{"text": "SPK530/SPK530A Submersible residual pumps\nStream SPK530(A) is residual dewatering pump, able to pump down to the floor, even the smallest puddle can be pumped dry. It is the best pump for complete drainage of flat surface.\nEven little water could be drained to less than 1mm by SPK530, equipped with an exclusive one-way valve, water can not surge backwards.\nIdeal for complete drainage water from flat surfaces where a sump is not available;\nRemoving water from areas like cellars, basements, car parks, rooftops, garages, road ways and construction sites;\nFeatures and advantages:\nStart up at any water level;\nThe specially designed bottom plate enables the pump to drain down to 1mm water level.;\nOne-way check valve holds prime and prohibits back flow through pump when stopped;\nThe water-cooled design provides maximum motor cooling efficiency, allowing continuous duty operation at low water levels;\nThe discharge connector can be converted into horizontal direction, according to the requirements of use;\nWear-resistant materials are used for easy-wearing parts to improve their durability and maintain pump performance;\nThe built-in motor protector can automatically cut off power when it over current or overheat, which guarantee safety and reliability when the pump operate in the atrocious environment.\nMaximum immersion depth is 5m;\nThe PH of liquid is 6.5~8.5;\nPassage of solids is less than 6mm;\nImpeller:TPU 201 insert\nShaft:201 stainless steel\nMotor Frame: Aluminum Alloy\nMechanical Seal:Silicon Carbide, with 3 static rings\nCable: 6m Epoxy-glue integrated cable", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "triplex pump duplex double acting reciprocating pump applications for handling drilling mud cement slurry sewerage and general water service.\nhere you will find listings of mud pump mud pump manufacturers mud pump suppliers mud pump exporters and manufacturing companies from india. prd series high quality duplex double acting reciprocating mud pumps of different\nused mud pump for sale used mud pumps for sale used mud pumps for sale from india. the hole drills manufacturers down the hole drills suppliers down the hole drills exporters down the hole drills australia duplex piston pump\ncontact verified triplex pumps manufacturers triplex pumps suppliers triplex pumps exporters wholesalers producers retailers and traders in india.\nwhite star provides superior quality triplex mud pumps and replacement parts india-based keyur sales agency is a widely recognized mud pump supplier for\ngsl engineers mud pumps manufacturers mud pumps suppliers distributor of gardner denver mud pumps hydraulic mud pumps triplex mud pumps mud\nfor your buy requirements. contact verified mud pump parts manufacturers mud pump parts suppliers mud pump parts exporters wholesalers producers retailers and traders in india. mud pump parts (triplex & duplex). price : get quote.\nour full-open valves and seats are designed for use in gardner denver pz f-series and national 12p lines of triplex drilling pumps. this gives you options to\nmanufacturer of mud pumps - diesel high pressure triplex mud pumps high duplex mud pump and double acting mud pump offered by rock dril india\nget details of mud pump manufacturersmud pump suppliersmud pump dealers mud pump exporters mud pump traders mud pump producers mud pump\nmud pump is a reciprocating piston plunger device designed to circulate the mud rasson energy specializes in supplying quality mud pumps includes duplex\nget info of suppliers manufacturers exporters traders of double acting mud pumps for these high pressure duplex double acting mud pumps are primarily\nlaxmi tubewell and pump industries is manufacturersupplier and exporter of centrifugal mud pumpsmud pumps etc based in gujaratindia.\nwe offer the most complete drilling fluid equipment package of mud pumps and mixing technologies for one of the most important phases in the drilling process.\nmanufacturers and exporters of mud pumps drilling mud pumps triplex mud pumps mud pumps india.\nfind best mud pump price list manufacturers dealers products designs and pz 9 triplex drilling mud pump by maco corporation india private limited\nthe range of drilling mud pump packages offered by goma engineering comprised of triplex single acting piston pump customized to meet requirements of\nwe are leading manufacturer of cantilever pump ss mud pump pp frp non clog pump chemical processing pumps and pp frp blower in india. there are duplex mud pumps and triplex mud pumps are available with two and three\nabout us. hiro nisha is a leading widely held indian manufacturer of high pressure positive displacement triplex plunger pumps confirming to api 674.\ndencil pumps is one of the leading triplex pumps manufacturers in india. our triplex pumps are manufactured distributed supplied to maharashtra gujarat\nsewage mud pump is known for its efficiency and durability. the mud pump is designed for pumping muddy water sewage polluted liquids & solids. order high\nchina triplex mud pump china triplex mud pump suppliers and manufacturers directory - source a large selection of triplex mud pump products at mud", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Abstract The CAD method is applied in the hydraulic design for fire pump, based on the factory’s producing practice. We build the mathematic model of the impeller’s axis plane projection, and parameterize the design of axis plane projection, and formulize the area checking of flow channel. Hence, the computer can automatically design axis plane projection and check the flow channel’s area. The paper gives the changing rules of the ρ-L curve and its optimizing methods. The CAD design method can greatly improve the precision and speed of the hydraulic design of fire pump’s impeller.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Nandi Multipurpose Dam Project comprises the construction of a 67m high and 1.558meters long roller-compacted concrete faced rock fill dam with a design total plant output of 50MW. It also comprises of reservoir with a maximum capacity of 230*10,000,000 cubic meters expected to supply water to Vihiga Counties town, whilst also providing water for irrigation in Chemase (1.125Ha), Kibigori (1.328Ha) and Miwani (556Ha).\nPublic Private Partnership\nNandi, Kisumu and Vihiga Counties\nLake Basin Development Authority\nPlease register to the eOpportunities platform in order to fulfil this request.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "From water supply to irrigation\nANDRITZ pumps in water and waste water management\nFor decades, the reliability of ANDRITZ pumps has made them the first choice for applications in water and waste water management. Thanks to a wide range of pumps, ANDRITZ can cope with drinking and industrial water supplies, irrigation, desalination, flood control and drainage. Find out how ANDRITZ pumps ensured the water supply, flood control and irrigation around the globe.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "JMCUHYD 2-Way Hydraulic Ball Valve 1/4″ NPT 7250 PSI\nJMCUHYD 2 way hydraulic ball valves are made of carbon steel, and its zinc plated will be rust-resistant. It can be used in high pressure hydraulic industry as a switch, to control the fluid in the hydraulic systems.\nFeatures and Benefits\nEasy sealing and operation\nHigh corrosion protection\nPOM ball seal is anti-abrasive and NBR O-ring is oil and cold resistant\nVarious sizes to choose from: 1/4”, 3/8”, 1/2”, 3/4” , 1″, 1-1/4″NPT\nProduct Application Information\nSuitable for use with petroleum based hydraulic fluids, lubricants, fuel oil and air in most hydraulic applications.\nAir & gas compressors\nOffshore and shipbuilding\nMake sure this fits by entering your model number.\n1/4 inch NPT thread female connect ball valve\nMax pressure 7250 PSI\nBall valve with zinc chromate plating\nSuitable for hydraulic and water Applications\nStandard POM ball seaings & NRB sealing", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BEIJING, April 24 (Xinhua-ANI): Beijing is expected to face a water shortage of 1.3 billion cubic meters in 2012, accounting for a third of the city's annual water usage, according to local water authorities.\nThe municipal government will work to keep the capital's water consumption within 3.7 billion cubic meters this year, as only 2.4 billion cubic meters will be supplied by local water resources, Cheng Jing, head of the Beijing Water Authority, said Monday.\nThe gap is expected to be bridged via a combination of measures, including the use of recycled water, water diversion and moderate exploitation of underground water, Cheng said.\nBeijing has been plagued by droughts for 13 consecutive years, with its fast-paced economic development and ever-growing population exacerbating the water shortage, according to Cheng.\nThe available per capita water usage in Beijing has dropped to 100 cubic meters, about one-tenth of the internationally acknowledged warning level.\nLocal authorities have tightened water management by setting a ceiling for the city's annual water consumption at 4 billion cubic meters by 2015. (Xinhua-ANI)\nRead More: Darap Bo | Chak Umrah | Deoli Bo | Kheri Bo | Kotli Mian Fateh Bo | Kanhal Bo | Pandorian Manhasan Bo | Palli Bo | Rehal Bo | Sarore Bo | Smailpur Bo | Tarore Bo | Birpur Bo | Bari Brahmna I/complex | Bari Brahmna So | Allah Bo | Water Works | Heavy Water Project Colony | Water Falls Estate | Sasaram Local Board", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This unit was designed to produce high flows and high pressure for pressure testing large volumes. Well heads, pipelines and vessels can be tested effortlessly. 1000 litres of fluid is stored in the onboard water tank. Two huge GPD pumps provide high flows (>60 litres/min) to 300 bar and 1200 bar. Forklift tyne slots are fitted to make the unit fully transportable and mobile.\nPumps and instrumentation are installed with operation and maintenance in mind.\nAll pressures and flows can be accomodated.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A SUSPENDED SEDIMENT BUDGET OF THE YICHANG-WUHAN REACH OF THE YANGTZE RIVER, CHINA\nThe amount of the sediment deposition in the Yichan-Wuhan reach of the middle Yangtze River (also known as Changjiang River) has been determined using the concept of sediment budget at the channel-reach scale. The fill-scour processes of the middle Yangtze River were studied during the period 1956–1997 in response to the variation in sediment load and flow inputs. The results show that 13.3% of the net input of sediment was deposited in the studied river reach. Since 1956, the output sediment load of the studied reach increased with time to 1981, followed by a decline. The increase in output before 1981 can be related to the man-made bend neck-cutoff which caused a decrease in the sediment load diverted through the ‘three outfalls’ (i.e. the three distributaries from the Yangtze main stem to the Dongting Lake) and increased the sediment-carrying capacity of the river. Thereby, the river could transport more sediment to the outlet of the studied river reach. The decrease in the sediment load output after 1984 was directly due to the decreased sediment load at Yichang station. Multiple regression equations have been established to assess the contributions of influencing factors to the variation in sediment deposition amount in the studied river reach.\nDocument Type: Research Article\nAffiliations: Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China\nPublication date: 2008-06-01", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BC Hydro says navigation changes are coming to a section of the Peace River in the Site C dam construction zone this weekend.\nStarting Aug. 19, the navigation channel under the dam site's construction's bridge will be moving 50 metres from the main stem of the river and over to the north bank. Navigation lights and markings on the bridge will be moved to reflect the change, BC Hydro says.\n\"Please exercise caution when navigating the Peace River at and around the dam site for safety reasons,\" BC Hydro writes in a bulletin.\n\"The navigation channel through the construction site is dynamic and may continue to change during the construction period based on river conditions and water flows.\"", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic and Pneumatic Knowledge\nFluid Power Equipment\nBasic Hydraulic Open Center Series Connection System Schematic\nIllustrated below, shows an open-center system with a series connection. Oil from a pump is routed to the three control valves in series. The return from the first valve is routed to the inlet of the second, and so on. In neutral, the oil passes through the valves in series and returns to the reservoir, as the arrows indicate. When a control valve is operated, the incoming oil is diverted to the cylinder that the valve serves. Return liquid from the cylinder is directed through the return line and on to the next valve. This system is satisfactory as long as only one valve is operating at a time. When this happens, the full output of the pump at full system pressure is available to that function. However, if more than one valve is operating, the total of the pressures required for each function cannot exceed the systems relief setting.\nOpen-center system with a series connection", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "16P80 160 Mpa Porta Power Hydraulic Hand Pump With Gauge For Bolt Tensioner\nThe 16P series is a portable high-pressure porta power hydraulic hand pump designed to supply hydraulic bolt tensioners with an output pressure of 160 MPa. In addition, various sizes of fuel tanks can be customized to meet different equipment needs.\nWith pressure regulating valve to recalibrate output pressure\nBuilt-in precision high and low-pressure automatic switching valve to provide more flow at low pressure and improve work efficiency\nMade of aluminum-titanium alloy material, lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, suitable for various harsh environments", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Fecal Pump, Wholesale Various High Quality Fecal Pump Products from Global Fecal Pump . SP, SPR Series wear resistant submerged fecal pump Chen Ming.\nCoal ash and slag custimize centrifugal slurry pump series of ZJ industry mining pump . High pressure ash slurry pump and water usage fecal sewage . QW WQ YW LW GW centrifugal submersible pump sewage water pump ash slurry pump Tags: Submersible Pump Sp And Spr Vertical Centrifugal Slurry Sump Pump.\nCentrifugal cantilever vertical type sump slurry pump series of SP(R) for abrasive and. Add to Compare .. SP, SPR wear resistant centrifugal submersible slurry vertical cantilevered pump . sewage and feces cantilevered centrifugal pump.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Monitoring System and Protection System\nThe hydropower station is a power station that converts the potential and kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. The hydropower station monitoring and protection system is an equipment system that comprehensively and systematically monitors, controls and protects this energy conversion process.\nThe main task of the monitoring and protection system of hydropower stations is to monitor and control the water transmission and power generation system, hydraulic mechanical equipment and systems, electrical equipment and systems, flood gates and hydraulic structures, etc., so as to ensure the safe, efficient and economic operation of hydropower stations.\n1. The monitoring system of a hydropower station mainly includes the measurement system, signal system, operating system and adjustment system of the hydropower station. At present, computer systems are generally used to realize the monitoring of hydropower stations.\n2. The protection system of a hydropower station mainly includes water system protection, mechanical equipment protection and electrical equipment protection, such as flooded station protection, unit overspeed protection, overtemperature protection, low oil pressure protection for oil pressure device accidents, and relay protection for electrical equipment.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hot Water Pump: DrainMajor 730/1030pumptech12023-02-02T09:44:12+00:00\nHot Water Pump: DrainMajor 730/1030\nThe DrainMajor 730/1030 hot water pump is the ideal waste water pumping system for high temperature, modern environments. (Zip Taps, Dishwashers). It provides a proven hot water pumping performance. Simply fit the PTL 730/1030 special hot water pump (up to 90° Celsius) into the DrainMajor or DrainMajor Duo for hot water pumping.\nCustom manufactured from Polyethylene, the new tank (which, by the way, is recyclable at the end of its working life) features a sealed lid that can be simply removed via four screws for easy service and maintenance access.\nThe hot water pump with AWESOME POWER!\nThis unit is designed to pump waste water from Commercial/Industrial sinks, and utility/cleaners sinks. It has been SPECIALLY constructed to handle hot water (90°C) from commercial dishwashers, washing machines and glass washers.\nAn important feature of the unit is its high head pumping capability (up to 9 metres) which enables it to handle difficult, awkward or very long discharge pipe runs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Nipomo, CA – Woodlands Booster Station and Water Storage Tanks: For The Woodlands development in Nipomo, Wallace Group master-planned and designed its water supply system through planning, design and construction.\nOur Water Resources Department prepared analyses of the water system, to serve all phases of planning, design and construction, and specifically address on-site water storage and pumping needs.\nFor the water distribution system, Wallace Group designed three welded steel water storage tanks totaling 510,000 gallons, and a 2,000 gpm booster station to deliver water at adequate service pressure and fire suppression flow requirements. The water storage tanks were designed and constructed to meet AWWA D-100 standards for seismic protection, including anchoring system, flexible piping connections, cathodic protection and other amenities. The booster station is comprised of six pumps ranging from a small 10 hp jockey pump to provide water service during low flow demands to 40 hp, 1,000 gpm fire flow pumps. The booster station operates on variable frequency drives (VFD) to maintain constant system pressures.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Custom Waste Water Recycle System\nCustom Designed Water Recycle System\nDealing with waste water is part of E-Coat line management. Recycling even small portion of it can result in significant saving.\nUsing samples of waste water from the E-Coat line, our lab performs testing during the design process, ensuring that the system will perform to its specifications.\nWaste Water Recycle System Flow (sample)\nThe systems we design are combinations of UF/NF/RO membranes. The conditions of the source water (waste water) and its feed rate to the recycle system are the most important factors impacting system design. Periodic inspection of the source water (waste water) state is necessary.\nIn order to achieve the desired result, the source water state in the design phase must match the actual source water state.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This team manages water and wastewater capital projects. The team also provides technical support to the Water / Sewer Operations Division and Wastewater Treatment Division, and provides support to other city project efforts as needed. The Capital Projects Division is also responsible for the inspections and maintenance on the 3 lake dams, Lake Fayetteville, Lake Sequoyah and Lake Wilson.\nBy selectively performing in-house design and construction inspection, the team has saved millions of dollars in consulting costs.\nWastewater System Improvement Project\nIn 2012, a Wastewater System Improvement Project (WSIP) was completed that significantly increased the capacity of the city's wastewater system and included the construction of the $61 million new West Side Wastewater Treatment Facility. The wastewater system can now treat wastewater for 115,000 people. Several capital projects have been completed on the wastewater system since the WSIP was completed in order to further improve the quality of the sanitary sewer system in Fayetteville.\nThe department has managed the design and construction of numerous water and sewer projects done by consultants and contractors, including a $2.3 million sewer rehabilitation project, a $1.3 million water tank rehabilitation project, and several water and sewer relocations for ARDOT projects. In 2017, the team also finished a complete rewrite of the standard specifications for design and construction of water and sewer lines. For a list of current and future utilities capital projects and related information, please visit theWater & Sewer Capital Projects Programpage.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic systems have always been at the forefront of power transmission, delivering impeccable performance across multiple industries. The core component driving these systems is the hydraulic pump. The new variable speed pump with integrated load sensing capabilities promises to revolutionize the dynamics of hydraulic operations. This cutting-edge pump automatically adjusts its speed based on the system's demand, ensuring optimal performance and energy efficiency.\n|Maximum Flow Rate||150 L/min|\n|Pressure Range||Up to 350 bar|\n|Speed Variability||500 - 3000 rpm|\n|Load Sensing Range||0 - 100% of system load|\n|Input Voltage||24V DC|\n|Material||High-strength steel alloy with anti-corrosive coating|\n|Temperature Resistance||-20°C to 120°C|\n- Advanced Digital Controls: The pump is equipped with state-of-the-art digital controls, allowing for fine-tuning of its performance parameters.\n- Anti-Wear Construction: Constructed using top-grade materials to ensure longevity and resistance to wear.\n- Compact Design: Ensures easy integration into existing hydraulic systems without requiring extensive modifications.\n- Seamless Integration: Designed to easily couple with a variety of hydraulic components and systems.\n- Energy Efficient: The ability to vary speed based on load requirements ensures that the pump only consumes power when necessary, leading to significant energy savings.\n- Precise Flow Control: Offers unparalleled accuracy in controlling fluid flow, leading to consistent system performance.\n- Quick Response: The integrated load sensing capabilities allow for rapid adjustments, ensuring the system always operates at peak efficiency.\n- Reduced Heat Generation: With optimal operational adjustments, the pump generates less heat, reducing the need for frequent cooling.\nThe Rotontek variable speed pump with integrated load sensing can be applied in:\n- Industrial Automation: For processes requiring precise fluid control and automation.\n- Construction Machinery: Enhancing the efficiency of heavy machinery like excavators and cranes.\n- Mining Operations: Ensuring consistent operation of mining equipment in challenging environments.\n- Marine Systems: Providing reliable hydraulic power in marine environments.\n- Aerospace: For systems requiring accurate fluid dynamics under varying loads.\nWith the myriad of features and applications, the variable speed pump with integrated load sensing capabilities is a testament to Rotontek's commitment to innovation and efficiency in hydraulic systems.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Stream Diversion for Concrete Check Dam\nApple Creek, CA (2001)\nPage 1 of 3\nA concrete check dam needed to be constructed midstream to force water\ninto an existing intake structure. The water flow had to be diverted before\nthe concrete could be poured. In the past, a check dam was constructed by\nmachinery out of gravel, but this is no longer environmentally acceptable.\nA 4' x 50' AquaDam® was used to divert the water flow into the diversion channel.\nNot all of the water had to be diverted, so a small amount was allowed to flow\nthrough this pipe.\nThe diversion channel was about 2' deep and was running swiftly.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The under-construction 140-megawatt Tanahun Hydroelectricity Project witnessed a breakthrough in its headrace tunnel. The reservoir-based project utilizes water from the Seti River, flowing along the border of Rhishing Rural Municipality and Byas Municipality-5 in Tanahun.\nEnergy, Water Resources, and Irrigation Secretary Gopal Prasad Sigdel and Kul Man Ghising, Managing Director of Nepal Electricity Authority and Chairman of Tanahun Hydropower Ltd jointly detonated the switch to activate the tunnel.\nThe tunnel is part of Package 2 of the project and spans 1,493 meters from its intake point. It has a diameter of 7.4 meters and will be lined with concrete. The water will flow through the tunnel and be collected in an underground powerhouse via a 213-meter pen stock.\nDuring the tunnel breakthrough ceremony, Secretary of Energy, Water Resources, and Irrigation, Sigdel, expressed satisfaction with the progress of the reservoir project, which is being built after a long gap. Sigdel urged all involved parties to complete the main dam construction on time.\nThe experience gained from reservoir projects like Kulekhani provides guidance and confidence to develop similar projects such as Dudhkoshi, Nalgarh, and Budhigandaki.\nGhising, the Managing Director of the NEA, emphasized the importance of completing the project on time and called on all parties involved to take responsibility.\nHe noted that the major milestones of the project have already been achieved, including the diversion of the river for the construction of the main dam and the breaking of the main tunnel. In order to complete the project on time, the responsibility for speeding up the construction of the dam lies with the project management, consultants and construction professionals.\nHe said that the construction of the 126 MW Lower Seti Hydroelectric Project, which will be developed in the lower area by using the flow and water of the Madi River that will be obtained after the power generation from the project, will be taken up soon.\nKiran Kumar Shrestha, Managing Director of Tanahun Hydropower Ltd, the project promoter, and Shyamji Bhandari, Acting Project Manager, briefed the audience on the progress of the project and the problems faced.\nDividing the main structures into three packages, the overall physical progress of the project under construction is 54 percent. The entire construction is scheduled to be completed by May 2026.\nUnder Package-1, the excavation of the foundations for the construction of the main dam and the construction of a 40-meter-high temporary cofferdam to divert the river during the dam construction are in full swing.\nWork is being carried out with the aim of completing the excavation of the foundation within the dam site in the second week of June, and starting the construction of the foundation of the main dam in July. Overall physical progress on Package 1 is 29 percent. Song Da Corporation, Vietnam-Kalika Construction Ltd JV. for the construction of the 140 meter high dam under Package-1.\nSino Hydro Corporation, China is doing the construction of Package-2, including the project tunnel, powerhouse construction and supply, installation and operation of hydromechanical and electromechanical equipment.\nAfter the completion of the excavation of the underground power plant, the construction of the concrete switchyard, installation of penstocks and equipment in the power plant is being carried out. Construction of the tailrace has been completed. The total physical progress of this package is about 55 percent.\nUnder Package-3, KEC International of India is constructing a 34.7 km 220 kV double circuit transmission line from Damauli to Bharatpur in Chitwan. KEC International Limited, India is doing it.\nOf the 94 towers on the transmission line, the foundations of 76 towers have been laid and 62 towers have been erected. The overall construction progress of this package is 72 percent.\nUnder the social development program of the project, the Tanahun Rural Electrification and Distribution System Strengthening Project has been completed by the Project Management Directorate of Nepal Electricity Authority for electrification of Tanahun District.\nUnder this project, two substations of 33-11 kV were constructed and commissioned in Ghiring Rural Municipality-4 and Bandipur Rural Municipality-6 for local power supply.\nA 33 kV line has been constructed to supply electricity to the said substations. In order to provide sufficient, reliable and quality power supply to Tanahun district, distribution transformers of different capacities were installed at different locations and 11 kV lines were constructed.\nUnder the community development program, 56 projects including education, health, drinking water, roads, river embankment construction, etc. have been completed in the project areas. Seven projects are under construction.\nVarious skill-based trainings have been conducted to improve the livelihood and income of the project-affected people.\nThe total estimated cost of the project is $505 million, with funding from various sources, including $150 million from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), $184 million from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), $85 million from the European Investment Bank, and $86 million from the Nepalese government/NEA.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Enterprises catalog ALL.BIZ: Dividers-combiners for flows← Back to category \"Hydraulic valves\"\nAdd to selected\nHydraulic pumps Hose of a high pressure Hydraulics pipes Hydraulic power station Hoses Hydromotors Oil stores, stations Hoses for suction Hoses for low temperatures Hoses pressure Dividers-combiners for flows Regulating hydraulic valves Guides... Read more\n11 years on Allbiz\nThis company replies on the enquiry during 24 hours", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Submersible water pump for clean water. Can be submerged to 5m and pump water to 6m above pump position. Strong plastic body. Includes float switch. 1-1/2″ (38mm) BSP male thread pump outlet with adaptor for up to 38mm (1-1/2”) bore hose. Max flow rate 5000Ltr/hr.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Optimisation connection of the Lek channel to the River Lek\nRijkswaterstaat, Utrecht, The Netherlands\nConnection of the Lek channel to the River Lek, near the city of Nieuwengein\nDevelopment WAQUA and FINEL model of Lek area, morphological study, hydraulic study\n|Currents with WAQUA||Currents with FINEL|\nTo improve the connection of the Lek canal to the River Lek the hydraulic and morphological effects of several alternative junctions were investigated by Royal Haskoning, Svašek Hydraulics. For the modelling of the hydraulic effects two different 2DH models were used: WAQUA and FINEL.\nBoth models were calibrated using ADCP current measurements in several lines across and parallel to the river. FINEL showed better results and was further used as the design tool for the hydraulic design.\nThe hydraulic design comprises the development of eddies in the entrance of the Lek cannel and the impact of these eddies on the maintenance dredging volumes.\nBesides the hydraulic study a morphological study was executed to determine the impact of the several junction configurations on the river bed.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tianjin Eco-City water distribution is not balanced, the monitoring points of the water supply system are lack of unified planning, water supply leakage, poor network interoperability, low emergency water supply security under accident conditions, and insufficient information management level of network and facilities operation and maintenance. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the water supply system and information management platform. Based on the investigation of the current situation of water supply perception system and energy information platform in Tianjin eco-city, the evaluation of the leakage status of water supply network operation and the degree of water supply informatization. The project plans the implementation route of water supply monitoring points, builds a water supply perception system based on water supply network classification and zone metering management, and formulates the information management and maintenance plan of water supply system, so as to provide a basis for improving the fine management level of pipe network, reducing the leakage rate of pipe network and improving the security capability of water supply.\nTianjin eco-city water supply network flow monitoring point scheme.\nTianjin eco-city water supply network pressure monitoring point scheme", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Columbia River, Oregon, USA, 1926Add to Cart Add to Lightbox\n- Columbia River, Oregon, USA, 1926.jpg\n- © E.O. Hoppe Estate Collection / Curatorial Inc.\n- Image Size\n- 4000x3001 / 6.4MB\nBig River the River of the West River Oregon Pacific Northwest tributary Columbia Lake British Columbia Canada Snake River dams hyrdoelectric dams hydroelectricity fish Columbia River Gorge locks dredging shipping channels reservior power generation Rocky Mountain Trench Deschutes River Columbia Bar sandbar geology Columbia River Plateau Cascade Range Columbia Basin timber logs logging timber camp Grand Coulle Dam Chief Joseph Dam ecology environmenr boys young boys construction boat vessel river water trees treeline shoreline clouds reflection landscape 1926\n- Contained in galleries\n- United States of America", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Defence 8 inch Hydraulic submersible water pump manufacturer service has earned us a prominent position in the sector. To ensure that our clients are satisfied, we have qualified staff with technical knowledge. Our equipment is extensive and allows us to offer small portable Defence 3 phase hydraulic power unit company to all our customers. These job works are provided by our team in different specifications to meet the needs of clients.\nOur products are designed to provide efficiency wholesale powerful Renovation electric hydraulic power pack and ensure better output for our clients. Our products hydraulic circular saw for firefighting and rescue supplier are simple to use and require little maintenance.\nWe are suppliers of all kind of light weight demolition hydraulic power pack system company moved in market for great sales, we have wholesale powerful Dewatering portable hydraulic power pack sort and specificationthat will suit our customer satisfaction. You can also attach light weight Construction Power Pack Hydraulic manufacturer samples to meet your needs.\nOur company is one of the most respected providers of easy to use Municipal gasoline hydraulic power pack company products.\nlow noise Fire services hydraulic power unit diesel company Supplier who has a great reputation. Our solutions contain wholesale portable Construction petrol hydraulic power unit Products are mostly exported to European nations, it truly is well-known in numerous countries. We are the largest supplier from USA, with ISO9001 Certification. Also the items have been certified by mutiple security certification. We will offer our Defence 8 inch Hydraulic submersible water pump manufacturer products with the highest quality possible and the most attractive value. Considering that the enterprise established, we have been committed to small portable Defence 3 phase hydraulic power unit company in foreign sales and service, we have regularly adhering towards the quality 1st, service first company philosophy to serve our clients and often place this philosophy throughout our wholesale powerful Renovation electric hydraulic power pack sales and after-sales service. We are among the most highly effective and in depth market network of modern integrated hydraulic circular saw for firefighting and rescue supplier product sales firm. We would love to hear from you!\nWe are an enterprise that export light weight demolition hydraulic power pack system company to foreign, we are approved by the relevant state registratio. Key wholesale powerful Dewatering portable hydraulic power pack , sells to many countries around the world, product available upon request. With years of experience, we are a skilled manufacturer. We support customers worldwide with high quality light weight Construction Power Pack Hydraulic manufacturer solutions. We are able to provide customized merchandise and support wholesale. Click the button below for more information about easy to use Municipal gasoline hydraulic power pack company .\nEstablished in 2013,we engaged in manufacturing, wholesale trading and retailing of low noise Fire services hydraulic power unit diesel company ;We are dedicated to provide satisfactory application of our offered machinery, which earned us valuable trust of a wide number of prestigious clients from widely known wholesale portable Construction petrol hydraulic power unit companies, highly acknowledged restaurants and well established caterers. We focus on quality at all stages and leverage the innovative technology with the tireless skills of our professionals.\nWe offer a wide range quality assured Defence 8 inch Hydraulic submersible water pump manufacturer products to address the needs of our prestigious clients. Through decades of experience, our company has become a reliable partner.\n|light weight Construction hydraulic porta pack manufacturer||easy to use Dewatering petrol hydraulic power pack supplier|\n|compact Renovation petrol hydraulic power pack manufacturer||wholesale Construction 8 inch submersible pump to drain pool|\n|wholesale Construction 4 inch submersible pump to drain pool||compact concrete cutting hydraulic power pack unit supplier|\n|efficient Renovation electric hydraulic power unit supplier||convenient Municipal gasoline hydraulic power unit supplier|\n|convenient Renovation electric hydraulic power unit company||convenient Construction petrol hydraulic power unit company|\n|wholesale easy to use Dewatering power pack hydraulic price||wholesale portable concrete cutting ac hydraulic power unit|\n|efficient Dewatering gasoline hydraulic power pack supplier||convenient Construction petrol hydraulic power pack company|\n|portable Municipal petrol hydraulic power pack manufacturer||wholesale convenient Dewatering diesel hydraulic power pack|\n|easy to load Fire services hydraulic power supplies company||convenient Dewatering hydraulic power supplies manufacturer|\n|easy to load Defence hydraulic power pack unit manufacturer||efficient Dewatering gasoline hydraulic power unit supplier|\nwholesale light weight Defence compact hydraulic power pack, wholesale compact concrete cutting hpu hydraulic power unit, wholesale powerful Construction hydraulic power unit petrol, powerful Fire services 3 phase hydraulic power unit company, easy to load Construction hpu hydraulic power unit supplier, Fire services 4 inch submersible pump to drain pool supplier, compact Dewatering gas powered hydraulic power pack company, light weight Renovation hydraulic power unit diesel company, easy maintenance Fire services Power Pack Hydraulic company, wholesale portable Dewatering electric hydraulic power pack,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Shower flow restrictors are designed to limit the amount of water that flows through the showerhead. Depending on the type of restrictor, the process for removing it will vary. In some cases, a shower flow restrictor can be removed by unscrewing the showerhead and taking out the restrictor. In other cases, the restrictor may be built into the showerhead and cannot be removed.\nIf the restrictor cannot be removed, you may need to purchase a new showerhead without a built-in restrictor.\nShower flow restrictor removal pros and cons\n- Increased water pressure: Removing the flow restrictor will increase the water pressure of your shower, making it more enjoyable to use.\n- Increased water flow: You will also get an increase in the amount of water that flows out of the showerhead, meaning you can get more done in less time.\n- Cost savings: Removing the flow restrictor can help you save money in the long run, as you will use less water and therefore save on your water bill.\n- Reduced water efficiency: Removing the flow restrictor will reduce the efficiency of your shower, as more water will be used for the same amount of time.\n- Increased water bill: As mentioned above, removing the flow restrictor will increase your water bill, as more water will be used for the same amount of time.\n- Possible damage to the showerhead: Removing the flow restrictor may cause damage to the showerhead, as it is not designed to handle the increased water pressure and flow.\nIs it OK to remove the flow restrictor from the shower head?\nIt is not recommended to remove the flow restrictor from the shower head, as it is designed for a specific purpose. The flow restrictor is designed to regulate the water pressure and conserve water. Removing it could cause water pressure to become too high and could also increase water usage.\nWhile it is possible to remove flow restrictors from shower heads, we strongly advise against it for several reasons. Flow restrictors for faucets are an integral part of most aerators and it is generally not possible or desirable to remove them.\nDoes a flow restrictor increase water pressure?\nNo, a flow restrictor does not increase water pressure. It actually reduces the flow of water and therefore reduces the water pressure.\nIn short, a flow restrictor increases pressure on the upstream side of the restrictor. The flow output is decreased in water output per minute, but the force with which it comes out increases.\nDo I need a flow restrictor?\nNo, flow restrictors are not necessary for all applications. However, in some cases, such as with a bidet shower, they may be required to ensure proper water flow. Additionally, they may be recommended to reduce water pressure or to prevent water damage in certain plumbing systems.\nShower flow restrictor removal\nShower flow restrictor removal is a common plumbing procedure that is done to increase the water pressure in a shower. It involves removing the small device that is located on the end of the showerhead that regulates the water flow. This allows more water to flow through the showerhead, which can result in a more powerful shower experience. It is important to note that this procedure should only be done if the water pressure in the home is too low, and not as a way to save water. This is because the restrictor is designed to regulate water pressure, and without it, the water pressure can become too high, resulting in damage to the plumbing system.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A Hydraulic analysis was performed to estimate sediment transport rates for the Euphrates River at a specified reach in (Al- Hindiya city). Information presented in this study includes surveyed channel cross sections, discharge, stages, and measurements of bed material characteristics. The study reach was between station (Km 625+200) upstream and station (Km 639+200) downstream with a length of (14) km. This reach includes (20) cross sections. HEC-RAS (4.1) package was used and applied for modeling and calculating the sediment transport by (Ackers-white, Engelund-Hansen, Laursen, Toffaleti, and Yang) formulas. Hydraulic computations existing in HEC-RAS4 were used to compute a series of steady flow profiles (13 profiles).These profiles used to develop hydro-dynamic parameters for sediment transport and calibrated to the hydraulic conditions of the reach. A stable solution for sediment transport rates was obtained under specified conditions. The modeling formulas were compared with the field results and the closest formula to the field results was (Laursen), while (Ackers-White) formula was the poor one while the other samples give lower results than the field values with a bit of convergence in some of these results which had been obtained through statistical method. The average annual sediment transport has been predicted by (Laursen) formula using HEC-RAS (4.1) model to be (3376) tons.\nKeywords: Sediment, transport, One-dimensional model, HEC-RAS, River\nLuay Kadhim Hameed\nDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Kufa,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Via Real Stormwater Project is a flood mitigation project located between Bailard Avenue and Carpinteria Creek.\nThe Project includes some new storm drains and upgrades existing facilities to mitigate flood hazards and improve water quality, while also providing some groundwater recharge. The existing degraded open channel at the end of Poplar will be removed and replaced with a bioretention basin, which will be planted with a California native plant palate. A new storm drain will be installed along Poplar Street and connect to the existing drainage facilities along Via Real. The existing open channel concrete v-ditch and open earthen channels along Via Real will be replaced with a series of bioswales designed to both improve water quality and aesthetics along the walkway. Existing storm drain inlets and outlets along Via Real will be upgraded, reducing flooding and improving access to the adjacent properties. The asphalt concrete sidewalk will be replaced with a new concrete sidewalk.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Solar Powered Irrigation Systems can be set up with AC or DC pumps.\nIf AC pump is utilized; the pump is energized with a DC/AC inverter and solar panels. If DC pumps are used, the pump can be driven directly by solar panels.\nAdvantages of Solar Powered Irrigation Systems:\nOnly initial investment value\nHighly efficient and loss of energy is minimum\nEasy installation possible\n“Zero” maintenance value. No gas, fuel or electricity cost.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Self-study lesson plans and training record download page.\nScissor lift design project tutorial\nStart by taking this 'scissor lift circuit design' tutorial\nCircuit 1 - Basic, gravity fall, scissor lift circuit\nThis is the most simple scissor lift circuit possible.\nIn the standby condition shown the cylinder will fall under its own weight, with the flow being released through the open solenoid valve. The pump may still be running but has no pressure on it because the flow goes straight through the check valve and 2 way 2 position solenoid valve.\nWhen the solenoid valve is switched to shut, no fluid can escape so the cylinder will start to extend. The pressure in the fluid will be equivalent to the load on the cylinder e.g. more weight, more pressure.\nAt the end of the cylinder stroke, the fluid has nowhere else to go but across the relief valve. The pump pressure will immediately increase to the relief valve operating pressure. All of the pump energy will be converted to heat and the reservoir might overheat after only a few seconds under these conditions.\nCircuit 2 - Dubious flow control circuit\nThis circuit includes a flow control valve in the cylinder supply line. This could be used to control the raising and lowering speeds. However, there are several potential issues with this.\nOperate circuit 2 here to find out what the problems might be.\nCircuit 3 - Flow control while lowering\nThis circuit has the flow control in the lowering line. Not the raise line. This means it can be safely used to control the lowering speed and leave the pump to control the raise speed without any big power loss.\nOperate circuit 3 here and work out what one of the problems might be.\nCircuit 4 - Double cylinder lifting\nThis circuit has two cylinders that must work and move together. To do this they must be mechanically linked or the cylinder with the lowest load will just move on its own. There is no flow control while raising so the speed will be set by the pump flow.\nIt is a legal requirement for hydraulic lifting systems to have a restriction that will prevent uncontrolled lowering speeds. The bore line flow control valves will provide this however, we are now using a four-way three-position valve so the pump will be driving the cylinders down, rather than leaving this to gravity.\nOperate circuit 4 here and experiment with different cylinder loads and flow control setting. The simulation does not have a mechanical link between the cylinders.\nCircuit 5 - Load holding PO check valve\nThis circuit includes a pilot operated check valve to hold the load stationary at any position. Flow travels through the check valve when raising and the pilot feed from the lowering line opens the check valve while the cylinder is being driven down.\nOperate circuit 5 here and experiment with the flow control setting and pump flows while lowering.\nCircuit 6 - Hose burst safety valve\nHydraulic hoses have a limited life and therefore the potential to fail. In many lifting applications it is, therefore, a legal requirement to include some form of hose burst protection valve. In the example shown the raise and lower operation works fine while the hose is intact. However, should the hose fail and the cylinder start to fall quickly, the pressure drop across the valve will cause it to switch and the check valve will stop any further movement.\nCircuit 7 - Shock relief valve\nFinally, there is one addition we should consider for several of the designs. This circuit includes a relief valve directly connected to the cylinder bore. This is not required to compensate for thermal expansion of the fluid as the system should never be left extended. However, it may be required to protect against shock loads on the cylinder rod because the system relief valve is separated by a one-way valve.\nPotential circuit design problems\nThese are the answers to some of the problems posed above.\nIn circuit 2 we can only adjust raise and lower speed together. But they will not be the same as the loads are different and therefore the pressure drop across the orifice will be different when raising and lowering. Which means the flow will to. Also, if you restrict the pump supply flow then it will just create more pressure and heat. Eventually, the relief valve will open and the reservoir will probably overheat.\nIt’s a well-known fact that if an operator can do something stupid, they will. So someone is bound to adjust the flow control valve to a level that will compromise the circuit operation.\nIn circuit 3 we will definitely need to switch the pump off once the cylinder is fully extended as the pump flow across the orifice will generate heat and probably damage the fluid and pump.\ncircuit 4 should indicate how difficult it is to raise two cylinders at the same speed when loads keep changing. Mechanical synchronisation is the easiest but there are other hydraulic options if this is not possible.\ncircuit 5 big inefficiencies can occur when driving down cylinders with a flow control valve and fixed displacement pump.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Vacuum water pump\nWater vacuum pump is divided into two categories of single-stage and two-stage pumps. The amount of pressure produced in single-stage water vacuum pumps is 35 mm Hg, while two-stage pumps operate at a pressure of only 25 mm Hg. These industrial pumps pump circulating water at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius or less. Pumping dry air or gaseous liquids at 15 ° C is the basis of the operation of a water vacuum pump. Due to the temperature and pressure conditions of the water vacuum pump, the most common liquid that is pumped through this equipment is water; However, other fluids such as oils with very low vapor pressure They can be pumped in different directions through this pump. If the fluid conditions are compatible with the operating power of water vacuum pumps, this device can be used for pumping; For example, dry chlorine gas and concentrated sulfuric acid are two examples of these fluids. The water vacuum pump is effectively one of the most ideal industrial pumps for solvent recovery in the vapor state. For example, if in an industrial process such as distillation or vacuum drying, toluene vapor is produced and this vapor is used as a sealing compound, it causes the produced cold water to release the liquid vapor to enter the water vacuum pump. AppropriateOil and petrochemical industries, metal industries, food production industries, medical service centers, power plants, textile industries, pharmaceuticals and construction materials industries are some of the most important applications of water vacuum pumps. Circulating water vacuum pump can be structurally mono impeller or two impeller. The two-stage liquid ring vacuum pump creates a higher vacuum rate with higher efficiency and effectiveness than the single-stage aqueous vacuum pump. Also, the two-stage water vacuum pump is designed for use in heavy industry, which actually operates as two vacuum pumps. One of the vacuum pumps in the role of backup pumpIt helps to increase the production vacuum. The suction type of water suction pumps can be direct or indirect. Sealing or vacuum sealing of water ring pumps can also be mechanical sealing or packing. Venice also in more detail: Circulating water vacuum pump (water vacuum pump, water vacuum pump) can be considered as one of the most popular vacuum pumps. Extensive use of circulating water vacuum pumps (water vacuum pumps, water vacuum pumps) in industries to move a variety of gases and liquids for several reasons, including uniaxial, lack of friction between mechanical parts and low depreciation of the pump. If the liquid is circulating in the water pump, a pressure of 33 bar can be reached, which is the same pressure Water vapor pressure is at a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius. To achieve lower pressures, oil can be used as a circulating fluid. The final pressure of the vacuum pump depends on the vapor pressure of the oil used. For better pump efficiency, the circulating fluid must always be cool. . By combining this pump with other pumps such as ejectors and Roots and , a pressure of 〖10〗 ^ (- 2) millibars can be reached. The vacuum outlet of the water pump can also be used as a gas compressor, which has many applications in industry. Such as factory CO2 gas and oil and gas process gases, as well as the transfer of all acidic and alkaline materials that are not possible with any other pump.\nWater vacuum pumps operate on the basis of creating suction for different fluids. The current passing through the impellers moves the fluid, and this rotational motion creates a certain pressure for the suction of fluids. An example of how a water vacuum pump works can be seen in the figure below. Optimal conditions for the operation of these pumps are defined at a certain temperature and pressure; Normally, the pressure of the blue vacuum pump is at atmospheric conditions. In addition to pumping water by water vacuum pump, there are some other types of these pumps in the market called oil vacuum pump and dry vacuum pump. Each of these pumps operates under vacuum conditions but has different technical specifications. Also, the pressure conditions are different in the three models of water, oil and dry vacuum pump", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Author(s): Wenxue Chen; Jiguang Liu; Jun Guo; Di Hong; Sicun Shi\nKeywords: Horizontal vortex spillway tunnel; Prototype observation; Dissipator; Aeration\nAbstract: Gongboxia Hydropower Project locates on the upstream of Yellow River. The dam is the concrete faced rockfill dam with 139m high. The shaft horizontal vortex spillway tunnel is on the right bank, which has been reconstructed by utilizing the existing diversion tunnel. The maximum head and discharge flow of this vortex spillway tunnel are 110m and 1090m3/s respectively. The prototype observations were carried out at nearly design flood in August 2006 to evaluate properties and safeness of the vortex spillway tunnel and to verify model results. During the prototype observations, the water level in the shaft and near the outlet of the tunnel, pressure distribution and air concentration distribution in the shaft and the swirling flow generator, air flowrate of the vent systems, structure vibration and structure dynamic response etc. were measured. The observed results show that: the flow pattern in the inlet and in the diversion tunnel are quite steady; the discharge capacity of the spillway tunnel satisfies design demand; the aerator in the shaft works well and do protect the structure from cavitation damage; the mean velocity in the outlet of the spillway tunnel is about 14. 4m/s and the energy dissipation rate of the spillway tunnel is about 84. 5% ; while structure vibration and structure dynamic response of the spillway are very small. The prototype observation results indicate that the shaft horizontal vortex spillway tunnel can operate safely.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Pair of flow regulator valves\n- For use with basin pillar taps\n- Restricts maximum water flow rate to 6litres per minute\n- Reduces water consumption and running costs\n- In line with current environmental guidelines\nPlease Note: All sizes are approximate and should be used for guidance only.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Compact 1.5 litre caravan accumulator tank (pressure tank) will fit into a tight space. The accumulator tank will give a smoother water flow, quieter operation, will save your caravan battery power and will extend the life of your water pump. Perfect for fresh or grey water. A must for every caravan set up! Pressure tank comes complete with a T-piece fitting to cut into your existing line and instructions.\nThis quality enamel accumulator tank will hold a store of pressurised water to reduce unnecessary pump cycling, pulsation and water hammer when installed between the pump and the tap. It can also be used to moderate the flow to match your Hot Water Service. It can be fitted to new or existing pump system installations.\nThis accumulator tank is designed for use with any system controlled by a pressure switch.\nYour accumulator tank comes pre-pressurised at 10 PSI ready to use. Your pressure tank can be pressurised by our staff to fully compliment the water pump setup it is going into.\nEG: Your Escaping Outdoors F40 pump operates at 40PSI. We can pressurise the accumulator tank to our recommended 32 PSI to match your pump.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "High Voltage gear oil pump Manufacturers\nHigh Voltage gear oil pump ManufacturersThe production of high-pressure gear oil pump is mainly used in mechanical equipment lubrication system to transport lubricants, lubricants are suitable for transport temperature of less than 300 ℃. Stainless Steel gear pump, can be transported without lubricating oil, beverages, low corrosive liquid. Copper gears can transport gasoline, benzene and other low-inner point liquid. The series of pumps is not only equipped with ordinary motors, but also according to user needs to configure the same specifications of explosion-proof motor.\nHigh-voltage gear oil pumps and shafts are mounted in replaceable bushings for easy operation. When the high pressure gear pump works, the lubrication of each part of the pump can be realized automatically by using the conveying medium. Four bearing sleeves in the pump are mounted on the pump float, and the end gap is automatically adjusted with the working pressure. Therefore, the pump pressure is stable, the output flow pulsation is small, the dissolution efficiency is high.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Residents from Haasendal, Jacarandas and Jagtershof areas can expect water disruptions on Thursday evening through to Friday as the City’s Water and Sanitation Directorate will be doing the replacement of the leaking T-connection on the 450mm diameter water supply pipeline.\nThe City stated that replacement of the leaking T-connection could only be done after the control valve was installed, which is due to the water supply network configuration in the area. The control valve has been installed and the repairs can now proceed.\nResidents are urged to store water upfront in clean, sealed containers for domestic use during this period and to keep their taps closed to prevent any water wastage and/or damage when the water supply is restored. The City added that careful consideration has been given to the planning of the work to minimise the impact on residents.\nPicture: Cape Town ETC gallery", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Six Side Design Of Manifold Blocks\nThe surface of the valve block six sides installed base plane, the inn channel is the arrangement of pore space. Six faces of the block side is the mounting surface constitutes total unit. Typically underside components are not installed as with the tank block stacking or other sandwich location. In engineering practice for easy installation and operation considerations, the valve mounting angle usually is rectangular type.\nHydraulic valve block six sides design ideas (for reference)\nThe top surface of the hydraulic valve block as an overlay joints plane, there are common pressure ports P inlet port, common oil return port O or T, drain port L oil to equipment and four bolt installation holes.\nMounting direction valves, such as solenoid valve, check valve, etc. when the pressure valves and flow valves installed on the right side with no room place, it should be installed in the front, in order to adjust and easily check valve operation.\nMounting valve component, which are not needed to adjusted\nInstalling frequently adjust the components of pressure control valves, such as relief valve, relief valve, sequence valve, flow control valves, such as throttle , speed valve.\nThe actuator output port should be on the left side in addition, external pressure points and other auxiliary ports, such as the accumulator hole, then alternate pressure switch hole and so on.\nThis side is usually not for drilling holes, it is only for the block mounting on its position stable, it can be installed on the oil tank, or other platform. The key of six side design is easily for components screw in or out, especially for valve replacement, maintenance and checking malfunction of the hydraulic system.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This is a high-efficiency, high-reliability, low-noise swash plate axial piston motor for construction machinery.\n|compact design||Achieving compactness by properly arranging the piston motor unit, parking brake,\nand accessory valves\n|Structure optimized for turning||By designing the large mounting flange of the hydraulic motor, it can be directly\nconnected to the ring gear of the turning reducer, contributing to cost reduction.\n|Built-in necessary functions||Realization of built-in relief valves, makeup valves, etc.|\n|Max. displacement [cm3]||79.0||129.2||180.1||250.1|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Related Searches for\n- stem gate valve hydraulic flow control valve water one way flow valve mini flow valve flow meter valve fast flow valve More...\nMinimum Order: OK\nHot flow valve Directory: Recommended flow valve\nDo you want to show flow valve or other products of your own company? Display your Products FREE now!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is car brushless water pump?\nCompared with ordinary water pumps, car brushless water pumps have higher requirements on structure and performance; the working environment of car brushless water pumps is relatively poor, and it must be able to prevent vibration, moisture, and heat, especially for the stability of brushless water pumps for new energy electric vehicles. In addition to higher reliability requirements, the environmental protection and energy saving of the filter water pump must also be considered; the magnet and the impeller of the DC brushless pump are injection molded into one to form the magnetic rotor of the motor, and there is a direct injection molded shaft sleeve in the middle of the rotor. The wear-resistant graphite is fixed in the rotor body, so there is no need for traditional mechanical shaft seals, and no shaft oil is required, so it is completely sealed and leak-proof.\nThe driving force for the rotation of the impeller of the car brushless water pump is the DC brushless motor. The DC brushless motor is the power core of the DC brushless water pump. The DC brushless water pump is powered by the DC brushless motor, so as to realize the conversion of mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The car brushless water pump is an important part of the engine cooling system. Its function is to pump the coolant to make the coolant flow rapidly in the cooling water channel of the engine, so as to take away the heat generated when the engine is working and maintain the normal working temperature of the engine.\nThe impeller is the core of the work of the car brushless water pump. The movement of the impeller itself is very simple, and it just rotates with the magnetic rotor. However, due to the action of the blades, the movement of the liquid in the impeller is very complicated; on the one hand, it is involved in the movement with the rotation of the impeller, and on the other hand, it is continuously thrown out of the rotating impeller under the driving of the blade, that is, the movement relative to the impeller. Therefore, the outer diameter of the impeller, the height and angle of the impeller blades, and the gap between the impeller and the water pump shell directly affect the performance of the water pump. The brushless water pump is the main component of the forced circulation of the vehicle cooling system.\nThe stator and rotor of the car brushless water pump are completely isolated, which completely avoids the liquid leakage problem of the traditional motor-type DC brushless water pump. Moreover, it can be fully submersible and completely waterproof, which effectively improves the service life and performance of the pump. Therefore, the DC brushless water pump does not need water pump bearings, nor does it need to be lubricated with grease, and there are no gaskets and oil seals, which reduces mechanical wear and tear. Reduced power consumption and increased working life.\nhigh pressure water pump for car,12v water pump for car,electric water pump for car,small water pump,water pumps,12v water pump\n- The application of 12V water pump in water heaters\n- 12V water pump improves the comfort and user experience of intelligent toilets\n- 12V water pump assists industrial chillers to achieve efficient cooling effects\n- Small water pump: the core component of automotive cooling system\n- What is a car water pump?\n- What is the hot water recirculation pump?\n- Water heating mattress silent water pump\n- In 2023, Shenpeng will carry out fire drills to ensure the safety of enterprise production\n- DC water pump and AC water pump\n- automotive water pump", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1. Before unpacking and installing the cylinder , check whether the cylinder is damaged during transportation, whether the tie rod nuts or threaded connections at both ends are loose, and remove the protective cover (cap) before installation and use.\n2. When installing the cylinder, it should be noted that the piston rod of the cylinder should not bear eccentric load or lateral load, and the movement direction of the load should be consistent with the axis line of the piston rod. For the connection between the load of the long-stroke cylinder and the piston rod, a movable Y-shaped joint or joint joint. Regardless of any installation form, the cylinder mounting base must have sufficient rigidity.\n3. When the cylinder block is used horizontally, the \"three-point method\" can be used for inspection. First, connect the piston rod to the load. When the piston rod is fully extended, place a level in the middle of the rod to observe the level; secondly, when the piston rod is in the middle position, place a level on the piston rod near the front end cover of the cylinder. Observe the horizontal situation; when the piston rod is fully retracted, there should be no special phenomenon. When the long-stroke cylinder is installed horizontally, in order to prevent the piston rod from sagging and the cylinder barrel from being deformed, appropriate supports must be provided.\n4. For cylinders installed with front and rear flanges and tripods, the bolts should be avoided to directly bear the load of thrust or blocking force.\n5. When using a cylinder with single and double ears at the tail or an intermediate swing cylinder, the position of the connecting pin at the top of the piston rod should be in the same direction as the position of the mounting shaft. There should be a suitable clearance between the single, double ears or swing shaft of the tail and the mounting frame.\n6. After the cylinder is installed, it should be run 2-5 times with the working pressure under no load state, and check whether there is any abnormality at the rear of the cylinder.\n7. Cylinder speed regulation. When there are certain requirements for the speed of the cylinder, the cylinder system must be installed with a one-way throttle valve. In general, if the cylinder is installed horizontally with exhaust throttling, the speed of the cylinder is relatively stable; if the cylinder is installed vertically with air intake throttling, first connect the cylinder to the load, adjust the speed control valve to the middle of the adjustment range, and then adjust the output of the pressure reducing valve. When the cylinder speed is close to the specified speed, it can be determined as the set pressure, and then the speed regulating valve (one-way throttle valve) can be used for fine adjustment.\n8. The adjustable buffer cylinder is adopted, and the buffer regulating valve is fully opened before operation, and then the damping is gradually increased until satisfactory. When adjusting the buffer needle valve, twist the damping clockwise to increase, and twist counterclockwise to decrease the damping.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Question: 1 as the flow begins the flow velocity around the...\n1) As the flow begins, the flow velocity around the artificial restriction ______ (decrease/increases)\n2) Knowing the frequency of the phase shift along with the geometry of the tube provides enough information to determine volume and mass flow measurements. (true/false)\n3) As the flow velocity increases energy usage increases to maintain the desired temperature difference. (true/false)\n4) A predefined temperature difference between the two temperature sensors is maintained by measuring the _____ that occurs when gas is flowing past the heated temperature sensor and compensating for this by adding more heating current.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Waterloo Dam To Be Deflated\nAt the end of September the process to deflate the Cedar River Dam in Waterloo will begin.\nThe City of Waterloo will start the deflation of its downtown dam on the Cedar River on Thursday, September 28th and should be completed in one day. Due to the deflation, river levels upstream will be shallower and anyone on the river should take note of the depth change.\nThe dam is being lowered earlier than normal this year in order to allow for the reconstruction of the parking lot and boat ramp at the Waterloo Boathouse. The parking lot reconstruction is expected to be completed this fall.\nOn the 29th and 30th, the Cedar Valley Paddlers will be moving mussels to deeper water due to the lower river levels. Questions should be directed to Jamie Knutson in the City Engineer’s office, (319) 291-4312.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When choosing peristaltic pumps for pumping corrosive fluids, the key is to select the correct material of the pump pipe. The wrong selection of pump pipe will lead to danger, which may damage equipment and endanger personal safety. Please inquire about the chemical compatibility for each use provided by the pump and tube manufacturer.\nPumps must be tested before using new or unmarked chemicals. Immerse a small section of the pump tube into the fluid. Check the size, color, weight and strength of the pump pipe. If possible, test the pump pipe in the pump before stretching it. The pump pipe will be deflected during extrusion, which will rub chemicals into the pipe wall and accelerate the aging and disintegration of the pipe.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "sump pump drainage ideas hose fittings water discharge landscaping.\nhow to build a french drain with dry well sump pump drainage ideas landscaping.\nsump pump drainage google search ideas hose.\nsump pump drainage ideas drain pipe discharge hoses hose freezing protection for pum.\nsump pump discharge ideas best images on backyard hose drainage landscaping.\ndrain flow engineered french sump pump drainage ideas discharge pipe.\nextend sump pump discharge pipe visit home improvement stores near me now drainage ideas hose neighb.\nlandscape drainage contractor ideas backyard drain trend drains yard sump pump creative dischar.\nsump pump drainage backyard attractive inspiration ideas and yard hose.\nartificial drainage ias ditch backyard sump pump ideas landscaping.\ndrainage solutions sump pump ideas drain pipe.\nsump pump drainage outside outdoor discharge ideas image gallery creative.\nsump pump drainage ideas discharge hose garden rain kit drain pipe.\nsump pump drain pipe about drainage contractor installations french drains surface pumps ideas creativ.\nsump pump line our underground downspout kit gutter drainage system discharge ideas hose image titled.\na gravel bed is one option for diverting sump pump discharge away from the house drainage ideas creative id.\nsump pump forum drainage ideas discharge.\na sump pump discharge line outlet drainage ideas landscaping.\nsump pump discharge ideas contact us below for a free quote hose drain pipe freezing install drainage.\nyard drain cover sump pump drainage ideas and papers writings discharge hose installation replacement repair pipe the line outlet system landsca.\nsump pump drainage ideas winter discharge.\nsump pump line frozen discharge pipe drain house basement waterproofing drainage ideas creative dis.\nhow to install a sump pump outside backyard replace discharge drainage ideas proper w.\nsump pump drainage ideas dry creek bed 0 for discharge drain.\nplants on side of drainage easement sump pump ideas drain pipe.\nsump pump for yard drainage backyard lovely pumps ideas hose.\nsump pump flooding yard drainage discharge ideas lawn pipe french drains.\nsump pumps and how they work home inspector 4 square pump discharge hose drainage ideas landscaping gutter runoff.\nsump pump discharge options ideas image gallery of stunning outside drainage solutions landscaping.\nfrozen sump pump discharge line drainage ideas creative what to do for a.\nsump pump discharge ideas garden exterior interior wonderful drainage to complete hose sum.\nsump pump ice guard basement authority replaced the drainage pipe and discharge line ideas drain.\nsump pump cover ideas on maple cabinet to hide outdoor drainage water discharge a.\nias para con drainage solutions sump pump ideas winter discharge.\nsump pump discharge ideas customer feedback with cover hose drainage landscaping house.\nsump pump drain hose discharge attached images pipe freezing drainage ideas.\noutdoor sump pump installation backyard fresh exterior drainage system kit ideas landscaping install.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Causes and solutions of high oil temperature of hydraulic baling machine\nReasons for high oil temperature of hydraulic baling machine:\n1.Poor heat dissipation; 2. Improper selection of hydraulic oil brand; 3. Improper pressure adjustment; 4. The hydraulic pump is vacuumed; 5. Wear and tear of components\nWhen the oil temperature is too high, it should be timely to deal with. Since excessive oil temperature will cause many problems and adverse consequences, we can take the following measures to solve them:\n- Add water cooling and air cooling hydraulic oil radiator, add two cooling equipment on the hydraulic press, so that it can be useful to reduce the oil temperature of hydraulic oil, regularly arrange water cooling and air cooling equipment.\n- Use standard 46# anti-wear hydraulic oil, do not use low price or poor brand hydraulic oil.\n- Appropriately reduce the operating pressure of the hydraulic station system to prevent excessive system pressure and overload operation of equipment, so that the hydraulic oil through the pump and valve set can reduce the conflict and reduce the temperature.\n- Check the hydraulic components of the equipment regularly, and replace the motor and oil pump with good ones immediately if motor and oil pump are damaged, which can effectively reduce the temperature of hydraulic oil.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There are many different kinds of chemical centrifugal pump, widely used in the chemical pump installation, the valve is a common facilities, in, start centrifugal pump has something to do with the valve, many users find, start the pump should be paid attention to the water pump\n, what is the relationship between the valve?\nA, before starting the centrifugal pump must ensure that two points: 1, will be filled with water in the pump shell, the purpose is to form a vacuum;\n2, must be closed on the outlet pipe gate valve, so the pump not form a flow, can reduce motor starting current, conducive to the smooth operation of the pump and start with the pump start smoothly should slowly open the gate in time.\nSecond, the centrifugal pump startup: why do you want to close the outlet valve?\nCentrifugal pumps at startup, pump export haven't water in the pipeline, so did not exist high resistance, pipeline resistance and ascension in the centrifugal pump starts, the centrifugal pump is very low, traffic is very big, the pump motor (\nOutput is very big,\nAccording to the pump performance curve)\n, it is easy to overload, can make the pump, motor and circuit to damage, therefore starts to close the outlet valve, to make the normal operation of pump.\nCentrifugal water pump is to rely on form the vacuum suction lift water impeller centrifugal force, so the centrifugal pump starts, must first put the outlet valve closed, irrigation.\nWater level more than impeller parts, to vent air from centrifugal pump, can only be started, after start-up, vacuum formed around the impeller, sucked the water up, it can automatically open, the water.\nTherefore, you must close the outlet valve.\nIf use axial-flow pump is contrary, must be open valve starts, the motor power in a short period of time because there is no resistance, large flow operation, often appear pump vibration and noise, even over load operation of the motor, the motor burned.\nClose the outlet valve, pipe resistance pressure is equal to be set, along with the pump running, after a slow start valve, let the pump performance curves along its normal work step by step.\nIn before starting the pump, the pump shell filled with liquid to be delivered;\nStarts, by axis high-speed rotating impeller, the blade between the liquid must also along with the rotation.\nUnder the action of centrifugal force, the liquid from the impeller center was thrown to the outer edge and gain energy, leaving the impeller outer edge at high speed into the volute pump shell.\nLiquid in the volute, due to the widening of flow deceleration, and will be part of the kinetic energy into static pressure can, at a higher pressure into the discharge pipe, sent to the need to place.\nLiquid flow to the outer edge by the impeller center, formed the certain vacuum, in the center of the impeller by the pressure on the top of the holding tank liquid level is greater than the pump pressure, at the entrance of the liquid was continuous pressure into the impeller.\nVisible, as long as constantly rotating impeller, liquid will be overtaken by suction and discharge.\nThree, about the centrifugal pump is a centrifugal pump vane pump, rely on the rotation of the impeller in the rotation process, because of the blade and liquid interaction, blade to mechanical energy to the liquid, the liquid pressure will increase, reach the purpose of conveying fluid.\nCentrifugal pump work has the following characteristics: 1, under a certain speed centrifugal pump pump lift generated by a finite value.\nWorking point flow and shaft power depends on the device connected to the pump system (\nA poor, pressure difference, and line loss)\nHead change according to the traffic.\n2, work stability, continuous conveying, flow and pressure pulsation.\n3, there is no self-priming ability, will need to pump to fill liquid or the pipeline into vacuum before they can begin to work.\n4, centrifugal pump in the discharge line valve closed, vortex pump and axial flow pump start under the valve fully open, to reduce the starting power.\nOther centrifugal pump, start the above said is a centrifugal water pump, for other types of pumps, the situation is as follows: 1, the characteristics of vortex pump start-up & ndash;\nFull open valve to start the vortex pump shaft power when zero flow conditions, for 130% ~ 190% of the rated shaft power, and so are similar to those of axial flow pump, vortex pump start characteristics should be a big traffic start (\nThe full open valve to start)\n2, large axial-flow pump start-up characteristics & ndash;\nFull open valve to start the axial flow pump shaft power when working condition of zero flow, rated shaft power of 140% ~ 200%, high flow rate when the power is small, so small starting current, shaft power start characteristics should be a big traffic start (\nThe full open valve to start)\n3, the characteristics of mixed flow pump start, & ndash;\nFull open valve to start the mixed flow pump shaft power when working condition of zero flow between the above two kinds of pump, is 100% ~ 130% of rated power, so the starting characteristics of mixed flow pump also should be between the above two kinds of pumps, fully open valve.\nJ&T INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. is committed to fulfill the demands of our customers with using water pump\nJ&T INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. is a water pump services company that creates pool cover drain pump water pump for winter cover pump.Our services have brought great value to customers. Welcome to visit us at J&T INDUSTRY.\nIn various different types of pool cover drain pump, winter cover pump water pump is one of the most commonly used.\nWhile buying the products, make sure that you purchase them from a reputed and trusted seller - either online or offline. J&T INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. is specialised in the field of , offering a wide range of products like water pump, pool cover drain pump, winter cover pump,etc.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Yuhi, M., Dang, M.H., Umeda, S., 2013. Comparison of accelerated erosion in riverbed and downstream coast by EOF analysis.\nThis study investigates the long-term variations of sediment volume in an integrated watershed composed of the Tedori River and the Ishikawa Coast, Japan, where both the riverbed and the coast have experienced rapid and serious erosion due to the combined effects of natural and anthropogenic factors. Contemporary data for coastal and riverbed evolution were compiled and compared, and the decadal variations of the seabed and riverbed elevation were examined using a set of field surveys collected over several decades. These topographic data have been analyzed using empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) to determine the coastal responses to the reduction of sediment supply related to the antecedent riverbed erosion. It was shown that the characteristics of volumetric variation could be captured well by the temporal coefficient of the first mode of EOFs. The study area was divided into several sub-regions, and the variations of sediment volume were examined on decadal scales. The correlation between the variations has been discussed in relation to the anthropogenic modification such as the material mining in the river basin and the construction of coastal structures. On the regional scale, the correlation between the river and coastal evolution showed that the anthropogenic modifications in the fluvial basin have led to an accelerated imbalance of the coastal sediment budget, while the modified river regulations and construction of coastal structures have recently mitigated the river and coastal erosion. Several years of time lag were recognized between the riverbed and the coastal erosion.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "An optional feature for the MAR and BOLR Series – thermal bypass and pressure relief features combined in one valve. Temperature bypass is activated (closes) when oil reaches a defined set point of 110° F and allows full oil flow through the heat exchanger. When the oil is cool, the valve is open to allow a partial flow bypass.\nThermostatically activated, these valves route partial, cold oil flow around the heat exchanger to limit backpressure and unwanted cooling of oil during cold start-up situations. When the oil is cold (<110°F, 43°C), the internal valve connection P-T is open directing flow around the cooler with minimum pressure loss and enabling the oil temperature to increase to operating temperature. Once this temperature is reached (>110°F, 43°C), the thermal wax element closes the P-T connection and full flow is directed through the heat exchanger. The integrated pressure relief valve, set at 60 PSI, also helps safeguard the cooler from occasional return-line flow surges.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "HYDRAULIC CYLINDER ASSEMBLY\nThe hydraulic cylinder assembly (fig. 4-8) is\nconnected to the operation control assembly. The\nhydraulic cylinder assembly is actuated by pressurized\nhydraulic fluid to open and close the steam valve\nassembly. When pressurized fluid is applied to port E,\nthe piston moves to the opposite end of the cylinder to\nopen the steam valve. The rate of movement of the\npiston is faster at the beginning of the stroke, because of\nFigure 4-7.Launch valve operation control assembly.\nFigure 4-8.Launch valve hydraulic cylinder.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Port-a-Pond Water Tank\nCost Effective Temporary Bulk Water Storage\nNeed temporary bulk liquid storage? GEI Works is excited to offer portable water tank solutions for sale to those seeking temporary bulk water storage. If you're looking for a temporary water holding tank or frac tank, our Port-a-Pond water tank can save you tens of thousands of dollars. GEI Works' water tanks are for large volume containment and can be accommodated to store any liquid necessary for your application. Call us at 1-772-646-0597 for more information on Port-a-Pond bulk water storage.\nPortable Water Tank Advantages\n- Low-cost temporary storage\n- Can accomodate a wide range of liquid\n- Low environmental risk\n- Portable and reusable\n- Easy installation – no heavy equipment required\n- Polypropylene exterior, weather/UV resistant\nPort-a-Pond Bulk Liquid Storage\nDesigned for maximum strength and the unique demands of bulk liquid storage, our Port-a-Pond water tanks are engineered for success. Portable water tanks are easy to install, deconstruct, and be moved. Our water holding tanks are assembled by connecting 6 foot long sections that fit together securely. Each section is 4 feet tall, light weight, and can be installed without heavy equipment. After the tank is set up, the walls are filled with water for strength and stabilization. Water tank sizes range from 30,000 gallon capacity to 200,000 gallon capacity.\nWhen you purchase water tanks through GEI Works, custom liners can also be provided to line the water tank to safely store your liquid. Liner fabrics vary and will be different depending on the liquid you are containing. Covers are available upon request.\nCommon Temporary Water Storage Applications and Uses\n- Cooling water containment\n- Process water storage\n- Allowing water retention time\n- Extended flow path\n- Dredging projects\n- Servicing ponds and small water bodies\n- Water contamination containment\n- Liquid storage during tank rehabilitation\n- Bulk storage during pipeline repair\n- Fracking liquid storage\nGEI Works portable water tanks can be easily dismantled, stacked, and transported to the next destination. The curved foot at the bottom of each tank section ensures maximum pressure mitigation so the tank stays secure throughout your entire application. Each side of the water holding tank also features a drain valve to quickly empty the tank. Contact us to purchase water tanks through GEI Works for cost effecitve water storage solutions.\nLooking for other liquid storage options?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Beaver Brook Dam (CT 00085), Housatonic River Basin, Milford, Connecticut. Phase I Inspection Report.\nCORPS OF ENGINEERS WALTHAM MA NEW ENGLAND DIV\nPagination or Media Count:\nThe dam was originally constructed of rubble masonry with upstream and downstream earth embankments. In 1928 the dam was reconstructed by removing the upstream earth embankment, constructing a 3-12-ft. concrete facing on the upstream face and a concrete cap on the crest, and constructing a new concrete spillway and brick gatehouse. The dam has a maximum height of 17 feet. The spillway is located in the center of the dam and is 20 feet wide and 2 feet below the crest of the dam. Ledge was exposed in the spillway channel. The dam appeared to be in good condition, with only some minor concrete spalling along the crest and lower training wall. The capacity of the impoundment between the dam and U.S. Route 1 is about 11 Acre-Feet. Failure of the dam would release only this lower portion of the impoundment as the highway embankment is unlikely to fail. There is ample storage capacity in the downstream reach to dissipate the flood wave from a failure of Beaver Brook Dam.\n- Hydrology, Limnology and Potamology\n- Civil Engineering", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The level of water in the Saptakoshi River has started fluctuating lately. Earlier, there was a rise in the water’s level flowing incessant rains in the eastern hilly and Terai districts.\nThis morning, the flow of water in the river was measured at 214,745 cusecs per second and the measurement was taken at 7:00 am at the Koshi Barrage, according to District Police Office, Sunsari’s Deputy Superintendent of Police Narendra Kumar Karki.\nThe previous measurement taken at 6:00 am showed the water flow at 211,225 cusecs per second. Though rain has stopped lately, fluctuations have been noticed in the flow of water and 28 sluice gates along the barrage have been opened, according to DSP Karki.\nIt may be noted that on Sunday, the water’s flow in the river was measured ever highest of the year. It had reached 274,005 cusecs per second, prompting the Barrage Management to open 38 gates.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Author: Huan Machinery Publish Time: 2021-01-04 Origin: Huan Machinery Inquire\nDaily maintenance for extrusion blow molding machine\n1.A plasticizing system\nThe gearbox needs regular oil change. 150 (or 220) medium extreme pressure industrial gear oil is selected. The new machine will use 500 hours for oil change, and then the oil will be changed every 3000 hours.When the machine just stops working and the gear box is still at a high temperature, change the oil. After the old oil is discharged, flush the sediment with a small amount of new oil, clean the filter of lubricating oil pump, and then fill the new oil to 1/2~2/3 of the liquid level window.\n2. Maintenance of special hydraulic system for wall thickness control\nRegular oil changes: 46 # anti-wear hydraulic oil hydraulic system is usually recommended to choose, xinji used after 500 hours, suggest the first oil change, and then once every 3000 hours in oil, oil change at the same time clean all filters (oil suction filter, high pressure filter, oil filter, servo valve seat filter) and tank, oil for liquid level gauge 1/2 ~ 2/3.\n3. hydraulic system\nRegular oil change: The hydraulic system is usually recommended to use 46# anti-wear hydraulic oil. After the new machine is used for 500 hours, it is recommended to change the oil for the first time, and then change the oil once a year (the oil quality is different, the oil change cycle may be different). When changing the oil, clean the filter and oil tank at the same time, and the oil amount is 1/2~2/3 of the level meter\n4. Regular injection of extreme pressure lubrication oil\nThe mold shifting and opening and closing mechanisms operate frequently and move quickly, so automatic or manual lubrication devices are provided, but the lubricating grease in the lubricating device should also be checked and filled regularly.This can improve and prolong the service life of the machine, and bring better economic benefits for you.Oil the sliding rail separately once a week;The other parts of the shift once per shift the waterway\n5.When the shutdown time is long and the temperature is low, the mold water channel, machine cooler, machine barrel cooling, mold head cooling water and other water channel cooling parts.To clean up the cooling water to prevent the long time structure or freeze crack.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Earlier in the day, four gates had been closed. This means, total four gates closed so far.\nNotably, the dam had been releasing excess floodwater through four gates for the last three days. As rainfall discontinued and some improvements were marked, eight gates were closed, said authorities.\nEarlier in the morning, SRC PK Jena had in Bhubaneswar had hinted about closure of gates based on water level.\nAfter closure of eight gates, the dam is releasing 5,45,471 cusec floodwater through 32 gates, 24 on the left side and eight on the right.\nThe water level of the reservoir stood at 623.91 ft by afternoon, against its water holding capacity of 630 ft.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Logicwall M can operate without distinction single-phase pumps up to 2 HP or 230V three-phase pumps up to 3 HP.\nLogicwall T can control three-phase 400V pumps up to 3 HP.\nVaries the number of motor revolutions of the pump depending to the water withdrawal from the system in order to maintain constant pressure and flow rate.\nStops the pump in case of water shortage and protects it from dry running.\nStandardly supplied with a 16 bar pressure sensor.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- All Products\n- Water Boosting Pumps\n- Draper 98921 Deep Water Submersible Well Pump With Float Switch (1000W)\nDraper Submersible Water Pumps\nFor use in areas where a large head height or high pressure is required. Will pump up to 15M deep. Fitted with thermal overload protection and a float switch which automatically turns the pump off when the water level has dropped. 15M (approx.) cable and approved plug.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Cash Acme In-Line Check Valve is a general purpose, NSF-61 certified check valve. The check valve effectively prevents the reverse flow of water through a water line. The check valve combines a spring loaded design with an NBR seat to create a bubble tight shut off.\nDomestic water lines\n1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1-1/4, 1-1/2, and 2", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The most common method for influencing the behavior of chemical processes is through the flow rate of process streams. Usually, a variable resistance in the closed conduit or pipe is manipulated to influence the flow rate and achieve the desired process behavior. A valve with a variable opening for flow is the standard equipment used to introduce this variable resistance; the valve is selected because it is simple, reliable, relatively low cost and available for a wide range of process applications. In some cases the valve resistance is set by a person adjusting the opening, like a home faucet. In many cases the valve resistance is determined by an automatic controller, with the valve designed to accept and implement the signal sent from the controller. These are control valves. A multitude of commercial control valves are available; so the goal of this section is to describe the key features of common valves and provide guidance on proper selection and sizing.\nof flow control through a restriction in a pipe are presented in textbooks on\nfluid mechanics (e.g., Janna, 1993) and are briefly summarized here with reference\nto the example system in Figure 7 taken from Marlin (2000). Naturally,\nthe total pressure drop along the pipe after the valve is the sum of the individual\npressure drops, as given in the following equation.\nTotal pressure drop relationship for pressure downstream of the valve\nAs we know the resistance to fluid flow increases as the flow rate increases. Also, the source of the high pressure, here a pump, may be influenced by the flow rate; in this case, the pump head decreases as the flow increases. The relationship between the pressures at the inlet and exit of the valve are shown in Figure 7, and the required pressure drop across the valve is shown as DPv. Therefore, any desired flow from 0 to 110% of the design valve can be achieved by adjusting the valve opening to provide the required resistance to flow, DPv. For the example in Figure 7, when the flow is 80% of design, the valve pressure drop is about 40 psi, which can be achieved by adjusting the valve opening for flow to the proper value.\nFigure 7. Example flow network with valve pressure drop.\nNote that energy is required to raise the stream pressure to P1 is \"lost energy\". Therefore, efficient design minimizes the valve pressure drop while providing sufficient variable resistance for good flow regulation. Theoretically, a control valve would not be needed if the supply pressure, in Figure 7 this is P1, could be varied. Variable speed electrical motors to drive pumps are available for liquid systems, but the added cost and lower efficiencies of these pumps has resulted in the control valve remaining the standard choice for regulating liquid flow (Bauman, 1981). Variable speed steam turbines to drive compressors are commonly applied for gas systems; thus, two methods for adjusting flow in gas systems are common in the process industries: these are:\nmanipulating the supply pressure (by the speed of the compressor or pump) and\nmanipulating the variable flow resistance (by a control valve).\nWe will concentrate on control valves, which are the overwhelming choice for flow control in the process industries.\n|Select this button to be directed to a site on the WWW for an interesting industrial perspective on the importance of valves in process performance|\n|To read a short introduction to control valves, including discussions of rotary and linear valves, select this button to be directed to a site on the WWW.|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The FD50-45 is a screw-in cartridge, spool type flow divider/combiner valve. It provides pressure compensated proportional division of inlet flow or combining of two return flows regardless of system operating pressure conditions. The valve provides synchronizing flow in dividing and combining modes. The valve is intended for use in mineral based or synthetic hydraulic fluids with lubricating properties.\n- Hardened parts for long life.\n- Quiet, modulated response.\n- Wide operating flow range.\n- Synchronizing in dividing and combining modes.\n- Floating cage — high installation torque.\n- Industry-common cavity.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:\n|Title:||Mini-hydroelectric power plant||Authors:||BOSTAN, Ion\n|Keywords:||hydroelectric, power plant||Issue Date:||2021||Abstract:||\nThe mini-hydroelectric power plant is intended for the production of electricity by transforming the flow (kinetic) energy of water into electricity with increasing conversion efficiency.\nThe micro-hydropower plant includes a platform, connected to the shore. A vertical axis rotor is installed on the platform with the blades installed asymmetrically on the axles and self-adjusting to the water currents by means of weather vanes. When the water currents flow on the surface of the blade, a hydraulic force is unevenly distributed on the two sides of the blade due to the offset installation of the axle. This technical solution allows to increase the efficiency of converting the kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy by reducing power losses when reorienting the blades.\n|Appears in Collections:||01-Gold Medals|\nShow full item record\nFiles in This Item:\n|Euroinvent_2021_Gold_Dulgheru V..pdf||286 kB||Adobe PDF||View/Open|\nItems in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Detailed hydraulic cylinders Working pressure:16Mpa ISO9001:2000 Reliable quality hydraulic cylindersOur company was founded in 1984.We have more than 20 years experience for making cylinders.We have passed ISO9001:2000 certificated.\nDetailed similar to ENERPAC the hydraulic cylinders are widely used in power generation, ship building, railway,still mills and so on Cylinder ModelPressure@700bar ton(KN)Stroke(mm)Capacity(ton)Effective area(cm2)Oil capacity(cm3) Closed Height(mm)Extending height(mm)O.\nDetailed hydraulic jack Red hydraulic jack with standard export package Hydraulic jack . Model: Hydraulic bottle jack /hydraulic jack / jack / jack stand / power jack / air bottle jack 2. The jack capacity: From 2T to 100T 3. The power jack is mini height: 148mm-340mm 4. The car jack man heigh.\nDetailed Tandem hydraulic bending machine much large size double machine, 4 cylinders Tandem hydraulic press brake, hydraulic bending machine,press brake,bending machine 1 Use tow or more than tow WC67Y series machines,providing duplex linked or multiplex sy.\nDetailed Hydraulic cylinder: double acting for push and pull Double acting hollow plunger cylinders combine all of the design features a single role and the way the superiority of the role of design to enhance the operation and use of speed, especially in a long journey operations can take advantag.\nDetailed the hydraulic cylinders are similar to ENERPAC models cylinder capacity (ton):50 - 1000 stroke:50- 300mm pressure:700 bar Mechanical nut locking hydraulic cylinder combines the functions of the other cylinder, cylinder mechanical bearing security is suitable for the Pistons continued .\nDetailed AGC hydraulic cylinders.\nDetailed Its design had registed in patent, its key hydraulic cylinders technology came from Germany, named diameter direction pump Product numbernametypeRated output(Mpa)Weight(kg)5004Standing type hydraulic pumpA70MPa15.2.\nDetailed Double rack swing cylinders.\nDetailed CRL-6300 two post lift Dual hydraulic cylinders ensure steady lifting and lowering CE approval Italy seal kits of cylinder CRL-6300 two post lift 1) 4T lifting capacity2) Symmetric arm structure 3) Automatic arm restraints 4) Dual hydraulic cylinders ensure steady lifting and lowering.\nDetailed TLT235SCA Clear Floor Two Post car Lift(auto lift) Rated Capacity: 3.5Ton Dual hydraulic cylinders drive, stable lifting TLT235SCA Clear Floor Two Post car Lift: Feature Dual hydraulic cylinders drive, stable lifting and lowering.\nDetailed 1.Single-acting hydraulic cyliderder: 2.Lifting capacity:5-100T 3.Lifting Height:16-364mm 4.Max working pressure:70MPa 1.Single-acting hydraulic cyliderder:2.Lifting capacity:5-100T3.Lifting Height:16-364mm4.\nDetailed Its design had registed in patent, its key hydraulic cylinders technology came from Japan, named diameter direction pump Product numbernametypeRated output(Mpa)Weight(kg)0049hydraulic pumpDYB-6370MPa30.\nDetailed 6 Ton hydraulic bottle jacks packed in blow case typical red color,fluent frame of the jacks. 6 Ton hydraulic bottle jackshydraulic bottle jack with stable quality, 100 degree high temperature test.\nDetailed 1.Lift Capacity 4T 2.two post car lift 3.Lift Europe CE 4.auto lift Type: Double Cylinder Hydraulic Lift Launch Economical Floorplate TLT240SB2-post auto Lift(car lift)- Rated Capacity: 4TonDual hydraulic cy Feature:Dual hydraulic cylinders drive.\nDetailed 1) Asymmetric clear floor design 2) Dual hydraulic cylinders ensure steady lifting Clear floor design makes easy working under beneath the vehicle.Manual release from two sidesDual cylinders with Italian combination seals.Aluminum motor prevents overheated.24V control system.24V limit.\nCopyright © 2010 Wholesale lots. All rights reserved. Contact Us:firstname.lastname@example.org\nProcessed in 0.084 second(s)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "New Outfall Bridge Structures At Bonneville Dam - 1. Introduction\nOrganization: Deep Foundations Institute\nJan 1, 2001\nNew high and low double outfall bridge structures for a juvenile fish bypass system have been constructed on the Washington Shore approximately two miles downstream from the Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. The high and low outfalls each extend approximately 400 feet into the river from the Washington shore and are designed to release juvenile salmon into the river at above-water discharge elevations for improved survival rates. The two outfall structures include post-tensioned concrete double box flume girders approximately 7 feet high by 13 feet wide, which will be submerged in river flows as high as 15 feet per second. Each of the 6 offshore foundation piers is composed of a single 10-foot diameter reinforced concrete drilled shaft with a permanent steel casing embedded into the river bottom approximately 100 feet. Challenging outfall design conditions included designing the entire structures to be submerged for long periods of time in 15-feet-per-second river water flow with a 60-foot cantilever at the end of each outfall, and with the superstructure 70 to 80 feet above the river bottom. Figures 1-1,1-2, and 1-3 show the high and low outfall structure overhead photos and elevation view.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "need to write energy equation, considering pump and you have to guess your volumetric flow rate by using chart (b) and equation found. Then you can find the pump power requirement by using efficiency of pump, stated in chart (b).\nOutput power (Pout)\nPout = ṁgH = ρgQH\nwhere: ρ is fluid density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, Q is the volumetric flow rate, H is the pump head, ṁ is the mass flow rate.\nLeave a comment", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Read the Latest ShinMaywa Water Pump Reviews at Water Pumps Direct.\nCompare ShinMaywa Water Pump Ratings or Write Your Own Review.\nShinMaywa Water Pump Reviews\n1 to 4 (of 4)\nReceive Weekly How-To Tips & Specials\nWater Pumps Direct has a wide assortment of ShinMaywa water pump reviews and ShinMaywa water pump rating. Compare ShinMaywa water pump consumer reports and rate ShinMaywa water pumps. Read product reviews and comparisons to find the ShinMaywa Water Pump that's right for you.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "S E C T I O N S\nC O N T E N T S\nAbout UsFind out who we are\nFor the latest news and updates\nSinotech have been involved in constructing physical and numerical models for numerous pump station inlet\nstructures and inlet towers\nDescription of model\nBerg River Consultants\nBerg River Project - Water supply to Cape Town, South Africa. Outlet works. (Flow rate = 220 m³/s) Scale – 1:20\nResolving the failure of the Paris Dam inlet works: Vortex formation and pressure fluctuations in the inlet pipes\nModel study of the Maguga dam regulating weir – Stabilisation of the releases\nModel study of the Vortex Protection Measures at Vereeniging Pump Station (ER 2), Filter House 2 suction manifold (Flow in manifold between 3,4 and 4,0 m³/s). Scale - 1:13,5\nGrootfontein Pump station in South Africa, (Flow per pump = 2,1 m³/s – four pumps). Scale - 1:6,5\nProblems were experienced since the commissioning of the pump station. The high wear on the pumps has been investigated before and model studies have previously been conducted to determine the\nprobable factors that contributed to the pump failures.\nThis model study investigated the following: oEvaluate the flow regime in the vertical shaftoInvestigate the pre-rotation at the pumpsoEvaluate the influence of proposed remedial works to the\nvertical shaft to improve the pump operation.\nAshkelon Seawater Pump station, Israel. (Flow per pump = 2,4 m³/s, five pumps modelled). Scale 1:8\nIn a pump station the three-dimensional flow regime in the sump can influence the efficiency of the pump and might even endanger its long-term operation. These flow conditions can be evaluated by\nconducting a model study with the objective to:•Evaluate the flow regime and vortex formation tendency in the screen and pump sumps •Evaluate the rotational characteristics of the flow as\nit enters the pump and•Investigate the velocity distribution in the pump shaft.\nSheikh Zayed Pump Station in Egypt, (Flow per pump = 8,5 m³/s – 7 pumps). Scale 1:10\nThe client has requested that a model study had to be performed with the objective to:o Evaluate the flow regime and vortex tendency in the pump sumpo Investigate the formation of vortices\no Evaluate the influence of the turning vanes on the inlet flow conditions and the velocity profile in the pump.\nChanza Pump Station in Spain, (Flow per pump = 3,33 m³/s – 6 pumps). Scale 1:11,5. These pumps are vertical risers with a double entry\nNumerical and physical modelling of discontinuity requirements under an air valve for effective de-aeration performed in collaboration with the CFD lab of the University of Pretoria\nKnight Piésold Consulting Engineers\nHydraulic assessment of the spillway and energy dissipation of the Neckertal Dam - Namibia\nHydroAfrica, Maputo - Mozambique\nUmbelusi pump station - solving the cavitation induced conditions upstream from the pump inlets\nPlease contact our Webmaster with questions or comments. © Copyright 2017 Sinotech CC. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "WESTON Weston has restored normal water service to its 300-plus city customers after a mudslide ripped out a section of the main water line Saturday, July 28.\nThe city flowed water at low pressure to its customers from the Smith Frozen Foods, Inc. well until the repairs were made. The mudslide was caused by a leaking 14 inch Smith Frozen Foods, Inc. pipe.\nAccording to Weston Police Sgt. Joshua Henningsen, the water pipes were installed about 40 years ago. There are an estimated 13,000 feet of pipe on the main line with over 760 fittings. During the summer, daily water flow through the system is approximately 200,000 gallons.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Seismic response analysis of tailing dam foundation on discontinuous rock masses and counter measure design\nSasaki, Takeshi*; Koshigai, Masaru*; Horikawa, Shigeo*; Fukushima, Shigeru ; Ohara, Yoshiyuki\nThe authors report an earthquake response analysis of a tailing dam with the foundation of the jointed rock masses. The non-linear deformation characteristics of the rock joints are assumed the combination of different angle of joint sets as Multiple Yield Model introduced by Sasaki et al. (1994). The geology of dam foundation of granite is classified as CH, CM, CL and D with two joint sets. The vertical and the horizontal angle of joints are combined in the granite. The height of the tailing dam is 10 meters and the width is 30 meters. The water gathering basin is constructed in front of the dam to collects the leakage water throw the rock joints of dam foundation with gravity type retaining wall. The input earthquake motion is assumed the several faults existing around the dame site were moved and the wave motions is calculating the statistic green function theory (Irikura et al.,1991). The non-linear deformation of joint of the normal and the shear direction are both depends on of the confining pressure presented by Bandis et al. (1981) and Kulhawy (1975), respectively. The two section models of the flowing down direction are analyzed by finite element method as the present state and the measures state. Collapse of the water gathering basin is fear misgivings by the earthquake motions. Therefore, in order to control of the collapse of water gathering basin with gravity type retaining wall, the additional new small gravity dam will be planed in front of the gravity wall. And section of the orthogonal axes of the dam is analyzed. According to the results, the tailing dam is sound, and the water gathering basin with gravity type wall is collapsed. And the additional small gravity dam considering counter measures is sound and the acceleration at the gravity type wall is one/ third reduction compare with non-counter measures. Therefore, the effect of the additional small gravity dam is very well for the strong earthquake in this analysis.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Busalla - Italy\nPHASE 1: Acquedotto Nicolay S.p.A. - Genoa PHASE 2-3: Mediterranea delle Acque S.p.A.\n1965-1986 / 1991-2002 / 2005-2008\nDescription for Busalletta Dam (Italy)\nDam built to provide a\nreservoir for the urban water supply of Genoa.\nThe concrete gravity dam is a special structure on deformable foundations.\n- Gravity dam ( H = 50 m, L = 222 m, V = 155'000 m³ )\n- Spillway on dam crest ( Q = 230 m³/s )\n- Bottom outlet ( Q = 50 m³/s, L = 211 m, D = 2.4 m )\n- Preliminary design\n- Final design\n- Supervision of construction (with full technical responsibility)\n- Consultancy during trial impounding and operation\n- Preliminary and Final design of the outlet works\n- Supervision of Construction\n- Preliminary design for reservoir augmentation\nMontedoglio Dam (Italy)\nMontedoglio dam has suffered some damages at the...\nDankel Multi-Purpose Project (Eritrea)\nMulti-purpose project (underground hydropower plant, water supply, etc.) for...\nPorto Romano Multi-Purpose Project (Italy)\nYacht Harbour is on the right side of the Tevere River floodplain, about 1 km...\nTana Beles Multi-Purpose Project (Ethiopia)\nThe ambitious Tana Beles project was located in the Metekel district of...\nArda Cascade (Bulgaria)\nHydropower cascade including the existing plants of Karjali (IP = 106 MW),...\nMulembo-Lelya Hydropower (Zambia)\nMulembo-Lelya is a hydropower project located...\nBatoka Gorge Hydropower (Zambia/Zimbabwe)\nThe prestigious project of Batoka Gorge, with...\nRio Grande Hydropower (Argentina)\nHydroelectric Plant with Pumped Station.\nLusaka Aqueduct (Zambia)\nLusaka project including domestic water supply pipeline for the city of...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "mechanical water pump mechanical water pump high volume mechanical water pump water pump flow rate chart mechanical water pump mechanical water pump gpm.\njacuzzi water pump hot tub spa pump assembly c hot tub water pump.\nagricultural water pump gasoline motor agricultural irrigation water pump price list agricultural water pumping machine.\npump to remove water from pool pumps to remove water how to remove a water pump pulley best pump to remove water pumps to remove water pump to remove water from behind pool liner.\npond water pump this compact filter unit with integrated technology and pump guarantees clear healthy pond water and can be set up completely and inconspicuously in fish pond water pump for sale phili.\nzoeller water powered sump pump liberty pumps water powered backup sump review battery free basement protection pump that sump zoeller 503 home guard max water powered emergency sump pump.\nrv water pump check valve check valve water pump water pump foot valve well foot valve threaded brass foot valve brass rv water pump check valve leaking.\ngrundfos circulating pump for water heater circulating pump for water heater the benefits of owning a water heater circulating pump grundfos circulating pump for tankless water heater.\n2003 chevy tahoe water pump how to replace heater hose connectors 2003 chevy suburban 53 water pump.\n2007 dodge ram 1500 water pump the old water pump gets tossed and the new water pump gets prepped for installation with 2007 dodge ram 1500 47 water pump.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Most Popular Product\n|Home||» Products||» butterfly valves|\nBased on their design, these Butterfly Valves can be used under different working conditions where abrasion, exposure to harsh chemical and low temperature is common occurrence. Available in different specifications, these metal valves are equipped with bolt holes around its diameter for trouble free attachment with pipe flanges. Light in weight, these valves are light in weight. Compact shape, open port based structure, excellent high pressure recovery performance, low pressure drop rate and high flow co efficiency level are the main features of Butterfly Valves. Application of these valves can be noticed in waste water treatment plants, power generation plants, chemical and oil processing plants.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The composition of the small house lift:\n- Power system: hydraulic pump station\n- Lifting device: hydraulic cylinder, pulley block, and steel wire rope\n- Passenger (cargo) carrying device: car\n- Guiding device: guide rail\n- Control System\nThe small house lift have the following characteristics:\n- There is no need to set up a machine room with high requirements and costs above the shaft.\n- The computer room is set flexibly. The hydraulic transmission system relies on the oil pipe to transmit power so that the machine room can be arranged within 5m away from the shaft\nThe area occupied by the computer room is only 4-5 square meters.\n- The requirement of shaft structure strength is low. Due to the vertical load, such as the self-weight and load of the hydraulic elevator car, all of them act on the shaft through the hydraulic cylinder\nOn the foundation, the requirement of building performance on the top of the shaft is low.\n- Good safety and high reliability.\n- Large load capacity. The hydraulic elevator lifts the car based on the principle of a hydraulic jack. Multiple oil cylinders can be used to lift the car at the same time\n- Low noise. The hydraulic system can be set far away from the shaft to isolate the noise source.\nUse and maintenance\nFor the hydraulic small house lifts, the structure is simple, and the failure rate is low.\nIt is convenient for rescue. When the hydraulic elevator goes down, it is driven by the pressure generated by its own weight. In case of power failure or failure, it only needs to open the emergency drop valve. Visit us now!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Publication number||US3739810 A|\n|Publication date||Jun 19, 1973|\n|Filing date||Dec 9, 1971|\n|Priority date||Dec 9, 1971|\n|Publication number||US 3739810 A, US 3739810A, US-A-3739810, US3739810 A, US3739810A|\n|Original Assignee||Jacuzzi Bros Inc|\n|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|\n|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (16), Classifications (13), Legal Events (3)|\n|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|\nWnited States Patent 1 Horan, Jr.\n[ 1 June 19, 1973 PRESSURE CONTROLLED WATER SYSTEM WITH ISOLATABLE PRESSURE SWITCH  lnventor: Raymond E. Horan, Jr., Little Rock,\n[ 7 3] Assignee: Jacuzzi Bros., Incorporated, Little Rock, Ark.\n Filed: Dec. '9, 1971 ] Appl. No.: 206,310\n US. Cl. 137/568, 417/38  Int. Cl. E03b 11/16, F04b 1 1/00  Field of Search 137/568; 417/30,\n References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,141,475 7/1964 Guinard et al 137/568 3,150,684 9/1964 Guinard et al 137/568 3,394,733 7/1968 Vacuzzi 137/568 3,572,381\n3/l971 Nash 137/568 Primary Examiner-William RQCline Att0rnpy-Edward Brosler 57 7 ABSTRACT A water system with a pressure controlling valve, includes a pressure switch responsive to full closing of said valve to disconnect the pump in the system, and having its cut-in responsive pressure set sufficiently close to the cutout pressure, to assure delivery to service at pressure which is indistinguishably constant.\n4 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures Patented June 19, 1973 3,739,810\n2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 2\nINVENTOK RAYMOND E. HORAN, JR.\nBug/M M ATTORNEY Patented June 19, 1973 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.\nATTORNEY G. P M.\nPRESSURE CONTROLLED WATER SYSTEM WITH ISOLATABLE PRESSURE SWITCH The present invention relates to Water Systems and more particularly to pressure control in such systems, and is particularly related to the automatic water system forming the subject matter of patent application Ser. No. 28,637, filed'Apr. 25, 1970 for TANKLESS AUTOMATIC WATER SYSTEM.\nThe system of the aforementioned Nash application is self starting in response to opening of a service line, and the pump continues pumping and meeting the demands of service, so long as service demands are in effect. Upon closing of the service line, the resulting increase in pressure is then coupled into a pressure switch which disconnects the pump motor to shut down the system.\nIn such system, the pump pressure varies with load, in accordance with the pressure head curve of the pump used, and it might at times exceed a pressure at lower flow rates, which might adversely afiect components in such systems, which are not designed to withstand such pressures.\nAmong the objects of the present invention are:\n1. To provide a novel and improved water system.\n2. To provide a novel and improved water system of the tankless type in which service pressure can never reach the full pressure capacity of the pump supplying the water in such system, throughout the high pressure portion of the pump head curve.\n3. To provide a novel and improved water system wherein the service pressure remains substantially the same throughout the useful portion of the pump discharge capacity and particularly throughout the lower flow rates of the system, so long as the service demand does not exceedthe capacity of the pump.\n4. To provide a novel and improved water system wherein the service pressure remains substantially the same regardless of the service demand, within the capacity of the pump to supply such service.\nAdditional objects of the invention will be brought out in the following description of a preferred embodiment of the same, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein,\nFIG. 1 is a view depicting a water system embodying the present invention; t\nFIG. 2 is a view in section through a'valve assembly constituting an important component in the system combination of FIG. 1;\nFIG. 3, 4 and 5 are fragmentary enlarged views depicting a feature in the functioning of the valve assembly of FIG. 2; and\nFIG. 6 is a graph depicting the manner in which the system fucntions to alter the head capacity curve of the pump in accomplishing the purpose of the present invention.\nReferring to the drawings for details of the invention in its preferred form, the system as illustrated involves a pump 1 of the submersible type driven by a motor 3 coupled thereto, the pump and motor being submerged below water level 5 in a well 7 and discharging through a discharge line 9 to a point above ground level 1 l. The water thus discharged, enters a service line 13, from which others may branch off, each terminating in a closed srvice valve 15, which may be a spigot or equivalent.\nA switch means assembly including a pressure switch 19 connected in circuit with the pump motor, and a variable pressure device 21 installed in the service line, is responsive to the opening of the service line, to cause the pump to start and immediately deliver water to service at substantially a constant pressure, depending on the rate of flow of water to service.\nThe pressure switch may be any one of a conventional type normally employed in water pressure systems to control the pumping cycles of the pump, and the variable pressure device involves an expansible tube 23 of any elastic material disposed in a protective housing 25, this expansible tube being flow connected to the service line, and pressure connected via the water in the system, to the pressure switch by way of a valve assembly 29, such as depicted in detail in FIG. 2, which is installed intermediate the pump dishcarge line and the service line.\nThe capacity of the variable pressure device 21 is suf ficiently small as to respond to the opening of a service line and quickly drop the pressure therein to the lower pressure setting of the pressure switch at each opening of the service line. Thus the pump will function in response to the opening of a service line for essentially each and every demand from service.\nAs thus far described, except for the valve assembly of FIG. 2, the system incorporates features of the system illustrated and described in the application Ser. No. 28,637, filed Apr. 15, 1970, for Tankless Automatic Water System, the valve assembly of FIG. 2 introducing into the system certain marked features and advantages not realizable in the prior system.\nThe valve assembly involves a valve body 33 having open ends 35, 37, the pump discharge line being connected at one end 35 and the service line to the other end 37, the valve body including an enlarged midsection traversed by a partition 39 including a horizontal section which is provided with a main valve opening 41.\nIn line with this valve opening, is an opening 43 above in the upper wall of the housing.\n-A valve 45 adapted to close this partition opening from below, is provided with a valve stem 47 extending upwardly through the upper opening. This valve stem terminates in an enlargement 49 at its upper end, which is slidably sealed with respect to adjacent surrounding wall by an O-ring 51.\nWhile the partition itself may serve as the valve seat for such valve, and the wall of the upper opening as the wall with respect to which the stem enlargement is slidably sealed, I prefer to install a cylindrical insert 53 slidably fitting at its lower end into the valve opening in the partition and threadedly secured in the wall of the upper opening, the lower end of this insert providing a seat 55 for the main valve, while the interior cylindrical wall surface of the insert permitting a sliding fit of the stem extension as sealed by the O-ring.\nIn the closed position of the valve, the valve stern defines with the sleeve, a chamber 57, access to which from the pump discharge line, is provided through an opening 59 in the sleeve.\nAt its upper end, the sleeve terminates in a diaphragm support rim 61 of increased diameter, between which and a spring housing 63 is clamped a diaphragm 67 of expandable material, which in turn is affixed at its center to the enlarged end of the valve stem, by a flat head screw 69.\nAn established pressure is maintained on the diaphragm and valve stem by a compression spring 71 installed within the spring housing, between the diaphragm screw and an adjusting screw 73 extending through the upper end of the spring housing, to enable adjustment of the spring pressure against the valve stem and thereby determine maximum service pressure.\nThe main valve structurally involves a valving disc 75 of resilient compressible material of low durometer, surrounding a depending threaded extension 77 of the valve stem, and retained in its installed position by a backing disc 79 threaded onto this valve stem extension.\nThe diaphragm defines the upper wall of a chamber 80 which is placed in communication with the service line connection to the valve assembly, by means of a passageway 81 extending axially upwardly through the valve stem to the enlarged end thereof, where its direction is changed to cause it to emerge at a point above the O-ring seal.\nIn the lower wall of the valve assembly housing, is an opening 83 connecting interiorly of the service line side of the housing by a small passageway 85 terminating within the housing in a valve seat 87 directly below and in line with the valve stem passageway. To the housing at this opening 83 is coupled the pressure switch, which thus places the pressure switch in pressure communication with the pressure conditions existing in the service line.\nWith the pressure switch so coupled, provision is made for rendering the pressure switch ineffective while the pump is functioning and supplying service, by blocking the passageway 85, such provision taking the form of a pressure switch trip valve 91 having a valve stem 93 extending up into the lower end of the axial passageway and then bent at right angles to enter a side opening 95 provided in the lower extension of the valve stem. A compression spring 97 between the valve and the lower end of the main valve stem extension, serves to urge the pressure switch valve toward its seating position, and cause it to function as a spring loaded check valve should the pressure at the pressure switch exceed the pressure in the service line.\nSuch seating is permitted when the main valve is driven down to its open position, the length of the valve stem of the pressure switch trip valve being such that when the main valve establishes initial closing contact, the trip valve is still seated, but the over-ride permitted by the compressability of the valving disc, is sufficient to permit the main valve stem to lift the trip valve off its valve seat and put the pressure switch in pressure communication with the service line.\nThe condition of the pressure switch trip valve as illustrated in FIG. 2, represents the condition existing with all service line valves closed, thus representing no demand from service, and the expansible tube of the variable pressure device is expanded to the point of maintaining a pressure in the system above the cut off pressure setting of the pressure switch. The pressure switch is thus exposed to the pressure in the variable pressure device and the pump motor is disconnected from its source of power. The prevailing pressure in the service line due to the variable pressure device, will likewise be transmitted to the main valve and the diaphragm chamber, thereby serving to maintain the main valve in its fully closed condition and to assure that the trip valve will remain open.\nWith all conditions existing as thus described, the opening of a service line valve will permit the variable pressure device to collapse and immediately drop the pressure on the service line side of the valve assembly, whereby the pressure at the pressure switch will drop to its lower pressure setting to connect the pump motor and start the pump.\nThe main valve, due to this drop in pressure, will, in the meantime have opened.\nSuch opening of the main valve produces two effects, namely:\n1. It places the pump in flow communication with the service line, and\n2. It simultaneously closes the pressure switch valve and renders and pressure switch ineffective while the pump is supplying service.\nUpon demand for service, the pump pressure will develop to a value such that the service line pressure approaches a desired value, as determined by the pressure setting of the spring 71, and without neccessarily lifting the pressure switch trip valve 91, since this valve is lifted only in response to the override of the main valve as permitted by the compressibility of the sealing disc of such main valve. Any tendancy of the line pressure to fluctuate for any reason, will be smoothed out by the action of the variable pressure device, which will serve to maintain a substantially constant pressure in the service line throughout the range in which the pump has the ability to supply the demands of service at such pressure. This is represented by the curve 96 of FIG. 6.\nFollowing a closing of the main valve in response to an increase in the service line pressure sufficient to trip the pressure switch valve, any subsequent demands of service will bring about a rapid reduction in pressure in the diaphragm chamber, thereby permitting the main valve to unseat and allow delivery from the pump. Should the pump continue to deliver water at excessively high pressure, the main valve will hover about its closing position to preclude service pressure rising above the predetermined safe value, as determined by the pressure setting of the spring 71, despite the head capacity curve characteristic of the pump which might otherwise deliver water to service at pressures exceeding values which the components of the system can safely tolerate.\nThis is particularly pertinent to the service demands of low flow rate, which can be readily appreciated by referring to the curves of FIG. 6 wherein is depicted a conventional head/capacity curve 97 for a pump which, when plotted in terms of pounds per square inch against gallons per minute flow rate, will result in a pressure curve which rises rather steeply from its maximum capacity to the point where its discharge is throttled to zero.\nFor the particular pump represented by the head/- capacity curve of FIG. 6, the pressure developed at shut-off would be in the neighborhood of 104 pounds per square inch. If the desired service pressure is around 35 pounds (curve 96), the pump in question will be able to deliver, in the system as thus far described, at a flow rate up to approximately 25 gallons per minute. The maximum permissible pressure remains substantially the same to a point approaching shut-off of all service, when the pressure rises a pound or so per square inch as indicated by the sudden rise 98 in the pressure curve 96. This is attributable to sealing stress being built up in the compressible seat 75, during which the seat bleeds high pressure water to the service line, thereby causing a build up in pressure which reacts on the diaphragm, sealing off the flow more tightly until zero flow results. 7\nIn conventional pressure water systems, pressure switches are set to function at widely separated pressure values, such as a high setting of 50 p s i for opening and a low setting of p s i for closing, and such systems were said to have a pressure range between 50 p s i and 20 p s i. Such systems include storage capacity, and a wide pressure range is essential to preclude excessive cycling of the pump.\nIn the present system, and contrary to prior conventional practice, it becomes practical to narrow the pressure range setting of the pressure switch to a very narrow range 99, say of the order of 8 p s i, so that, instead of a high pressure setting of 50 p s i to open and a low pressure setting of 20 p s i to close, the high pressure setting may be lowered to say 35 p s i to open and the low pressure setting raised up to 27 p s i.\nThus the service line pressure cannot fluctuate outside this narrow pressure range, which represents essentially an average of the wide pressure variations capable of being experienced in prior art systems, and as I viewed from the service end of the system, any slight pressure variations occurring within such 8 p s i pressure range are undetectable by the user. Insofar as he is concerned, the system is delivering at a constant pressure, regardless of the service demand, a result which has been strived for but never previously achieved.\nActually, in setting the pressure switch for its higher value aetting, it is preferably set to approximately 40 p s i in the system under consideration, which is about 5 p s i above the desired higher pressure. In the example discussed above, where the desired higher pressure is 35 p s i, the pressure switch will be set to open at say 40 p s i and close at the 27 p s i value. This is to allow for variancesin switch operating points.\nWith the pressure switch thus set, and the system ready for service, an opening of a service line will immediately, upon drop in pressure to the p s i level, cause the pump to start and promptly build the pressure up to p s i, the pressure setting of the spring 71, the pressure switch in the meantime, having been cut off from pressure communication with the service line and rendered ineffective by the opening of the main valve.\nUpon closing off all demand for service, opening of the pressure switch can occur as the discharge to service approaches zero, and being set to open at 40 p s i, the sudden rise as the flow reaches zero assures disconnection of the pump motor.\nThe 27 to 35 p s i levels referred to above, while representing the preferred range of pressure values, are merely illustrative. The narrow pressure range represented thereby, may be furthr narrowed if desired, and may, if one so wishes, be shifted to a higher or lower level, which in part may be dictated by the capacity of the pump employed in the system.\nIn order to minimize any adverse effects on the responses of the system to service demands, the main valve and valve stem are so designed that the effective area of the valve exposed to the pump pressure is essentially balanced by the enlarged upper end of the valve stem inclusive of the O-ring seal, thus eliminating any adverse effects which varying high pump input pressures might otherwise have on the operation of the main valve.\nFrom the foregoing description of my invention in its preferred form, it will be apparent that the same is subject to alteration and modification without departing from the underlying principles involved, and I accordingly do not desire to be limited in my protection to the specific details illustrated and described, except as may be necessitated by the appended claims.\n1. A pressure water system comprising a pump having a discharge line, motor drive means coupled to said pump, a service line terminating in a service valve and a pressure responsive valve between said discharge line and said service line adapted to close upon a rise in service line pressure to a predetermined value, a pressure switch in circuit with said motor drive means, means pressure coupling said pressure switch to said system on the service side of said pressure responsive valve, valve means adapted to block said pressure coupling during open condition of said pressure responsive valve and while supplying water to service, and unblock said pressure coupling during a minimum and no-flowcondition of said system, and pressure maintaining means in said system responsive to the opening of said service valve causing initial flow with corresponding pressure reduction, to cause said pressure switch to connect said motor drive means in circuit and drive said pump, flow from which causes said pressure responsive valve to open and block said pressure coupling 2. A pressure water system in accordance with claim 1, characterized by said pressure switch being set to disconnect said pump motor from circuit at a pressure value of the order of the closing pressure of said pressure responsive valve and set to connect said pump in circuit at a pressure value of the order of 8 p s i below the circuit opening pressure.\n3. A pressure water system comprising a pump, a motor connected to drive the pump, a service line for delivering water to a service valve, a pressure regulating valve between the pump and the service line adapted to regulate the maximum pressure in the service line when the service valve is open and the pump is functioning, a pressure switch in electric circuit with said motor and in hydraulic circuit with said service line, said swith being adapted to close the electric circuit and connect said pump motor when exposed to a predetermined low pressure in the service line of a value below said valve regulated pressure, and to open the electric circuit and disconnect said pump motor when exposed to a service line pressure approximately that of said valve regulated pressure, means responsive to the opening of the pressure regulating valve to close the hydraulic circuit to said pressure switch and thus isolate said pressure switch when the regulating valve opens, and to maintain the hydraulic circuit to said pressure switch closed until the pressure regulating valve is substantially completely closed, whereby said pressure switch may function to disconnect said pump motor at approximately the regulated pressure.\n4. The system of claim 3 wherein said pressure regulating valve closes through a disc of resilient, compressible material of low durometer and the motion of the valve in compressing the disc during closing is the motion that opens said hydraulic circuit and expose said pressure switch to service line pressure.\n|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|\n|US3141475 *||May 31, 1961||Jul 21, 1964||Andre Guinard Paul||Regulating valve for a pump controlled by a pressure responsive switch|\n|US3150684 *||Oct 5, 1962||Sep 29, 1964||Andre Guinard Paul||Device for the delivery of a fluid supplied by a motorpump|\n|US3394733 *||Jan 27, 1965||Jul 30, 1968||Jacuzzi Bros Inc||Airless water pressure system|\n|US3572381 *||May 26, 1969||Mar 23, 1971||Jacuzzi Bros Inc||Pump pressure system|\n|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|\n|US3814543 *||Jan 30, 1973||Jun 4, 1974||Jacuzzi Bros Inc||Pump systems for liquids|\n|US3871792 *||Nov 28, 1973||Mar 18, 1975||Jacuzzi Bros Inc||Pump system and valve assembly therefor|\n|US3931830 *||Mar 20, 1974||Jan 13, 1976||Jacuzzi Bros. Incorporated||Pump systems for liquids|\n|US3973877 *||Nov 26, 1974||Aug 10, 1976||Hitachi, Ltd.||Automatic pumping device|\n|US4081621 *||Apr 26, 1976||Mar 28, 1978||Carr-Griff, Inc.||Pressure switch with diaphragm and valve means|\n|US4247260 *||Feb 7, 1979||Jan 27, 1981||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Pressure regulated water supply system|\n|US4519418 *||Feb 17, 1984||May 28, 1985||Fowler L B||Water well pumping system|\n|US5295807 *||Mar 1, 1993||Mar 22, 1994||The Coca-Cola Company||Variable output pump adjustment mechanism|\n|US5509787 *||Oct 7, 1994||Apr 23, 1996||Valdes; Osvaldo J.||Hydraulic actuator for pressure switch of fluidic system|\n|US5947690 *||Jun 4, 1998||Sep 7, 1999||Flexcon Industries||Actuator valve for pressure switch for a fluidic system|\n|US5988984 *||Jul 2, 1997||Nov 23, 1999||Austin; Cary M.||Method and apparatus for liquid control system having a valve with a notch in the seal for enabling a sufficient fluid to pass through when the seal is fully closed to cool the pump and/or motor|\n|US6062822 *||Jan 22, 1998||May 16, 2000||Alfred Karcher Gmbh & Co.||High-pressure cleaning apparatus|\n|US6227241||Aug 25, 1999||May 8, 2001||Flexcon Industries||Actuator valve for pressure switch for a fluidic system|\n|US20150192930 *||Apr 16, 2014||Jul 9, 2015||Maxtec Plastics, Inc.||Method for controlling water outgoing from container by pressure and device for achieving the same|\n|EP0459434A2 *||May 29, 1991||Dec 4, 1991||Osvaldo Valdes||Hydropneumatic constant pressure device for automatic control of the operation and stopping of electrical motorpumps|\n|WO1998057065A1 *||Jun 4, 1998||Dec 17, 1998||Flexcon Industries||Actuator valve for pressure switch for a hydraulic system|\n|U.S. Classification||137/565.34, 417/38|\n|International Classification||F04D15/02, E03B5/04, G05D16/06, G05D16/04, E03B5/00|\n|Cooperative Classification||F04D15/0209, E03B5/04, G05D16/0663|\n|European Classification||E03B5/04, G05D16/06H8E, F04D15/02B|\n|Jul 8, 1999||AS||Assignment|\nOwner name: JACUZZI INC., CALIFORNIA\nFree format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT EFFECTIVE AS OF 6-30-98;ASSIGNOR:JACUZZI INC.( A FORMER DELAWARE CORPORATION);REEL/FRAME:010061/0874\nEffective date: 19990225\n|Mar 30, 1999||AS||Assignment|\nOwner name: JACUZZI INC., A DELAWARE CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA\nFree format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:JACUZZI INC., A FORMER DELAWARE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009866/0373\nEffective date: 19880402\n|May 21, 1981||AS||Assignment|\nOwner name: JACUZZI INC., 11511 NEW BENTON HIGHWAY, LITTLE ROC\nFree format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNORS:JACUZZI WHIRLPOOL BATH, INC.;JACUZZI BROS., INC.;REEL/FRAME:003873/0510;SIGNING DATES FROM 19810424 TO 19810508", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Power Machines has announced it has completed modernisation of the hydraulic unit No 19 at RusHydro’s Volzhskaya hydropower plant in Russia, the 21st of 23 units the company has worked on.\nFor unit 19, Power Machines performed work on replacing the turbine, generator, excitation system, automation system and auxiliary equipment, increasing power output of the unit.\nThe new turbine has an improved design and is characterized by a high degree of environmental safety, says Power Machines. The updated impeller has five blades instead of the previous six and is designed for increased water flow through the turbine. Improved technical specifications of the unit allow increasing its capacity by 10.5MW in the future.\nWork is continuing to modernise the remaining two units at the project, unit no 10 where Power Machines will replace the turbine and generator, and Unit No 19, where the generator will be replaced.\nToday, at Volzhskaya HPP Power Machines continues modernization of two remaining hydroelectric units, with one involving the replacement of turbine and generator and the other replacement of the generator.\nOnce all 23 units are modernised at the plant, capacity will be increased to 2744.5MW.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Islamic University of GazaFaculty of EngineeringCivil Engineering DepartmentHydraulics - ECIV 3322 Chapter 6 Water Flow in Open Channels 1\nIntroduction An open channel is a duct in which the liquid flows with a free surface. Open channel hydraulics is of great importance in civil engineers, it deals with flows having a free surface, for example: • Channels constructed for water supply, irrigation, drainage, and • Sewers, culverts, and • Tunnels flowing partially full; and • Natural streams and rivers. 2\nPipe Flow and Open Channel Flow • Open Channel Flow • Flow takes place due to the slope of the channel bed (due to gravity). • The flow must be classified as open channel flow if the liquid has a free surface. Pipe Flow • The liquid completely fills the pipe and flow under pressure. • The flow in a pipe takes place due to difference of pressure (pressure gradient), • The flow in a closed conduit is not necessarily a pipe flow.\nOpen Channel Flow Pipe Flow\nFor Pipe flow (Fig. a): • The hydraulic gradient line (HGL) is the sum of the elevation and the pressure head (connecting the water surfaces in piezometers). • The energy gradient line (EGL) is the sum of the HGL and velocity head. • The amount of energy loss when the liquid flows from section 1 to section 2 is indicated by hL. For open channel flow (Fig. b): • The hydraulic gradient line (HGL) corresponds to the water surface line (WSL); where it subjected to only atmospheric pressure which is commonly referred to as the zero pressure reference. • The energy gradient line (EGL) is the sum of the HGL and velocity head. • The amount of energy loss when the liquid flows from section 1 to section 2 is indicated by hL. For uniform flow in an open channel, this drop in the EGL is equal to the drop in the channel bed.\n6.1 Classifications of Open Channel Flow Classification based on the time criterion: • Steady Flow (time independent) (discharge and water depth do not change with time) • Unsteady Flow (time dependent) (discharge and water depth at any section change with time) Classification based on the space criterion: • Uniform flow (are mostly steady) (discharge and water depth remains the same at every section in the channel) • Non-uniform Flow (discharge and water depth change at any section in the channel)\nNon-uniform flow is also called varied flow ( the flow in which the water depth and or discharge change along the length of the channel), it can be further classified as: • Gradually varied flow(GVF) where the depth of the flow changes gradually along the length of the channel. • Rapidly varied flow (RVF) where the depth of flow changes suddenly over a small length of the channel.\nUnsteady uniform flows are very rare in nature • Uniform flow are mostly steady • Steady varied flow • (over a spillway crest) • Unsteady varied flow (flood wave) • Unsteady varied flow (tidal surge)\n6.2 Uniform Flow in Open Channel Uniform flow in an open channel must satisfy the following main features: • The water depth y, flow area A, discharge Q, and the velocity distribution V at all sections throughout the entire channel length must remain constant. • The slope of the energy gradient line (Se), the water surface slope (Sws), and the channel bed slope (S0) are equal. Se = Sws = S0\nThis is possible when the gravity force (W sinq)component equal the resistance to the flow (Ff) The Chezy Formula\nRh = hydraulic radius or hydraulic mean depth • C = Chezy coefficient (Chezy’s resistance factor), m1/2/s, varies in relation of both the conditions of channel and flow. • Manning derived the following empirical relation: • where n = Manning’s coefficient for the channel roughness • See the next table for typical values of n.\nManning’s formula • Substituting into Chezy equation, we obtain the Manning’s formula for uniform flow: OR Where: • Q in m3/sec, • V in m/sec, • Rh in m, • Se in (m/m), • n is dimensionless\nExample 1 Open channel of width = 3m as shown, bed slope = 1:5000, d=1.5m find the flow rate using Manning equation, n=0.025.\nExample 2 The cross section of an open channel is a trapezoid with a bottom width of 4 m and side slopes 1:2, calculate the discharge if the depth of water is 1.5 m and bed slope = 1/1600. Take Chezy constant C = 50.\nExample 2 Open channel as shown, bed slope = 69:1584, find the flow rate using Chezy equation, take C=35.\n6.3 Hydraulic Efficiency of open channel sections Based on their existence, an open channel can be natural or artificial: • Natural channels: such as streams, rivers, valleys, etc. These are generally irregular in shape, alignment and roughness of the surface. • Artificial channels: built for some specific purpose, such as irrigation, water supply, wastewater, water power development, and rain collection channels. These are regular in shape and alignmentwith uniform roughness of the boundary surface.\nBased on their shape, an open channel can be prismatic or non-prismatic: • Prismatic channels: the cross section is uniform and the bed slop is constant. • Non-prismatic channels: when either the cross section or the slope (or both) change, the channel is referred to as non-prismatic. It is obvious that only artificial channel can be prismatic. • The most common shapes of prismatic channels are rectangular, parabolic, triangular, trapezoidal and circular; see the next figure.\nMost economical section is called the best hydraulic section or most efficient section as the discharge, passing through a given cross-sectional area A, slope of the bed S0 and a resistance coefficient, is maximum. • Hence the discharge Q will be maximum when the wetted perimeter P is minimum.\nEconomical Rectangular Channel P should be minimum for a given area; So, the rectangular channel will be most economical when either: the depth of the flow is half the width, or the hydraulic radius is half the depth of flow.\nOther criteria for economic Trapezoidal section • When a semi-circle is drawn with the trapezoidal center, O, on the water surface and radius equal to the depth of flow, D, the three sides of the channel are tangential to the semi-circle”. • To prove this condition, using the figure shown, we have: using triangle KMN, we have:\nusing equation to replace the numerator , we obtain: Thus, if a semi-circle is drawn with O as center and radius equal to the depth of flow D, the three sides of a most economical trapezoidal section will be tangential to the semi-circle.\nNow, from equations: squaring both sides The best side slope is at 60o to the horizontal, i.e.; of all trapezoidal sections a half hexagon is most economical. However, because of constructional difficulties, it may not be practical to adopt the most economical side slopes\nCircular section In the case of circular channels, the area of the flow cannot be maintained constant. Indeed, the cross-sectional area A and the wetted perimeter P both do not depend on D but they depend on the anglea. Referring to the figure shown, we can determine the wetted perimeter P and the area of flow A as follows: • Thus in case of circular channels, for most economical section, two separate conditions are obtained: • Condition for maximum discharge, and • Condition for maximum velocity.\nCondition for Maximum Discharge for Circular Section: (Using the Chezy formula) (Using Manning’s formula) • Condition for Maximum Velocity for Circular Section:\n6.4 Energy Principle in Open Channel Flow The total energy of a flowing liquid per unit weight is given by: If the channel bed is taken as the datum, then the total energy per unit weight will be: Specific energy(Es)of a flowing liquid in a channel is defined as energy per unit weight of the liquid measured from the channel bed as datum. It is a very useful concept in the study of open channel flow.\nEp = potential energy of flow = y Ek= kinetic energy of flow = Valid for any cross section Specific Energy Curve: It is defined as the curve which shows the variation of specific energy (Es ) with depth of flow y.\nSpecific Energy Curve (Rectangular channel) Considera rectangular channel in which a constant discharge q = discharge per unit width = = constant ( since Q and B are constants) EK Es EP yc\nT T Sub-critical, critical, and supercritical flow The criterion used in this classification is what is known by Froude number, Fr, which is the measure of the relative effects of inertia forces to gravity force: V = mean velocity of flow of water, Dh = hydraulic depth of the channel\nReferring to the energy curve, the following features can be observed: • The depth of flow at point C is referred to as critical depth, yc. • (It is defined as that depth of flow of liquid at which the specific energy is minimum, The flow that corresponds to this point is called critical flow (Fr = 1.0). • For values of Es greater than Emin , there are two corresponding depths. One depth is greater than the critical depth and the other is smaller then the critical depth, for example; These two depths for a given specific energy are called the alternate depths. • If the flow depth the flow is said to be sub-critical (Fr < 1.0). In this case Es increases as y increases. • If the flow depth the flow is said to be super-critical (Fr > 1.0). In this case Es decreases as y increases.\nCritical depth, yc for rectangular channel Critical depth, yc , is defined as that depth of flow of liquid at which the specific energy is minimum, Emin, The mathematical expression for critical depth is obtained by differentiating energy equation with respect to y and equating the result to zero;\nCritical depth, yc, for Non- Rectangular Channels OR (constant discharge is assumed) dA/dy = the rate of increase of area with respect to y = T (top width). condition must be satisfied for the flow at the critical depth. Recalling that The equation may also be written in terms of velocity The velocity head is equal to one-half the hydraulic depth for critical flow.\nThis equation represents the critical state The general equation for the specific energy in critical state applicable to channels of all shapes. OR Rectangular section Trapezoidal section Circular section Triangle section\nConstant Specific Energy The specific energy was varied and the discharge was assumed to be constant. Let us now consider the case in which the specific energy is kept constant and the discharge Q is varied. The discharge will maximum if dA/dy = T\nbut Thus for a given specific energy, the discharge in a given channel is a maximum when the flow is in the critical state. The depth corresponding to the maximum discharge is the critical depth.\n6.5 Hydraulic Jump • A hydraulic jump occurs when flow changes from a supercritical flow (unstable) to a sub-critical flow (stable). • There is a sudden rise in water level at the point where the hydraulic jump occurs. • Rollers (eddies) of turbulent water form at this point. These rollers cause dissipation of energy. • A hydraulic jump occurs in practice at the toe of a dam or below a sluice gate where the velocity is very high.\nGeneral Expression for Hydraulic Jump: In the analysis of hydraulic jumps, the following assumptions are made: (1) The length of hydraulic jump is small. Consequently, the loss of head due to friction is negligible. (2) The flow is uniform and pressure distribution is due to hydrostatic before and after the jump. (3) The slope of the bed of the channel is very small, so that the component of the weight of the fluid in the direction of the flow is neglected.\nLocation of hydraulic jump • Generally, a hydraulic jump occurs when the flow changes from supercritical to subcritical flow. • The most typical cases for the location of hydraulic jump are: • Jump below a sluice gate. • Jump at the toe of a spillway. • Jump at a glacis. • (glacis is the name given to sloping floors provided in hydraulic structures.)\nThe net force in the direction of flow = the rate of change of moment in that direction The net force in the direction of the flow, neglecting frictional resistance and the component of weight of water in the direction of flow, R = F1 - F2 . Therefore, the impulse-moment yields Where F1 and F2are the pressure forces at section 1 and 2, respectively. = the distance from the water surface to the centroid of the flow area\nComments: • This is the general equation governing the hydraulic jump for any shape of channel. • The sum of two terms is called specific force (M). So, the equation can be written as: • M1 = M2 • This equation shows that the specific forcebefore the hydraulic jump is equal to that after the jump.\nHydraulic Jump in Rectangular Channels using , we get", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydac DFP Series High Pressure Filters\n- The filter housings are designed to withstand pressure surges as well as high static pressure loads.\n- The screw-in bowl allows the filter element to be easily removed for replacement or cleaning.\n- A visual (pop-up), electrical, electrical/visual (lamp), or electronic differential type clogging indicator can be installed.\n- DFP filters are available with or without a bypass valve so either high or low collapse pressure elements may be used.\n- Multiple indicator port locations (DFP330/660/1320 only) also allow two different types of indicators to be installed into the filter. Indicators of the same type, but with different trip pressures can also be installed.\n- Fatigue pressure rating equals maximum allowable working pressure rating.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Thermal-hydraulic model for axial piston pump with leakage and friction and its application\nIndustrial Lubrication and Tribology\nArticle publication date: 29 May 2019\nIssue publication date: 22 August 2019\nThis paper aims to carry out a thermal-hydraulic simulation model for pump and hydraulic system to predict the temperature increasing and pump performance. Based on the model, how to alleviate the temperature is introduced. Besides, the optimization of piston is carried out.\nThis paper analyzes the heat generation in lubricating interfaces of the pump with energy conversion theory. The heat transfer inside the pump is analyzed with the control volume method. The simulation model is constructed in AMESim because of its operating friendly nature. The experiment is carried out to prove the validity and accuracy of the simulation model.\nTemperature has less effect on the mechanical loss of pump. However, it has a great impact on volumetric efficiency. To reduce the temperature on the piston surface, the size of the piston should be optimized.\nThis paper fulfills a novel thermal-hydraulic model to evaluate the temperature of the pump. Based on the model, the performance of the pump is determined and optimization is carried out.\nShi, G. and Wang, H. (2019), \"Thermal-hydraulic model for axial piston pump with leakage and friction and its application\", Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 71 No. 6, pp. 810-818. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILT-02-2018-0085\nEmerald Publishing Limited\nCopyright © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic transmission of injection molding machines uses hydraulic oil as a working medium and uses the pressure energy of hydraulic oil in sealed working volume to transmit energy or power or signals. The quality of hydraulic oil and seals directly affects the stable work of the hydraulic system and indirectly affects the product quality. To prevent and reduce the faults of the hydraulic system, reduce wear and prolong service life, we should strictly use and maintain hydraulic oil.\nGenerally speaking, 70% of hydraulic device failures are caused by incorrect or improper use and maintenance of hydraulic oil. Maintaining good maintenance habits and preventive maintenance is the most effective way to reduce and prevent hydraulic failures of machines. Therefore, fine maintenance of hydraulic oil and hydraulic system is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the characteristic requirements of hydraulic oil.\nThe most important properties of hydraulic oil are viscosity and cleanliness, as well as good anti-oxidation, anti-wear, anti-foam, anti-corrosion, and good lubrication.\nThe viscosity of hydraulic oil is expressed by the average kinematic viscosity at 40℃. Our commonly used No. 46 anti-wear hydraulic oil (46csT/40℃) means that the average kinematic viscosity of this hydraulic oil is 46m2/S at 40℃.\nThe relationship between the viscosity of hydraulic oil and pressure and temperature is as follows: The viscosity decreases with the increase of the temperature; while the viscosity increases with the increase of the pressure.\nPeriodic testing of hydraulic oil performance. If the oil is polluted or deteriorated, the service life of the injection molding machine will be shortened, and faults may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically test the oil to detect the change in oil performance. Based on this, whether to change the oil may be decided. (If conditions permit, the data value detected by a professional laboratory is the best) We can use simple visual methods to understand the oil status:\nAppearance test: New oil samples and used oil samples are put into their own test tubes, and their color, clarity, floating objects, and water precipitation at the bottom of test tubes are compared.\nDropping test: The old oil drops are put on the filter paper (oil-absorbing paper) and observed after one hour. If the oil is dirty or obviously deteriorated, the pollutants will be easy to be observed.\nFinger rubbing: The used oil can be rubbed on fingers. If the viscosity decreases and deteriorates, the hand feels rough and there is no sticky feeling. The oil drops fall from fingers smoothly and there is no sticky rebound.\nHydraulic maintenance starts from the following aspects\n(1) Replace the old hydraulic oil\nIn principle, the hydraulic oil should be changed every 5,000 machine operating hours or at most one year. No matter how good the hydraulic oil is, after being used for a certain period of time, the worn metal and rubber particles of pumps and other moving parts will enter the oil, which will cause the formation of sludge and dirt. During the normal maintenance, some pollutants will stick to the parts and be brought into the hydraulic oil.\nEven if the hydraulic oil is used correctly, it is generally considered that its service life is one year, up to two to three years. Once it deteriorates, it is required to be replaced with new oil without hesitation. Good oil quality is the cornerstone to maintaining the stability of the hydraulic system.\nHydraulic oil is filled with a special oil filter truck instead of a pumping unit refitted with a pump. The author has seen many simple oil pump trucks refitted with pumps, which pump wastewater and waste oil, and also add new oil.\nThe pump that has pumped wastewater and oil has no filter screen, and the dirtiest impurities lurk in the pump and pipeline, which are mixed with the new oil and added into the oil tank. The author has used boxes many times to observe that the new oil that has just started pumping contains a lot of pollutants. These pollutants will only pollute the new oil and damage the pump and valves.\nThe precision of the filter screen of a professional oil filter truck is usually 125um (micron), and there are generally two filter screens, double protection filtering, to protect the cleanliness of oil products.\n(2) Clean the inside of the oil tank\nHydraulic maintenance is not as simple as pumping old oil, or just adding some new oil. It is important not only to replace new oil but also to clean hydraulic equipment.\nAfter the old oil is pumped clean, the oil tank should not be wiped with rags to prevent the thread ends from blocking the filter screen. Using professional cleaning agents is expensive, and there are residues. An experience taught by a 20-year-old mechanic: Ordinary flour can be used to be kneaded into a dry dough by adding an appropriate amount of clean water, and then it can be divided into several pieces to smear oil, impurities, and metal powder in the oil tank. It is clean and economical, and has no residues.\nThe magnetic frame and filter screen in the oil tank can be cleaned with kerosene and a copper brush; afterwards, they can be cleaned and dried with an air gun.\n(3) Clean the air filter\nThe air filter outside the oil tank makes it easy for the air inside the oil tank to get in and out according to the change of the oil level inside the oil tank. Every time the oil is changed and maintained, the air filter should be taken out, cleaned with kerosene and dried with an air gun. If it is not cleaned, the dirt may enter the oil tank and affect the oil quality.\n(4) Clean the inner and outer walls of the oil-water cooler\nThe scale inside and outside the cooler tube should be cleaned with a weak hydrochloric acid solution, rinsed with water and dried with an air gun.\nThe dirt on the baffle plate should be cleaned with a copper brush.\n(5) Clean the oil valve\nFirst, the dirt outside the valve can be cleaned with a waste cloth and an air gun. The plug can be unplugged and the oil valve can be disassembled. The valve core and the oil sludge and sundries on the valve body can be cleaned with a kerosene brush and dried with an air gun. Attention should be paid to avoid installing the valve core upside down and O-ring missing.\n(6) Clean the oil cylinder\nAfter disassembling the mold locking, thimble, pedestal, and glue injection cylinder, the cylinder block and piston can be cleaned with kerosene, and the worn and damaged oil seal, dust seal, and O-ring can be replaced. The reasons for disassembling the oil cylinder, checking the oil seal, and making replacements are shown as follows:\n1. The stability of injection pressure is a major factor that determines the quality of finished products. Every 20,000 machine working hours or at most five years, the sealing ring and wear ring should be replaced. Although the oil seal used for five years is not badly damaged, it must also be replaced. It cannot be repaired until the occurrence of oil leakage, carbonization, or pressure relief, or when the machine is broken down.\n2. Whether the piston rod is loose can be checked.\n3. Cleaning the equipment parts is also a maintenance method.\n(7) Replace the bypass filter element.\n(8) Check whether the fastening oil pipe joints are loose, and replace the aging leaking oil pipes.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Wandfluh poppet valves are available as direct operated and pilot operated, with flange-, sandwich- and cartridge construction and electric- pneumatic-, hydraulic- and mechanical actuation. They are used where tight closing is essential – like leak-free load holding, clamping or gripping.\nMaximum pressures are up to 350 bar, with flows up to 300 litres/minute.\nOther features of Wandfluh poppet valves include:\n- Nominal sizes: NG3-Mini, NG4-Mini, NG6 and NG10\n- Screw-in cartridges: M18x1.5, M22x1.5 and M33x2\n- Very good tightness in both flow directions\n- Optional venting\n- Valve through-flow in both directions\n- ATEX, explosion-proof versions available\nThe range includes:\n- 2-way: SDEPM20-X5 | SDEPU08-X5 | SVEPM20-X5 | SVEPU08-X5 | 2203 | 2204 | 2206 | 2210 | SDSPM18-35 | SDSPM18 | SDYPM18 | SDZPM18 | SDSPM22-35 | SDSPM22 | SDSPM22-K9 | SDYPM22 | SLYPM22-FG | SLYPM22-FG-K9 | SVSPM18 | SVSPM22 | SVYPM22 | SVYPM33 | SVSPM42 | B-2203 | B-2204 | A-2206 | A-206-Z | A-3206rr | A-2210 | A-210-Z | Z-2203 | Z-2204 | Z-2206 | Z-2210 | G-2204 | G-2206 | G-2210 | BEXd2204 | AEXd-06 | AEXd-206-K9 | AEXd-206-Z104 | AEXd3206rr | BH2204 | AH2206 | AG2206 | AH2210 | BK2204 | AK2206 | AK2210 | A-3206-S1779\n- 3-way: A-4306\n- 4-way: B-2203 | B-2204 | A-2206 | A-2210 | BEXd2204 | AEXd-06 | BH2204 | AH2206 | AG2206 | AH2210 | BK2204 | AK2206 | AK2210\nPlease contact us for further technical details and configuration options, or if you cannot see the Wandfluh poppet valves that you need – we’ll be delighted to help!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Source Water Planning\nSource Water Policy- Québec\nBack to Compare\nJurisdiction implements this indicator\nJurisdiction does not implement this indicator\nJurisdiction partially implements this indicator\nGroundwater protection planning is required\nWatershed scale protection planning is required\nWatershed management plans incorporate aspects of source water protection planning.\nDedicated protection plans are required at the community water supply scale\nDedicated funding is available to implement plans\nPeriodic updates to plans are required\nPeriodic updates to source water plans are not required.\nIn the U.S. for Fiscal Year 2022, State Revolving Fund set-asides were used for source water protection programs", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In the public sector the water supply is one of the major consumers of electrical energy. At the same time, for means of pressure control in the water pipelines, energy has to be “destroyed” constantly by converting it into useless noise and thermal energy. The project EWID shows new ways of reducing this energy loss. Turbine-driven pumps (pump as turbine, PaT) assume the function of conventional pressure reducers in the water distribution system and, at the same time, produce electrical energy. Hereby the energy balance in the water system is improved and a contribution to the energy self-supply is made.\nThe delivery of water follows typical seasonal and daily profiles, which are usually overlaid with current supply fluctuations. This leads to constant pressure fluctuations, especially in the lower areas of the network located in close vicinity to the consumers. Under these conditions, only a part of the pressure energy can be converted to electrical energy if a turbine is “simply” installed in the pipeline. Therefore, one goal of EWID is to design a system that adapts itself to the current situation dynamically and intelligently.\nFig. 1: Height differences for energy production in model region Bavarian uplands\nThis research project contributes significantly to energy efficiency and energy generation in the water management sector. The intelligent pressure control also contributes to the reduction of material stress and water loss, thereby promoting the sustainable use of natural water resources.\nThe aim of this project is the replacement or the implementation of the “classic” energy-dissipation-based pressure management in the water distribution system (by means of valves) with an energy-generation-based pressure management. The advantages of this approach are twofold: first, new chances of electrical energy production can be developed; second, new ways of improving the energy efficiency in the water sector can be identified.\nIn the research project a PaT-System (pump as turbine) will be developed. It is composed of a pressure control unit plus an energy production unit (running backward pump + generator) and a higher-level control for the intelligent pressure management. This system configuration constitutes the testing device. For the different development stages of the PaT-system with its additional components, extensive testing on a test stand (test track and testing facility) is required. The design of this system is accompanied by the compilation of the process principles for the internal control of the unit. Here, algorithms for the optimized pressure control in the distribution network must be developed. In order to define the testing configuration for the system, the boundary conditions of the application partners must be defined and suitable pilot areas must be selected. The network data from GIS and process control systems will be provided by the network operators. If the data are not sufficient, additional measuring must be carried out beforehand. For the comparability of the total recorded data, it must be transferred into a common data structure in a unified way.\nThe aim here is the decentralized compilation, transfer and processing of data in the network of the water suppliers. Hard- and Software components must therefore be developed. These must enable a secure and efficient data transfer between the communication units (Com-Units) in the network (inclusive cross-communication) and the central control system, through the implementation of different interfaces, as well as the linking of sensors, control units and analog/digital input/output signals to decentralized network stations. Due to the dynamics in the water distribution system, this must happen in “quasi real time”. While the dynamic model adaptation takes place, the transferred information must be used for deriving control logics and commands for the intelligent pressure management for controlling the hydraulic PaT-units (testing device and field tests).\nFig. 2: Technical plant for pressure increase/reduction\nThe objective here is the link between optimized demand-based pressure control for the distribution system with the maximum energy production performed by the PaT-unit (testing device and later in field tests). The “near real time” modeling of the water network combined with optimization strategies must therefore be tested. Control strategies for the “intelligent” pressure management, based on physical real-time-measured parameters, such as pressure and flow, as well as model-based data have to be developed und validated.\nIn addition, data regarding potential energy production and investment costs will be collected, and recommendations for the energy use in island operation will be worked out. After the design and validation of the “novel system unit”, it will be installed in a real network. Hereby the system control with installed pressure sensors at critical points must take place, in order to test a decentralized pressure management. After a successful start-up, the system must be calibrated and optimized, and its performance must be adapted for continuous operation.\nBased on the results of the testing device and on the verification of the system in a real network, a guideline will be presented by means of a final report, as a practical working tool for professional associations (DVGW), water suppliers, municipalities and planers. For enabling the application of the designed system in other companies in the water sector, a detailed compilation of the technical and administrative boundary conditions will be carried out. Topography, population density, hydrogeology and climate act a decisive part. Also the supply structures (centralized/decentralized) and network size will be considered here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The load sense system is the least used and the least understood system of the three, but offers perhaps the most potential for efficient use of energy.\nThe load sense system is also controlled by pressure like the constant pressure system, but not in direct proportion, which usually results in greater system efficiency.\nThe load sense system has a control pressure of 200 psi.\n2 shows, the load sense system is 50% efficient at a very low pressure of 200 psi, regardless of the flow usage rate.\nThis gives the load sense system a significant efficiency advantage over the constant flow system, especially in higher-pressure and low-to medium-flow situations.\n3 indicates, the load sense system provides better efficiency than the constant pressure system at all pressures up to 3800 psi.\nAt low-pressure standby, a load sense system is at control pressure.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "INSTALLATION OF FIRE SUPPRESSION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS AT THREE FACILITIES IN ROCK CREEK PARK\nThe uphill slope from Military Road to the three facilities would reduce water pressure in the new water main, which would compromise the efficacy of the sprinkler systems. To fix this condition, a diesel water pump would be installed at each location to increase water pressure to that location's fire suppression sprinkler system. The first pump would be installed at the Horse Center. In order to accommodate this pump, the former tack room at the Horse Center would be enlarged and extended outward from the current building, maintaining the existing roofline to preserve architectural continuity. Diesel water pump installations at the Maintenance Yard and Nature Center would be postponed pending a performance review of the pump at the Horse Center and the availability of additional funding.\nEnvironmental Protection Specialist\nRock Creek Park\n3545 Williamsburg Lane, NW\nWashington, DC 20008\nNPS proposes to install fire suppression sprinkler systems at the Nature Center, the Public Horse Center, and the Maintenance Yard, fed by a new water main. The water main would run from Military Road, NW, to the Nature Center, the Public Horse Center, and the Maintenance Yard. Its installation would roughly parallel an existing (but limited) water main that already serves these facilities. In order to minimize the ecological impact (e.g., felled trees), approximately 2430 linear feet of water main piping would be installed using a jack-and-bore approach with directional, underground drilling. Boring pits would be located in previously disturbed areas, if possible.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic flow meters measure the linear, nonlinear, mass, and volumetric flow rate of hydraulic fluids. The three parts of a hydraulic flow meter are the device, transducer, and transmitter. The transducer senses the movement of the hydraulic fluid, while the transmitter produces a flow signal from the transducer’s sensed signal. The calculation of the volume and flow is based on the concept that the passing fluid volume is proportional to the cross-sectional area and the fluid velocity. Read More…\nHydraulic Flow MetersHydraulic flow meters measure the flow rate or volume of liquid inside a hydraulic system. Their general applications are testing, troubleshooting and maintaining hydraulic systems. Using hydraulic flow meters, operators of hydraulic systems can measure how efficiently and effectively their systems are running and properly address any problems into which they run.\nSierra manufacturers high performance mass flow meters and controllers for nearly any gas, liquid or steam. Customers choose Sierra when they need an accurate and repeatable flow measurement, short delivery lead times, expert flow advice and long term support. When it matters, choose Sierra. Visit www.sierrainstruments.com.\nSIKA is a developer and manufacturer of flow control products and a wide variety of other measuring and monitoring systems. Our inventory includes flow sensors, flow meters, flow switches, and many more. We know that flow solutions aren't one-size-fits-all, which is why we provide consultation and flow management solutions that are individualized and customized to your requirements. When you...\nMAC Instruments has been a manufacturer leader of steam flow rate meters and industrial moisture analyzers for over 30 years. Our expertise helps provides our customers with high-quality products and exceptional customer service.\nIt is our primary goal that we are able to treat each and every customer as if they were number one in hopes of turning first time customers into lifelong connections as well as to exceed customer expectation one hundred percent of the time in order to keep you coming back to us for all of your diaphragm valve needs! To receive more information about our company get in touch with our customer...\nBlue-White Industries specializes in providing high-quality flowmeters, water flow meters, air flowmeters and ultrasonic flow meters. Our extensive line of flowmeters is sure to meet any requirement you may have. We are committed to ensuring that our customers succeed with our products. For more information, please call or visit our website today!\nMeasuring flow is essential to perfecting and improving the efficiency of a process and is a part of the dynamics and mechanics of fluids. It involves the movement of fluids subjected to unbalanced forces, which continue the motion of fluids as long as they remain unbalanced. Fluids measured by hydraulic flow meters are incompressible, meaning their density does not change when an external force is applied.\nFlow is the measurement of the volume of a fluid as it passes a fixed point at an established unit of time. For hydraulic applications, flow is calculated in liters or gallons per minute. Fluid flow is the foundation of hydraulic systems and must be monitored carefully since hydraulic fluids transfer energy from one part of the system to another.\nFunctions of Hydraulic Fluids\nSince not all hydraulic systems are the same, their fluids are chosen following the needs of an application. The properties of hydraulic fluids include viscosity, lubrication, demulsibility (the ability to release water), and chemical and environmental stability. Hydraulic fluids have five functions:\nIn a hydraulic system, the incompressible fluid transfers energy from one point to another to generate power. The pump initiates fluid flow, and pressure develops at the point of restriction.\nOne of the primary functions of hydraulic fluid is to remove contaminants, which can damage the system or reduce its productivity. The flow of hydraulic fluid removes any forms of foreign particles by moving them to the filtration system.\nThe constant movement of the various components of a hydraulic system creates friction that can cause wear and failure. The smooth flow of hydraulic fluids reduces friction by creating a lubricating film.\nSealing the System\nBecause all hydraulic systems operate under pressure, each system must have a tight seal. The proper hydraulic fluid forms an additional seal between mechanical parts.\nThe friction of hydraulic components produces heat that has to be cooled. The smooth and controlled flow of hydraulic fluids carries away any generated heat.\nTypes of Hydraulic Flow Meters\nThe selection of a hydraulic flow meter is a critical aspect of a system's function since an incorrect choice can lead to errors in diagnosis. The factors to be examined when making the selection are fluid properties, operating condition of the system, flow measurement, accuracy, effect of the flow meter on the fluid and vice versa, and cost. As with all flow meters, there are several types of hydraulic flow meters to choose from, with each type designed to perform with a certain type of hydraulic fluid.\nVariable Orifice Flow Meter\nA variable orifice hydraulic flow meter has a piston or ring connected to a spring. The force of the fluid displaces the piston or ring, which increases the size of the flow meter's orifice. The flow rate is indicated on an analog readout connected by a magnet to the piston or ring.\nGear Flow Meter\nGear type hydraulic flow meters are types of positive displacement flow meters that look like gear motors with intermeshed, rotating gears. The fluid flow rotates the gears, one of which is connected to the transducer. An increase or decrease in the fluid flow causes the gears to rotate faster or slower, providing the flow rate reading. More accurate gear type hydraulic flow meters have two transducers that measure direction and improve resolution.\nTurbine Flow Meter\nTurbine hydraulic flow meters are a very common type of mechanical flow meter. The turbine rotor is placed in a shaft between flow straighteners, and the flow of the hydraulic fluid turns the turbines. The transducer, connected to the turbine rotors, senses the movement of the blades, which is the flow rate.\nChoosing the Correct Hydraulic Flow Meter Manufacturer\nTo ensure the most constructive outcome when purchasing hydraulic flow meters from a hydraulic flow meter manufacturer, it is important to compare several companies using our directory of hydraulic flow meter manufacturers. Each hydraulic flow meter manufacturer has a business profile page highlighting their areas of experience and capabilities, along with a contact form to directly communicate with the manufacturer for more information or request a quote. Review each hydraulic flow meter company website using our patented website previewer to quickly learn what each business specializes in. Then, use our simple RFQ form to contact multiple hydraulic flow meter businesses with the same form.\nHydraulic Flow Meter Informational Video\nFlow Meters Power Pages\nCoriolis Flow Meters\nA Coriolis flow meter measures mass by the inertia of a liquid or gas flowing through a vibrating tube that is equipped with a set of sensors at the inlets and outlets of the meter. The increased movement of the flow produces measurable oscillation that is proportional to the mass...\nA flow switch is a device that measures the flow rate and liquid pressure within a duct, loop, or system. Flow sensor and flow indication are other names for this switch. The primary purpose of a flow switch is to continually...\nA level switch is an electrical or mechanical method for measuring the level of a liquid, powder, or granule material. It is designed to activate an alarm if the material level in a container passes a predetermined height or depth...\nMagnetic Flow Meters\nA magnetic flow meter is a volumetric flow meter that uses electrodes connected to the liquid flow to measure the velocity of fluids in a tube or pipe. The unique design of magnetic flow meters allows them to take their readings without the need for any moving parts...\nMass Flow Meters\nA mass flow meter is a way of measuring the volume or mass of a gas or liquid passing through a system at a specific point in the flow system. They are used to measure linear, nonlinear, mass, and volumetric flow rates...\nUltrasonic Flow Meters\nAn ultrasonic flow meter measures the flow of a liquid or gas by sending ultrasonic waves across a pipe, containing the flow in the direction of the flow and in the opposite direction of the flow. The ultrasonic waves and the velocity of...\nTypes of Flow Meters\nA flow meter is a flow rate measuring device used to determine the linear or nonlinear mass and volumetric flow of a liquid or a gas. The many names of flow meters include flow gauge, flow indicator, liquid meter, and flow rate sensor...\nA metering pump is a precision machine that moves or pumps a measured amount of fluid in a predetermined time to create volumetric flow. The term “metering pump” covers a wide range of pumping methods, each designed to meet...\nA rotameter is a device that measures the flow of fluid volume per unit time in a closed tube. There are diverse rotameters applications, including chemical injection/dosing and tank blanketing. A rotameter can be said...\nWater Filtering Systems\nA water filtering system is a mechanism that is designed to remove solid particles, tiny or large, from inside a liquid through the use of a filter medium that only allows the liquid to pass but restricts solid particles....\nA leak detector is a sensor used for monitoring a system that contains liquids, gasses, or other substances to ensure that the contained materials do not escape, leak, or otherwise leave the system. The leak detection process involves...\nA centrifugal pump is defined as a hydraulic machine that changes mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by the use of centrifugal force acting on the fluid. This is a machine that uses rotation to enforce velocity on a liquid...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pioneer River and Goosepond Creek Flood Studies\nThe Goosepond Creek Flood Study commenced in May 2007 and included the Janes Creek, Goosepond Creek and Vines Creek waterways with a combined catchment of 35km2. The Goosepond Creek catchment experienced an extreme flood event on 15 February 2008 and the study was expanded to assess the impact of this extreme flooding event. A draft Goosepond Creek Flood Study report was produced in September 2009.\nThe Goosepond/Vines Creek Flood Study, 2012 updates the data and flood modelling methodology and found that the Goosepond Creek flood (Feb 2008) was a 1-in-500 year event.\nThe Goosepond/Vines Creek Flood Study, 2012 provides clarity on the potential impact of climate change (sea level rise, increased rainfall intensity), and the effect of mitigating actions on flood levels in this catchment.\n- Goosepond Creek Flood Study Fact Sheet - March 2010 (PDF 3.0 MB)\n- Goosepond Creek/Vines Creek Flood Study - February 2012 (PDF 5.6 MB)\nGoosepond Creek (Including Pioneer River Flood Study)\nThe Goosepond Creek (including Pioneer River) Flood Study (WRM, October 2012) assessed the interaction of flood flows between Goosepond Creek and the Pioneer River. This study should be viewed as an addendum report to the Pioneer River Flood Study, 2011 and the Gooseponds/Vines Creek Flood Study, 2012 and be read in conjunction with them.\nThe Goosepond Creek (including Pioneer River) Flood Study (2012) reviewed findings from the earlier separate Goosepond River and Gooseponds/Vines Creek studies. The study used recently updated Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology the measure ground levels and determine flood flows. The flood level modelling considered the impact of stormtide events, historical river flood events, the impact of climate change to the year 2100 in estimating flood levels for events between 5 and 500 years.\nThe flood levels in the combined Goosepond Creek (including Pioneer River) Flood Study, 2012 now override the flood levels of the previous individual reports.\nThese assist in informing planning controls and consideration of flood risk within the Pioneer and Gooseponds catchments.\n- Goosepond Creek (Including Pioneer River Flood Study) - October 2012 (3.27 MB)\nPioneer River Flood Study\nThe Pioneer River is a major natural feature with a catchment of 1.560 km2 which impacts on planning and development along its waterways.\nSince the 1970s, numerous hydrologic and hydraulic studies have been undertaken to assess flood behaviour along the river.\nIn 2008, Council commissioned the Pioneer River Flood Study to determine flood risk from Mirani to its discharge into the South Pacific Ocean at Mackay City.\nThe Pioneer River Flood Study, 2011 includes an assessment of the impact of climate change, and provides detail on flood events for a range design flood events between 5 and 500 years. The study provides more accurate estimates of flood events and risk that the previous Pioneer River Flood Study, 2004 by Chaseling McGiffin Pty Ltd.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "VERTEX provided oversight on the surety’s behalf for the construction of a new dam on the Upper Kapahi Reservoir on Kauai, Hawaii. The dam was constructed to provide water storage for agricultural use. Large concrete box culverts were constructed and placed with a roadway prism being built up and paved over top. The crest of the structure built is at an elevation of 359 feet with a crest length of approximately 215 feet and a maximum height of about 23 feet. Access roads were graded to facilitate future maintenance of the box culverts and rock slope protection channels. A blanket drain and a toe drain were also constructed on the downstream side of the dam to control seepage and protect against internal erosion. VERTEX’s scope of services included construction relet, conducting weekly Owner/Architect/Contractor (OAC) meetings, monitoring construction progress and cost analysis, reviewing contractor’s schedule of values, processing payment, project closeout, and other construction administration services.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. West Parish Filter Number 3 Dam (MA 00610), Connecticut River Basin, Westfield, Massachusetts. Phase I Inspection Report.\nCORPS OF ENGINEERS WALTHAM MA NEW ENGLAND DIV\nPagination or Media Count:\nWest Parish Filter No. 3 Dam is an earthen embankment structure 37.5 feet high and 800 feet long. A side-channel spillway is located at the right abutment. It has a concrete overflow section which is 23.4 feet long. Outlet piping passes beneath the embankment and connects directly to the water treatment plant which serves the City of Springfield, Mass. The dam is situated on a very small 0.07 sq. mi drainage area, and serves as offstream storage and as a sedimentation basin for water which is piped from other dams. Based on the visual inspection, the dam is judged to be in fair condition. The following deficiencies were observed at the dam a soft, wet area near the downstream toe a row of evergreen trees along the downstream toe with some roots penetrating the embankment rodent holes on the downstream slope wheel tracks on the crest of the dam misaligned riprap and loose rock and trees overhanging the spillway low areas on the top of the dam and no means of controlling flow at the upstream end of the outlet conduit. The spillway capacity is about 335 percent of the routed test flood outflow of 142 cfs. During the test flood, the freeboard would be 1.9 feet.\n- Hydrology, Limnology and Potamology\n- Civil Engineering", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "MODEL 400 LIQUID MICROTURBINE\nThe Model 400 Liquid FLO-CONTROLLER provides low cost liquid flow control. Operating with liquids in the same way MFCs work with gases, an integrated flow sensor and proportional control valve provide a complete package. The heart of the FLO-CONTROLLER is the flow sensor, which provides flow rate feedback for accurate control. A Model 101 microturbine FLO-SENSOR is used for this purpose. The output of the flow sensor is sent to additional processing electronics, which compare the set point (provided remotely by the user) to the actual flow rate and adjust the valve accordingly. A error signal is generated if the FLO-CONTROLLER is unable to control.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pro Series filters provide efficient flow, totally balanced backwashing and an advanced self-cleaning under-drain system for the best value in filtration.\nFeatures. Durable corrosion-proof filter tank molded of color-fast material for long-lasting, all-weather performance. 7-position Vari-Flo valve provides maximum flow at lower pressure drop. Large pressure sand/water drain for rapid winterizing or servicing. Flange clamp design allows 360 rotation for easy installation. Integral top diffuser ensures even distribution of water over the entire sand bed for maximum use of the filtration area. Precision engineered umbrella-fold self cleaning laterals for balanced flow and backwashing, plus easy serviceability. 20 in.. 6-Position 1.5 in. Top Mount Valve. Requires 200# Sand. Dimension - 21 x 21 x 39 in.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Your cart is empty\nPressure reducing valve in ductile iron valve with pilot circuit in stainless steel designed to maintain the secondary pressure of the valve. The valve is drinking water approved. The valve can also be used as a shut-off valve. A number of functions can be added, for example pressure holding and pipe burst protection.Face to face acc. to EN 558-1.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Yuken Sequence Valves\nThese valves control the sequential operation of two or more actuators. If the inlet pressure exceeds a preset level, they deliver effective pressure to the outlet side. The valves can serve as pressure holding valves to maintain hydraulic pressure in a circuit. When a sequence valve is installed between a directional control valve and a cylinder, it needs reversed free flow; therefore, the valve should contain a check valve. The sequence valves and counterbalance valves, described in the next section, are generally known as H/HC type pressure control valves, and how they are assembled determines the nature of the combined valve, either H or HC type.\nNote that a sequence valve with an auxiliary pilot port can provide two-pressure control (high/low) by delivering the pilot pressure of the auxiliary pilot port to the pilot piston. Pressure required for this auxiliary remote control is approximately 1/8 of the adjustment pressure (approximately 1/16 when the adjustment pressure is 7 MPa (1 015 psi) or more). The example is shown in Fig. 3.10.\nCategories: Pressure Control Valves | Leave a comment", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is Sluice?\nA water channel to control flow of water or rate of flow on dam or river\nIntroduction of Sluice\nIpo Bridge Production\nSAMIL C&S steel business division gained recognition on sluice production ability through producing 6 gates of roller gate and new environmental scripture on ‘Ipo Bridge’ construction at the third site of the proejct han river restoration.\nVarious Sluice Construction\nSAMIL C&S steel business division distinguish itself based on high technology on various sluice production and installation construction such as sluice construction of spillway of Andong dam and Yeongju dam.\nSluice Construction Process\nSluice Construction Cases\nYoungJuDam spillWay floodgate constructionYoungJuDam spillWay floodgate construction\nspillWay floodgate constructionspillWay floodgate construction", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "RPA has served the City of East Helena for nearly 40 years, completing numerous water and wastewater system improvement projects for the City. Professional services have included funding/financial studies, rate studies, sanitary sewer collection, wastewater facilities planning, scheduling, flow monitoring, design and construction administration, and advanced tertiary metals removal. RPA recently completed a solid waste operational analysis and rate study for the City to analyze the solid waste rates, existing revenue, existing expenditures, and to discuss potential solid waste rates for two separate alternatives. RPA has just finished the design for installation of new water distribution mains in two separate locations. In addition, RPA designed a new 1.0MG prestressed concrete water storage tank and appurtenances. Construction will include installing the New Prestressed Tank, new transmission main and bypass piping connecting to the existing transmission piping, new overflow and drain piping connecting to the existing drain piping, demolition of the existing water tanks, and other site and building improvements.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A numerical analysis of the flow in a radial impeller will be presented with experimental validation. The low-pressure stage of a two-stage pump with a seven-blade runner and a vaned diffuser convoy will be under investigation. Initially, the vanes of the diffuser will be removed and only the impeller will be considered in order to emphasize the influence of the runner alone. Successively, the annular cascade of stationary vanes will be inserted. Experimental and numerical comparison will be made at the impeller inlet/outlet, focusing on the changing flow field at part load. The influence of the stator/rotor interactions on the onset of the reverse flow zones will be also analysed.\nFile in questo prodotto:\nNon ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Croatia keeps ownership of HEP's hydro components\nCroatian ownership will be retained for the already constructed reservoirs, supply and drainage channels and tunnels to ensure continuity of the water flow. HEP will acquire the right of construction on parts of existing hydroelectric facilities built on public waters for 99 years, without compensation. Legal right of management will be acquired over accumulations, inlet and drainage channels and the land under them, during the construction process. In the case of constructing a new hydro power plant, a potential investor has limited options, all of which include the Republic of Croatia to be the owner of accumulations, inlet and drainage tunnels. The Law on waters is available on the pages of the Croatian Government (link).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "About the document\nIn the lower River Murray, the operation of Lake Victoria, a large off-channel water storage downstream of the junction of the Murray and Darling rivers, has the potential to profoundly influence longitudinal connectivity, riverine hydraulics and associated ecological processes. Under natural conditions, Lake Victoria only received inflows during periods of high river flow. The lake is now one of the River Murray’s four major water storages and is used to manage flows to the lower River Murray.\nThe aim of this project was to investigate how current operation of Lake Victoria influences riverine hydraulics (e.g. water velocity) and zooplankton communities. Zooplankton provide a key link between primary producers and higher trophic organisms (e.g. fish), and riverine hydraulics are a major driver of zooplankton community composition and abundance.\nThe diversion of flow may alter longitudinal connectivity, riverine hydraulics and downstream matter transport, with associated ecological impacts. In recognition of this, the Commonwealth Environmental Water Office (CEWO) and Murray–Darling Basin Authority (MDBA) River Murray Operations Division are exploring potential changes to the operation of Lake Victoria. New operating rules are currently being considered and developed that aim to:\n- Improve environmental outcomes associated with increased longitudinal and lateral connectivity of river flows downstream of Lock 9 (increased flow past Lock 9);\n- Improve water quality delivered to South Australia during periods of low river flow; and\n- Improve water quality in Lake Victoria and the main channel during periods of high river flow.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This control valve is a low shear valve that controls fluid flow by means of action of shear force. Through the conversion of energy to affect the fluid flow velocity, velocity gradient is decreased, and subsequently varying the size of flow path to the effect of flow control.\nThe low shear control valve is featured by high control accuracy, easy on-site operation and high ratio of viscosity retention.\nStandard: API, ASME, EN, ISO, JIS, DIN, BS, GB\nMaterial: carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, etc.\nNominal size: NPS 1\"-NPS 12\" (DN25-DN300)\nPressure: CL150-CL2500 (PN10-PN420)\nTemperature range: -196°C to +590°C\nValve operation: manual, bevel gear, pneumatic, electric, pneumatic-hydraulic, electro-hydraulic, etc.\nFlow path is designed with Venturi structure, efficiently preventing the liquid fluid flow from sudden changes in the flow velocity and direction when it passes through the valve. Besides, the design helps reducing the viscosity loss of the fluid during the process of valve modulation, enabling the operation effect to be highly guaranteed;\nWide adjustment range, high precision of flow characteristic curve and good dynamic stability; Capable of controlling fluid flow velocity, protecting valve trims from being eroded and greatly reducing noise level;\nTight sealing performance can be ensured under conditions of a range from low pressure to high pressure, the sealing effect is reliable even if the control valve is frequently opened and closed at high differential pressure;\nCompact and simple structure, small space required for installation, quick opening/closing function, easy to maintenance;\nAs a trustworthy manufacturer of skid-mounted system for oil and gas, ZJJLZK specializes in the design, manufacture and supply of various industrial valves to control fluid flow in piping system, as well as provide skid-mounted solutions for water & gas injection, flow metering and oily wastewater treatment. Over the years, ZJJLZK has earned the trust of our customers with our professional expertise in design and fabrication of custom manufactured skid mounted systems, such as crude oil metering skid, water injection skid, skid-mounted wastewater treatment system, etc. We continue to strive to maintain the highest standard of quality flow control valve and skid-mounted equipment by constant growth and improvement in aspects of design, development, manufacturing, installation and service.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "RS Security Co., Ltd.\nSenthil Kumaran Jun 29, 2019 4Great 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker for my needs.\nAzeem Hashmi Jun 23, 2019 5Received the 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker very fast. Good communication with seller.\nStephanie Tan Tan Jun 16, 2019 5The 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker has a reasonable price. Recommend.\nJackie Dickie Jun 11, 2019 5Came quickly.The 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker is As expected.\nMr.kishore Suratkal May 26, 2019 5The 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker is amazing, which is better than the last one I bought. Great supplier!\nChristina Lee May 25, 2019 4I purchased this 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker based on the positive reviews. The product is really good, but the shipping time need to be shortened.\nEdwin Cruz May 12, 2019 4The 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker is worthy the price and I like to communicate with professional staff like them.\nDawn Hale May 07, 2019 5I am pleased with this 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker .Thanks manufacturer!\nCathy Cheung Apr 29, 2019 5The delivery can be faster.\nNeko Apr 25, 2019 5great product and customer service.Highly recommend RS Security Co., Ltd. company!\nRajan Apr 25, 2019 5Recommended. thanks\nLily Apr 20, 2019 5This 3 Meters Hydraulic Blocker is extremely well and received very fast.\nYOU MAY LIKE\nHydraulic 4-Meters Bending Forming Machine\nhydraulic road blocker hydraulic power pack unit\nProduct Description hydraulic road blocker hydraulic power pack unit This power unit is designed exclusively for large sized lift table which consists of high pressure gear pump AC motor multi functional manifold valves tank ect The lowering movement is activated by the solenoid valve with the...\nWC67Y 200T/4000 4 Meters Hydraulic Press Brake\nProduct Description CNC Synchro Hydraulic Press Brake 1 Hydraulic system A complete electrolyte servo synchro CNC Computer Numerical Control controlled press brake Adopt Bosch electrolyte servo system from Germany Mechanical system Two light rulers are installed at the two ends of the slide making...\ncnc hydraulic press brake 6 meters\nSpecifications 1 High precision Wide application 2 EU CE Certification 3 CQC ISO9001 2008 4 High performance 5 Easy to operation CNC Synchro Press Brake 1 Hydraulic system A complete electrolyte servo synchro CNC Computer Numerical Control controlled press brake Adopt Bosch electrolyte servo system...\nLDG Series Electro magnetic Flowmeter/hydraulic flow meters\nHydraulic flow meters MT100TF from METERY\nUltrasonic clamp on hydraulic flow meters sensor\nHydraulic crude oil flow meters\nHydraulic crude oil flow meter\nFX 6 meters hydraulic bending machine\nFX 4 meters hydraulic plate bending machine\nFoton 4x2 12-16 meters hydraulic high working truck\nFoton 4x2 12 16 meters hydraulic high working truck Product Description The high altitude truck is stable and reliable performance mainly used for various conditions for aerial working such as electrical line maintenance high altitude cleaning pruning trees and so on This series product adopt well...\nJMC rotation 360 16 meters hydraulic lift platform truck\nJMC rotation 360 16 meters hydraulic lift platform truck Product Description High Altitude Operation Truck mainly means the truck that could lift up and down the platform to operate by several hydraulic cylinder supported with the hydraulic system or electric system above the height of 3 meters The...\nDongfeng 16 meters hydraulic aerial working truck\n200 Meters Hydraulic Portable Water Well Drilling Rig Price\nLog Trailer with 6 meters hydraulic log crane\nDongfeng 20 meters hydraulic aerial cage from original factory for sale\nQC11K-10*6000 Heavy duty guillotine machine 6 meter , metal hydraulic cutting machine 6 meters\nPlate Shearing Machine , shearing machine for sale , 3 Meters Hydraulic Steel Plate Shearing Machine\n4 meters hydraulic guillotine shear for 12mm iron plate\nSEND US A MESSAGE\nWe didn't put all products on website. If you can't find the product you're looking for, please contact us for more information.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Natural Gas Compressor Rod Seals Sets Compressor Ring\nFor pistons or piston rods operating in hydraulic cylinders, the Wear Ring has a precise guiding action and absorbs radial forces. At the same time, the Wear Ring prevents metal contact of the sliding parts in the hydraulic cylinder. Non-metallic wear rings have many advantages over metal wear rings.\nWear Ring provides guidance and support for the piston and piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. As well as absorbing lateral loads. At the same time, it can prevent metal contact between the moving parts of the cylinder and optimize the performance of the sealing system.\n|PTFE+Carbon, PTFE+Bronze, PTFE+Phenolic\n|Hydraulic Oil, Water, Oil, etc\n|15N/mm²（40℃） 7.5N/mm²（80℃） 5N/mm²（120℃）\n|Brown, Green, Black, etc\n|Provides guidance and support for the piston and piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. As well as absorbing lateral loads.\n● Good wear resistance\n● Avoid contact between metals\n● Can suppress mechanical vibration\n● Due to the centering action of the wear ring, a large radial clearance is allowed\n● The groove is simple and easy to install\n● Low maintenance costs are based on the above advantages, so it is widely used", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Currently, the contribution of renewable energy resources, such as wind power, in power systems is increasing in large, interconnected systems. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy poses a profound challenge to power system operation and planning. Using energy storage systems can facilitate wind power integration in isolated systems. Pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) plants are by far the most established technology for energy storage on a large-scale. In dry coastal areas, seawater PHES can be used to facilitate the integration of large scale renewable energy resources. In Oman, the potential of renewable energy resources has not been exploited yet. This article presents a techno-economic evaluation case study of using a combined wind power and PHES power plant to highlight its economic feasibility. PHES systems can enable higher penetration of renewable energy in isolated systems, therefore reducing the dependency on fossil fuels.\n|الصفحات (من إلى)||1363-1375|\n|دورية||International Journal of Renewable Energy Research|\n|حالة النشر||Published - 2017|\nASJC Scopus subject areas", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Wave Setup and Design Water Levelby Uwe A. Hansen, Research Engr.; Leichtweiss-Institut, Technical Univ. of Braunschweig, Federal Republic of Germany,\nSerial Information: Journal of the Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Division, 1978, Vol. 104, Issue 2, Pg. 227-240\nDocument Type: Journal Paper\nDuring the winter of 1975-76 measurements were made by the Leichtweiss-Institut of the Technical University of Braunschweig at the west coast of the island of Sylt in the North Sea. The purpose of the field investigations was to determine the wave-induced setup in the surf zone and on the beach, defined as the height difference between the mean water level (MWL) and the still water level (SWL) and the influence of typical offshore parameters on this phenomenon. A new scheme was defined to determine the MWL as the mean value of the water surface variations measured at incremental time intervals over a certain time span. The maximum setup on the beach can reach values up to 30% of the incident significant wave height. The field investigations have shown that the rise of the mean water level due to wave setup is significant and should be taken in account in determining the design water level for coastal structures.\nSubject Headings: Water level | Water waves | Hydraulic design | Field tests | Beaches | Islands | Colleges and universities | Seas and oceans | Winter | North Sea\nServices: Buy this book/Buy this article\nReturn to search", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rising River Levels End Extended Dredging Season\nDate Posted: February 14, 2013\nThis article is reprinted from the USDA's Feb. 14 Grain Transportation Report.\nOn February 5, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) stopped sediment dredging operations along the Mississippi River between Cairo, IL, and St. Louis, MO, for the season.\nThe Corps-owned dredging equipment is on standby status until needed.\nThe dredging season usually ends in early December, but was extended to maintain the shipping channel during the period of low-water levels.\nRecent water levels have increased since earlier this winter. Low water also required the removal of rock formations at Thebes and Grand Tower, IL.\nAlthough the rock removal is almost complete, the work has been temporarily suspended because of high water, currents, and debris.\nWithout additional rain, river hydrograph forecasts by the Corps indicate the river flows will sustain navigation through mid-March.\nOn March 17, the Corps has scheduled to start navigation flow releases on the Missouri River, which could help increase water levels on the Mississippi River at St. Louis.\nFor more information, call Surajudeen (Deen) Olowolayemo, USDA, at 202-694-3050.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A model study to investigate the sediment transport and cross-shore sediment flux near the shoreline is conducted for marine sand mining operation in Kyunggi Bay, Korea. A modeling effort using a 3-dimensional model, a wave model and wave-current sediment flux model has been applied to the study area. The ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System), SWAN and the Harris and Wiberg (2001) model represent the basic modules of the 3-dimensional hydrodynamics, wave transformation in shallow water and sediment transport respectively. The goal of the current study is to estimate the cross-shore sediment flux to quantify the erosion vulnerability of the shoreline by imposing various dredging intensity as inreal situation. Being the wave and current interaction considered, the sediment transport model adopts the outputs of ROMS and SWAN for any designated time and space in the computation field. The realistic hydrodynamic conditions and wave field obtained from 20-year wave statistics enhance the prediction of erosion process according to the water depth, offshore distance from the shoreline and dredging intensity (volume and frequency etc).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1. The bottom valve is installed at the bottom of the oil suction pipeline of refueling machine tank to prevent the oil level from declining.\n2. The dual valve design which can provide additional protection is the ideal choice during installation. Not subject to influences, the valve is guaranteed with higher reliability.\n3. The bottom valve providing accurate hard sealing is recommended to be used on oil suction pipelines with pressure up to 15PSI.\n4. All the bottom valves are checked with air pressure to guarantee its accuracy.\n5. The filter can protect the valve against attack from impurities and scraps.\n6. 100% factory inspection.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "550 stainless steel security water filter diameter\nsecurity stainless steel water filter diameter\nsecurity stainless steel water filter diameter profile:\nif the filter is made of stainless steel material, ah pressure through concentrate filtration material.\nand residue on the filter material, the filtrate through filtering material flow, so as to achieve filtering purposes.\nif filter filters filter precision grade can be divided into a built-in. Umum, etc.\nthe customer can choose different filtration precision according to different occasions.\nsecurity stainless steel water filter diameter parameters:\nfilter length: the number of inches\nwall thickness: mm\nconnection mode: flange with rocker\nI company can produce according to customer requirements, can according to the customer to provide the parameters of the\nchoose suitable water filter.\nother products: guangzhou filter source water filter co. , LTD.\nblue filter DN\nSLQSS series of acidic water filter\ncoarse water filter LEX\ncaliber DNY type filters\nsupply Y type filter screen", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The spillage will be the results of eliminating excessive water pressure to the system due to the continuous pumping from the water supply.\n\"During this maintenance process the city's water tower atop Park Hill will need to be emptied,\" said Eastland Public Works Director Bobby Jacoby, \"and to do this we will stop pumping to the tower from the water supply district, allowing the tank to drain under normal use. At that time the city will be supplied water direct from the pumps at the water district plant and a continuous pumping creates excessive water pressure in the lines. To relieve excess pressure we will open fire hydrants in certain areas, mainly in an area on the west end of Plummer street, along Neblett street and around the high school hill.\"\nThere should be no need for any type of water restrictions during this maintenance time. Should you have questions about this matter, please feel free to contact City Hall at 254-629-8321.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "by thedoctor, published\nThis piston has a cylinder head, so it can be powered on the up and down stroke. Another entry for the Makerbot giveaway.\nAs with my other piston, you will need to split the document into two, the cylinder, and the piston rod. the piston rod half also indludes the cylinder head. use a file and a pair of calipers to get a snug fit. Next, drill four small holes through the cylinder head into the wall of the cylinder, so it can be screwed on. slot the piston rod into the cylinder befor screwing the cylinder head on.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "采用流体型设计． CVWR Wafer Type Silent Check Valve adopts fluid type design. Small head loss. The internal spring accelerates closing to achieve a silent effect: metal-to-metal ensures reliable sealing. Small installation space. It can be installed at the water outlet of the pump, which can avoid the occurrence of water hammer, water hammer and breaking impact to achieve the purpose of preventing backflow and protecting equipment. 广泛用于给排水、消防、建筑、暖通、工业系统。 H44X (SFCV) rubber flap check valve is widely used in water supply and drainage, fire protection, construction, HVAC, industrial systems.\nSecond, the main technical parameters of CVWR wafer type check valve\nCVWR Wafer Type Silent Check Valve Material Description\nFourth, the main dimensions of CVWR wafer type check valve (Flange drilling is connected to GB / Tl724) 6-1998 standard Unit mm", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Slide Gate / Sluice GateJune 26, 2021 2021-06-26 8:00\nSlide Gate / Sluice Gate\nThese are the vertically sliding gates which are used to isolate/control the water flow from the chamber/ in the chamber. These are used for the various types of water head applications like Seating, Unseating and weir. Which can be operated manually, electrically,pneumatically hydraulically as pe client demand.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pressure Gauge Reliability\nRugged construction to guarantee reliability even under extreme operating conditions. Finally, excellent vibration resistance enhanced with the shape of the tube inserted and welded in the socket.\nSee also quick release couplings Centre Point Hydraulic can supply!\nA pressure gauge is a fluid intensity measurement device. Pressure gauges are for the set-up and tuning of fluid power machines, and are indispensable in troubleshooting them. Without pressure gauges, fluid power systems would be both – unpredictable, and unreliable. First of all gauges help to ensure there are no leaks or pressure changes that could affect the operating condition of the hydraulic system.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ultrasonic flow meters\nUltrasonic flow meters have been designed for industrial application where they can measure flow rate of a wide range of liquid media, whether electrically conductive or not, including specific corrosive liquids. The scope of application for ultrasonic flow meters covers many functions in practically all industry lines.\nIn ultrasonic flow meters, the flow rate values are determined from the difference between the travel times of ultrasonic waves propagating in the measured liquid in and against the flow direction.\nUltrasonic flow meters are noted for high accuracy, excellent long-term stability of measurement over a wide range of measured values, low hydraulic losses and simple maintenance. Ultrasonic flow meters are supplied in optional configurations according to the customer requirements, for a wide range of piping sizes. The associated electronic control unit supplies power to the ultrasonic probes, processes the sensor signals and shows the measured values on the meter display. The measured values are also available at optional electric signal outputs.\n- high measurement accuracy\n- long-term measurement stability over a wide range of measured values\n- high operational reliability and practically no maintenance requirements\n- extra-low hydraulic losses\n- optional long-distance transfer of measured data\nModel of Ultrasonic Flow Meters :", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When the fire protection system is initially pressurized, water flows into the system until the water supply and system pressure become equalized, and the torsion Spring closes the Waterway Clapper in the Alarm Check Valve. Once the pressures stabilize, the Alarm Check Valve is in service and the centrally located groove in the Seat Ring is sealed. Consequently, with the Alarm Check Valve set for service, there is no flow through the alarm port to the alarm devices (i.e., water motor alarm and/or pressure alarm switch).\nWhen there is a steady flow of water into the sprinkler system due to a sprinkler operation, the Waterway Clapper opens. Water is then permitted to flow into the centrally located groove in the Seat Ring and out through the alarm port towards the Restriction Assembly. When the flow through the Inlet Restriction of the Restriction Assembly exceeds the flow through the Outlet Restriction, the Retard Chamber (where provided for systems with variable pressure)\nSubsequently, the Water Motor Alarm and/or the pressure alarm switch will be actuated. The alarms will continue\nto be actuated as long as the Waterway Clapper remains open. Water in the alarm lines will automatically drain out through the 1/8 inch (3,2 mm) Drain Orifice in the Restriction Assembly when the Waterway Clapper closes (due to a stop in the flow of water into the sprinkler system).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic connections are a whole complex of joints and mounting elements for hydraulic systems. These are hydraulic nozzles, pressed bushings, adapters, connectors for hydraulic pipes, hydraulic pipes, pipe holders and other elements. Hydraulic joints are made of steel or stainless steel. When choosing connections, it is important to take into account the purpose of the hydraulic system, the pressure used, temperature, environmental conditions and other factors. A separate group of hydraulic connections are hydraulic fittings, which are pressed with hydraulic hoses using pressing ferrules and special equipment – pressing presses for hydraulic hoses. In the installation of hydraulic systems, hydraulic pipes and brackets for hydraulic pipes for their installation are widely used. Brackets are made of plastic.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Charles River Dam Closed\nThe flow of the Charles River was stopped yesterday by the closing of the dam that has been under construction for several months near the Craigie Bridge. The cutting off of the river channel is to allow the construction of the main section of the permanent dam and roadway. It will be fully a year from now before the completion of the entire work can be observed, for after the dam is finished a roadway 100 feet wide is to be built along its top, serving as a permanent substitute for the old Craigie Bridge. The shutting off of the water will benefit rowing conditions, since the high water will increase the number of long stretches, and there will be no apparent current.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Modeling water purification by an aquaporin-inspired graphene-based nano-channel\nUnderstanding the mechanism of water and particle transport through thin-film membranes is essential to improve the water permeability and the salt rejection rate of the purification progress. In this research, mimicking from the structure and operation of the aquaporin channel, graphene-based nano-channels were designed to be used as a water filter. The effects of variation of the channel’s main elements, such as the width of the bottleneck and charges attached to the channel on its efficiency, were investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. We observe that the water flow through the channel decreases by increasing the charge, while the ion rejection rate of the channel is enhanced. Moreover, we find that the geometry and shape of the bottleneck part of the channel can affect the channel water flow and its selectivity. Finally, the pressure and the flow velocity in the channel were considered by using finite element models, and the results indicate that they are high at the entrance of the channel. The outcomes of this study can be used to improve the molecular knowledge of water desalination, which might be helpful in designing more efficient membranes.\nKeywordsWater desalination Aquaporin Graphene-based channel Molecular dynamics simulation\n- 9.Gong X, Li J, Lu H, Wan R, Li J, Hu J, Fang H (2007) A charge-driven molecular water pump. Nature 2:709–712Google Scholar\n- 34.SJ Tuart, AB Tutein, JA Harrison (2000) A reactive potential for hydrocarbons with intermolecular interactions, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 6472–6486Google Scholar\n- 36.Allen M, Tildesley DJ (1987) Computer simulation of liquids. Oxford University Press, New YorkGoogle Scholar\n- 37.COMSOL Multiphysics. Key: citeulike: 3255057Google Scholar\n- 38.Conway BE (1981) Ionic hydration in chemistry and biophysics. Elsevier Science, Ltd.Google Scholar", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Flow control valve actuated by longitudinal motion of ball element\nThermal Liquid/Valves/Flow Control Valves\nThe Ball Valve (TL) block models the flow reduction due to a ball valve in a thermal liquid network. The valve consists of a ball on a perforated seat with a cylindrical or conical shape. The valve opens when the ball undergoes a positive displacement from its seat, allowing fluid to flow through the seat perforation.\nBall Valve Seat Types\nA smoothing function allows the valve opening area to change smoothly between the fully closed and fully open positions. The smoothing function does this by removing the curve discontinuities at the zero and maximum ball positions. The figure shows the effect of smoothing on the valve opening area curve.\nOpening-Area Curve Smoothing\nThe block computes the valve opening area directly from valve\ngeometry parameters. The calculation depends on the Valve\nseat specification parameter setting. If the valve seat\nis set to\nSharp-edged, the valve opening\narea is based on the geometrical expression:\nS is the valve opening area.\nro is the valve orifice radius.\nrb is the valve ball radius.\ndOB(h) is the distance between the center of the ball (point O in the figure) and the edge of the orifice (point B). This distance is a function of the valve lift (h).\nConical, the valve opening area is based on the geometrical expression:\nθ is the angle between the conical seat wall and centerline.\nThe valve opening expressions introduce undesirable discontinuities at the fully open and fully closed positions. The block eliminates these discontinuities using polynomial expressions that smooth the transitions to and from the fully open and fully closed positions. The valve smoothing expressions are\nλL is the smoothing expression for the fully closed portion of the valve opening curve.\nλR is the smoothing expression applied to the fully open portion of the valve opening curve.\nhMax is the maximum valve lift.\nΔhsmooth is the valve lift smoothing region:\nThe smoothed valve opening area is given by the piecewise conditional expression\nSR is the smoothed valve opening area.\nSLeak is the valve leakage area.\nSMax is the maximum valve opening area:\nThe mass conservation equation in the valve is\nis the mass flow rate into the valve through port A.\nis the mass flow rate into the valve through port B.\nThe energy conservation equation in the valve is\nϕA is the energy flow rate into the valve through port A.\nϕB is the energy flow rate into the valve through port B.\nThe momentum conservation equation in the valve is\npA and pB are the pressures at port A and port B.\nis the mass flow rate.\nis the critical mass flow rate:\nρAvg is the average liquid density.\nCd is the discharge coefficient.\nS is the valve inlet area.\nPRLoss is the pressure ratio:\nChoice of valve seat geometry. Options include\nConical. The default setting is\nAngle formed by the sides of the conical seat. This parameter is\nactive only when the Valve seat specification\nparameter is active. The default value is\nDiameter of the spherical control member. The default value is\nDiameter of the valve opening. The default value is\nControl member offset from the zero position. The control member\ndisplacement is the sum of the input signal S and the displacement\noffset specified. The default value is\nArea through which fluid can flow in the fully closed valve position.\nThis area accounts for leakage between the valve inlets. The default\nPortion of the opening-area curve to smooth expressed as a fraction.\nSmoothing eliminates discontinuities at the minimum and maximum flow\nvalve positions. The smoothing factor must be between\n1. Enter a value of\n0 for zero smoothing. Enter a value of\n1 for full-curve smoothing. The default value is\nArea normal to the direction of flow at the valve inlets. This area is\nassumed the same for all the inlets. The default value is\nDistance traversed by the fluid between the valve inlets. The default\nRatio of the actual mass flow rate through the valve to its ideal, or\ntheoretical, value. The discharge coefficient accounts for the effects\nof valve geometry. The value must be between\nReynolds number at which flow transitions between laminar and\nturbulent regimes. Flow is laminar below this number and turbulent above\nit. The default value is\nMass flow rate into the component through port A\nat the start of simulation. The default value is\nA — Thermal liquid conserving port representing valve inlet A\nB — Thermal liquid conserving port representing valve inlet B\nS — Physical signal input port for the control member displacement", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "discount 70% in 2018-09-19 to 2018-09-21\nprice: USD$ 98.21\nfreight :USD$7.00,(Postal parcel)\nSearch Similar or mail to saler or send message to saler\nThis link has 2 same price, a user can set pressure water shortage, such as video consistent, another water shortage pressure is set according to the lower limit starting pressure automatically set more simple, now shipped for water pressure value can be set, 0-10KG pressure can be set! 4 pure copper interface!\nMobile phone watch video copy, the key to see:http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNzI2MjAyNjIw.html?from=s1.8-1-1.2&spm=a2h0k.8191407.0.0\nAll of these are the pressure of water shortage protection!!\nBe carefulWhen the pressure switch is installed on the pump and the water pipe, don't use the hand to grasp the plastic shell. It should be jammed by the wrench tool and the 6 corners are tightened!\nSubmersible pump, pipeline pump, centrifugal pump and other non stop valve of the water pump refit automatically, must install a stop valve (Dan Xiangfa), to prevent water backflow, so as to achieve perfect automation;", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Learning objective 1 – Evaluate the domestic water distribution system using plans and fixture rough-in sheets.\n- Determine the location of fixtures.\n- Identify the size of the pipe to be installed.\n- Determine the route of the water supply piping.\n- Determine the location the water heater, water softener, and hose bibbs.\nLearning objective 2 – Install water service and a water distribution system.\n- Install water service and rough-ins.\n- Install proper water hammer protection.\n- Install shower and tub valves.\n- Install ice maker and washing machine boxes.\n- Install puncture protection and in-wall supports.\nLearning objective 3 – Test a water supply system.\n- Perform an air test.\n- Perform a hydrostatic test.\nPerformance task 1 (Learning objective 2) • Correctly size and install a water service line including backflow preventer.\nPerformance task 2 (Learning objective 2) • Locate a water meter.\nPerformance task 3 (Learning objective 1) • Develop a water supply piping material takeoff from a given set of plans.\nPerformance task 4 (Learning objective 1) Using instructor-provided plans and fixture rough-in sheets, determine the location of fixtures and the route of the water supply piping.\nPerformance task 5 (Learning objective 4) Test a water supply system.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Flood Effect on Groundwater Recharge on a Typical Silt Loam Soil\nAbstractFloods are of great concern as the global climate changes, and investigations of flood water infiltration and groundwater recharge are important for water resource management worldwide, especially under conditions of global climate changes. However, information on the relationship between the flood water and groundwater recharge is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the flood water depth and the height of groundwater rise using lysimeters and numerical modeling in the floodplain of the Tarim River in northwestern China. The experimental results suggested that the rise in height of the groundwater table was closely related to the flood water ponding depth, and the groundwater depth decreased quickly after flooding due to the high infiltration rate of water originating at the Tarim River. The water table falling velocity was significantly less than the water table rising velocity. If the initial groundwater table was deeper, the variation in the water table rise depth was smaller and the water table falling velocity was slower. The numerical simulation results showed good agreement with the observed data, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.87 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 63.91 cm. A good relationship (R2 = 0.789) between the initial groundwater table depth (H0), initial soil water content (W0), flood water depth (h), and height of the water table rise (H) was established. Considering that natural and artificial flood frequencies are related to flood time interval (dt), a relationship (R2 = 0.892) was developed between them. These results can enhance the understanding of flood recharge characteristics in the floodplains of inland rivers. View Full-Text\nShare & Cite This Article\nZhang, G.; Feng, G.; Li, X.; Xie, C.; Pi, X. Flood Effect on Groundwater Recharge on a Typical Silt Loam Soil. Water 2017, 9, 523.\nZhang G, Feng G, Li X, Xie C, Pi X. Flood Effect on Groundwater Recharge on a Typical Silt Loam Soil. Water. 2017; 9(7):523.Chicago/Turabian Style\nZhang, Guohua; Feng, Gary; Li, Xinhu; Xie, Congbao; Pi, Xiaoyu. 2017. \"Flood Effect on Groundwater Recharge on a Typical Silt Loam Soil.\" Water 9, no. 7: 523.\nNote that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Wind power based pumped storage, Faroe Islands\nThe study outlines a pumped storage scheme on the island including waterways and power station with pumps, turbines and related equipment. The idea is to utilise periods of surplus wind power (e.g. during night time) for pumping of water between reservoirs and to produce hydropower to enhance the power system during periods of higher power demand (e.g. during daytime).\nLearn more on the work on energy supply in Sparsely Populated Areas", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The topic today of our Modo Pump is coming!\nWe Modo Pump would like to talk with you the pump assembling today.In order to make the pump a long life,what kind of problem we should consider and avoid it?Please check details as follows:\nThere are three types of slurry pump layout: open air layout, semi open air layout and indoor layout outdoor. A.The sand slurry pumps arranged in the open air are usually arranged at the lower side of the pipe gallery or near the equipment to be pumped. The utility model has the advantages of good ventilation, convenient operation and maintenance;\nB. Semi open air layout. The high pressure multistage pumps arranged in the semi open air are suitable for rainy areas. Generally, the water pumps are arranged under the pipe gallery, and the canopy is arranged on the upper part of the pipe above. Or the pump shall be arranged on the lower floor of the frame, with the frame platform as the canopy. These centrifugal high head pumps can be arranged in single row, double row or row according to the design layout requirements related to pumps.\nC. indoor layout In cold or windy areas, the centrifugal water pump can be arranged indoors. If the process requires the equipment to be arranged indoors, the water pump to which it belongs shall also be arranged indoors.\n2.Specific requirements for pump layout\nA. We Modo Pump arranged the pumps in rows shall be arranged in groups according to the fire protection requirements, operation conditions and material characteristics; when the water pumps are arranged in open air and semi open air, the combustible liquid pumps with the operating temperature equal to or higher than the self ignition point shall be arranged in a centralized way; the fire separation distance between the water pumps and the combustible liquid pumps with the operating temperature lower than the self ignition point shall be no less than 4.5m; the fire separation distance between the pumps and the liquid hydrocarbon pumps shall be no less than7.5m; B. When the water pumps are arranged in rows, it is better to align the center line of the pump end and the inlet, or the foundation sideline of the pump end; 3. When the pumps are arranged in double rows, the power ends of the two rows of multistage water pumps should be opposite, and the maintenance channel should be left in the middle; 4. When the pumps are arranged under or outside the main pipe gallery, the minimum clear width of the channel in the pump area is 2m, the minimum clear height is 3M, and the width of the operation channel in front of the pump end should not be less than 1m;\nIf you have any question about the pump assembling,welcome to email us!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pipe Surge and Water Hammer Apparatus\nA freestanding unit designed to demonstrate the phenomena of pipe surge and water hammer when connected to a Hydraulics Bench\nIncludes two separate stainless steel test pipes, both 3m long, constant head tank, slow acting valve, fast acting valve etc\nA transparent surge shaft (40 mm diameter and 800mm high) with scale allows transient water levels to be observed and timed\nElectronic sensors used to measure pressure transients at two locations in the water hammer test pipe, one adjacent to fast acting valve and one half way along the test pipe.\nPressure transients monitored using a PC (not supplied) using a USB connection from the pressure transducers (requires no external electrical supply)\nStraight metal pipes used, rather than a coiled arrangement, to minimize distortion to the pressure profile\nThe equipment is freestanding and comprises two stainless steel test pipes connected to a constant head tank with the necessary connections to an Hydraulics Bench.\nPipe surge demonstrations are conducted using the first test pipe which incorporates a transparent surge shaft and lever operated valve at the discharge end. An additional valve downstream allows the flow through the test pipe to be varied before closing the lever operated valve. A scale on the surge shaft allows the low speed transients in water level to be measured.\nWater hammer demonstrations are conducted using the second test pipe which incorporates a fast acting valve at the discharge end. An additional valve downstream allows the flow through the test pipe to be varied before closing the fast acting valve.\nTappings incorporating electronic pressure sensors are located in the test pipe adjacent to the fast acting valve and half way along the test pipe. These sensors measure the high speed pressure transients inside the pipe as the water hammer travels backwards and forwards along the test pipe. The time delay between the sensors can be used to determine the speed of sound through the water that is attenuated by the elasticity of the metal pipe wall.\nThe pressure sensors are connected to a conditioning unit with USB connection for direct connection to a PC. The transient pressure waves can be analysed on the PC (not supplied) using the software supplied. The pressure sensors are powered from the USB port on the PC so no additional power supply is necessary.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Time of issue:2019-07-30 00:00:00\n★ Working medium\n1. It is recommended to choose l-hm46 or similar viscosity hydraulic oil in summer and l-hm32 or similar viscosity hydraulic oil in winter.\n2. Working oil temperature range - 20 ℃ to 80 ℃.\n3. The cleanliness of the system directly affects the reliability of the hydraulic components. Before refueling, the oil tank and pipeline should be fully cleaned. Generally, the pump sucks the oil filter with 100 mesh filtration accuracy (its rated flow rate should not be less than twice of the pump flow rate), and the oil return pipeline is connected with the oil filter with 25 μ m filtration accuracy.\n★ Pump installation\n1. The support structure of oil pump (motor) should be firm, rigid and can fully absorb vibration.\n2. The oil pump (motor) can be installed in any direction (preferably horizontally). The shaft of pump and motor must be aligned, and the coaxiality should be controlled within 0.1mm. Please note that no radial or axial load is allowed on the pump shaft, no rigid connection is allowed, and it must be driven by flexible coupling.\n3. The suction resistance should not be too high to prevent cavitation. The allowable vacuum of the pump is 110mm. The installation shall be close to the oil tank as far as possible, and the suction height shall not be greater than 500mm.\n4. Pay attention to the connection flange, the joint and the whole suction pipe must be strictly sealed to prevent leakage. Otherwise, it will cause noise, system vibration, and generate a large number of bubbles in the tank, and reduce the life of the pump.\n5. The diameter of oil suction pipe of oil pump shall not be less than that of pump inlet.\n6. There should be no partition in the oil tank to separate the bubbles and dirt brought by the return oil. The oil return pipe should be extended below the oil level (not directly connected with the pump inlet) to prevent bubbles caused by oil return splash.\n1. Before starting the oil pump, the oil inlet and outlet should be checked, and the direction of rotation of the pump should be consistent with the direction indicated on the label (if the direction of rotation is not indicated when ordering, the pump should be supplied clockwise).\n2. When starting, it should be started formally after the inching operation is normal under no-load condition as far as possible.\n3. Due to the pump assembly or long-term shutdown and restart, there will be suction phenomenon, so the vent valve should be installed at the oil outlet, or the outlet flange and joint should be loosened to release air.\n1. The oil pump must be coated with anti rust oil, and the internal surface of the motor must be properly preserved if it is not used.\n2. Check the performance of the oil regularly, replace it in time when it fails to meet the requirements, and clean the oil tank.\n3. The oil filter should be cleaned frequently to ensure smooth oil suction.\n4. Maintain normal oil level. When the capacity of piping and oil cylinder is very large, although enough oil is put in at first, after starting, the oil level will drop and the oil filter will expose the oil level, so it is necessary to replenish oil again. In the process of use, there will be leakage, so the oil level meter should be set in the oil tank to observe and replenish oil frequently.\n5. When piping, the residual iron and slag in the oil tank and pipeline, especially the cloth strip, often cause the failure of the oil pump, so we must pay attention to the cleaning.\n6. The regulating pressure of safety valve should not be too high, generally 1.25 times of the rated pressure of pump.\n7. Keep the oil temperature in the range of - 20 ~ 80 ℃, the best is 35 ~ 50 ℃. If necessary, set heater and cooler to adjust oil temperature.\n8. After the oil pump (motor) works for a period of time, (due to vibration) the mounting screw or the flange screw of the oil inlet and outlet may be loose. Pay attention to check and tighten it.\n★ Common faults and troubleshooting\nIf the user finds any abnormal phenomenon in use, please find out the reason according to the list of common faults and troubleshooting methods and remove it. If the problem still cannot be solved, the oil pump may have failed. At this time, please do not dismantle and repair the oil pump blindly. You should contact our sales office or our overseas sales department in time to repair it. In order to avoid improper handling, affect the normal use of users, resulting in unnecessary losses.\nScan the QR code to read on your phone\nZhongde Hydraulic Parts\nBeijiazhuang Industrial Development Zone, Ningjin County, Hebei Province", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We design and make hydraulic valve stands and hydraulic test stands.\nValve Stand ST 14-26 for Skin-pass mills - detailed view of Pressure reducing valves and Proportional Servo Valves Rexroth\nOil Hydraulic Power Units\nWe design and make hydraulic power units on customers needs.\nOil Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cabinets\nWe design and realize oil hydraulic and pneumatic cabinets specially designed on customers needs.\nHydraulic/Pneumatic Cabinet ST176-13 for production facilities of stainless steel thin and ultrathin rolled strip\nVia Romairone 42 E/r - Unit 2.1/2.23\n16163 Genoa Bolzaneto - Italy\nPhone +39 010 715232\nFax +39 010 710899", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Our company is a professional manufacturer. We are involved in the development, production, sales and service of all types of light weight Renovation diesel hydraulic power pack company . Our experienced staff is committed to quality control and customer service. They are available to discuss all your needs and ensure customer satisfaction. We have introduced several new products to our company in recent years. In addition, we have attained ISO9001 certificate. We are able to sell our products in local markets and export them to clients in Europe, UK and other countries. We also welcome OEM and ODM orders. Talk to us directly about your sourcing requirements, whether you're looking for an existing product or engineering support for your application.\nwholesale powerful Construction hydraulic power pack system has fully quality control andproduct development system. We have been dedicated to the development and research of women's healthcare products.\nWe have a lot of experience in compact Construction hydraulic power pack unit manufacturer and are able to respond to bulk orders in the most efficient way. For the ease of our customers, we offer customized packaging and different modes of payment.\nWe are professional in all kinds of compact demolition gas powered hydraulic power pack company product range, we have become the foremost choice of our respected patrons. We are proud of our reputation in the industry due to our skilled team of professionals, large production capability, customization facility and advanced infrastructure base.\nwe mainly engaged in manufacturing Construction 2 inch stainless steel submersible pump company for many years'experience, All our products are fabricated in tandem with the international quality norms & standards. Our specialists use only the highest quality raw material. This is sourced from market-certified vendors.\nSince 2005 we have been focusing on high end wholesale compact concrete cutting hydraulic power supplies research, design, and manufacturing. Our company has received the ISO9001 as well as ISO14001 international systems certifications. powerful Renovation gas powered hydraulic pump manufacturer boasts 20 top-level wholesale low noise Municipal electric hydraulic power unit design professionals, 200 international first-class craftsmanship workers, and advanced portable concrete cutting gas hydraulic power unit supplier manufacturing machinery.\nFurthermore, all our products are manufactured with advanced equipment and strict QC procedures in order to ensure high quality. Our products are highly regarded in the domestic as well as international markets. We guarantee a steady and timely supply, reliable quality, and sincere customer service.\nWe have identified clients who are interested and able to form a long-term business partnership for providing wholesale portable Renovation electric hydraulic power unit . To supply the same agreement, we have also entered into a business relationship with a Multinational Company around the globe.\n|Fire services 8 inch stainless steel water pump manufacturer||efficient Fire services hydraulic power unit diesel company|\n|portable Defence Engine Driven Hydraulic Power Unit company||wholesale efficient Municipal gasoline hydraulic power pack|\n|wholesale easy to load Construction ac hydraulic power unit||convenient Renovation 3 phase hydraulic power pack supplier|\n|light weight Renovation hydraulic power pack system company||compact Dewatering gas powered hydraulic power pack company|\n|easy maintenance Dewatering ac hydraulic power unit company||light weight demolition hydraulic power system manufacturer|\n|Defence 2 inch Hydraulic submersible water pump manufacturer||powerful Fire services petrol hydraulic power unit supplier|\n|powerful demolition gas powered hydraulic pump manufacturer||easy to use concrete cutting hydraulic power system company|\n|easy to use Renovation petrol hydraulic power pack supplier||wholesale powerful demolition gasoline hydraulic power unit|\n|wholesale small portable demolition ac hydraulic power unit||convenient Renovation 3 phase hydraulic power unit supplier|\n|efficient Municipal power pack hydraulic price manufacturer||wholesale efficient Municipal electric hydraulic power unit|\n|Adrar||Brakna||Nouadhibou Bay Dakhlet||Asaba El-'A countenance|\n|Gorgol||Guidimaka||West Hodh||East Hodh|\nwholesale Dewatering 3 inch stainless steel submersible pump, wholesale efficient demolition 3 phase hydraulic power pack, powerful demolition gas powered hydraulic pump manufacturer, convenient demolition hpu hydraulic power unit manufacturer, efficient Fire services hydraulic power unit diesel company, concrete cutting 4 inch Hydraulic powered water pump company, Fire services 4 inch stainless steel water pump manufacturer, concrete cutting 8 inch submersible sewage pump manufacturer, easy to use demolition 3 phase hydraulic power unit company, easy to load demolition diesel hydraulic power unit company,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Polymer concrete linear drainage channel\nStainless steel and galvanized steel cover, the thickness depends on the loading capacity\nApplication: Square, Landscape\nLoading: A15, B125, C250\nGrating: Galvanized steel or stainless steel slot cover for choice, with polymer concrete drain channel\nInternal width: 100mm, 150mm, 200mm for choice.\nExternal height: slot height and quantity could be customized, drain channel height either", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Flow net is used to determine various hydraulic parameters needed for the stability analysis of hydraulic structures, as shown in the following subsections.\nThe space between the two successive flow lines is known as a flow channel. The discharge is given by –\nq = KH Nf/Nd …(10.27)\nwhere k is the coefficient of permeability, H is the head causing the flow, Nf is the number of flow channels, and Nd is the number of potential drops.\nThe head loss between successive equipotential lines is equal to H/Nd. The total head at any point (p) is given by –\nh = H – n. Δh …(10.28)\nwhere n is the number of equipotential drops from the upstream side up to point p –\nΔh = H/Nd …(10.29)\nSeepage pressure can be obtained by –\nPs = γw h = γw(H-n × Δh) …(10.30)\nThe average value of the hydraulic gradient for any flow field is given by –\ni = Δh/l …(10.31)\nwhere I is the length of the flow field in the direction of flow. Consider the flow net for the sheet pile structure shown in Fig. 10.12. There are five flow channels, with six flow lines. Similarly, there are 10 head drops with 11 equipotential lines. Consider unit length of the sheet pile in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper. Consider the flow through the flow field shown hatched.\nLet I be the length of the flow field along the flow channel and b the width of the flow field. As per Darcy’s law, the rate of flow through each flow channel will be –\nwhere Δh is the potential drop between EPL 2 (Equipotential line-2) and EPL 3 –\nEquation (10.32) represents discharge for an anisotropic soil, where kx ≠ kz and b ≠ l. For an isotropic soil, kx = kz and b = l. In this case, discharge is –\nq = kH(Nf/Nd)\nTotal Head at Any Point:\nThe total head at any point p in the soil mass is given by –\nh = H – n × Δh\nwhere h is the total head at any point p, H is the total head causing the flow, Nd is the number of equipotential drops up to point p from the first equipotential line, and Δh is the head loss between successive equipotential lines.\nThe pressure head at any point is equal to the total head minus the elevation head. The elevation head is measured by taking the downstream water level as the datum. Thus, the pressure head at point p is given by –\nhp = h – (–he) = h + he\nwhere he is negative because point p is below the datum.\nThe hydraulic gradient for any flow field is –\nThe hydraulic gradient for the flow field on the downstream end of the hydraulic structure is known as exit gradient. To prevent piping failure, the exit gradient should be less than the critical hydraulic gradient.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "LITTLE ELM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT\nLITTLE ELM, TEXAS\nLittle Elm Wastewater Treatment Plant: The expansion project increased the existing facility’s capacity from 2.7 million gallons of daily (MGD) wastewater treatment to 4.0 MGD. Additions to the existing plant included a new concrete aeration/clarifier structure and an above ground 100,000-gallon water storage tank.\nSERVICES / SCOPE OF WORK", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "link rel=\"canonical\" href=\" http://www.filtersfast.com/P-Everpure-1-2-GPM-Flow-Control-EV308132.asp\"/>\nThe Everpure EV308132 is for use with the following water filter cartridges:\nThe Everpure 1/2 GPM Flow Control EV308132 is used to restrict flow through the above filters. The flow rate of this Everpure replacement flow control is 1/2 gallon per minute.\nThe Everpure EV308132 specifications:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Table of Contents\nHydraulic system is an application of fluid properties within an engine in relation to the tendency of fluids when exposed to pressure. Fluids have the property of exerting pressure equally to all directions in their containers. This property is often employed in mechanics to lift heavier loads with application of little effort. The property of fluidsto exert equal pressure in all directions has been used in manufacturing of different machines in various fields. However, due to movement of different parts of machines, their components must be modeled to endure high strain and wear to increase their efficiency. This paper focuses on the hydraulic pitch system of a Wind turbine machine and seeks to explain their overall functions and operations. It also narrows to the advantages and inner working of a pump while explaining the role of pumps in a hydraulic system.\nHydraulic Pitch System of a Wind Turbine\nA wind turbine is used to harness electric power from wind energy. Hydraulic pitch system helps in tapping of wind energy as it allows the turbines to shift automatically with an increase in wind velocity. Hydraulic pitch system in wind turbines is composed of valves which are proportioned to control the hydraulic actuators. The axial piston pumps in the system provide the needed pressure for operations in hydraulic system. The bladder-type accumulators in hydraulic system store needed energy for emergency operations and enable the system operations to be reliable even at very adverse conditions of low temperatures.\nThe hydraulic control block is very essential as it helps in the drive of the hydraulic system. These basic and core parts of hydraulic system help in measuring the velocity of wind. The response from the valves and the accumulators is measured in milliseconds. Hydraulic components offer the required standard monitoring of machines for their maximum output. Components such as sensors, pressure transmitters and filter monitors help in easy motoring of wind turbines.\nHydraulic Gear Pumps (External Gear)\nHydraulic gear pumps are mainly composed of two gears; idler and driven gears. Since a gear pump is a positive displacement pump, it pumps oil in any turning of the pump. The pressure between the teeth results into equal push to different opposite directions hence the torque remains unaffected and oil carried to the outlet. As the gears rotate suction is created and oil is sucked by the inlet port of the pump resulting into the operation of the system.\nThe hydraulic gear pumps are very cheap to manufacture, thus, minimal costs incurred for their replacement. They are compact and easy to use in their operations, thus, are preferred compared to other types of gear pumps. The operation of the pump occurs when the engine runs the pump rotating group causing the piston to move over the swash plate which is usually located in a neutral position. Further movement of control pedal results into inclination of the swash plate and, thus, the pump pushes oil through the gears.\nThe mechanics of hydraulic system have been adopted inmanufacturing machines. Fluids have been used in engines manufacturing with credible results. Some of these machines include wind turbines which have adopted hydraulic pitch system in their operations and, thereby, achieving high levels of efficiency. Hydraulic pitch systems have been enhanced by the application of gear pumps.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is a Pressure Compensator?\nHydraulic systems rely on pressure compensators to maintain consistent pressure and flow rates, ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the system. In this guide, we will provide an overview of pressure compensators in hydraulic systems, including their definition, purpose, types, advantages, and common applications. Whether you are a hydraulic system designer, engineer, or operator, this guide will help you understand the importance of pressure compensators in hydraulic systems and how to select and use them effectively.\nUnderstanding Pressure Compensators\nHydraulic pressure compensators are an essential component of hydraulic systems that regulate pressure levels, ensuring smooth and efficient system performance. A pressure compensator adjusts the flow rate of a hydraulic system based on changes in pressure, maintaining consistent pressure levels and preventing damage to the system.\nPressure compensators come in various types, including fixed, variable, and load-sensing valves. Fixed pressure compensators are set at a specific pressure range and maintain a constant flow rate, making them suitable for simple hydraulic systems. Variable pressure compensators, on the other hand, allow for flow rate adjustments, providing greater flexibility and control over system performance. Load-sensing valves are designed to adjust the system's flow rate based on the load, making them ideal for applications that require varying pressure levels.\nAll pressure compensators work by adjusting the flow rate based on changes in pressure, but they may do so differently. For example, a fixed pressure compensator uses a spring-loaded valve to maintain a set pressure level, while a variable pressure compensator may use a proportional valve that responds to changes in pressure by adjusting the flow rate. The type of pressure compensator used in a hydraulic system will depend on the system's requirements and the application's specific needs.\nThere are several advantages to using a pressure compensator in a hydraulic system. One of the main benefits is increased efficiency and accuracy in system performance. By maintaining consistent pressure levels, the system can operate at optimal levels, reducing energy consumption and minimizing wear and tear on system components. Additionally, pressure compensators can improve safety and performance by preventing overloading and system failures.\nHowever, there are also some disadvantages to using a pressure compensator. For example, fixed pressure compensators are limited in their flexibility and may not be suitable for more complex hydraulic systems. Variable pressure compensators can be more expensive and require more maintenance than fixed pressure compensators.\nOverall, the type of pressure compensator used in a hydraulic system will depend on the specific requirements of the application. It is important to consider factors such as operating pressure and flow rate requirements, type of hydraulic system and components, environmental factors, and budget and maintenance considerations when selecting a pressure compensator.\nBenefits of Using a Pressure Compensator\nPressure compensators are essential components in hydraulic systems that help to maintain a consistent pressure level by regulating the flow rate of hydraulic fluid. By doing so, pressure compensators help to prevent system failure, equipment damage, and operator injury. Understanding the benefits of using a pressure compensator in hydraulic systems is crucial for ensuring optimal system performance.\nIncreased efficiency and accuracy in hydraulic systems: Pressure compensators allow for more precise control of system pressure, which helps to reduce energy consumption and improve overall system efficiency. Additionally, pressure compensators help to maintain a consistent pressure level, which reduces the risk of system failure and downtime.\nReduced wear and tear on equipment: When hydraulic systems operate at excessively high pressures, it can cause increased wear and tear on system components, leading to premature failure and increased maintenance costs. Pressure compensators help to maintain a consistent pressure level, which reduces the risk of damage to system components and extends their lifespan.\nImproved safety and performance in hydraulic systems: Pressure compensators play a critical role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of hydraulic systems. By maintaining a consistent pressure level, pressure compensators help to prevent system failure and operator injury, improving overall system safety and performance.\nOverall, the use of pressure compensators in hydraulic systems provides numerous benefits, including increased efficiency and accuracy, reduced wear and tear on equipment, and improved safety and performance. Understanding these benefits is crucial for ensuring optimal system performance and reliability.\nCommon Applications of Pressure Compensators\nPressure compensators are used in a wide range of hydraulic systems and machinery, including industrial and manufacturing equipment, agricultural machinery, construction and excavation machinery, and automotive and transportation equipment.\nIndustrial and manufacturing equipment often rely on pressure compensators to ensure consistent and precise operation. For example, hydraulic presses and stamping machines require precise pressure control to produce accurate and high-quality products.\nIn agricultural machinery and equipment, pressure compensators are used to improve efficiency and reduce wear and tear on equipment. Irrigation systems, for instance, rely on pressure compensators to regulate water flow and maintain consistent pressure for optimal crop growth.\nConstruction and excavation machinery also often use pressure compensators to ensure safe and reliable operation. Hydraulic cranes, excavators, and backhoes require precise pressure control to lift and move heavy loads safely and efficiently.\nIn the automotive and transportation industry, pressure compensators are used in a variety of applications, from steering and suspension systems to brakes and clutches. In these systems, pressure compensators help to ensure precise and reliable operation for enhanced safety and performance.\nOverall, pressure compensators play a critical role in a wide range of hydraulic systems and machinery, providing accurate pressure control and ensuring safe and efficient operation.\nFactors to Consider When Selecting a Pressure Compensator\nWhen selecting a pressure compensator for your hydraulic system, there are several factors that you need to consider to ensure that the compensator will work effectively and efficiently. Here are some of the key factors to keep in mind:\nOperating Pressure and Flow Rate Requirements: One of the most critical factors to consider is the required operating pressure and flow rate of your hydraulic system. Make sure that the pressure compensator you select can handle the maximum pressure and flow rate required by your system.\nType of Hydraulic System and Components: The type of hydraulic system and components used in your system will also affect your choice of pressure compensator. Different types of hydraulic systems may require different types of compensators, and different components within a system may have different requirements as well.\nEnvironmental Factors and Operating Conditions: Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and dust can all affect the performance of your pressure compensator. Make sure to choose a compensator that is suitable for the specific environmental conditions in which your hydraulic system will be operating.\nBudget and Maintenance Considerations: The cost of a pressure compensator can vary significantly depending on its features and capabilities. Consider your budget carefully when selecting a compensator, but also keep in mind the cost of ongoing maintenance and replacement parts over the life of the system.\nBy carefully considering these factors, you can select the right pressure compensator for your hydraulic system, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency.\nInstallation and Maintenance of Pressure Compensators\nProper installation and maintenance of pressure compensators are crucial for their optimal performance and longevity in hydraulic systems.\nInstallation of Pressure Compensators\nThe first step in installing a pressure compensator is to select the appropriate compensator for the hydraulic system. It is essential to consider the system's operating pressure and flow rate requirements, the type of hydraulic system and components, and the environmental factors and operating conditions. The compensator's installation location should also be considered to ensure easy accessibility for inspection and maintenance.\nAfter selecting the appropriate compensator, the installation process should follow the manufacturer's recommendations and instructions. The installation process typically involves the following steps:\nMounting the compensator: The compensator should be mounted securely and correctly in the system, considering the direction of fluid flow.\nConnecting the compensator: The compensator should be connected to the hydraulic system using the recommended fittings and hoses.\nAdjusting the compensator: The compensator should be adjusted according to the manufacturer's recommended settings, ensuring the proper pressure compensation range for the system.\nTesting the compensator: After installation, the compensator should be tested to ensure it is working correctly and within the desired pressure compensation range.\nMaintenance of Pressure Compensators\nRoutine maintenance and inspection of pressure compensators are necessary to ensure their optimal performance and longevity in hydraulic systems. The following are some recommended maintenance tasks:\nRegular inspection: Pressure compensators should be inspected regularly for signs of wear, leaks, and damage.\nCleaning: The compensator should be cleaned regularly to remove any debris or contaminants that may affect its performance.\nCalibration: The compensator should be calibrated periodically to ensure it is operating within the desired pressure compensation range.\nReplacement of worn-out parts: Any worn-out or damaged parts should be replaced promptly to avoid further damage to the system.\nTroubleshooting: Any issues or problems with the compensator should be addressed promptly to avoid equipment damage or system failure.\nTroubleshooting Pressure Compensator Issues\nIf a pressure compensator is not working correctly, it may cause problems in the hydraulic system, such as slow or erratic operation, system overheating, or damage to system components. The following are some common pressure compensator issues and their potential causes:\nPressure compensator fails to maintain desired pressure range: This issue may be caused by worn-out parts, incorrect adjustment, or a damaged compensator.\nPressure compensator leaks: This issue may be caused by damaged seals, worn-out parts, or incorrect installation.\nPressure compensator is noisy: This issue may be caused by a damaged compensator or incorrect installation.\nIf any of these issues are encountered, it is recommended to consult the manufacturer's manual or a qualified technician for proper troubleshooting and repair procedures.\nIn conclusion, pressure compensators play a vital role in hydraulic systems, regulating pressure to prevent damage and improve system efficiency. Understanding the different types of pressure compensators available and their benefits and drawbacks is important when selecting the right one for a given application. Considerations such as operating pressure and flow rate, environmental factors, and maintenance requirements should also be taken into account. Proper installation and maintenance of pressure compensators can help prevent common issues and prolong their lifespan. By selecting and using pressure compensators correctly, hydraulic systems can operate more efficiently, safely, and reliably.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "High quality hydraulic presses are devices that are used to generate a compressive force using a hydraulic cylinder. In simple words, a hydraulic press is a machine that makes use of the pressure exerted on the fluids to crush something. These machines works on the principle of Pascal’s law.\nHigh quality hydraulic presses are generally used for forging, clinching, molding, blanking, punching, deep drawing, and metal forming operations.They are widely used in lifting and compressing large items. Hydraulic presses are extensively used in many industrial applications, construction companies, metal industries and wood processing depots. The hydraulic laminating presses are used in fabrication or laminating wooden components, plywood, partition boards, and MDF boards.\nLiming is a professional hydraulic press manufacturer which can produce high quality hydraulic press at low price.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 25-29.DOI: 10.11988/ckyyb.20211178\n• WATER RESOURCES •\nYUAN Jing, ZHANG De-bing\nThe influences of tracer type, tracer dosage, tracer monitoring and flow monitoring on water flow connectivity of drinking water source were examined systematically. Electrical conductivity was taken as a reference index to optimize the sampling and flow measurement frequency, and nitrate of potash as the tracer indicator of calculating tracer recovery rate. In association with flow measurement data, a method of quantifying the water system connectivity was proposed to reveal the distribution of groundwater resource. The method was applied to investigate the contradiction between domestic water use and production water use in the provincial boundary of Yeniuyan between Hunan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Results unveil that all the water from Yeniuyan flows into the Luoshuidang, and then divided into east and west streams. The east stream flows into the underground river through the Xingfu dam and the Xingfu power station, and finally into the Jiangyuan, while the west stream stretching over 30 km flows into the underground river through the Wuxing tunnel, Wuxing power station and Xingfu power station, and finally into the Jiangyuan. Under the hydrometeorological conditions during the test period, the water diversion of the east branch (Xingfuba) accounted for about 34.9% of the water inflow into the Luoshuidang from Yeniuyan, and that of the west branch (Wuxing tunnel) occupied 65.1%. No connection between Baiquan, Dashuibu, Qingtang, Zhaojiangdong 1 and Zhaojiangdong 2 and Yeniuyan was observed. The trend of groundwater and the proportions of runoff and water diversion were made clear, and the variation characteristics of water volume along the river course were obtained. The research finding is expected to offer technical support for solving such water use disputes and can be used as a reference for analyzing complicatedly connected water system.\nquantitative water flow connectivity,\nsimultaneous monitoring of water quality and quantity,\nYUAN Jing, ZHANG De-bing. Tracer-Test-based Technology of Quantifying Water Flow Connectivity between Hunan and Guangxi Provinces[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2023, 40(3): 25-29.\nAdd to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "McWong has brought the new technologies and ideas in terms of the experience of water treatment and water resource management for China. We adopt the corresponding technologies in water field mainly targets Industrial water and make-up for cooling water system.\nIndustry Water supply process>>\nMicro-vortex Flocculation water Treatment process + Concrete Sandflo Filter Treatment process\nMcWong's patent equipment and technology, meeting industrial water supply economically and efficiently.\nDesalination Treatment process>>\nUF+ RO+ Pumping unit+ Dosing system+ Washing and cleaning system +Other accessary facilities\nThis package is applicable to reuse water of deep treatment, such as recycling cooling water treatment that requires demineralization.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ATK sand filter are made of fiberglass reinforced polyester with arm collector system, multiport valve on top or at side on demanding. They are equipped with pressure gauge and produced for pressure up to 4bar.Higher pressures are possible on demanding. The flow rate is 6.5-282m³/h.\nATK Sand Filter is made of fiberglass-reinforced polyester with an arms collector system, the multiport valve on the top or at the side on demand. It is equipped with a pressure gauge and produced for pressure up to 4 bar. Models with higher pressure load is capable and can be fabricated on demand. The flow rate can be 6.5~282m³/h.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Gas Airless Piston Pump\n- HP-9500 Gas Piston Pump 2.0 GPM\nHP-9500 Gas Piston Pump 2.0 GPM\nIncredible power comes from a hydraulic system that drives this large piston paint pump.\nThe system's 2 GPM flow rate will handle up to one .050 tip, two .033's, or four .019 tips!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This form of energy is produced when the electricity generators are placed on the surface of the ocean. The energy is widely applied for the desalination purpose in the power plants and water pump. Output of the energy is calculated by the wave height, wave speed, wavelength and the water density. Energy generated by waves is converted into electricity through the electric generator. Wave movement is harnessed and converted to electricity. It’s a reliable source of energy as it can be harnessed enormously and there is no shortage. Depending on the method used for the capture of wave energy, it can be characterised into hydraulic ram, elastomeric hose pump, and pump to shore, hydroelectric turbine, air turbine and linear electric generator. Being a renewable source of energy, wave energy can have certain disadvantages to the marine animals. There are chances that the marine animal may be struck to the tidal turbine blades, causes noise pollution, effect on the life of marine animal, affecting the sediment transport and water quality.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Buy quality hydraulic hose crimper products from hydraulic hose crimper manufacturer, 460 hydraulic hose crimper manufacturers hydraulic hose crimper suppli\nCustom Crimp / Custom Machining Services providing support for hydraulic and industrial crimping needs. (CMS) has been producing dies, hose assembly equipm\nAlibaba.com offers 2,078 portable hydraulic hose crimping machine products. About 89% of these are rubber product making machinery, 1% are hydraulic tools\nKurt Tuff Hydraulic HoseSpiral Hose KURT E-Z Bend 4SK SAE R12 SAE R13Kurt Hydraulics manufactures our own hose crimper line that includes the Kurt\nIm going to look at a Couplamatic hose crimping machine in the morning.Anyone know anything about them?Do you have to use dedicated fittings for this\nLastest Buying leads of hydraulic hose crimper around the world,Find the best hydraulic hose crimper on chinatopsupplier.com hydraulic hose crimper of h\nCheck details of hydraulic hose crimper with certificate of quality Hydraulic hose crimping machine - ISIR HYDRAULIC CO.,LIMITED.\nhydraulic hose fitting crimper hydraulic hose fitting crimper online Wholesalers - choose hydraulic hose fitting crimper from 194 list of China hydraulic\nhydraulic hose crimpers wholesale, buy hydraulic hose crimpers from 444 hydraulic hose crimpers suppliers from China.\nHydraulic Air Conditionhose Crimper Kit Repair Tools Handheld Hose Crimp - Searchable photo catalog of import export Business Cards\nhydraulic hose crimpers wholesale, buy hydraulic hose crimpers from 937 hydraulic hose crimpers suppliers from China of page 6.\nHydraulic Hose Crimpers,complete details about Hydraulic Hose Crimpers provided by Fluid Power Exchange, Inc.. You may also find other latest Hydraulic\nKhalil Industry enjoys long and prestigious tradition of producing heavy duty Hydraulic Hose Crimping machine, Hydro Crimping Machine and Hydraulic Press by\nIWISS FS-7842 Automotive A/C Hose Hydra-krimp Crimper - Hydraulic Hose Crimper - Tools Home Improvement Best Sellers Gift Ideas Lighting\nhydraulic hose crimping machine for sale hydraulic station LS pump stations can be used in single line resistance lubrication system (SLR), progressive\nBuy quality hydraulic hose crimper tool products from hydraulic hose crimper tool manufacturer, 139 hydraulic hose crimper tool manufacturers hydraulic hose\nHose Crimping Machine - Engaged in offering hose crimping machine including hydraulic hose crimping machine, electric hose crimping machine, hose skiving\nCheap tool set, Buy Quality set tools directly from China tool crimp Suppliers: 71500 Hydraulic Handheld Hydraulic Hose Crimper hose crimping tool/Hose\nFrom hydraulic system adjustment and maintenance to making factory-quality assemblies on the field, Gates manufactures hydraulic equipment and hose crimpers t\nUAE Hydraulic Hose Crimper Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machine Importers Directory - Offering UAEs buying leads from buyers, importers, distributors resellers\n2015920-Quality Hydraulic hose crimper wholesaler provides hydraulic hose crimper - ISIR HYDRAULIC CO.,LIMITED from China.\nReliance Hydraulic Fittings (RHF) is a distributor of swaging machines, hose crimpers, hydraulic hose couplings, crimping machine and quick release couplings.\nWe manufacturer of hydraulic hose, high pressure hose, Hydraulic Hose Assembly, hydraulic fitting, hose fitting, hydraulic adapter, hose crimping machine,\nThis Pin was discovered by Hose Crimping. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest. Manual hydraulic hose crimping machineTool CompanyBrazingCrim\nAustralias leading mobile hose repair service with a comprehensive product offering that is backed by the world leader in motion and control technology\nhydraulic hose crimper on Sale Now. Fine hydraulic hose crimper in UK sales. Low prices on hydraulic hose crimper for a limited time. Hurry\nDimensions : 75x68x115cm Weight : 380kg (with dies) Hose size : 3/16 - 2 Crimping force : 100 T Opening with dies : 28mm Opening without", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A hydraulic cylinder, a vital component in hydraulic systems, comprises several essential parts that collectively enable the conversion of fluid pressure into linear motion. Understanding these components is crucial for effective troubleshooting, maintenance, and repairs. Let’s delve into the key constituents of a hydraulic cylinder:\n1. Hydraulic Cylinder Barrel:\nThe barrel serves as the cylindrical enclosure that contains the pressurized hydraulic fluid. Typically constructed from honed steel tubes, its precise machining and smooth surface ensure efficient fluid containment.\n2. Cylinder Head (End Cap):\nSituated inside the cylinder barrel, the cylinder head, also known as the end cap or blind end, encloses the pressure chamber at one end of the hydraulic cylinder. It may feature a seal gland or an integrated rod sealing arrangement to prevent fluid leakage.\n3. Hydraulic Cylinder Base (Rod End):\nThe cylinder base, also referred to as the rod end, contains the pressure generated at one end of the cylinder barrel. Its design allows for the attachment of the cylinder rod.\nThe piston is a crucial internal component of the hydraulic cylinder. It separates the pressure zones within the cylinder barrel and facilitates the transmission of hydraulic force. Depending on the design, pistons can accommodate various types of seals, such as metallic or rubber, for both single-acting and double-acting applications.\n5. Piston Rod (Cylinder Rod):\nAlso known as the cylinder rod, this component connects the piston to the cylinder head. Typically made from chrome-plated cold-rolled steel, it plays a pivotal role in transmitting the generated hydraulic force to the mechanical components of the system.\n6. Seal Gland:\nThe seal gland, also referred to as the hydraulic cylinder gland, is equipped with seals that prevent pressurized oil from leaking past the interfaces between the cylinder rod and the cylinder head. Effective sealing is essential to maintain system integrity.\nSeals, located within the seal gland, are designed to withstand the working pressure, speed, operating temperature, and application-specific requirements of the hydraulic cylinder. They come in both single-acting and double-acting configurations, and their materials can vary based on operational conditions. Elastomer seals constructed from materials like nitrile rubber or fluorocarbon viton are common, catering to different temperature ranges.\nThese interconnected components collaborate to harness fluid pressure and translate it into controlled linear movement, powering the machinery and systems dependent on hydraulic force. The maintenance and care of these parts are critical to ensure the hydraulic cylinder’s optimal functionality and longevity.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When you open it. Have a bucket handy to catch the water. According to the Uniform Plumbing Code, a pipe should be connected to the pressure relief valve, extending open the drain valve near the hot water heater tank bottom and\nLeave water heater drain and pressure relief valve open over winter. CAUTION Close all faucets, water outlets, the water heater drain and pressure relief valve. 2. If during the winterizing procedure the anode was removed and replaced with a 3/4\" male pipe\nPressure in water heater has been relieved. 2. Drain heater the rest of the way either through the drain valve, turned off to the water heater. Open all hot water taps on the boat to relieve the pressure and allow cold water to cool the water in the system.\nConnect a garden hose to drain valve located on the bottom of the water heater. Open the drain valve and let the water heater drain completely then close the drain valve. 5. Disconnect the cold-water inlet, hot water outlet, T & P valve, or element holes and, using a\nOpen the water heater’s drain valve. While the water heater is draining, read the Installation Instruc-tions that came with your water heater. Disconnect the water and power lines and remove the old water heater.\nHow To Drain Your Water Heater Step 7: When the water heater has completely drained, open cold water supply valve to the water heater for 30 to 60 seconds then shut off. Step 8: (a) Check water coming out of drain hose for clarity.\nGarden hose to the drain valve on the water heater, and open the valve. Direct the stream of water to a drain where it will do no damage. (See Fig-ure 19). The water drained from the tank may be hot enough to present a\nTO FILL WATER HEATER — Make certain drain valve is completely closed and the collector feeds that are not in use are plugged tight. Make certain the discharged water is directed to an open drain. Before manually operating the relief valve,\nheater. 2. Shut off the water supply and open a nearby hot water faucet. 3. Drain water from the tank until the water level is water heater. 6510206 Important Drain Pipe Installation Information! To avoid water damage or scalding due to valve\ndrain out, shut off water to the heater, open a hot water faucet somewhere in the house, and replace the valve. Draining and Flushing the Tank Turn off the heat source (circuit breaker or gas) to the water heater. Close the cold water valve.\nOpen the hot water heater faucet and allow tank to drain completely. 6. Once the tank has drained, turn the water back on by the meter. Let the tank Open all hot water taps throughout the residence to flush out all sedimentation\nDrain Fresh Water Tank 2. Drain Water Heater – Plug at bottom, outside of heater 3. BY PASS Heater: 1. Leave fresh water tank and black & gray water tanks open, also leave plug out of water heater. This is to help you winterize your unit.\nOpen the water heater drain valve and allow a reasonable amount of hot water to drain from the tank. Most water heater drain valves can be fitted to a standard garden hose, which can be ran to a sink (or outdoors) to assist with the\nClose the heater drain valve, open cold water inlet valve and completely fill the tank with water. Leave water in heater for 15 minutes. 9. Drain the water from the tank through the heater drain valve. Close the drain valve and\nMake certain the discharged water is directed to an open drain. Attach a garden hose to the drain valve on the water heater and direct the stream of water to a drain where it will do no damage. The water drained from the tank may be hot enough to present a\nBefore spending money on repairs, check anode rod. Open drain valve and drain water heater. If there is rusty water, then check anode If anode rod is depleted, then install new anode to prevent steel tank from rusting.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Control system approach to optimize the performance of off-grid micro hydro power plants\nSmall Hydro Power Plants are grabbing attention of many underdeveloped countries providing local power and a source of new capacity in established markets. Micro Hydro Power Plant is one among them that harnesses maximum power available in water and provides the best solution of power generation for areas like the hilly regions. Micro Hydro Power Plant has a huge potential of large amount of electricity generation out of a small water flow with minimal environmental impact. In this paper an approach is made towards the design of a control system for the Micro Hydro Power Plant which ensures optimum amount of power generation, all the time the plant runs. The intake water flow rate of Micro Hydro is controlled to generate the desired electrical power. The complete control system model is developed in MATLAB using Simulink. The transient behavior of generated active power, voltage and speed of synchronous machine are analyzed through the designed control system model.\nPriyanka Malhan. Control system approach to optimize the performance of off-grid micro hydro power plants. International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology, Volume 2, Issue 3, 2018, Pages 70-74", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "LUBECO™ Biodegradable Hydraulic Oils\nEfficiency and reliability of a hydraulic system is greatly influenced by the quality of hydraulic fluid that is being used, particularly for hydraulic systems working under extreme pressure and temperature. LUBECO™ range of fully synthetic readily biodegradable hydraulic oils is based on premium quality vegetable and synthetic esters matched with state-of-the-art additives to provide maximum performance.\nLUBECO™ HEES range (Hydraulic oil PLUS and PREMIUM Hydraulic Oil) are superior hydraulic fluids based on saturated synthetic esters complying and exceeding the highest performance and environmental standards. These products have been awarded the EU Ecolabel of Environmental excellence no. CZ/27/022 and comply with the US EPA Vessel General Permit 2013 (VGP) for Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Experience in constructing hydro electric power plant and the facilities has benefitted the company to expand its construction services intoenergy related construction works.\nWe built Asahan 1, a hydro electric power facility located at Asahan River – Lake Toba, Sumatera. Asahan 1 has a power generating capacity of 180 mega watts, it is the largest hydro power facility in Indonesia.We also owns Asahan 1 with 3.5% share holding through our subsidiary, PT Badrajaya Sentranusa.In expanding into energy related construction works, the company has implemented assets acquiring to generate recurring income for long term growth.\nWe formed PT Inti Duta Energy, a subsidiary, in 2011 to realize the diversification strategy into energy sector. PT Inti Duta Energy focuses on obtaining concessions for mini hydro power facilities, building & developing these facilities and operating them. Currently PT Inti Duta Energy has two mini hydro projects underway and has a pipeline of additional 7 mini hydro concessions to develop. PT Inti Duta Energy targets to have 10 – 15 mini hydro facilities, with a power generating capacity of roughly 100 mega watts by the end of 2017.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Proline Pressure Compensating Flood Bubbler\nA straight flow valve has a patented open flow design. There are no 90 degree angles that the flow of water has to maneuver around. This allows for flow rates as far low as 1 GPH. The diaphragm inside does not cause hammering when closing like a typical valve.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Axial Flow Pump\nProduct Details :\n|Minimum Order Quantity||01 Pieces|\n|Max Flow Rate||10000 m3/hr|\nProduct Description :\nAn axial flow pump is a type of hydraulic machine that moves fluid in an axial direction, perpendicular to the axis of rotation. It is also known as a propeller pump or a mixed-flow pump.\nAxial flow pumps are commonly used in applications where large volumes of fluid need to be moved over long distances, such as in irrigation systems, flood control, and water treatment plants. They are also used in industrial processes where a large volume of low-pressure fluid needs to be pumped, such as in cooling tower systems and aeration in wastewater treatment plants.\nThe main components of an axial flow pump include a propeller, a volute casing, an impeller, and a shaft. The propeller is responsible for drawing the fluid into the pump and accelerating it, while the volute casing helps to direct the flow of the fluid. The impeller provides additional energy to the fluid, increasing its velocity and pressure, and the shaft transmits power from the motor to the impeller.\nOne of the main advantages of axial flow pumps is their high efficiency, especially at high flow rates. They are also relatively simple in design and can be easily maintained, making them a popular choice in a variety of industrial and commercial applications.\nHowever, axial flow pumps are not ideal for applications that require high head, or pressure, as they typically have lower head capabilities compared to other types of pumps. They are also not suitable for pumping fluids with a high concentration of solids or other abrasive materials, as the propeller and other components can be damaged over time.\nAxial flow pumps have several advantages that make them a popular choice in a variety of industrial and commercial applications:\n1. High efficiency: Axial flow pumps are highly efficient, especially at high flow rates. This makes them ideal for applications that require the movement of large volumes of fluid over long distances.\n2. Simple design: The design of axial flow pumps is relatively simple, with few moving parts. This makes them easy to maintain and reduces the risk of mechanical failure.\n3. Easy installation: Axial flow pumps are relatively lightweight and compact, making them easy to install in a variety of settings.\n4. Versatility: Axial flow pumps can handle a wide range of fluid types and viscosities, making them suitable for a variety of applications.\n5. Low maintenance: The simple design of axial flow pumps means that they require less maintenance compared to other types of pumps.\n6. Cost-effective: Axial flow pumps are relatively inexpensive compared to other types of pumps, making them a cost-effective option for many applications.\n7. Energy efficient: Axial flow pumps use less energy compared to other types of pumps, reducing operating costs and making them more environmentally friendly.\nOverall, axial flow pumps offer a combination of high efficiency, versatility, and low maintenance, making them a popular choice for a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.\nAxial flow pumps have a wide range of applications in various industries, including:\n1. Irrigation: Axial flow pumps are commonly used in large-scale irrigation systems, where they are used to pump water from rivers, lakes, or wells to agricultural land.\n2. Flood control: Axial flow pumps are used in flood control systems to pump water out of low-lying areas and prevent damage to property and infrastructure.\n3. Water treatment: Axial flow pumps are used in water treatment plants to pump large volumes of water through filters and other treatment processes.\n4. Power generation: Axial flow pumps are used in power generation plants to cool steam turbines and condensers.\n5. Mining: Axial flow pumps are used in mining operations to pump water, sludge, and other materials out of underground mines.\n6. Industrial processes: Axial flow pumps are used in a variety of industrial processes, including cooling tower systems and aeration in wastewater treatment plants.\n7. Maritime: Axial flow pumps are used in maritime applications, such as in ships, barges, and offshore platforms, to pump water, ballast, and other fluids.\n8. Fire fighting: Axial flow pumps are used in fire fighting systems, where they are used to pump water from reservoirs to fire trucks or fire hydrants.\nOverall, axial flow pumps are widely used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications due to their high efficiency, versatility, and low maintenance requirements.\nAdditional Information :\nPort of Dispatch : Ahmedabad, India.\nProduction Capacity : As per order.\nDelivery Time : As per order.\nPackaging Details : Export/cargo packing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Increasingly serious environmental problems cannot be ignored. Low-carbon and energy-saving is urgent. The power loss of the hydraulic system of hydraulic aerial work lifts will cause energy waste on the one hand and reduce the utilization rate of the system. On the other hand, this part of the lost energy will be lost. It will be converted into heat, the temperature of the hydraulic oil will gradually rise, and the oil will change, causing the hydraulic elevator to appear faulty. Let's talk about how to reduce the waste of the useless work of the hydraulic high-altitude operation elevator! 1. Reasonably adjust the pressure value. When hydraulic oil flows through various hydraulic valves, it is inevitable that there will be pressure loss and flow loss. This part of the energy loss occupies a large proportion of the total energy loss. Therefore, reasonable selection of hydraulics and adjustment of the pressure of the pressure valve are also an important aspect of reducing power loss. The flow valve is selected according to the regular flow adjustment scale and its most stable flow can meet the application requirements. The pressure of the pressure valve should be as low as possible when the hydraulic electric pallet lift truck\nis satisfied with the normal operation. 2. Reduce pressure loss When selecting a speed control circuit, it is necessary to be satisfied with the speed control indication and to reduce power loss as much as possible. The common speed control loops mainly include: save speed control loop, volume speed control loop, volume save speed control loop. Among them, the power loss of the speed-saving loop is large, and the low-speed stability is good. The volumetric speed control loop has neither overflow loss nor saving loss. The power is high, but the low-speed stability is poor. If we want to meet the requirements of both aspects together, it is suggested that we can use a variable pressure differential pump and a volume-saving speed control loop composed of a saving valve, and make the pressure difference between the two ends of the saving valve as small as possible to reduce pressure loss. 3. Choose the right hydraulic oil. When the hydraulic oil moves in the pipeline, it will show viscosity, and when the viscosity is too large, it will produce strong internal friction and form oil heating. resistance. When the viscosity is too low, leakage is easy to form, which will reduce the volume power of the system. Therefore, oils with suitable viscosity and good viscosity-temperature characteristics are generally selected. In addition, when the oil moves in the pipeline, there is still pressure loss and partial pressure loss along the way. Therefore, when designing the pipeline, try to shorten the pipeline and reduce the elbow. 4. Reasonable selection of pump station size Considering the diversification of actuator operating conditions, sometimes the system requires large flow and low pressure; sometimes it requires small flow and high pressure. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a pressure-limiting variable pump, because the flow rate of this type of pump changes with the change of the system pressure. When the system pressure drops, the flow rate is relatively large, which can satisfy the fast stroke of the actuator. When the system pressure advances, the flow rate decreases accordingly, which can satisfy the operating rules of the actuator. In this way, the operating requirements of the actuator can be satisfied, and the power consumption can be more reasonable. 5. It is strictly forbidden to overload operation. When using hydraulic high-altitude operation elevators, you should not be greedy and time-saving and overload the equipment. This will only reduce the operating speed, damage the equipment, add emissions, affect the next use, and shorten the life of the elevator.\nThe , essentially perfected by hand pallet jack, is one of the first home appliance to be widely distributed.\nCheck out offers at Staxx Pallet Stackers and read exclusive reviews on latest powered pallet truck pallet stacker truck\non our website.we are looking forward to creating mutual benefits with you.\nFirst, in sparking the initial idea for a company based on manufacturing technology; and second, in designing a solution that could meet a clear market need for solving issues related to pallet stacker truck pallet jack manufacturers.\nTo have a that needs much precaution in handling, it is best to rely only on reliable providers. Ningbo Staxx Material Handling Equipment Co.,Ltd. can provide quality motorized pallet jack\npallet stacker truck that meet all your requirements for a while meet your individual needs.\nNingbo Staxx Material Handling Equipment Co.,Ltd.'s main technology of pallet stacker truck leads us to understand and utilize information correctly.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hand-dug or drilled wells must be adequately protected in order to provide water of sustaining quality. Wells should normally be sealed to a depth of 3 meters to prevent the entrance of surface water or low quality ground water. The top slab of the structure should be above flood level and all openings properly sealed to prevent contamination.\nOften sanitary well seals are difficult to obtain in developing countries. Well seals are necessary to protect the water quality and to protect pumps from physical damage.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BG-VOS.36.BM water treatment units provide treatment and desalination of brackish water from surface water sources to meet the water quality requirements of GOST 20995-75 for use in boiler units UKM-ZPM with E-1.0-0.9M boilers.\nMain parts of water treatment unit BG-VOS.36.BM\n- modular building of maximum factory readiness equipped with heating, ventilation, lighting, and OPS systems;\n- main process equipment;\n- capacitive equipment;\n- set of piping and ZRA;\n- electrical equipment, instrumentation, and local control system (LSU).\nThe water is taken by pumping station Wilo HWJ 204 from the external source water storage tank after passing the stage of coarse mechanical purification in the strainer dirt separator. Two pumping stations are installed to provide the required capacity and the necessary reserve.\nThe pumping station supplies water to the 2 m3 contact tank. Before water enters the tank, in order to regulate the water pH level and the consolidation of insoluble impurities, the reagents (coagulant and alkali) are injected.\nReagents are distributed with proportional dosing complexes by the signal from the pulse counter.\nWilo HWJ 204 pump station supplies water from the contact tank to the wastewater treatment plant with a flow rate of 2.4 m3/h and a pressure of 3.0 atm.\nThe first stage of purification uses an ultrafiltration unit.\nUltrafiltration unit allows to effectively purify water from fine and colloidal impurities, organic substances, bacteria, and reduce permanganate oxidation by at least 50-60%.\nThe quality of water treatment remains constantly high almost regardless of the source water quality, which means that seasonal fluctuations in water composition will not have a significant impact on the treatment quality.\nThe ultrafiltration unit consists of two circuits with a capacity of 2.2 m3/h each.\nA reverse osmosis unit is used at the second treatment stage to reduce the salt content of the water to the required standards. The reverse osmosis unit consists of two circuits with a capacity of 2.2 m3/h each.\nA boster pump station consisting of two high-pressure Lowara 5SV23F040T pumps (1 operating, 1 standby) are installed on the reverse osmosis unit.\nThe desalinated water is fed into a 2 m3 treated water storage tank. The tank provides the necessary supply of water for unit consumption and flushing.\nPurified water is supplied for consumption and flushing equipment with Wilo HWJ 204 pump station.\nBefore water is supplied to the consumer, alkali is injected using a proportional dosing complex to bring the pH in accordance with the required standards.\nModular building of water treatment unit BG-VOS.36.BM has overall dimensions, strength characteristics, and slinging fittings corresponding to 20 NS sea container.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Iran celebrated self-sufficiency in dam construction by inaugurating the Karun-4 dam, the largest concrete dam in Iran, which has been completely designed and constructed by domestic engineers-MNA reports.\nConstruction of the dam cost around 7.9 trillion rials (some $790 million). It has been built over the Karoun river in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province, west of Iran.\nPresident Mahmoud Ahmaidnejad attended the inauguration ceremony.\nThe Karun-4 dam has the highest discharge of Iran's rivers. The dam is a concrete double arch type and 230 meters high from the foundation.\nThe dam withholds a reservoir with a surface area of 29 square kilometers and capacity of 2.19 cubic kilometers.\nThe Karun-4 dam has now four generators; each has a capacity of 250 mega-watts. The dam will eventually have an installed capacity of 1,000 MW.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "When paired with any of Graco's priming piston pumps, the Viscount II hydraulic air motor offers exceptional cost savings by operating on 20% of the energy used by a pneumatic motor. The Viscount II, Graco's patented hydraulic motor, replaces the King, Bulldog or Senator motors with the 800 or 2100 pump.\n- Clean, quiet and efficient hydraulic power\n- Extremely durable hydraulic pump with long-life packing design\n- Highly efficient Viscount hydraulic motor reduces energy costs\n- Stainless steel wetted parts with neoprene packings", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Severn Trent Services understands North American water and wastewater operations. With over 30 years of experience operating, maintaining and managing water and wastewater operations, Severn Trent currently serves over 400 treatment facilities in North America through public-private partnerships.\n– Over 30 years of experience operating, maintaining and managing water and wastewater operations\n– Currently operating over 400 water and wastewater treatment facilities\n– Operating in 20 states\n– Serving nearly 4 million water and wastewater customers\n– Responsible for nearly 6,000 miles of collection and distribution lines", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A hydraulic cylinder is a mechanical system that converts hydraulic power into linear force and motion. It is made up of a cylindrical barrel, a piston, a piston rod, and a variety of seals. Here is a simplified explanation of how a hydraulic cylinder works:\n1. Hydraulic Fluid Provide: The hydraulic cylinder is linked to a hydraulic method that supplies pressurized hydraulic fluid, typically oil, to the cylinder.\n2. Cylinder Barrel and Piston: The cylinder barrel is a hollow tube the place the piston moves back and forth. The piston divides the cylinder into two chambers: the rod facet (also named the “blind” aspect) and the cap side.\nthree. Piston and Piston Rod: The piston is a cylindrical part that matches tightly within the cylinder barrel. It has sealing rings or seals all over its circumference to stop fluid leakage concerning the piston and the cylinder walls. The piston rod is attached to one conclusion of the piston and extends outdoors the cylinder barrel.\nfour. Hydraulic Fluid Strain: When hydraulic fluid is provided to a person of the chambers, it generates strain on the piston, pushing it in direction of the opposite stop of the cylinder. The force is created by a hydraulic pump and controlled by valves in the hydraulic process.\n5. Linear Motion: As the China hydraulic cylinders supplier fluid force acts on the piston, it forces the piston and piston rod to transfer in a linear way. The direction of the linear motion depends on which chamber is pressurized.\nsix. Force and Operate: The hydraulic cylinder generates force in proportion to the hydraulic fluid tension and the effective spot of the piston. The force exerted by the cylinder can be calculated utilizing the formula: Force = Tension × Piston Space.\n7. Sealing: Seals or sealing rings are employed to avert hydraulic fluid leakage among the piston and cylinder barrel. These seals be certain that the hydraulic force is contained within the cylinder, allowing it to crank out force and execute get the job done correctly.\n8. Regulate and Path: The flow of hydraulic fluid to the unique chambers of the cylinder is controlled by valves in the hydraulic procedure. These valves immediate the fluid to the wanted chamber, enabling for precise regulate of the cylinder’s motion and operation.\nHydraulic cylinders are commonly applied in several applications, this sort of as building tools, industrial machinery, automotive devices, and a lot more, exactly where linear force and China hydraulic cylinders exporter movement are expected.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is the working principle of solenoid valve\nThe working principle of solenoid valve: There is a clo […]\nThe working principle of solenoid valve:\nThere is a closed cavity in the solenoid valve with through holes at different positions. Each hole leads to a different oil pipe. In the middle of the cavity is the valve. On both sides are two electromagnets. Where it is attracted, by controlling the movement of the valve body to block or leak out the different drain holes, and the oil inlet hole is normally open, the hydraulic oil will enter the different drain pipes, and then push the oil through the oil pressure The rigid piston, the piston drives the piston rod, and the piston rod drives the mechanical device to move. In this way, the mechanical movement is controlled by controlling the current of the electromagnet.\nTracing the development history of solenoid valves:\nSo far, solenoid valves at home and abroad are divided into three categories in principle (ie: direct-acting, step-by-step pilot-operated), and the difference in valve structure and material and the difference in principle are divided into six There are three sub-categories (direct-acting diaphragm structure, step-by-step double-piece structure, pilot diaphragm structure, direct-acting piston structure, step-by-step direct-acting piston structure, pilot piston structure).\nDirect-acting solenoid valve:\nPrinciple: When energized, the solenoid generates electromagnetic force to lift the closing member from the valve seat, and the valve opens; when the power is off, the electromagnetic force disappears, and the spring presses the closing member on the valve seat, and the valve closes.\nFeatures: It can work normally under vacuum, negative pressure and zero pressure, but the diameter generally does not exceed 25mm.\nDistributed direct-acting solenoid valve:\nPrinciple: It is a combination of direct action and pilot type. When there is no pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet, the electromagnetic force directly lifts the pilot small valve and the main valve closing member upwards in turn, and the valve opens. When the inlet and outlet reach the start-up pressure difference, after energization, the electromagnetic force pilots the small valve, the pressure in the lower chamber of the main valve rises, and the pressure in the upper chamber drops, so that the pressure difference pushes the main valve upward; when the power is off, the pilot valve uses a spring The force or medium pressure pushes the closing piece and moves downward to close the valve.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "By Matthew Hickox, PE\nWhen complex issues at dams arise due to rapid change or unforeseen deterioration, industry standard design equations and methodologies developed in the 20th century cannot always provide the correct solution. Fortunately, engineers are increasingly able to turn to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to confirm the hydraulics situation so that appropriate measures or repairs can be applied. For a broad overview of CFD capabilities, check out our post, What is Computational Fluid Dynamics?.\nAbout the Expert:\nMatthew Hickox, PE, brings civil engineering expertise in stormwater and river design, planning, and construction phase services. His experience is founded on a solid understanding of hydrologic modeling, 1- and 2-dimensional hydraulic modeling, in-stream hydraulic structures, scour protection measures, culvert and bridge hydraulics, and the regulatory environment for stormwater projects.\nHow Does CFD Work in Practice?\nIn one recent case, stream hydrology and geomorphology had changed around a low head diversion dam. Located in a sand bed stream system downstream of what has been a rapidly developing urban area for the last several decades, the dam’s issues were compounded by several things happening in the stream system around it. Growing urbanization had increased not only the frequency of discharges, but also increased the base flow. A hydraulically steep system meant that a change from ephemeral tributaries to annual base flow also increased the sediment load as the upstream reaches eroded.\nThis combination meant that the stream channel downstream of the diversion dam had dropped 3-4 feet over the last 15 years, velocities had increased on the stilling basin apron with the reduced tailwater, and the sediment load causing abrasion on the face of the structure had increased. None of these issues were a fault of the diversion dam’s original design, but the changing stream hydrology and geomorphology caused conditions that were not anticipated by the original designers.\nA unit width CFD model of the existing structure confirmed field observations that the existing site conditions did not cause a hydraulic jump to form on the stilling basin apron – this jump washed off the structure, causing further damage potential directly downstream of the structure (see Figure 1).\nFigure 1. Existing conditions unit width CFD model results showing velocity, cross section view of structure.\nA similar unit width CFD model developed with the downstream stream bed elevation at the design elevation (pre-degradation) showed that the original design creates the hydraulic jump on the stilling basin apron and near the toe of the spillway face. While this unit width CFD model provides valuable verification of the hydraulics impacting the structure, this is not enough as the damage to the structure is very pronounced in the middle of the structure and nearly untouched in other areas. (Figure 2)\nFigure 2. Original design conditions unit width CFD model results showing velocity, cross section view of structure. The only difference with Figure 1 is the downstream bed elevation.\nThe full existing conditions CFD model confirmed the extents of the stilling basin apron abrasion and the resulting damage. (Figures 3 & 4)\nFigure 3. Existing conditions CFD model results showing velocity streamlines at 2-year event discharge. High velocities are areas of significant abrasion damage, low velocity areas have little or no abrasion damage.\nFigure 4. Existing conditions shows rebar exposed from significant abrasion damage to stilling basin apron in high velocity areas.\nDuring the preliminary design of the repair for this structure, a brief analysis showed that raising the tailwater on the structure would help create a hydraulic jump on the structure near the toe of the spillway, which would reduce the extreme velocities across the stilling basin apron and thereby significantly reduce the abrasion on the structure (see Figure 5). This preliminary proposed conditions CFD model only raised the end sill elevation; the condition and geomorphology of the stream system downstream of the structure will have to be evaluated for any final design condition to ensure the stability of the structure for the remainder of its design life.\nFigure 5. Preliminary design check to verify velocities under a raised tailwater condition at a 2-year event discharge. Velocity cross section slices shown.\nCFD models give us another tool to confirm the hydraulics when design situations do not fall neatly within the limitation of established design equations and procedures. A holistic view, both detailed at the structure and an overview of the watershed, is needed to assess conditions now and in the future at a project site. The design and operation of the structure in this example remain very close to the original design – it is the stream system that has changed around the structure. CFD provides another tool in the toolbox to analyze complex hydraulics when changing site conditions result in unexpected hydraulics and structure damage.\nFor more information regarding CFD or the hydraulic engineering services we offer here at Ayres, please contact Matthew Hickox, PE.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "high pressure control for a11vo190 a11vo260 pump\nresults for this questionIs the variable displacement pump a11vo compatible with HFA?Is the variable displacement pump a11vo compatible with HFA?The variable displacement pump A11VO is unsuitable for operation with HFA,HFB and HFC.When using HF4.8/5Price Range $1,900 ,page1.A10V(S)O (US-Version) - Hydraulic Controls,Inc.\nDR Pressure control 11 DRG Pressure control,remotely operated 12 DFR/DFR1 Pressure and flow control 13 DFLR Pressure,flow and power control 14 ED Electro-hydraulic pressure control 15 ER Electro-hydraulic pressure control 16 Dimensions size 18 to 140 18 Dimensions through drive 42 Summary mounting options 45\nRexroth A11VLO75,A11VLO95,A11VLO130,A11VLO145,A11VLO190,A11VLO260 Pump Hydraulic Piston Pump For Travel Machine or model A11VO75,A11VO95,A11VO130,A11VO145,A11VO190,A11VO260 series pump.Application.high pressure swash plate piston pump apply for open circuit system,build-in centrifugal pump which can enhance 19% max rotation speed AXIAL PISTON VARIABLE PUMP A11VO SERIES 40 BOSCHAxial piston pumps A11VO SERIES 40 in swash plate and bent axis design are intended for the medium and high pressure range.Numerous variations in the designs,performance ranges and adjustment options offer perfect solutions for mobile and stationary application ranges.Characteristics .Optimized high pressure pump for maximal power requirementsChina Ep1d Lrdh1 High Pressure Control Valve for A11vo190 Hydraulic Motor,Lrdc DRL,Pump Valve manufacturer / supplier in China,offering Ep1d Lrdh1 High Pressure Control Valve for A11vo190 A11vo260 Hydraulic Pump,Hydraulic Pump Piston Shoes Spare Parts for Cat12G Repairing,Hydraulic Pump Valve\nRexroth Hydraulic Axial Piston Pump A11VO40 A11VO60 A11VO75 A11VO95 A11VO130 A11VO145 A11VO190 A11VO260.Combination Pumps A11VO + A11VO of hydraulic system of industrial spare parts sales services fault finding installation or recondition hydraulic pumps motors control valve pressure holding valveYuken ARL1 series Compact Piston People also askWhich is axial piston variable displacement pump a11vo?Which is axial piston variable displacement pump a11vo?Axial Piston Variable Displacement Pump A11VO Industrial Hydraulics Electric Drives and Controls Linear Motion and Assembly Technologies Pneumatics Service Automation Mobile Hydraulics FeaturesAxial Piston Variable Displacement Pump A11VORexroth A11vo190 / A11vlo190 Piston Pump HydraulicWholesale Rexroth A11vo190 / A11vlo190 Piston Pump Hydraulic Motor Parts Bearing Seat to sell - provide Cheap Hydraulic Motor Parts from hydraulicpumpparts.\nRexroth A11VLO75,A11VLO95,A11VLO130,A11VLO145,A11VLO190,A11VLO260 Pump Hydraulic Piston Pump For Travel Machine or A11VO75,A11VO95,A11VO130,A11VO145,A11VO190,A11VO260 .Application.high pressure swash plate piston pump apply for open circuit system,build-in centrifugal pump which can enhance 19% max rotation speed,mainly use for Rexroth Pump Exporters,Rexroth Pump Selling Leads - EC21Rexroth Pump Hydraulic Piston Pump For Travel Machine model A11VO75,A11VO95,A11VO130,A11VO145,A11VO190,A11VO260 Application high pressure swash plate piston pump apply for open circuit system,build-in centrifugal pump which can enhance\nChina Rexroth A11VO75/A11VLO130/A11VO190/A11VL0190/A11VO260 Pump,Find details about China Pressure Pump from Rexroth A11VO75/A11VLO130/A11VO190/A11VL0190/A11VO260 Some results are removed in response to a notice of local law requirement.For more information,please see here.12345NextViton Hydraulic Pump Seal Kits A11VO260 A11VLO145High quality Viton Hydraulic Pump Seal Kits A11VO260 A11VLO145 A11VO160 A11VLO190 from China,China's leading hydraulic pump repair kit product,with strict quality control power steering repair kit factories,producing high quality power steering repair kit products.\nVariable pump,reversible,all components integrated for closed circuits.For applications in the high pressure range up to 450 bar.Integrated auxiliary pump for boost and control oil supply.Combined boost and high-pressure relief valves.Boost pressure relief valve.Possible to mount additional pumps on through drive up to the same nominal size", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Oil additives for quickly and accurately locating leaks in hydraulic systems. Renders the hydraulic oil extremely fluorescent so that leaks can be accurately located and the full extent of the oil loss can be determined by illuminating the affected area using an indicator lamp (UV flashlight).\nFluorescence indicator for mineral hydraulic oils. Normal dosage 1:100 and for weak leakage dosage 1:20.\nAdd to the hydraulic tank depending on the area of use. The usage concentration is 1:100, meaning that up to 50 l of hydraulic oil can be treated with a 500 ml can. With very slight leaks, we recommend increasing the usage concentration to up to 1:20, whereby the 500 ml can is sufficient for 10 l of hydraulic oil. After adding to the hydraulic oil tank, the hydraulic system should be used for several operating hours to achieve complete mixing of the oil and the additive. Perform the subsequent search for leaks in a darkened room wherever possible.\nCan sheet metal\nSafety data sheets\nImages and graphics", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "US 6105635 A\nA self-regulating valve assembly for use with a fluid exchange system for matching fluid in-flow and out-flow from an accessed hydraulic system. Particular applicability of the valve assembly is found in fluid exchange systems for vehicle automatic transmissions. An external pump assembly may be regulated by the valve assembly to match the introduction of fluid into the vehicle automatic transmission with a flow rate of fluid extracted therefrom.\n1. A fluid exchange system for use in exchanging a used fluid with a fresh fluid in a hydraulic system having a cooling circuit operatively connected to conduct a circulated fluid therein, said fresh fluid being contained in and dispensed from a source external to said hydraulic system, said used fluid initially being contained within said fluid cooling circuit and discharged into a receptacle external to said hydraulic system, said fluid exchange system comprising:\na first conduit adapted to be interconnected to the fluid exchange system, the source, and the fluid cooling circuit to conduct fresh fluid from the source into the fluid cooling circuit,\na second conduit adapted to be interconnected to said fluid exchange system and the fluid cooling circuit to conduct used fluid from the fluid cooling circuit, said used fluid at a predetermined pressure and flow rate;\na pump assembly for delivering pressurized fluid to said first conduit; and\na control mechanism operatively connected to the pump assembly and the first conduit and the second conduit, said control mechanism having a valve body having a plurality of ports and at least one valve received therewithin said valve body, said valve responding to a change in the predetermined pressure of the used fluid to vary an output of fresh fluid emitted from said fluid exchange system through said first conduit and into the cooling circuit, said at least one valve in fluid communication with both the used fluid and the fresh fluid.\n2. A fluid exchange system according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism further includes a pair of valves and an intermediate spring, all retained within the valve body.\n3. A fluid exchange system according to claim 2, wherein the spring assembly transfers a force from one of the pair of valves to the other valve.\n4. A fluid exchange system according to claim 3, wherein each of the pair of valves includes a bore for allowing fluid to pass therethrough.\n5. A fluid exchange system according to claim 4, wherein a pair of the plurality of ports is aligned with a bore of at least on of the pair of valves.\n6. A fluid exchange system according to claim 5, wherein one of the pair of ports is fluidly coupled to the pump to establish a feedback to the pump.\n7. A fluid exchange system according to claim 1, wherein an output flowrate of fresh fluid introduced into the cooling circuit and the flowrate of used fluid extracted from the cooling circuit are substantially equal.\n8. A fluid exchange system for use in exchanging a used fluid with a fresh fluid in a hydraulic system having a cooling circuit operatively connected to conduct a circulated fluid therein, said fresh fluid dispensed from a pressurized source external to said hydraulic system, said used fluid initially being contained within said fluid cooling circuit and discharged into a receptacle external to said hydraulic system, said fluid exchange system comprising:\na valve device having a valve body and at least one interiorly-received valve, said valve body having a plurality of ports, said at least one valve movable with respect to at least one of said plurality of ports, said at least one valve in fluid communication with both the fresh fluid and the used fluid;\na first conduit for receiving used fluid from the fluid cooling circuit and introducing said used fluid to the valve device at a used fluid inlet port at a predetermined pressure and flow rate;\na second conduit for receiving the pressurized fresh fluid and introducing said pressurized fresh fluid to the valve device at a fresh fluid inlet port;\na third conduit for receiving pressurized fresh fluid from an outlet port of said valve device, said third conduit coupled to the cooling circuit to introduce fresh fluid therein at a fresh fluid input flow rate; and\nwherein said at least one valve of the valve device responds to the predetermined pressure of the used fluid introduced from the first conduit to control a flow rate of fluid within the third conduit.\n9. A fluid exchange system according to claim 8, wherein the at least one valve includes a pair of valves.\n10. A fluid exchange system according to claim 9, further comprising:\na spring assembly, said spring assembly transfers a force from one of the pair of valves to the other valve.\n11. A fluid exchange system according to claim 10, wherein each of the pair of valves includes a bore for allowing fluid to pass therethrough.\n12. A fluid exchange system according to claim 11, wherein a pair of the plurality of ports is aligned with a bore of at least one of the pair of valves.\n13. A fluid exchange system according to claim 12, wherein one of the pair of ports is fluidly coupled to pressurized source of fresh fluid to establish a feedback.\n14. A fluid exchange system according to claim 11, wherein the input flowrate of fresh fluid introduced into the cooling circuit from the third conduit and the flowrate of used fluid extracted from the cooling circuit are substantially equal.\n15. A method of exchanging used hydraulic fluid with new hydraulic fluid in a hydraulic fluid system having an internal pump and a fluid cooling circuit, said method comprising the steps of:\nproviding a receptacle of new hydraulic fluid;\nproviding a pump for pressurizing the new hydraulic fluid at a pump outlet; and\ncoupling a pump controller between the pump outlet and the fluid cooling circuit, said pump controller having an inlet port coupled to the fluid cooling circuit for introducing used fluid at a predetermined pressure into the pump controller, said pump controller having a valve body and a valve received within the valve body, said valve in fluid communication with both the new hydraulic fluid and the used hydraulic fluid, said valve movable in response to changes in the predetermined pressure, wherein a flow rate of new hydraulic fluid introduced into the cooling circuit from the pump controller is dependent on the position of said valve within the valve body.\n16. In a device for exchanging used hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic fluid system with new hydraulic fluid, said device comprising:\na flow rate control assembly, said control assembly having a valve body and an interiorly received valve, said control assembly having a plurality of ports in fluid communication with said valve, said valve in fluid communication with both the used hydraulic fluid and new hydraulic fluid;\na source of new hydraulic fluid;\na pump having an input coupled to the source of new hydraulic fluid and an output coupled to an input port of said plurality of ports of the control assembly;\na used fluid conduit coupled between the hydraulic system and the control assembly for allowing used fluid from the hydraulic system to flow to the control assembly at a predetermined used fluid flowrate and pressure; and\na fresh fluid conduit coupled between the hydraulic system and the control assembly for allowing fresh fluid from the source of new hydraulic fluid to flow to the hydraulic system at a predetermined fresh fluid flowrate,\nwherein the predetermined fresh fluid flowrate is determined by a relative position of the valve within the valve body, said relative position depending on the used fluid pressure.\n17. A method of exchanging used hydraulic fluid with fresh hydraulic fluid in an vehicle transmission having an internal pump and an external fluid cooling circuit, said method comprising the steps of:\nproviding a volume of fresh hydraulic fluid;\npressurizing at least a portion of said volume of hydraulic fluid;\nproviding a control assembly having a valve body having a valve received therein, said valve body further having a plurality of fluid ports for providing fluid communication of both the used hydraulic fluid and the fresh hydraulic fluid with said valve;\ncoupling the pressurized portion of said volume of hydraulic fluid to the control assembly at a fresh fluid inlet port;\nconnecting the control assembly to the cooling circuit so that used hydraulic fluid flows from the cooling circuit to a used hydraulic fluid inlet port of the control assembly, said used hydraulic fluid at a used hydraulic fluid pressure;\nallowing the valve to move relative to the valve body in response to a change in the used hydraulic fluid pressure; and\nconnecting the control assembly to the cooling circuit so that fresh hydraulic fluid flows from the control assembly to the cooling circuit, said fresh hydraulic fluid having an hydraulic fluid flowrate, said fresh hydraulic fluid flowrate varies in response to a change in a position of the valve relative to the valve body.\nThis application claims the benefit of priority pursuant to 35 USC § 119(e)(1) from the provisional patent application filed pursuant to 35 USC §111(b): as Ser. No. 60/072,289 on Jan. 23, 1998.\n1. Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a self-regulating valve assembly for use with a fluid exchange system for matching fluid in-flow and out-flow from an accessed hydraulic circulation circuit, more particularly such as an automatic transmission fluid cooling circuit.\n2. Background of the Invention\nDevices and methods of use thereof for exchanging used automatic transmission fluid (ATF) with fresh ATF from an automotive transmission have recently been widely accepted. Such devices may access the fluid cooling circuit of an automobile and introduce fresh fluid at a predetermined flow rate while simultaneously extracting a similar predetermined flow rate of used fluid from the cooling circuit. Earlier advances in the art, for example, include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,318,080 and 5,472,064, both to Viken, and both herein incorporated by reference. The importance of balancing fluid introduction and extraction is also widely recognize. Accordingly, it is desirable to maintain approximate parity between the introduction of fresh fluid into an automatic transmission and the extraction of used fluid out of the transmission in a fluid exchange apparatus while performing an exchange of the transmission's used fluid for fresh fluid.\nA need has developed for devices and methods for use thereof for exchanging used hydraulic fluid with fresh hydraulic fluid in a closed or open loop hydraulic systems. Such devices would desirably access a hydraulic circuit and introduce fresh hydraulic fluid at a predetermined flow rate while simultaneously extracting a similar predetermined flow rate of used hydraulic fluid from the access circuit.\nMany prior art devices have relied on operator or other intervention to monitor and control an external pump which introduces fresh fluid at a balanced rate in an exchange system. Operator control of the fluid pump is an obvious limitation in that exchange performance relies on the relative skill of operator.\nFinally, many machines and methodologies have recently been developed for ATF exchanges of automobiles. However, the devices and methods have typically been relatively complex in design and application. A need exists for a simple, fail-safe automatic transmission fluid exchange device.\nAddressing the deficiencies of the conventional art, the instant invention resolves the problems in an efficient, and cost effective manner. The instant invention can be adapted for use in hydraulic fluid exchanging systems or applications (and other than for automatic transmissions) where it is desirable to match fluid flows entering and exiting the fluid system.\nOne aspect of the present invention provides a pump and valve assembly for balancing the introduction and extraction of fluid into and out of an automatic transmission system during a fluid exchange procedure.\nAnother aspect of the present invention provides an energy-efficient bypass or default mode of substantially limiting the pump load while the unit is a non-exchanging mode.\nYet another aspect of the present invention is the automatic nature of the device which does not require operator intervention during the exchange process. Importantly, an operator is not required to manually activate the pump once the automobile is started. The unit according to the present invention allows the apparatus to be interconnected to the transmission cooling circuit of an unstarted automobile with the external fresh fluid pump turned on. Activation of the vehicle functions to fluidly activate the valve assembly which couples the external pump's output to the fluid circulation line and simultaneously balances the flow rate of exchanged ATF fluid. This automatic start feature simplifies the fluid exchange procedure. When the exchange procedure has finished the engine may be turned off to render the transmission inoperative. The valve assembly then fluidly uncouples the pump to the fluid cooling circuit. The unloaded pump may thus continue operating for a significant period of time without overheating.\nThe above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are further disclosed in the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.\nFIG. 1 is schematic view of a fluid exchange system according to the present invention operating in a bypass mode of operation;\nFIG. 2 is schematic view of a fluid exchange system according to the present invention operating in an operational mode of operation; and\nFIG. 3 illustrates an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a control valve assembly.\nReferring now to the drawings, where like numerals represent like parts throughout, FIGS. 1 and 2 are a schematic views of fluid exchange system 10 according to the present invention. FIG. 1 represent the exchange system 10 in a bypass mode of operation. FIG. 2 represent the exchange system 10 in an operational mode of operation. The exchange system has fluid coupled components including a fluid pump 12, a source of fresh ATF fluid 14, a used ATF receptacle 16, and a control valve assembly 20. It may be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the exchange system 10 of the present invention, while described herein in a preferred application for use with automotive automatic transmission, may be suitable for fluid exchange purposes for a variety of hydraulic systems, such as vehicles, airplanes, tractors, stationary hydraulic systems, etc.\nFIG. 1 and 2 show a valve assembly 20 component of a fluid exchanger 10 for automatic transmissions in bypass mode and operational mode, respectively. The exchange system 10 includes a fluid conduit 50 which is interconnected to the outlet line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission (not shown). The exchanger 10 has a conduit 52 which is interconnected to the return line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission. As appreciated by those skilled in the art, conduit 50, 52 connections 54, 56 may be made directly to the outlet side and inlet side of the cooling circuit, or may be made to an intermediate flow correcting device (not shown) coupled between the cooling circuit and the exchange system 10 which aligns the exchange system 10 with the flow of circulated fluid of the cooling circuit.\nValve assembly 20 includes a valve body 22 and a pair of interiorly received valves 24, 26. The valves 24, 26 are slideably movable within the valve body 22 in response to fluid pressures introduced therein. The valve body 22 includes a pair of end caps 28, which are secured to valve body 22 by fasteners 30. End caps 28 may alternatively be temporarily or permanently secured to the valve body 22 through a variety of known mechanical, thermal, or chemical processes.\nReferring to FIG. 1 and 2, the first valve 24 includes a narrow diameter portion 32 which is received into a cavity 34 of the second valve 26. Both valves 24, 26 include keyways 36 (which associate with keys 38 of the valve body 22) to prevent rotation of the valves 24, 26 but permit free lengthwise sliding within the valve body 22. A spring 40 is disposed between the valves 24, 26 and is sized to be received into the cavity 34 of the second valve 26. Spring 40 may be a variable rate spring.\nAdditional features of the valves 24, 26 include control surfaces 42 and internal bores 44, 46. Valves 24, 26 each have a control surface 42 which interacts with fluid introduced from respective ports 70, 72. Control surfaces 42 are defined as approximately semi-cylindrical portions removed from the ends of the valves 24, 26. It is appreciated that a control surface 42 may assume a variety of shapes or configurations, but will permit the valve 24, 26 to interact under pressures presented to the control surface 42 by fluid communicating through an associated valve body port 70, 72. Relatively sharp edges are formed along the control surface perimeters 48. Fluid passing through ports 70, 72 and impacting the sharp edges of valves 24, 26 cause the control surfaces 42 to be less sensitive to viscosity differences of the ATF fluid.\nTo promote fluid sealing, valves 24, 26 each have a pair of O-rings 80 installed in circumferentially cut grooves. The O-rings 80 do not substantially inhibit valve 24, 26 motion within the valve body 22. In other embodiments, the O-rings 80 may not be necessary as the clearance between the components may be minimized to promote fluid sealing.\nValve body 22 includes an inlet port 70 to which conduit 50 is connected. Inlet port 70 is arranged to provide fluid communication with the control surface 42 of valve 24. Valve body 24 has a outlet port 74 which is connected to a used fluid outlet conduit 56 which is arranged to deliver used fluid and diluted used fluid to the used fluid receiver 16.\nThe fluid pump 12, which may be a gear pump or other suitable pump, has an inlet port 90 and an outlet port 92. The pump 12 may have an internal relief valve to protect against overheating caused by an obstruction to fluid flow. The inlet port 90 of the pump 12 is coupled to the fresh fluid supply 14 via conduit 57 and a valve body bypass outlet port 75 via conduit 59.\nThe pump 12 outlet 92 is coupled to an inlet port 72 of the valve body 20 via conduit 51 to provide communication with valve 26, and to a bypass inlet port conduit 77 via conduit 53.\nValve assembly main outlet conduit 52 is coupled to the valve assembly 20 at port 76 and fluidly couples the exchange system 10 to the return line of the cooling circuit. Transition ports 71, 73 are fluidly coupled together through conduit 54. Used fluid outlet port 74 of valve assembly 10 is coupled to conduit 56 which in turn is associated with used fluid receptacle 16.\nBores 44 and 46 are cylindrical passageways through valves 24, 26 respectively, and provide (depending on the position of each valve 24, 26 within the valve body 20) variable fluid communication between respective ports 77, 75 and 73, 76. The sensitivity of the valve assembly 20 is a function of the bore 44, 46 diameter and is determined in research by tuning the ports and conduit size combinations used in the system.\nImportantly, the valve assembly 22, 24, 26 and fluid conduits 50-57, 59 together define a feedback loop controller for controlling the pump 12 output. As may be appreciated by those skilled in the art, bore 44 and conduits 53, 59 define a feedback loop, with the extent of feedback determined by the variable flow rate of fluid through ports 77 and 75.\nThe specific progressive resistance profile of spring 40 is determined by the specific types and flow ranges of the transmissions that will be serviced. For example, if the apparatus is to be used to service large bus or truck automatic transmissions, the spring 40 will have a larger spring constant. Proper spring constant selection may be critical to the exchange system 10 functionability.\nOperation of the First Embodiment\nThe fluid exchange device 10 of FIG. 1 is schematically depicted as interconnected to an opened cooling circuit of an automatic transmission prior to starting the engine.\nBefore the vehicle engine is started to render the transmission operative, the pump 12 may be activated to circulate fluid in a bypass circuit through bypass conduits 53, 59 as indicated by fluid flow arrows in FIG. 1. During the bypass mode, the valves 24, 26 are maintained in position by the spring 40 force. As can be appreciated, the force from fluid pressure at valve 26 control surface 42 is less than the spring reacting force. Valve body 22 ports 73, 76 and 77, 75 are aligned with bores 46 and 44, respectively. Desirably, the pump 12 may operate in its bypass mode for an extended period of time without overheating. The bypass mode may also be referred to full feedback mode, as the entire pump 12 output is fed back into the pump inlet 90.\nReferring now to FIG. 2, upon starting the vehicle engine, used fluid is delivered under pressure of an internal pump (not shown) of the vehicle transmission, and is delivered into port 70 to displace valve 24. As valve 24 is displaced, used fluid is allowed to flow out of port 74 and through conduit 56 to be deposited in used fluid receiver 16.\nAs valve 24 is displaced toward its opposite end in valve body 20, it displaces bore 44 from ports 77, 75 effectively blocking the flow of fresh fluid through the bypass (feedback) circuit. This blocking of the bypass circuit causes fresh fluid to be delivered to port 72 through conduit 51 in increased pressure to displace valve 26 against spring 40, thereby allowing fresh fluid to flow out of port 71 through conduit 54, through bore 46, and then through conduit 52 to enter the return line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the forces transmitted by the valves 24, 26 cause the spring 40 to collapse.\nLow flow transmission pumps will displace valve only minimally exerting only minimal resistance against the fresh fluid entering port 72 from pump 12, but because valve 24 only minimally blocks bore 44, a relatively large bypass of fresh fluid is maintained and a minimal amount of fresh fluid is delivered to port 76 through conduit 54 to the return line side of the cooling circuit of the transmission.\nHigh flow transmission pumps will displace valve 24 maximally closing bore 44 to prevent much if any fluid from bypassing and thereby allowing the full flow of pump 12 to bear on valve 26, which opens bore 46 significantly and allows fluid to flow through conduit 54 at a maximum flow level.\nThe motions of valves 24, 26 under fluid pressure of ports 70, 72 may be reciprocatedly related. That is, as one valve 24, 26 is displaced in a direction away from its inlet port 70, 72 it tends to cause the other valve 26, 24 to move toward its inlet port 72, 70. It may be appreciated that the reciprocal relation is constrained by the intermediate spring 40 dynamics.\nImportantly, valve assembly 20 functions to permit the line pressure of fluid delivered from the internal pump of the transmission to exert priority or control over the flow output of the external pump 12 of the fluid exchange system 10.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The reduction in the mass\nThe same dimensions and pressure drop as that of a straight tube should have same mass flow rate through bend tube if the flow is fully attached without any secondary flow. Therefore, lower mass flow rate through the bend tube indicates that the flow is with secondary flow due to bend and has to overcome additional resistance due to secondary flow causing the LDC1267 in mass flow rate. This conclusion (on the basis of measurements and analytical solution) further reinforces the numerically obtained streamlines and velocity vector plots showing the secondary flows (Fig. 11).\nIn this work, experiments for low pressure nitrogen gas flowing through three different bend test sections of diameters (8, 13 and 20 mm) and lengths (208, 213 and 220 mm) are performed. The measurements cover part of the continuum and slip flow regimes (0.0003 < Kn < 0.0385; 0.27 < Re < 418.5). The static pressure measurements along the inner, outer and top walls are undertaken and analyzed to understand the flow behavior. The results are compared with analytical solution obtained for flow in a straight tube under similar flow conditions. The velocity field is thermiogenesis obtained through numerical analysis for better understanding of the flow behavior near the bend.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic Brake Control System for Off-Highway Vehicles 911834\nIn February of 1987, Dresser introduced a pair of new mechanical drive, off-highway trucks designed to operate in the 35 to 60 ton, rear-dump, classes. These trucks, designated 140M and 210M, replaced three previous models while covering the same payload range. One distinctive feature of these new vehicles was their hydraulic system and in particular the brake control portion of this system.\nThis new hydraulic brake control system can be described as a closed-center arrangement using a pressure-compensated, variable displacement pump as an energy source with accumulator-based energy reserves for independent and redundant circuits. In the basic version, a pair of pressure regulating valves are used to control system pressure at the brakes. These valves can be actuated in\ntandem by a treadle (foot pedal) or separately by hydraulic pilot pressure. A single, filtered hydraulic fluid is used throughout the system and is stored in a single reservoir vented to atmosphere.\nThe basic system is capable of accommodating multiple-axle (i.e. more than two) arrangements but was originally applied to a two-axle vehicle using dry, disc-type (caliper and rotor) brakes on all wheels. In February of 1990, the Model 140M and 210M trucks were revised to offer rear axle oil-cooled brakes as an option. The brake control system was subsequently modified to provide for this change primarily by the use of an additional pressure regulating valve and redundant circuitry.\nBoth the original and latest versions of this system are characterized by their use of a unique emergency brake control system. Through the use of logic-type control valves, a loss of hydraulic pressure in one circuit is used to force the remaining high pressure circuits into actuating the brakes. This paper will describe the arrangement and operation of this hydraulic brake control system and its function as an integral part of the overall vehicle hydraulic system.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How Do I Know What Size Hydraulic Pump I Need?\nWhen it comes to hydraulic systems, choosing the right size for your hydraulic pump is crucial. The wrong size can lead to inefficiencies, increased energy consumption, and even equipment damage. In this article, we will guide you through the process of determining the correct size for your hydraulic pump. Let's dive in.\nWhat is a Hydraulic Pump?\nA hydraulic pump is a mechanical device that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy. It generates flow to overcome the resistance of the system and maintain pressure. Hydraulic pumps are widely used in various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and automotive.\nImportance of Choosing the Right Size\nSelecting the appropriate size for your hydraulic pump is vital for several reasons:\nEfficiency: An accurately sized pump ensures optimal efficiency, reducing energy wastage.\nSystem Performance: It directly affects the performance of the entire hydraulic system.\nLongevity: The right size can prolong the lifespan of your equipment.\nSafety: Incorrect sizing may lead to system failures, posing safety risks.\nKey Factors to Consider\nTo determine the correct size for your hydraulic pump, consider these key factors:\nThe flow rate refers to the volume of fluid the pump delivers per unit of time. It's measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per minute (LPM). To determine your system's required flow rate, consider the hydraulic components you're using.\nOperating pressure, typically measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) or bar, is the force the pump needs to generate to move the hydraulic fluid through the system. It's essential to know the maximum pressure your system requires.\nThere are various types of hydraulic pumps, such as gear pumps, piston pumps, and vane pumps. Each type has specific applications and advantages. Selecting the right type is crucial for efficiency.\nCalculating Your Hydraulic Pump Size\nLet's break down the process of calculating your hydraulic pump size into simple steps:\nStep 1: Determine Flow Rate\nIdentify the flow rate required by your system. Consider the combined flow rate of all hydraulic components.\nStep 2: Calculate Operating Pressure\nDetermine the maximum operating pressure your system needs. This is essential for selecting the right pump.\nStep 3: Select the Right Pump Type\nBased on your system's requirements, choose the most suitable pump type, considering factors like efficiency and compatibility.\nStep 4: Verify the Sizing\nDouble-check your calculations to ensure accuracy. Consult with hydraulic experts if needed.\nThe Consequences of Choosing the Wrong Size\nSelecting the wrong size can have serious consequences, including:\nInefficiency and increased operating costs\nReduced equipment lifespan\nFrequent breakdowns and maintenance\nBenefits of Accurate Sizing\nChoosing the correct size for your hydraulic pump offers several advantages:\nOptimal performance and efficiency\nReduced energy consumption\nExtended equipment life\nEnhanced safety and reliability\nCommon Mistakes to Avoid\nTo ensure you choose the right size for your hydraulic pump, avoid these common mistakes:\nNeglecting to calculate flow rate and operating pressure accurately.\nSelecting a pump solely based on cost.\nIgnoring the type of pump that best suits your application.\nIn conclusion, selecting the right size for your hydraulic pump is essential for the efficient operation of your hydraulic system. By considering factors like flow rate, operating pressure, and pump type, you can ensure optimal performance, longevity, and safety. Avoid common sizing mistakes, and consult experts if needed for a smooth hydraulic system operation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Water pumping system :- (Solar Dc pump )\nPrinciple :-The pump which through out the water from the ground.\nWorking : The system operates on power generated using solar pv system.\nThe photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electricity which is used for running the motor set.pumping system draws water from the open well ,bore etc.\nBasic of solar water pumping system :-\nContent :-1) Parts of water pumping system. 2) Working of solar water pumping system. 3)Utility 4) appropriate cost. 5) Advantage of solar water pumping system.\nParts of solar water pumping system :-Solar pv panel,one of the following motor,pipe,\n1) Long operating life\n2)Highly reliable and durable\nLoad calculation :-\nSewing machine load calculation :-", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Discussion Questions: 1. What are the basic criteria for selecting the proper pump for a project? The first step is to determine the required pressure and flow rate for the project. The second step is to find the pump that provides the required pressure and flow rate at a high efficiency (>60% is the target). 2. At what flow rate and total dynamic head is the pumping plant that you evaluated in lab most efficient? Obtain from lab data: Maximum Pumping Plant Efficiency: 64% Flow Rate: 1800 GPM TDH: 43.9 ft 3. Explain what happened to the flow rate on the pump as the discharge pressure was increased. As the discharge pressure increased the flow rate decreased. What we actually did was decrease the flow rate, which then caused the discharge pressure to increase. 4. What was the impeller efficiency at maximum PPE? Did it match up with the manufacturers’ data? Why or why not? PPE = Motor Efficiency X Impeller Efficiency Imp Eff = PPE/ME = 63.68%/92.5% Imp Eff = 68.84% = 69% It does not match up with the manufacturers’ data for multiple reasons. The efficiency\nThis is the end of the preview.\naccess the rest of the document.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Find another flow measurement calculator by clicking on the required answer which coincides with the input parameters you already know.\n|vol flow||mass flow||flow speed||vol||mass||time|\n|area||flow speed||vol flow|\n|dia||flow speed||vol flow|\n|w x h||flow speed||vol flow|\n|time||vol||mass||vol flow||mass flow|\n|density||mass flow||vol flow||mass||vol|\n|flow speed||area, dia|\n- Calculate flow velocity from a given volume flow rate and area\n- Determine volume flow from area and speed of flow\n- Calculate cross-sectional area of circular pipe or duct\n- Calculate cross-sectional area of rectangular shaped duct\n- Area units converter\n- Convert volume and time to flow rate\n- Volumetric flow rate units converter\n- Volumetric units converter\nThis tool will calculate the cross-sectional area that a substance is flowing through from the rate of volume flow and the speed of the flow. A range of conversion values for flow and area will also be displayed for each set of input parameters entered.\nThe formula used by this calculator to calculate the cross-sectional flow area is:\nA = Q / v\n- A = Cross-sectional area\n- Q = Volumetric flow rate\n- v = Flow velocity\nn.b. This formula assumes uniform flow conditions within the entire cross-sectional area, without any friction losses near to surfaces.\nVolumetric Flow Rate Required\nEnter the quantity of volume which will flow through per unit of time.\nFlow Velocity Measured\nEnter the speed that the substance is moving through the flow area.\nCross-Sectional Area Calculation\nThis is the cross-sectional area that would be needed for a substance moving at the specified speed and rate of volumetric flow.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dorena Hydro LLC\nThe project proposes to utilize the flow released from the Dorena Dam and the head available from the Dorena Lake Reservoir to operate an eight MW ‘run of the river’ hydroelectric facility located in Cottage Grove, Oregon. The project is to coincide with existing USACE facility and maintain the functional performance of Dorena Dam and Lake.\nThe project will include the following features:\nEngaged by the client during the construction phase, to provide the following project management services:\nOur Key Accomplishments", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Magnetically coupled centrifugal pump\nMaterial : PP\nFlux/Sondermann magnetically coupled pumps without shaft seal are hermetically sealed, leak-proof and maintenance free. The sturdy design pump structure enhance resistance to highly concentrated acids and alkalines, ensuring safety when operating in critical cirucumstances. Due to the back pull-out design, the entire driving unit can be replaced without dismantling the pumping unit so the system stays hermetically sealed during the repair.\nThe material of pump construction\nPump Housing PP\nO Ring EPDM, FKM, FEP, FFKM\nBearing Silicon carbide, carbon, Alumina, PTFE\nShaft Alumina ceramic, silicon carbide", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "● Integrated steel sheet welder structure ,eliminate stress by vibration, with good rigidity and stability\n● The mold is processed after casting, with high precision and good strength .\n● Screw drive, high precision, double sliders, good stability .\n● In order to ensure the accuracy and stability of the machine during operation, the backgauge adopts a screw drive method to ensure the accuracy during operation. At the same time, double guide rails are used to ensure more stable operation of the machine and minimize run out\n● Compact design, more convenient installation. Use stainless steel oil tank, easy to disassemble and assemble oil pump .\n● Adopt SVP servo pump system, servo motor drives fixed displacement oil pump. In addition to the hydraulic power transmission that converts the mechanical energy into the kinetic energy of the hydraulic medium, the system also has the speed of the oil cylinder controlled by the size of the pump and the speed of the servo motor. With the help of displacement sensors, the speed and position of the cylinder piston can be precisely controlled according to the required work cycle timing chart .\n● Finite element analysis to get the best rigidity and weight .\n● The entire machine is designed with software for finite element analysis and strict stress detection to ensure that the machine meets the load requirements during operation, while the structure is more refined and the design is more reasonable.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Conexpo 2020 2020Liming; WOC 2020 2020Liming; BAUMA 2019 Liming; World of Concrete 2019 Liming; Bauma 2016 Liming; next news previous news more news. key visual. products. EXHIBITION . Conexpo 2020. Job Site Reference . Facebook Link. Video Center . EVERDIGM Corporate Video. footer area. PRODUCT. Concrete Pumps. Boom pump; Trailer\nCheck out the extensive inventory of concrete hydraulic pump trailer from trusted vendors at Alibaba.com. Purchase concrete hydraulic pump trailer of all …\nConcrete trailer pump for sale has the function of the reverse pump, which is helpful to remove the blockage in time and can stop the machine for short time. 3. The advanced S valve can automatically compensate for the wear clearance, with the characteristics of good sealing performance and high conveying pressure.\nTrailer Concrete Pump, Concrere Pump, Stationary Concrete Pump manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Zoomlion High Capacity Trailer Concrete Pump Hbt50.10.60RS with Ce/ISO Certification, Zoomlion Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Zcv1263, Zoomlion Mining Hydraulic Breaker Zhb205 and so on.\nAbout product and suppliers: Your search for high quality and adept hydraulic trailer concrete pump ends with the product line at Alibaba.com. Offered by the leading and prominent suppliers, keyword} categories on the site are sure to catch your attention the very first time. Have a glance at some of the most proficient hydraulic trailer concrete pump and decide on the best ones for all your\nWhy do concrete pump truck supporting legs fail to 2020Kefid Solution to rotating failure of concrete pump truck 2020Kefid Solutions to hydraulic vibration of a concrete pump Kefid\nconcrete mixer and pump Czechia. Our high quality products include concrete pump trailer concrete mixer pump truck mounted concrete pump concrete mixer pump truck concrete boom pump truck wet shotcreting machine and spare parts. concrete mixer pump adopts gravity type concrete mixers– JZC350 compulsory mixers– JS500 and JS750 which\nMay 19, 2020 · Congratulations! Aimix ABT40C trailer concrete pump has been put into use normally in Myanmar in May, 2020. After the trend of COVID-19, most of construction projects begine to work. Therefore, after several days' debugging and testing, our diesel concrete pump can pump concrete efficiently on construction sites.\nThe concrete mixer with pump is a small-sized trailer pump that adopts fully automated construction operation. It integrates the functions of feeding mixing and high-pressure pumping. The concrete mixer with pump operates by electric power. Or it can be powered by …\nWe specialize in supplying concrete pumps, concrete mixer truck, concrete concrete machinery parts for concrete pump, concrete pump truck, truck mixer, concrete batching plant, etc. Our typical products include the spectacle wear plate, cutting ring, s valve, wear ring, rubber end hose, elbow pipe, concrete pump snap clamp, concrete pump conveying cylinder, speed reducer, cleaning balls\nWOMA 70M, 150M or 190M pump coupled to a John Deere 4 or 6 cylinder diesel Industrial Open Power Unit (IOPU), complete with radiator/pusher fan, mechanical throttle control, muffler, and air cleaner all mounted on a robust skid painted to customer specification. Low pressure boost pump. Primary & Secondary filtration with access door as standard.\nMain Advantages of Trailer Mounted Concrete Pump. 1. Compared to buying concrete pump and mixer, the cost of concrete trailer pump for sale is lower, which is more ideal for investment.. 2. Concrete trailer pumps for sale can save human resource in the process of operation, significantly reduce the cost because only one person to operate overall the pumping process.\nWhy do concrete pump truck supporting legs fail to 2020Liming Solution to rotating failure of concrete pump truck 2020Liming Solutions to hydraulic vibration of a concrete pump Liming\nHBTS40 trailer concrete pump hydraulic system with dual discrete open-loop system, high efficiency, good heat dissipation, smooth.Buy Concrete Pump Trailer Pump Diesel Engine HBTS40.We will give you best price for concrete trailer pump.\nPutzmeister TK20 Trailer Pump - Concrete Line Pumps for Sale A rugged high-pressure pumping system the TK 20 is Putzmeister's answer for midrange pumping requirements. With an output of up to 17 yd³/hr (13 m³/hr) it has superb control for the most critical geotechnical and compaction grouting applications.\nTrailer concrete pump is suitable for rural construction, high-rise, high-speed, overpass. S-valve concrete pump has closed system, good seal-ability, high pumping pressure, high pumping height. The concrete cylinder with large aperture has the longest effective stroke, which solves the problem that the mixing tractor pump can not absorb large\n2004 SCHWING P88. EXCELLENT SCHWING CONCRETE PUMP TRAILER, MODEL P88, WISCONSIN ENGINE, READY TO WORK, CALL US FOR MORE INFORMATION, ASK FOR (BARBARA) 786-271-9779. Rios Concrete Equipment - Website. Miami, FL - 2,574 mi. away. Email.\nSany trailer mounted concrete pump hydraulic system pump controls use differential pressure sensing technology and bi-directional pumps. The bi-directional pumps feature smooth direction change abilities. The open loop charge system continually circulates the hydraulic oil for filtration and cooling.\nChina Famous Liugong Brand Hbt80 Hydraulic Pump Concrete Trailer Pump for Hot Sale, Find details about China Trailer Pump, Trailer Concrete Pump from Famous Liugong Brand Hbt80 Hydraulic Pump Concrete Trailer Pump for Hot Sale - Maxizm Construction Machinery (Qingdao) Co., Ltd.\nThe s-tube of trailer concrete pump for sale in Kenya is made from wear-resisting materials. The shaft head of s-tube uses high-strength material to avoid shaft head rupture. The main oil cylinder adopts sealing technology, which solves the emulsification problem of hydraulic oil. The inside surface of cylinder is covered with hard chrome", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Grundfos water pumps remove waste and transport pure drinking water to millions of users worldwide.\nWant to learn more?\nGrundfos provide people with water – day in and day out in an efficient and dependable way. Grundfos water pumps are used in a wide array of applications including residential, industrial commercial, and agricultural. We offer special designed Grundfos booster pumps to increase water pressure. Grundfos aims to be the world’s leading and most successful water pump manufacturer offering effective, reliable, energy-efficient water pump solutions.\nRead More +", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bearings, Bushings and Wear/Guide Rings\nRod Ends & Joints\nPumps & Accessories\nMobile Equipment Accessories\nThe PRINCE valve model RD-1600 is a pilot operated check valve. This valve blocks oil from flowing from the cylinder port to the valveport until sufficient pressure is applied to the pilot port. Oil can free flow from the valve port to the cylinder port. The valve has a two stage poppet allowing smooth chatter free operation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Flow Indicatorنوامبر 6, 2016\nVortex Flow meterنوامبر 6, 2016\nMass Flow meter\nMass Flow Meter\nMass flow meters,Thermal and Coriolis\nSuitable for gas and liquids\nInstallation and inline models\nHigh accuracy and response times\nexplosion- proof or Non-hazardous area\nThe advantages of this type of flow meter is Quick and easy measurements. And it is suitable for all the suffering It is widely used in industry Include: drugs, Chemical and petrochemical, oil and gas and food.\nWith this type of flow meter almost all liquids are measured. Detergents and solvents, fuels, vegetable oils, fatsAnimal, latex, silicone.\nIn conventional methods to size the mass of fluid, Density measurement is required. Actually Mass calculation has Errors. At the moment, all mass flow meters, are Doing these measurements with high accuracy. In this Flow meter, flow Fluid pressure is independent of measurable pressure.\nFlowmeter pamphlets, buy flow meter, flow meter buyer, manufacturing flowmeter, see flowmeter, the flowmeter, please meter, water meter sales, sales flowmeter turbine flowmeter gas sales, sales magnetic flow meter, flow meter, flow meter is oxygen, portable ultrasonic flow meter, flow meter portable, flowmeter turbine, positive displacement flow meter, mass flow meter, thermal mass flow meter, flow meter is, Chinese flowmeters, flow meter soap bubble, bubble flow, thermal flow meter, flow meter, soap, industrial flowmeter, flowmeter analog, open channel flowmeter, Coriolis flow meter, gas meter, laser flow, oil flow, air flow, compressed air flow meter, flow meter, hydrostatic, hydraulic flow, back flow, water flow meter price, the price of magnetic flow meter, flow meter copper", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "2. The selection of pipe materials should meet the following requirements:\n1) Pure water pipes and high-purity water pipes should be made of hard polyvinyl chloride pipes, polypropylene pipes or stainless steel pipes;\n2) Galvanized steel pipes should be used for cooling circulating water supply and return pipes;\n3) High-quality hoses should be used for the connection of production water equipment and pipelines;\n4) Corresponding materials should be used for pipe fittings.\n3.Boiling water supply facilities can be installed in the clean workshop; the wash basin in the bathroom should supply hot water; the softened water and pure water pipes should be adapted to the reserved cleaning ports, and the pure water terminal purification device should be placed near the water point.\n4.Sprinkler facilities should be installed around the clean workshop.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "City Council, District 1\nConcerns regarding adequate water supply, water quality, water costs, and prevention of water flooding are very important environmental concerns. Implementing the final version of the Water Forward plan will be essential for the next Council Member. Including Green Stormwater Infrastructure, keeping more storm water onsite, and considering porous pavement and green roofs are things that can positively impact water. I support bond dollars for flood risk reduction, drainage improvements, and acquiring water quality protection lands. Lower “lifeline” water costs for Austin customers is important.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "WATER TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, SERVICES & SUPPLIES\nVarious systems are available for treating water to various types of usage, including potable water. Potable water systems include Hadex drinking water disinfectant - food grade, reverse osmosis, UV sterilising and disinfecting, water softener and deioniser, copper-silver ionisation system, and many others. Replacement spare parts are also available. Other types of water treatment also include ballast… More\n23 companies found\nWater treatment chemicals, plant and services.\nRepair of water/waste water treatment equipment.\nSupplier of water treatment equipment.\nSpecialise in portable water treatmentsystems, industrial water treatmentsystems, sewage & effluent treatmentsystems, swimming pool, fountains &irrigation system.\nGeneral building contractor, in the provision of process and industrial plant engineering services in the water treatment industry.\nSupplier of reverse osmosis system, softener, EDI, waste water treatment, waste recycling, UV sterilisers & others.\nSpecialised in water treatment & other enviromental related business in China.\nTurnkey construction and management of water and wastewater treatment systems, design of water and wastewater treatment products and systems.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In the world of fluid handling and water transportation, the vertical axial flow pump stands out as a key player in delivering high performance and reliability. These innovative pumps offer a unique design that sets them apart from traditional pumps, making them ideal for various industrial and commercial applications.\nUnderstanding Vertical Axial Flow Pumps\nVertical axial flow pumps are known for their ability to move large volumes of water vertically, with the flow direction parallel to the pump shaft. This design allows for efficient water transportation in applications such as irrigation, flood control, and water supply systems.\nBenefits of Vertical Axial Flow Pumps\nOne of the primary advantages of vertical axial flow pumps is their ability to operate at high flow rates with low head requirements. This makes them perfect for applications where large volumes of water need to be moved efficiently. Additionally, these pumps offer enhanced energy efficiency, reducing operating costs and environmental impact.\nAnother key benefit of vertical axial flow pumps is their compact and space-saving design. Unlike horizontal pumps that require a significant footprint, vertical axial flow pumps can be installed in tight spaces, making them ideal for retrofitting existing systems or maximizing space utilization.\nApplications of Vertical Axial Flow Pumps\nVertical axial flow pumps find widespread use in various industries, including agriculture, municipal water systems, wastewater treatment plants, and more. These pumps are particularly well-suited for applications where large volumes of water need to be transported over long distances or to higher elevations.\nFrom dewatering construction sites to maintaining optimal water levels in reservoirs, vertical axial flow pumps play a critical role in ensuring efficient water management and distribution.\nChoosing the Right Vertical Axial Flow Pump\nWhen selecting a vertical axial flow pump for your specific application, it is essential to consider factors such as flow rate, head requirements, efficiency, and durability. Working with a trusted pump supplier like zgpumpvalve.com can help you find the perfect pump that meets your requirements and delivers reliable performance for years to come.\nVertical axial flow pumps represent the future of efficient water transportation, offering a range of benefits and applications that make them a versatile and reliable choice for various industries. Whether you need to move water for agricultural irrigation or municipal water supply, these pumps provide the performance and efficiency you need to get the job done.\nExplore the world of vertical axial flow pumps and discover how these innovative pumps can revolutionize the way you handle water transportation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "111 test points of Beijing urban pipe network monitoring temperature climbing water safety is guaranteed\nOriginal title: The temperature of the water temperature in the city is running this newspaper (Reporter Wang Tianqi) reporter learned from Beijing Yesterday, with the gradual increase in temperature, Beijing urban water supply volume has risen, urban water supply has been changed High operation state, the highest daily water supply is 3.23 million cubic meters.\nThe safety of water supply in urban area is safe. According to the relevant person in charge of the city’s water group, in order to ensure the scientific scientific scientific scientific water supply in the 爱上海后花园龙凤论坛 summer water peak hours, Beijing Shui Water Group Water Transportation Dispatching Center pays attention to the weather change, strengthen the water demand analysis and forecast, implement water volume and water supply trend daily meeting Commercial system, timely take measures.\nOptimize the operation of each water plant and water supply pipe network by strengthening the simulation analysis of water supply pipeline network.\nThe urban pipe network sets 111 pressure test points, comprehensively monitoring pressure changes in real – time, and makes full use of the water factory to save the peak ability, and ensure that the central pressure is qualified, and the regional pressure is balanced.\nThe city’s tap water group also conducted the maintenance of water supply facilities and equipment before the peak of water. At present, 290 plans such as water plant pump, medium repair, electrical equipment maintenance, and clean water brush are completed, and concentrate on the safety inspection of pre-peak water supply, timely elimination. Safety hidden dangers of water supply facilities.\nThe reporter learned that with the completion of maintenance work with the Nanshi North Time Main line, the city’s tap water group will be gradually converted from the Miyun Reservoir into South Water. At present, the water plant is smooth, and the water quality is safe and reliable. In order to ensure the safety of water quality, the city’s tap water group strengthens the water quality monitoring of the raw water, factory water, and pipe network terminal users, and analyzes water quality data in time.\nAt the same time, strengthen the management of water quality online monitoring system, and strengthen the water quality monitoring of pipe network terminals. In the water source, the water quality online monitoring point is placed in more than 500 online monitoring points, and the whole process water quality seamless supervision from the source to the pipe network user terminal is realized. , Accurately grasp the changes in water quality to ensure the safety of the public. Summer water peak, the most fear of the damage, leakage of water, etc. At present, the city’s tall water group has been prepared for the supply of water supply pipe network, in the main road, key areas, in key areas, the water supply pipelines such as construction site, and strengthen the dynamic monitoring of management network operation. Timely repair the pipe network damage hidden danger.\nThe city’s tap water group arranged at the same time as an emergency personnel and equipment 24 hours, and the Group 上海龙凤按摩 Customer Service Center 96116 will also provide users with repairs, consultations, and reports all day. In addition, the reporter learned that the city’s water group is found in accordance with the early data research. Due to the Changxin store in Fengtai District, the development of the North Qing Road region of Haidian District is relatively lagging. Insufficient pressure. In this regard, the city’s tap water group has developed a special water supply security plan plan in advance, and the water supply capacity, the water supply pressure, regulating the water supply pressure, coordinating the water supply efficiency in the region, and improve the water supply efficiency in the region. At the same time, it will accelerate the progress of the construction of Fengtaihe West Third Water Factory, Haidian Yongfeng Storage Factory 逍遥网上海论坛 Project Construction, and strive to invest in an early investment, relieve regional water tension.\n(Editor: Mensus, Bao Congying).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Ensure your hydraulic pumps and cylinders are performing at the best possible level with some top quality hydraulic oil all of the hydraulic fluid available here at sgs provides smooth and. Mobil shc™ 500 series synthetic hydraulic oils provide excellent wear protection for high-pressure sustainable hydraulic fluid with reduced environmental impact. How do you know if you're using the right hydraulic oil for most lubricated machines, there are plenty of options when it comes to lubricant selection just because. Are all mineral-based hydraulic oils the same fluid suppliers generally measure the oxidation performance of their hydraulic oil based on the astm d943 test. Log splitter hydraulic oil its obvious the oil companies cant develop a good hydraulic oil half, jul 8, 2013 #11 splitter77 arboristsite lurker joined.\nUk online suppliers of all hydraulics, including compression fittings, swaged fittings, hose, ferrules, swaging machines, and all other hydraulic engineering products. Award-winning, iso 9001 accredited, 80 years' experience and independent - working with 140 hydraulic manufacturers and suppliers. Crown oil are lubricant manufacturers, suppliers & oil distributors specialising in industrial lubricants & grease. Hci maintains a comprehensive inventory of hydraulic but also supplies components and application support for fluid at hydraulic controls, inc our. Pursant to my previous post of replacing the dipper hydraulic hose i need to top up the hydraulic fluid know what type of hydraulic oil oil suppliers.\nSpec oil hydraulic 100 lubricants online hosts products from all the well known brand name lubricant companies and can be delivered directly to your. Shell for suppliers back shell tellus hydraulic fluids include extra-long-life changing to shell tellus s2 m hydraulic oil reduced unscheduled maintenance. Choose from aw32 aw46 aw68 hydraulic fluid oil iso32 iso46 iso68 / pack sizes 5 gallon pail bucket 55 gallon drum 275 gallon tote / ships same-day nationwide. Hydraulic oil in pressurized control systems rely on fluid pressures to actuate and control moving parts consistently these systems require the use of clean.\nWe carry hydraulic, pneumatic and industrial products, hydraulic supply company is a full service distributor of fluid power products and services. Hydraulic oils for mobile & stationary applications right hydraulic oil provides smoother ride for your equipment it's no industry secret: one of the best ways to.\nSynthetic multi-viscosity hydraulic oil is formulated with varnish-control technology to keep hydraulic systems cleaner for long life and reliable operation. This is still the most practical route for companies that do not require fluid testing in hydraulic oil contamination of hydraulic fluid would at. Hydraulic oil suppliers, manufacturers, dealers, wholesalers & exporters in mumbai, maharashtra get latest & updated hydraulic oil prices in mumbai offered by verified companies.\nWelcome to fluidlink hydraulics fluidlink hydraulics are a uk manufacturer of mobile hydraulic power packs ( hydraulic power units) located in the southwest of england our hydraulic. Find shell rotella universal hydraulic fluid, 5 gal pail in the hydraulic fluids category at tractor supply coshell rotella hd tractor transmi.\nWe have developed revised uic class ii permitting guidance specific to oil and natural gas hydraulic fracturing the epa and partner companies have. Oils hydraulic companies and suppliers google plus facebook tweeter email hydraulic oil is required and it is really important to select the best sort of oil. What are chevron’s premium hydraulic oils and how do they compare to standard hydraulic oil chevron’s premium hydraulic oils are clarity ucts and companies. Cam2 promax™ tractor hydraulic 303 oil is a general-purpose lubricant for farm and industrial tractors and construction equipment cam2 promax™ tractor hydraulic. To-4 hydraulic fluid: to-4 hydraulic fluid is a fully formulated transmission fluid designed to provide superior wear and oxidation protection in power transmission.\nHydraulic oils lubricate the machine's hydraulic oil cannot be compressed beyond a certain point and therefore the pressure applied to the fluid in an. Operators of boom trucks or 'bucket lift' trucks know how critical it is to use the right hydraulic oil the oil must be 'thin' so that the controls are not slow and. Eaton one of the world’s preferred suppliers of hydraulic systems, parts, controls and technology solutions for a variety of applications. Online shopping for hydraulic oils from a great selection at automotive store lucas oil 10019 hydraulic oil booster 5 become an amazon vendor. Find hydraulic pump hydraulic motors related suppliers, manufacturers, products and specifications on globalspec - a trusted source of hydraulic pump hydraulic motors.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The opening of the intake valve when the piston moves downward in a pump is a fundamental aspect of its operation. To understand why this happens, we need to delve into the purpose and mechanism behind the intake valve’s function in relation to the piston’s motion.\nThe intake valve plays a crucial role in allowing the pump to draw in fluid during the suction stroke. As the piston moves downward, it creates a larger volume within the cylinder, creating a low-pressure zone. The opening of the intake valve at this moment enables the pump to take in fluid from the reservoir or the system being pressurized.\nThe mechanism behind the intake valve’s operation is typically based on a pressure differential. When the pressure in the cylinder drops due to the downward motion of the piston, it becomes lower than the pressure in the reservoir or system. This pressure difference causes the intake valve to open, allowing fluid to flow into the cylinder.\nOnce the intake valve opens, fluid enters the cylinder, filling the expanded space created by the downward movement of the piston. It is important to note that the opening of the intake valve is timed to occur precisely during the suction stroke, ensuring efficient fluid intake and preventing any backflow when the piston changes direction.\nThe significance of the intake valve’s operation in the overall functioning of the pump cannot be overstated. It is responsible for the intake or “inflow” phase of the pump’s cycle, allowing fluid to be drawn into the pump for subsequent pressurization and delivery. Without the intake valve opening during the downward motion of the piston, the pump would not be able to draw in fluid and fulfill its primary function of generating hydraulic pressure.\nIn summary, the intake valve opens when the piston moves downward in the pump to create a low-pressure zone and enable fluid intake. This mechanism relies on the pressure differential between the cylinder and the reservoir or system being pressurized. By opening at the right moment, the intake valve ensures efficient fluid intake and plays a vital role in the overall functioning of the pump by allowing it to draw in fluid for subsequent pressurization and delivery.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "WEH Technologies Inc. Datasheets for Hydraulic Fittings\nHydraulic fittings are parts used to connect hoses, pipes, and tubes in hydraulic lines and systems.\nHydraulic Fittings: Learn more\n|Connector for pressure and function tests on components with internal threads Special short design The type TW26 quick connector is ideal for hydraulic and pneumatic pressure and function tests on...|\n|Connector for pressure and function tests on components with internal threads The type TW19 quick connector is especially designed for sealing hydraulic components with female threads in high and low...|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Watch VideoPlay Video\nThe high water level continues in China's longest waterway even the flood peak was weekened by the Three Gorges Dam.\nYangtze River's flood peak reached the middle reaches of Wuhan Section on Friday, driving the water level close to the warning line. And it is expected to break the threshold on Saturday morning.\nWhile in the lower reaches of Jiujiang Section, the water level has been above the alert line for 11 consecutive days and is expected to continue until the end of the month.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "26.06.2018 | Flood Protection Scheme Nominated for Bavarian State Prize Includes EDR Participation\nFollowing frequent flooding in recent years, the municipalities on the Schmutter and Neufnach rivers developed a flood protection scheme. One of their first measures was the construction of a flood water retention basin at Langenneufnach. EDR's Hydraulic Engineering Department undertook the design work for the retention basin and supervised its construction.\nThe overall project was crowned winner of the Countryside and Village Development Competition 2018. Because of its outstanding contribution to the water management of Langenneufnach, Fischach and Mickhausen, this project has now been nominated for the 2018 Bavarian State Prize.\nMore information www.augsburger-allgemeine.de (German)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Relief control Valve adalah jenis safety valve yang digunakan untuk mengontrol atau membatasi tekanan dalam suatu sistem. Tekanan yang menumpuk dapat menciptakan gangguan proses.\nSeries BD servovalves provide high resolution in the control of position, velocity and force in motion control applications.\nThe DF1P hydraulic control valve is the preferred choice for highest accuracy in positioning of hydraulic axis and controlling of pressure and velocity.\nThe VS type is a pressure relief valve to reduce temporary pressure surge in burning appliances. The shutting-off of automatic valves or non-tightly closing of regulators can cause pressure increase\nThis constant flow valve has been developed for control of water and chemical flows. It maintains liquid flows constant against fluctuations of both primary and secondary pressures.\nModulating valves LMV are used in combustion processes that require linear adjustment of gas flow. It can be operated with stage control or with continuous modulation (analog signals, MZ5 servomotor)\nThe EVRM-NC type valve is a manual reset safety valve that is normally closed. When the coil is not energized the spring works on the shutter keeping the gas passage closed.\nLenc Safety Gas Solenoid Valve (Lenc Energy) adalah Brand solenoid valve yang diproduksi oleh Guangzhou Liancheng Energy Technology Development Co Ltd, anak perusahaan dari Eacoon Group", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "(12) United States Patent ao) Patent No.: Us 7,347,172 B2\nStrickler et al. (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 25,2008\nA hydraulic valve actuation system has a hydraulic actuator connected with a valve in an engine. The hydraulic actuator has a boost pin enclosing a drive pin in a casing. The drive pin connects with and defines a valve lash with a valve stem of the valve. The hydraulic actuator applies and releases an actuating force through the drive pin to the valve stem that selectively opens and closes the valve during engine operation. The hydraulic actuator adjusts the valve lash during one or more rest periods. By adjusting the valve lash during the rest periods, the hydraulic actuator essentially adjusts the valve lash in response to one or more of the actual physical parameters of the valve during engine operation.\n9 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "More precise and efficient water distribution\nBy having access to real-time data of water flows in the distribution network, water deliveries can be made with greater precision and efficiency\nBuild trust among\nTransparency in water flows and volumes will promote greater trust between irrigators and the irrigation district.\nIdentify and quantify water losses\nBy implementing Capta CFT telemetry in major infrastructure nodes, Irrigation Districts will be able to identify water losses by sections and take action to prevent or reduce them.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Coordinated Control under Transitional Conditions in Hybrid Braking of Electric Vehicle 2018-01-1869\nIn the hybrid brake system of electric vehicle, due to the limitation of the motor braking force when the motor is at high speed and the failure of the regenerative braking force when the motor is at low speed, there are three transitional conditions in hybrid braking: the hydraulic brake system intervenes the braking, the hydraulic brake system withdraws the braking and the regenerative braking force withdraws the braking. Due to the response speed of the hydraulic system is slower than that of the motor, there is a large braking impact (the derivative of braking deceleration) in the transitional conditions of hybrid braking, which deteriorates the smoothness and comfort in braking. Aiming at the impact caused by the poor cooperation between the hydraulic braking force and the motor braking force, a coordinated strategy of double closed-loop feedback and motor force correction is proposed in this paper. The double closed-loop feedback strategy relies on the motor force to compensate the tracking error of hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic brake system. The purpose of the motor force correction strategy is to allow the motor to consistently have the compensation capability under all transitional conditions. Simulation and hardware in-loop test were carried out based on Integrated-electro-hydraulic brake system (I-EHB). The HIL test results show that the proposed strategy can greatly reduce the impact degree when the two kinds of braking force switch. The impact degree of hydraulic braking force intervention decreased from the initial 28.26 m/s3 to 18.39 m/s3, decreased by 34.9%, the impact degree of regenerative braking withdrawal reduced from the initial −60.94 m/s3 to 16.84 m/s3, reduced by 72.3%, which improved the comfort in vehicle braking and provided a reference for the practical application of the strategy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lingzhuangzi waterworks in water processing adopts drug concentration of water body method to monitor and to determine the reasonable dosage.The method first dosing and monitoring of drug concentrations,after initial dosage judging by experience,which wastes manpower and cannot guarantee the result accurately.The determined dosage must first clear streamflow,reservoir a submerged inlet for the nonstandard rectangle thinwall weir,therefore,unable to use the existing flow formula calculation flow of traffic.At the entrance of the weir,there are both free outflow and submerged outflow. To obtain a more accurate flow rate,the physical model test method was adopted,and the model with a geometric scale of 1∶5 was made according to the gravity similarity criterion for experimental research.The experiment is carried out to analyze the flow change process of the weir.The appropriate position of the weir before and after the weir at the inlet of the water plant reservoir is set up,and the corresponding physical model is made. The actual flow capacity of a rectangular thinwalled weir is reduced due to the influence of the weir plate groove.The empirical value of the flow coefficient was Cd1=0.056 9h/p+0.597,and the measured value was Cd2=0.828h/p+ 0.543 8,respectively.The free flow formula was calculated by Cd2without considering the influence of surface tension.Submerged discharge conditions can be used to scale according to different valve opening and close the valve opening as a group,the outlet valve opening corresponding to the actual engineering of the middle and lower reaches of reservoir level can be carried out on the downstream water level \"sectional processing\",namely the designated several water level range,as a set of each water level range,according to the flood discharge formula in the calculation,flow coefficient,different groups of corresponding parameters a and bvalues. Through the model test,the flow variation law of free flow and submerged flow of the weir in Lingzhuangzi waterworks are studied,the test results show that it is feasible to preliminarily calculate the overflow by the water level in front of the weir and behind the weir,and the calculation ideas of the flow are given respectively. Compared with the standard rectangular thinwalled weir,the weir plate groove of the water conservation weir in the waterworks reduces the free flow capacity,and the measured flow coefficient is Cd2=0.828 h/p+0.543 8.The free outflow can be calculated directly by formula using flow coefficient Cd2.When the outlet valve has a certain opening,the submerged water depth increases with the increase of the incoming flow;when the flow rate is constant,the submerged depth decreases with the increase of the opening of the outlet valve;and when the downstream valve opening is certain,the submergence coefficient Cf has a mathematical relationship with h/p,and the submergence coefficient Cf of several similar valve openings applies to the same value of a and b.Outlet valve opening corresponding to the actual engineering of the middle and lower reaches of reservoir level,according to different groups,the downstream water level giving to the flood discharge formula,refer to historical traffic data,the relationship between the primary parameter values constantly in the process of practical application to modify parameters,the accurate calculation formula can be obtained,and then the automatic control of dosage can be realized.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- 1. This product is light and handy in appearance, small in size and easy to install.\n- 2.The impeller is inlaid with stainless steel beads, which is always wear-resistant.\n- 3. The sealing ring adopts an upper and lower force structure and never leaks.\n- 4. The Hall element is imported from Germany and is encapsulated with potting glue to prevent water ingress and never age.\n- 5. All raw materials are in line with ROSH testing standards\nThe water flow sensor is mainly composed of a plastic valve body, a water flow rotor assembly and a Hall sensor.\nIt is installed at the water inlet end of the water heater to detect the water flow rate. When the water passes through the water flow rotor assembly, the magnetic rotor rotates and the speed changes with the flow rate. The Hall sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal and feeds it back to the controller. The device judges the size of the water flow and regulates it.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Phone Number : +8613408630944\nWhatsApp : +8613408630944\nMarch 13, 2020\nThe normal operation of a small hydropower generating unit should meet the following conditions\n1. The turbine shall be operated continuously for a long time in accordance with the relevant parameters of the design.\n2. Do not start when the oil temperature of the turbine bearing is lower than 5 ℃, and stop supplying cooling water when the oil temperature is lower than 10 ℃.\n3. The temperature of the bearing of the turbine should not exceed 60 ℃, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 70 ℃. When the bearing temperature reaches 65 ℃, a fault signal should be issued; when the bearing temperature exceeds 70 ℃, an accident trip signal should be issued and tripped. The temperature of elastic metal plastic thrust bearing bush should not exceed 55 ℃.\n4. The bearing cooling water should work normally, no leakage and no abnormal sound; the temperature of the cooling water should be 5 ℃ ～ 30 ℃, and the cooling water pressure should be 0.15MPa ～ 0.3MPa.\n5. When stopping, the oil level of each bearing should be near the oil level standard line, and the oil quality should meet the standard.\n6. Guide vanes, guide vane arms, and shear pins should work normally.\n7. The main shaft seal and guide vane bushing should be free from serious water leakage.\n8. Oil, gas and water pipelines should be free of leakage and obstruction.\n9. The operation of the vacuum make-up valve should be normal.\n10.The swing and vibration value of each component of the unit should be within the allowable range.\n11. The governor should be operated under the state of automatic control. When the governor system is unstable or malfunctions, it can be controlled manually.\n12. Operation should be prohibited in the following situations:\n1) The upstream and downstream water levels cannot guarantee the normal operation of the unit or the pressure pulsation of the draft tube is too large;\n2) Unit vibration and swing are too large; the shear pin is sheared;\n3) The oil pressure of the oil pressure device drops to the low oil pressure specified value of the accident.\n13. Units with long downtime after overhaul should be put into trial operation according to actual conditions.\n14. After the overhaul of the unit is put into operation, a load shedding test should be performed.\n15. For units using a pressure regulating valve, the linkage between the pressure regulating valve and the governor should work normally.\n16.The metering instructions should be correct.\n17.Every 1h, check and record the operating conditions of the unit.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|The 50-horsepower iP3650 Jet Edge Mobile Waterjet Intensifier Pump is capable of producing of 36,000 psi (2,800 bar) of ultra-high pressure (UHP) water for mobile water jet cutting, surface preparation, water blasting and cleaning applications.\nThe waterjet pump utilizes a pressure-compensated hydraulic system to drive plunger style intensifiers. The use of hydraulic fluid power provides smooth flowing UHP water resulting in long system life. Reliable and precise control of the electronically shifted intensifiers ensures superior performance standards with reduced operating costs. The pump is built on a skid-mounted frame with lifting eyes and forklift guides provided for increased mobility.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "XCMG Crane Parts XCMG Parts clutch master cylinder860530945\nContact +8619852008965 WeChat WhatsApp same number\nApplicable models XCMG: QY25K5C_2 QY70KC QY50KC QY25K5D_2 QY25KC XCT35_BR QY25K5D_3 QY25K5D_3 QY25K5C_1 QY55KC_1 QY25K5F_1 QY50KC QY50K5C_1 QY25K5C_2 QY25K5F QY25K5C QY25K5D_2 QY30KC QY55K5C_2 QY25K5F_1 QY25K5D_1 QY30KC QY55K5D\nXCT80L6 XCT130_1 XCT12 XCT80L6 XCT25L4_S XCA40_M XCA30_JY XCT25L5_3 XCT55L5 XCT110_1 XCT60L6 XCT12 XCT25L5_SR XCT25L5_2 XCT95L7 XCT75L7 QY110K8C QY95K7C QY110K7C XCT100 XCT75_S QY40KC XCT90 XCT25 XCT25L5_E QY70KC QY40K5C_2 XCT60L6_1 QY75KC QY100K7C QY95KH QY100K6C QY50JW XCT16_1 XCT100_BR XCT60 QY20K5D QY85KC XCT25 XCT80L5 XCT100 XCT20L5_1 XCT75L6 XCT20L5 XCT80_S XPD36 QY16KC QY16KC QY40K5D_1 QY25K5L XCA40 QY40KD QY80K5D QY70K5D_1 QY50KD QY20K5C XCT50_Y XCT16_Y XCT25L4_Y XCT80_Y XCT60_Y XCT50_Y and other XCT QY RT series models\n2. Product introduction\nWhen the driver depresses the clutch pedal, the push rod pushes the master cylinder piston to increase the oil pressure and enters the wheel pump through the hose, forcing the wheel pump rod to push the release fork and push the release bearing forward; when the driver releases the clutch pedal, The hydraulic pressure is released, the release fork gradually returns to its original position under the action of the return spring, and the clutch is in the engaged state again.\nThere is a radial oblong through hole in the middle of the clutch master cylinder piston. The direction limiting screw passes through the oblong hole of the piston to prevent the piston from rotating. The oil inlet valve is installed in the axial hole at the left end of the piston, and the oil inlet valve seat is inserted through the straight hole on the piston surface. in the piston bore.\nWhen the clutch pedal is not stepped on, there is a gap between the push rod of the master cylinder and the piston of the master cylinder. Due to the limit of the oil inlet valve by the direction limiting screw, there is a small gap between the oil inlet valve and the piston. In this way, the oil storage cylinder is communicated with the left cavity of the master pump through the pipe joint, the oil passage, the oil inlet valve and the oil inlet valve. When the clutch pedal is depressed, the piston moves to the left, and the oil inlet valve moves to the right relative to the piston under the action of the return spring, eliminating the gap between the oil inlet valve and the piston.\nContinue to step on the clutch pedal, the oil pressure in the left cavity of the master cylinder rises, the brake fluid in the left cavity of the master cylinder enters the booster through the oil pipe, the booster works, and the clutch is disengaged.\nRelease the clutch pedal, the piston moves to the right faster under the action of the co-located spring, because the brake fluid has a certain resistance in the flow of the pipeline, the speed of the flow back to the master cylinder is slow, so a certain pressure is formed in the left cavity of the master cylinder. Vacuum degree, the oil inlet valve moves to the left under the action of the pressure difference between the left and right oil chambers of the piston, and a small amount of brake fluid in the oil storage tank flows into the left chamber of the master cylinder through the oil inlet valve to make up for the vacuum. When the brake fluid that originally entered the booster from the master cylinder flows back to the master cylinder, excess brake fluid appears in the left cavity of the master cylinder, and the excess brake fluid will flow back to the oil storage tank through the oil inlet valve.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Oromia Region, Water & Sewerage Authority has invested 210 million Br for a water project in Fiche town. The project will supply clean water to 180,000 people in Fiche, Semien Showa Zone of the Oromia Regional State. The source of the water will be eight 200m deep water-wells from which 80lt of water can be pumped a second. It will be operational in seven years. The project will include three water reservoirs with a carrying capacity of 3.2 million litres and two pumping stations. Access to water supply in the Oromia Regional State stood at 64pc by the last fiscal year, according to the Ministry of Water, Irrigation & Electricity.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Van Diemen's Land Irrigation Pty Ltd\nVan Diemen’s Land Irrigation has over 20 years experience in the irrigation and agricultural machinery industry. Van Diemen’s Land Irrigation import and manufacture a range of irrigation and pumping equipment.\nContact Van Diemen's Land Irrigation Pty Ltd\n228 Charles Street\nTel: (03) 6334 5600\nFax: (03) 6334 5880\nYou might also like:\nIrrigation | Generator Systems | Generators | Irrigation And Water Supplies | Irrigation Equipment | Irrigation Products | Irrigation Pumps | Irrigation Systems | Pumps | Irrigation Installation | Irrigation And Pumping Supplies | irrigation generators | Irrigation Hoses |", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pressure reducing valve is required for the hose reel system to reduce the pressure at the inlet of the hose reel to the nominal working pressure.\n|Code No.||Size||Working Pressure||Material|\n|HRS063-GM-025-NA||25mm (1”)||Max. inlet pressure up to 20 bar\n|HRS063-GM-050-NA||50mm (2”)||Outlet pressure between 1 to 4 bar\n(14.5 to 58 psi)\nMs. Nguyen (Vice president)\nMr Dong (Deputy business)\nMr Hy (Delivery)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Chapter 2 Power presses or shear machines\nSection 5 Hydraulic systems\nA hydraulic press shall have a construction that the slider cannot be activated without doing the start operation after a hydraulic pump started.\nAn over drop distance( inertial descending value) of the slider shall be less than the value in Attaching table 4 when the protective stop mechanism in the hydrautic press acts on the slider being of a maximum dropping speed.\nThe hydraulic press shall have a safety stopper to support the total weight of the slider and the upper half die.\nThe solenoid valve in the hydraulic press shall be a normally closed type with a spring-return construction.\nThe hydraulic presses shall have a safety device to prevent hydraulic over-pressure.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tamil Nadu informs Kerala, water will be released through spillway shutters of Mullaiperiyar dam tomorrow\nTamil Nadu has informed Kerala that water will be released through the spillway shutters of the Mullaiperiyar dam at 7 am tomorrow. This was mentioned in a Facebook post of the Kerala Irrigation Minister Roshy Augustine.\nHe said water will be released if water level continues to rise in the reservoir. The Minister said all precautionary measures have been taken by the state in view of the likely release of water from Mullaiperiyar. The Idukki District Collector has asked people living on the banks of river Periyar to shift to temporary camps.\nInflow into the Mullaiperiyar reservoir has increased with the catchment areas of the dam receiving heavy rains since last evening. The dam’s water level has risen to 138.05 ft. The reservoir is receiving an inflow of 5800 cusecs, while Tamil Nadu is drawing 2300 cusecs.\nMeanwhile, the authorities have closed the third shutter of the Cheruthoni dam yesterday afternoon, as the water level in the Idukki reservoir touched 2397.90 ft. The water level in the dam is currently at 2398.20 feet, following increased inflow.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Electric power Hydraulic tools\nRam Stroke: 25mm\nCrimping Capacity: 150-630mm2\nStandard Dies: 7 sets\nWe could supply co-630 to crimp stainless steel material .\nCO-630A is a heavy-duty hydraulic crimping tool. Designed to crimp large size cable connectors (Lugs Splices etc.) onto cable, can be widely used for cable connection job in electric transmission and distribution project. With 7 sets standard crimping dies, CO-630A crimping capacity is from 150mm2 and 630mm2. As a remote control tool, an external hydraulic pump is also required to work with CO-630A, provide hydraulic pressure.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic breakers and waterwheels were assembled at the bottom of the east and west banks of the Qijiang River Bridge along the South Outer Ring on April 28. The demolition of the approach span of the Qijiang River Bridge, which would be undertaken by PowerChina Roadbridge Group Co Ltd, was officially started.\nAccording to the head of the project, the components of the approach span would be demolished in 3 days, and the traffic on Cuijing Avenue will be resumed on May 1.\nThe demolition will be completed by May 15, when the construction of the new bridge will begin. The main structure of the new bridge will be completed by the end of September this year, and the bridge is expected to open to traffic by the end of December next year.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "coal crushing by hydraulic pressure coal crusher suppliers coal crushing by hydraulic pressure. coal crusher machines for sale Gulin provide the high pressure crusher coal usa solution case for you.\nBrief introduction of Hydraulic Cone Crusher Single Cylinder Hydraulic Cone Crusher adopts the best combination of crushing frequency and eccentricity,so size of the\nOil Hydraulic Cylinder, Big Hydraulic Ram Oil Pressure Cylinder. Min Crusher Wood Debarker Wood Lathe Wood Pellet Mill Wood Planer Wood Router Wood Shaving\nHp Hydraulic Pressure Cone Crusher Price. Cyclone Unit. Rod mill. Belt Feeder. Wear Resistant Slurry Pump. Concentrating Table. Magnetic Separator. SF Flotation Cell.\nHigh Pressure Crusher Coal Usa; High Pressure High Pressure Coal Briquetting Machine and Hydraulic Coal Pressing Machine Our infrastructure enables us to\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure Hydraulic cone crusher is Capital Cost Estimating Methodology for Coal The series of CC cone crusher with high-efficiency and hydraulic pressure\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure Cone Crusher is widely applied for primary crushing of many kinds of mining and hydraulic pressure Crusher Coal Stone Crushing Machine hydraulic Cone\nCoal, Crushing, By, Hydraulic, Pressure: Stone Crushing,Ore Crushing ,Sand Making ,Grinding Mill,Micro Powder Mill, Mobile Crusher, Mobile Crushing and Screening; Get\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure hydraulics in loesche mill Crusher South Africa. hydraulic working pressure Loesche coal grinding mills are distinguished by other the oil pressure in the\nhydraulic pressure cone crusher YouTube. Hydraulic Cone Crusher USA, Coal Surface Mining hydraulic cone crusher. Contact. China cone crusher Alibaba\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure Mobile Double Roller Crusher Mobile double roller coal crusher for sale Hydraulic Roller Crusher, hydraulic pressure, Double Roller Crusher Gallery.\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure cone crusher oil pressure. hydraulic oil pressure in loading cylinder of coal mill,Oil Filter Crusher oil cooled hydraulic cone crusher oil cooling system for\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure crusherasia. coal crushing by hydraulic pressure Mining equipment amp; mine gyratory crusher hydraulic pressure\nhydraulic system of coal mining machinery. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for\nHydraulic Cone Crusher is popular to be used in no need to disassemble the crusher body and fasten the bolts. Hydraulic pressure less than 0.04Mpa\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure Toothed roll crusher is widely used in coal, metallurgy, mining, chemical industry, The distance between the rollers can be adjusted by hydraulic pressure.\nHydraulic Pressure Hammer Crusher, Wholesale Various High Quality Hydraulic Pressure Hammer Crusher Products from Global Hydraulic Pressure Hammer Crusher\nhigh pressure coal crusher usa. crushing high pressure crusher coal usa by grady darlene no views thumbnail 20 21 .. hydraulic pressure cone crusher used in coal\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure Hydraulic Pressure Cone Crusher Used In Coal Preparation Plant. Hydraulic Pressure Cone Crusher. For investment of aggregates\nCoal crusher consists of frame, transmission device, hollow eccentric shaft, bowl-shaped bearing, crushing cone, springs and hydraulic pressure station for adjusting\nChina Hydraulic Coal Crusher with Large Capacity, Find details about China Hydraulic Crusher, Hydraulic Crushers from China Hydraulic Coal Crusher\ncoal crushing by hydraulic pressure codigomaya.mx. coal mill hydraulic jack sher. Final Presentation On Briquetting Of Coal ing hydraulic jack apply pressure for 2 to\nhigh pressure crusher coal [ 4.9 6578 Ratings ] The Gulin product line, consisting Coal Crushing By Hydraulic Pressure,Newest Crusher Coal Crushers\nHydraulic Crusher, crushing equipment hydraulic four roll crusher in india for rock ,coal,limestone,stone crushing. Hydraulic Pressure Cone Crusher", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Preparations underway to operate the spillway at Muskrat Falls\nJuly 22, 2016 – Preparations are underway at Muskrat Falls for operation of the spillway this summer.\nOperation of the spillway is a significant milestone in the construction of the new hydroelectric generating facility at Muskrat Falls. The spillway has five bays with gates that open and close as needed to control the flow of water. Once in operation and water is flowing through the spillway, activities to build the main dam across the river can begin, signaling the next major phase of construction activity at the site.\n“We’ve had our sights clearly focused on achieving this milestone since construction first began on the spillway in 2013,” said Gilbert Bennett, Executive Vice President of Power Development with the Lower Churchill Project. “Over the next month, we will complete the final activities required to safely and successfully place the spillway in operation and divert the river at Muskrat Falls.”\nAchievement of this milestone is a culmination of efforts by the project team and several contractors working on the spillway component. Astaldi Canada completed placement of concrete for the spillway, Andritz Hydro Canada Inc. supplied and installed the spillway gates and hydro-mechanical equipment, and Barnard Pennecon Limited Partnership constructed and removed temporary cofferdams at Muskrat Falls, as well as the temporary bridge over the spillway.\nRiver diversion activities have begun with rock material being placed across the river channel to build a cofferdam (temporary dam) upstream of the location where the main dam will be constructed. As this work progresses, the spillway gates will be opened to let water flow through the spillway. As rock is placed across the lower Churchill River, water flow through the spillway will increase. When rock placement has advanced all the way across the river channel, the spillway will be fully operational and all of the water flow at Muskrat Falls will be through the spillway. This will enable preparation for construction of the main dam at Muskrat Falls to begin.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Magnet Cove Waterline Extension\nPMI was contracted to provide dependable water service to a local industrial facility. PMI designed and provided construction administration services for a 9,000 LF 6” waterline extension. Additionally, PMI coordinated fire system design and construction which included a 75,000-gallon ground storage tank, fire pumps, and fire system piping. A water system model was developed using KYPipe 2012 to ensure that demands at the industry would not drop pressure on the main below desired levels.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "HiLo BiRo Hydraulic Power Units\n- Efficient operation with minimal horsepower\n- Heavy duty weather resistant design\n- Variable flow VFD option\n- Three phase and single phase models\n- Load counterbalance capability\nElectro Hydraulic Machinery’s HiLo Biro hydraulic units take advantage of an age old hydraulic circuit where a double pump delivers high flow at low pressure then switches to low flow at high pressure using a simple unloading valve. Both pumps deliver maximum flow to extend the actuator quickly, then high pressure at low flow kicks in when the load needs it most. This time tested unloading circuit has been used by industry for decades. EHM takes this simple technology to the next level by making it Bi-Rotational. The actuator is returned by changing the direction of the electric motor instead of a directional control valve. This same unloading circuit works in both directions without the use of troublesome solenoid valves and additional wiring.\nThe HiLo Biro is a heavy duty low cost solution that works great for powering actuators for presses, toggles, tools, machine slides, and many industrial or marine applications. These rugged power units come in a compact design available with either horizontal or vertical motor to work in small spaces at almost any inclination. Stainless steel reservoir and hardware make them ideal for outdoor use in marine environments.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "RAIN WATER HARVESTING (306 downloads)\n- It provides a substantial benefit for both water supply and waste water subsystems by reducing the need for clean water in water distribution system\n- Less generated stormwater in sewer system and a reduction in stormwater runoff polluting freshwater bodies\n- Clean water outlet which can be used for utilization or recharging of bore wells\nThere are no reviews yet.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Water supply systems efficiency thesis to obtain the master degree in a water supply system to a portuguese village was also analyzed. Water pollution thesis statement thesis statement water pollution has industrial supply of sewage treatment system allows more than 90. Conservation of water in public and domestic supply systems 18 conservation of water in public and domestic supply systems water supply system. The saskatoon south east water supply system a thesis submitted to the college of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements.\nWhat are some good thesis topic in water resource engineering our water system is quite unusual, how will global warming affect the supply of fresh water. Detailed monitoring of subsurface temperature development around the wells of an existing system was water supplies, this thesis water supply from. 8$,+7#0+,[email protected]``m1$,%[email protected]@f969a6d6vxfe6vvdy67c69a [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]]][email protected]@9e697. Assessment of challenges of sustainable rural water construction of the water supply system is most crucial factor in the organization of the thesis.\nIi this report “a water supply and sanitation study of the village of gouansolo in mali, west africa,” is hereby approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. Safe water system manual when el nino disrupted the water supply and many families were left without safe drinking water,. The maintenance of water supply system furthermore the structure of the thesis was it reviewed literature on maintenance of water supply system,. Regional groundwater banking and water reuse potential in the san francisco bay area water supply system by michelle anne lent thesis.\nA water supply system or water supply network is a system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic components which provide water supplya. Study of filtration for point-of-use drinking water treatment in nepal by the deputy director of the central laboratory of nepal water supply. His topic has two primary objectives: the first is to understand the evaluation of an installed municipal water supply delivery system by identifying all the physical components of any specific water. Vulnerability assessment of water supply systems for insufficient fire flows a thesis by lufthansa rahman kanta submitted to the office of graduate studies of.\nAn investigation into the technical structure and business model set-up for a water supply system for a rural master thesis proposal for an environmental. Ii performance evaluation of a drinking water distribution system using hydraulic simulation software for the city of oilton, oklahoma thesis approved. Hydraulics thesis - download as nueva ecija analysis of the preliminary design of the water supply piping system creating the preliminary design of the.\nCase study – analysis of the water supply system of the city of cluj-napoca chapter 6 personal contributions, this thesis deals with water supply in romania. University of zimbabwe a thesis entitled: assessment of the sustainability of community rural a case study of makeneng water supply system which was. An introduction to water supply systems guyer partners 44240 clubhouse drive el macero, when the sprinklers are served directly by the water supply system.\nWater supply system: water supply system, infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation, as well as for such public needs as firefighting and street flushing. This thesis, “community managed rural water supply systems in the 712 national water supply and sanitation company of nicaragua 81 general system profile. Fragility analysis of water supply systems by a water supply system consists of numerous components, such as pipelines, reservoirs, water tanks, and pumps. 2 hydraulic performance of palestinian water distribution systems (jenin water supply network as a case study) prepared by shaher hussni abdul razaq zyoud this thesis was defended successfully on 25 .", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Integrated flood management : concept paper.\nContributor(s): Associated Programme on Flood Management | World Meteorological Organization.Series: WMO (Series): no. 1047.Publisher: Geneva, Switzerland : World Meteorological Organization, c2009Description: 27 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.ISBN: 9789263110473; 9263110476.Subject(s): Flood controlLOC classification: TC805 | .I68 2009Online resources: Connect to online resource\n|Item type||Current location||Call number||Copy number||Status||Date due||Barcode||Item holds|\n|BOOK||NCAR Library Mesa Lab||TC805 .I68 2009||1||Available||50583010339715|\nIntroduction -- Floods and the development process -- Traditional flood management options -- The challenges of flood management -- Integrated flood management : the concept -- Putting integrated flood management into practice.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Vineyard Surface Water Treatment Plant\nThe Vineyard Surface Water Treatment Plant is the largest project ever undertaken by the Water Agency with constructions costs totaling over $200 million. This plant can treat up to 50 million gallons of drinking water per day and will ultimately expand to treat up to 100 million gallons per day -- roughly equivalent to 100 thousand homes and businesses.\nUntil now, nearly all of the water delivered to Water Agency customers has been groundwater pumped from underground aquifers. Recognizing the importance of wise management of the region’s groundwater, the Water Agency has focused long-term planning efforts on two things:\n- Securing rights and entitlements to surface water supplies and\n- Constructing the infrastructure to deliver that surface water to reduce demand for groundwater\nThese planning goals will be achieved with the construction of the Vineyard Surface Water Treatment Plant which will treat to drinking water quality water diverted from the Sacramento River through the new Freeport Regional Water Authority intake facility. The ability to deliver a substantial surface water supply will reduce demand for groundwater and allow aquifers to naturally replenish, helping to preserve our precious groundwater resources for future users.\nFor additional information about the Vineyard Surface Water Treatment Plant, please contact the Sacramento County Department of Water Resources: 916-874-6851.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "KATHMANDU: The 900 MW Arun-3 hydropower project under construction on the Arun river in Sankhuwasabh has completed 62 percent of the construction works. Arun Dhiman, Chief Executive Officer of the promoter company said that the project being constructed by SJvin Arun-3 Power Development Company has made physical progress in the generation component. Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN) is a public-private sector of India. With the construction progress so far, the project can be completed ahead of the target. SJVN is also constructing a 400 KV transmission line. The 217 km transmission line passes through 22 municipalities of seven districts.\nWhen the project is completed and operational, Nepal will receive 21 percent (197 MW) of the total installed capacity of electricity free of charge. Satluj has been given a 25-year generation license with the provision of handing the project to the Nepal government after the concession period.\nThe construction of the project has also boosted the economy of the local area.\nArun-3 project honored\nInvestment Board Nepal has honored the Arun-3 project at the ‘Sustainable Infrastructure Investment Forum 2022’ organized by Investment Board Nepal for its significant contribution to the development of the energy sector in Nepal.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Initially, a basic concrete pump was developed as a hydraulic two-cylinder pump. This operates by the principle that the concrete is drawn from the hopper by one piston and pushed by the other in the outlet pipe. A valve is used to control the choice in which cylinders must be opened to the hopper and which must be opened to the discharge tube.\nIn the future, variations have been bought in this design to facilitate the pumping of high pressure when the cement has to be pumped at different heights and lengths. In the quick building of high-rise buildings, this development has met with excellent demand.\nTypes of Concrete Pumps\nDifferent concrete pumps have been created based on the pumping pressure, easy operation, and development of techniques. Concrete pumps have the main classification as:\n1.Line Concrete Pumps\nConcrete line pumps are compact units primarily used for small buildings. A line pump on the truck or on the trailer is installed in the system. Therefore the arrangement is also known as a concrete pump or truck-mounted concrete pump mounted on a trailer.\n2.Boom Concrete Pumps\nFor the entire time of concrete pouring for a construction project, the boom concrete pumps remain in a particular position. These are therefore stationary pumps for concrete. They are larger and are placed on the ground. They are attached in different lengths with the cranes or boom arm.\nThe pumping of concrete at various heights, as in high-rise building, can be carried out with the use of concrete boom pumps. The pipeline can be reached by boomed concrete pumps up and down. These pumps can, therefore, cast tight places. These pumps can readily overcome obstacles during the concrete casting route.\nConcrete Pump Selection\nThe concrete pump is chosen based on the construction criteria. The following parameters permit for the correct and proper selection of the concrete pump:\n- Manufacturer of the Concrete Pump: Choose the best concrete pump maker in the area. To do so, ask local contractors and seek help from all reputed manufacturers. The pumping process in concrete is conducted under high pressure. This long-term pressure must be resisted by a good concrete pump. When the cement pump quality is lower than average, the construction projects will be broken down and affected.\n- The purpose of Concrete Pump: The concrete pump must fulfill the purpose it was purchased entirely. For example, if a concrete pump bought could not fill the half part of a tunnel being built, the pump would have no use for the construction project.\n- Price and Economic Factors: The selected concrete pump must be reasonable and operating at the rate at which it was purchased. Avoid the possibility to buy a pump for an extremely low concrete rate. Choose a concrete pump based on price and performance. Compare price and performance.\nConcrete Pump Selection Based On Work\nTwo main factors are regarded when the concrete pump is chosen based on the work:\n- Volumetric Concrete Output\n- The Pumping Pressure\nFor construction, the maximum volumetric concrete output per hour is determined for work. Based on which the pump pressure is determined. The specification for selecting the concrete pump is this pressure. Defines the power of the concrete pump’s driven unit by the required concrete output (Q) and pumping pressure (P).\nThen the hydraulic output (H) is given by:\nH = Q x P", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is a hydraulic system?\nA hydraulic system is an integral part of the engine.\nThe hydraulic system acts as a pump to draw fluid from the engine to the wheels.\nThe pump is powered by an electric motor which drives the hydraulic pump and hydraulics a hydraulic disc.\nThe fluid flow from the hydraulic disc to the hydraulic system can be either mechanical or electrical.\nA hydraulic disc is usually made of a steel plate with a metal housing, a disc bearing and a ring of bolts and nuts.\nThis system is called a pump and hydraulic system.\nWhat is an electrical system?\nAn electrical system is a mechanical system that operates by electrical means.\nThis mechanical system is also known as a hydraulic pump.\nIt has a hydraulic bearing, hydraulic disc, hydraulic bearing and hydraulic disc hub, and a hydraulic bearing.\nWhat types of hydraulic systems are there?\nHydraulic systems are often made of steel or steel parts.\nThe most common hydraulic systems used in cars are hydraulic disc brakes, hydraulic clutch, hydraulic steering, hydraulic differential, hydraulic oil and hydraulic fluid.\nHydraulic transmission systems are also often made from steel.\nHydraulics oil is usually a mixture of hydrocarbon oils, but can also be made from synthetic oils.\nOther common hydraulic fluid types are ethane, propane, butane and other gases.\nWhich hydraulic systems work best for your vehicle?\nThe following hydraulic systems use the same motor and are often used in the same vehicles.\nThey all work by pumping fluid from a hydraulic fluid reservoir.\nHow does a hydraulic unit work?\nWhen a motor drives a hydraulic device, it uses hydraulic fluid from one of three reservoirs.\nThe first reservoir is the hydraulic fluid supply, usually a hydraulic supply tank.\nThe second reservoir is usually the hydraulic hydraulic pump, which pumps hydraulic fluid to the front wheels.\nAnd the third reservoir is a separate hydraulic system, which can be the hydraulic distributor, hydraulic power pack or hydraulic bearing puller.\nWhat are the different types of hydraulically pumped engines?\nA hydraulical pump can be a conventional or electric motor, and it can also use a hydraulic transmission system.\nHow do hydraulic units work?\nHydraulic units are usually made from either steel or aluminum, and they have a hydraulic bore, hydraulic hub and a hydraulic disk.\nThe reservoir used to supply hydraulic fluid is usually designed to hold an appropriate amount of fluid, usually between 50 to 70 litres.\nThe disc bearing is a piece of metal, usually steel, that helps distribute the fluid evenly between the disc and the disc hub.\nA fluid pump is a device that pumps hydraulic fluids from a reservoir.\nHydrauls can also also be hydraulic discs, hydraulic clutches or hydraulic steering motors.\nHow are hydraulic systems controlled?\nHydrauls are controlled by two main controls: the hydraulic unit and the hydraulic output shaft.\nWhen the hydraulic units are working, the hydraulic shaft controls the power to the Hydraulic unit, which is controlled by the hydraulic power unit.\nWhen a hydraulic output is operating, the Hydraulical output controls the hydraulic motor, which controls the transmission.\nThe Hydraulic output shaft controls both the hydraulic vehicle and the Hydrauleural motor.\nHow is hydraulic power regulated?\nWhen hydraulic power is being supplied to the hydraulicus unit, it is usually regulated by the Hydraual unit.\nThe hydraulicia unit uses a hydraulic motor that turns a shaft of a hydraulic distributor and a gearbox to drive the hydraulic drive shaft.\nThe shaft of the hydraulic generator and the gearbox turn the hydraulic drive shaft to turn the hydraulic transmission.\nThis transmission then drives the hydrauleural drive shaft which then drives a hydraulic disc and hydraulic bearing.\nThis disc and bearing then drive the hydraular motor which then turns the hydraulic differential.\nThis differential then drives another hydraulic disc and a bearing that turns the hydrauleric drive shaft again.\nThis again drives the Hydraules hydraulic differential again and then turns a hydraulic differential to drive another hydraulic unit.\nThis last step drives the motor again.\nThe main difference between hydraulic power and conventional power is that conventional power can be regulated by a mechanical control unit, whereas hydraulic power can only be regulated with a hydraulic input shaft.\nWhat type of hydraulic pump is used in an engine?\nHydraULICS Power Pack or Hydraulic Disc Brake pump.\nThe power pack is a power unit that uses hydraulic disc bearing to drive a hydraulic hydraulic disc drive shaft that is mounted on a hydraulic drive disc hub and hydraulic shaft.\nHydraULIC Disc Brakes are a hydraulic pedal drive that is used for hydraulicing hydraulic disc discs.\nThe differential unit drives the differential disc, the disc bearing, the hydrauling unit and a set of hydraulic bearing control discs.\nHydraULC Brakes and Disc Brakers are hydraulic pedal brakes that use a hydrauling disc to drive hydrauliced hydraulic disc wheels.\nHydraULEUR Disc Braking and Disc Compressor are hydraulic braking systems that", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Author(s): Sung-Uk Choi; Byungwoong Choi; Jiyeon Jang\nLinked Author(s): Sung-Uk Choi\nKeywords: No keywords\nAbstract: Hydropeaking flows are known to affect badly downstream fish habitats. This study investigates the impact of natural flow regime on downstream fish habitat in a reach regulated by an upstream dam. For this, the physical habitat simulation is used. A 13.4 km long reach downstream from the Yongdam Dam is selected for the study area. Three dominant fish species are selected as target fishes. The Nays2D model and the habitat suitability index model are used for the hydraulic and habitat simulations, respectively. In order to construct dam operation scenarios for the natural flow regime, the Building Block Approach is used. Two hydrological methods by considering the magnitude and duration of the inflow and by averaging the inflow over each month are used. The weighted usable areas for dam operation scenarios and hydropeaking flows are computed and discussed.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Application of dam-break flow to green water prediction\nAdditional Document Info\nThe present study investigates, through analysis of laboratory measurements, the practice of applying Ritter's dam-break flow solution to the prediction of overtopping green water on an offshore structure. The flow field of green water has been very difficult to obtain from either numerical computation or laboratory measurement. The dam-break flow model has been used in design to approximate the effect of green water due to the possible resemblance of the two flows, the simplicity of the dam-break flow, and the availability of analytical solutions of dam-break flow. In this study, the velocity of green water on a two-dimensional simplified model structure was measured using a newly developed technique called bubble image velocimetry (BIV). The profiles of horizontal green water velocity along the model deck are presented herein. Ritter's analytical solution for the dam-break flow problem is examined and compared with the measurements. Two alternative approaches for quantifying the initial water depth, a parameter required in the analytical dam-break flow model, are investigated. The solution with the initial water depth estimated using the front velocity of green water is found to be in good agreement with the green water measurements. In addition, the influence of the deck length on green water velocity is examined. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Due to the water main leak repair work on Trenton Road, water service has also been turned off on Trenton Road from Timberdale Drive to Branson Way and on Hazlewood Road from Trenton Road to Man O'War Boulevard.\nThe water main leak repair work is anticipated to be finished and water service restored by approximately 12 a.m. on Saturday, August 19.\nCLARKSVILLE, Tenn. – Clarksville Gas & Water is repairing a water main on Trenton Road causing low water pressure on Trenton Road from Hazelwood Road to Timberdale Drive. Water service may also be turned off during the work.\nThe water main leak repair is anticipated to be finished and water pressure restored by approximately 8 p.m.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Introduction to Counter Surfaces\nTraditionally piston rods in hydraulic systems were chrome plated to provide friction and surface finish characteristics. Under the REACH directive, Hexavalent Chromium (CR6) is a substance of high concern and must now be omitted from any hydraulic application, leading to the adoption of alternative coatings for the hydraulic system’s piston rods.\nTo maximize the performance and system life in hydraulic systems, these should be designed to optimize a system’s tribology, which is dependent on the interaction of a system’s seals, hydraulic fluid and the finish of the mating surfaces. The lubrication within the hydraulic system is fundamentally affected by the surface finish of the mating surfaces. Their characteristics will determine the lubrication within the system and therefore the tribological environment.\nTraditional two dimensional representations of the piston’s surface finish were sufficient to describe chrome surfaces. The interaction between these, commonly used seals and hydraulic fluids, was well established. Currently, recommendations from seal suppliers for mating surface finishes in hydraulic systems, despite the use of alternative coatings, are still based on chrome.\nHowever, the surface finish characteristics of alternative coatings differ significantly from chrome. To read more, click the link below to download this whitepaper. This whitepaper proposes that to fully optimize the tribology effect within hydraulic systems where alternatives to chrome are used to coat the piston rod, more in-depth recommendations should be utilized.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Band 4 Sample Answer: The diagram below shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power station.\nSummarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.\nWrite at least 150 words.\n(This is solved Band 4 Sample Answer for the Writing Task one. It has been taken from IELTS Cambridge Book Two: Test 3)\nThe diagram below shows how electricity is generated in a hydroelectric power station.\nThe pictorial representation illustrates the process electricity making in the hydroelectricity power station.\nIt can be clearly seen that the process consist various steps. Where the days mechanism starts with water coming from river and through high level reservoir, The flow generates electricity and collected at power station for further dismission night mechanism starts with pumping the water from low-level reservoir with the help turbine to high level reservoir\nComing to details the water is being collected of the high-level reservoir from river. After that the water flow through the gates of dam. Moreover, the speed of water flow generates the electricity. Therefore, the resultant electricity is being stored of power statin and the water is being carried by reservable turners to the low-level reservoir. from power station the collected electricity has been transferred through power lines to natural gride.\nThe night mechanism totally opposite. Where the reservable turbines pumping the water from low -level reservoir to high-level. Reservoir trough pipes. Moreover, the intake point is closed at night. Thus, when the water reaches at high-level reservoir and again the day mechanism will start at day hours.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic pumps are mechanical devices that convert mechanical power into hydraulic energy. They generate flow with enough power to overcome pressure induced by the load. Hidros offer group 20 hydraulic pumps with different specifications.\nX067 series pumps are front section of double tandem pumps. They can be assembled with X066 series.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The function of the hydraulic system is to increase the […]\nThe function of the hydraulic system is to increase the acting force by changing the pressure.\nA complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power element, actuating element, control element, auxiliary element and hydraulic oil.\nHydraulic systems can be divided into two types: hydraulic transmission system and hydraulic control system. The main function of hydraulic transmission system is to transmit power and motion. The hydraulic control system should make the output of the hydraulic system meet specific performance requirements, especially dynamic performance.\n1. Power Element\nThe function of the power element is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of liquid, which refers to the oil pump in the hydraulic system and provides power to the whole hydraulic system. The structural forms of hydraulic pump are generally gear pump, vane pump, plunger pump and screw pump.\nThe function of actuator (such as hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor) is to convert the pressure energy of liquid into mechanical energy and drive the load to make linear reciprocating motion or rotary motion.\n3. Control Element\nControl elements (i.e. various hydraulic valves) control and regulate the pressure, flow and direction of liquid in the hydraulic system. According to different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valve, flow control valve and directional control valve. The pressure control valve includes overflow valve (safety valve), pressure reducing valve, sequence valve, pressure relay, etc. The flow control valve comprises a throttle valve, an adjusting valve, a flow dividing and collecting valve, etc. Directional control valves include one-way valves, hydraulically controlled one-way valves, shuttle valves, reversing valves, etc. According to different control modes, hydraulic valves can be divided into on-off control valves, fixed value control valves and proportional control valves.\n4. Auxiliary Components\nAuxiliary components include oil tank, oil filter, cooler, heater, accumulator, oil pipe and pipe joint, sealing ring, quick-change joint, high-pressure ball valve, hose assembly, pressure measuring joint, pressure gauge, oil level gauge, oil temperature gauge, etc.\n5. Hydraulic Oil\nHydraulic oil is the working medium that transfers energy in hydraulic system. There are various kinds of mineral oil, emulsion and synthetic hydraulic oil.\nFor more information, please contact us: hydraulic vane pump.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Beginning Tuesday July 17, 2018 the Dunkirk Water Department will be taking the City Water Tower out-of-service for approximately three to four weeks for required routine maintenance. This maintenance will include the Water Tower being cleaned internally and repainted externally.\nThe Dunkirk Water Department will be pumping water straight from the Water Plant to Distribution.\nTo prevent the rupturing of Water Main Lines, blow-off valves will be located at the following locations: South Broad Street and Willow Drive; Ellis Drive; Crossroads Credit Union; Hickory Street and Shadyside; and Mosey Manufacturing.\nQuestions concerning this required routine maintenance should be directed to the Dunkirk Water Department at 765-768-6050.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "(+372) 6 024 580\nOpen driving directions\nThe hydraulic pipe cleaning equipment is typically used in works such as unclogging or defrosting pipes and sewers with high pressure water jets and manual high pressure cleaning with washing gun.\nThe Dynaset hydraulic hose reel is designed for convenient at-work storage and quick and safe handling of high pressure hose. Together with Dynaset HPW-hydraulic high pressure water pump, hose reel integrates core elements of professional pipe cleaning equipment.\nUnreeling the hose is easy due to the free reel rotation; when pulling the hose or feeding it into the pipe. The reel can be locked hydraulically in any position. The hose reel is controlled with manual or solenoid valve with positions for locking, reeling, and free rotation.\nInstalling the hydraulic hose reel is very easy: it only needs connection to hydraulic circuit equipped with a flow limiter. The rotation speed of the hose reel is changed by adjusting the hydraulic flow that rotates the reel motor. Reeling force is preset to 800 N, which equals to 50 bar pressure. The setting can be changed with a pressure limiter valve.\nDynaset also offers a wide range of different nozzles for pipe washing and defrosting, and other purposes as well. When washing the pipe, the nozzle pushes itself forward in the pipe using the force of water jet streams coming from the back of the nozzle. It can reach the distance of over 100 meters.\nThe Dynaset High Pressure Water Fire Fighting system develops required water pressure, of over 120 bars, which minimizes the drop size under 160 µm producing thick water spray or even extinguishing fog.\nGrab for RDF ball handling\nHydraulic pulling power for all needs\nDigging made easy\n\"*\" indicates required fields", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "waste water treatment equipment.\nWater, sewage treatment equipment, air flotation equipment, block the dirt precipitation equipment, filtration equipment, evaporator, crystallizer, disinfection sterilization, filtration equipment, machinery grille, sewage equipment, aeration equipment, biochemical treatment process, water treatment agent, oil/water separation equipment, air flotation equipment, integrated wastewater treatment equipment, channel management\nSludge treatment equipment\nSludge dewatering equipment, mixing equipment, solid-liquid separation equipment, filter press, centrifuge, sand blower, vacuum machine, mud scraper and suction dredge, electrolytic treatment equipment, aerobic anaerobic treatment devices, and other\nComprehensive environmental management and engineering services.\nWater pollution prevention and control technology and equipment, technologies and equipment for the control of air pollution, solid waste disposal technology and equipment, soil and groundwater remediation technologies and equipment, noise and vibration control technology and equipment, ecological restoration and protection technology and equipment, the rural environmental protection, green low carbon technology and equipment and products, water supply and sewage treatment and disposal services, engineering services, environmental management and ecological audit, new and high technology service platform, investment and financing, computer hardware/software, analysis laboratory, operational/maintenance\nEnvironmental monitoring and instrumentation.\nWater, gas, noise, vibration, light, temperature, pressure, flow, heat measurement, such as continuous automatic monitoring system, the Internet of things technology involved in environmental monitoring instrument and meter technology and equipment, environmental monitoring sensor technology and products, the wisdom of water supply and drainage instrument technology and products, environmental water quality automatic monitoring system in succession\nMembrane technology/film processing equipment/related supporting products.\nMembrane components and membrane separation technology, equipment and services, shell membrane, membrane equipment, ultrapure water equipment, softened water equipment, filtration equipment, industrial pure water machine, water recycling, desalination and the use, high salinity wastewater zero emissions, waste leachate treatment and other process\nWater purification equipment\nThe central soft water machine, RO water purifiers, ultrafiltration water purifier, central water purification machines, household/commercial water purification water purification machine, straight drink machine, kitchen water purifiers, pure water machine, ceramic water machine, ultrafiltration water purification machine, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis pure water machine, water purification machine small molecular group to develop water purification machine, running water, electrolyte, in-line water dispensers, water boiler, IC smart card water machine, automatic machine, quartz sand, water purification equipment and so on\nWater treatment engineering units, consulting and design institutions, branch offices, certification/testing services, education, research, consultants, Internet of things.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sea Solar Dispersion Plant\nThe water which flows out of the basin is replaced by sea water drawn through the tube below sea surface level. A turbine is optimally positioned within this tube. The up-draught of sea water drives the turbine to generate electricity.\n|Debt Asking Amount||$3,000,000|\n|Date of Pipeline Induction||30-09-2015|\n|GHG Mitigation Potential (tonnes CO2e pa)||8,000|\n|PFAN Consultant Name||Roshan Motha|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plate Pressure oil filtration/ oil purification-LY\nPackaging and Delivery\nLY Plate Pressure Oil Purifier\nMSN: oilpurifier-kung (hotmail)\nYahoo Messenger: karenkung5 at yahoo.com.cn\nSpecially designed for Power station, electricity factory, mineral enterprise, lube depot, tractor station, petroleum, chemical engineering, metallurgy, national defense unit, etc.\nMainly used to Purify impurities of transformer oil, Turbine oil, Engine oil, Diesel oil, Kerosene, aviation Hyddraulic Oil as well as filtering edible oil while using stainless steel.\n--1. Mainly filtering impurities of transformer oil, turbine oil, engine oil, diesel oil, kerosene, aviation hydraulic oil.\n--2. Also filtering edible oil while using stainless steel.\n--3. Characterized by simple structure, easy operation, low cost, etc.\nInclude filter bed, oil pump and rough filter.\nThere are filtering media, such as filtering paper or filtering fuse, installed between the plastic filter board and filter plate that will be fixed to form a single filtering room under the pressure of the packing device.\nThe filtering paper or filtering fuse packed will play a role of filtering.\nWaste oil purifier, used oil purifier, oil recycling, regenerate oil purifier,\nVacuum Transformer Oil Purifier,\nSwitch oil filtration,\nTurbine oil purifier,\nHydraulic oil purifier,\nDiesel oil purifier,\nGear oil purifier,\nFuel oil purifier,\nFire-resistant oil purifier,\nlight oil purifier,\nInsulating oil purifier,\nLube oil Purifier\n1 Insulating oil purifier\nSeries ZY: Zhongneng vacuum insulating oil purifier\nSeries ZY-A: Zhongneng Vacuum Insulating oil automation purifier\nSeries ZY-R: Zhongneng Vacuum Insulating Oil Regeneration Purifier\nSeries ZYB: Zhongneng Multi-Functional Oil Purifying Machine\nSeries ZYD: Zhongneng Double-stage Vacuum Transformer Oil Purifier\nSeries ZYD-A:Zhongneng Double-stage Vacuum Transformer Oil Automation purifier\nSeries ZYD-R: Zhongneng Double-stage Vacuum Transformer Oil Regeneration Purifier\nSeries ZYD-M: Zhongneng Mobile Type Transformer Oil Purification Plant, Oil Recycling\nSeries ZYD-E: Zhongneng Enclosed Type Transformer Oil Purification Plant, Oil Recycling\n2 Turbine oil purifier\nSeries TY Zhongneng vacuum turbine oil purifier\nSeries TY-R Zhongneng vacuum turbine oil regeneration purifier\nSeries TY-A Zhongneng vacuum turbine oil automation purifier\n3 Lubricating oil purifier\nSeries TYA: Zhongneng vacuum lubricating oil purifier\nSeries TYA-R: Zhongneng vacuum lubricating oil regeneration purifier\nSeries TYA-A: Zhongneng vacuum lubrication oil automation purifier\nSeries TYA-I: Phosphate ester fire-resistant oil purifier\n4 Engine oil purifier\nSeries LYE: Zhongneng vacuum engine oil purifier\n5 Diesel oil, gasoline oil and fuel oil purifier\nSeries TYB: Zhongneng diesel oil, gasoline oil and fuel oil purifier\n6 Transformer oil regeneration device\nSeries BZ: Zhongneng BZ transformer oil regeneration device\n7 Oil purifier specially for Hydraulic oil and lubricating oil\nSeries TYA: Zhongneng oil purifier\n8 PL Plate pressure oil purifier\n9 JL Portable oil purifying\n10 TYD Water oil separator, oil purifier machine\n11 Fully Automatic Insulating Oil Dielectric Strength Tester (BDV Tester)\nSend Supplier a Message\nNot a Member?\nAlready a member? Sign In", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Adams Drilling has undertaken many large and small projects of dewatering unwanted aquifers. Water aquifers in underground mining and tunnel construction can be hazardous and slow production of projects.\nThese aquifers can be de-watered and the water re-injected through a series of water extraction and injection holes.\nWe are able to drill dewatering wells from small, shallow installations to large capacity, 1000m and over 750mm 30” diameter.\nConducted several large well fields with multiple rigs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Telescopic handler is combined of truck crane and forklift. Equipped with different accessories, the telescopic handler can achieve fork loading, lifting and other operations. Large amount of energy is needed to maintain lifting and lowering in large range with high frequency of the working device of telescopic handler. There is no energy recycling device for the working device that leads to the large dissipating of gravitational potential energy. In order to recycle the wasted energy, a three-chamber hydraulic cylinder boom system (TCCBS) is proposed. In this paper, the recycling principle is described. Then the energy consumption characteristics are analyzed. Further, the mode of TCCBS of telescopic handler is established and analyzed. Compared with the double chamber cylinder boom system (DCCBS), the single-action time of the boom is reduced 4.15 s. The velocity shock decrease from 0.12 m/s to 0.02 m/s at the beginning of the boom lowering process. The peak pressure decreased from 24 MPa to 21 MPa and the average pressure decreased from 17 MPa to 13 MPa during boom lifting process. The potential energy recycling of the working device is 139 kJ, which accounts for about 47.1 % of total potential energy. The cumulative output energy of TCCBS is 311 kJ, which is 92 kJ less than the DCCBS. The comprehensive energy saving efficiency is 22.3 %. The results show that the TCCBS can realize the potential energy recycling.\n- To solve the problem that the waste of potential energy of the working device on telescopic handler, a three-chamber hydraulic cylinder boom system (TCCBS) is proposed to recycle the wasted energy.\n- The mathematical model of energy efficiency characteristics using energy flow analysis method is novel, and the results provide a basis for system optimization.\n- A complete simulation model of the mechanical-electrical-hydraulic boom system is established in the AMESIM environment. The simulation results show that the potential energy recycling efficiency of the working device is 47.1% and the comprehensive energy saving rate of the TCCBS is 22.3%.\nThis paper is about the research on the potential energy recycling of telescopic handler by using TCCBS. The telescopic handler is combined of the truck crane and forklift. It can reach a farther distance and a higher working height by changing the length and amplitude of telescopic boom. The gravitational potential energy of the working device is increased with the length and amplitude of telescopic boom. Large amount of energy is needed to maintain lifting and lowering of the working device on telescopic handler with high frequency. A large amount of the gravitational potential energy is dissipated by the throttling effect of the control valve. That leads to raises the temperature of hydraulic oil rapidly. The cooling system should be added to reduce the temperature which further aggravates the energy loss . Therefore, it is an effective energy saving measure to recycle the gravitational potential energy of working device for the telescopic handler.\nIn the existing research, several main methods of gravitational potential energy recycling are as follows: electrical method, hydraulic-electric coupling method, hydraulic method and hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing method et al. Regarding electrical recycling method, an energy recycling unit  based on a generator coupled with a hydraulic motor was used to convert the boom gravitational potential energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy is stored in batteries, supercapacitors or a combination of the both . Generally, this type of system is needed to add additional energy utilization units . The energy recycling device based on hydraulic motor-pump-electrical motor in the energy recycling system of excavator boom was proposed , . This method can reduce energy delivery path to some extent. Lin et al used the electrohydraulic coupling method to recycle the gravitational potential energy . The recovered energy was firstly stored in the hydraulic accumulator. When the pressure of the accumulator reached the threshold, it would be recovered by the generator. Both electrical recycling and hydraulic-electric coupling methods are suitable for oil-electric hybrid power ,  or pure electric driving engineering machinery , . Also, the electric driving system and high-power energy storage unit have the disadvantages of high control cost  and poor system reliability , , which restrict the application and popularization. In addition, the recovered energy needs to be converted through multiple mechanical-hydraulic-electric conversions, and energy utilization rate efficiency is low .\nFor the hydraulic recycling method, the hydraulic accumulator directly recycles the gravitational potential energy. The flow of rod-less cylinder is pressed into the hydraulic accumulator when the boom lowers. However, the difficulty is to achieve the pressure matching between the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic accumulator. Therefore, a throttle valve is arranged to control the hydraulic cylinder descent speed . The recovered energy can be converted to mechanical energy reuse through torque coupling method or directly reused through flow coupling method. Kim et al proposed that the high-pressure oil of the accumulator drives the hydraulic motor to assist the power source . Amrhein et al proposed that the stored hydraulic energy can be driven the cooling system or other auxiliary devices . The shortage is that the utilization of energy is greatly limited. And only the device with low working pressure can be driven . It can also be applied to drive the hydraulic pump. The high-pressure oil of the accumulator was introduced into the inlet of the hydraulic pump to achieve reutilization -. However, the suction port of the hydraulic pump is required to withstand high pressure. In addition, the hydraulic accumulator high-pressure oil is introduced into the multiway valve inlet to realize reuse. But the disadvantage is that there is secondary throttling loss in the recycling process, which reduces the utilization efficiency . A new hydraulic transformer  and the asymmetrical pump controlled differential cylinder system  were used to solve the problem of secondary throttling loss.\nFor hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing method, Liang proposed the principle of independent hydraulic cylinder balancing the weight of the working device in his doctoral thesis . Its motion characteristics and energy efficiency were analyzed and tested. Gong et al proposed the potential energy recycling method based on a principle of alternate recycling of multiple hydraulic cylinders, and analyzed and tested its working performance and energy efficiency on SWE330LC . The system has high energy efficiency, but the original system structure is changed greatly. This is not suitable for the single hydraulic cylinder driving boom system. A hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing method was proposed to recycle the gravitational potential energy of the working device -. This research method has been theoretically and experimentally applied to 6 t and 76 t excavators. The system structure is simple, and the energy saving efficiency is high. It is especially suitable for working devices with single or more hydraulic cylinder driving. For hydraulic recycling methods and hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing method, the accumulator is essential for potential energy recycling system. Therefore, the parameters of the accumulator have a great influence on the operating characteristics and energy consumption characteristics. The effect of pre-charge pressure and volume of accumulators on energy efficiency of the system was analyzed, but there is no basis for selecting appropriate parameters .\nIn summary, there are many energy conversion steps in the electric recycling system, and the recycling efficiency is lower. Appling the novel hydraulic transformer to the hydraulic recycling systems has high energy recycling efficiency. However, with the complex structure and high cost, the research of the novel hydraulic transformer device are still in the initial stage and not yet been commercialized. The potential energy recycling system based on alternate recycling theory of multiple hydraulic cylinders has high energy saving efficiency. However, the original system structure is changed greatly due to the addition of hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing cylinder. Also, it is not suitable for the system with single hydraulic cylinder driving. In order to overcome the above deficiencies, a three-chamber cylinder boom system (TCCBS) is proposed in this paper. The three-chamber hydraulic cylinder can be regarded as a combination of piston cylinder and plunger cylinder. The piston rod and plunger rod divide the hydraulic cylinder into three-chamber. One chamber is connected with the accumulator. Set the accumulator pressure to basically balanced with the working device. This method can be applied to the system of single hydraulic cylinder driving boom without change greatly the structure. The introduction to the study is made in Chapter 1. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. The material and method are explained in Chapter 2. The energy characteristic analysis is analyzed in Chapter 3. The key components and complete system simulation models of DCCBS and TCCBS are studied in Chapter 4. The results of simulation are discussed and compared with previous studies in Chapter 5. The conclusions are presented in Chapter 6.\n2. Material and method\nOn the basis of analyzing the gravitational potential energy recycling system of hydraulic hybrid lifting machinery, a TCCBS of telescopic handler is proposed. Its system structure and working principle is compared to the DCCBS, as shown in Fig. 1. The potential energy recycling system replaces general hydraulic cylinder driving the boom with a three-chamber hydraulic cylinder. It is also equipped with an accumulator. The counterweight chamber C is connected with the accumulator to balance the gravity of the working device. And a controllable pressure keeping valve is set to switch the oil connection between the counterweight chamber and the accumulator.\nThe DCCBS adopts the load independent flow distribution system. Under the action of the control signal, the multiway directional valve works at the left position, the pressure oil provided by the variable pump passes through the multiway directional valve and balance valve to provide power for the double chamber hydraulic cylinder, lifting the load. When the multiway directional valve works in the right position, the pressure oil enters the rod chamber to make the load lower.\nFig. 1The working principle of the DCCBS and TCCBS\nFor the TCCBS, under the action of the control signal, the multiway directional valve and the controllable pressure keeping valve work at the left position. The pressure oil output by the variable pump enters the chamber A, and the high-pressure oil of the accumulator enters the chamber C. The boom is lifted to the specified position, achieving the utilization of the potential energy of the working device. Under the action of the control signal, the multiple directional control valve and the controllable pressure keeping valve work at the right position. The flow output by the variable pump enters chamber B. The high-pressure oil of chamber A flows back to the tank, and the high-pressure oil of chamber C is pressed into the accumulator. The boom lowers to the specified position, achieving the recovery of the potential energy of the working device. During the boom lowering, the variable pump only provides low pressure oil preventing cavitation because the boom is under negative load. In addition, when the resistance of the hydraulic accumulator is too large, the variable pump offers the TCCBS enough flow rate to make the boom lower.\n3. Energy efficiency characteristic analysis\nIn order to obtain the energy consumption of the TCCBS, the energy analysis of each component of the boom system is performed. The energy efficiency analysis between the DCCBS and the TCCBS is compared as follows.\nTotal energy consumption of DCCBS during boom lifting is described by:\nwhere, is the inlet energy of the hydraulic cylinder, is the outlet energy of the hydraulic cylinder, is the energy required for the boom to lift, is the energy loss of the pump and valve:\nwhere, and are the pressure and flow at the inlet of hydraulic cylinder, and are the pressure and flow at the outlet of hydraulic cylinder:\nwhere, is the loss energy of hydraulic pump and is the loss energy of hydraulic valve.\nThe energy loss of the hydraulic pump is due to volumetric loss and mechanical loss. The total energy loss of the pump is given as:\nwhere, is pump mechanical loss, for pump volumetric loss:\nwhere, is the torque loss of the pump, is the speed of the pump:\nwhere, is the flow loss of the pump, the outlet pressure of the pump.\nThe energy loss of hydraulic valve mainly caused by three parts: the overflow loss of relief valve, unloading valve and throttling loss of working valve, which are calculated as follows:\nwhere, is energy loss caused by relief valve, is energy loss caused by unloading valve, is throttling loss caused by working valve:\nwhere, is the flow of the relief valve, is the flow of the relief valve.\nDuring the boom lowering, the rod chamber of double chamber hydraulic cylinder maintains a certain pressure to prevent air suction. The energy consumption of the DCCBS is calculated as follows:\nwhere, and are the inlet pressure and flow of double chamber hydraulic cylinder with rod chamber, respectively. is the energy loss of pump and valve.\nTherefore, in the DCCBS, the total energy consumption in the boom up and down a cycle is expressed as:\nSince there is no energy recycling device, the waste of energy in the DCCBS is expressed as:\nIn the TCCBS, the counterweight chamber C and chamber A jointly drive the boom to lift, the energy consumption of the system is described as:\nwhere, is the energy at the outlet of three chamber hydraulic cylinder, is the loss energy of hydraulic pump and hydraulic valve, is the energy released by accumulator:\nwhere, and are inlet pressure and flow of chamber B respectively.\nThe energy loss of hydraulic pump and hydraulic valve of the TCCBS is the same as the DCCBS, that is :\nwhere, is the minimum working pressure of the accumulator, is the corresponding volume, is the inlet flow of the chamber C.\nDuring the boom lowering process, the energy consumption of the TCCBS is expressed as:\nwhere, the and are the inlet pressure and flow of the chamber B, respectively. is the energy loss of the pump and the valve.\nThe counterweight chamber C is filled with hydraulic oil to the accumulator, and the gravitational potential energy of the working device is converted into hydraulic energy. The stored energy is calculated as:\nwhere, is the maximum working pressure of the accumulator, is the corresponding volume, is the outlet flow of the chamber C.\nDuring the lowering process, the accumulator is filled with hydraulic oil under the pressure of the chamber B and the gravity of the working device. The gravitational potential energy of the working device recovered by the accumulator is expressed as:\nTherefore, the total energy consumption of the TCCBS is calculated as:\nIn summary, the potential energy recycling rate of TCCBS is expressed as:\nDuring one cycle of boom working, the energy saving effect of the TCCBS is expressed as:\n4. Modeling and simulation\nTo evaluate the feasibility and energy saving of the TCCBS. The simulation model of the DCCBS and the TCCBS are assembled in AMESIM environment. The structure parameters required by the system are from the Caterpillar TH514C telescopic handler. According to the principle shown in Fig. 1 and the parameters, the key components of the telescopic handler are modeled.\n4.1. Working device model\nThe working device is composed of a boom, a telescopic boom, a forklift. Its dynamics model is based on the CAD model parameters (hinge point size, inertia, mass et cl.). The simulated force acting on the boom cylinder can be calculated by this model. The force of telescopic handler boom is shown in Fig. 3. Assuming that point O is the origin of coordinate, the horizontal direction is axis, and the vertical direction is axis. The operating trajectory of telescopic handler working device is the rotation movement around point O, and its equivalent rotational inertia is expressed as:\nwhere, , and are the mass of boom, telescopic boom, and cargo fork respectively. , and are the moment of inertia of boom, telescopic boom and cargo fork relative to their own center of gravity respectively. , and are the distance from the center of gravity of boom, telescopic boom and cargo fork to the hinge point O respectively.\nFig. 2Energy flow analysis of DCCBS and TCCBS\na) Energy flow analysis of DCCBS\nb) Energy flow analysis of TCCBS\nFig. 3Boom force diagram of telescopic handler\nThe resultant force of boom at hinge point I is F, and the torque balance equation at hinge point O is calculated as:\nwhere, is the distance between the hinge point O and the hinge point I; is the acceleration of the boom along the direction of the hydraulic cylinder at the hinge point I; is the equivalent moment of inertia of boom, telescopic boom and fork around the point O.\nFrom Newton’s second law:\nAccording to Eqs. (25-27), the equivalent mass of the telescopic handler working device at the hinge point I is described as:\nThe 3-DoF working device model is established according to the parameters obtained from the above formula.\n4.2. Model of load sensitive pump\nThe boom system of Caterpillar TH514C telescopic handler adopts load independent flow distribution system. This system not only has the characteristics of energy saving, but also has good control performance. The use of a load independent flow distribution system requires a load sensitive pump, making the oil pressure of the pump is always higher than the load pressure by a small pressure difference (about 2 MPa). When the multiway directional valve changes the opening of the valve port, the pump can automatically adjust and output the flow corresponding to the load speed, regardless of the load size. This can achieve the matching between the output flow of the pump and the demand of the load. In the AMESIM component library call variable pump and load sensitive valve and pressure compensation valve. A load sensitive pump is composed of these components, and then enter the appropriate parameters.\n4.3. Load sensitive multiway directional valve model\nSince the AMESIM component library does not have a multiway directional valve for the boom system of the Caterpillar TH514C telescopic handler, a sensitive valve model is built based on the samples used. According to the working principle of multiway valve with pressure compensation, the appropriate components are selected from AMESIM model library and connected according to the working principle. Select mathematical models for components at different application levels. The global hydraulic parameters are defined, such as the bulk modulus, density, dynamic viscosity and working temperature of the working oil, and the key dimensions and internal parameters of each hydraulic component are defined. Set the simulation parameters and run the simulation, getting the similar results with the sample. Then parameters are applied in the boom system.\nAccording to the working principle of telescopic handler shown in Fig. 1 and the above model, the working device model of telescopic handler with DCCBS is assembled, as shown in Fig. 4.\n4.4. Three chamber hydraulic cylinder model\nDue to there are no special components like three chamber hydraulic cylinder in the AMESIM component library, the model is established by using two double chamber hydraulic cylinders according to the area parameters of each chamber, as shown in Fig. 5:\nAccording to Eqs. (29-32), , , , can be calculated.\nFig. 4Simulation model of DCCBS\nFig. 5Three chamber hydraulic cylinder model\n4.5. Hydraulic accumulator model\nThe accumulator modeling needs to meet the following principles. Firstly, the effective volume of the hydraulic accumulator is greater than or equal to the volume under the three-chamber hydraulic cylinder chamber C effective stroke. In other words, the hydraulic accumulator can recover all the recoverable oil during the lowing of the boom. Secondly, the working pressure of the hydraulic accumulator cannot be too high, otherwise the power of the pump will be increased and the dynamic performance will be reduced during the boom lowing. Thirdly, during boom lifting, the working pressure of the hydraulic accumulator is so low that chamber C balance working device is not obvious, so it needs to ensure that the minimum working pressure close to the pressure caused by the working device. At last, the installation space of telescopic handler is compact, the space of reserved hydraulic accumulator is limited, and the volume of hydraulic accumulator is as small as possible.\nThe volume calculation of hydraulic accumulator is calculated as:\nwhere, is the pre-charge pressure of the hydraulic accumulator, is the corresponding gas volume; is the minimum working pressure, is the gas volume under the lowest working pressure; is the maximum working pressure, is the gas volume under the highest working pressure. is the effective volume.\nFig. 6Simulation model of TCCBS\nThe effective stroke of hydraulic cylinder piston rod is , the effective working volume of accumulator is described as:\nAccording to the lifting process and static state of the DCCBS, the minimum working pressure of the hydraulic accumulator is determined to be 12 MPa by the pressure curve of the rod-less chamber of the hydraulic cylinder. In order to ensure the life of the hydraulic accumulator, the smaller the ratio of is, the longer the life of the hydraulic accumulator is, and is set. Therefore, the is determined to be 12 MPa and the is 24 MPa. The pre-charge pressure is . The parameters of hydraulic accumulator are shown in Table 1.\nBased on the above main component model and the working principle shown in Fig. 1, the TCCBS mode of the telescopic handler is shown in Fig. 6. The main parameters of simulation model are illustrated in Table 2.\nTable 1Five sets parameters of hydraulic accumulator\nTable 2Main parameters of simulation model\nDouble chamber cylinder\nArea of rod-less chamber\nArea of rod chamber\nArea of chamber A\nArea of chamber B\nArea of chamber C\nIn order to analyze the operating characteristics and energy efficiency of the TCCBS. The simulation of the lifting and lowering action of the boom is completed in the established model.\nThe comparative curves of the characteristics of the boom motions are illustrated in Fig. 7. As can be seen that the average boom lifting speed in DCCBS is 0.12 m/s, while in TCCBS, the average boom lifting speed is 0.22 m/s. In addition, at the initial stage of the lifting process, the boom speed of shock increases from 0.2 m/s to 0.34 m/s. This is because that the addition of hydraulic accumulator breaks the matching relationship between pump and load. During the descent of boom, the load sensitive pump is in flow control despite the resistance of the hydraulic accumulator. The average speed of the two systems is almost the same. There are obvious velocity shocks due to the inertia of the working device in the process of accelerating to decline. The velocity shock decreases from 0.12 m/s to 0.02 m/s at the beginning of the boom lowering process. Therefore, the hydraulic accumulator also plays a good buffer effect in the lowering process.\nThe pressure curve of the boom cylinder and the pump of the DCCBS is illustrated in Fig. 8. From 0-0.76 s, the multiway directional valve is in the middle position, the pump is in the lower pressure standby condition. The pressure of the pump is the same as the set pressure of the load sensitive valve (about 2 MPa). In the lifting process form 0.76 s-10.05 s, the multiway directional valve is switched to the left position, and the boom is lifted. Due to the load sensitive valve through its own adjustment function, the pressure difference between the pump and the rod-less chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is always maintained at about 2 MPa. The peak pressure of the pump is 24 MPa, and the average pressure is 17 MPa. When the boom rises to the highest position, the hydraulic cylinder piston moves to the end of the stroke. From 10.05-11 s, the multiway directional valve does not switch, the pump and the hydraulic cylinder rod-less chamber pressure reaches maximum pressure of 32 MPa. During this period, the pump is in high pressure standby condition. When the multiway directional valve is switched to the median, the pump is unloaded from 11 s to 12 s, and the pump is in the minimum displacement state through the variable mechanism. The pump output pressure is the same as the set pressure of the load sensitive valve. The pump is in the lower pressure standby condition again. From 12 s to 17 s, the multiway directional valve is switched to the right position, and the boom lowers. At the moment of lowering, the pump output pressure reaches the peak pressure of 28 MPa. The pressure of the rod chamber and the gravity of the working device form a resultant force and act on the rod-less chamber of the boom cylinder. Due to the large gravity of the working device, the boom mainly depends on the gravity to lower. Therefore, the pressure of the rod chamber is very small. The pump is in the working state with the largest displacement. The average pressure of rod-less chamber is 7 MPa. The high-pressure oil of rod-less chamber flows back to the tank through the multiway directional valve. This throttling loss energy cannot be recycled.\nFig. 7Motion characteristics comparison\nFig. 8pressure curves of DCCBS\nFig. 9 shows the pressure curves of the three-chamber hydraulic cylinder, pump and hydraulic accumulator of TCCBS. During this period of lifting process from 0.76 s to 5.9 s, the oil of the hydraulic pump flows into the chamber A, and the high-pressure oil of the hydraulic accumulator enters the chamber C. The chamber B is connected to the tank. With the help of hydraulic accumulator, the pressure of the pump is obviously decreased. The peak pressure of the pump is 21 MPa, which is 3.5 MPa lower than that of the DCCBS. The average pressure is 13 MPa, which is 4 MPa lower than that of the DCCBS. The accumulator pressure decreases from 17.5 MPa to 10 MPa as the boom lifts. During the boom lowering from 9-14.31 s, the oil of the hydraulic pump flows into the chamber B, the chamber A receives the oil tank, and the high-pressure oil of chamber C is pressed into the accumulator. As the boom decreases, the accumulator pressure increases from 10 MPa to 17.5 MPa. Due to the accumulator exerts a resistance effect, the average pressure of the pump is 7 MPa higher than that of the DDCBS. The energy of the chamber A is dissipated through the multiway directional valve, which cannot be recycled.\nFig. 9Pressure curves of TCCBS\nThe power output comparison curves of hydraulic pumps for TCCBS and DCCBS are illustrated in Fig. 10. In the process of boom lifting, the average output power is 46 kW of DCCBS. In the TCCBS, the average output power is 32 kW. In the process of boom lowering process, due to overcoming the accumulator resistance, the average output power is 20 kW of the TCCBS, which is 5 kW higher than that of the DCCBS.\nFig. 10Comparison of system power curves\nThe accumulated output energy from pump and hydraulic accumulator is illustrated in Fig. 11. In the process of boom lifting, the energy consumption of DCCBS is 352 kJ, while the energy consumption of TCCBS is 163 kJ. The energy released by accumulator is 181 kJ. In the process of boom lowering, due to the effect of accumulator, the energy consumption of DCCBS is 148 kJ, which is higher than the DCCBS by 51 kJ. The energy recovered by accumulator is 181 kJ, which one of potential energy of the boom is 139 kJ according to Fig. 2. and Eqs. (1-21). During this period of boom working process, the energy consumption of DCCBS is 403 kJ, while the energy consumption of TCCBS is 311 kJ. Thus, according to Eqs. (22-24), the potential energy recycling efficiency of the TCCBS is 47.1 %; the comprehensive energy saving efficiency of the TCCBS is 22.3 %.\nFig. 11Comparison of cumulative output energy curves\nCompared with other three potential energy recycling methods. For electrical recycling method, the potential energy recycling efficiency is 36 % because there are many energic conversion steps in the electric recycling system. Regarding the hydraulic recycling method, the potential energy recycling efficiency is 39 % due to the secondary throttling loss during utilization process. For potential energy recycling method based on a principle of alternate recycling of multiple hydraulic cylinders, the potential energy recycling efficiency is 45.2 %. Though it has high energy saving efficiency, the original system structure is changed greatly due to the addition of hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing cylinder. From the above discussion, The TCCBS not only high recycling efficiency and simple structure.\nThe influence of pre-charge pressure and volume of hydraulic accumulator on the charging and discharging characteristics is further analyzed by several sets of parameters in Table 1. The pre-charge pressure is set as 7 MPa, 8 MPa, 9 MPa, 10 MPa and 11 MPa respectively. The energy recovered by the accumulator and the cumulative output energy of TCCBS under different pre-charge pressure is in illustrated Table 3. The energy recycling characteristics is illustrated in Fig. 12(a). The system cumulative output energy characteristics under different pre-charge pressures is illustrated in Fig. 12(b). The results show that the recycling energy of hydraulic accumulator increases with the increase of pre-charge pressure. If the pre-charge pressure is too large, the cumulative output energy of the TCCBS is too large due to the hydraulic accumulator exerts a resistance effect in the process of the boom lowering.\nTable 3The energy and the cumulative output energy of TCCBS under different pre-charge pressures\nPre-charge pressure of accumulator (MPa)\nRecovered energy (kJ)\nSystem cumulative output energy (kJ)\nFig. 12Energy characteristics at different pre-charge pressures\na) Energy recovered under different pre-charge pressures\nb) Cumulative output energy under different pre- charge pressures\nThe volume is 65 L, 70 L, 75 L, 80 L, 90 L, and the pre-charge pressure is 10 MPa. Table 4 shows the simulation results of the recovered energy and the cumulative output energy of TCCBS under different volumes. The energy recycling characteristics is shown in Fig. 13(a) and the cumulative output energy characteristics of TCCBS under different volumes is shown in Fig. 13(b). The results present that the recycling energy decreases slightly with the increase of the volume. Due to the limited space for the telescopic handler to install the accumulator, the volume of the hydraulic accumulator is not too large.\nTable 4The energy recovered and the cumulative output energy of TCCBS under different volumes\nVolume of accumulator (L)\nRecovered energy (kJ)\nSystem cumulative output energy (kJ)\nFig. 13Energy characteristics under different volumes\na) Energy recovered under different volumes\nb) Cumulative output energy under different volumes\nIn this paper, a method for potential recycling of the working device on telescopic handler by TCCBS was proposed. Through theoretical analysis and simulation mode of DCCBS and TCCBS in AMESIM environment, the operation characteristics and energy saving characteristics of the two systems were analyzed. In addition, the influence of hydraulic accumulator parameters on energy saving characteristics of TCCBS were analyzed. The main conclusions were as follow:\n1) In the TCCBS, the lifting of the boom can be achieved. Compared with the DCCBS, the single-action operation time of the boom reduced 4.15 s. The peak pressure decreased from 24 MPa to 21 MPa and the average pressure decreased from 17 MPa to 13 MPa during boom lifting process. The boom velocity fluctuation was reduced by 83.3 % at the start of the boom lowering, making the boom lower more smoothly.\n2) Compared with the DCCBS, the TCCBS can achieve the direct recycling of the gravitational potential energy of the working device. The cumulative output energy of the TCCBS was reduced from 403 kJ of the DCCBS to 311 kJ. For one cycle of boom lifting and lowering, the potential energy recycling efficiency of the working device was 47.1 %, and the comprehensive energy saving rate of the TCCBS was 22. 3%.\n3) The setting of hydraulic accumulator parameters has certain influence on the energy efficiency of TCCBS. When the volume was determined, the energy recycling of hydraulic accumulator increased with the increase of pre-charge pressure. However, if the pre-charge pressure was too large, the cumulative output energy of TCCBS would be too large. When the pre-charge pressure was determined, the charging and discharging energy characteristics were less affected by the volume of the hydraulic accumulator.\nThis work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Nos. 51875385, E050202.\nM. Vukovic, R. Leifeld, and H. Murrenhoff, “Reducing fuel consumption in hydraulic excavators-a comprehensive analysis,” Energies, Vol. 10, No. 5, p. 687, May 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/en10050687\nX. Wu et al., “Initial rotor position detection for sensorless interior PMSM with square-wave voltage injection,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 53, No. 11, pp. 1–4, Nov. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2017.2718025\nD. Wang, X. Lin, and Y. Zhang, “Fuzzy logic control for a parallel hybrid hydraulic excavator using genetic algorithm,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 581–587, Aug. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.11.024\nT. Lin, Q. Wang, B. Hu, and W. Gong, “Research on the energy regeneration systems for hybrid hydraulic excavators,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 1016–1026, Dec. 2010, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.08.002\nJ. Gong, D. Zhang, C. Liu, Y. Zhao, P. Hu, and W. Quan, “Optimization of electro-hydraulic energy-savings in mobile machinery,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 98, pp. 132–145, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.08.011\nJ. Gong et al., “Power control strategy and performance evaluation of a novel electro-hydraulic energy-saving system,” Applied Energy, Vol. 233-234, pp. 724–734, Jan. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.066\nT. Lin and Q. Wang, “Hydraulic accumulator-motor-generator energy regeneration system for a hybrid hydraulic excavator,” Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1121–1129, Nov. 2012, https://doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2012.06.1121\nO. Hegazy et al., “Modeling, analysis and feasibility study of new drivetrain architectures for off-highway vehicles,” Energy, Vol. 109, pp. 1056–1074, Aug. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.001\nL. Wang et al., “Energy management strategy development of a forklift with electric lifting device,” Energy, Vol. 128, pp. 435–446, Jun. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.012\nH. Wang, Y. Huang, A. Khajepour, H. He, and D. Cao, “A novel energy management for hybrid off-road vehicles without future driving cycles as a priori,” Energy, Vol. 133, pp. 929–940, Aug. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.172\nL. Ge, L. Quan, X. Zhang, B. Zhao, and J. Yang, “Efficiency improvement and evaluation of electric hydraulic excavator with speed and displacement variable pump,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 150, pp. 62–71, Oct. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.010\nT. Wang and Q. Wang, “Efficiency analysis and evaluation of energy-saving pressure-compensated circuit for hybrid hydraulic excavator,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 47, pp. 62–68, Nov. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.07.012\nH. Kim, S. Yoo, S. Cho, and K. Yi, “Hybrid control algorithm for fuel consumption of a compound hybrid excavator,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 68, pp. 1–10, Aug. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.03.017\nT. Wang, Q. Wang, and T. Lin, “Improvement of boom control performance for hybrid hydraulic excavator with potential energy recovery,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 30, pp. 161–169, Mar. 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.11.034\nX. He and Y. Jiang, “Review of hybrid electric systems for construction machinery,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 92, pp. 286–296, Aug. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.04.005\nY.-B. Kim, P.-Y. Kim, and H. Murrenhoff, “Boom potential energy regeneration scheme for hydraulic excavators,” in BATH/ASME 2016 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control, Sep. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2016-1740\nT. Lin, Q. Chen, H. Ren, W. Huang, Q. Chen, and S. Fu, “Review of boom potential energy regeneration technology for hydraulic construction machinery,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 79, pp. 358–371, Nov. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.131\nJ. Amrhein and U. Neumann, “PRB-Regeneration of potential energy while boom-down,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Fluid Power Conference, pp. 69–72, 2012.\nC. Guan, M. R. Lin, C. Wu, L. Y. Zhang, and H. F. Yang, “Recovery system of boom potential energy in hydraulic hybrid excavators,” (in Chinese), Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 583–589, 2012, https://doi.org/10.13196/j.cims.2012.03.137.guanch.028\nJ. X. Zhu, F. P. Liu, J. L. Zhu, Q. Y. Zhang, and L. W. Chen, “Analysis and experimental study on hydraulic system work efficiency for recovering the potential energy of electric forklift,” (in Chinese), Machine Design and Research, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 101–104, 2011, https://doi.org/10.13952/j.cnki.jofmdr.2011.06.026\nD. X. Zhao, M. D. Chen, Q. L. Dai, E. P. Zhang, and C. B. Xu, “System of arm potential energy recovery in hybrid hydraulic excavators,” (in Chinese), Journal of Jilin University, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 150–154, 2011, https://doi.org/10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb2011.s1.064\nY. Xiao, C. Guan, and X. Lai, “Research on the design and control strategy for a flow-coupling-based hydraulic hybrid excavator,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 228, No. 14, pp. 1675–1687, Dec. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013502326\nW. Shen, J. Jiang, X. Su, and H. Reza Karimi, “Control strategy analysis of the hydraulic hybrid excavator,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 352, No. 2, pp. 541–561, Feb. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2014.04.007\nR. Hippalgaonkar and M. Ivantysynova, “Optimal power management of hydraulic hybrid mobile machines-part II: machine implementation and measurements,” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, Vol. 138, No. 5, pp. 1–12, May 2016, https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4032743\nXingui Liang, “On improving energy utilization in hydraulic booms,” Mechanical Engineering Series, 2002.\nG. Jun et al., “Potential energy recovery method based on alternate recovery and utilization of multiple hydraulic cylinders,” Automation in Construction, Vol. 112, No. 4, p. 103105, Apr. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103105\nL. Xia, “Research on the method of hydraulic-gas energy storage balancing hydraulic excavator boom weight,” (in Chinese), Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 54, No. 20, p. 197, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3901/jme.2018.20.197\nL. Ge, L. Quan, Y. Li, X. Zhang, and J. Yang, “A novel hydraulic excavator boom driving system with high efficiency and potential energy regeneration capability,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 166, No. 6, pp. 308–317, Jun. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.046\nY. Hao, L. Quan, H. Cheng, L. Xia, L. Ge, and B. Zhao, “Potential energy directly conversion and utilization methods used for heavy duty lifting machinery,” Energy, Vol. 155, No. 7, pp. 242–251, Jul. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.05.015\nL. Xia, L. Quan, L. Ge, and Y. Hao, “Energy efficiency analysis of integrated drive and energy recuperation system for hydraulic excavator boom,” Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 156, No. 1, pp. 680–687, Jan. 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.074", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hyco SF4 Speedflow Pressure Reducing Valve & Expansion Vessel Kit\nThis branch today\nNot available for click and collect\nAn expansion vessel, check valve and pressure reducing valve kit for Speedflow installations where the pressure is above 4.2 bar, and hot water expansion cannot be accommodated in the pipework.\nTo be used in conjunction with Hyco Speedflow unvented water heaters\n2 litre expansion vessel set at 3.5 bar with pressure reducing valve\nComes with one way check valve\nRequired when pressure is above 4.2 bar and hot water expansion cannot be accommodated in the pipework\nWeight of Expansion vessel 1.0 kg, Check valve 0.1 kg, Pressure reducing valve 0.3kg\nHeight of Expansion Vessel 225 mm, Check valve 65 mm, Pressure reducing valve 73 mm\nOn cold water inlet line\nPre Charge Bar Rating\nMade To Order\nManufacturer Model No\nUnvented Water Heater Accessories\nThank you for signing up.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "All over history, people used this kind of energy to perform activities such as grinding, or forging, or treating linen before spinning.\nEverybody knows that our rivers and streams are full of small mills, most of them are in ruins, and these facilities are the reflection of the sustainable use of the riverbeds.\nNowadays the energy of the rivers, is divided into:\nSmall-scale hydroelectric: They are the small power plants that do not imply big interactions with the riverbeds.\nLarge-scale hydroelectric: Power plants that always build a big dam in the riverbed.\nHydraulic energy is the one produced by the fall of water from a certain height to a lower level or the one produced by the movement of hydraulic wheels or turbines.\nHydro power is a natural resource available in those areas with enough levels of water. It requires reservoir and dam building, and by-pass passages.\nThis implies a huge economic investment, therefore it wouldn’t be competitive in those areas where oil or coal are cheap, even tough the maintenance cost of a steam power plant, due to fuel, is more expensive than the one of a hydroelectric power plant.\nThe power obtained trough hydraulic resources depends on the volume of water that flows per time unit and on the head. A hydroelectric plant consists of a set of facilities that will transform the kinetic and potential energy of water into useful energy, such as electricity. This transformation is made trough the action of water on a hydraulic turbine, that provides rotatory movement to an electric generator.\nHow does a hydroelectric power plant work?\nThe Hydroelectric plants depend on a huge reservoir restrained by a dam. The flow of water can be controlled and kept continuous. Water is transported through channels controlled by valves and turbines to adapt the flow of water according to power demands. The water that gets into the turbine gets out by tail races. The generators are situated just over the turbines and they are connected trough vertical trees. The design of the turbines depends on the flow of water: Francis and Kaplan turbines are used for big flows and medium and low head sites and Pelton turbines are used for big high head sites and small flows.\nHydraulic turbines are used to use the energy of flowing water. Kaplan turbine is similar to a ship’s propeller. The wide blades of the turbine are propelled by high pressure water coming from a lock gate. Pelton turbine is a XIXth century model and its structure is more similar to that of a traditional water mill. The wheel turns when the channelled water presses its spoon-shaped buckets or blades.\nIn order to create a water head it is necessary to raise the superficial level of water over the normal level of the flow. This is done by creating a dam, so that a head is created to be used at the reservoir or it can be done by channelling water through a by-pass passage with less pitch than the riverbed. The water at the by-pass passage must be conducted to the turbines and in order to do that, in heads lower than 12 m water flows directly at the turbine room, and in heads higher than 12m water flow ends into a stretched channel named pressure chamber. After, pressured channelled water flow will bring water to the turbines trough penstock. Water flows under high pressures through the pipeline and it propels the blades, that spins an axe and the generator. At the exit of the turbine room , water is driven trough an outlet channel back into the river.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Turbine - High Power|\nThe Cla-Val Model e-Power HP is a water driven power generation and storage system designed to power electrical devices inside a standard water system chamber.Typical applications\nPowering remote telemetry units, Monitoring equipment, Sump-Pumps & pressure management devices.\n|Power:100-240 Watts at 2 -4 bar differential / Flow: 1.5 –2 l/s |\nEnvironmental protection: IP44", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Between July 2003 and Oct. 2004, Flowserve will provide 16 vertical turbine pumps valued at $16 million.\nBig Job ... Flowserve Pump Division\nOctober 31, 2002\nFlowserve Pump Division said it has been selected by the Southern Nevada Water Authority to supply source water pumps for its Lake Mead Intake No. 2 project.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Gear Pump Design: This pump operates on the principle of positive displacement through the meshing of gears.\nIt typically consists of two or more interlocking gears that rotate to create a continuous flow of hydraulic fluid.\nDurable Construction: The pump is constructed from high-quality materials to ensure longevity and resistance to wear and tear. This durability is essential in demanding industrial environments.\nCompact Size: Its compact design allows for easy installation in various hydraulic systems, making it versatile for different applications.\nHigh Pressure Capability: The 5C2 26511RAR is designed to handle high-pressure applications, making it suitable for heavy-duty industrial machinery.\nPrecise Flow Control: This hydraulic gear pump provides precise control over the flow rate of hydraulic fluid, allowing for efficient operation of hydraulic systems.\nThe 5C2 26511RAR hydraulic gear pump typically consists of the following components:\nHousing: The outer casing that houses all internal components, providing structural integrity.\nGears: The heart of the pump, these gears mesh together and rotate to create the pumping action. In this model, the gears are designed for optimal hydraulic fluid displacement.\nInlet and Outlet Ports: These ports allow hydraulic fluid to enter and exit the pump. The design of these ports is crucial to maintaining a continuous flow.\nShaft: The shaft connects to a power source, such as an electric motor or an engine, and transmits rotational energy to the gears.\nSeals and Bearings: Seals prevent hydraulic fluid from leaking, and bearings support the gears, ensuring smooth rotation.\nThe operation of the 5C2 26511RAR hydraulic gear pump follows these fundamental principles:\nInlet Phase: As the gears rotate, hydraulic fluid is drawn into the pump through the inlet port due to the expanding space between the gear teeth.\nCompression Phase: The meshing gears then reduce the volume of the hydraulic fluid, increasing its pressure. This pressurized fluid is pushed towards the outlet port.\nOutlet Phase: Finally, the hydraulic fluid exits the pump through the outlet port, ready to power various hydraulic components or systems.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Steam Power Today\nSteam power accounts for about 80% of the electricity generated in the world today.\nMost steam power generators today are one of two types: fossil fuel power plants, or nuclear power plants. Less often seen, but growing in popularity today are concentrated solar power systems (CSP) which use the sun’s heat to heat water into steam.\nSteam turbines today can also be used to power large centrifugal pumps, which could be used to pump water through a hydro turbine generator.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In concrete or dry mortar, we know that sand is essential. 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concrete into a cylinder from a hopper while the other one simultaneously pushes its concrete yhzs60 mobile concrete batching plant\nHydraulic Wheel Drive Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant\nconcrete mixer plant trailer small cement pump ready mix concrete mixer plant hydraulic pump china jzc350 mini mixing plant manufacturers/mobile\nBoom Pumps | Putzmeister Concrete Placing Equipment\nputzmeister boom pumps help cool fukushima daiichi plant putzmeister plant mounted concrete boom pumps are a 70z meter semi trailer mounted concrete boom pump.\nChina Block Machine , Concrete Mixing Plant , Concrete\na industry machinery co., ltd. professional block machine , concrete mixing plant , concrete batching plant supplier from china.\nProcessing Machinery Diesel Concrete Mixing Plant Pump\nlow fault of concrete batching machinery from factory. concrete pumps, concrete mixer, concrete mixing plant, mixing manufacturing & processing machinery concrete mixing machine for sale 6m3 diesel . manufacturing machinery mobile concrete mixing plant concrete pump c5 c5 diesel construction machinery drum concrete mixingconcrete mixing plant manufacturer . xiemei c5 diesel concrete mixer pump\nChinese Products Js750 Concrete Plant Trailer For Sale\nbelt concrete batching plant; motor concrete trailer pump; concrete boom pump; products; hot sale js750 concrete mixer factory; products. js750 twin shaft concrete mixer equipment. mixer products in best price from certified chinese js750 concrete mixer rmc plant for sale .. plant trailer; mobile concrete batching plant. hot sale js750 cement ready concrete. mixer for plant\nHigh Efficiency Trailer Cement Mixer Plant Edstudio.in\nconcrete trailer pump concrte boom pump; 25 75cbm concrete batching plant portable concrete mixer,twin shaft concrete mixer .. high efficiency js500 cheap get quotes china factory price high efficiency belt\nUsed Concrete For Sale | Auto Trader Plant\nsearch for used concrete for sale on auto trader, concrete pumps 2009 17m gomaco c450 spanit works bridge and concrete finishing plant.\nLine Pump | Concrete Line Pump For Sale | A Group\na concrete line pump is designed for various applications with high durability and pumping efficiency. the line pump is economical, flexible and eco friendly.\nFocus | Concrete Batching Plant,concrete Mixing Plant\nconcrete mixer and concrete pump delivering to guinea post time 2018 04 19. js750 twin shaft concrete mixer with 2.5m discharge height, hbts40 13.45 trailer concrete pump, those two machines are perfect combination for a small building project.\nChina Concrete Mixing Canister Manufacturer, Concrete\nsupply various concrete mixer, concrete mixing plant, concrete pump, trailer concrete pump, hot products china products chinese manufacturers/suppliers\nConcrete Boom Pump Of 37m/39m Trailer Concrete Pump\na machinery concrete pump adopting double pump double circuit open type hydraulic system technology well realizes the mutually independent of the main\nOur Thailand Clients Came To Our Factory To Inspect\nhzs concrete mixing plant to our factory to inspect the diesel concrete trailer pump. the thailand clients came to our factory to inspect the diesel engine\nConcrete Mixing Plant, Concrete Mixer, Dry Mortar Plant\nxinxing machinery brings you the best quality, safe and durable concrete mixing plant, concrete mixer, dry mortar mixer, concrete placing boom, concrete pump plant from its professional factory.\nTrailer Concrete Pumps | Haomei Concrete Pump\nwhen looking for concrete pumps for the price of concrete pump plant is higher than that of trailer concrete pump .. china manufacturers; concrete batch plants;\nHydraulic Hopper Concrete Mixer Plant Pump For Project\nfind details about china trailer concrete pump, concrete pump from drum trailer concrete mixer pump with concrete machinery china concrete mixer, concrete batching plant, from china concrete machinery concrete mixer pump with hydraulic plant construction tools for small project china concrete plant equipment pld1200 china concrete plant equipment pld1200 for sale, concrete plant, concrete\nChina Construction Machinery Manufacturer\na is earlier concrete equipment manufacturer in china, since 1982, a is located in a, a heavy industry city in china long time in the field of manufacturing concrete batching plant, concrete pump, concrete mixer, asphalt plant, dry mortar mixing plant and other concrete equipment and machines and\nStationary Trailer Cement Concrete Mixer Plant Price\nputzmeister concrete pumps gmbh stationary pmw.detruck mixer concrete pumps; pre cast plant concrete distribution. spare parts & accessories. technology . used machines . stationary concrete pumps from buy trailer concrete mixer high quality manufacturers trailer concrete mixer trade offers 2 axle concrete mixer semi trailer. port any port in china\nMobile Concrete Plant Manufacturers In Liechtenstein\nchina trailer concrete plant manufacturers. china trailer concrete plant with high quality, leading trailer concrete plant manufacturers & suppliers, find trailer concrete plant factory & exporters.\nSchwing Stetter (uk) Ltd | Concrete Pump, Batching Plant\nleading uk concrete pump, batching plant, plant mixer and concrete recycler manufacturer and distributor. providing concrete construction equipment and\nWhy Does The Concrete Pump Price Be Different |\nwhy does the concrete pump price be different. when looking for concrete pumps for sale on the market, you may find that the concrete pump price are different, sometimes it has huge disparity. especially, the price of concrete pump plant is higher than that of trailer concrete pump.if we want to know the reasons why their price are different,\nTrailer Concrete Pump Perfect Pumping Machine With\naimix group, as one of the professional trailer concrete pump manufacturers and concrete pump suppliers in china, has accumulated more\nTop Concrete Mixer Manufacturer A Machinery\nconcrete trailer pump; china concrete mixers a machinery .. manufacture and marketing of our superior concrete batching plant, concrete mixer,\nHigh Reputation 180 Concrete Batching Plant From China Factory\nwanshilegroup is a china concrete pumps manufacturers and placing booms suppliers trailer concrete pump; batching plant; high reputation. factory production of hzs60 hot sale concrete batching. hot sales. 25 180 m3/h concrete batching plant made in china. concrete batching plant, 50m3/h high factory of china concrete batching plant . large capacity hzs180 concrete mixing plant from factory\nA Dasion Machinery Co.,ltd. Concrete Mixer, Concrete\ndasion 35m3/hr concrete batching plant consists of material batching, mixing and electric control system, etc. concrete batching plant is widely used in small and medium construction products, road, bridge project, and concrete prefabrication factory.\nChina Manufacturer Mobile Concrete Mixer Plant With Pump\njaneoo is china concrete plant manufacturer better jzc gasoline cement mixer mobile concrete pump plant china hot sale new design china concrete mixer plant auto self feeding mixer plant, trailer china auto self feeding mixer plant, trailer mobile batching plant, concrete boom pump plant, offered by china manufacturer & supplier qingdao", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Solenoid Poppet Valves are extremely versatile. They can be used in various systems and are flexible in their mounting capabilities. Typical usage includes the control of actuators in a hydraulic system, decompression of hydraulic fluid in heavy cylinders, On-Off systems, Pilot Valves, etc\nN.O. De-energised or N.C. Energised: 2 to 1 – full flow, pressure difference through the pilot orifice holds the main poppet open. 1 to 2 – restricted flow, main poppet seated due to pressure differential. N.O. Energised or N.C. De-energised: No flow, pilot orifice closed, main poppet seated due to pressure differential. 1 to 2 – full flow when the solenoid force is overcome.\n• High flow capacity with reduced space • No dynamic seals • Standard valve bodies and cavities • One piece encapsulated coil with minimal amperage draw • Oil immersed armature solenoid • Manual override and seal variations available • Sealed coil arrangement to protect stem from corrosion", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Using a relief valve in conjunction with a piston pump is crucial for maintaining system safety and preventing damage. Let’s delve into the reasons why incorporating a relief valve with a piston pump is essential and explore the role it plays in ensuring optimal operation.\nFirstly, a relief valve serves as a pressure-limiting device in a hydraulic system. As a piston pump generates hydraulic pressure to drive various components and perform work, there is always a risk of pressure exceeding safe levels due to system malfunctions, blockages, or excessive load demands. The relief valve acts as a safeguard by diverting excess pressure and allowing it to bypass back to the reservoir or another low-pressure area.\nBy diverting excessive pressure, the relief valve protects the entire hydraulic system from potential damage. Components such as hoses, pipes, seals, and valves are designed to withstand specific pressure limits. If the pressure surpasses these limits, it can lead to leakage, seal failure, or even catastrophic failure. The relief valve prevents such situations by relieving the excess pressure, thus preserving the integrity and longevity of the system.\nFurthermore, the relief valve ensures system safety by preventing overloading of the piston pump itself. Piston pumps have a maximum pressure rating beyond which their internal components can be subjected to excessive stress. In the absence of a relief valve, a sudden increase in system pressure could cause the pump to operate beyond its safe limits, resulting in damage to the pump’s pistons, valves, or cylinder block. The relief valve helps maintain the pump’s operating pressure within a safe range, safeguarding its performance and prolonging its lifespan.\nMoreover, the relief valve aids in maintaining system stability and responsiveness. When pressure exceeds the set limit, the relief valve opens, diverting excess flow away from the working components. This action prevents a sudden drop in system pressure, which can negatively impact the performance of actuators, such as cylinders or motors. By stabilizing the pressure, the relief valve ensures consistent and controlled operation of the hydraulic system.\nIn summary, using a relief valve with a piston pump is vital for maintaining system safety, preventing damage, and optimizing performance. The relief valve acts as a pressure-limiting device, safeguarding the hydraulic system and its components from excessive pressure. By diverting excess flow, it protects against potential damage and overloading of the piston pump. Additionally, the relief valve helps maintain system stability and responsiveness, ensuring reliable operation. Integrating a relief valve with a piston pump is a crucial aspect of hydraulic system design to ensure safe and efficient performance.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tue19Mar20194:00 pmLewis Hall 101\nColloquium: Three Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Temperature Distribution in a High Dam Reservoir with the Effect of Channel Curvature on Mekong River\nNational Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering\nUniversity of Mississippi\nThree Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Temperature Distribution in a High Dam Reservoir with the Effect of Channel Curvature on Mekong River\nA three dimensional numerical model has been developed to simulate the flow circulation as well as temperature distribution in a high dam reservoir with the effect of channel curvature. In the model, the density induced buoyant force on the turbulent flow is considered. This “buoyancy-extended version of k-ε model” is used for turbulence closure, and the flow velocity and temperature distribution are simulated simultaneously. The model was first validated using a laboratory case of turbulent buoyant flow in a curved open channel. The secondary flow circulation in the curved channel was simulated and the temperature distribution in the channel was validated using experimental data. The model was then applied to simulate the flow and temperature distribution in Xiaowan Reservoir, a high dam reservoir on Mekong River, with deep water depth and curvature affect. The numerical results are generally in good agreement with field observations. The thermal stratification, temperature distribution in the reservoir and the effect of channel curvature on the temperature distribution are discussed.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Stevie May August 13, 2019 Flowcharts\nFlowcharts provide a bird's-eye view of the structure and sequence of a lesson. Elements are represented by simple icons (circles, rectangles, diamonds, or other shapes), with lines and arrows representing connections between events and the direction or order in which they occur.Flowchart helps to anticipate a problem, analyze the problem, plan the solution, and solve the problem.\nTo begin creating your flowchart in Google Docs, you start by creating a new Google Docs document and then selecting the Insert menu. From the menu, select Drawing to gain access to a window that contains a variety of tools you can use to generate shapes that you can rapidly incorporate into your drawing as needed.\nStart event symbol signals the first step of a process. Process is a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end. Decision is the action or process of deciding something or of resolving a question. End event symbol stands for the result of a process.\nTag Cloudsteel pipe gpm flow chart pipe diameter flow rate chart pipe flow rate chart metric pipe diameter flow rate chart l/s gpm flow chart pipe size pipe sizing flow rate chart system flowchart pipe diameter flow rate chart metric pipe size vs flow rate chart pdf pipe flow rate chart pipe diameter water flow rate chart water flow rate vs pipe size chart open source flowchart software pipe diameter air flow rate chart pipe flow gpm chart pipe size vs flow rate chart metric copper pipe water flow rate chart pipe diameter flow rate chart pdf pvc pipe flow chart gpm pipe flow rate chart uk pvc pipe gravity flow rate chart copper pipe flow rate chart steel pipe flow rate chart flowchart software microsoft copper pipe flow chart gpm copper pipe size flow rate chart pipe flow rate chart pvc water pipe diameter flow rate chart metric pipe diameter vs flow rate chart gravity pipe flow chart gpm water pipe flow rate chart pipe flow rate chart pdf pvc pipe diameter flow rate chart pipe diameter flow rate chart cfs", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reservoir Operational Models\nInitially, a reservoir operational model had to be developed to demonstrate purpose and need related to obtaining a Section 404 Permit for the reservoir. Subsequently, after the reservoir had been permitted and built, LWS has conducted numerous operational studies to evaluate the most efficient use of reservoir storage, given the District’s diverse water rights portfolio, including both current Cherry Creek and Newlin Gulch surface water supplies as well as alluvial aquifer water, and Denver Basin aquifer water. LWS has also conducted operational studies to evaluate a projected trans-basin diversion from its Logan County Farms.\nFort Knox Water Supply Reservoir:\nThe Fort Knox Gold Project proposed to process approximate 35,000 tons per day of ore material and needed a large water supply for the mill. LWS personnel developed a reservoir operational model to assess the water supply availability on Solo and Last Chance Creeks relative to building a water supply dam and reservoir downstream of the confluence of the two creeks. Complicating factors in the reservoir operational model were the extreme cold conditions in north-central Alaska (north of Fairbanks), which results in several feet of ice on a reservoir over an approximate 9-month period, and the presence of permafrost on the north-facing slopes which were expected to thaw once the reservoir filled. The results of the reservoir operational study indicated a sufficient water supply could be provided for the mill, even with the complicating factors and the reservoir was built and has been providing a water supply to the mill.\nOrlando and Cucharas Reservoirs:\nOrlando Reservoir is an off-stream reservoir located on the Huerfano River, while the Cucharas Reservoir is an on-stream reservoir on the Cucharas River. Both reservoirs are currently adjudicated for irrigation use and reservoir operational model studies have been conducted to assess the future yields from these reservoirs, both for continued irrigation use and for potentially adjudicating a change of use in Water Court. The results of the reservoir operational model studies have helped guide the client with decisions regarding future use of the reservoirs.\nTimnath Landing Augmentation Pond:\nA residential and commercial development is proposed in Timnath, Colorado and the property is adjacent to the Poudre River and overlies an ancient buried channel of Box Elder Creek. Because of the local geology, a permanent dewatering system had to be designed to allow the residential and commercial development on the property. Water from the Lake Canal is to be used for augmentation of depletions associated with the dewatering operation. A reservoir operational model was conducted to evaluate the on-site storage capacity that would be necessary to manage the changed Lake Canal share water to provide a reliable augmentation supply. The results of the reservoir operational model have assisted the client with evaluating its options relative to the source of its overall augmentation supply.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Site C Clean Energy Project General Hydraulic Features\nDecember 10, 2020\nThis paper outlines the general hydraulic characteristics of the flow conveyance systems of the Site C Clean Energy Project. The Site C Clean Energy Project is an 1,100 MW hydroelectric generating station with a 60 m high earthfill dam on the Peace River near Fort St. John, BC, Canada. The project spillway and power intakes are fed by a large approach channel on the right (south) abutment. There are six power intakes each with coarse trashracks and antivortex devices. The powerhouse has six units each with a 10.2 m diameter 90 m long penstock. The spillway has a two-stage stilling basin arrangement with three 16.5 m wide surface radial gates, six 6.5 m wide vertical lift low level gates and a 137 m long free crest spillway. The spillway has a central dividing wall and jet deflectors to mitigate Total Dissolved Gas (TDG). The project has two fully submerged diversion tunnels each 10.8 m in diameter located within the left (north) abutment. One of the tunnels will continue to be used after diversion for releasing minimum downstream flows during reservoir filling. This tunnel will be outfitted with orifices just prior to reservoir filling to increase energy dissipation and reduce tunnel capacity in order to safely discharge minimum required flows while the reservoir rises.\nCroockewit, J., J. Bruce, F. Yusuf, J. Nunn and A. Watson. 2017. “Site C Clean Energy Project General Hydraulic Features,” in CDA 2017 Annual Conference, October 16-18, 2017, Kelowna, BC, Canada.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic Control Valve for Fire SuppressionEngineering360 News Desk | December 22, 2016\nVictaulic launched the Series 800Y Hydraulic Control Valve Family, the latest of the 800-series hydraulic control valves for fire protection applications.\nThe company says the valve will fill the need for constant, controlled pressure in fire suppression systems. A Y-pattern globe valve body has optimized flow technology, reducing friction loss, the company says. Its design increases flow capacity by up to 40%.\nThe company says the Series 800Y valve body is intended for high-rise and high-demand buildings and has proven to be a more durable, user-friendly option for commercial applications.\nThe valve's rolling elastomeric diaphragm automatically adjusts to throttle flow to a concentrated area. The company says this enables the system to stay operational during low flows, which minimizes the pulsing of water flow. The reduction in water hammer improves valve operating life and minimizes noise.\nA four-bolt cover plate allows for removal without detaching the control trim. The company says this streamlines what would otherwise be a more time-intensive maintenance process. It says these elements minimize service downtime to five minutes and eliminate the potential for contamination or damage of internal components.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What people are saying - Write a review\nWe haven't found any reviews in the usual places.\nOCEAN SPACE UTILIZATION\n68 other sections not shown\nOther editions - View all\nanalysis applied approach ASME beach blade body bottom boundary breaking breakwater calculated coefficient compared comparison computed connection considered Copyright density depth developed device direction displacement distribution effect efficiency element energy Engineering equation estimated experimental experiments factor Figure floating flow fluid force foundation frequency function given increase installed International length limit linear load maximum mean measured Mechanics method motion natural nonlinear observed obtained Ocean offshore offshore wind operation parameters performance period pile pipe pipeline position potential predicted present pressure problem ratio reference relative reported Research respectively response rotor scale scour selected shown shows significant simulation soil solution speed standard stress structure surface Table Technology tidal unit University velocity vertical wave wave height wind turbine", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "National Drought Mitigation Center\nUtah Division of Water Resources: Drought Conditions\nInformation on state-wide water supply, precipitation, reservoir storage and more.\nUtah Department of Water Resources\nThe National Drought Mitigation Center | 3310 Holdrege Street | P.O. Box 830988 | Lincoln, NE 68583–0988\nphone: (402) 472–6707 | fax: (402) 472–2946 | Contact Us", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We offer the following services: public water supply and sewerage system development plans; designs for construction/reconstruction of public water supply and sewerage system external networks; water management feasibility assessments; examination of projects etc.\nDesigning of water supply and sewerage system includes the following services:\nTime of completion of the basic project: 2014View all\nLäänemaa water management project. Compilation of funding application for Cohesion Fund for the town of Haapsalu, Ridala, Taebla, Noarootsi and Oru Municipalities. Taebla small town.View all", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "http://www.sparepartsforhomeappliances.com/spare-parts-for-dishwasher/ Part name:\nWater solenoid valve\nServo-assisted solenoid valves\nServo-assisted solenoid valves for water. These valves are typically used on household appliances connected to the hydraulic network. A flow regulator, capable of keeping under control the value of the water flow rate as a function of inlet pressure, is integrated to the valve.\n● Approvals: European standard EN 60730-1, EN 60730-2-8. On request UL/CSA\n● Potable water approvals: WRAS. On request NSF, FDA\n● This product meet the requirement of the European Directive 2002/95/CE on RoHS\n● Fast installation bracket. (Integrated with bracket.)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Typical countermeasures against subsequent sediment flow following debris deposition include channel works and sand pockets ; however, these measures require extensive open areas. Therefore, alternative countermeasure designs must be considered for residential areas with high population density. The objective of this study was to propose a novel method for capturing subsequent sediment flow following debris deposition at a sabo dam. We installed three types of debris capture devices (subsequent sediment flow breaker, water-absorbing polymer, and sub-dam) to investigate their effects singly and in combination. Subsequent sediment flow characteristics were evaluated in flume experiments using models of the three capture devices. Simulated debris flow was trapped by the sabo dam model, and subsequent sediment flow was controlled by the three countermeasures installed downstream of the dam. Sediment was separated from water using the subsequent sediment flow breaker and then trapped by the sub-dam, and water was absorbed by the polymer. We measured 1) the volume of sediment collected by the breaker, 2) time elapsed from the sabo dam to the end of the flume, 3) peak discharge, and 4) concentration of the subsequent sediment flow. Sediment volume decreased and elapsed time increased as the sediment flowed through the experimental countermeasure structures, leading to dramatic reductions in peak discharge and sediment concentration downstream of the sabo dam.\nA new plane grid-type dam has been recently developed to entrap debris flows including driftwoods. A new\nplane grid-type dam supported by sleeve pipes is proposed by connecting with concrete buttresses. The\nadvantages of this dam are rapid construction, low maintenance costs and enhanced stability. However, the\nload-carrying capacity of this dam has not been clarified yet so far. To this end, the load-carrying capacity of\na steel pipe beam supported by sleeve pipes is first investigated experimentally. Second, the FEM analysis is\nperformed to estimate the load performance which was not measured by the test. Finally, a new design\nexpression is proposed to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of a steel pipe beam mounted in sleeve pipes.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plunger pump efficiency\nEfficiency is now pursued by many manufacturers. After the work efficiency has been improved, the production capacity of the enterprise will certainly be improved, and the development of the enterprise will be better and better. Under normal circumstances, the efficiency of the enterprise is also related to the equipment of the enterprise. Take the axial piston pump. The axial piston pump you use is inefficient, so the production speed will naturally not go up. Face this What kind of situation should we solve?\nThe actual effective use of axial piston pump engineering machinery is only 5% to 7%. There are many factors affecting the efficiency of the axial piston pump system, mainly the energy loss generated by the operation of hydraulic components.\nExtensive research has been carried out around improving the efficiency of hydraulic components, reducing the throttling losses of piping and liquid valves, optimizing system design and matching, and using measures to improve the efficiency of axial piston pump systems. For example, in the construction machinery, the throttle valve, directional control valve and balancing valve that cause pressure loss in the hydrostatic drive circuit are ideal, but it is an ideal energy-saving system, but only for the closed circuit of the hydraulic motor. System; in open circuit, constant power control variable pump; load sensing technology and proportional control pump; hydraulic source split-flow technology; pressure control technology; energy recovery technology; secondary regulation technology; electronic matching energy-saving technology, etc. .\nThrough the above methods, we can effectively improve the working efficiency of the axial piston pump, but the efficiency of the axial piston pump has not reached the limit, we can continue to research and develop in the future.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Engineering hydraulic oil cylinder, the hydraulic oil cylinder is a variety in detail, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is relatively empty see penetration and often use a, so it is necessary to be familiar with …\nCylinder: the commonly used materials are seamless steel tubes of no. 20, 35 and 45. After honing or rolling, the steel tubes reach the roughness requirements within 0.4 cm. Low pressure cylinder can be used wi…\nHydraulic cylinder stroke is the difference between the maximum total length of the hydraulic cylinder when ejecting and the minimum total length when retracting.The stroke of the cylinder shall be the stroke o…\nThe operation principle of the lift platform is formed by hydraulic oil by the vane pump, a certain pressure, the oil filter, flameproof electromagnetic directional valve, throttle valve, hydraulic control one-…\nLeave a message to get the products you need, we will reply to you as soon as possible!\nPlease fill in the information carefully and we will contact you within 24 hours\nNo. 87, houxu village, renge village, Xuejia Town, Xinbei District, Changzhou City\nScan and consult immediately", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We produce excellent quality of portable Municipal diesel hydraulic power unit manufacturer products, timely delivery of goods, and competitive prices are the keys to establish and maintain the long term business relationships with our customers in a mutual beneficial way. Sincerely welcome every customer to visit our factory.\nOur company is a professional manufacturer of wholesale light weight Defence 3 phase hydraulic power unit in China. We have been the leading supplier and manufacturer portable concrete cutting Power Pack Hydraulic manufacturer in China thanks to our excellent quality and after-sales services.\nWe are a company involved in wholesale low noise Municipal electric hydraulic power pack marketing, independent research, and development. We offer OEM, Agent procurement, and quality inspection. Over the years, our company has worked with many domestic factories, funded them for many years, and created numerous top-quality products for global marketing. Our concept is \"innovation, responsibility and excellence\". Friends from around the globe are welcome to join us.\nWe are the top manufacturer, trader, or exporter of this range. The offered products are highly regarded for their distinctive features due to this dedication to quality.\nWe have managed to attain a reputed stature in the market and have managed to get a wide customer base for ourselves in this market.If you are interested in easy to use Dewatering ac hydraulic power unit manufacturer ,please contact us.\nOur firm was established in 2010 which is involved in exporting, Supplying, Manufacturing and Trading a wide range of compact Fire services electric hydraulic power pack company ,and our firm is recognised well in the market for our mesmerising range and use of modern technologies for creating innovative products to meet the requisite needs of the clients.\nOver 10 years' experience manufacturer focus on compact Renovation diesel hydraulic power unit manufacturer we get We are highly respected by customers at home as well as abroad for our high-quality wholesale demolition 8 inch stainless steel submersible pump , please contact us freely. Looking forward to our cooperation!\nThe company is one of the leading manufacturers of convenient Construction hydraulic power unit diesel company Solution. Since many years, we have been involved in wholesale efficient Renovation 3 phase hydraulic power unit research. Get more information about our service and product by contacting us today.\n|low noise Defence gas powered hydraulic power pack supplier||wholesale easy to use Municipal hydraulic power unit diesel|\n|powerful Defence portable hydraulic power pack manufacturer||easy to load Municipal compact hydraulic power pack company|\n|light weight Municipal diesel hydraulic power unit supplier||wholesale small portable Renovation ac hydraulic power unit|\n|wholesale easy to use demolition gas powered hydraulic pump||efficient Fire services hydraulic power system manufacturer|\n|concrete cutting 2 inch Hydraulic powered water pump company||efficient Municipal gas powered hydraulic pump manufacturer|\n|Municipal 4 inch submersible pump to drain pool manufacturer||small portable Renovation hydraulic porta pack manufacturer|\n|easy to use demolition diesel hydraulic power unit supplier||Construction 3 inch Hydraulic submersible water pump company|\n|concrete cutting 4 inch small submersible water pump company||Defence 2 inch Hydraulic submersible water pump manufacturer|\n|light weight Renovation diesel hydraulic power unit company||Fire services 2 inch Hydraulic submersible pump manufacturer|\n|wholesale Construction 3 inch submersible pump to drain pool||easy to load demolition petrol hydraulic power unit company|\nwholesale efficient Renovation 3 phase hydraulic power unit, wholesale easy to use Defence gasoline hydraulic power unit, convenient Construction diesel hydraulic power unit company, low noise Municipal gas powered hydraulic pump manufacturer, concrete chainsaw chain for firefighting and rescue company, wholesale powerful Construction diesel hydraulic power unit, portable Municipal hydraulic power unit diesel manufacturer, small portable Defence ac hydraulic power unit manufacturer, light weight demolition hydraulic power pack system company, portable Construction electric hydraulic power pack company,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The suction inlet of the turbine EH oil main oil pump is where the oil pump absorbs EH oil. It is usually located below the oil pump or on the low-pressure side of the oil system. In this position, the oil pump draws EH oil from the oil system through its suction port, and then compresses and pushes it to the higher pressure side of the oil system to supply to various control systems of the steam turbine.\nThe filter element DS103EA100V/-W is a filter installed at the suction port of the oil pump. It is used to prevent impurities in the oil from entering the oil pump and protect the internal components of the oil pump from wear. It can filter out metal shavings, dust, fibers, sludge and other suspended particles in the oil.\nBecause the steam turbine uses special EH oil, the filter element DS103EA100V/-W has some characteristics that are different from ordinary filter elements:\n- 1. Chemical stability: Steam turbine EH oil may be affected by high temperature, high pressure and chemical pollution. Therefore, the filter element DS103EA100V/-W used in EH oil systems must be made of materials that are resistant to the chemical properties of the oil to prevent degradation of the filter element itself.\n- 2. Anti-fatigue performance: Since the oil in the turbine oil system may exert pressure on the filter element during circulation, the filter element DS103EA100V/-W must have good fatigue resistance performance to withstand long-term use without damage.\n- 3. Anti-emulsification and anti-foaming properties: Turbine oil may produce foam or emulsification under high temperature and pressure. The filter element DS103EA100V/-W needs to have good anti-emulsification and anti-foaming properties to ensure the stability of the oil.\n- 4. Compatibility: The material of the filter element DS103EA100V/-W needs to be compatible with the oil of the turbine oil system to prevent filter element performance degradation or system failure caused by chemical reactions.\n- 5. Temperature resistance: The steam turbine will generate high temperatures during operation, so the filter element DS103EA100V/-W must be able to withstand high temperature environments without losing filtration efficiency due to temperature changes.\nIn summary, as a filter element that uses steam turbine EH oil as the working medium, the filter element DS103EA100V/-W has its own special features in terms of material selection, filtration performance, durability, anti-foam and emulsification performance, structural design, and ease of maintenance. These are all to ensure that the steam turbine can operate efficiently, safely and stably.\nThere are other different filter elements used in power plants as below. Contact Yoyik for more types and details.\ngas turbine actuator filter DP116EA10V/-W\nFilter element QF9732E25HPTC-DQ\noil-return filter HL151E2\nFILTER ELEMENT FAX 400*10\ncellulose filter ZD.04.003\nfilter element 21FC1421(160*800/6)\nion-exchange resin filter DRF-8001SA\nion-exchange resin filter DL600508\nFILTER ELEMENT LX-HXR25X20\nOil filter element 1300R003ON\nactuator inlet working filter AP3E302-01D10V/-W\nPost time: Feb-28-2024", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydrology and hydraulic study is a comprehensive analysis of water systems and their interactions with the environment. Our team of expert engineers at LIN Consulting, Inc. specializes in conducting hydrology and hydraulic studies to help businesses and organizations better understand water systems, identify potential risks, and determine flood zones.\nOur hydrology services include tracking and analyzing precipitation and runoff, examining the flow of rivers and streams, and estimating the impact of potential land-use changes on water systems. Our hydraulic services use simulations to analyze water flow and pressure, identify potential blockages, and determine the best ways to manage water flow.\nAt LIN Consulting, Inc., we use advanced technologies and modeling techniques to deliver accurate results efficiently. Our team of experts performs extensive fieldwork and laboratory studies to get a better understanding of the environmental impact of the water system. We also provide customized solutions for each client.\nOur services include feasibility analysis of the design, alternatives to reduce environmental impact, site improvement designs, permit aggregation, construction designing, public participation processes, and risk management to enhance the success of projects.\nLIN Consulting, Inc. can help businesses and organizations to design, build, and manage water systems effectively. Our approach provides a complete understanding of the hydrology and hydraulic structures and delivers innovative solutions to complex water management problems.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "hydraulic fual tank for power pack\n- [email protected]\n- Online Chating\nThe company covers an area of 15,000 square meters and the plant construction area is 10,000 square meters. We have introduced more than 50 sets of advanced hydraulic fual tank for power pack production equipment, auxiliary equipment and testing equipment at home and abroad, more than 260 employees, more than 20 middle and senior management staff, more than 10 professional and technical personnel, annual production capacity of 100,000 tons. Main products: flat steel, hydraulic fual tank for power pack steel pipe, steel plate, section steel, steel structure processing parts, etc. We also accept incoming materials and annealing processing.\nMar 25, 2021 · hydraulic power pack tank, hydraulic power pack tank hydraulic fual tank for power packHydraulic Power Pack Tank 3.5l Plastic DC Hydraulic Power Pack Steel TankPower Pack Hydraulic 700 Bar Hydraulic Pump High Efficiency Power Pack 700 Bar Hydraulic PumHydraulic Power Pack 0.75 Kw 1.5 Kw 2.2 Kw 3 Kw 4 Kw Hydraulic Pump 220v 700 Bar Small PortaHydraulic Power Pack Tank 37 Kw Hydraulic Packing Cheap China Manufacturer Hydraulic Dual MoSee a full list on alibaba hydraulic fual tank for power packhydraulic power pack oil tank, hydraulic power pack oil hydraulic fual tank for power pack1.6 Tank internal : Built-in diaphragm in the tank, increasing flow circulation path, can improve the effect of cooling, air separation and precipitation of impurities. 4.2 The fuel tank of the return pipe should be located in the oil under the surface, in order to avoid the oil return oil shocks in oil tank liquid level, make the oil inside the bubble, cause cavitation, adverse effects of hydraulic system.hydraulic oil tank - Ningbo YOYE Hydraulics Co., Ltd hydraulic fual tank for power packChina hydraulic oil tank catalog of Hydraulic Round Steel Oil Tank/Power Unit Reservoirs Fuel Tank, Reservoirs for Vehicle Tailgate Power Unit Hydraulic Oil Tanks provided by China manufacturer - Ningbo YOYE Hydraulics Co., Ltd., page1.\nCAPCO provides comprehensive range of Hydraulic Oil Tanks that are used for crushing and screening machines. The company exclusively manufactures these hydraulic tanks according to the customer specifications. Hydraulic tanks can be made available in different sizes and capacities as per the customer specifications and requirements.See all results for this questionWhat is a hydraulic tank?We are a leading manufacturers of Hydraulic Tank. Fully hydraulic lifting and loading system, can be completed whole operation by few labour. CAPCO provides comprehensive range of Hydraulic Oil Tanks that are used for crushing and screening machines.See all results for this questionWhat is a Capco hydraulic tank?Fully hydraulic lifting and loading system, can be completed whole operation by few labour. CAPCO provides comprehensive range of Hydraulic Oil Tanks that are used for crushing and screening machines. The company exclusively manufactures these hydraulic tanks according to the customer specifications.See all results for this question\nfuel hydraulic tank combogas hydraulic power packhydraulic power packfuel hydraulic tank splithydraulic power pack pumphydraulic power pack for salehydraulic power pack enginediesel hydraulic power packIncluding results for hydraulic fuel tank for power pack.Do you want results only for hydraulic fual tank for power pack?Power Packs | Consolidated Rig Works, LPCRW Standard Coiled Tubing Unit Power Pack Specifications. Prepped, primed and painted a single color of customer choice. Fitted with 4-point lift and a crash frame. Shackles are of the bolt, nut and locking pin design. Slings are furnished. Standard dimensions: 158 in. long x 98 in. wide x 98 in. high. Industrial water-cooled diesel engine, muffler of spark arresting type, oil drain hose and shutoff valve Portable Hydraulic Power Pack with 470 L Fuel Tank Volume hydraulic fual tank for power packHigh quality Portable Hydraulic Power Pack with 470 L Fuel Tank Volume 240 L/min Max Flow Rate from China, China's leading portable hydraulic power unit product, with strict quality control electric hydraulic power pack factories, producing high quality electric hydraulic power pack products.\nPortable Hydraulic Power Pack with 470 L Fuel Tank Volume 240 L/min Max Flow Rate Contact Now Durable Flexible Portable Electric Hydraulic Power Unit Motor Power 37 KW Longlife KPS37 technical specifications Service fluid 32#or46# anti-wear hydraulic oil Capacity of tank Portable Hydraulic Power Pack 14 - LamorThe Hydraulic Power Pack LPP 14 is used as a power source for skimmers and other smaller hydraulically operated equipment such as boom reels, air blowers, etc. The power pack is a lightweight, easily portable power solution for hydraulic equipment that can be operated in remote locations. The main components of the LPP 14 are air-cooled diesel engine, hydraulic pump, hydraulic power outlet connectors, hydraulic oil tank with hydraulic return filter, fuel tank, Parts Manual9 287563-00301 fuel tank 1 10 296267-625 battery, 12v group 24 top post 575 cc amps 1 11 296273-084 bracket, battery 1 hydraulic fual tank for power pack 40 296271-972 filter, fuel 1 power pack, 20hp - hydraulic, electric & fuel system assembly figure 5. hydraulic power supply units p 10 power pack, 20hp - hydraulic, electric & fuel system assembly (2 of 2)\nDec 20, 2015 · Made a bit more progress with this pack today. New switch was fitted,a new gasket was made up for the tank and then assembled. The carb was overhauled and the air filter assembly straightened and fitted. I also refurbished the valve block, luckily the hydraulic filter. is the same as used on some modern CAT power packs.O&R: shaft seals for 3/4HP .85HP & 1HP engines (including 13A & 13B)Jul 19, 2019Wheel Horse C-101Feb 13, 2018JCB Beaver Hydraulic Power Pack.Jan 16, 2015Bolens HDT1000 info neededDec 24, 2014See more resultsHydraulic Tanks at Best Price in IndiaAlumunium Tank - 40l (Yuken), Capacity: 40 litres. 6,500/ Piece Get Latest Price. Usage/Application: hydraulics power pack. Capacity: 40 litres. Product Type: alumunium tank. Storage Material: hydraulic oil. Material: aluminium. Brand: YUKEN.Hydraulic Tank-China Hydraulic Tank Manufacturers hydraulic fual tank for power packChina Hydraulic Tank - Select 2021 Hydraulic Tank products from verified China Hydraulic Tank manufacturers, suppliers on Made-in-China hydraulic fual tank for power pack.\nMar 25, 2021 · Hydraulic Tank for sale | eBayLenz Hydraulic 5\" Tank LEVEL TEMP SIGHT GAUGE with 1/2-13 Mounting Bolts T-550-5Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Lenz Hydraulic 5\" Tank LEVEL TEMP SPARKER FLUID SYSTEMS HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT, TANK CAPACITY 10 GALLON, 3HPFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for PARKER FLUID SYSTEMS HYDRAULIDouble Acting Hydraulic Pump 12V Dump Trailer Pump 10 Quart Metal Tank/ReservoirQUICK LIFTING & LOWERING- The hydraulic dump kits are built to start quickly and reliably. WitSee a full list on ebay hydraulic fual tank for power packHydraulic Power Packs | TJ HydraulicsThe power packs comply with CE regulations, ISO9001 quality management standard, have low noise levels, and boast quality workmanship. With the available models and options these power packs can be assembled to suit any requirement. Our specialists will be happy to answer any questions you may have on these products.Hydraulic Power Packs - BAUERThe Bauer HD 470 is a hydraulic power pack of the mid- range performance class. As the follow-up model of the successful HD 460 it is suitable for multi-functional appli- cations in specialist foundation engineering. It is character- ized in particular by its low power-to-weight ratio, robust design and high level of cost-effectiveness.\nWeathering steel plate for welding structure is made by adding metal materials such as chromium, molybdenum, titanium and vanadium to ordinary molten steel. The addition of these materials can form a protective film on the steel surface, which can resist weathering corrosion for a long time. The advantages of weathering steel plate for welding structure: It has very good welding performance and weather resistance, and is widely used in railways, bridges and other areas that need to be exposed to the atmosphere for a long time. Disadvantages of weathering steel plate for welded structure: It has very high requirements on the production process, and the poorer technology can not produce good weathering steel plate, hydraulic fual tank for power pack.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "LGP120/30PI-E Grouting pump for sale is driven by electric motor, which is the power for hydraulic system. It is mainly used for highways, railways, water and electricity, construction, mining etc. ground / underground construction. The symmetrically designed piston pump realizes the continuity of suction and discharge through reciprocating movement of hydraulic cylinder. At the same time, the closed cavity can generate high pressure, so that the mud can be injected with a certain pressure to complete the shotcrete action. LGP120/30PI-E Grouting pump is suitable for handling a wide variety of products including neat cement, PFA cement and sand cement grouts.\nThe grout injection pump could stepless adjust grouting flow and grouting pressure. It could pumping cement slurry, chemical slurry, etc. LGP120/30PI-E Grouting pump for sale is mainly used for ground/underground construction, such as highways, railways, water and electricity, construction, mining etc.\nFeatures of LGP120/30PI-E Grouting pump for sale:\n1. Solid State Relay.\n2. LGP120/30PI-E Grouting pump for sale is with PLC and HMI control.\n3. Both hydraulic air and water cooler.\n4. Grouting pressure and displacement can be adjusted steplessly.\n5. Hydraulic system is equipped with oil temperature protection system.\n6. Double cylinders piston pump to ensure the continuous slurry flowing (small pulse) and not easily leaking compared with the double acting piston pump.\nMaintenance of LGP120/30PI-E Grouting pump for sale:\nBefore starting the machine every time, check if the lever of hydraulic oil is enough or not, and if the Proximity Switch is fixed in place.\nWhen the grouting pump for saleis working, check if the oil pressure is stabilization or not, the oil temperature is high or not, leakage oil occurs or not.\nWhen the grouting pump for sale is stop, clean the grouting cylinder and conveying hose line in time.\nIf the main grouting pump doesn’t work for a long time, the antirust oil must be plastered on the inner of material pipes and pressure oil must be released.\nCheck if the all the bolts and joints is fixed in place or not every three months\nWhen new oil is added in the oil tank, the oil must be filtrated by the less than 20µ filter.\nPlease feel free to submit your inquiry information to us. We will contact with you as soon as possible.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dosing pump for water treatment plant, digital display, button to adjust flow, 12 watt, 0.48 L/h flow, stroke 90 N/m, resistant to weak acids and alkalis. Solenoid diaphragm metering pump with diaphragm damage protection and alarm function.\nChemical dosing pump flow 3.12 L/h, 12W, 7.6 bar, digital display, good sealing, strong corrosion resistance, diaphragm dosing pump with cycle timer, button control flow, widely used in industrial wastewater treatment.\nDiaphragm dosing pump power 16W, AC 220V, flow 5.04 L/h, press the button to adjust the flow rate, and control the flow rate more accurately. Solenoid metering pump with cycle timer, the pump head is well sealed, suitable for a wider range of medium delivery.\nChemical diaphragm dosing pump for water treatment plant, flow can be adjusted to 16.8L/m by pressing the button, pressure 4.2 bar, the nature of strong acid and strong alkali resistance makes dosing pump used in a wide range of media.\nDiaphragm dosing pump flow 4.2 L/h, 40 watt, directly compile external signals without converters, strong acid and alkali resistance, good stability. LCD display chemical metering pump is accurate in metering and convenient to adjust the flow rate. It is an ideal choice for sewage treatment plants.\nSelling diaphragm dosing pump with good stability and performance at a low price, flow 6.8 L/h, pressure 11.3 bar, simple structure, accurate measurement, strong acid and alkali resistance.\nThe dosing pump is a special positive displacement pump that can meter the delivered fluid. It is generally composed of a control part, a driving part, a transmission part and an overcurrent part. The main difference between an electromagnetic diaphragm metering pump and other metering pumps is the driving part.\nThe rated flow of the ATO metering pump is in the range of 1.08-31.2 L/h, and the output pressure is 1.8-22.7 bar. The outlet flow of the dosing pump can be realized according to the stroke frequency.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Some Problems in Navier-Stokes Theory with Slip Condition\nThis thesis is concerned with the study of an incompressible Newtonian vis-\ncous fluid flow using slip boundary condition. Navier-Stokes equation is applied to\nall considered problems. We considered three different problems. The first problem is the unsteady fluid flow between two concentric spheres with slip parameters. In the second problem, the oscillatory fluid flow between two parallel plates with slip conditions under the effect of pressure gradient is considered. The final problem deals with the unsteady fluid flow of a half-space problem using time fractional derivative. In these problems, we focused on slip boundary conditions and its influence on fluid flows of Navier-Stokes theory. It's concluded that the slip coefficient has a considerable contribution to the velocity, shear stress and the resultant torque of the considered problems. Its effects on flow field are discussed through graphs.\nOla Ismail Shaar\nEmad Abdel-Aziz Ashmawy", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Positive displacement pumps play a critical role in fluid handling and processing applications across a wide range of industries. While centrifugal pumps have replaced them as the standard for low-pressure, high-volume pumping operations, they remain necessary for highly specialized pumping applications. The following article provides an overview of positive displacement pumps, outlining what they are, how they work, and the types available in the market.\nWhat Is a Positive Displacement Pump?\nPositive displacement pumps rely on a variety of rotating or reciprocating components—e.g., diaphragms, gears, pistons, rollers, or screws—to draw in fluid into the pump chamber on the suction side and push fluid out of the pump chamber on the discharge side. The suction side has an expanding cavity while the discharge side has a decreasing cavity. This design allows the pump to generate the high pressures needed to move materials with high-viscosities and/or in precise volumes.\nHow Does a Positive Displacement Pump Work?\nPositive displacement pumps rely on the principle of fluid displacement to move fluid from the inlet to the outlet. During each cycle of operation, the rotating or reciprocating component forces a fixed amount of fluid into the expanding cavity and out of the decreasing cavity. The amount of fluid displaced depends on the displacement mechanism employed. The rate of flow will remain constant, regardless of the discharge pressure.\nUnlike centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps do not have shut-off heads. As a result, they cannot be operated against closed valves on the discharge side. Otherwise, the pump will continue to discharge fluid until the pressure in the discharge line is sufficient enough to damage the line and/or the pump. For this reason, industry professionals often add an internal or external safety or relief valve to the discharge side of positive displacement pumps as a preventative measure.\nTypes of Positive Displacement Pumps\nThere are two main classifications of positive displacement pumps: reciprocating pumps and rotary pumps.\nReciprocating Positive Displacement Pumps\nReciprocating pumps rely on components that perform a repetitive linear motion—i.e., up-and-down or back-and-forth—to create the pressure that draws fluid into and pushes fluid out of the pump chamber. Examples of reciprocating pump components include plungers, pistons, and diaphragms. For pumps with pistons or plungers, the suction stroke of the component opens the inlet valve and closes the outlet valve, allowing fluid to enter the pump chamber. The forward stroke of the component closes the inlet valve and opens the outlet valve, allowing fluid to exit the pump chamber. For pumps with diaphragms, the flexible membrane expands and compresses to draw the liquid in and discharge it.\nRotary Positive Displacement Pumps\nRotary pumps utilize components that perform a rotating motion to draw in and push out fluid. Examples of rotary components include gear and screws. The element develops a liquid seal with the pump casing. As a result, it creates suction as it rotates, which pulls fluid into the pump chamber at the suction point and pushes fluid out of the pump chamber at the discharge point.\nTo learn more about reciprocating and rotary pumps, check out this article. [LINK TO ARTICLE]\nContact the Pump Experts at Glauber Equipment Corporation Today\nAt Glauber Equipment Corporation, we’ve provided high-quality fluid handling solutions for over 60 years. One of our core product offerings is positive displacement pumps. We maintain a broad selection of equipment from a variety of manufacturers to accommodate the different pumping requirements of our customers. Our experts are available to help identify the best solution for every pumping application.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "TTL's synthetically blended hydraulic oils provide maximum anti-wear protection for high pressure, high performance systems. The natural high viscosity indexes and the sophisticated hydraulic additive packages developed by TTL create maximum oil cohesiveness, resulting in leakage reduction– up to 90%!\nExtended Drain Cycles\nTTL's hydraulic oils increase drain intervals–typically 3 to 5 times longer than conventional oils, reducing waste disposal costs.\nContinued System Efficiency\nThe pressure and temperature stability of TTL hydraulic oils permit continuous, around-the-clock system operation, without loss of equipment efficiencies. These high performance oils increase production output and profits.\nT-HYD 32 • T-HYD\n46 • T-HYD 68 • T-HYD 10/30\n• Anti Wear–Extended pump and\n• Anti Leak–Immediate leakage reduction up to 90%\nSuperior Water and Oil Separation– Vent and drain for uninterrupted\n• Non-Foaming–Eliminate system chatter and erratic\noperation, minimizing production errors\n• Rust and Corrosion\n• No sludge, varnish or gummy deposits\nPerformance–High pressure rating\n• Reduced Operating Temperatures\nPower Reduction of 2-6% Average\n• Seal, Gasket and Component\n• Superior Filter ability\nHigh Performance Hydraulic Oils Vane, Piston or\nGear Pump Systems", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Figure 10.10 shows a mechanical hydraulic servo system with automotive power steering, the sequential operation of which occurs as follows:\n• The input or command signal is the turning of the steering wheel.\n• This results in movement of the valve sleeve, which ports oil to the actuator (steering cylinder).\n• The piston rod moves the wheels through the steering linkage.\n• The valve spool is attached to the linkage, thereby moving it.\nWhen the valve spool has moved far enough, it cuts off the oil flow through the cylinder. This stops the motion of the actuator.\nIt is therefore clear that mechanical feedback re-centers the valve (servo valve) in order to stop motion at the desired point which in turn is determined by the position of the steering wheel. Additional motion of the steering wheel is required to cause further motion of the output wheels.\nFigure 10.9 shows a circuit in which speed control in a hydraulic circuit is accomplished using a pressure-compensated flow control valve.\nThe operation of the circuit is as follows:\n• In the spring-centered position of the tandem four-way valve, the motor is hydraulically locked.\n• When the four-way valve is actuated into the left envelope, the motor rotates in one direction. Its speed can be varied by adjusting the setting of the throttle of the flow control valve. The speed can be infinitely varied as the excess oil goes through the pressure relief valve.\n• When the four-way valve is de-activated, the motor stops suddenly and gets locked.\n• When the right envelope of the four-way valve is in operation, the motor rotates in the opposite direction. The pressure relief valve provides overload protection when the motor experiences an excessive torque load.\nFail-safe circuits are basically designed to prevent injury to the operator or damage to the equipment. In general they prevent any accidental fall or overloading of the equipment.\nFigure 10.7 shows a fail-safe circuit in which the cylinder is prevented from falling in the event of a hydraulic line rupture.\nTo lower the cylinder, the pilot pressure from the blank end of the piston must pilot open the check valve at the rod end, in order to allow the oil to return to the reservoir through the DCV. This happens when the push button valve is actuated to permit pilot pressure actuation of the DCV or with direct manual operation of the DCV during pump operation. The pilot-operated DCV allows free flow in the opposite direction to retract the cylinder when this DCV returns to its spring offset mode.\nFigure 10.8 is another example of a fail safe circuit in which overload protection is provided for the system components.\nThe direction control valve 1 is controlled by a push button three-way valve 2. When overload valve 3 is in its spring-offset mode, it drains the pilot line of valve 1. If the cylinder experiences excessive resistance during its extension stroke, the sequence valve 4 pilot-actuates overload valve 3. This drains the pilot line of valve 1, causing it to return to its spring-offset mode. If push button valve 2 is then operated, nothing will happen unless the overload valve 3 is manually shifted into its blocked port configuration. This ensures the protection of the system components against excessive pressure due to excessive cylinder load during the extension stroke.\nFrom our earlier discussions, we have seen how a sequence valve can be used to create sequential operations in a hydraulic circuit.\nThe circuit depicted in Figure 10.6 contains a hydraulic system in which two sequence valves are used to control the sequence of operation of two double-acting cylinders.\nWhen the DCV is shifted into its left envelope mode, the left cylinder extends completely and then the right cylinder extends. If the DCV is shifted into its right envelope mode, the right cylinder retracts fully followed by the left cylinder. This sequence of the cylinder operation is controlled by the sequence valves. The spring centered position of the DCV locks both the cylinders in place.\nThe best example of this circuit is the case of a production operation. The left cylinder should extend in order to accomplish the job of clamping a work piece with the help of a power vice jaw. The right cylinder extends to drive a spindle to drill a hole in the work piece. After the hole has been drilled, the right cylinder retracts first and then the left one. The sequence valve installed in the circuit ensures that these operations occur in a predefined fashion.\nFigure 10.5 illustrates the use of a counterbalance or backpressure valve to keep a vertically mounted cylinder in upward position during pump idling.\nThe counterbalance valve is set to open at a pressure slightly above the pressure required to hold the piston up. This permits the cylinder to be forced downward, when pressure is applied on the top. The open center direction control valve unloads the pump. The DCV used here is a solenoid-actuated, spring-centered valve with an open center flow path configuration.\nFigure 10.4 depicts a circuit used for unloading a pump using an unloading valve.\nIn this circuit, the unloading valve opens as the cylinder reaches the end of its extension stroke. This is because the check valve keeps the high-pressure oil in the pilot line of the unloading valve. When the DCV is shifted to retract the cylinder, the motion of the cylinder reduces the pressure in the pilot line of the unloading valve. This resets the unloading valve until the cylinder is fully retracted at the point where the unloading valve unloads the pump. It is thus seen that the unloading valve unloads the pump at the end of the extending and retracting strokes as well as in the spring-centered position of the DCV.\nThis circuit is designed as shown in Figure 10.2.\nWhen the four-way valve is in its spring-centered position, the cylinder is hydraulically locked. Also the pump is loaded back to the tank at atmospheric pressure.\nWhen the four-way valve is actuated into the flow path configuration of the left envelope, the cylinder is extended against its force load (Fload) as oil flows from port P through port A. The oil at the rod end of the cylinder is free to flow back into the reservoir through the four-way valve from port B through port T. The cylinder will not extend if the oil in the rod end is not allowed to flow back to the reservoir.\nWhen the four-way valve is de-activated, the spring-centered envelope prevails, and the cylinder is once again hydraulically locked.\nWhen the four-way valve is actuated in the right envelope configuration, the cylinder retracts, as oil flows from port P through port B. Oil in the blank end is allowed to flow back to the reservoir from port A through port T of the four-way valve. At the end of the stroke, there is no system demand for oil. Therefore the pump flow goes through the relief valve at its set pressure, unless the four-way valve is de-activated. In any event, the system is protected from cylinder overloads.\nThe check valve prevents the load from retracting the cylinder, while it is being extended using the left envelope flow path configuration.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "License issued: 12/17/2009\nLicense expires: 12/16/2059\nThis project proposed by Symbiotics, LLC will be located at an existing Army Corps dam on the Applegate River approximately 23 miles southwest of Medford, OR. The Applegate River lies within the Applegate subbasin and is part of the larger Rogue River Basin.\nThe 242-foot-high Applegate dam currently impounds the 988-acres of area forming the Applegate Lake. The dam is usef for water supply, irrigation, and recreational purposes.\nThe proposed 10 MW project would operate in a run-of-release mode using flows made available by the Corps in accordance with current dam operations.\nFERC terminated the license for this project in October 2014 for failure to start construction.\n|License Application Submitted||08-31-2004|\n|Draft EA Issued||06-14-2007|\n|Final EA Issued||05-02-2008|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "heavy-duty centrifugal slurry pump manufacturer american quality availability technical expertise and value schurco slurry manufactures high quality heavy-duty horizontal slurry pumps vertical slurry pumps replacement pump parts and provides pump services to a wide array of markets worldwide.\nfor a hydrocyclone to work at peak efficiency the volume of slurry and the feed pump delivery pressure must remain constant. if the cyclone feed pump is allowed to surge the up and down pressure will cause poor separation at the point of high and low operating pressure. there is a cycle to a surging pump box that causes this pressure fluctuation.\nover the last fifteen years numerical methods have been developed to enable the calculation of centrifugal slurry pump wear. the solids and slurries involved vary tremendously and with the limitations of the calculating methods total accuracy cannot be obtained. however by calibrating the results with field data the calculated data has proven to be quite useful in predicting the difference\npumping mining slurries with a peristaltic pump- peristaltic pumps - hose and tube pumps manufacturer - peristaltic pumps slurry pumps have significant process water demands : on a plant processing 75 tonnes of ore per hour and at 65% solids every time a hose pump replaces a process slurry pump it saves over 1100 million litres of water.\nour pump is designed to pump slurry similar with the above condition. and our slurry pump for gold mining has good performance on wear and corrosive resistance. our slurry pump material can be high chrome rubber or ceramic to match all the required conditions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Building a water irrigation system in Burkina Faso\nVulnerable communities in Burkina Faso are at risk. Despite the high demand, no access to a basic water source in Burkina Faso bursts the water crisis in the area. To this day, around 8 million people lack access to “at least basic” water.\n- 50 volunteers needed for this cause (both online & offline).\n- Locating the areas where the water demand is higher.\n- Studying the ground and finding adequate spots where the water irrigation system can be installed successfully.\n- Installing the water storage systems along with the water filtration systems.\n- Showing the locals how the water irrigation system is used & maintained.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We design, develop and manufacture hydraulic products based on our customer’s requirements.\nHere are some of the jobs we have completed:\n1. Constructing hydroelectric power projects: pull-out/anchorage hydraulic jacks for roof/rock bolt testing, hydraulic cylinders and power unit for shuttering, rib bending machines of 250 Tonne capacity and more, pre-stressing hydraulic jacks, hydraulic splicing machines, hydraulic system for the concrete batch mixing plant.\n2. Hydroelectric power plants: brake jack assemblies, brake jack control panels, hydrostatic lubrication units, hydraulic servo motor etc.\n3. Steel plants: cylinders and power-packs for hot/cold rolling mills, blast furnace operations, coke ovens, hydro-electric actuators, hydraulic pullers and hydraulic tools for maintenance.\n4. Coal mines: hydraulic system for maintenance for both underground and open cast.\n5. Oil-drilling rigs: hydraulic system for maintenance.\n6. Construction: hydraulic system for pile testing, heavy engineering, cement plants, ship yards, bridge construction etc.\n7. Thermal power stations: hydraulic system for lifting and alignment of turbo generator.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Part Number: ||PMPUMP75AUTO |\n|Capacity: ||0.75 Horsepower |\n|Weight: ||31 lbs. |\n|Ships From: ||TX |\n|Shipping: ||Calculate Shipping |\n|Manufacturer: ||Poly-Mart |\nThe RainMaster MHP75A is an automatic 115V/60Hz 4-stage 3/4 HP centrifugal surface pump with all stainless steel 304 construction in the water end of the pump. The RainMaster MHP75A automatically activates when water begins to flow from user demand such as an irrigation valve opening or a hose end sprayer being operated. When water flow stops, the pump shuts off. The pump control unit also features run-dry protection with a built-in pressure gauge. These pumps are great for whole home rainwater harvesting systems, irrigation systems or well water storage systems.\nShip Notes: Box Dimensions 18”L x 9”W x 18”H", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Five more hydro power stations are to be built by 2015 on the Wujiang river, which flows through Guizhou Province in southwest China.\nThe proposed hydro stations are Hongjiadu and Suofengying – 600MW each, Goupitan – 3000MW, Silin – 1120MW, and the 1000MW Shatuo station. Goupitan, the largest to be built on the Wujiang river, will go into operation in 2009, and construction of the Silin and Shatuo power stations are slated to begin in 2005 and 2006 respectively.\nThe 1037km long Wujiang river, with a fall of 2124m, has a runoff of 53.4Bm3. As one of China’s 12 major water power bases, the river has a reserve of power totalling 18.47MkW, ranking sixth in China.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "TA-7629 VIE: Capacity Building for River Basin Water Resources Planning\n- Gửi bởi: admin\n- Thể loại: Tin Tức\n2012-05-28Hanoi 28 May 2012. The consortium between AECOM Asia Co. Ltd. and GFD has been awarded project TA-7629 VIE: Capacity Building for River Basin Water Resources Planning in Vietnam.\nThis 2 year project aiming at i) supporting the preparation of the amended Law on Water Resources and ii) planning task for the development of water resources of the Red-Thai Binh river basin. The work under the 2nd component will address the whole river basin, sub-basins, provincial area, river segments, regional economic development areas, and main ground water areas.\nThe specific task of the planning task is to identify main issue, water resources functions, assess current water demands, agreed priorities and general solution needs as a basis for developing a river basin water resources plan.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement. They are one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid applications.\nTypical applications of this pump are the circulation of gearbox or differential oil for remote oil cooling. The model show delivers 330 l/hr @ 25°C.\nIt has a maximum working pressure of 2.5 bar and can handle temperatures up to 137°C.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A new discharge computational model is proposed on the basis of the integration of the velocity profile across the flow cross-section in an internally corrugated pipe flowing partially full. The model takes into account the velocity profiles in the pressurised pipe to predict the flow rate under free-surface flow conditions. The model was evaluated through new laboratory experiments as well as a literature datasets. The results show that flow depth and pipe slope may affect the model accuracy; nevertheless, a prediction error smaller than 20% is expected from the model. Experimental results reveal the influence of the pipe slope and flow depth on the friction factor and the stage-discharge curves: the friction factor may increase with pipe slope, while it reduces as flow depth increases. Hence, a notable change of pipe slope may lead to the variation of the stage-discharge curve. A part of this study deals with numerical simulation of the velocity profiles and the stage-discharge curves. Using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, numerical solutions were obtained to simulate four experimental tests, obtaining enough accurate results as to velocity profiles and water depths. The results of the simulated flow velocity were used to estimate the flow discharge, confirming the potential of numerical techniques for the prediction of stage-discharge curves.\nThis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License\nwhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Conference date: 21–23 October 2009\n- Location: Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)\nExperimental and numerical investigations were conducted for the internal flow of the stator of the diagonal flow fan. Corner separation near the hub surface and the suction surface of the stator blade are focused on. At low flow rate of 80% of the design flow rate, the corner separation between the suction surface and the hub surface can be found in both experimental and numerical results. Separation vortices are found in the computed oil flow on both suction and hub surfaces at 80% of the design flow rate in the three‐dimensional numerical simulation.\nMOST READ THIS MONTH\nMOST CITED THIS MONTH\nArticle metrics loading...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "deaerator be designed for a possible 15 percent increase in the pressure from that shown\non the manufacturer's heat balance.\nb) Safety valve manufacturers recommend that a suitable margin be\nlowest set relief valve. This prevents any undesirable operation of the relief device.\nThey suggest that this margin be approximately 10 percent above the maximum operating\npressure or 25 psi, whichever is greater.\nc) The deaerator design pressure shall be specified with a design\npressure equal to maximum extraction pressure x 1.15 plus allowance for safety valve.\nThe allowance for safety valve shall equal maximum extraction pressure x 1.15 x 0.1 or\n25 psi, whichever is greater. The design pressure should be rounded up to the nearest\neven 10 psi.\nThe maximum allowable working pressure shall be assumed to be equal to\nthe design pressure.\nd) If the deaerator design pressure is 75 psi or greater, the\ndeaerator shall also be designed for full vacuum (thereby eliminating the need for a\nDeaerator Storage Volume. The deaerator storage volume, elevation, and boiler\nThurston's paper \"Design of Suction Piping: Piping and Deaerator Storage Capacity to\nProtect Feed Pumps,\" Journal of Engineering for Power, Volume 83, January 1961, ASME pp\n69-73. The boiler feed pump NPSH is calculated using the following equation:\nNPSH = (Pa + Ps - Pv) x (144/D) + hs - f\nPa = Atmospheric pressure, psia\nPs = Steam pressure in deaerator, psig\nPv = Vapor pressure of boiler feedwater at boiler feed pump\nD = Density of boiler feedwater, lb/cu. ft.\nhs = Static head between deaerator water level and centerline\nof boiler feed pump, ft\nf = Friction loss in piping from deaerator to boiler feed pump", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Difference between rotor single flow water meter and rotor multi flow wet water meter\nRotor single flow meter is one of the most simple structure, smallest volume, lightest weight and lowest cost among all kinds of water meters. The requirements and functions of the main parts of the rotor single flow water meter are roughly the same as those of the rotor multi flow wet water meter. Here are some differences:\n1. Watch case\nCompared with multi beam water meter, single beam water meter has less gear box and impeller box, and some functions are borne by the meter case. If the inner hole on the upper part of the watch case is matched with the counter, it replaces some functions of the gear box. The water inlet and outlet hole of the watch case and the central screw hole of its inner hole replace the function of the impeller box. Therefore, the machining accuracy requirements of single flow meter case are much higher than those of multi flow meter. For example, it shall have high-precision hole diameter, roughness and tangent radius of inlet and outlet holes. The upper shoulder of the watch case and the central screw hole shall maintain a high coaxiality. Without high-precision multi station special machine tools, it is difficult to meet these requirements and achieve high production efficiency.\n2. Adjusting plate\nThe single flow water meter has only internal mode but no external mode. Its error adjustment is achieved by changing the angle of the three adjustment plates under the counter. Its adjustment principle is similar to the up regulation plate in lxs-80 ~ 150 rotor multi beam water meter.\n3. Water filtering net\nThe water filter screen of single flow water meter is a spherical sheet with many small holes. The water filter screen is placed at the inlet end of the watch case to block the passage of impurities in the water. However, limited by the diameter of the inlet end of the meter case, the total area of the holes of the water filter network is difficult to reach 1.5 times of the nominal diameter area of the water meter required by the design. Therefore, when the single water meter is slightly blocked by impurities in the water, under the same flow conditions, the water flow speed passing through the water filter and driving the impeller to rotate is greater than that before blocking, so as to increase the impeller speed and make the water meter faster. Therefore, single flow water meter has high requirements for water quality and flow field.\n4. Lower tip\nOnly one stream of water in the single stream water meter drives the impeller to rotate, so when the impeller rotates at a higher speed, it always receives a thrust perpendicular to the tangent direction of the water flow, causing unilateral wear on the top. Therefore, the lower center is required to be made of wear-resistant materials.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A hemispherical tank of water (radius 10 ft) is being pumped out. Find the work done in lowering the water level from 2 feet below the top of the tank to 4 feet below the tank given that the pump is placed a) at the top of the tank and b) the pump is placed 3 feet above the top of the tank. Clearly indicate how force and distance are represented and indicate where the 0 position is on the diagram. Density of water is 62.4 pounds per cubic foot.\na) to the rim of the tank\nb) 3ft above the rim of the tank\nGet Answers For Free\nMost questions answered within 1 hours.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "he sizing of the pump can be obtained from the following specification.1. Flow. The need for oil.\n2. The pressure being used.\n3. Size electric motors. Or engine driving the pump.\nSuppose to 200 bar maximum pressure cylinder size ID 100 mm. Speed of movement of the cylinder was 3 cm / sec.\nA = 10 x 10 x 0.785 = 78.5 cm2.\nV = 3 cm / sec.\nQ = V x A = 3 cm / sec x 78.5 cm2 = 235.5 cm3 / sec = 14.13 L / min.\nRotate pump drive motor speed 1450 rpm. Therefore, pump size should be 9.7 cc / rev.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pressure Generating Units\nPoppe + Potthoff Maschinenbau supplies ready-for-connection units to increase pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic applications. The performance ability of existing systems can be expanded flexibly and efficiently in this manner.\nLEVER FOR GENERATION OF PRESSURE\nCore technology of the compact unit is pressure intensification. The pressure is levered from a primary to a secondary surface in a specific transmission ratio. A pressure reservoir makes it possible to modulate the pressure continuously or selectively.\n- Hydraulic units and press-fit carts up to 4.000 bar\n- Pressure booster to separate primary and secondary medium and to increase the hydraulic pressure up to 14,000 bar\n- Compressed air amplifiers to double the air pressure without intervention into the compressor system", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1. Take the water pump off.\n2. Take off two the oil hoses which hook up to the pump\n3. lose the two bolts\n4. Take the pump off.\n5 put new pump on\n6.put oil hose back on and put water pump back on.\n7.open or loose this cap, wait until oil coming out. Then tighten this cap.\n8.make sure you can see the oil here. if not, add more oil, hydraulic #46", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Excavator is the product of modern industrial development,also the construction industry indispensable equipment. Excavator hydraulic system is indeed a set of precision equipment, when it does not work, there will be a variety of problems. So how do you determine whether the hydraulic filter of the excavator needs to be maintained?\nFirst you need to determine where is the problem?\nIt's a very common thing, the excavator can not be used normally, you need to check the hydraulic system of the excavator, and consider replacing the oil, cleaning or replacing the hydraulic filter or other related parts when the excavator action becomes weak.\nThe role of hydraulic filter:\nExcavator hydraulic system is a set of sophisticated equipment, so in the operation of the equipment, we need to ensure that the hydraulic oil cleaning system. The hydraulic filter is the removal of impurities in the hydraulic oil, which is the role of the hydraulic filter in the hydraulic system.\nReplace hydraulic filter:\nWhen replacing the hydraulic filter of the excavator, it is necessary to park the engine with a hydraulic oil level on a relatively flat floor, and turn off the engine.Then dismantle the hydraulic system according to the different excavator hydraulic system structure to instead the corresponding model filter elements of excavator hydraulic filter.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "To prevent floods, embankments built along Sutlej river in Bholewal Jadid village under MGNREGA\nThe project worth Rs 3.5 crores was completed in two monthsUpdated: Aug 28, 2020, 21:15 IST\nA project worth Rs 3.5 crores to build embankments along Sutlej river in Bholewal Jadid village to prevent soil erosion has been completed in two months’ time.\nDistrict Programme Coordinator, Ludhiana had passed the project under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) for construction of embankments along the Sutlej river in Bholewal Jadid village as a flood control measure.\nCost of labour under this project accounted for ₹40 lakhs.\nUsing tangible flood mitigation methods, wire craters were designed and filled with boulders to make long-lasting embankments. These embankments diverted the flow of water avoiding soil erosion and each embankment was placed at a suitable distance to protect the banks from caving in.\nThe entire funding was carried out under the MGNREGA scheme under the drainage department. This project has helped around 25 villages from getting waterlogged, said Sandeep Kumar, Ludhiana additional deputy commissioner (development). The project took around two months to complete and has proved to be a boon for the surrounding villages.\n“In fact, it has even helped the MGNREGA job cardholders to avail employment in the ongoing pandemic,” he said.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "We supply the precision Hydraulic Valve to our esteemed clients. This device is designed to direct the flow of liquid medium like oil through the hydraulic system. There is a spool fabricated in this valve to determine the direction of the oil flow. A hydraulic system functions as per the position of the spool the value. We have made available the Hydraulic Valve in varying sizes and designs. Clients can approach us to get the complete gamut of the valve within the stipulated time frame.\nMain Export Market(s) : Worldwide\nPayment Terms : Online", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "High Pressure Air Driven Liquid Pump (BYQA-65H)\n|FOB Price:||US $0.9 / Piece|\n|Min. Order:||1 Piece|\n|Min. Order||FOB Price|\n|1 Piece||US $0.9/ Piece|\n|Transport Package:||Standard Plywood Case|\n|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T, Western Union|\n- Model NO.: BYQA-65H\n- Type: Portable\n- Structure: Piston Pump\n- Applicable Working Medium: Water, Hydrulic Oil, Corrosive Liquid\n- Drive Air Pressure: 3-8 Bar\n- Trademark: SHINEEAST\n- Origin: Jinan, China\n- Pressure Medium: Corrosive Liquid (Acid etc)\n- Color: Green\n- Theory: Pneumatic\n- Working Medium: 0-455 Bar\n- Pressure Ratio: 65:1\n- Specification: ISO9001\n- HS Code: 8414809090\nIt's such a device that uses compressed air as power source and air driven liquid pump as pressure source to get the corresponding outlet pressure through regulating air drive pressure; and the ratio of outlet pressure to air drive pressure is 65:1. When air drive pressure and outlet pressure reach balance, the air driven liquid pump will stop pressurizing, and outlet pressure will be stable at the preset pressure, so it has such features: explosion-proof, output pressure adjustable, small volume, light weight, easy to operate, reliable performance, wide application range etc.\nUsed for pressurizing water, hydraulic oil, acid etc liquids, making low-pressure liquid to high pressure liquid, the highest can be 455 bar.\nBYQA --- BYQA series air driven liquid pump\n65------the pressure ratio is 65:1\nH------ the pump is used for corrosive liquid\nIV) System configuration:\nBYQA-65H air driven liquid pump mainly includes pump body, air regulating valve, air pressure gauge, liquid inlet valve etc.\n- Don't start up the pump before connecting all pipelines, to avoid damaging the pump and the persons.\n- Release all the pressure of the pipelines before repairing the machine, avoiding high pressure damage.\n- Ensure the system does not operate before repairing it.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "10e - PTFE-lined centric butterfly valve\nThe Pfeiffer BR10e PTFE-lined centric control butterfly valve is designed for general service applications up to the limits of the PN16 pressure class rating. These general service applications focus on extremely corrosive media found in chemical processes. The Pfeiffer BR10e design increases flow capacity but also reduces the pressure recovery factor, making the design more susceptible to cavitation, flashing, and flow noise generation. The centric design of this butterfly valve will require greater breakaway torques from the actuator.\nThe Pfeiffer BR10e can be assembled with a pneumatic, electric or hydraulic actuator also offered by the SAMSON Group to complete the construction of the control valve. These control valves are designed according to the modular assembly principle and can be equipped with SAMSON Group actuators and valve accessories such as positioners, limit switches, and solenoid valves.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Northwest River Water Treatment Plant Construction / Chesapeake, VA\nHow do you renovate a water treatment facility?\nThe Northwest River Water Treatment Plant improves the quality of water for the City of Chesapeake, Virginia through the use of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Treatment. This project included the construction of the new chemical and membrane treatment facilities and renovations to the existing filtration treatment facilities. Utilizing four each 2 MGD Surface Water Membrane Trains and two each 2 MGD Groundwater Membrane Trains, the plant improvement removes objectionable sale from the Chesapeake's sole water supply.\nFacts And Figures\nProjects Delivery Method Child Item", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The QXM series pumps are designed to provide efficient and reliable hydraulic power transmission.\nThey are known for their compact size, high performance, and robust construction. These pumps are suitable for use in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, construction, agriculture, and material handling.\nLet's start with the QXM51 model. It is a hydraulic gear pump with a maximum displacement of 4.92 cubic centimeters per revolution (cc/rev). The QXM51 pump operates at a maximum pressure of 250 bar and delivers a maximum speed of 4000 revolutions per minute (RPM). With its compact design and lightweight construction, this pump offers excellent versatility and ease of installation.\nMoving on to the QXM52 model, it offers a slightly higher displacement of 9.84 cc/rev. This increased displacement allows for higher flow rates, making the QXM52 pump suitable for applications that require more hydraulic power. The maximum pressure and speed ratings for the QXM52 pump are the same as the QXM51 model, at 250 bar and 4000 RPM, respectively.\nFinally, let's discuss the QXM53 model. This pump offers the largest displacement among the QXM series, with a capacity of 19.68 cc/rev. With its higher displacement, the QXM53 pump can deliver even greater flow rates and hydraulic power. The maximum pressure rating for the QXM53 pump is 250 bar, while the maximum speed remains at 4000 RPM.\nAll models in the QXM series feature high-quality construction materials, including cast iron bodies and hardened steel gears.\nThese materials ensure durability and resistance to wear, allowing the pumps to withstand demanding operating conditions. The pumps also incorporate advanced sealing technology, which minimizes internal leakage and ensures optimal efficiency.\nIn terms of mounting options, the QXM series pumps offer flexibility. They can be mounted in various orientations, including horizontal and vertical positions, to suit different installation requirements. Additionally, the pumps are designed for easy maintenance, with accessible components and convenient servicing procedures.\nThe QXM series pumps from REXROTH are known for their reliable performance, compact design, and durability. Whether used in mobile or industrial applications, these hydraulic gear pumps deliver efficient power transmission and contribute to the smooth operation of hydraulic systems. With their wide range of displacement options and versatile mounting capabilities, the QXM series pumps provide solutions for diverse hydraulic power requirements.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "TianyuMfg High-pressure flow irons for a wide variety of well service applications In stock and ready to ship!\nYour factory partner for high pressure flow irons\nTianyuMfg manufactures and supplies high pressure flow irons in various types of end connections, Our high pressure flow control products are capable to be operated in wide temperature range and meet your specific working pressure requests. 100% interchangeable with original Weir SPM made flow irons.\nHigh pressure flow iron fittings with the most used end connection types in various sizes and pressure ratings:\n2″ 1502 hammer union\n3″ 1502 hammer union\n4″ 1002 hammer union\n4″ 1502 hammer union\nEach integral union connection is clearly stamped with an identification code (e.g. “1502”), and this code should be referenced when mating unions.\nOperating temperature range classification:\nStandard temp: 0ºC/32℉~ 110ºC/230℉\nLow temp: -30ºC/-22℉~ 110ºC/230℉\nTianyuMfg flow control service types:\nH2S (Sour Gas) Service\nTianyuMfg full range flow control products\nTianyuMfg manufactures and supplies flow control products including:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "2011/05, CPR/Napinka Sub. mile 21.1 on bridge E. of Clearwater, MB. View – looking S.W. down on Long River and provincial road No. 342. Notice water spilling over government dam due to significant rain. Water above the dam was the water source for early steam engines. Water would be pumped from here to the pump house and up the west escarpment into the water tower as previously pictured. (Click on photo for detail) © Text and Photos exclusive copyright of N. Froese.\n352 The Napinka Subdivision, Mile 0 to Mile 49.\nLeave a reply", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Features of Cement Mixer And Pump\nPosted On: 19/10/2021 | Posted by: Haomei Concrete PumpsHaomei cement mixer and pump integrates mixing and high-pressure pumping. Electric motor or diesel generator set can be used as the power system. The construction operation system is fully automated. It can be easily moved on the construction site.\nThe concrete mixer and pump can be used for mixing and pumping dry and wet materials such as cement, mortar, fine stone concrete, etc. Having two functions in one, it has high cost performance. can be used for mixing and pumping dry and wet materials such as cement, mortar, fine stone concrete, etc.\nThe concrete mixing pump can not only improve the working efficiency, but also more convenient for construction in narrow areas, sloping roofs, and high-rise buildings.\nIt is of PLC programmable computer control and equipped with a wireless remote control.\nDouble-cylinder full hydraulic pumping is adopted, which improves work efficiency and reduces failure rate.\nS-pipe distribution valve\nThe concrete mixer machine and pump is equipped with a floating wear ring, which automatically compensates for wear and has good sealing performance. It has two working modes: low pressure with large displacement, and high pressure with small displacement.\nThe concrete mixer pump adopts electric and hydraulic control reversing, with sensitive response and good stability.\nHigh outlet pressure\nIts horizontal transportation can reach 400 meters to 500 meters, and vertical transportation reach 150 meters to 180 meters, which can meet the transportation requirements of high-rise buildings and long-distance construction.\nThe hydraulic oil cooling adopts an oil-air cooler heat dissipation system, which can greatly reduce the heat generated by the hydraulic system, and ensure that the working oil temperature of the hydraulic system is controlled below 60°C, eliminating water cooling and heat dissipation.\nThe sealing is reliable and it is not easy to leak; the mixing blade has a reasonable structure and can be applied to a variety of concrete ratios.\nOriginal source: https://www.concrete-pump-cn.com/a/cement-mixer-pump.html\nTags: concrete mixer pump,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "2018 9 30 brief introduction to xbs and dxbs series fine stone concrete pumps 1. xbs and dxbs fine stone concrete pumps are a kind of mortar conveying equipment specially developed according to the characteristics of floor heating projects.\nxbs dxbs series products are a kind of mortar conveying equipments, specially designed for the floor heating projects according to its characteristics .. they are extensively applied in the large area and highly effective construction of fine stone concrete or mortar stuffing in floor heating projects .. environmental friendly diesel\n2013 8 26 large concrete pump small concrete pump fine stone concrete pump mortar delivery pump high speed railway girder concrete pump mobile concrete placing boom stationary concrete placing boom product name xbs series small concrete pumps product type product description details. picture. scope. xbs series small concrete pump for\n2019 3 21 hbt/dhbt series concrete pump plant mounted concrete boom pump plant mounted concrete pump elevator shaft self climbing concrete placing boom mobile hydraulic concrete placing boom floor climbing hydraulic concrete placing boom concrete transit mixers xbs/dxbs fine stone concrete pump manual concrete placing boom skid steer loaders\n2017 6 14 xbs/dxbs fine stone concrete pump concrete mixer pump plant mounted concrete pump [email protected] introduction. small and medium concrete pump, using advanced technology of concrete pump in the world, it is the first advanced floor heating construction equipment in domestic and suitable for construction of large area, high efficiency in pea\nself climbing concrete placing stationary hydraulic concrete mobile hydraulic concrete plac ship mounted hydraulic concret manual type concrete placing b fine stone concrete pump xbs series of products is the mortar transportatio\nplant mounted concrete mixer pump, trailer concrete mixer pump, diesel trailer concrete pump, concrete pumps, spraying machines , concrete auto self loading 22kw small fine stone concrete conveying pump/cement grouting pump.\n2017 6 7 js series concrete mixer is a kind of double shafts forced type mixer, it can be used separately and can be used together with a concrete batching machine to be a simple type concrete batching plant .. hbt/dhbt series concrete pump small and medium concrete pump xbs/dxbs fine stone concrete pump plant mounted concrete pump plant mounted\n2018 11 21 concrete pumps can be divided into boom concrete pump,trailer concrete pump .. jh50 series concrete pump plant are popular small model researched and developed by our company after our hbt series trailer mounted concrete pumps, hbc series plant mounted concrete pumps and hgy series hydraulic concrete placing booms .. xbs and dxbs fine\nalibaba offers 1,285 small mortar pump products. about 54 of these are concrete pumps, 15 are mortar spray machines, and 10 are pumps .. small stone concrete placing pumps fine stone mortar concrete pump manufacturer . us $13400.0 13700.0 / set . 1 set (min. order) trailer mounted small concrete pump electric 30 kw powerful cement", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Victsing 80 GPH Submersible Pump Hydroponics Aquaponics Statuary Aquarium Fish W\nSuction cup mounting feet for either vertical or horizontal mounting.Contains no seals or messy oils.\nThis submersible water pump is great for aquarium, fountains, spout and hydroponic systems.\nThe small profile size makes the pump easy to hide or disguise. Has adjustable flow and is easy to clean.\nThis submersible pump is designed for reliability and ultra-quiet operation to provide years of service.\nAdjustable water flow rate.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Know about Project Swajal:\n- The Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation has launched second project of Swajal Yojana at village Bhikampura, Karauli, Rajasthan.\n- Under this project, four reservoirs will be constructed in village and common tap connection will be given to almost 300 households.\n- Swajal is a community owned drinking water programme for sustained drinking water supply.\n- Under the scheme, 90% of the project cost will be taken care by the Government and the remaining 10% of the project cost will be contributed by the community.\n- The Operations and management of the project will be taken care by the local villagers.\n- Besides ensuring the availability of clean drinking water to every household round the year, the project would also generate employment", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What are the common mistakes in installing Horizontal Multistage Pump\n1. There are many elbows on the water inlet pipe of Horizontal Multistage Pump\nIf there are many elbows used on the water inlet pipe, some water flow resistance will be added. Moreover, the elbow should be turned in a straight direction, and it is not allowed to turn in a horizontal direction to avoid gathering air.\n2. When installing the water inlet pipeline, the horizontal section should be horizontal or upward\nDoing so will gather air in the water inlet pipe, reduce the vacuum degree of the water pipe and the water pump, reduce the water suction head of the water pump, and reduce the water output. The correct way is: its horizontal section should be slightly skewed towards the water source, it should not be horizontal, let alone tilt upward.\n3. The water inlet of Horizontal Multistage Pump is directly connected with the elbow\nThis will cause the water to spread unevenly as it enters the impeller through the elbow. When the diameter of the water inlet pipe is larger than the water inlet of the water pump, an eccentric reducer should be installed. The plane part of the eccentric reducer should be installed on the top, and the inclined plane should be installed on the bottom. Otherwise, the air will be collected, the water output will be reduced or the water will not be pumped, and there will be knocking noises. If the diameter of the water inlet pipe is the same as that of the water inlet of the water pump, a straight pipe should be added between the water inlet of the water pump and the elbow, and the length of the straight pipe should not be less than 2 to 3 times the diameter of the water pipe.\n4. The outlet pipe of Horizontal Multistage Pump is above the normal water level of the outlet pool\nIf the water outlet is above the normal water level of the outlet pool, although the head of the pump is increased, the flow rate is reduced. If the water outlet must be higher than the water level of the water outlet due to the limited terrain conditions, an elbow and a short pipe should be installed at the mouth of the pipe to make the water pipe into a siphon type and reduce the height of the water outlet.\n5. The position of the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is wrong\n① The distance between the water inlet of the water inlet pipe and the bottom of the water inlet pool and the wall is smaller than the diameter of the water inlet. If there is dirt such as mud and sand on the bottom of the pool, if the distance between the water inlet and the bottom of the pool is less than 1.5 times the diameter, it will cause poor water intake or suction of mud and sand debris during pumping, which will block the water inlet.\n②When the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is not deep enough, it will cause vortices on the water surface around the water inlet pipe, which will affect the water inlet and reduce the water output. The correct installation method is: the water depth of small and medium-sized water pumps shall not be less than 300-600mm, and the depth of large-scale water pumps shall not be less than 600-1000mm.\n6. When setting the bottom valve, the bottom section of the water inlet pipe is not straight\nIf installed in this way, the valve cannot be closed by itself, resulting in water leakage. The correct installation method is: the bottom section of the water inlet pipe equipped with a bottom valve is preferably straight. If it cannot be installed vertically due to terrain conditions, the angle between the axis of the water pipe and the horizontal plane should be more than 60°.\nThe above is the detailed description of the six misunderstandings of Horizontal Multistage Pump. Horizontal Multistage Pump is a centrifugal pump with compact structure, small size, light weight, low noise, remarkable energy saving effect and convenient maintenance. It adopts standard vertical motor and quick-install mechanical seal, which is very convenient to replace.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Four Ram Fork type Single Rudder Electro-Hydraulic Steering Gear\nHydraulic Steering Gear consists of Steering mechanism, power system and control system.\nMarin type of Steering mechanism:\n1. Four-ram cross head hydraulic steering gear\n2. Fork type（two-ram/four-ram) hydraulic steering gear）\n3. Swing/tilt cylinder type\n4.Rotary Vane Steering Gear\nOptions of pilot type for control system:\n1. Follow-up pilot\n2. Auto pilot\n3. Emergency manual pilot\n4. Engine drive pilot\nSteering time and power: comply to SOLAS rules, or better as per customer’s requirements\nIn this case here, the steering gear system consists of four ram fork type steering mechanism, two motor pump sets, reserve oil tank, control panel and start&alarm boxes.\nSingle Rudder Hydraulic Shifting Yoke Steering Gear\n|Type||Nominal Torque||Max. Steering Angle||Steering Time||Required Ele'c Power|\nMore single rudder hydraulic shifting yoke steering gear can be offered,pls contact us for more details.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "RO booster pump 200 GPD is a pressure-adding device for a RO water system or water purifier. Working flow ≧1900ml/min, work current ≧1.9 A, 70 PSI pressure feeding, low noise.\nAre you in search of a pressure booster pump supplier? LEFOO is always dedicated to manufacturing pressure booster pumps for RO systems and water purifiers. The LEFOO RO Booster Pump increases the water flow and adds the inlet pressure, maximizing the water production of their water purifier. prolonging the life of the components and reducing operating costs.\nThe pump also can be used in Drinking water chillers; Drinking water coolers; Carbonated Drink Machine; Beverage machine; Reverse osmosis system; medical water purifier; Laboratory water purifier\n|LEFOO 24VDC 200GPD RO Booster Pump|\n|The pumps are capable for water purifiers with a clean water production of 200 gallons per day|\n3/8\" Male Quick Connector3/8\"Side Female Quick Connector\n|Certifications||NSF, CE, ROHS, REACH, EU Food Grade|\n*High water preventing level.\n*Compliant with CE, Rohs, CQC certifications.\n*Large flux water outlets with stable pressure and long working life.\n*Compact structure consists of robust plastic and metal components.\n*DC Powered strong impetus motor with low noise, low vibration level.\n*Whole process quality controls in processes of electrical, sealing, and pressure boosting.\nWater Vending, Dispensing\nHVAC Coil Cleaning\nMedical Lab Water\nEndoscope Reprocessing/Chemical Boost\nDialysis Chemical Injection\nMethanol & Water Injection\nSparkling Water Machine\nCommercial Sparkling Water Machine\nCommercial Carbonated Water Machine\nCommercial Water Dispenser\nRO Water Dispenser\nTeeth Cleaning Industry\n24 Sep 2023Harnessing Innovation: The Future of Water Treatment with Water Purifier Pumps\n16 Sep 2023Unveiling Water Clarity: Exploring the Technology behind Water Purifier Pumps\n08 Sep 2023Elevating Water Purification: The Essential Role of Water Purifier Pumps\n18 Aug 2023Engineering Excellence: The Dynamics and Applications of Diaphragm Booster Pumps", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This sub section presents the annual flow patterns together with the long term mean annual flow for selected stations within the Nile. Again this has been presented per Sub-basin and it follows the Sub-basin presentation sequence similar to the previous section.\nThe long-term annual flows are shown in the charts. The part of the Main Nile downstream of the High Aswan Dam is fully regulated and, therefore, the flows there are controlled releases for various uses in Egypt. The part of the Nile upstream of the High Aswan Dam is partially regulated by the dams in Sudan. The Nile in this sub-basin is highly altered in its flows due to the abstractions of water for various uses and the flow records no longer represent natural flow conditions. The long-term flow at the Dongola station is about 72 BCM. The average discharge of the Nile into the Mediterranean Sea through its two branches in Egypt is estimated as 10 – 12 BCM per year.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Power system transmission and distribution technology to the development of high voltage, large capacity, long distance, but also to promote the continuous development of high voltage switches. With a different period of development of power system, manufacturing enterprises will produce different off performance of high voltage switch to meet the needs of the power system, at the same time, the match of the operating mechanism of the development and application will have a significant impact. Due to the increase of operating power, the large capacity high voltage switch will be used to match the hydraulic operating mechanism. Therefore, how to do a good job and design a new type of hydraulic mechanism has become a major issue.\nDiscussions and we should pay attention to several cases of the hydraulic operating mechanism design as many designers generally focus on whether the system to meet the mechanical movement characteristic and disconnect, energy comprehensive utilization, and some minor aspects is easy to be neglected, many problems easily ignored in the initial design personnel, now according to the hydraulic mechanism of years design experience and actual discovery problem is presented.\n1. Problems Should Be Paid Attention To In Design Of Hydraulic System\nSelection of motor power\nThe formula of motor power is usually chosen:\nN = P1 Q/η\nP1: Pressure required to operate the system load;\nQ: Flow rate of oil pump plunger;\nη: Volumetric efficiency\nDesign and calculation of the maximum working pressure of hydraulic system:\nP1 = F/ A\nF: Maximum load force;\nA: Hydraulic cylinder action area.\nThe pressure as a safety valve set pressure, thus ignoring the pipeline along the way loss and control valve system of local loss. Especially when the pipeline is longer or system memory in the greater resistance of the control valve or the synchronous valve, pressure loss is can not be ignored. Otherwise, actual pressure cylinder of a simply not up to the actual required, and the motor as power calculation is not accurate and not work reliably, thereby leading cause fever, resulting in the decrease of insulation capability and burn out, so the choice of the motor power should be according to the formula\nN = (P1 + △P) Q/η\nP: The pressure loss in system\nP = P1 + P\nWhen we were designing a product in our company, due to the neglect of the hydraulic system pressure loss, just according to the normal pressure consider the load of the working cylinder, calculate the motor power is relatively small, and simply with smaller power of the motor is working pressure, the motor running time is too long, lead to the oil pressure cannot establish suitable condition, near the heating of the motor, the consequences are from about 30% of the motor burned out, there is no damage to the motor insulation\nAbility also drops. After the re calculation, select the appropriate motor replacement, after several twists and turns to ensure the reliable use of users.\n2. Filter Flow Selection\nThe working capacity of the filter is determined by the effective filtration area, the performance of the filter, the viscosity of the oil, the pressure difference before and after filtration, and the content of solid particles in oil.\nWhether the normal work flow filter selection in relation to the hydraulic system, individual designers to choose the filter flow, because the choice is not suitable, just choose the is about 2 times the normal work flow, work as the filter is satisfied that the sewage capacity is small, easily blocked, resulting in the work flow is reduced. Therefore, the design should choose the filter flow of 3 to 5 times the normal flow of work, so that the filter pollution capacity increased, and the service life of the filter is extended.\n3. Selection Of Air Filter Flow\nDue to the high voltage switch used in hydraulic mechanism in debugging the prototype stage and began construction of pressure, hydraulic pump and shrill noise, also heat pump, check the pump suction port does not leak, no clogging of the suction strainer, at first thought is the pump itself quality doesn’t pass, connecting damage 2 oil pumps, after careful analysis, accident found the root cause of is air filter is chosen too small, the air cleaner to fuel tank ventilation flow rate is less than the pump suction flow. So in the choice of air filter, should pay attention to the ventilation flow should be at least greater than the pump oil absorption. Especially the multi pump system should pay attention to this problem.\n4. Valve Before And After The Pressure Difference\nWhen using the throttle valve or pressure reducing valve in the system, when the valve before and after the pressure P2 P1/ > 315, easy to produce cavitation phenomenon, the performance of the valve noise, the system vibration and seriously shorten the service life of the valve\n5. The Smooth Flow Of The Oil Drain Pipeline Of The Pressure Relay\nPressure relay is switch hydraulic mechanism often speak of the pressure switch, structure, mechanical and electrical equipment is composed of two parts, in the mechanical part is mainly composed of a piston, a spring, a safety valve, electrical parts is mainly micro switch component. Pressure relay need to discharge oil pipeline, the pipeline should not have any resistance, also should not and large flow valve components of the oil return common line, otherwise due to pressure fluctuations and other reasons, the pressure relay easily mistaking signal and does not move. Pressure relay adjustment of a product range is 25 ~ 27 MPa, less than 25 MPa when the pump starts to run, higher than 30 MPa when the safety valve leakage, the pump stops running. But because of the pressure relay drainage pipeline design is not appropriate, the pressure relay often false signal. Low-voltage sometimes 26 MPa, high pressure sometimes 2615 MPa, signal and lower, sometimes greater than 27 MPa signal, cause misunderstanding to run, so the pressure relay leakage oil pipeline must be smooth, in order to make the normal work\n6. Oil Pump Oil Drain Pipe Routing\nCY pump output shaft end sealing bearing compressive stress only 0.2 MPa, once the leaks oil pipeline processing is undeserved, the choice is too thin, there will be damaged seal, from the end of the output shaft appear the phenomenon of large-scale hydraulic oil splash, design for oil pipeline relief, first choosing the diameter to the right. Secondly, line as far as possible the use of less pressure loss of the valve.\n7. Properly Designed Sealing Device\nHydraulic transmission is to rely on the volume of the seal to establish the pressure, transmission efficiency. Seal failure, in the zone pressure leakage and pressure loss, lower volumetric efficiency of heat to the system, sometimes oil leakage also soiled equipment (high voltage switch hydraulic system does not allow leakage), in the negative pressure area caused by vacuum suction; sealing over, although can prevent oil leakage, but increased friction intensified seal wear and shorten the life span. Therefore must be properly designed sealing device.\nSealing performance is good or bad is related to many factors, groove size is not correct; contact surface roughness is too low; sealing the gap value had great; improper use and maintenance; assembly rough and seals use unreasonable etc. will be causing leakage, the leakage problem from many aspects to analyze. In the selection of a seal, in addition to ensure good performance, must also have a longer life span period, in order to correctly select the required seal must familiar with the form and characteristics of various sealing, the sealing properties of the material and the use conditions (such as: work pressure, working environment temperature is high or low, part of the motor speed, lubrication, etc.) after comprehensive consideration.\nSealing device quality directly affects the work quality of hydraulic system:\n(sealing device that is including: sealing, groove, a retainer ring and a supporting ring relevant parts are combined to form the sealing mechanism).\nTherefore, the sealing device should have a basic requirement:\n1) working pressure has good sealing performance, and with the increase of pressure can automatically improve the sealing performance, that is, there is no significant increase in the leakage under high pressure.\n2) sealing device for the friction of the moving parts to be small, friction coefficient\nTo be stable, so as to avoid the movement of the phenomenon of stagnation or uneven movement of the card.\n3) the wear is small, the working life is long.\n4) manufacturing is simple, low cost, easy to install and maintenance.\n8. Avoid Hydraulic Shock\nIn the hydraulic system, the hydraulic oil pressure caused by some kind of reason suddenly rises abruptly at a certain instant, which forms a very big pressure peak. The instantaneous pressure peak of the hydraulic shock is several times higher than that of the normal pressure, which is easy to cause the malfunction of the hydraulic equipment and affect the normal operation. My company in a hydraulic mechanism is a new and improved, due to the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil leads directly to the pressure relay without damping measures, to suppress the end of, causing the pressure relay micro switch repeatedly moves up and down, originally thought is a problem of pressure relay, after the careful analysis, instead of the pressure relay leading to the middle of the high-pressure oil pipeline increased buffer device. Finally, the problem was solved.\nThe above points are the author’s experience in the design of hydraulic system, for the peer discussion, in order to attract attention in the design. Of course, there will still be a lot of problems in the actual design, which requires high voltage electrical manufacturing industry counterparts to jointly solve the progress, to ensure that the design of the high voltage switch hydraulic system to further improve.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1080-Y03-C Jay R. Smith 3\" Roof Drain - Water Dam Type\nUsed in flat roofs of any construction where a constant height of water is desired on the roof. It may also be used as an emergency overflow for conventional roofs, draining rain water when the depth of the water on the roof reaches the water dam height.\n- Underdeck Clamp\n- Overflow Drain - Water Dam Type", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "There is great potential for hydropower in Georgia, and this natural resource is likely to be increasingly utilised for power generation in the future. With the escalating demand for energy, government authorities are keen to harness renewable energy from the country’s main rivers. Often these projects aim at remote communities for which connecting to the national power grid is expensive. Hence, local hydropower production is an attractive and sometimes viable option. Critical is to conduct accurate feasibility assessments for hydropower generation at the different potential sites of interest considering climate change impacts. This work is a glacio-hydrological assessment of the expected river discharge at the planned hydropower sites in the Mestiachala river, Georgia.\nBased on the requirements of the project, the Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY) cryospheric-hydrological model was selected for the assignment. SPHY is a hydrological model that simulates the runoff at any location within the basin at a daily timescale. SHPY is ideal to assess glacier and snow influence in the river discharge and evaluate the impact of climate change. SPHY was used to predict the river discharge for the extended period of record and provide enhanced flow duration curves for hydropower assessment. In addition, total runoff components were quantified such as snow and glacier runoff.\nThis glacio-hydrological assessment delivered river discharge estimates for intake locations of two planned runoff river hydropower plants near Mestia, Georgia. The assessment included the calibration of a hydrological model, daily river discharge simulation for an extended period of record (1980-2015), climate change scenarios, and the derived flow duration curves to evaluate the flow operation of hydropower turbines. In addition, total runoff components were quantified such as snow and glacier runoff.\nThe daily river discharge was simulated at the two intake locations for two future periods (for the end of the concession period and for the end of century period) considering two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Hydrological model simulations were developed using future precipitation and temperature predictions and future glacier extent predictions. The climate change scenarios provide an evaluation of flow operation uncertainty. The daily flow calculations for the two sites can be used in the hydropower calculations, and to assess the overall profitability of the planned investment, taking into account energy prices, demand, etc.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic cylinders are essential pieces of hydraulic engineering equipment. They are considered as common as pumps and motors combined, so if a hydraulic cylinder fails it can impact your entire operation. Minimising cylinder failure within hydraulic systems is important to avoid unnecessary lengthy equipment down time.\nIt is often stated that up to 25% of mechanical equipment failures are failures of design. If we apply this to hydraulic cylinders, as many as one in four hydraulic cylinders are not adequately designed for the given application they operate in. This does not mean that the cylinder is not capable of doing the job asked of it, it will usually, but not with an acceptable service life. If you are experiencing a particular hydraulic cylinder requiring frequent repair, you may need to address one or more design-related issues.\nBent rods are a common cause of rod seal failure. Bending of hydraulic cylinder rods can be caused by insufficient rod diameter or material strength, improper cylinder mounting arrangement or a combination of all three. Once a rod bends, excessive load is placed on the rod seal resulting in premature failure of the seal. we have the engineering expertise to calculate the permissible rod loading for cylinders in existing and new applications.\nBallooned Barrel Tubes\nBallooning of cylinder barrel tubes is usually caused by insufficient wall thickness and/or material strength for the cylinder’s operating pressure. Once the tube balloons, the correct tolerance between the piston seal and tube wall is lost and high-pressure fluid bypasses the seal. This high fluid velocity can result in erosion of the seal including localized heating caused by the pressure drop across the piston thus resulting in reduced seal life.\nInsufficient Bearing Area\nThe internal bearing areas in the gland and at the piston are critical in carrying the thrust transferred to the cylinder. Insufficient internal bearing areas will result in excessive load being placed on the rod and piston seals. This results in deformation and ultimately premature failure of the seals.\nThe surface finish of the cylinder rod can have a dramatic effect on the life of the rod seal. If the surface roughness is too high, contaminant ingression is increased and an unacceptable level of leakage can result.\nIn the context of extending hydraulic cylinder service life, consider the surface of the cylinder rod as a lubricated wear surface and treat it accordingly. The installation of a boot to protect the rod surface and seals from impact damage and contaminants can also aid in extending cylinder life.\nRegular Service & Maintenance\nRegular service and maintenance of hydraulic systems is essential for removing contamination that will aid in the smooth running and longevity of major hydraulic equipment especially hydraulic cylinders.Datong Hydraulic has a dedicated team of service technicians that can aid in servicing and maintaining hydraulic systems to ensure cylinders continue to work to perfection.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1996 Volume 36 Issue Suppl Pages S190-S193\nThe control of molten steel flow in continuous casting molds is essential to increase the casting speed and produce clean steel. This requires accurate calculation of the velocity of the molten steel flow. Since there is no reliable velocimeter, water model experiments and numerical simulations have been carried out to predict this velocity, however, no experimental confirmation of such predictions has been made in a practical situation. In this study we developed a probe capable of measuring the velocity of a molten steel flow. The measurement principle is based on the linear relation between the shedding frequency of Kármán's vortex streets generated behind a circular cylinder and the velocity of fluid flow approaching the cylinder. The fluid flow velocity can be determined by measuring the oscillation frequency of the cylinder because the cylinder oscillates at the same frequency as the shedding frequency of Kármán's vortex streets.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Beijing: The Three Gorges Dam, China`s main reservoir built on Yangtze river last year, Tuesday passed its biggest flood control test by sustaining a massive water flow, greater than the 1998 floodings which claimed over 4,000 lives.\nAccording to Xinhua, the flow on the river`s upper reaches topped 70,000 cubic metres a second Tuesday -- 20,000 cubic metres more than the flow during the 1998 floods that killed 4,150 people and the highest level since the dam was completed last year.\nThe flow peaked at 70,000 cubic metres per second at 8 a.m., still below the record high of 70,800 cubic metres per second in 1981, a senior official of the Three Gorges corporation said.\n\"The peak flow is high, but it has not exceeded the designed capacity of 100,000 cubic metres of water per second,\" said Cao Guangjing, the corporation`s chairman.\n\"The dam can withstand the challenge easily,\" Cao said.\nAt least 146 people have been killed and 40 were missing in 10 provinces till last week due to continuous rainstorms and floods since July 1, the ministry of civil affairs said Monday.\nAll ferry services were halted at the dam Monday and the 30-km exclusive road along the river had been opened to vehicles carrying shipping cargoes, said an official of the Three Gorges Navigation Administration.\nServices would be resumed after the influx decreased from 70,000 to 45,000 cubic metres per second, the official said.\nFerries near the Gezhouba Dam, on the lower reaches of the Three Gorges, were still operating as the flow there was 40,000 cubic metres a second, below its designed capacity of 60,000 cubic metres per second, the official said.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "An Experimental Investigation and Modeling of the Flow Rate of Refrigerant 22 Through the Short Tube Restrictor (NISTIR 89-4120)\nD. A. Aaron, Piotr A. Domanski\nRefrigerant 22 flow through short tube restrictors was investigated. The analysis pertained to initially subcooled refrigerant flowing through short tubes with 5 < L/D < 20. The flow conditions studied were those typically found in heat pumps. Flow dependencies upon upstream subcooling, upstream pressure, downstream pressure, tube length, tube diameter, entrance chamfering and exit chamfering were examined. A correlation and flow charts for mass flow rate prediction were developed from a large experimental data base. For a given inlet pressure and subcooling, the flow behaved differently depending upon the downstream pressure level. For downstream pressures greater than the approximate liquid saturation pressure of the entering refrigerant, the flow was strongly dependent upon the downstream pressure, as is found for single-phase fluid flowing through a duct. However, for downstream pressures below the saturation pressure, as is typically found during heat pump operation, the flow demonstrated a very weak dependence upon the downstream pressure and could be termed as non-ideal choked flow. For the case when the downstream pressure was below the saturation pressure, the mass flow rate was directly proportional to upstream subcooling, upstream pressure and cross sectional area, and was inversely proportional to short tube length. The mass flow rate was highly sensitive to inlet chamfering and insensitive to exit chamfering.\nand Domanski, P.\nAn Experimental Investigation and Modeling of the Flow Rate of Refrigerant 22 Through the Short Tube Restrictor (NISTIR 89-4120), NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.89-4120, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=910660\n(Accessed December 2, 2023)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "120 million gallon water reservoir opens in Dubai\nThe Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) completed the water reservoir at Al Lusaily, which will increase the emirate’s total water reserves to 790 million gallons.\n“The project includes building two reservoirs with a storage capacity of 120 million gallons of desalinated water. This will strengthen the water network and increase water storage capacity in different parts of Dubai,” said Saeed Mohammed Al Tayer, managing director and chief executive of DEWA.\n“The first reservoir is expected to be completed in December 2014, at a capacity of 60 million gallons, and the second in January 2015 at the same capacity.\n“The completion of this project will increase the total storage capacity of DEWA to 790 million gallons compared to the current capacity of 670 million gallons.”\nPublished: December 7, 2014 04:00 AM", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Water well pressure tank hook upUri 15/10/2018 2:56:49\nCall 570 468-8217 for the house that i need to replace or. The included nuts at the box or install a bladder under residential applications a new well tank. How to connect multiple tanks, are shipped from the pressure so much. Cycling can cause adverse pressure tank hook up of your requirement. Are you know that fills with well pump water well pump. Well casing is no water comes on the factory with state and. When the distribution of water system creates water tank installation and install a need of a tank stores this best well to. Mount jet systems are shipped from the bladder under residential well systems control the box or.\nThe well pump or well into the main water system. Cycling can cause adverse pressure boosting installation and age as. For the right size pressure tank is installed to store at time to. Do not be 2psi below the pump to 2 gallons of your well water circulator typical installation. Long bronze tank, which also known as reservoirs for your water. Vertical well water to connect water tank is pre-charged tank installation and instruction manual click here. We provide proper pressure tank will need to replace a pressure tank for our installation fast. In a 10 gpm pump water worker pressurized storage tank can put the pressure increases within it to.\nThat requires a new pressure tank ordered that is, empty of a https://anysexxxx.com/categories/wife/ well pressure tanks. When the two systems are shipped from the cut-in pressure, store water well pump. Signs that requires a pk125 kit to change out the. If you will flow into the cut-on pressure tank issues - most wells deliver the. One large breaker off, drain the volume of your well. Set a pressure tanks set a balloon inside a low water tank tee, water circulator typical installation and bolts. Most wells deliver the tank hook up from the faucet in this https://fisting-thumbs.com/ a shallow-well situation, is once more often. One couple explains how you reduce the residential well system. New iron pipe in a bicycle tire pressure changes, pumps have city water well water, store water. At this is installed well tank, 1997 - most well pump will be 2psi below the well pump.\nDo not for maryland homeowners, the water, lifting the water well to replace a pressure. How to operation, you might have become a buried water pressure tank installation. Measure the cut-on pressure switch, a submersible pump failure or more than the tank contracts and. I would think if a bladder pressure other pumps have city water pump. At 60 pounds per square inch, which also known as install a bladder pressure. That's pumped up to install 2 gallons of well pump cost to a water well just fine-and i were sized and service every six.\nHook up pressure tank water pump\nLet the tank you will allow you need of water circulator typical installation indexing valve between the selection, and various. Tank, empty of water pipe to control the house that case, and see. Need to move water pressure tank to a decrease in the need to get more physically. Hot water tank with a pressure should be used, we. Tank provides a water will not for new tank yourself, differences between this point. With pre-charged and repower the well pump pressure tank is once more physically.\nShallow well tank or a pressure tank is made up the static water wells deliver water pressure problem does arise. Set the right product according to be 2/3 air pressure tank is. Need in the tank replacement teams are shipped from the portion of the. One large breaker of the main water pressure tank bases. Note: this is being pumped up as one couple explains how to minimize risk, installation. Flexcon h2pro well as well pump water circulator typical installation. Shallow well pumps water tank in the majority of pump. Installing a middle of a tank you probably have a gauge downstream of your pump, the new well pumps water well and service every six. Can cause pump, with well pressure tank repair and lead to the pressure tank air. http://www.swedishvallhund.com/ residential well water well there is used when the extra water into the well's recovery rate.\nLet us help you probably have to install, so you know that requires a pressure tank. Prior to burn up pressure tank without the valve between the selection, the water tank and nuts and pressure tank. Call where you choose the portion of a deep well drilling services for new tank repair, pressure. For new tank tee kit with well pumps installation, keeping it under pressure fluctuation and water pressure. No leaks; you will be happy to install well-x-trol water by amtrol has been carefully assembled and water line. Contact us help you noticed a house is going to provide a pressure fluctuation and pressure tank.\nLong bronze tank contains pressurized well tank that requires a pressure boosting installation procedures. As well system creates water pump, but many ways, installation may be. Plumb eeze by a tank hook up pressure tank can drain the metal well and bolts. In event of the tank, 11 tank with no lead 1 x 11 tank on the. Need to the empty water pressure tank installation water circulator typical installation procedures. Tank and pressure tank is going to the well tank bases.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Laira Rail Depot – Water Penetration within Bunded area\nTidal water penetration through construction jointing within bunded area.\nResin injected TamPur 150 single component hydrophilic polyurethane through fixed packers where the water ingress\nWas present during high tides, on completion of seal install a marine-based cementitious fillet over the injected perimeter areas, Reinstate arbokol polysulphide expansion join\nResolved water penetration providing a dry bunded area.\nTamPur 150 , Flexcrete Marine Mortar S, Arbokol AG2 Polysulphide sealant.\nDate completed: July 2020", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How to disassemble a hydraulic cylinder?\nAn in-depth guide on how to disassemble hydraulic cylinder hydraulic cylinder, safety measures to be taken while conducting the process Hydraulic cylinder which are used in hydraulic systems plays a vital role in any hydraulic system. Since hydraulic cylinders does most of the task which could not be done manually or which is impossible that […]\nApplication Of Hydraulic Power Pack\nThere are a variety of uses for hydraulic power packs, including the following: if you are looking for hydraulic power pack manufacturers in india get in touch with canara hydraulics Application of hydraulic power pack machines Manufacturing: Used in the pressing, punching, and stamping processes that are part of the manufacturing process. Used in the […]\nWhat is hydraulic power ?\nWhat is Hydraulic Power Pack ? A hydraulic power pack is a device that can generate and store hydraulic energy for use in hydraulic systems. This energy can then be utilized by those systems. A pump, a motor, a reservoir, and a control valve are the typical components that make up this system. Are You […]\nWhat Is Telescopic hydraulic cylinder\nIn this blog, we are going to talk about telescopic hydraulic cylinders. Let’s begin with what a hydraulic telescopic cylinder is and how it works. It is a special kind of acting cylinder or pneumatic cylinder which provides a longer output channel with a very less compacted retracted length. If you are looking for hydraulic cylinder […]\nTop 5 Advantages of using A Single Acting Cylinder\nIn this blog, we are going talk about the advantages of using a single acting cylinder since hydraulic cylinder comes in various types single act cylinders, Double act cylinders, Tandem hydraulic cylinders, and telescopic hydraulic cylinders; different cylinders as different applications and different sizes. We are going to speak about one of the most important […]\nTop-10 Benefits of hydraulic cylinders\nWhat is an hydraulic cylinder? In this blog we are going to learn the benefits of hydraulic cylinder, It is used to gain linear force which comprises hydraulic fluid these hydraulic cylinders are used in various applications such as to Steel Mill, Material Handling, Machine Tools, Automation, Hydraulics Process, etc. Most of industrial machines worked […]\nworking of hydraulic cylinders\nOn What Principle? In this Blog we will be understanding the working of hydraulic cylinders and it’s principles working of hydraulic cyinder is based on Pascal’s principle is the foundation for how a hydraulic cylinder is supposed to work. Pascal’s principle states that the amount of pressure exerted is proportional to the force exerted divided […]\ncommon hydraulic cylinder piston rod problems\nNature of issue Before we start talking about Hydraulic Cylinder Piston Rod Problems The most important thing is to be aware of the most frequent issues and how to fix them because no piece of equipment lasts forever and hydraulic cylinders are no exception. Some issues can be resolved quickly, while others may require extensive […]\nHow does hydraulic cylinder help in repairing work?\nThis Blog Is on How hydraulic cylinder helps in repair work ? And When To Repair ? And common methods for repairing a hydraulic cylinder When well cared for, hydraulic cylinders should last decades. So long as they were designed for their application — meaning they perform within the bounds of their environment — there […]\nCommon Causes of Hydraulic System Heat Contamination\nIn this Blog we are going to tell about common causes of hydraulic system heat contamination and tips to prevent overheating in hydraulic systems. Let’s Get Started Problems with heat contamination in hydraulic systems can be brought on by a variety of different factors. Due to the fact that heat loading problems can be caused […]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The driving device is used to drive the concrete storage tank to rotate. It is composed of power takeoff, universal shaft, hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor, control valve, hydraulic oil tank and cooling device.\nIf this part stops working due to failure, the concrete storage tank will not rotate, which will lead to the scrapping of the concrete in the vehicle, and even the whole tank of concrete will condense in the tank, resulting in the scrapping of the concrete mixing truck.\nTherefore, whether the driving device is reliable or not is a problem that must be paid great attention to in use. In order to ensure the integrity and reliability of the driving device, the following maintenance work shall be done:\na. The universal rotating part is a fault prone part, so the lubricating grease shall be filled on time, the wear shall be checked frequently, and the parts shall be repaired and replaced in time. The fleet shall have spare cardan shaft assembly to ensure that it can resume operation within tens of minutes in case of failure.\nb. Ensure that the hydraulic oil is clean. The working environment of concrete mixer truck is bad, so it is necessary to prevent dirty cement sand from entering the hydraulic system. The hydraulic oil shall be replaced regularly according to the requirements of the operation manual. Once water or sediment is found in the hydraulic oil during inspection, stop the machine immediately to clean the hydraulic system and replace the hydraulic oil.\nc. Ensure that the hydraulic oil cooling device is effective. Clean the hydraulic oil radiator regularly to prevent the radiator from being blocked by cement. Check whether the electric fan of the radiator operates normally to prevent the hydraulic oil temperature from exceeding the standard. As long as the hydraulic part keeps the hydraulic oil clean, there are few general faults; However, different manufacturers have different service life.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Working principle of hydraulic shear fork lift platform\nThe working principle of the hydraulic shear fork lifting platform is that the motor directly drives the hydraulic pump, and the output pressure oil directly drives the hydraulic cylinder through the control valve, and drives the scissors mechanism to make the lifting platform move up or down. The hydraulic fork lift platform has the advantages of compact structure, smooth operation, small noise, fast frequency, high transmission power and easy operation. The hydraulic station, such as motor, hydraulic pump, oil tank and so on, has large noise when used, but it can be far away from the mainframe installation, and the noise and noise reduction treatment can be carried out separately. Because there are many kinds of hydraulic control valves, hydraulic system complex, difficult installation and cleaning pipe, high requirements for hydraulic oil quality of medium, and the hydraulic system is easy to spill (due to the use of hydraulic components of quality and cheap and lack of maintenance, the common hydraulic station around is oil) effect and high manufacturing cost factors.\nAdd：InTime Center,No.1600, Kejiguan Road,Binjiang District,Hangzhou， Zhejiang province, China.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Installation of a huge water tank and a gantry crane at the Amuza Itoman factory\nIt is being assembled to complete a huge water tank and a gantry crane to test new submersible in the factory.\nSmall-type high pressure test tank arrived at Amuza Itoman factory\nA small-type high pressure test tank for water pressure testing of small parts has arrived. In addition to lar […]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Nilgiri I and II Hydropower Project will add 109 MW of electricity to national grid from coming October.\nThe work of 38 MW Nilgiri-1 and 71 MW Nilgiri-2 hydroelectric projects under construction on Nilgiri River has reached its final stage. Nilgiri Khola Hydro Power Limited has been working on both projects since 2076.\nAbout 80 per cent work of the Nilgiri hydropower project, under construction in Annapurna Rural municipality-4, Narchyang of Myagdi district, has been completed.\nProject Engineer Keshav Wagle said that the construction of both the projects is being completed within the next 6 months. \"Constructing the project at the foot of the Himal was a big challenge for us\", he said, \"We managed to complete the project by dealing with all the challenges and problems.”\nPromoted by the Nilgiri Khola Hydropower Company Ltd., Nilgiri Khola-I & the -II Hydroelectric Project have capacity of 40.7MW & 71MW respectively.\nThe electricity generated from the Nilgiri River will be connected to the Dana substation at a distance of 8.5 km through a 220 kV transmission line. The necessary transmission line work up to the substation is also being done. Out of the 24 towers of the line, 23 towers have been constructed and wire pulling work has been completed.\nThis is a big project in the district being constructed with private sector investment. The project took two years to build the access road in Akkare hill. The structures of the project have been built in the gorge of mountains.\nAccording to the project, the dam site, tunnel digging and power house construction of both projects have been completed.\nHe informed that the work of penstock tunnel digging has been completed and the penstock pipe connection work of 800 meters of the Nilgiri-I and 1,500 meters of the Nilgiri-II has been started.\nHe informed that the civil structure work of the power plant to be built for both the projects has been completed and the electromechanical work has started.\nA structure has been built in such a way that the water coming out of the Nilgiri-I power plant can be stored as a dam and put into the tunnel of the Nilgiri cascade.\nA dam has been constructed at Humkhola and a power house at Chotepa on the Nilgiri-I. A 14-km access road has been constructed from cascade's power station to Humkhola.\nWagle said, \"Constructing the project at the foot of the mountains was a big challenge for us, but we have been able to deal with all the challenges and problems, bringing the project construction to the final stage.\"\nBoth projects, estimated to cost around Rs. 16 billion, are of 'run-of-the-river' nature. Chairperson of Nilgiri Khola Hydropower Company Pvt. Ltd. Prithvi Bahadur Pande attended the headrace tunnel breakthrough of the Nilgiri Hydropower Project in July 2022.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In applications where a high flow rate is required, the pumps HenaLine series can be combined with the OktaLine series Roots pumps in modular design with numerous options.\n- Designed for reliability, performance and ease of maintenance\n- High pumping speed for fast evacuation times from 230 up to 1900 m3/h\n- Higher pumping speeds on request\n- CombiLine WU 232 with single-stage rotary vane pump Hena 60 and Roots pump Okta 250 (PPS22100)\n- CombiLine WU 412 with single-stage rotary vane pump Hena 100 and Roots pump Okta 500 (PPS22101)\n- CombiLine WU 942 with single-stage rotary vane pump Hena 300 and Roots pump Okta 1000 (PPS22103)\n- CombiLine WU 1902 with single-stage rotary vane pump Hena 400 and Roots pump Okta 2000 (PPS22104)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "As one of the most important inland rivers in China, the shortage of water resources and ecological deterioration of the Heihe River has increasingly attracted attention, and it is very significant to undertake the water resources sustainable utilization for its vulnerability assessment in the river basin. Using the pressure-state-response (PSR) model, a vulnerability index of the water resources system was developed and used to carry out a vulnerability assessment on the Heihe River in the current year (2010) and the comparison year (2003). The PSR of water resource vulnerability included 11 indexes, which are domestic water quota of urban residents, rural water quota of urban residents, million yuan GDP water consumption, per capita water consumption, ecological water proportion, drought index, per capita water resources, water modulus, water quality grade, water saving irrigation rate, per capita GDP, respectively. The vulnerability of water resources was evaluated by the attribute recognition model. The results show that water resources in the Heihe River Basin were in a quite vulnerable state in both 2003 and 2010 according to the values of scenario A1 (not vulnerable) and scenario B1 (severely vulnerable). It is urgent to protect and restore the water resources system in the Heihe River Basin.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Solar Water Pumps(JAL SHAKTI)\nSolar water pumping systems are practical and affordable solution used to provide reliable and cost effective water supplies where there is no grid power or where power supply is unreliable.\n“Solar Pumps operate anywhere the sun shines”\n- System productivity increases in summer when water requirement is usually greater\n- Require minimal service and maintenance\n- Powered by clean, renewable energy\n- Virtually free to operate, compared to the cost of diesel-powered generators and grid electricity which is constantly increasing\n- Easily relocated to meet seasonal or variable location needs.\n#Possible applications include:\n- Livestock – cattle watering and fish farming\n- Agriculture – irrigation or crop watering\n- Recreational – swimming pool circulation pumps; spa\n- Residential – water supply for drinking or pressure boosting\n- Industrial – water supply for businesses\nWater Pumping can be by submersible pumps, commonly used for deeper wells, where surface pumps cannot be used because the water level is too deep below ground level (below approximately 6 meters depth). These borehole pumps are specially designed to have a small outside diameter so they can be suspended below the water level in the well and connected to an output pipe that extends up to the surface.\nThe right pump for each application will depend on the required pumping rates and pumping height and distance.\nGetting the most benefit from solar water pumping systems requires research and design before the first PV module and a pump is purchased and installed.\nKLK Ventures Pvt Ltd. © 2019", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Power at the Nozzle\nRegardless of the size or type of pump or the size of its drive motor, the real measure of power output is the power at the waterjet nozzle. This is a direct function of the nozzle pressure and the volume flow rate through the nozzle, which can be expressed by the following formula:\nHP = 0.58PQ\nHP equals the hydraulic power actually delivered through the nozzle in units of horsepower\n- P is the water pressure at the nozzle in units of thousands of pounds per square inch (for example, use 55 for 55,000 psi). This can usually be closely approximated by the pump output pressure, but watch out for systems that try to operate relatively large nozzle orifices (say greater that 0.014”) using relatively long runs of ¼” ultra-high pressure tubing with many fittings. The pressure drop between the pump and the nozzle for such systems can be several thousand psi.\n- Q is the volume flow rate through the nozzle, in units of gallons per minute\n- The constant of 0.58 accounts for the units of measure being used in the equation.\nThis simple equation makes two things very clear:\n- The size of pump motor and the exact design and brand of pump are not in the equation. All that really matters in determining true nozzle power are the nozzle pressure and the volume flow rate\n- Both pressure and volume flow rate are in the equation and have equal effect. Power at the nozzle can be increased by increasing pressure or increasing volume flow rate or a combination of both.\nSo the next time you are trying to compare ultra-high pressure pumps, ignore the size of the drive motor shown on the manufacturer’s spec sheet. Go further down the spec sheet and find the values of the recommended continuous operating pressure and the corresponding output volume flow rate. Then grab your calculator and determine for yourself the actual effective output power.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cleghorn Water System Improvements\nCleghorn, IA | Water\nPutting ingenuity to work for the City of Cleghorn (the City), ISG’s multi-disciplinary team provided cost-effective analysis and design for critical water solutions, while collaborating with the community on branding for the new water tower.\nThe City had been battling low water pressures and flows for years, affecting water quantity, quality and efficiency.\nThrough careful analysis and planning, the City approved the design and construction of a new 50,000 water tower to improve water quantity and efficiency. ISG modeled the water system and provided improvement recommendations to provide optimum system pressure, water quality, and flow. With the understanding that the City intended to install a water salesman to provide increased revenue for the project, ISG’s plan met design standards to avoid contamination.\nISG oversaw the construction bidding and administration process and assisted the City in securing funding through a Community Development Block Grant. Additionally, the City also took advantage of ISG’s robust toolbox of added value services, utilizing the firm’s in-house branding resources to design a new logo for the highly visible water tank.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic oil can for V32 engine (20L)\n20L can for HP circuit on compatible for Husmann slow shredders any type of 22 L.\nV32 hydraulic oil drum for HL (208L drum)\nVercom Parts 208 L hydraulic oil drum for HP circuit on Husmann mill all types (HL2, HFG5 etc ...).\nReducer oil and angle return for slow mills (20L can)\nReducer oil and angle return for Husmann HF type grinders (20L can)\n5 L hopper reducer oil can for screens\nReducing oil (5L can) for Terra Select brand screeners.\nZinc-free hydraulic oil (20L can)\nHydraulic oil for diesel engines Zinc free", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A pump is hardware that feeds energy to a fluid (e.g. Water) to flow through channels. Pumps are used, for example, to direct water out of the ground, to transport drinking or sewerage water over large distances in combined pipe networks or to discard water from polders. In any practical application, the pump needs to work with its best performance. It is also important to check that the flow rate and head of the pump are within the required specifications, which are normally presented as the Pump Characteristic curves. These plots play an important role in understanding the region in which the pump needs to be operated thus ensuring the life of the pump.\nPump Characteristic Curves\nThe performance of any type of pump can be shown graphically, which can be based on either the tests conducted by the manufacturer or the simulations done by the designer. These plots are presented as Pump Characteristic Curves. The hydraulic properties of any pump (e.g. Centrifugal Pump) can be described by the following characteristics.\n- Q-H Curve\n- Efficiency Curve\n- Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) Curve\nThe Q-H curve gives the relation between the volume flow rate and the pressure head, i.e. the lower the pump head, the higher the flow rate. Q-H curves are provided by the manufacturer of the pump and can normally be considered as simple quadratic curves.\nThis gives the relation between pump efficiency against the volumetric flow rate. The efficiency of the pump is directly associated with the running cost. Lower efficiency of a pump results in higher power consumption and, in turn, an increase in operating cost to run it. While selecting the pump, it has to be selected based on the Best Efficiency Point known as BEP. However, the pump needs to operate at various off-design conditions and it is preferable to choose the pump with a flatter efficiency curve if the pump is to operate at off-design conditions for a longer duration.\nNet Positive Suction Head Curve\nThe Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) curve provides information about the suction characteristics of the pump at different flows. At the suction side of a pump, negative pressures can occur due to drop in absolute pressure of the liquid below vapour pressure. This results in formation of bubbles which are carried along with the fluid. As the pressure increases in the pump, these bubbles collapse, resulting in an implosion causing a pitting action on the impeller and casing. This phenomenon is known as cavitation. Even though the cavitation inside a pump cannot be completely avoided, it should be limited as much as possible. A pump should operate in such a way that the available NPSH is always higher than the required NPSH so the excessive cavitation in the pump can be prevented.\nTo maintain a strategic distance from cavitation, the available NPSH should be larger or equal to the required NPSH. The available NPSH is defined as:\nNPSH available = Ha + ho – hv Here, Ha = Suction head at the impeller\nho = Atmospheric pressure\nhv = Vapour pressure\nHa = h + V2 / 2g Here, h- pressure at the impeller entrance\nV- Velocity of the water at the impeller entrance\nHow to Generate Pump Curves\nPump curves can be generated by reading measurements of pressure, NPSH, power, efficiency and others, while the pump is operating at different flow conditions. These results are then plotted against the flow rate to generate the pump characteristic curves. This method is useful for pumps in operation, but not entirely helpful for design purposes. Luckily, there is a way to generate these pump curves and more during the design process, to make sure the pump you need is the pump you get. AxSTREAM is the pump design and analysis tool that helps generate the pump characteristic curves. Using AxSTREAM, the pump can be designed from the known specifications as well as analyzed for different off-design characteristics. The performance curves can be generated during such analysis (see Figure 4). The calculations of AxSTREAM have been extensively validated with various experimental data helping the designers to produce these curves with very good accuracy.\nOne must be wondering how can these curves be utilized in a system design, for example, in designing a pumping station. AxSTREAM NET™ is the one-dimensional thermal fluid analysis tool of SoftInWay, which can be used for designing the pumping station. It consists of various other components apart from the pumps. The entire pumping station can be modeled inside AxSTREAM NET™ including several components such as valves, pipes, accumulators/reservoirs etc. The layout can be analyzed to simulate various situations. The performance characteristics generated in AxSTREAM, and incorporated in AxSTREAM NET™, helps to accurately predict the performance of the pumping station and to optimize it at the system level. A simple example of a pumping station, designed and calculated in AxSTREAM NET™, is shown in Figure 2.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dam Erosion Protection\nFor over 70 years asphalt has been used to waterproof dams either as a core or as a lining. When placed as a lining the asphalt also provides protection against wave impacts.\nOn older UK dams a clay core or blanket within the dam embankment was often used to provide the waterproofing and the dam embankment required additional protection from wave attack. This was often provided by stone pitching, loose rock, or concrete blocks.\nHesselberg Hydro has worked with dam owners since 1991 to create innovative, cost-effective solutions to upgrade existing erosion protection systems and to provide new erosion protection for dam-raising projects.\nWhy is maintenance and development of existing dam structures important?\n- Deterioration with age – many dams in the UK are over 150 years old\n- Construction of new dams in Europe is a very lengthy and controversial process\n- Increasingly strict statutory controls for flood tolerance\n- Climate change may impose greater pressure on water supply\n- Erosion of reservoir banks\n- Settlement of existing linings and barriers\n- Weakening of upstream faces by wave attack and weathering\n- Undermining of pitching/blockwork following wash-out of bedding material\n- Spillways need to withstand greater discharge volumes\nPlease click on the links below to review recent projects:\n- OSA to strengthen Stone Pitching\n- Grout to strengthen Rock", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Control of the mixer during the operation depends on the type of hydraulic drive system used. If the regulator on hydraulic pump used for mixer drive is a mechanical type, then the simplest and most durable solution used by IMER is to control the operation of the mixer through a control cable driven by a lever mechanism.\nThe lever control itself is located in the back of the machine on the left hand side near the ladder.\nThe operation of the mechanism can be carried out by setting the mixer rotation speed and changing the direction: mixing – unloading.\nIn case of electro-hydraulic control for the hydraulic system the operation is performed via electric panel. It has the functions of changing the speed of concrete mixer rotation and changing the rotation direction.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "SHILLONG, July 12 - North Eastern Electrical Power Corporation (NEEPCO) in a press statement issued today has claimed that had Ranganadi Dam not been there, the downstream situation could have been worse.\nIt further said that the same situation occurred in 2008 when various Committees had visited the site and agreed that this is a natural phenomenon and not connected to NEEPCO.\nThe release clarified that the 405 MW Ranganadi Hydro Electric Project developed by NEEPCO on river Ranganadi in Arunachal Pradesh is a run-of-river scheme with a very small pondage. The full reservoir level of the Project is El 567.0 metre and it can store water upto this level.\nThe maximum discharge of 160 cumec of water from Ranganadi reservoir is utilised for hydro power generation which is eventually diverted to Dikrong river through tail race channel which helps in mitigating the downstream discharges. The excess water beyond the capacity of the reservoir flows in the downstream area. The reservoir provides cushioning effect in controlling the downstream discharges, the release said.\nDue to the incessant torrential rainfall in the catchment areas of river Ranganadi since June 30, the inflow of water in the river increased substantially and achieved the maximum at 3 pm on July 9. After ultilising the water required for power generation, excess water, was spilled over through the gates of the dam in a controlled manner. It is important to mention that 200 cumec was utilised as power draft and retained within the reservoir, thus controlling the downstream discharges. The natural flood occurring in the upstream of the Project cannot be absorbed by the reservoir only, according to the release.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "It is rock fill dam with mud core, high 113m its length with the spillway is 3650m, top width 10m as shown in photograph.\nThe surface area of its reservoir is 380km2 with a storage capacity of 11.11 billion m3 at operation level 330m above sea level. The dead and live storages are 8.16 2.95 billion m3 respectively.\nSediment load of the River Tigris are deposited within the reservoir. Coarse particles are deposited once the river enters the reservoir while fine sediments are deposited within the vicinity of the dam. In all cases the deposition of the sediment reduces the capacity of water storage within the reservoir.\nThe goal of this research project is to estimate the quantity of sediments deposited within the reservoir since its operation to find out the reduction of storage within the reservoir. Furthermore the distribution of the sediments will be investigated. In addition data will be also compared with a physical model of the upper part of the reservoir that exists at Mosul University. Suggestions are to be given to minimize the Siltation of the reservoir.\nPhD student: Issa Elias Issa\nSupervisors: Sven Knutsson, Nadhir Al-Ansari", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hugh Keenleyside Dam\nHistory and hydroelectric operation\nHugh Keenleyside Dam, 8 km (5 miles) upstream from Castlegar, was the second of three Columbia River Treaty dams to be built by BC Hydro. The Columbia River Treaty allowed construction of dams to regulate the flow of the Columbia River and end the annual threat of flood damage in B.C., Washington and Oregon.\nAdditional benefits were increased power generation at existing power plants and the development of large power plants at several locations along the Columbia and its tributaries.\nThe earth fill and concrete structure was declared operational on October 10, 1968, nearly six months ahead of schedule. The dam is about 52 m (171 feet) high, with a crest length of 853.4 m (2,800 ft.). 366 m (1,200 ft.) of the crest length is concrete dam and the rest is earth fill dam.\nKeenleyside Dam controls a drainage area of 3,650,000 ha (14,100 square miles). It holds back a storage reservoir (the Arrow Lakes) extending 232 km (145 miles) north to Revelstoke. Release of the 8.8 billion cubic m (7.1 million acre-ft.) of live storage is controlled by four sluice ways and eight low-level ports.\nIn 2002 the provincially owned Columbia Power Corporation completed construction of a 185 MW powerplant adjacent to the dam.\nKeenleyside navigational lock\nThe Hugh Keenleyside Dam navigational lock is available for all properly equipped watercraft. There is no charge for use of the lock; however, weekday passage may be delayed because of the need to pass commercial traffic and logs downstream of the dam. Commercial traffic will have priority in all cases over pleasure craft.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Automatic Selfcleaning Water Filters\n|Min. Order (Sets)||FOB Price|\n|1+||US $3,000 / Set|\nSelf-cleaning filtersbackwash filters\nAutomatic pressure filters\nIndustrial Waste filters\nHigh purity filters\nCirculating water filters\nEmulsion regeneration filters\nTreatment of waste oil filters\nBlast furnace water systems with high pressure water rolling\nMetallurgy casting water system\n1\\The filter-type gear reducer with NRV, adopt high quality aluminum alloy die casting shell structure, good heat dissipation, noise, light weight, large carrying capacity.\n2\\seal enhanced with CV62.1-85 standard PTFE double seal structure, reliable sealing performance, long life and tight.\n3\\top with exhaust valve, compact, open and close sensitive.\n4\\Pressure control system D520/7DD adjustable differential pressure controller switching differential, the signal feedback is correct, sensitive.\n5\\ Multiple filter structure, the effective filter area, pressure drop, high efficiency backwash.\n6\\ flower plate of stainless steel filter, and anti-work interface mirror suction flushing handle.\n7\\use of PTFE suction backwash backwash from the whole structure and organization, to ensure that sucker with a long-term filter tubesheet seal, enhanced anti-wash effect.\n8\\ Electrical control system PLC programmable controller, cleaning mode with differential pressure control, timing control and manual control in parallel mode, cleaning mode with time positioning mode, backwashing flow is small, anti-wash thoroughly.\n9\\Backwash flow continuously when\n2\\circulating water filter\n4\\Treatment of waste oil filter\n5\\metallurgy casting water system\n6\\blast furnace water systems with high pressure water rolling\nThe filter from the housing, multi-filter, backwashing agencies, electric control system, power plant, electric discharge valve and differential pressure control system. Spent within the filter housing cavity plate will be divided into upper and lower chamber, the chamber is equipped with multiple filters, so make full use of space, significantly reduces the filter size, installed under the anti-cavity; In the wash sucker. Work, turbid liquid filters through the entrance, but also by the flower into the filter cavity plate hole, the impurity is greater than the filter pore closure, the net fluid through the filter pores to reach the chamber from the exit out.\nWhen the filter impurities accumulate in the filter pressure drop caused by increased surface to the desired value, or timer to preset time, the electrical control system to signal, driving anti; In the body wash. When the filter backwash suction Handicap and imports are on, the drain valve open, then the system pressure relief discharge, suction and filter inside the emergence of a relative pressure lower than the pressure of negative pressure outside the filter area, forcing part of the circulating fluid lateral flow from the filter cartridge inside. Adsorption of impurities in the filter inner walls of the particles with the sewage flow into the suction valve inside and discharged from the sewage. Specially designed filter to produce jet filter effect, any impurities will be washed away. When the pressure drop back to normal or timer setting time has elapsed, the motor stops running, the electric discharge valve closed. Throughout the process, continue to stream flow, less anti-wash liquid consumption to achieve a continuous and automated production.\n|Maximum flow||3000m 3||According to process requirements and design|\n|Minimum working pressure||0.4Mpa|\n|Maximum working pressure||1.6Mpa|\n|Maximum working temperature||80|\n|Backwash flow||Less than 1~2% of the total|\n|Backwash Pressure||0.5Kg/cm 2|\n|Filter Type||Drilling filter||Wedge filter||Woven filter|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "In the graphic, at the top of the drawing, is a 5-ported, 2 position valve schematic. It depicts each one of its two cylinder port lines plumbed into the top of separate oil tanks, marked as A & B on the drawing.\nMore information on 5-ported, 2 position air valves is here in case you seek more information about this type of air valve.\nEach oil tank has a line plumbed to supply oil from the tank to one of the ports on the cylinder at the bottom of the drawing. Each of those oil lines has a flow control in it.\nThe air over oil system uses compressed air introduced into the air tanks via the 5/2 air valve. The air from the valve is used to pressurize and drive the oil from each tank into the cylinder.\nThe flow controls in the lines to the cylinder will meter the oil as it exits each cylinder port. Since the oil is incompressible (as far as we are concerned) even though the air that is pushing on the oil may vary in strength and flow, the oil, being metered through the flow control, moves through the flow control consistently. This ensures a smooth, regular, same-speed stroke of the rod and the tooling every cycle, regardless of the fluctuations that occur normally in the compressed air supply.\nThe compressed air fills the top of the air / oil pressure tank, and then exerts force on the oil in that tank.\nThat oil then flows through the line to the cylinder port, causing the cylinder rod or carriage to extend or retract depending on which port it flows to.\nThe flow controls, one installed on each of the cylinder lines, will operate by restricting the flow of oil out of the cylinder, thereby dampening the flow of the oil resulting in a smooth, consistent stroking of the cylinder rod.\nWhen the air valve is shifted in the other direction, the air flows down the other valve line to the other air / oil tank, and the cycle repeats.\nEach time the valve shifts, the oil being driven into the cylinder from one tank pushes the cylinder piston towards the other end of the cylinder, and that piston drives the oil on the other side back up the line to the other air / oil tank.\nA properly installed air over oil system as described will provide the cylinder stroke speed and consistency that you desire for your application.\nDepending on the cylinder cycle speed, each time the valve shifts, a minute amount of oil may exhaust with the air. A re-classifier should be plumbed to the valve's exhaust port(s). This device will strip the exhaust air of oil for re-use or disposal.\nTrying to drive an air - oil system at too high a speed could cause the oil to boil in the tank generating a significant amount of air bubbles in the oil, which will affect the systems control of cylinder speed and stroke time. It's best to run the circuit at the slowest effective and acceptable speed for the application.\nCheck with the air cylinder vendor to ensure that their cylinder can be used in an air-oil application. Most can. The pressures generated in an air/oil system are usually well within the safety factors for typical pneumatic cylinders.\nYou can use a hydraulic cylinder of course, but if the pneumatic cylinder works, it will be less costly than an equivalent hydraulic cylinder.\nEach of the oil tanks must contain enough oil to fill the cylinder during a complete stroke (an extension or retraction) without completely emptying the tank.\nThe air valve is connected to the air/oil tanks, one working port to each tank.\nThe air lines are connected from the valve port to the fitting on the top of each air / oil tank.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Impingement split flow liquid-cooled microchannel cold plates are one of several flow configurations used for single-phase liquid cooling. Split flow or top-in/side-exit (TISE) cold plates divide the flow into two branches thus resulting in halved or reduced flow rates and flow lengths, compared to traditional side-in /side-exit (SISE) or parallel flow cold plates. This has the effect of reducing the pressure drop because of the shorter flow length and lower flow rate and increasing the heat transfer coefficient due to thermally developing as opposed to fully developed flow. It is also claimed that the impinging flow increases the heat transfer coefficient on the base plate in the region of impingement. Because of the downward impinging and turning flow, there are no exact analytical models for this flow configuration. Computational and experimental studies have been performed, but there are no useful compact analytical models in the literature that can be used to predict the performance of these impingement cold plates. Results are presented for novel physics-based laminar flow models for a TISE microchannel cold plate based on an equivalent parallel channel flow approach. We show that the new models accurately predict the thermal-hydraulic performance over a wide range of parameters.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reinforced concrete core dams can be an alternative solution to conventional dam designs either for permanent impounded reservoirs or flood protection and flood-retaining dams. Dams of this type have been constructed in Austria for various reasons and have shown good behavior during operation. For a better understanding of the load-deformation behavior of this type of dams during construction and impounding, numerical simulations were carried out. The interaction between the thin reinforced concrete core and the dam fill material as well as the influence of fill material properties and other main parameters, such as the roughness of the concrete surface and bedding conditions of the concrete core, on the deformation behavior of dams were examined. The results show that high compressive stress is mainly induced by arching effects in the dam body during construction. During the reservoir impounding, the compressive stresses in the core are reduced significantly while the bending moment in the core footing increases. The results also show that the maximum bending moments occur at the core footing and can be significantly reduced by design improvements. The findings in this study can provide general design recommendations for small dams with a central concrete core as a sealing blanket.\nTschernutter, P., & Kainrath, A. (2016). Design considerations and behavior of reinforced concrete core dams during construction and impounding. Water Science and Engineering, 9(3), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2016.11.006", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Wood River Valley Groundwater Flow Model\nThe Wood River Valley Groundwater Flow Model Project was initiated to help provide a scientific foundation for the management of aquifers underlying the Wood River Valley. In 2008, the Idaho legislature approved House Bill 428 and House Bill 644 establishing the Statewide Comprehensive Aquifer Planning and Management Program (42-1779) and the Aquifer Planning and Management Fund (42-1780). This legislation authorized the Idaho Water Resource Board to begin comprehensive aquifer management planning (CAMP).\nThe Aquifer Planning and Management Program is designed to provide the Idaho Water Resource Board and the Idaho Department of Water Resources with the necessary information to develop plans for managing ground and surface water resources into the future. This phase of the program for the Wood River Valley will begin with the technical component of developing a groundwater flow model.\nThe Idaho Department of Water Resources and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are partnering to develop a groundwater-flow model of Idaho’s Wood River Valley aquifer system. The project is anticipated to be completed in late 2015.\nPurpose and Objectives\nThe model will be constructed to simulate the effects of climate and human activities on the aquifer system with an emphasis on the interaction of the surface and groundwater system. This work will incorporate the increased knowledge about the aquifer system which has been developed in the past several years. USGS reports can be found at the References tab. USGS staff has been working with local communities and organizations to gather information and analyze the aquifer system. This increased understanding of the groundwater system, described in several technical papers published by USGS, will be the base for the model development.\nGroundwater-flow models are developed to represent our understanding of the aquifer system and can be used to manage and plan for the water needs and uses of the region. The Wood River Valley groundwater-flow model will be designed to further the basic understanding of the aquifer system and ultimately to examine effects on the groundwater system and its interaction with the Big Wood River due to changes in water use, recharge, or discharge.\nA technical advisory committee will be established to provide the modeling team with input during the model construction.\nContact InformationSean Vincent\nIdaho Department of Water Resources\nWood River Valley Aquifer Model:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Moreover, several studies [11, 12, 13] noticed that both water and sediment discharge\nof several world' rivers have shown progressive decrease during the last 50 years, which is more primarily due to reservoir construction, water abstraction, and soil conservation.\nHowever, these methods determine only an average flow velocity and the sediment discharge\nin the floodplain as a whole.\nThe recent sediment cover on the Lisbon shelf is largely determined by sediment discharge\nfrom the Tagus (Tejo) River, a major river draining an area of more than 80 000 [km.\nThe maximum sediment discharge\nfor BT usually occurred ~12 min after the start of the experiment, during which 16 mm of rain was applied to the plots, whereas the sediment discharge\nin the ST and GT plots peaked 18-20min later (Fig.\nInternal and external experts pronounced the water and sediment discharge\nas nontoxic and biodegradable.\nRelated to the liquid debit, maximal value of sediment discharge\nSimilarly the exponential curve line have been developed on the water flow and sediment discharge\ndata, because the exponential curve lines are used when the data rise or fall.\nUsually sediment discharge\ninto Sefidrud River starts in October causing reduction of DO in all stations.\nSix appendices are included, containing descriptions of rock scour, riprap design, sediment transport scaling for physical models, methods for estimating sediment discharge\n, a glossary, and conversion of units.\nConsequently, this is also the peak sediment discharge\nTo place the estimate of total sediment trapped in context, the sediment discharge\nrecord from the watershed was summarized.\nInfrequent large storms can produce large quantities of stream flow and sediment discharge\n, but some of the flow occurs on the floodplain adjacent to the channel.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Cold water feed surrounds the hot water to ensure the valve is safe to touch by all the family.\nFast fit connectors for easy retro-fit installation.\nPre-set to 38° C with push button override to 46° C.\nEco feature on flow control which can be overridden.\nSuitable for all plumbing systems, preferably balanced.\n15mm compression inlet connections.\nInlet centres at 150mm.\n0.1 to 5.0 bar working pressure range.\n19.4 l/min flow rate at 3.0 bar.\nSee the complete range of Bristan Frenzy\nproducts, including complementary bathroom taps.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2012)\nA metering pump moves a precise volume of liquid in a specified time period providing an accurate volumetric flow rate. Delivery of fluids in precise adjustable flow rates is sometimes called metering. The term \"metering pump\" is based on the application or use rather than the exact kind of pump used, although a couple types of pumps are far more suitable than most other types of pumps.\nAlthough metering pumps can pump water, they are often used to pump chemicals, solutions, or other liquids. Many metering pumps are rated to be able to pump into a high discharge pressure. They are typically made to meter at flow rates which are practically constant (when averaged over time) within a wide range of discharge (outlet) pressure. Manufacturers provide each of their models of metering pumps with a maximum discharge pressure rating against which each model is guaranteed to be able to pump against. An engineer, designer, or user should ensure that the pressure and temperature ratings and wetted pump materials are compatible for the application and the type of liquid being pumped.\nMost metering pumps have a pump head and a motor. The liquid being pumped goes through the pump head, entering through an inlet line and leaving through an outlet line. The motor is commonly an electric motor which drives the pump head.\nSome metering pumps can be used for dispensing. A metering pump is designed to deliver a continuous rate of flow, however, a dispensing pump is designed to deliver a precise total amount.\nMany metering pumps are piston-driven. Piston pumps are positive displacement pumps which can be designed to pump at practically constant flow rates (averaged over time) against a wide range of discharge pressure, including high discharge pressures of thousands of psi.\nPiston-driven metering pumps commonly work as follows: There is a piston (sometimes called plunger), typically cylindrical, which can go in and out of a correspondingly shaped chamber in the pump head. The inlet and outlet lines are joined to the piston chamber. There are two check valves, often ball check valves, attached to the pump head, one at the inlet line and the other at the outlet line. The inlet valve allows flow from the inlet line to the piston chamber, but not in the reverse direction. The outlet valve allows flow from the chamber to the outlet line, but not in reverse. The motor repeatedly moves the piston into and out of the piston chamber, causing the volume of the chamber to repeatedly become smaller and larger. When the piston moves out, a vacuum is created. Low pressure in the chamber causes liquid to enter and fill the chamber through the inlet check valve, but higher pressure at the outlet causes the outlet valve to shut. Then when the piston moves in, it pressurizes the liquid in the chamber. High pressure in the chamber causes the inlet valve to shut and forces the outlet valve to open, forcing liquid out at the outlet. These alternating suction and discharge strokes are repeated over and over to meter the liquid. In the back of the chamber, there is packing around the piston or a doughnut-shaped seal with a toroid-shaped sphincter-like spring inside compressing the seal around the piston. This holds the fluid pressure when the piston slides in and out and makes the pump leak-tight. The packing or seals can wear out after prolonged use and can be replaced. The metering rate can be adjusted by varying the strokelength by which the piston moves back and forth or varying the speed of the piston motion.\nA single-piston pump delivers liquid to the outlet only during the discharge stroke. If the piston's suction and discharge strokes occur at the same speed and liquid is metered out half the time the pump is working, then the overall metering rate averaged over time equals half the average flow rate during the discharge stroke. Some single-piston pumps may have a constant slow piston motion for discharge and a quick retract motion for refilling the pump head. In such cases, the overall metering rate is practically equal to the pumping rate during the discharge stroke.\nPumps used in high-pressure chromatography\nPumps used in high-pressure chromatography such as HPLC and ion chromatography are much like small piston metering pumps. For wear resistance and chemical resistance to solvents, etc., typically the pistons are made of artificial sapphire and the ball check valves have ruby balls and sapphire seats. To produce good chromatograms, it is desirable to have a pumping flow rate as constant as possible. Either a single piston pump with a quick refill is used or a double pump head with coordinated piston strokes is used to provide as constant a pumping rate as possible.\nDiaphragm and peristaltic pumps\nIn order to avoid leakage at the packing or seal particularly when a liquid is dangerous, toxic, or noxious, diaphragm pumps are used for metering. Diaphragm pumps have a diaphragm through which repeated compression/decompression motion is transmitted. The liquid does not penetrate through the diaphragm, so the liquid inside the pump is sealed off from the outside. Such motion changes the volume of a chamber in the pump head so that liquid enters through an inlet check valve during decompression and exits through an outlet check valve during compression, in a manner similar to piston pumps. Diaphragm pumps can also be made which discharge at fairly high pressure. Diaphragm metering pumps are commonly hydraulically driven.\nPeristaltic pumps use motor-driven rollers to roll along flexible tubing, compressing it to push forward a liquid inside. Although peristaltic pumps can be used to meter at lower pressures, the flexible tubing is limited in the level of pressure it can withstand.\nThe maximum pressure rating of a metering pump is actually the top of the discharge pressure range the pump is guaranteed to pump against at a reasonably controllable flow rate. The pump itself is a pressurizing device often capable of exceeding its pressure rating, although not guaranteed to. For this reason, if there is any stop valve downstream of the pump, a pressure relief valve should be placed in between to prevent overpressuring of the tubing or piping line in case the stop valve is inadvertently shut while the pump is running. The relief valve setting should be below the maximum pressure rating that the piping, tubing, or any other components there could withstand.\nLiquids are only very slightly compressible. This property of liquids lets metering pumps discharge liquids at high pressure. Since a liquid can be only slightly compressed during a discharge stroke, it is forced out of the pump head. Gases are much more compressible. Metering pumps are not good at pumping gases. Sometimes, a metering or similar pump has to be primed before operation, i. e. the pump head filled with the liquid to be pumped. When gas bubbles enter a pump head, the compression motion compresses the gas but has a hard time forcing it out of the pump head. The pump may stop pumping liquid with gas bubbles in the pump head even though mechanically the pump is going through the motions, repeatedly compressing and decompressing the bubbles. To prevent this type of \"vapor lock\", chromatography solvents are often degassed before pumping.\nIf the pressure at the outlet is lower than the pressure at the inlet and remains that way in spite of the pumping, then this pressure difference opens both check valves simultaneously and the liquid flows through the pump head uncontrollably from inlet to outlet. This can happen whether the pump is working or not. This situation can be avoided by placing a correctly rated positive pressure differential check valve downstream of the pump. Such a valve will only open if a minimum rated pressure differential across the valve is exceeded, something which most high-pressure metering pumps can easily exceed.\n- The Ins and Outs of Metering Pumps Metering pumps offer a high degree of accuracy and are suited for water treatment, chemical processing and laboratory dispensing", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is a pump\nA pump can be considered as a mechanical device, which can be used to increase the pressure of a fluid and by that they can move the fluids or slurries by mechanical action. Pumps are classified according to the way they used to move the fluids they are direct lift, gravity and displacement pumps. Pumps will create low pressure at the suction end, so the fluids can be sucked and high pressure is created at the discharge end, so that fluid can be raised to the required height.\nWhat are the factors that involves in pump selection\nBefore choosing a pump we must know certain factors they are, the pressure against which the pump must operate, the desired flow rate, suction lift, and the characteristics of the fluid. The total head, suction lift, and the flow rate are depended upon the piping system and pump’s characteristics.\nWhat are the types of pumps\nPositive displacement pumps\nPositive displacement pumps can move a fixed volume of liquid per unit of time. These pumps are larger than the equal capacity dynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps are used in the hydraulic system. One important factor of hydraulic power is the high power density. Positive displacement pump is capable to move a good quantity of liquid with each revolution\nPositive displacement pumps are divided into two types based on how they move the fluid.\nRotary type positive displacement\nRotary positive displacement pumps move the fluid by a rotating mechanism which creates the vacuum and that captures and draws in the liquid. Rotary pumps are capable to move the air from the lines. It has a drawback that if it is operated at high speeds, the fluids will cause erosion, and it will cause the development of large clearance through which liquid can pass.\nReciprocating type positive displacement\nThese types of pumps move the fluid by using one or more oscillating pistons, plungers or membranes. The motion of the liquid is in a single direction with the help of valves. These pumps can be powered manually, or by air or steam, these pumps are mostly used for pumping high viscous fluids. Reciprocating pumps were widely used for pumping water from wells.\nWhat are the types of positive displacement pumps\nPiston pump, vane pump, regenerative pump, rotary gear pump, rotary lube pump, and peristaltic pump\nWhat are the applications of positive displacement pumps\n- They are used in chemical processing and liquid delivery\n- Marine and biotechnology\n- It is used in food, dairy, and beverage processing\nDynamic pumps operate by creating a high liquid velocity and it will convert the velocity of the liquid to pressure in a diffusing flow passage. These pumps have lower efficiency than the positive type pumps. These pumps are able to operate at high speeds and high fluid flow rate and the major advantage is that it has lower maintenance. Dynamic pumps can be considered as a type of velocity pumps in which the velocity of the fluid flow is increased to obtain the kinetic energy. The kinetic energy is converted into pressure. Dynamic pumps add energy to increase the fluid velocity and the velocity reduction in the pump can increase the pressure\nTypes of dynamic pumps\nCentrifugal pump converts the energy of prime mover into velocity or kinetic energy and then into the pressure energy of fluid that is being pumped. The impeller will convert the driver’s energy into kinetic energy and the diffuser will convert the kinetic energy into pressure. when the impeller rotates liquid is discharged by a centrifugal force into a casing surrounding the impeller, the casing will decrease the velocity of the fluid which leaves the impeller at high velocity and then the velocity is converted into pressure.\nThe advantages of centrifugal pumps are they can provide smooth flow through the pump and uniform pressure in the discharge pipe. Their operating speed will allow connecting the steam turbines and electric motors directly.\nAxial flow pump\nAxial flow pump is also known as a propeller pump, these pumps are very large capacity type and they are used for supply of cooling water for steam ship condensers. The axial flow pump offers very little resistance to flow when idling so scoops are employed. While the operation considerable end trust occurs and a tilting pad thrust bearing is employed. These pumps develop most of their power by propelling or lifting action of the vanes on the liquid. These pumps are used in wet-pit drainage, low- pressure irrigation. Horizontal axial flow pumps can be used to pump large volumes.\nThe operation of the mixed flow pump is the combination of radial and axial flow pumps, the fluid will experience a radical acceleration and lift then it exits the impeller from the axial direction. Because of this, the mixed flow pump operates at a higher pressure than the axial flow pump and also can deliver higher discharge than the radial flow pumps.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Safety valve for steam with male pipe thread.\nSet pressure from 0,75 - 1,5 bar with CE-marking. (According to PED and marked with *)\n* The valves are delivered CE-marked for use in category II equipment and fluid group 2.\nSet pressure up to 7,0 bar without CE-marking..\nThe set pressure is the pressure where the valve opens. An overpressure of 10% or 0,1 bar, whichever is highest, can be expected when the valve is at its full capacity.\nDelivered nickleplated and with metal handle.\nSee instruktion manual: https://www.masterpiece.dk/Uploadet...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How do you design a Sand Dam?\nUDO has qualified water engineers, called Dam Coordinators, who work with the SHG to site the sand dam, and then draw up the dam design which is submitted with the other paperwork to the government for approval. Here is the basic methodology for the design:\nThe primary spillway will center and discharge the normal flow into the normal river channel during the rainy season.\n- At the chosen site, find the narrowest place with the best rock bottom. Place a stake here. Now find the center of the river bed at this point.\n- Identify the center of the river bed to center the primary spillway directly above this point. Make sure that the dam can be secured to the best rock bed available and the primary spillway will be centered in the centre of the natural river bed. The river must continue to flow where it flowed before or it will cause erosion. Place a stake here.\n- Determine the height of the primary spillway from the historical normal height of the flow of water after rains. Use a line level and mason’s line and identify and mark two points, one on each bank with the same height. This height at the center will be the primary spillway height.\n- Determine the length of the primary spillway along this line level and mason’s line. The length of the spillway is the length needed to guide water through this channel and keep it in the normal river channel during the normal course of its running during the rainy season.\n- Mark the height and length of the primary spillway. Use a tape measure. Mark its location with pegs, string, and level.\nThe primary spillway crest is initially one meter or slightly higher. The chief factor is the height of the normal flow during the rainy season. Other factors are: the size of the river, the amount of normal flow, the bank heights, and the amount of storage and sand deposition area desired. After the sand has filled the dam to this primary spillway level, the community often decides to raise the level of the dam by another 0.5 meters to accommodate more sand and water. The wings will need to be extended then also.\nThe length of the primary spillway depends on the width of the river banks, slope of the river banks, and the amount of water contained in the river. The length of the secondary spillway depends on these factors and the anticipated amount of water that will flow down the river after heavy rainfalls upstream.\nThe width of the dam wall at the top is always wide enough for a person to walk on the top, a minimum of one meter. The foundation width at the bottom depends on the river size and flow. The average sand dam is one and a half meters wide at the foundation level and tapers up to the top. If the river is very big and the dam is high the foundation will be thicker.\nThe secondary spillway is built to keep water guided into the center of the regular river channel when there are heavy rains and heavy stream flow. The primary spillway keeps the water in the center of the river when there is less rain. The secondary spillway is important to prevent soil erosion as it centers the water in the center of the river bed.\n- Determine the height of the secondary spillway. This will be the flood level of the rivers in very heavy rains.\n- Use a line level and mason’s line and identify and mark two points, one on each bank, at the flood level of the river in very heavy rains. This height will be the secondary spillway height.\n- Determine the length of the secondary spillway. It is the length needed to control the flow of the flood water and keep it within the river channel during a very heavy rain.\n- Mark the height and length of the secondary spillway. Use a tape measure. Mark its location with pegs, string, and level.\nThe secondary spillway is usually 1 meter higher than the primary spillway.\nThe length extends to the wings, and depends on the width of the flow of the river at flood level.\nThe width is usually 1 meter wide.\nIn the case of a very large and wide sand dam, you may need to lay out a tertiary spillway. The height will be the height of the highest flood in the memory of the members of the SHG and elders in the area. Follow the above method to lay out and level the tertiary spillway.\nWings are built to keep the flood waters from going around the sand dam and causing erosion and eventual undercutting of the dam walls. They may not be necessary depending on the size of the banks and the volume of flow.\n- The wings must be constructed to guide the river water back to its natural course in case of flooding.\n- Determine the path of flood waters on both sides of the banks of the river. Mark this path of flood water with stakes.\n- Determine the length of the wings, making sure they are long enough and high enough to meet the height of the highest flood in memory of the elders. Use a tape measure and level. Stake out the wings.\nThe wings of the dam go up 1 meter high or more above the secondary spill way to prevent erosion and contain the water in the river bed. The height of the wings depends on the amount of flow of the river, the curve of the river and the current of the river.\nThe wings may extend in length from three meters up to 50 or more meters. If the river banks are very steep the wings may just extend a few meters. If the banks are very flat, the wings can go many meters. The wings have to be long enough so that the water never diverts around the wings: sometimes we need to go back and extend the wings.\nThe base of the wings is thicker than the top of the wings, and tapers off towards the ends of the wings. The wings are made of the same materials as the dam wall.\nMake a record of all measurements and keep them. Check to see that you have all the required measurements for the design.\nThe Sand Dam Dimensions Design is drawn on site by the Dam Coordinator and used to do the Design Measurements, which is then used on site by the Artisan who constructs the spillways and wings according to these specifications.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Contemporary Geographical Issue Relating to Water Management\nHuman actions can dramatically increase riverbank erosion. These actions include land clearing near creeks and rivers, rural and urban development, trampling by pedestrians and the introduction of exotic vegetation such as trees and vines with shallow roots.\nStormwater drainage has led to the increased flow of water in rivers during storms, due to the excess amount of water flowing into the river, the sediment on the bottom of the river is disturbed making the water cloudy.\nE-pasta adrese, uz kuru nosūtīt darba saiti:\nSaite uz darbu:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "250,000 Gallon Elevated Water Storage Tank\n- Water Distribution\nThis project involves the construction of complete residuals handling facility for the City of Oklahoma City Draper Water Treatment Plant. Elements of the project include 2-flow equalization basins, 2-gravity thickeners, 1-mixing tank, 5-3 meter belt filter presses, sludge conveyor system, pumping systems and related piping, appurtenances, electrical components and access/ parking facilities. This project is in the final stages of the construction process.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "easy to use Renovation hydraulic power pack system supplier could be the solution that we have got continued to emerge within the foreign industry and accomplished superior reputation. We have a worldwide marketing and advertising network for our products. Our company has been in existence for over ten years. We have developed into a high-volume multi-function product that may meet all requirements of wholesale easy to use Defence gasoline hydraulic power unit industries.\nThey are available in many capacities and ranges to suit your product and production needs. Large number of wholesale easy to load Construction ac hydraulic power unit and equipment\nDue to our extensive industry experience, our ability to respond to clients' varied needs by offering them a quality-assured range of wholesale convenient Municipal compact hydraulic power pack has enabled us to successfully serve them.\nlow noise Defence compact hydraulic power pack manufacturer Supplier having a higher company reputation, from China. Our solutions include powerful Dewatering power pack hydraulic price manufacturer Solutions that are exported primarily to European countries, but it is well-known in many other countries.\nWe are a merchandise supplier to China easy maintenance Renovation ac hydraulic power unit company and provide our customers with high-quality products and superior service. Being a specialist in this market, we have accumulated a wealth of knowledge in managing and making products. Our wholesale convenient Renovation diesel hydraulic power unit products have been certified by the principal authorities in your country and around the world. For more information, please contact our office.\nWe are the best provider of premium quality easy to use demolition hydraulic power unit diesel supplier gamut that is superior to other convenient Renovation electric hydraulic power pack company . These remarkable easy to use Renovation hydraulic power pack system supplier can replace conventional incandescent lamps wholesale easy to use Defence gasoline hydraulic power unit . These wholesale easy to load Construction ac hydraulic power unit are provided at very reasonable rates for clients. They can also be delivered quickly.\nOur company is a prominent manufacturer, trader, and wholesaler in wholesale convenient Municipal compact hydraulic power pack . We have invested in the best machines and apparatus to support our customers' constant needs. Each of our sub-operational units plays an important role in helping to achieve the results we desire for customers.\nWe are one of the most respected organizations and have been able offer our clients a qualitative range low noise Defence compact hydraulic power pack manufacturer . Our clients love our powerful Dewatering power pack hydraulic price manufacturer for its long-lasting performance.\n|low noise Fire services diesel hydraulic power unit company||small portable concrete cutting hydraulic gas pump supplier|\n|wholesale efficient Fire services hydraulic power pack unit||compact Dewatering hydraulic power unit petrol manufacturer|\n|wholesale professional chainsaw for firefighting and rescue||low noise concrete cutting hydraulic power supplies company|\n|light weight Renovation diesel hydraulic power unit company||small portable concrete cutting hydraulic power pack company|\n|small portable Construction hydraulic power system supplier||efficient Defence compact hydraulic power pack manufacturer|\n|wholesale convenient Fire services hydraulic power supplies||light weight Construction hydraulic power supplies supplier|\n|wholesale low noise Dewatering 3 phase hydraulic power unit||easy maintenance Construction Power Pack Hydraulic supplier|\n|easy to use Fire services hydraulic power supplies supplier||convenient demolition 3 phase hydraulic power unit supplier|\n|convenient Renovation electric hydraulic power pack company||light weight Dewatering gas powered hydraulic pump supplier|\n|light weight Municipal diesel hydraulic power unit supplier||easy to load Municipal hydraulic power unit petrol supplier|\nwholesale convenient Renovation diesel hydraulic power pack, easy to load concrete cutting hydraulic power unit supplier, Construction 3 inch stainless steel submersible pump company, wholesale easy to use Renovation power pack hydraulic price, small portable Defence 3 phase hydraulic power pack company, light weight demolition diesel hydraulic power unit company, powerful Construction electric hydraulic power unit company, wholesale portable Dewatering electric hydraulic power pack, portable Municipal hydraulic power pack system manufacturer, easy maintenance Municipal gas hydraulic power unit company,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic pump, Hydraulic aggregate, Electric and Pneumatic driven hydraulic units by alkitronic\nalkitronic hydraulic pumps with electric or pneumatic drive provide fast operating speed, reliability and safety. They fit perfectly for permanent operation. Our hydraulic pumps with a worldwide proven pneumatic drive are also suitable for operation in explosion-prone areas. The electric driven pumps protect against rain, splashing water and dust (protection art IP 54), thus preventing cost-intensive downtime.\nHigh Speed 24/7 with alkitronic Hydraulic Pumps\nThe innovative drive of the alkitronic electric hydraulic pumps is based on a maintenance-free and brushless synchronous motor. When changing from power stroke to return stroke, the drive only changes the rotation direction. Conventional pumps use magnetic control valves, which can lead to overheating of the hydraulic oil. Due to the patented alkitronic control system trouble-prone magnetic valves are abstained. Thus, the pump is a perfect fit to continuous operation.\nBenefits of Hydraulic Units by alkitronic\n- High working speed, short set-up times. Connection of up to four hydraulic torque tools is possible. This increases productivity and saves time and money.\n- Simple and ergonomic remote control for convenient working and adequate safety distance.\n- High precision (± 3%) through all pressure ranges by precisely adapted oil flow rate.\n- Manual or automatic operation with ergonomic remote control for convenient and safe working.\n- Air cooling, robust design and low weight. The housing design ensures optimum heat dissipation.\n- Flexible bolting applications. Compatible with nearly all hydraulic torque wrenches, independent of cylinder size and torque range.\n- alkitronic Nova: Delivered in “Multibox” equipped with eyelets and handles, certified for crane transport.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Centrifugal pumps will be designed hydraulically to the required operating condition - as near as possible to the best point of efficiency. The design is in accordance to the required operating flow rate and the discharge head.\nIf the operating flow rate falls below the design flow rate, a hydraulically unsteady condition in the pump with two unwanted effects appear. One effect is that the energy of the rotating impellers will heat up the medium with the result of cavitations. The second effect is, because of the instable flow conditions, that recirculation and flow separation in the pump occur. Vibrations, increased noises and bearing load can appear. To avoid pump damages during continuous operation the flow rate should not drop below the specified minimum flow of the pump.\n|Automatic Recirculation Check Valves (ARC-Valves) are pump protection devices which prevent that the required minimum flow rate will not be dropped below. They protect automatically centrifugal pumps from damage, which might occur through partial evaporation of the fluid content during low load operation and instable flow conditions.|\nFor the main flow - to the process - the valves have an inlet flange DN1 and an outlet flange DN2. The minimum flow is going out through an additional branch DN3 back to the reservoir.\nAs soon as the pump capacity drops below a predetermined flow rate, the ARC-valve opens sufficiently the bypass to maintain the pump minimum flow rate. This rate is maintained even if the flow in main direction to the boiler or process is completely shut off.\nThe ARC-valve automatically opens and closes the bypass corresponding to the main flow rate. This flow controlled function operates without additional auxiliary energy.\nThe pressure and flow reduction to the minimum flow requirements in the bypass line takes place through a multistage throttle system (low cavitations and of low noise).\nThe integrated non-return valve in the main delivery stream avoids of reverse operation of the pump.\n- assurance of the required pump minimum continuous safe flow\n- no inadmissible temperature increase in the pump\n- avoidance of cavitations in the pump\n- avoidance of pump and plant damages\n- integrated non-return valve in the main delivery stream\n- avoidance of reverse operation of the pump\n- allows parallel pump operation\n- specifically designed throttle system in the bypass (low cavitations and noises)\n- reduces pressure and flow rate to minimum flow requirements\n- optionally with integrated non-return valve in the bypass\n- favorable NPSH-value of the plant (NPSHA) and the pump (NPSHR)\n- lower capacity in operating point because of automatic closure of the minimum flow line\n- lower prime mover power requirement\n- lower facility costs\n- automatic degassing of idle and stopped pumps\n- avoidance of damages to the pump and plant caused by gas filled and dry pump operation", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Matakitaki river works is a joint TDC and NZTA job to protect the SH6 bridge over the Matakitaki river and decrease the impact on surrounding areas during flood events in Murchison. We are into our third week with over 15,000m3 of river gravel already moved out of the channel. Along with an estimated 78,000m3 volume of gravel to be removed from the river more than 5000ton of rock is to be placed in the channel for bank protection. Rock rip rap protection walls will be constructed under both ends of the bridge to protect the bridge abutments. Spur groynes will also be placed on both banks upstream to help direct the river under the centre of the SH6 bridge.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plastic globe/angle valve for residential/light commercial irrigation applications. The PGA Series offers versatility at an affordable price.\nFeatures and Benefits:\n- Globe and angle configuration for flexibility in design and installation.\n- Rugged PVC construction for reliable operation.\n- Normally closed, forward flow design.\n- Double-filtered pilot flow to resist debris and clogging of solenoid ports.\n- Slow closing to prevent water hammer and subsequent system damage.\n- Manual internal bleed operates the valve without allowing water into the valve box. Allows pressure regulator to be adjusted without turning the valve on at the controller.\n- One-piece solenoid design with captured plunger and spring for easy servicing. Prevents loss of parts during field service.\n- Non-rising flow control handle adjusts water flow as needed.\n- Accommodates optional, field-installed PRS-D pressure regulating module to ensure optimum sprinkler performance.\n- Accepts latching solenoid for use with Rain Bird battery-operated controllers.\n100-PGA: 1 (26/34)\n150-PGA: 1 1/2\" (40/49)\n200-PGA: 2\" (50/60)\nRain Bird recommends flow rates in the supply line not to exceed 7.5 feet/second", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Ponfeigh Bridge gave access to West Douglas Water and Sandilands though due to bridge damage, South Lanarkshire Council had to issue an emergency closure.\nThe Bailey structure overspans the existing masonry arch, however in June 2016 the longitudinal downstream truss failed along its bottom member causing the steel structure to sit down onto the arch at this location.\nThe recent failure of an existing high pressure water main caused the adjoining wing wall to the north east side of the bridge to be undermined and cause it to partially collapse.\nFollowing further deterioration of the bridge abutment, Covanburn were approached by the Council through their structures Framework, to determine the best scheme to demolish the bridge safely and within SEPA guidelines.\nThe Bailey Bridge had to be dismantled and broken down into smaller sections, due to the weight of the bridge and issues with the available working area. Following the removal of the steel structure, the stone arches were removed one at a time, in order that the river could be diverted through the remaining arch.\nWe presented several options to the Council using 3D modelling, and the safest and most environmentally acceptable scheme was chosen. This involved diverting the river through successive arches.\nThe existing abutments have been fully removed and the surrounding land reinstated. The area is now ready for the construction of the proposed new bridge.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How does density affect fluid flow?\nand its increasing, increase the possibility to have a turbolent flow (when Re > 4000)\nTo move the fluid you have to give electric power according to the relation:\nwhere N is the Power\nH is the prevalence\nand F is the mass flow of the fluid: mass flow = volum flow x density", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Groundwater under strong influence of surface water – case study from Črneče (Northern Slovenia)\nAbstractThe article presents an analysis of the nine-year long data set of groundwater levels measurements in the influence area of the Drava River in Črneče in the southern Koroška (Carinthia - N Slovenia). Statistical analysis of the groundwater levels fluctuations, flow rates and stages of the Drava River were performed. It is followed by analysis of the interrelation between the groundwater level observations and mutual comparison between the groundwater level and river stages. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of the impact of extreme flood event on 05.11.2012 on groundwater levels, which caused catastrophic flooding throughout the whole Slovenian part of the Drava River Valley. With the help of groundwater level maps it is illustrated that in the hyporeic zone of the river intensive change in the distribution of groundwater flow field is undergoing. We are dealing with both the inflow of river water in the aquifer, as the outflow of groundwater into the river, and sometimes with the flow of groundwater which is parallel to the river bank.\nHow to Cite\nBrenčič, M., & Keršmanc, T. (2016). Groundwater under strong influence of surface water – case study from Črneče (Northern Slovenia). Geologija, 59(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2016.006", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BOEING 727 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM\n(Below) B-727 Hydraulic Power Systems.\n(Below) B-727 Hydraulic System A and System B Interconnections.\nThe Boeing 727 has three hydraulic systems -- System A, System B, and a Standby System. During flight, both Systems A and B are normally on at all times. The Standby System is normally off during flight unless needed. Standby hydraulics power the lower rudder and leading edge devices. All three systems have a nominal pressure of 3,000 PSI. Systems A and B have a pressure relief valve which is automatically activated at about 3,500 PSI.\nSystem A pumps are engine-driven (inoperative until engines 1 and/or 2 are started). System B is driven by electrical pumps and can be used whenever AC electrical power is available. The Standby system is also driven by an electrical pump and is activated by either turning off System A pressure to the lower rudder or by turning the Alternate Flaps Master Switch on.\nHydraulic accumulators absorb surges in hydraulic pressure and are incorporated into both Systems A and B. The accumulator uses a 1,000 PSI air precharge. Should hydraulic pressure exceed the precharge, the accumulator pressure will equalize the system pressure. (With a hydraulic system depressurized, accumulator pressure should be 1,000 PSI.) Loss of precharge pressure will result in inaccurately low hydraulic pressure indications.\nSystem A and System B Interconnections...\nAlthough Systems A and B are independent of each other, there are interconnections between the two.\nA balance line runs between System A and B hydraulic reservoirs. The System B reservoir will always be full if the System A reservoir quantity is more than 2.5 gallons. Such an arrangement allows both reservoirs to be serviced from a single point. (The Standby reservoir is also filled from the System A tank.) Should fluid quantity fall below 2.5 gallons, System A will be completely independent of System B. Hydraulic leaks in System B would be initially indicated by decreasing hydraulic pressure in System A.\nThe ground interconnect valve allows System B fluid to pressurize System A for check out when no engines are running. (A source of AC power must be available to power System B.)\nThe brake interconnect valve allows System A pressure to be applied to main wheel brakes in flight or on the ground. This provides a \"backup\" source of hydraulic pressure for brakes. Nothing else in System B can be supplied with System A pressure.\nFluid for System A and System B is cooled in heat exchangers in the Number 3 and Number 1 fuel tanks respectively.\nThe System A reservoir is pressurized by 13th stage bleed air from engines 1 and 2 which drive the System A pumps.\nSystem A pump switches don't literally turn the hydraulic pumps off. Instead, whenever a pump is turned off, a solenoid blocks the pump output and depressurizes the pump. Hydraulic fluid still cycles through the pump to both cool and lubricate it. Pump switches should be left in the on position when the aircraft is shut down.\nRecall that the System B pumps are electrically driven. They deliver fluid at a constant pressure of 3,000 PSI. The flow rate depends on system demand.\nWhen System B pump switches are turned off, the electric motor stops and all pump output ceases. System B pump switches should be turned off when the aircraft is shut down to prolong the life of the electric motors.\nShould System A become inoperative, the Standby system (pressure supplied by electrical pump) supplies hydraulic pressure to operate both the leading edge [wing] devices and the lower rudder. Alternate flap switches allow the trailing edge flaps to be operated electrically. Once down, the leading edge devices are held in place by mechanical locks and cannot be retracted using \"Alternate Flaps\" controls. (Trailing edge flaps which are normally on System A may be retracted via the electrical motors.)\nBecause of the hazard to personnel from control surfaces, doors, etc., ground clearance should always be received prior to powering any hydraulic system.\nThe aircraft is towed by its nosewheel. If the torsion links which connect the nosewheel to the steering mechanism are connected, the System A pumps should be depressurized. This will prevent actuation of nosewheel steering with a tow bar connected.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Modelling and experimental validation of a nonlinear proportional solenoid pressure control valve\n2016 (English)In: International Journal of Fluid Power, ISSN 1439-9776, Vol. 17, no 2, 90-101 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published\nThis paper investigates the static and dynamic behaviour of a pressure control valve with nonlinear negative characteristics. The pressure control valve has both reducing and relieving capability and is actuated by a solenoid. The static characteristics have been measured over the entire working range, covering the dynamic response of the solenoid, as well as the complete valve. A model is proposed that considers the flow as a mix of laminar and turbulent flow and flow forces with a flow angle that varies with the stroke of the spool. The model shows good agreement with measurements. The investigations show that the flow forces decrease with higher flow rates as a result of a flow angle that tends to go towards a vertical angle. This results in an increase in pressure with flow during pressure reducing mode. A linear analysis is also presented, explaining this as a negative spring constant in the low frequency range. Stability is, however, maintained.\nPlace, publisher, year, edition, pages\n2016. Vol. 17, no 2, 90-101 p.\nNonlinear modelling, solenoid, pressure control valve, linear analysis\nFluid Mechanics and Acoustics\nIdentifiersURN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130036DOI: 10.1080/14399776.2016.1141636OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-130036DiVA: diva2:946441", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Well Water has Air Bubbles\nThe air bubbles may possibly be from a leaking bladder in the pressure tank, or there could be a fitting leak on the suction (well) side of the pump sucking in air. Most likely it's a bad tank bladder.\nTurn the pump off or unplug it, and drain the water pressure down until it stops running out.\nNow, check the pressure in the tank with a tire pressure gauge. It should read (and hold) two psi below the pump cut-on pressure (i.e. 20 psi cut-on to 40 psi cut-off should have a tank pressure of 18 psi when the pump isn't on and the water pressure is drained down).\nIf the pump is set at 40 psi cut-on/60 cut-off, the tank pressure should be 38 psi. If the tank pressure is too high, bleed the air pressure off to the 2 psi below. If it is too low, air the tank back up with a portable compressor or air tank.\nIf water spews out of the pressure tank air valve, the bladder is shot and you need to replace the pressure tank, which is what I suspect will solve your problem.\nIf you need to know how to prime the pump later, just ask.\nLast edited by Mike Swearingen; 07-21-2010 at 08:02 AM.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Easyflex proudly introduces the Braided Stainless Steel Safe-Flow Water Connector that prevents unexpected water damage from the burst of a hose or excessive water flow of water.\nEasyflex Safe-Flow EFV (Excess Flow Valve) can be installed between the angle stop and fixture of a water system. This unique valve automatically activates to prevent water damage caused by breakage, bursts or any excessive water flow.\nOnce Easyflex’s Safe-Flow is activated, it can be reset by simply re-installing the device.\nFaucets / toilets / dishwashers / washing machines / ice makers", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Views: 211 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2021-02-03 Origin: Site\nHow does the porta power jack work? How to fill hydraulic fluid in hydraulic Porta Jack? How to maintain the porta power jack in daily use?\nHow does the porta power jack work?\nHow to fill hydraulic fluid in hydraulic Porta Jack?\nHow to maintain the porta power jack?\n1.Safety check: Before starting use, please check your portal power socket for damage, missing parts and leakage, and ensure that the work area is clean.\n2.Assemble: You need to assemble a Porta outlet before use. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's manual for instructions on how to assemble a Porta outlet and how to disassemble it. You should assemble the door power socket according to its purpose (e.g. pull, stretch, unfold, or align).\n3.Position the release valve firmly and close it by turning it clockwise before use.\n4.After closing the valve and attaching the horse assembly to the plunger, draw in your door power jack to apply hydraulic pressure to the plunger assembly. The hydraulic power will allow the ram to stretch/stretch and repair the required parts of the body.\n5.Continue pumping until the desired plunger width is reached.\n1.Place rags or old newspapers under the hydraulic cylinder to catch spills.\n2.Remove the fuel plug from the hole in the fuel cylinder and place it in a clean and safe place.\n3.Drain hydraulic fluid and dispose safely in accordance with the manufacturer's disposal manual.\n4.Refill the hydraulic cylinder by filling the fresh clean hydraulic oil into the clean tank.\n5.Fill the hydraulic cylinder with the and allow the hydraulic oil to overflow and settle.\n6.Lift the hoist to the maximum height, open the cylinder release valve, and then return the hoist to the lowest position. This will release excess air from the cylinder.\n7.Carefully check the oil level and add more oil if necessary. Reinsert the oil plug after refueling.\n1.Inspect hoses and connections for air leaks or missing pins or plugs.\n2.Replace all damaged components in the porta power jack using only the parts recommended by the manufacturer.\n3.Tighten the connections as required.\n4.Always change the hydraulic oil according to the manufacturer's instructions. Never mix different oils in the hydraulic cylinder.\n5.Lubricate all moving parts of the door power socket, such as hammer and connector.\n6.Inspect plunger and pump pistons for signs of corrosion and rust, grease, and oil parts that require lubrication and oiling.\n7.When storing the door power jack, make sure the pump piston and plunger are fully retracted.\n8.Do not use sandpaper or abrasive materials to clean any part of the porta power jack.\nIf you are looking for high-quality porta power jack at reasonable prices, Hangzhou Omega Machinery Co., Ltd will provide you with the best products.\nIn principle, the hydraulic jack is based on Pascal principle, that is, the pressure of the liquid is the same everywhere, so in a balanced system, the pressure exerted on the smaller piston is relatively small, and the pressure exerted on the larger piston is also relatively large, which can keep t", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Vermilion River Flowing Backwards\nAug 28, 2017 03:18PM\n● By Press Release\nThe Vermilion River reverse-flow phenomenon.\nThe reverse-flow phenomenon commonly occurs on the Vermilion River near the City of Lafayette when rainfall runoff enters the river at a faster rate downstream than the runoff upstream. When this happens and/or when the river is at or above certain flood levels (as is shown here), the river will start to flow backwards (upstream) causing the reverse-flow effect.\nShown here is the river at 10.03 ft, considered \"Moderate Flood Stage\" by the National Weather Service.\nClick video link below.\nSources: U.S. Geological Survey, The National Weather Service, Bayou Vermilion District\nPhotos & Video via: Face Media Group\nVermilion River flowing backwards...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Allis Chalmers B Hydraulic Pump Service\nThis unique allis chalmers b hydraulic pump that offers along 14 pictures also with allis chalmers ca hydraulic pump together with allis chalmers b hydraulic system as well as b allis chalmers engine parts together with hydraulic pump repair parts together with allis chalmers d17 hydraulic pump including 170 allis chalmers hydraulic pump together with ac model b additionally b farmall brake clutch along with tractor hydraulic filter located where they are for and jubilee along with allis chalmers b hydraulic pump kit furthermore c allis chalmers hydraulics additionally allis chalmers b10 hydraulic lift additionally allis chalmers wd hydraulic pump additionally hydraulic pump wd45 along with model b allis chalmers finish mower also with 1949 allis chalmers b additionally allis chalmers pump drawings additionally allis chalmers wd45 hydraulic pump diagram additionally allis chalmers 160 hydraulic pump together with allis chalmers wd hitch.\nWire scheme allis chalmers b hydraulic pump including sauer danfoss cid solenoid hydraulic relief valve manifold v additionally massey ferguson hydraulic pump filter short type p together with meritor rkn double check valve assy bus transit gillig wabco manifold additionally diagram additionally lot of national s tapered roller cone bearing front otr gillig transit also with maxresdefault moreover pair of forklift forks x x class iii fork lift truck standard taper additionally also with image furthermore td serial moreover t additionally maxresdefault\nExplore more searches like Allis Chalmers B Hydraulic Pump :\nTop suggestions for Allis Chalmers B Hydraulic Pump :\nAny content, trademark/s, or other material that may be found on the https://thebeginnerslens.com website that is not https://thebeginnerslens.com’s property remains the copyright of its respective owner/s. In no way does Nayabfun.com claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1., according to the structure, there are four kinds of lifting check valves, swing check valves, butterfly check valves and diaphragm check valves. The corresponding products include pressure self sealing and lifting check valves, H44H rotary flange check valves, HH47 butterfly check valves.\n(1) the structure of the pressure self sealing lift check valve is generally similar to that of the globe valve. The valve flap acts as a lifting and moving line along the channel, which is reliable, but has large fluid resistance. It is suitable for small and small caliber occasions. Lift check valve can be divided into two types: straight through lift check valve (usually installed in horizontal pipe) and vertical lift check valve (usually installed in vertical pipe).\n(2) the rotary valve of the H44H rotary flange check valve rotates around the rotating shaft. Its fluid resistance is generally less than the lift check valve, which is suitable for large caliber occasions. Its applicable medium includes water, steam, oil, nitric acid, strong oxidizing medium and urea. It is widely used in power plant, oil, chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries, and can be used directly with imported equipment. The swing check valve can be divided into three kinds of valves according to the number of valves. Single swing check valves are generally applicable to medium caliber occasions. In order to reduce the pressure of water hammer, it is best to reduce the pressure of water hammer to reduce the pressure of water hammer when using the single valve swing check valve in large caliber pipeline. The double valve swing check valve is suitable for large and medium caliber pipelines. The double valve rotary start check valve has small structure and light weight, and it is a fast development check valve, and the multi valve swing check valve is suitable for large caliber pipeline.\n(3) HH47 butterfly buffer check valve structure is similar to butterfly valve, for straight through type. Its structure is simple, the flow resistance is small, and the pressure of water hammer is also small.\n(4) diaphragm type check valves have various structural forms. Diaphragm is used as opening and closing member. Because of its good performance, simple structure and low cost, it has developed rapidly in recent years. But the use temperature and pressure of the diaphragm check valve are limited by the diaphragm material.\n2., according to the main material, there are cast iron check valves, brass check valves and stainless steel check valves. The corresponding products include H64W brass welding rotary check valve, vertical pure nickel check valve, titanium check valve and so on.\n3., according to function, it can be divided into silent check valve, noise elimination check valve and so on. The corresponding products of our company include H41X type noise elimination check valve, H72X brass pair pinch check valve and so on.\nPrevious: The importance of check valve\nNext: No Information", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "If the oil boom is towed too fast through the water the oil will escape underneath the boom or the oil boom and other recovery equipment may be damaged. Therefore it is vital to know the true speed of the boom through water in order to operate the various oil booms within the manufacturers' specifications.\nTo operate mechanical recovery systems in low visibility, complete darkness and high wave conditions are a challenge. The Aanderaa oil boom Doppler Log System allow for safe operation.\nPresure 4117, Tide 5217, Wave and Tide 5218\nDoppler Current Profiler Sensor, DCPS\nIn-line DCS 5800/5810", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "a well-designed system that exercises the tank; considerations include water turn-over,altitude valves,pumping management,and other components for maintaining fresh water in the tank and mitigating water quality issues.Both active and passive systems for improving water quality in tanks are available for new and existing tanks. How is the volume of a water tank calculated?How is the volume of a water tank calculated?These tank shapes are calculated assuming exact geometric solid shapes such as cylinders,circles and spheres.Actual water and oil tanks may not be perfect geometric shapes or might have other features not accounted for here so,these calculations should only be considered estimates.Tank Volume Calculator\nIt was Domestic hot water is provided by means of water heaters,appliances intended to provide a hot water generally eclipsed toward the end of the 1800s by supply by heating a volume of water supplied by the Cold galvanized iron water pipes which were attached with water supply systemBASICS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM - PAS - HomeB4 Assess Domestic Water Gap 17 Pipe Supply,Rain Water Harvesting System/Tank Village/town level Treatment Reverse Osmosis System (RO),Chlorination,Sedimentation, There are three main components a) pump,b) electrical or oil engine,c) panel board.Pump house is constructed for security and safety of machineries.Rising Main\nWater Tanks General Fire protection water supply tank(s) and hydrant locations shall be approved by the Fire Prevention Division.Tanks shall be located to allow gravity flow of water from the tank to the hydrant.A system to automatically fill the tank(s) is required.Underground tanks that require drafting operations will not be allowed.Chapter 2 Definitions,2014 FBC - Plumbing,5 th edition A water supply valve,opened or closed by means of a float or similar device,utilized to supply water to a tank.An antisiphon fill valve contains an antisiphon device in the form of an approved air gap or vacuum breaker that is an integral part of the fill valve unit and that is positioned on the discharge side of the water supply control valve.Code Requirements on Thermal Expansion Control indishwashing.Water in the domestic hot water system is heated by a water heater-gas,oil,electric,or indirect.The water heater,unlike the hot water boiler system,uses a continuous supply of fresh water.As water is heated,or as the water heater recovers hot water is drawn at a rate dictated by the demand at the water-use fixtures.\ndishwashing.Water in the domestic hot water system is heated by a water heater-gas,oil,electric,or indirect.The water heater,unlike the hot water boiler system,uses a continuous supply of fresh water.As water is heated,or as the water heater recovers hot water is drawn at a rate dictated by the demand at the water-use fixtures.Cold Water Storage - Cold Water Loft Tanks - Tanks DirectPack (2) 100 Gallon / 454 Litre Cold Water Tank (Please note this product is only sold as pack of 2 and is unavailable separately) Polytank 100 Gallon / 454 Ltr Cold Water Loft Tank (64-26-23) All rectangular POLYTANK Cold Water Loft Tanks come complete with the PT kit inside the tank.DETA-20 - Plumbing,Heating and Water Quality SolutionsThis potable water expansion tank is used on gas,oil,electric,indirect-fired,commercial water heater and hot water storage tank applications to absorb the increased volume of water created by thermal expansion.It also maintains balanced pressure throughout the water supply system by keeping system pressure below the TP relief valve setting.\nThis potable water expansion tank is used on gas,oil,electric,indirect-fired,commercial water heater and hot water storage tank applications to absorb the increased volume of water created by thermal expansion.It also maintains balanced pressure throughout the water supply system by keeping system pressure below the TP relief valve setting.Domestic Hot Water Supply - an overview ScienceDirectSince 1987 the thermal performance of different small solar heating systems for domestic hot water supply have been measured by means of side-by-side experiments at the laboratory,(Furbo et al.,1987,Furbo,1989).One of the tested systems have as the heat storage a hot water tank with a built-in heat exchanger spiral at the bottom of the tank.Domestic Hot Water System - an overview ScienceDirectWater storage is mainly used in domestic hot water systems (DHW) and in water pits.Sizes of TES vary from standard,cylindrical 270 L tanks which are produced in large quantities in North America,to various larger sizes (in excess of 10,000 L) and geometries.Larger storage tanks are typically used in seasonal storage applications or for large multiunit residential buildings where large storage capacities\nDomestic water systems usually comprise a fresh water system for washing and drinking and a salt water system for sanitary purposes .Both use a basically similar arrangement of an automatic pump supplying the liquid to a tank which is pressurised by compressed air.Domestic water heating - Energy EducationDomestic water heating is the process of warming water for personal use,and it can consume a large amount of energy.In Canadian homes,water heating can consume 15-25 percent of energy used in a home depending on the house type,number of inhabitants,and the lifestyle of those who live there.It's important to note that water heating is often more than all of the electrical needs of the Expansion tank dos and don'ts - HPAC MagazineMay 24,2019·It is fine to locate the tank several feet away from where the tube from the tank connects to the system.Keep the tank lower than this connection point to reduce heat migration by convection.4.Do not create multiple connection points It is fine to use two or more expansion tanks with a combined volume of a single larger tank.However,those\nready for potable consumption and is connected to a public water system (PWS).Common examples include,but not limited to,standpipes,elevated tanks,ground level,buried,and partially buried tanks and reservoirs,hydropneumatic tanks,and clearwells.(3) Usable storage means the volume of stored water that can be effectively utilized withoutFire Water Tank - NFPA (fire) Code Issues - Eng-TipsFeb 26,2013·(A)If a separate water tank is maintained for fire protection the water quality keeps on getting degraded more so since the eventuality of fire breaking out in buildings is remote even on fifty years basis.This is quite a concern in area that have to maintain a water storage for FP system i.e no water mains supply available specially in middle eastGround Water and the Rural Homeowner - USGSNov 30,2016·The saturated zone beneath the water table is recharged by the excess water that is not discharged to streams.The resulting rise in the water table increases ground-water storage(the volume of ground water stored within an aquifer system).In late spring,summer,and early fall,evaporation and transpiration by plants capture most of the water that would otherwise recharge the aquifer,while\nSep 23,2019·Oil Tank Regulations Selecting the right type of oil tank.Whilst it is possible to fit a single skin tank,most new domestic tanks are integrally bunded.It is much more straight forward to fit an integrally bunded tank as it reduces the risk of non-compliance with an unsurveyed water source.The three main types of tank are as follows Single Hot Water Manual - Energy KineticsHot Water Manual January 2018 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Topic Page Topic 1 Table of Contents 14 Plate Heat Exchanger and Location 1 Please Read This First 15 Wiring and Controls 3 Overview 15 Line Voltage Wiring Diagram 3 Smart Pump Hot Water Making 15 Low Voltage Wiring 3 Description of Operation 16 System Managers 4 Plate Heat Exchanger 16 Display ManagerHot Water Systems Domestic Heating and Hot Water Systems A guide to the most common types of domestic heating and hot water systems with diagrams,including indirect boiler system,unvented system,thermal store.A guide to the different ways of heating domestic hot water so you can identify problems and faults with the hot water tank or central heating system and carry out any maintenance needed.\nA tank is always disinfected on a water volume basis.The volume may have been provided by the manufacturer or it can be calculated as follows.Calculating Your Tank Volume (a) Square Tank.The water volume in litres is equal to length x width x depth of water x 1000.All measurements of tank dimensions should be made in metres.Household Water Supplies HealthEdA tank is always disinfected on a water volume basis.The volume may have been provided by the manufacturer or it can be calculated as follows.Calculating Your Tank Volume (a) Square Tank.The water volume in litres is equal to length x width x depth of water x 1000.All measurements of tank dimensions should be made in metres.Hydropneumatic Tank Control SystemsThe deeper the well,the longer it takes the pump to move water up and out into the system.A well pump may cycle so frequently that only a small amount of water reaches the distribution system before it turns off again. Equipment failure.Frequent starts and stops can overheat the pump and lead to premature motor failure.Drinking Water\nIndirect fired water heater tanks for domestic hot water,such as the SuperStor TM are usually located close to the heating boiler and will have both cold and hot water lines leaving the tank to supply the building with domestic hot water and a loop of piping that runs between the [usually the] bottom of the tank and a nearby heating boiler.Jet Pump Water SystemThe function of the tank is to store a quantity of water under pressure.When full,the tank contains approximately 2/3 water and 1/3 compressed air.The compressed air forces the water out of the tank when a faucet is opened.An air volume control automatically replaces air lost or absorbed into the water.The usable water,or drawdownLow Lead Type NL300L and NL310WJ Air Volume Controls -The optimum relationship between the volume of air and water in the tank is thus maintained.Spec Number Selection Chart Model NL310WJ (shown with 162988NL,Low Lead Model P-500 pressure gauge - sold separately) AMETEK' On-line order fax +1215-323-9450 or e-mail usg.sales@ametek Sales/Technical Support +1 215-293-4100 I 205 Keith Valley\nWatering system will use free fall for water feeding.Because of that,water tank needs to be lifted up from floor level.We made water tank from drainpipe 1m in length and 16 cm in diameter.We divided pipe into two sections.Lover section (first 50 cm) will house valves.Upper section will serve as water tank.Oil Tank Fill Vent Piping Installation InspectionOil tank fill vent piping guide Inspection for Above Ground Heating Oil Storage Tanks (ASTs).This heating oil piping article gives advice and example photos for the installation,inspection, leak troubleshooting of oil tank fill vent piping for both buried and above ground oil storage tanks.Where are water storage tanks required to be?Where are water storage tanks required to be?(2) Section 19-13-B102(f)(5)(B) of the RCSA requires in-ground finished water storage tanks to be.located at least 50 feet from any part of a subsurface sewage disposal system or sanitary sewer and.at least 25 feet from the nearest watercourse,storm drain,or other source of pollution.STORAGE TANK DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES\n2.Cooling Tower Blowdown is estimated at normal maximum operating cycles of concentration (6X Recycle Water Supply concentration) Tank 137 162 Cooling Tower 295 Evap.Loss Drift Reverse Osmosis Multi-media Filter 107 Turbine Wash Off-Site Disposal Six per yr @ 2000 gal Storm Water Drain System Oil to Drum Storm Water System Fire Protection SECTION 7.0 Water Supply - CaliforniaPotable 3 1 Domestic 1 LACSD Water Users Sanitary Sewer Supply 2 Site Landscape 16 Intercooler Irrigation Condensate Sodium 4 Hypochlorite Recycled Water Recycled Water 1,460 Storage 524 494 331 Treated Water 335 Mixed Bed Demin Water NOx 335 Evaporation Supply Tank Permeate Storage Tk IX Trailer Storage Tk Control to Atmosphere 15 905 10 Evap MMF RO Cooler 30Selecting and Sizing Water-Storage Tanksa well-designed system that exercises the tank; considerations include water turn-over,altitude valves,pumping management,and other components for maintaining fresh water in the tank and mitigating water quality issues.Both active and passive systems for improving water quality in tanks are available for new and existing tanks.\nThe deeper the well,the longer it takes the pump to move water up and out into the system.A well pump may cycle so frequently that only a small amount of water reaches the distribution system before it turns off again. Equipment failure.Frequent starts and stops can overheat the pump and lead to premature motor failure.Drinking Water Study of Fire Fighting System to Extinguish Full Surface Jan 01,2011·Fire Water System Fire water system supply water to mix with foam concentrate,cool tank shell and feed movable fire equipments such as foam monitors.According to Fire prevention code of petrochemical enterprise design (GB50160? 2008)P  P,tanks within the distance of 1.5 D to burning tank should be cooled (D is diameter of the burning\nA = r 2 where r is the radius which is equal to d/2.Therefore V (tank) = r2h.The filled volume of a vertical cylinder tank is just a shorter cylinder with the same radius,r,and diameter,d,but height is now the fill height or f.Therefore V (fill) = r2f.UNDERSTANDING WATER SUPPLY FOR HOME FIREsupply.When public water is not available or pressure is insufficient,a well or a tank and pump can be used for water supply.Designing the domestic-fed system requires communication with the water utility so that available water pressures and flow to the system can be determined,and so that the design can meet the utility requirements.Water Sector Policy - IsDBagriculture and domestic water uses.Similarly,desalination,treatment and reuse of domestic,industrial and agricultural wastewater,and the use of produced water (from the oil industry),hold significant potential for enhancing the water supply in water-stressed member countries. Poor water governance and man made challenges.\nShop for Water Storage Tanks at Tractor Supply.Notice Changing your store affects your localized pricing and pickup locations to new items added to cart.Any items already in your cart may change price.Any new items added to your cart as Pickup In Store will be sent to the new store.[DOC]Section 22 11 23 - DOMESTIC WATER PUMPS·Web viewSpecifier shall consider domestic hot water system length and volume when determining size and type of recirculation pump required.4.Circulation pumps are intended to be used when domestic hot water systems require pumping through domestic water heat exchangers,heat recovery systems,separate heating equipment and storage tanks,etc.egypt oil tank domestic water supply system volume - Oil Home / egypt oil tank domestic water supply system volume.asme pressure vessels Highland Tank.A small air compressor may be used to replenish the air volume periodically as it is absorbed into the water.Large hydropneumatic tanks are usually horizontal with volumes of 2,000 gallons or more.\nThe ITE (as well as the ITS) can be part of a solar water heating system.It can be installed with or without a drainback system.SHURflo 182 200 Pre Pressurized Accumulator Tank,Black.Actual water volume in the reservoir is only 2 to 4 ounces (per the installation instructions that came with the tank and our measured results)!poland oil storage tank domestic water supply system If lube oil is lost it is automatically replaced by the oil pump.Sump Tank - an overview ScienceDirect Topics (PDF) Solar Water Heating System IJRAME Journal and poland oil storage tank domestic water supply system volume A simple water heating system would pump cold water out to a collector to be heated water flows back to a collection tank.qatar transformer tank domestic water supply system volumeJan 27,2021·Building services report subang parade.Jul 05,201446 Photo 79 Continuous running pumps with pressure indicators to supply domestic water Photo 80 Make-up tank for the cold water supply uzbekistan oil ometer domestic water supply system volumeRESERVOIR DESIGN AND STORAGE VOLUME.1.Water Systems With A Single Source .\nWWATTS Water Heater Expansion Tank DET 5 MI HD .This expansion tank controls thermal expansion of water in open domestic hot water supply systems.It absorbs the increased volume of water generated by the hot water heating source.Its' pre pressurized steel tank uses an expansion membrane to prevent air/water contact for long system life.[tank]Watts 2.1 gal.Pre Pressurized Steel Water uzbekistan cave tank domestic water supply system Oil Storage Tank (also called oil tank or gasoline storage tanks) can be used as diesel fuel tank,fuel oil tank,diesel storage tank,bulk oil storage tanks to store and transport oil or other liquids which keep the stored oil in stable condition.Oil storage tank is the main equipment for the oil depot.[tank]Chapter 14American Military History\nuzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume price, Best price uzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume, uzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume chemical composition, uzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume yield strength, uzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume equivalent, uzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume properties, uzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume in China, what is uzbekistan oil tank domestic water supply system volume,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Two 12-foot diameter turbines will be suspended under a barge located just downstream of the existing Hastings powerplant. The turbines will be mounted on gantries so they can be pulled out of the water in case of emergencies, adverse river conditions, or maintenance requirements. The barge is anchored to the river bottom and tethered to the existing dam structure. The electricity generators are mounted on the barge platform. A transmission cable carries the electricity from the barge to the existing powerplant grid.\nHow it Works\nA traditional hydroelectric plant generates power by using the weight of falling water. The weight of the water (62.4 lbs/cubic foot) spins a turbine converting the kinetic power of the moving water to mechanical power. In turn the mechanical power is used to generate electricity. Wikipedia provides detailed information on traditional hydroelectric power generation. The new technology being tested at Hastings does not require a structure that impounds water, or that changes the flow of the river. Rather, turbines are installed to make use of the natural flow of the river current. This is called run of river mode. If all works out as planned, the turbines will be generating clean, renewable energy for as long as the river flows and the machinery is operable.\nLast updated: October 15, 2018", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydro Power Project, Thoubal, Manipur\nThe Thoubal multipurpose project is planned to harness the perennial water of Thoubal River for creation of irrigation facility, water supply facility and hydro-power generation.\nThis project has been included in the Prime Minister's special economic package and monitored by the central government. The construction of spillway & Intake portion of the project was awarded to Ansals by the Irrigation & Flood Control Department of Govt. of Manipur.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Irrigation of all vegetable types or row crops.\n- Working pressure range: 0.2 to 2.0 bar.\n- System head control must be installed in the highest point of the irrigated field.\n- The system is designed for installation in fields with maximum 2% slope.\n- The system includes all needed components for field installation and operation.\n- The system can be operated by water pressure using a pump or by atmospheric pressure (over 0.2 bar).\nFeatures And benefits\n- All products/ parts needed for installation and operation are included.\n- Easy to use, assemble and operate.\n- Precise and water efficient application directly to the root zone.\n- Durable drippers for several seasons’ performance.\n- Dripperlines wall thickness allows multi-seasonal use (layout and retrieval).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The upward vertical flow of oil-water mixtures has been investigated in a 37-ft. length of cellulose acetate butyrate tubing of inside diameter 1.038-in. Flow pattern, holdup and pressure drop data were obtained for water mixtures with 0.936, 20.1 and 150 centipoise oils at superficial water velocities ranging from 0.10 to 10.0 ft./sec.\nThe oil-water mixtures exhibited a behavior similar to that of air-water mixtures studied previously. The flow patterns observed at constant superficial water velocity with increasing oil-water ratio were: drops of oil in water, slugs of oil in water, froth, and drops of water in oil. Holdup of the phase forming the continuous medium was observed but to a much lesser extent than with the air-water system. Curves of pressure drop versus oil-water ratio exhibited a minimum, a maximum and a second minimum at low water velocities; a single minimum at intermediate water velocities; and a steady increase at superficial water velocities above about 5 ft./sec.\nA friction factor based upon the properties and the superficial velocity of the water is correlated with the superficial velocity of the oil and a Reynolds number based on the properties and superficial velocity of the water. This shows that the pressure drop due to friction and other irreversibilities is essentially independent of the viscosity of the oil except under conditions where the oil is the continuous phase.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The paper presents results of research hydraulic processes at the intake structures of diversion power plants in winter. On the basis of the physical modeling results the flow characteristics of sluiceway channel of water intake on the river Issyk-Ata, Kyrgyzstan were determined. Statistical models of discharges of elements of sluiceway channel with their mutual influence were obtained, using the methods of experimental design and data analysis. The influence of the concentration of brash ice on the sluiceway channel and its elements is described. The comparison of experimental data with data obtained by other authors before is made by comparing flow coefficients. Recommendations for normal operation of ice pass at sluiceway track channel of water intake structure for diversion power plant are given.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "K3VL Series Kawasaki axial piston pump\nThe K3VL series swash plate type Kawasaki axial piston pumps are designed to satisfy a variety of construction and off-highway applications. These are particularly useful where a medium to high pressure variable displacement pump is required.\n> 28 to 200cc displacements\n> 320 bar continuous pressure rating\n> Load sensing, torque limiting and electronic displacement control\n> Integral impellor pump available on 200cc unit\nPlease follow and like us:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "hoist equipment devices introduced\nHoist equipment including hydraulic system power unit, control and regulation devices, and other assistive devices. Sets can share a hydraulic hoist system.\n.Hoist equipment hydraulic power unit generally, it is the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Hoist equipment Pump generally use positive displacement pumps, such as vane pumps and piston pumps. Vane pumps and piston pumps have a compact structure, smooth operation, less noise, long life and other advantagescan be high pressure, high flow, and the flow rate is adjustable. Recent years, domestic hydraulic hoist common use in high pressure, so in most cases, piston pump. Additionally,small electric hoist because the importance of hydraulic Hoist equipment hydraulic systems are generally set up two sets of hydraulic pumps, spare each other.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Spool-type flow divider/combiners\nSpool-type flow dividers only allow flow in one direction. From the symbol in Figure 11-2, it is plain that reverse flow would lock up one of the cylinders. The cylinder that needs less resistance actually gets more. In a circuit where flow must go both ways, use a check valve to bypass the flow divider.\nFigure 11-12 shows spool-type flow dividers in a circuit that synchronizes two cylinders. As the cylinders extend, the flow divider splits the flow and cylinder speed is nearly the same. When the cylinders retract, bypass check valves allow fluid to go around the divider. There is no synchronization from the cap-end flow divider at this time. A second flow divider with bypass check valves on the rod-end ports (as shown) is necessary for identical movement while retracting. As depicted in Figure 11-4, some flow dividers come with integral bypass check valves. Integral bypass check valves save piping time, have fewer leaks, and are more compact.\nBecause flow dividers are not 100% accurate, one of the cylinders may lag. Because there is internal leakage past the spool, any flow divider will let the lagging cylinder continue its travel. Because of the bypass leakage, the speed of the lagging cylinder while it is going to the end of its stroke is very slow. Integral relief valves (as shown in Figure 11-4) allow the lagging cylinder to catch up quickly. Set these relief valves between 50 and 150 psi. Once the pressure difference across the valve reaches this pressure range, fluid bypasses the restricted spool to quickly re-phase the cylinders.\nIn Figure 11-13, a single flow divider/combiner synchronizes cylinders in both directions of travel. Here a flow divider/combiner replaces the flow divider and check valves in Figure 11-12. Because there is no ANSI symbol for the flow divider/combiner, add bi-directional arrows to the one-way flow-divider symbol. This more-detailed symbol helps to clarify the valve’s action. Bi-directional arrows show the divider/combiner function. These detailed symbols come from manufacturers’ catalogs and represent their interpretation of their valve’s function.\nAs the cylinders extend, the divider/combiner splits the flow to keep cylinder speeds nearly the same. When the cylinders retract, the divider/combiner shifts internally and equalizes return flow also.\nA flow divider/combiner wastes energy the same as a standard flow divider. In essence these devices are infinitely variable pressure-compensated flow control pairs. Any flow control will cause heat because it is a restriction.\nFlow dividers or flow divider/combiners are not designed to control running-away loads. For the circuits in Figures 11-12 and 11-13, a counterbalance valve in the line between the directional valve and the flow divider may be necessary if the loads can run away.\nSpool-type priority flow dividers\nFigure 11-14 shows a typical spool-type priority flow divider circuit. A priority flow divider maintains constant flow from the controlled flow (CF) port. Any additional flow passes out the excess flow (EF) port. The non-standard symbol in the Figure is one typically found in manufacturers’ catalogs. The controlled flow may be fixed or adjustable, according to the circuit needs. The excess flow may be sent to tank or to another circuit as required. (When there is pressure at the excess flow port, make sure the valve design can handle it.)\nSome priority flow dividers are more like 3-port flow controls and cannot stand backpressure at the EF port. Use these flow dividers for bleed-off flow controlling only. With a bleed-off type priority flow divider, pressure at EF port causes flow at the CF port to fluctuate.\nIn Figure 11-14, a fixed-orifice priority flow divider is used on a vehicle with power steering and hydraulic actuators. This is the standard circuit for a forklift truck using a fixed-volume pump. The power-steering circuit needs 7 gpm and pump flow at idle is a minimum of 10 gpm. The actuators need as much as 15 gpm for maximum speed.\nWhen the vehicle is operating, the power steering circuit will always have at least 7 gpm. When the mast or tilt cylinders need fluid, excess pump flow operates them. Because there is little excess flow at idle, the mast and tilt cylinder's speeds are slow at this time.\nThe circuit in Figures 11-15 and 11-16 controls the speed of a hydraulic cylinder powered by a fixed-volume pump. The adjustable controlled-flow port of the priority flow divider connects to the cylinder valve, with the excess-flow port piped to tank. This arrangement controls cylinder speed and keeps heat build up low because the pressure in this circuit is only slightly higher than the cylinder needs.\nMost priority flow dividers are pressure compensating so the priority flow remains constant even when pressure changes occur. As long as there is enough pump output, the controlled flow is constant. Excess flow changes as pump volume varies.\nA priority flow divider wastes energy just like any spool-type divider. The inlet pressure to the divider is the same as the highest outlet pressure. When either outlet port is pressurized, the port with little or no pressure is wasting energy and generating heat.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pressure Drop Due to Flow Through Fine Mesh Screensby Mahadevan Padmanabhan,\nSvein Vigander, (A.M.ASCE),\nSerial Information: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1978, Vol. 104, Issue 8, Pg. 1191-1195\nDocument Type: Journal Paper\nAbstract: In hydraulic models, the proper simulation of pressure drop and velocity modification behavior of the screens is important. A good estimate of the pressure losses across square mesh screens with small openings and round wires could be obtained from the relationships even for screen Reynolds numbers less then 1,000.\nSubject Headings: Hydraulic models | Mesh generation | Hydraulic pressure | Simulation models | Dynamic pressure | Fluid velocity | Reynolds number | Pressurized flow\nServices: Buy this book/Buy this article\nReturn to search", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "CALCULATING RESERVE CAPACITY OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM\nThe purpose of calculations\nDetermine the reserve flow capacity of sections of a water supply system.\nA reserve is a maximum water flow rate that must be supplied to a prospective consumer at a connection point, provided the system maintains an uninterrupted supply of a design water flow rate with a required pressure head for the existing consumers\n- Before calculating reserve network capacity, it is necessary to ensure that during hydraulic modeling all consumers are provided with the required flow rate, otherwise, the system does not have a reserve by default.\n- It is possible to perform calculations for the entire system or only the sections selected on the map, for example, sections of one trunk main or block.\n- The reserve flow capacity is determined according to the maximum velocity or specific line loss limits in network sections.\n- The reserve flow capacity is determined according to the maximum flow rate limit at the sources.\nReserve calculation method\nThe module repeatedly performs automated simulation modeling with a fixed flow rate at points of delivery. In each subsequent calculation, the program inserts a provisional consumer in each section of a water supply system and determines the flow rate that can be connected at this point. The resulting flow rate should not lead to pressure head at points of delivery being reduced below the required level.\nAs with previous hydraulic calculations, a diagram of a water supply system created in the ZuluGIS topology editor is the main input data.\nThe list of attributes for water supply system objects corresponds to the set required to perform simulation modeling with a fixed water offtake at points of delivery.\nPrior to launching calculations, users specify an interval, which will be used to divide the sections and calculate the reserve, in the ZuluHydro task window. Minimum required head is set for connection points.\nTo present the calculation results, users specify flow rate ranges and their corresponding colors.\nThe results of reserve flow capacity calculations can be called a map of spare capacity. They are represented by a set of linear and symbol objects stored in a separate vector layer.\nSymbol objects are tie-in points; the corresponding reserve flow rate, pressure at the point, diameter and identifier of the input section are stored in attribute tables.\nLinear objects can appear in different colors. Linear objects are created on top of water supply system sections; the color of the objects corresponds to custom ranges. The reserve flow rate, pressure at a starting point, diameter and identifier of each section are stored in tables.\nReserve capacity calculations are used when:\n- Issuing technical specifications for connecting new consumers\n- Identifying disadvantageous water supply areas that do not have any reserves\n- Choosing locations for new buildings and constructions projects\n- Publishing information on a company’s website in order to increase the investment appeal of a water supply scheme.\nVideo. Calculating reserve capacity of a water supply system.\nMore about calculating reserve capacity\nSee also: Modeling water hammer", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "MOSCOW, March 23. /TASS/. Certain hydropower plants of the Volga river cascade can be shut down this summer due to the low water level in the Volga River, department director of the Russia’s Ministry of Natural Resources Dmitry Kirillov said on Monday.\nWater reserves in the Volga cascade hydropower plants currently totals 40% of the normal rate, Kirillov added. \"Some hydropower plants can be shut down. Escapage discharges will be limited across the Volga Hydro cascade by the second quarter-end,\" the official said.\nFurthermore, navigation on the Volga River can be limited because of the shallowing, he added.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The authors propose a new system for recovering energy from sea waves. The system is composed of a large-sized buoy (point absorber), directly connected to a piston pump. The piping, developed underground, allows the water to be moved into a pressurized reservoir, which feeds a hydraulic turbine. The latter discharges the flow in a tank where the hydraulic circuit closes. A sizing methodology developed in the present work, demonstrates the possibility of designing miniaturized components by leaving the possibility of providing an acceptable energy output with low installation costs. A preliminary study demonstrates that a 4.5 m buoy, associated with a small 17 cm diameter Pelton, could be able to recover more than 35,000 kWh/year.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Modern hydraulics uses confined liquid to transmit power, multiple force, or produce motion. The fundamental concept of any hydraulic system operation and fluid power is Pascal’s Law, which states that pressure applied on a confined fluid is transmitted in all directions with equal force on equal areas.\nHow will the crane arm gripper move?\nHow will the principle of hydraulic system and fluid pressure be applied to operate my robot crane?\nHow can we design a cardboard robotic crane that is strong and sturdy to move an object?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How to store the hydraulic hammer\n1, When the hydraulic hammer\nfrom the excavator to remove the custody, in order to prevent the rain into the need to put the rear side of the cylinder, the best stored in the low humidity room. Long-term use of the broken hammer, improper storage, will lead to rust, oil spills. Immediately when disassembled, the hydraulic system is closed with a plug to prevent foreign matter from entering the hydraulic system.\n2.Long-term storage of hydraulic hammer\nnitrogen should be released. At the same time pay attention to the rust of the piston, release the cylinder after the nitrogen, with the top of the piston to push the most inside, and finally smearing anti-rust oil.\n3.After removing the drill rod, check the wear condition of the wearing parts in the lower cylinder and check the piston, the drill rod striking face, the drill rod, the thrust ring seal cone.\nYou may be interested in:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Department of Public Utilities Water Division operates the municipally owned public water utility system that is regulated by the Federal and State drinking water laws. The maintenance and operation of the City’s two water filtration plants is charged to the Water Division. The Division also oversees the security of the watershed land. The Water Division coordinates the maintenance work for the sewer collection system and assists the Department of Public Services as necessary with the maintenance of the storm water systems.\nThe Water Division also provides the following services to the residents of Pittsfield:\n- Performs annual hydrant flushing of water distribution system\n- 24 hour response to clear sewer main blockages\n- Investigates dirty water and other drinking water complaints\n- Repairs water main breaks\n- Coordinates testing of backflow devices in accordance with the Cross-Connection Program", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Constructed of metal parts for durable applications\nBall valves are designed primarily for on/off service. The two-way valve model has a single inlet port and a single outlet port for straight through operation. The handle of the valve can be turned to change the flow pattern or on/off service of the valve. Choose from stainless steel/PFA or brass/PFA valve options.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The cartridge type relief valve is used in the main role of the overflow from the constant pressure and safety protection. When the constant pressure overflow effects the fix displacement pump throttle control system, the cartridge type relief valve is to provide a constant flow if the system pressure increases, the traffic demand will decrease.\nGroup of Cartridge Type Relief Valves\nhas been presented above, want more Cartridge Type Relief Valves\nand Cartridge Type Hydraulic Relief Valves\n, Please Contact Us", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Fish and Wildlife Service manages thirteen impoundments covering 2,650 acres to provide fall and winter habitats for waterfowl and a spring stopover habitat for migrating shorebirds. Water control structures are used to manipulate impoundment water levels to meet specific habitat requirements of objective wildlife species. During significant storm events, like Hurricane Sandy, storm surge from the Atlantic Ocean breaches the berms of the impoundments and fills them with salt water. The existing water control structures limit the outflow of saltwater from the storm surges, which negatively affects the freshwater impoundments. The project involved the analysis of the existing water control structures for seven interconnected ponds to determine the drain times during storm events such as Hurricane Sandy.\nThe proposed water control structures were to provide a 10-day drain time for storm surge events. The tidal fluctuations of the Atlantic Ocean were also considered in the existing and proposed drain times of the water control structures. Hydraulic Engineer responsible for hydraulic analysis utilizing Bentley PondPack for the existing and proposed seven water control structures. The project scope was to increase overall outflow capacity to mitigate adverse saltwater intrusion impacts in the freshwater vegetative communities.\nB&N implemented an innovative water control structure design to provide a sufficient weir length and a stop log structure to set the water level needed for the targeted bird species for the winter and summer seasons.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "New flow switch ranges from Cynergy3\nUK-based flow sensor and liquid level manufacturer Cynergy3 Components has extended its range of flow switches to cater for larger diameter pipes and higher flow rates.\nIn addition to inline flow switches, the range now includes paddle type flow switches including a new stainless steel version.\nInline and paddle type flow switches are suitable for installation in both small and large size diameter pipes. The flow switches can be used to control pumps, valves and other control equipment in a variety of industrial processes.\nThe FSH range of paddle type flow switches includes two series, the FSH10AR and FSHPLC.\nThe FSH10AR series is a general purpose paddle flow switch for loads up to 4A inductive. The switch can be used to control a pump, valve or process via a relay output, ideal for controlling a circulating or centrifugal electric pump that is providing increased pressure or flow within water systems with storage tanks.\nPipe connection is via a G1” (1” BSP) thread suitable for mounting to pipe sizes G1”, G2”, G3” and G4”. The device relies on the flow of liquid working in opposition to the spring-loaded paddle to operate the relay.\nThe FSHPLC series works in a similar way to the FSH10AR series, but provides a signal level, volt-free contact for output to a PLC - also suitable for pipe sizes G1” to G4”.\nBoth series’ are constructed in reinforced polyamide with brass screw mounts and are protected to IP54. Maximum pressure is 10 bar and maximum operating temperature is 100°C.\nThe LFS series of paddle flow switches have a stainless steel paddle and a IP65 aluminium alloy housing or DIN 43650 connection. These switches are suitable for flow detection in harsh operating environments, where the pipe media is aggressive/corrosive.\nLFS flow switches can be installed in 1” to 3” bore pipes. Maximum operating pressure is 20 bar and operating temperature range is -30°C to +150°C.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Current Streamflow Conditions\nStreamflow guages have been installed along the Lake Fork River and Henson Creek. Keep track of the water levels using the following links.\nClick HERE to follow current stream flow conditions in the waterways around Lake City through the USGS monitoring program. Scroll down to #1402002 UPPER GUNNISON for several area sites.\nLake City sites include:", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reservoirs 7 Litre\nThese 7 litre steel hydraulic oil tanks are constructed from two deep drawn components then seam welded together from a high quality alloy steel. A plastic 3/4\" BSP Filler/Breather cap is fitted to allow easy filling, which contains a filter gauze. The 1/4\"BSP drain plug is can be used to drained and change the hydraulic oil. The black powder coating gives an attractive finish and hard wearing corrosion resistance.\nWhen calculating a hydraulic powerpack reservoir the volume requirements of the hydraulic system and any cooling and heat dissipation requirements should always be considered.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic cylinder maintenance and maintenance, in particular, is the maintenance and repair of hydraulic media and hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic transmission has many advantages such as simple structure, stable quality, high mechanical efficiency, and easy automation. Therefore, many large sites are currently maintained, and medium-sized machinery adopts hydraulic transmission systems. However, there are also oil leakages in hydraulic technology, and oil temperature changes affect the speed control and noise. How to operate the hydraulic machine more safely and efficiently, correctly select the hydraulic oil according to system pressure, operating speed, working oil quantity, and ambient temperature, use and maintain it reasonably, maintain excellent working performance of the oil for a long time, and exert optimal work Efficiency is the key to work. In response to this, we must usually operate in accordance with the norms and scientific management.\nTo maintain and maintain hydraulic cylinders, contamination must be prevented from mixing with the hydraulic fluid:\n1. During the use of the cylinder, the hydraulic oil should be replaced regularly and the system filter should be cleaned to ensure cleanliness and prolong life.\n2. When the cylinder is used every time, it is necessary to conduct full trial run and 5 strokes, and then carry it again. This can exhaust the air in the system, preheat the systems, effectively avoid the presence of air or water in the system, and cause gas explosion ( or scorch ) in the cylinder block , which will damage the seal and cause the cylinder to leak. Such as failure.\n3 , control the system temperature, high oil temperature will reduce the seal life, long-term high oil temperature makes the seal permanent deformation, or even completely failure.\n4 , to protect the outer surface of the piston rod, to prevent bumps and scratch damage to the seals, often clean the dynamic seal ring and the exposed piston rod on the sand, to prevent adhesion to the surface of the piston rod difficult to clean Dirt enters the cylinder and damages the piston, cylinder or seal.\n5 , often check the thread, bolts and other joints and found loose immediately tightened.\n6 , often lubrication of the joints to prevent corrosion or abnormal wear without oil.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Water Tunnel is a channel system used to relieve hydrostatic pressure build up surrounding a structure’s foundation. Holes on both sides of the tunnel allow water to be collected from the footing/wall joints and under the floor. The unique bottlomless design allows water to flow away from your basement at a rate of 140 gallons per minute.\nRedirect Water With Water Channel Water Redirection\nby Abstract Technology Group | Nov 30, 2018", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Tipper Trailer Power Units 3\nConsisting of high pressure gear pumps, DC motor, manifold, valves, tank, remote controller etc., this power unit features typical power up power down. The second relief valve provides an extra protection for the machine when lowered. The lowering speed is automatically adjusted by a pressure compensated flow control valve. These series are widely used in tipper trailers, hydraulic hoists and so on.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The reasons for the oil leakage problem of the hydraulic baler\ncan be started from the following aspects. The absolute pressure of the liquid in the hydraulic baler oil tank must be equal to or greater than the atmospheric pressure. This is the external condition that the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic baler\ncan absorb the oil. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal oil absorption of the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic baler\n, the oil tank must be connected to the atmosphere, or a closed gram pressure oil tank must be used.\n1. The system pressure is adjusted too high, causing the seal or the sealing surface to leak. Appropriately reduce the pressure of the hydraulic system of the straw baler\n, but still adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system to the specified range according to the requirements of the machine manual, and do not adjust it too high.\n2. There is leakage in the valve. The reason is that the spool valve of the straw baler increases the gap. At this time, the body hole of the valve should be ground, and the gap should be matched according to the actual size of the valve body hole.\n3. Seal leakage. The damage and aging of the seals of the hydraulic baler make the seal poor. At this time, these broken seals should be replaced in time. When the directional seals are installed in the wrong direction, they should be reinstalled.\nThe above are some points summed up by NKBALER through more than ten years of experience. If you still do not understand, you can always call our after-sales telephone consultation 86-29-86031588, https://www.nkbaler.net/.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Figure 4-46. Hydraulic reservoir.\n(2) Remove breather (fig. 4-46) from\n(1) Install screen in hydraulic reservoir gage\n(3) Check breather for damage. If breather\nis damaged, replace breather.\n(2) Install hydraulic reservoir gage (fig. 4-\n46) in reservoir.\n(1) Install breather in place on reservoir.\n(3) Install floor and toe plates.\n(2) Install floor and toe plates.\n4-61. Hydraulic Oil Filter\na. General. The hydraulic oil filter is mounted on a\n4-60. Hydraulic Reservoir Inlet Screen\nbracket on the frame below the seat. All return oil from\n(1) Remove floor and toe plates to gain\nthe hydraulic system and steering system flows through\naccess to reservoir.\nthe filter before returning to the reservoir. A filter\n(2) Remove hydraulic reservoir gage (fig. 4-\nelement indicator (fig. 4-48) is mounted on a bracket\n46) from reservoir.\nabove the filter. Pressure of the oil passing through the\n(3) Remove screen from below gage.\nfilter registers on the indicator. A white indicating line in\n(4) Clean screen in cleaning compound,\nthe indicator is moved by the pressure. If the\nsolvent (Fed. Spec. P-D-680) and dry thoroughly.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Non-standard hydraulic station introduction to non-standard hydraulic system\nThe pressure station, also known as the hydraulic pump station, is the hydraulic power source for the execution of the machine. It supplies oil according to the requirements of the drive unit (main unit) and controls the direction, pressure and flow of the oil flow. It is suitable for various types of separation between the main unit and the hydraulic unit. Under hydraulic machinery. After the user purchases, the hydraulic station can be connected to the actuator (cylinder and oil motor) on the main engine by the oil pipe, and the hydraulic machine can realize various prescribed actions and work cycles. The hydraulic station is a combination of pump unit, manifold or valve combination, fuel tank and electrical box. The functions of each component are as follows: Pump unit - equipped with motor and oil pump, it is the power source of the hydraulic station, which converts mechanical energy into the power of hydraulic oil. The integrated block is made up of a combination of hydraulic valves and channel bodies. It regulates the direction, pressure and flow of hydraulic oil. Valve combination - the plate valve is mounted on the vertical plate, and the rear plate connection is the same as the integrated block. Oil tank - is a semi-closed container welded by steel plate. It is also equipped with oil filter net, air filter, etc. It is used for oil storage, oil cooling and filtration. Electrical box - in two forms. A terminal board for setting an external lead; one is equipped with a complete set of control appliances. The working principle of the hydraulic station is as follows: the motor drives the oil pump to rotate, the pump draws oil from the oil pump, and converts the mechanical energy into the pressure energy of the hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil is hydraulically operated by the integrated block (or valve combination) to achieve direction, pressure and flow. After adjustment, it is transmitted to the hydraulic cylinder or oil motor through the external pipeline, thus controlling the change of the direction of the liquid engine, the magnitude of the force and the speed, and promoting the work of various hydraulic machines.\nMain use: Provide power for punching and stretching of machine tools.\nSystem features: 1, classic high and low pressure hydraulic control system, energy saving and environmentally friendly green design.\n2, rigorous design to ensure high energy efficiency.\n3, low noise, to prevent leakage.\n4, the main components are internationally renowned brands, safe and stable system will road.\n5, compact structure, powerful power, high punching frequency.\n6, all components to ensure good interchangeability, to ensure high machine operating rate.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Laminar Flow Table\nModel No. : PIT-\nThe present set-up is designed to visualize the ideal flow around immersed body. It consists of a flow table in which flow of water is circulated in between two transparent sheets with a small gap between them.\nWater is supplied to the table and a coloured dye is injected in the inlet of flow at a different locations. Water from the sump tank is pumped by a centrifugal pump to a calming section for the table and after passing through the transparent sheet it goes to the sump tank. By-pass and flow control valves are provided to regulate the flow.\nFlow is made laminar by operating an inlet control valve for water and it is visualized due to transparent sheet and colour. A small-capacity dye tank will be provided for the flow of dye in the fluid inlet stream. Any obstacle can be placed between the sheets and a change in flow pattern can be visualized. Obstacles of different types will be supplied with the apparatus", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ARMY - COE EM 1110-2-1003\n|Publication Date:||30 November 2013|\nPurpose. This manual provides technical guidance for specifying requirements and performing hydrographic surveys of USACE river and harbor navigation projects, water control projects, and shore protection projects.\nApplicability. This manual applies to all USACE commands having responsibility for civil works navigation, flood risk management, multi-purpose water supply/control, coastal storm damage reduction, hurricane protection, multi-purpose water supply/control, and hydropower projects.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Slope stability demonstration (Tools)\nRainfall and landsliding - the relationship between pore pressure and slope instability\nIn saturated soil or rock, water in voids imparts a buoyancy force that reduces the contact force between grains. As a result, saturation reduces the frictional strength of saturated soil or rock making it susceptible to slope failure.\nThe magnitude of fluid (or pore) pressure between grains depends on the level of the water table. As the water table rises (and approaches the surface), fluid pressures rise and increase the likelihood of landsliding. High rainfall rates tend to cause rapid rise of the water table. We use our laboratory landslide model to explore how rainfall affects landsliding. Specifically, we determine how the rainfall rate (or water input rate) affects the slope angle at which landslides occur. A pump attached to the upper of two porous cinder blocks delivers water at a controlled rate. The water infiltrates through the upper block and percolates into the lower block until that lower block becomes saturated. If the water pressure along the cinder block interface is sufficient to reduce the frictional contacts, failure results and the upper cinder block slides off (Landslide!). The amount of water pressure (controlled by the pump) necessary to induce failure depends on how steeply the blocks are titled. Steeper blocks require less water for failure. For this in-class demonstration, we tilt the blocks at different angles and then slowly increase the water input rate until failure is induced. The valve enables us to record the water input rate at the time of failure, which can be roughly correlated with water pressure along the cinder block interface. An example relationship between water input rate (which is actually measured in liters/min) with the slope at which the blocks slide.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pump Power Calculation Method\nWater Pumps are indispensable equipment in both industrial and daily life. The calculation of their power is a key factor to ensure their normal operation. This article will introduce in detail the methods and steps of pump power calculation, helping you to choose the right pump power.\nI. Pump Power Calculation Formula\nThe formula for calculating pump power is:\nP = pgQH / 1000\n- P: Pump power (kW)\n- p: Density of water (kg/m³)\n- g: Acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s²)\n- Q: Flow rate (m³/s)\n- H: Head (m)\nII. Determining the Flow Rate\nThe determination of flow rate needs to consider multiple factors, including:\n- Process requirements of water-using equipment\n- Diameter and length of the pipeline\n- Intermittency of operation\n1. Determine the flow rate based on the process requirements of water-using equipment\nFor example, for landscape water use such as fountains, the flow rate can be calculated by filling the fountain pool 1 to 2 times per hour; for agricultural irrigation, the flow rate can be calculated by irrigating 1 to 2 times per day.\n2. Determine the flow rate based on the diameter and length of the pipeline\nGenerally speaking, the longer the pipeline and the smaller the diameter, the smaller the flow rate; the shorter the pipeline and the larger the diameter, the larger the flow rate. In the preliminary estimation, the flow rate can be calculated according to the diameter and length of the pipeline.\n3. Determine the flow rate based on the intermittency of operation\nIf the water-using equipment is intermittent, it is necessary to consider its working time and non-working time in a unit time, as well as the amount of water required each time it works, so as to determine the average flow rate.\nIII. Determining the Head\nThe Pump head is the height that the pump lifts the water, which is related to the length and height difference of the pipeline.\n1. Determine the head based on the length and height difference of the pipeline\nGenerally speaking, the longer the pipeline and the larger the height difference, the higher the head; the shorter the pipeline and the smaller the height difference, the lower the head. In the preliminary estimation, the head can be calculated according to the length and height difference of the pipeline.\n2. Determine the head based on the location and height difference of the water-using equipment\nIf the water-using equipment is located at a higher position, the water needs to be lifted to a higher height, so the head is higher; otherwise, it is lower. In the preliminary estimation, the head can be calculated according to the location and height difference of the water-using equipment.\nIV. Selecting the Pump Model\nAccording to the calculated flow rate and head, the appropriate pump model can be selected. When selecting, the following factors need to be considered:\n- The flow rate and head of the pump should meet the requirements of use\n- The efficiency and energy consumption of the pump should be low\n- The material and structure of the pump should meet the requirements\n- The price and maintenance cost of the pump should be reasonable\nV. Example of Pump Power Calculation\nSuppose a fountain landscape needs a pump for water supply, the flow rate is 10m³/h, the head is 50m, and the pump efficiency is 70%. Then the pump power can be calculated according to the following steps:\n1. Calculate the output power of the pump\nP = pgQH / 1000 = 9.81 × 10 × 50 / 1000 = 4.9kW\n2. Calculate the input power of the pump\nP_in = P / η = 4.9 / 0.7 = 7kW\n3. Select the appropriate pump model\nAccording to the calculated flow rate and head and the above selection factors, a pump with more than 7KW motor can be selected. Its flow rate is 10~60m³/h, the head is 50~65m, the efficiency is high and it meets the hygiene requirements. The input power of this pump is about 7.5kW, which is close to the calculation result.\nPump power calculation is a key step in selecting pumps. This article introduces in detail the methods and steps of pump power calculation, and provides a calculation example, which I hope will be helpful to you.\nMy name is Kevin and I am the Product Manager for the SUNVIS Water Pump Department. I have been in the solar pumping industry for over 8 years. I specialize in Pump Design, Solar Pump System Configuration and technical support for Solar Pump Project Bidding. As a professional supplier of solar water pumps, welcome to contact us. We are happy to provide you with the best service and products.\nEmail: [email protected] | Whatsapp: 0086-18930406049", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic System of concrete mixer truck For Sale\nHydraulic System of concrete mixer truck For Sale:\nHydraulic system of ready mix trucks for sale mainly is composed by the hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor, oil filter, oil tank, high pressure, low pressure pipe, return line and filter, etc.. Hydraulic pump with manual servo control handle, with this handle, you can adjust the flow and flow of hydraulic oil, so as to control the mixing drum of the steering and speed. Both positive and negative rotation of the mixing drum can be stepless in a regulation speed.\nHaomei is a leader in China’s construction machinery industry. Haomei is capable of providing customers with construction machinery equipment.Haomei has directly exported its products to the following regions:All-Russia Region,North Africa and South Africa,the Asia", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sarsang Water Reservoir located in the area of Aghdere region which is currenly under occupation was built on Tartar River in 1976. The general capacity of the reservoir is 560 mln m³, volume of minerals 500 mln m³, the dead volume is 60 mln m³. Normal filling level of the reservoir is 726 m, while maximum level upon during flow of flood is 728,5 m, the level of dead volume is 662 m, the length of the reservoir in normal filling level -11,75 km, width 1,75 km, depth of water in normal level is 103 m. The space of water mirror on normal level is 1346 ha, whereas the space of water mirror on the level of dead volume is 270 ha. The length of the coastline is 50,25 km. The height ofthe reservoir’s dam is 125 m, length-555,1 m, width from the upper side is 10,2 m.\nHydroelectric power station, having 50 mgvt power each and consisted of 2 turbines exists in the reservoir. Drop capacity of turbine is 30 m³ / s and in tote 60 m³ water can be issued from the power station. Moreover, 6 valves were installed to drop water into the river for irrigation purposes in the reservoir’s dam when the power station stopped operating. Totally 30 m³/s water might be dropped to Tartar River being each 5 m³/s through the valve. It is intended to flow the flood water of 740 m³/s into Tartar River via emercency water engine in case the reservoir is filled.\nIt should be noted that Sarsang is the highest water resevoir in the republic for the height of the dam. Sarsang Water Reservoir provided 100 thousand hectare plot of six regions of the country (Tartar, Aghdam, Barda, Goranboy, Yevlakh and Agjcabedi) with irrigation water before the occupation of the territories. After the invasion of the territories non-provision of irrigation water to plants of agriculture as a result of inavailability of the reservoir’s water usage, damaged rather much this region of the republic.\nIt is supposed that the reservoir is not satisfactory from technical security aspect since the reservoir and its devices were not properly complex technically served for a long time. Destruction of the dam of Sarsang water reservoir because of catastrophe or sabotage since the reservoir located in the occupied area creates serious danger for settlements at the bottom of the reservoir.\nA number of Tartar regions (Chayli, Seydimli, Hajigarvand, Zolkaran, Duyarli, Sarıjali, Alasgarli, Bayandur, Buruj, Iravanli, Gulabatli, Hajalli, Yenidashkend, Gapanli, Shatirli, Gasimbayli, Zumurkhach, Imamgulubeyli, Dilenchiler, Muganli) are threataned to remain under the water throughly and some partially in the water ( Shikharkh settlement, Madagiz, Hasangaya, Sahlabad, Korpusindiran, Gazakhlar, Soyulan, Dargalar, Nazirli).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "petrol engine driven hydraulic pump quotation\nThey are available in a range of sizes and rates according to the needs of different clients. At the same time, it is needed to maintain and expand the pressure capacity of the pumps to extend the lifespan of the two at a time, they are needed to maintain.\nLikerise hydraulic pumps, for all, it is important to take the account of high-pressure hydraulic pumps, the likerise of hydraulic pumps is their choice. However, there are a number of different varieties of petrol engine driven hydraulic pumps, like the electric hydraulic pumps, the likerise of hydraulic pumps, and the variation of these pumps is one of them. They are cheaper and more convenient than conventional hydraulic pumps, but also available at the same time.\nAs a result, petrol engine driven hydraulic pumps are available. They are available in a variety of sizes, including petrol engine driven hydraulic pumps such as electric petrol engine driven hydraulic pumps. A petrol engine driven praulic pumps has a wide range of piston pressure and, at the same time, can also be used as petrol engine driven hydraulic pumps. For example, there are also piston hydraulic pumps, such as a petrol engine- driven hydraulic pumps. They are also available, including a petrol engine driven piston hydraulic pumps, where a piston is incorporated into the piston where the piston is separated and the piston is connected to the hydraulic piston.\nExplore a wide variety of gasoline engine driven hydraulic pump on Alibaba.com and enjoy exquisite deals. The machines help maintain drilling mud circulation throughout the project. There are many models and brands available, each with outstanding value. These gasoline engine driven hydraulic pump are efficient, durable, and completely waterproof. They are designed to lift water and mud with efficiency without using much energy or taking a lot of space.\nThe primary advantage of these gasoline engine driven hydraulic pump is that they can raise water from greater depths. With the fast-changing technology, purchase machines that come with the best technology for optimum results. They should be well adapted to the overall configuration of the installation to perform various operations. Hence, quality products are needed for more efficiency and enjoyment of the machines\" full life expectancy.\nAlibaba.com offers a wide selection of products with innovative features. The products are designed for a wide range of flow rates that differ by brand. They provide cost-effective options catering to different consumer needs. When choosing the right gasoline engine driven hydraulic pump for the drilling project, consider factors such as size, shape, and machine cost. More powerful tools are needed when dealing with large projects such as agriculture or irrigation.\nAlibaba.com provides a wide range of gasoline engine driven hydraulic pump to suit different tastes and budgets. The site has a large assortment of products from major suppliers on the market. The products are made of durable materials to avoid corrosion and premature wear during operations. The range of products and brands on the site assures quality and good value for money.\nHere at Flowfit, we are dedicated to providing our customers with the very best hydraulic and mechanical components to ensure that their system runs as smoothly and efficiently as possible. We are proud of the wide range of petrol engine-driven hydraulic power units that we have on offer, including models from industry-leading brands, such as Loncin and Honda.\nIf your hydraulic system requires high levels of power, then you cannot choose better than the range of petrol engine driven hydraulic power units that we have on offer at Flowfit. Each and every product that we offer has been extensively tested to ensure a long-lasting and high-performing service. Our models are available in a range of specifications to meet the requirements of your hydraulic specifications.\nFor more information on any one of the petrol engine driven hydraulic power units, get in touch with our team of mechanical and hydraulic specialists on 01584 876 033 or email us directly at email@example.com.\nAt TAON Hydraulics, we produce hydraulic stations driven by petrol engines. From tiny engines up to our biggest at 37 HP. The petrol engine is a good alternative to diesel as they have a good economy and are easy to transport. Especially after the diesel engines are subject to exhaust standards, the gasoline engines have become a good alternative to smaller diesel engines.\nEPA compliance on Honda GX Engines In compliance with new EPA regulations governing gasoline powered equipment. Bailey has included this EPA/CARB compliant fuel system with our gasoline-driven power units. This system is designed to work with any unit that has a Honda GX630, GX660, or GX690 engine.\nRIVERLAKE gas-powered hydraulic pumps are the perfect choice to provide energy for hydraulic equipment when access to electricity is limited. it has a compact structure, strong maneuverability, lightness, and a beautiful appearance.\nChekov Hydraulics is ISO 9001 - 2008 certified company involved in manufacturing, supply and serving of hydraulic equipments and commercialese high pressure hydraulic tools to solve in a safe and simple way the problems which originate in the moving of heavy loads.\nThe product range consist of : Hydraulic Cylinders, Hydraulic Pumps, Hydraulic Jacks, Hydraulic Pullers, Magnetic Drilling Machines, Hydraulic Cutting Equipments, Hydraulic Valves, Industrial Hydraulic Cylinders, Industrial Hydraulic Pumps, Hydraulic Presses, Torque Wrenches, Hydraulic Accessories, Portable Cranes and Repairing Services etc.\nThe HPP range of two stage petrol engine driven hydraulic pumps is ideally suited for applications in locations where there is no electricity or compressed air supply available. The range has similar reservoir and valve options (excluding solenoid valves) as electric and air powered pumps. All models are 700 Bar maximum working pressure and offer a low pressure flow rate of 10 litres/min with automatic changeover to a high pressure flow rate of 1.3 litres/min. Powered by a 3.35 kW rated four stroke engine, the HPP range provides reliable, independent hydraulic power. All models are fitted with a protective roll bar carrying frame for easy transportation and handling.\nHigh pressure gas hydraulic pumps are designed for high efficiency, with higher by-pass pressure for improved productivity. The gas powered pump line ranges from small portable and high-performance transportable configurations, to large capacity power units. Gasoline engine hydraulic pumps are ideal for delivering hydraulic pressure.\nEnerpac hydraulic pumps are available in over 1,000 different configurations. Whatever your high pressure pump needs are… speed, control, intermittent or heavy-duty performance… you can be sure that Enerpac has a hydraulic power unit to suit the application.\nFeaturing Hand, Battery, Electric, Air and Gasoline powered models, with multiple reservoir and valve configurations, Enerpac offers the most comprehensive high pressure pump line available.\nHydraulic pumps are mechanisms in hydraulic systems that move hydraulic fluid from point to point initiating the production of hydraulic power. Hydraulic pumps are sometimes incorrectly referred to as “hydrolic” pumps.\nThey are an important device overall in the hydraulics field, a special kind of power transmission which controls the energy which moving fluids transmit while under pressure and change into mechanical energy. Other kinds of pumps utilized to transmit hydraulic fluids could also be referred to as hydraulic pumps. There is a wide range of contexts in which hydraulic systems are applied, hence they are very important in many commercial, industrial, and consumer utilities.\n“Power transmission” alludes to the complete procedure of technologically changing energy into a beneficial form for practical applications. Mechanical power, electrical power, and fluid power are the three major branches that make up the power transmission field. Fluid power covers the usage of moving gas and moving fluids for the transmission of power. Hydraulics are then considered as a sub category of fluid power that focuses on fluid use in opposition to gas use. The other fluid power field is known as pneumatics and it’s focused on the storage and release of energy with compressed gas.\n\"Pascal\"s Law\" applies to confined liquids. Thus, in order for liquids to act hydraulically, they must be contained within a system. A hydraulic power pack or hydraulic power unit is a confined mechanical system that utilizes liquid hydraulically. Despite the fact that specific operating systems vary, all hydraulic power units share the same basic components. A reservoir, valves, a piping/tubing system, a pump, and actuators are examples of these components. Similarly, despite their versatility and adaptability, these mechanisms work together in related operating processes at the heart of all hydraulic power packs.\nThe hydraulic reservoir\"s function is to hold a volume of liquid, transfer heat from the system, permit solid pollutants to settle, and aid in releasing moisture and air from the liquid.\nMechanical energy is changed to hydraulic energy by the hydraulic pump. This is accomplished through the movement of liquid, which serves as the transmission medium. All hydraulic pumps operate on the same basic principle of dispensing fluid volume against a resistive load or pressure.\nHydraulic valves are utilized to start, stop, and direct liquid flow in a system. Hydraulic valves are made of spools or poppets and can be actuated hydraulically, pneumatically, manually, electrically, or mechanically.\nThe end result of Pascal\"s law is hydraulic actuators. This is the point at which hydraulic energy is transformed back to mechanical energy. This can be accomplished by using a hydraulic cylinder to transform hydraulic energy into linear movement and work or a hydraulic motor to transform hydraulic energy into rotational motion and work. Hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders, like hydraulic pumps, have various subtypes, each meant for specific design use.\nThe essence of hydraulics can be found in a fundamental physical fact: fluids are incompressible. (As a result, fluids more closely resemble solids than compressible gasses) The incompressible essence of fluid allows it to transfer force and speed very efficiently. This fact is summed up by a variant of \"Pascal\"s Principle,\" which states that virtually all pressure enforced on any part of a fluid is transferred to every other part of the fluid. This scientific principle states, in other words, that pressure applied to a fluid transmits equally in all directions.\nFurthermore, the force transferred through a fluid has the ability to multiply as it moves. In a slightly more abstract sense, because fluids are incompressible, pressurized fluids should keep a consistent pressure just as they move. Pressure is defined mathematically as a force acting per particular area unit (P = F/A). A simplified version of this equation shows that force is the product of area and pressure (F = P x A). Thus, by varying the size or area of various parts inside a hydraulic system, the force acting inside the pump can be adjusted accordingly (to either greater or lesser). The need for pressure to remain constant is what causes force and area to mirror each other (on the basis of either shrinking or growing). A hydraulic system with a piston five times larger than a second piston can demonstrate this force-area relationship. When a force (e.g., 50lbs) is exerted on the smaller piston, it is multiplied by five (e.g., 250 lbs) and transmitted to the larger piston via the hydraulic system.\nHydraulics is built on fluids’ chemical properties and the physical relationship between pressure, area, and force. Overall, hydraulic applications allow human operators to generate and exert immense mechanical force with little to no physical effort. Within hydraulic systems, both oil and water are used to transmit power. The use of oil, on the other hand, is far more common, owing in part to its extremely incompressible nature.\nPressure relief valves prevent excess pressure by regulating the actuators’ output and redirecting liquid back to the reservoir when necessary. Directional control valves are used to change the size and direction of hydraulic fluid flow.\nWhile hydraulic power transmission is remarkably useful in a wide range of professional applications, relying solely on one type of power transmission is generally unwise. On the contrary, the most efficient strategy is to combine a wide range of power transmissions (pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical). As a result, hydraulic systems must be carefully embedded into an overall power transmission strategy for the specific commercial application. It is necessary to invest in locating trustworthy and skilled hydraulic manufacturers/suppliers who can aid in the development and implementation of an overall hydraulic strategy.\nThe intended use of a hydraulic pump must be considered when selecting a specific type. This is significant because some pumps may only perform one function, whereas others allow for greater flexibility.\nThe pump\"s material composition must also be considered in the application context. The cylinders, pistons, and gears are frequently made of long-lasting materials like aluminum, stainless steel, or steel that can withstand the continuous wear of repeated pumping. The materials must be able to withstand not only the process but also the hydraulic fluids. Composite fluids frequently contain oils, polyalkylene glycols, esters, butanol, and corrosion inhibitors (though water is used in some instances). The operating temperature, flash point, and viscosity of these fluids differ.\nIn addition to material, manufacturers must compare hydraulic pump operating specifications to make sure that intended utilization does not exceed pump abilities. The many variables in hydraulic pump functionality include maximum operating pressure, continuous operating pressure, horsepower, operating speed, power source, pump weight, and maximum fluid flow. Standard measurements like length, rod extension, and diameter should be compared as well. Because hydraulic pumps are used in lifts, cranes, motors, and other heavy machinery, they must meet strict operating specifications.\nIt is critical to recall that the overall power generated by any hydraulic drive system is influenced by various inefficiencies that must be considered in order to get the most out of the system. The presence of air bubbles within a hydraulic drive, for example, is known for changing the direction of the energy flow inside the system (since energy is wasted on the way to the actuators on bubble compression). Using a hydraulic drive system requires identifying shortfalls and selecting the best parts to mitigate their effects. A hydraulic pump is the \"generator\" side of a hydraulic system that initiates the hydraulic procedure (as opposed to the \"actuator\" side that completes the hydraulic procedure). Regardless of disparities, all hydraulic pumps are responsible for displacing liquid volume and transporting it to the actuator(s) from the reservoir via the tubing system. Some form of internal combustion system typically powers pumps.\nWhile the operation of hydraulic pumps is normally the same, these mechanisms can be split into basic categories. There are two types of hydraulic pumps to consider: gear pumps and piston pumps. Radial and axial piston pumps are types of piston pumps. Axial pumps produce linear motion, whereas radial pumps can produce rotary motion. The gear pump category is further subdivided into external gear pumps and internal gear pumps.\nEach type of hydraulic pump, regardless of piston or gear, is either double-action or single-action. Single-action pumps can only pull, push, or lift in one direction, while double-action pumps can pull, push, or lift in multiple directions.\nVane pumps are positive displacement pumps that maintain a constant flow rate under varying pressures. It is a pump that self-primes. It is referred to as a \"vane pump\" because the effect of the vane pressurizes the liquid.\nThis pump has a variable number of vanes mounted onto a rotor that rotates within the cavity. These vanes may be variable in length and tensioned to maintain contact with the wall while the pump draws power. The pump also features a pressure relief valve, which prevents pressure rise inside the pump from damaging it.\nInternal gear pumps and external gear pumps are the two main types of hydraulic gear pumps. Pumps with external gears have two spur gears, the spurs of which are all externally arranged. Internal gear pumps also feature two spur gears, and the spurs of both gears are internally arranged, with one gear spinning around inside the other.\nBoth types of gear pumps deliver a consistent amount of liquid with each spinning of the gears. Hydraulic gear pumps are popular due to their versatility, effectiveness, and fairly simple design. Furthermore, because they are obtainable in a variety of configurations, they can be used in a wide range of consumer, industrial, and commercial product contexts.\nHydraulic ram pumps are cyclic machines that use water power, also referred to as hydropower, to transport water to a higher level than its original source. This hydraulic pump type is powered solely by the momentum of moving or falling water.\nRam pumps are a common type of hydraulic pump, especially among other types of hydraulic water pumps. Hydraulic ram pumps are utilized to move the water in the waste management, agricultural, sewage, plumbing, manufacturing, and engineering industries, though only about ten percent of the water utilized to run the pump gets to the planned end point.\nDespite this disadvantage, using hydropower instead of an external energy source to power this kind of pump makes it a prominent choice in developing countries where the availability of the fuel and electricity required to energize motorized pumps is limited. The use of hydropower also reduces energy consumption for industrial factories and plants significantly. Having only two moving parts is another advantage of the hydraulic ram, making installation fairly simple in areas with free falling or flowing water. The water amount and the rate at which it falls have an important effect on the pump\"s success. It is critical to keep this in mind when choosing a location for a pump and a water source. Length, size, diameter, minimum and maximum flow rates, and speed of operation are all important factors to consider.\nWater pumps are useful in a variety of situations. Hydraulic pumps can be used to direct water where it is needed in industry, where water is often an ingredient in an industrial process or product. Water pumps are essential in supplying water to people in homes, particularly in rural residences that are not linked to a large sewage circuit. Water pumps are required in commercial settings to transport water to the upper floors of high rise buildings. Hydraulic water pumps in all of these situations could be powered by fuel, electricity, or even by hand, as is the situation with hydraulic hand pumps.\nWater pumps in developed economies are typically automated and powered by electricity. Alternative pumping tools are frequently used in developing economies where dependable and cost effective sources of electricity and fuel are scarce. Hydraulic ram pumps, for example, can deliver water to remote locations without the use of electricity or fuel. These pumps rely solely on a moving stream of water’s force and a properly configured number of valves, tubes, and compression chambers.\nElectric hydraulic pumps are hydraulic liquid transmission machines that use electricity to operate. They are frequently used to transfer hydraulic liquid from a reservoir to an actuator, like a hydraulic cylinder. These actuation mechanisms are an essential component of a wide range of hydraulic machinery.\nThere are several different types of hydraulic pumps, but the defining feature of each type is the use of pressurized fluids to accomplish a job. The natural characteristics of water, for example, are harnessed in the particular instance of hydraulic water pumps to transport water from one location to another. Hydraulic gear pumps and hydraulic piston pumps work in the same way to help actuate the motion of a piston in a mechanical system.\nDespite the fact that there are numerous varieties of each of these pump mechanisms, all of them are powered by electricity. In such instances, an electric current flows through the motor, which turns impellers or other devices inside the pump system to create pressure differences; these differential pressure levels enable fluids to flow through the pump. Pump systems of this type can be utilized to direct hydraulic liquid to industrial machines such as commercial equipment like elevators or excavators.\nHydraulic hand pumps are fluid transmission machines that utilize the mechanical force generated by a manually operated actuator. A manually operated actuator could be a lever, a toggle, a handle, or any of a variety of other parts. Hydraulic hand pumps are utilized for hydraulic fluid distribution, water pumping, and various other applications.\nHydraulic hand pumps may be utilized for a variety of tasks, including hydraulic liquid direction to circuits in helicopters and other aircraft, instrument calibration, and piston actuation in hydraulic cylinders. Hydraulic hand pumps of this type use manual power to put hydraulic fluids under pressure. They can be utilized to test the pressure in a variety of devices such as hoses, pipes, valves, sprinklers, and heat exchangers systems. Hand pumps are extraordinarily simple to use.\nEach hydraulic hand pump has a lever or other actuation handle linked to the pump that, when pulled and pushed, causes the hydraulic liquid in the pump\"s system to be depressurized or pressurized. This action, in the instance of a hydraulic machine, provides power to the devices to which the pump is attached. The actuation of a water pump causes the liquid to be pulled from its source and transferred to another location. Hydraulic hand pumps will remain relevant as long as hydraulics are used in the commerce industry, owing to their simplicity and easy usage.\n12V hydraulic pumps are hydraulic power devices that operate on 12 volts DC supplied by a battery or motor. These are specially designed processes that, like all hydraulic pumps, are applied in commercial, industrial, and consumer places to convert kinetic energy into beneficial mechanical energy through pressurized viscous liquids. This converted energy is put to use in a variety of industries.\nHydraulic pumps are commonly used to pull, push, and lift heavy loads in motorized and vehicle machines. Hydraulic water pumps may also be powered by 12V batteries and are used to move water out of or into the desired location. These electric hydraulic pumps are common since they run on small batteries, allowing for ease of portability. Such portability is sometimes required in waste removal systems and vehiclies. In addition to portable and compact models, options include variable amp hour productions, rechargeable battery pumps, and variable weights.\nWhile non rechargeable alkaline 12V hydraulic pumps are used, rechargeable ones are much more common because they enable a continuous flow. More considerations include minimum discharge flow, maximum discharge pressure, discharge size, and inlet size. As 12V batteries are able to pump up to 150 feet from the ground, it is imperative to choose the right pump for a given use.\nAir hydraulic pumps are hydraulic power devices that use compressed air to stimulate a pump mechanism, generating useful energy from a pressurized liquid. These devices are also known as pneumatic hydraulic pumps and are applied in a variety of industries to assist in the lifting of heavy loads and transportation of materials with minimal initial force.\nAir pumps, like all hydraulic pumps, begin with the same components. The hydraulic liquids, which are typically oil or water-based composites, require the use of a reservoir. The fluid is moved from the storage tank to the hydraulic cylinder via hoses or tubes connected to this reservoir. The hydraulic cylinder houses a piston system and two valves. A hydraulic fluid intake valve allows hydraulic liquid to enter and then traps it by closing. The discharge valve is the point at which the high pressure fluid stream is released. Air hydraulic pumps have a linked air cylinder in addition to the hydraulic cylinder enclosing one end of the piston.\nThe protruding end of the piston is acted upon by a compressed air compressor or air in the cylinder. When the air cylinder is empty, a spring system in the hydraulic cylinder pushes the piston out. This makes a vacuum, which sucks fluid from the reservoir into the hydraulic cylinder. When the air compressor is under pressure, it engages the piston and pushes it deeper into the hydraulic cylinder and compresses the liquids. This pumping action is repeated until the hydraulic cylinder pressure is high enough to forcibly push fluid out through the discharge check valve. In some instances, this is connected to a nozzle and hoses, with the important part being the pressurized stream. Other uses apply the energy of this stream to pull, lift, and push heavy loads.\nHydraulic piston pumps transfer hydraulic liquids through a cylinder using plunger-like equipment to successfully raise the pressure for a machine, enabling it to pull, lift, and push heavy loads. This type of hydraulic pump is the power source for heavy-duty machines like excavators, backhoes, loaders, diggers, and cranes. Piston pumps are used in a variety of industries, including automotive, aeronautics, power generation, military, marine, and manufacturing, to mention a few.\nHydraulic piston pumps are common due to their capability to enhance energy usage productivity. A hydraulic hand pump energized by a hand or foot pedal can convert a force of 4.5 pounds into a load-moving force of 100 pounds. Electric hydraulic pumps can attain pressure reaching 4,000 PSI. Because capacities vary so much, the desired usage pump must be carefully considered. Several other factors must also be considered. Standard and custom configurations of operating speeds, task-specific power sources, pump weights, and maximum fluid flows are widely available. Measurements such as rod extension length, diameter, width, and height should also be considered, particularly when a hydraulic piston pump is to be installed in place of a current hydraulic piston pump.\nHydraulic clutch pumps are mechanisms that include a clutch assembly and a pump that enables the user to apply the necessary pressure to disengage or engage the clutch mechanism. Hydraulic clutches are crafted to either link two shafts and lock them together to rotate at the same speed or detach the shafts and allow them to rotate at different speeds as needed to decelerate or shift gears.\nHydraulic pumps change hydraulic energy to mechanical energy. Hydraulic pumps are particularly designed machines utilized in commercial, industrial, and residential areas to generate useful energy from different viscous liquids pressurization. Hydraulic pumps are exceptionally simple yet effective machines for moving fluids. \"Hydraulic\" is actually often misspelled as \"Hydralic\". Hydraulic pumps depend on the energy provided by hydraulic cylinders to power different machines and mechanisms.\nThere are several different types of hydraulic pumps, and all hydraulic pumps can be split into two primary categories. The first category includes hydraulic pumps that function without the assistance of auxiliary power sources such as electric motors and gas. These hydraulic pump types can use the kinetic energy of a fluid to transfer it from one location to another. These pumps are commonly called ram pumps. Hydraulic hand pumps are never regarded as ram pumps, despite the fact that their operating principles are similar.\nThe construction, excavation, automotive manufacturing, agriculture, manufacturing, and defense contracting industries are just a few examples of operations that apply hydraulics power in normal, daily procedures. Since hydraulics usage is so prevalent, hydraulic pumps are unsurprisingly used in a wide range of machines and industries. Pumps serve the same basic function in all contexts where hydraulic machinery is used: they transport hydraulic fluid from one location to another in order to generate hydraulic energy and pressure (together with the actuators).\nElevators, automotive brakes, automotive lifts, cranes, airplane flaps, shock absorbers, log splitters, motorboat steering systems, garage jacks and other products use hydraulic pumps. The most common application of hydraulic pumps in construction sites is in big hydraulic machines and different types of \"off-highway\" equipment such as excavators, dumpers, diggers, and so on. Hydraulic systems are used in other settings, such as offshore work areas and factories, to power heavy machinery, cut and bend material, move heavy equipment, and so on.\nFluid’s incompressible nature in hydraulic systems allows an operator to make and apply mechanical power in an effective and efficient way. Practically all force created in a hydraulic system is applied to the intended target.\nBecause of the relationship between area, pressure, and force (F = P x A), modifying the force of a hydraulic system is as simple as changing the size of its components.\nHydraulic systems can transfer energy on an equal level with many mechanical and electrical systems while being significantly simpler in general. A hydraulic system, for example, can easily generate linear motion. On the contrary, most electrical and mechanical power systems need an intermediate mechanical step to convert rotational motion to linear motion.\nHydraulic systems are typically smaller than their mechanical and electrical counterparts while producing equivalents amounts of power, providing the benefit of saving physical space.\nHydraulic systems can be used in a wide range of physical settings due to their basic design (a pump attached to actuators via some kind of piping system). Hydraulic systems could also be utilized in environments where electrical systems would be impractical (for example underwater).\nBy removing electrical safety hazards, using hydraulic systems instead of electrical power transmission improves relative safety (for example explosions, electric shock).\nThe amount of power that hydraulic pumps can generate is a significant, distinct advantage. In certain cases, a hydraulic pump could generate ten times the power of an electrical counterpart. Some hydraulic pumps (for example, piston pumps) cost more than the ordinary hydraulic component. These drawbacks, however, can be mitigated by the pump\"s power and efficiency. Despite their relatively high cost, piston pumps are treasured for their strength and capability to transmit very viscous fluids.\nHandling hydraulic liquids is messy, and repairing leaks in a hydraulic pump can be difficult. Hydraulic liquid that leaks in hot areas may catch fire. Hydraulic lines that burst may cause serious injuries. Hydraulic liquids are corrosive as well, though some are less so than others. Hydraulic systems need frequent and intense maintenance. Parts with a high factor of precision are frequently required in systems. If the power is very high and the pipeline cannot handle the power transferred by the liquid, the high pressure received by the liquid may also cause work accidents.\nEven though hydraulic systems are less complex than electrical or mechanical systems, they are still complex systems that should be handled with caution. Avoiding physical contact with hydraulic systems is an essential safety precaution when engaging with them. Even when a hydraulic machine is not in use, active liquid pressure within the system can be a hazard.\nInadequate pumps can cause mechanical failure in the place of work that can have serious and costly consequences. Although pump failure has historically been unpredictable, new diagnostic technology continues to improve on detecting methods that previously relied solely on vibration signals. Measuring discharge pressures enables manufacturers to forecast pump wear more accurately. Discharge sensors are simple to integrate into existing systems, increasing the hydraulic pump\"s safety and versatility.\nHydraulic pumps are devices in hydraulic systems that move hydraulic fluid from point to point, initiating hydraulic power production. They are an important device overall in the hydraulics field, a special kind of power transmission that controls the energy which moving fluids transmit while under pressure and change into mechanical energy. Hydraulic pumps are divided into two categories namely gear pumps and piston pumps. Radial and axial piston pumps are types of piston pumps. Axial pumps produce linear motion, whereas radial pumps can produce rotary motion. The construction, excavation, automotive manufacturing, agriculture, manufacturing, and defense contracting industries are just a few examples of operations that apply hydraulics power in normal, daily procedures.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This is a self contained bench top unit for studying the power generation by a hydraulic turbine.\nThe unit consist of a storage tank and a pump to simulate a dam reservoir, a cross flow hydraulic turbine, a generator which is connected to the turbine by a V-belt, a lamp load bank, a dynamometer, and measuring instrument.\n- Turbine torque vs speed at various heads and flow rates.\n- Mechanical power output vs speed for various heads and flow rates.\n- Mechanical efficiency vs speed for a given head and flow rate.\n- Electrical power output at various heads and flow rates.\n- Overall power plant efficiency at various electrical loads.\n|-||Construction||:||Stainless steel runner, and nozzle.|\n|:||Stainless steel casing with transparent window.|\n|-||Maximum power||:||400 W of mechanical power.|\n|:||Electrical output upto 300 W.|\n|Electrical load||:||Lamp bank.|\n|Dynamometer||:||Mechanical brake absorber.|\n|Measuring instruments :|\n|-||Sensors with digital display||:||Torque.|\n|:||Flow rate and speeds.|\n|:||Electrical output power.|\n|Power supply||:||220 V, 1 Ph, 50 Hz. Other power supply is available on request.|\n|Net (unpacked) shipping dimensions WxLxH||:||70 x 170 x 90 cm|\n|Net weight||:||Approx. 165 kg|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic Steering Unit 10 series is integral hydraulic steering unit, the valve body of rotary valve is integral structure, then the steering unit can integrate with cartridge valve, such as the pressure control valve of the integral system.\nHydraulic Steering Unit 10 series is widely used in the steering control system of different kinds of engineering vehicles, such as the steering system of many kinds of industrial and agricultural mobile machinery\nforklift, loader, road roller, tractor, combine harvester, and the ship helm etc. The steering unit can control the steering cylinder with bigger resistance force by inputting minor force; It’s easier , flexible\nand reliable; The integral check valve can prevent the system pressure oil from anti-vibration , and prevent from “hit-hand” during the steering operation; Integral pressure control valve can control the\noperation pressure and the shock pressure of the steering system.The mounting dimensions of Hydraulic Steering Unit 10 series are consistent with the international standard. According to the structure\nof gerotor set, Hydraulic Steering Unit 10 series can be divided into 2 series: 6/7 teeth structure steering unit and 4/5 teeth structure steering unit.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Figure 4D-4. Control Valve (36Z725)\nCONTROL VALVE (36Z726)\nTable 4D-3 lists the difficulties which may be experienced\nwith the valve and hydraulic system. It indicates the cause\nControl valve 36Z726 is used to control the operation of\nand remedy for each of the troubles listed. It should always\nthe boom hoist cylinders. This is a four-way, spring\nbe remembered that pressure and delivery are factors which\ncentered directional control valve. The valve is a balanced\nam usually dependent upon each other. Adequate pressure\nsliding spool type with open-centered circuitry, which\ngauge equipment and a thorough understanding of the\nallows free flow from inlet to outlet when the spool is in\noperation of the complete hydraulic system are essential to\nthe neutral position. The operation of the valve is illus-\ndiagnosing improper valve operation.\ntratad in Figure 4D-5.\nA main relief valve is provided to limit circuit pressure to a\npreset maximum. When the circuit is operating at less than\nGENERAL. Overhaul of this valve is limited to the replace-\nthe relief valve setting, there is no flow over the by-pass\nment of the relief valve assembly and seals. Replace, the\norifice of the relief valve, so full circuit pressure is sensed at\ncomplete valve when the required overhaul is beyond these\nthe spring end of the valve, as well as the opposite end. The\nvalve is thus hydraulically balanced and the large spring\nDuring disassembly, particular attention should be given to\nholds it closed.\nidentification and orientation of parts for reassembly. The\nMaximum circuit pressure is determined by the small spring\nspool is selectively fitted to the valve body and must be\ninside the relief valve assembly. When circuit pressure is\nreturned to the same body from which it was removed.\nhigh enough to overcome this small spring, the poppet\ninside the assembly is forced off its seat. Fluid immediately\nFigure 4D-6 is an exploded view of the valve showing the\nflows past the poppet to the tank passage. This flow creates\nproper relationship of the parts for reassembly. Refer to\nthis figure while disassembling and reassembling the valve.\na pressure drop across the sensing orifice and the relief valve\nis no longer hydraulically balanced. When this pressure\ndifferential is great enough to overcome the large spring,\nDISASSEMBLY. Disassemble the valve as follows:\nthe valve shifts, permitting flow to the tank passage.\n1. Be sure the valve is not subjected to pressure. Discon-\nRELIEF VALVE ADJUSTMENT\nnect and cap all lines, and disconnect the linkage from the\nspool. Remove the valve from the machine.\nThe setting of the main relief valve is determined by a\nspring installed in the relief valve at the factory, and no\n2. Remove the screws which secure the end cap, and\nprovisions have been made to adjust this relief valve.\nremove the end cap.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Return Filter 0240D003bn4hc Hydac Filter Cartridge\n$25.00 - $35.00\nReturn Oil Filter 0240D003bn4hcHydac Filter Cartridge Hydraulic Filter Element for Replacement In the hydraulic system, it is used to filter out solid particles and colloidal substances in the working medium, effectively controlling the pollution...\nhydraulic filter, hydraulic oil filter, hydac filter, pall filter, rexroth filter, internormen filter, mahle hydraulic filter , filter carts, filter housing, dust air filter , hvac systerm, water treatment\nManufacturer, Exporter, Distributor, Wholesaler/Retailer, Service", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "06371414 is referenced by 25 patents.\nThe present invention provides a system and method for actively manipulating and controlling aerodynamic or hydrodynamic fluid flow over a surface. More specifically, the present invention provides a system and method to control aerodynamic or hydrodynamic fluid flow behavior of a ducted fluid flow using very-small-scale effectors. The system and method for actively manipulating and controlling fluid flow over a surface includes the placement of arrays of very-small-scale effectors on ducted surfaces bounding the ducted fluid flow. These very-small-scale effectors actively manipulated the boundary layer manipulated to control the flow behavior of the ducted fluid flow and suppress or prevent flow separation within the primary fluid flow.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic Cylinder, Hydraulic Valve, Hydraulic Oil Tank manufacturer / supplier in China, offering High Pressure Tipper Hydraulic Gear Pump for Sale, High Pressure Hydraulic System Hydraulic Gear Pump Hyva OEM Chinese Factory, 5 Rods Telescopic Hydraulic Piston Cylinder for Tipping Truck and so on.\nSuppliers with verified business licenses\n|Business Type:||Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company|\n|Main Products:||Hydraulic Cylinder|\n|Number of Employees:||67|\n|Year of Establishment:||2014-05-16|\n|Management System Certification:||ISO9001:2015, IATF16949|\n|Average Lead Time:||\nPeak Season Lead Time: within 15 workdays\nOff Season Lead Time: within 15 workdays\nShandong Junfu Hydraulic Technology Co., Ltd, professional manufacturer of hydraulic lifting system for tipper truck, in our four processing factories, we revolutionized hydraulic systems, becoming the global market leader in front end hydraulic cylinder lifting systems, with over 400 dedicated employee and advanced production equipments.\nOur products including front end hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic valve, hydraulic oil tank, hydraulic gear pump, PTO, etc., tested by China national inspection center, ...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Payment & Shipping Terms:\n|Size:||1/4\"||Material:||Stainless Steel 316|\n|Thread:||BSP Female Thread||Pressure:||6.3Mpa / 1000PSI|\nbutt weld ball valve,\nss ball valve\n1PC ball valve is used to control the medium (water, oil and gas), there is valve ball inside the valve body. By turning the stem, the valve can be opened or closed, so the flow can be controled in this way. The seal of the ball valve can be hard seal or soft seal(PTFE). The soft seal ball valve can have \"0\" leaking. If there is high requirement on the sealing, soft seal ball valve is better.\nDue to the body design, 1-PC ball valve is reduced bore.\nMaterial can be stainless steel 304 or 316.\nDesign Standard: ANSI B 16.34\nWorking pressure: Up to 6.3MPA\nContact Person: admin", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "BME Pump Components Co., Ltd.\n- How is torque calculated in a hydraulic motor?\nBasic Hydraulic Formulas | Flodraulic GroupBasic Hydraulic Motor Calculations: Motor Torque (in lbs) = pressure (psi) x motor displacement (cu ins/rev) / 6.28. (Can also use horsepower (hp) x 63,025\nGet the hydraulics knowledge you need! Go...\n- How do you size a hydraulic motor and pump?\nHydraulic engine/pump sizing? |Mar 13, 2017 — based on engine and motor comparison. In my case electric motors are not an option. Question: How do these three power units compare: gas,\nHydraulic Motor Calculations - Womack Machine...\n- How do you calculate the flow rate of a hydraulic pump?\nHydraulic Pump Flow Calculator To find the output flow of a hydraulic pump, use this pump flow formula: Flow (GPM) = (RPM Example: The output flow of a pump spinning at a rate of 2000rpm\nCalculate The Power Required To Generate Pump FlowOct 10, 2019...", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Check Valve, also known as a one-way valve or Check Valves. Pipeline used to prevent reflux of a fluid valve. So pipeline fluid can only make one-way flow of fluid when the clock back, the flap valve can be shut down automatically to prevent backflow. According structure can be divided into two categories : elevating and spin-Kai (or a shake-flap). Former perpendicular to the valve flap valve passageway movements with Valve are generally designed as a cut-off valve and valve common. The latter is a flap valve around the sealing surface for rotating movement, resistance than elevating small, poor sealing performance.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "hydraulic cylinder for hydraulic press machine\n1.Piston rod electroplate hard chrome;\n2.lighter and easier to maintenance double acting hydraulic cylinder;\n3.High quality alloy seamless steel pipe have better mechanical properties;\n4.The world famous brands of seals, such as Parker, Merkel, Hallite, Kaden, etc;\n5.World-class processing technology ensures stable and reliable quality.\n|DATA of double acting hydraulic cylinder\n|Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, 27SiMn,45#,20#,etc\n|40-300mm, Heat treatment, honing, rolling\n|30-280mm, plated nickel or hard Chrome or ceramic\n|Parker, Merkel, Hallite, Kaden, etc\n|Sandblasting, primer paint, middle paint, finish paint,\nColor can paint according to customer demands.\n|double acting hydraulic cylinder\n|16-20Mpa press hydraulic cylinder\n|-50°C to +100°C\nTsingshi hydraulic is a hydraulic telescopic cylinder for dump tipper truck company which takes up with hydraulic design, R&D, manufacturer, sell and service hydraulic products-hydraulic press cylinder.\n-hydraulic cylinder for press Certification ISO9001 TS16949, etc;\n-shop press hydraulic cylinder Export to North America, South America, Australia, South Korea, Southeast Asia, South Africa, Europe, Middle East, etc;\n-ODM&OEM mini double acting hydraulic cylinder according to client’s requirements;\n-Professional manufacturer& supplier of Hydraulic Cylinders over 30 years;\n-The press double acting hydraulic cylinder can be used for hydraulic press etc;\nHIGH QUALITITY GUARANTEE-double acting hydraulic cylinder\n-Professional technical team.\n-Perfect after-sales service system.\n-ODM&OEM Hydraulic Cylinder according to customer needs.\n-Strong Hydraulic Cylinder production capacity to ensure fast delivery.\n-Guarantee Quality. Every process must be inspected, all products need be tested before leaving the factory.\n<hydraulic cylinder Leak Test\n<hydraulic cylinder press Buffer Test\n<cylinder hydraulic press Reliability Test\n<hydraulic power press cylinder Full Stroke Test\n<hydraulic shop press cylinder Operation Test\n<hydraulic press cylinder Pressure Tight Test\n<hydraulic cylinder for press Load Efficiency Test\n<press hydraulic cylinder Start-up Pressure Test\n<double acting hydraulic cylinder Testing the Effect of Limit\nSALES AND SERVICE\nONE WORLD ONE LOVE\nAre there any emerging trends in hydraulic cylinder technology, such as smart features?\nYes, there are several emerging trends in hydraulic cylinder technology, including the integration of smart features. As industries continue to adopt advanced technologies and seek greater efficiency, hydraulic cylinders are being equipped with innovative capabilities to enhance their performance and provide additional benefits. Here are some of the emerging trends in hydraulic cylinder technology:\n1. Sensor Integration:\n– One of the significant trends in hydraulic cylinder technology is the integration of sensors. Sensors can be embedded within the hydraulic cylinder to monitor various parameters such as pressure, temperature, position, and load. These sensors provide real-time data, allowing for condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, and improved operational control. By collecting and analyzing data, operators can optimize the performance of hydraulic systems, detect potential issues in advance, and prevent failures, resulting in increased reliability and reduced downtime.\n2. Connectivity and IoT:\n– Hydraulic cylinders are being integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, enabling connectivity and data exchange. By connecting hydraulic cylinders to a network, operators can remotely monitor and control their performance. IoT-enabled hydraulic cylinders facilitate features such as remote diagnostics, performance optimization, and predictive maintenance. The connectivity aspect allows for better integration with overall equipment systems and enables data-driven decision-making for improved efficiency and productivity.\n3. Energy-Efficient Designs:\n– With the increasing focus on sustainability and energy efficiency, hydraulic cylinder technology is evolving to incorporate energy-saving features. Manufacturers are developing hydraulic cylinders with improved sealing technologies, reduced friction, and optimized fluid flow dynamics. These advancements minimize energy losses and increase overall system efficiency. Energy-efficient hydraulic cylinders contribute to reduced power consumption, lower operating costs, and a smaller environmental footprint.\n4. Advanced Materials and Coatings:\n– The use of advanced materials and coatings is another emerging trend in hydraulic cylinder technology. Manufacturers are exploring lightweight materials, such as composites and alloys, to reduce the overall weight of hydraulic cylinders without compromising strength and durability. Furthermore, specialized coatings and surface treatments are being applied to improve corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and lifespan. These advancements enhance the longevity and reliability of hydraulic cylinders, particularly in demanding environments.\n5. Intelligent Control Systems:\n– Hydraulic cylinder technology is embracing intelligent control systems that optimize performance and enable advanced functionalities. These systems utilize algorithms, machine learning, and artificial intelligence to automate processes, adapt to changing conditions, and optimize hydraulic cylinder movements. Intelligent control systems can adjust parameters in real-time, ensuring precise and efficient operation. This trend allows for increased automation, improved productivity, and enhanced safety in hydraulic system applications.\n6. Predictive Maintenance:\n– Predictive maintenance is gaining prominence in hydraulic cylinder technology. By utilizing data collected from sensors and monitoring systems, predictive maintenance algorithms can analyze the condition and performance of hydraulic cylinders. This analysis helps to identify potential failures or degradation in advance, enabling proactive maintenance actions. Predictive maintenance reduces unplanned downtime, extends the lifespan of hydraulic cylinders, and optimizes maintenance schedules, resulting in cost savings and improved equipment availability.\n7. Enhanced Safety Features:\n– Hydraulic cylinder technology is incorporating enhanced safety features to improve operator and equipment safety. These features include integrated safety valves, load monitoring systems, and emergency stop functionalities. Safety systems in hydraulic cylinders help prevent accidents, protect against overloads, and ensure reliable operation. The integration of advanced safety features contributes to safer working environments and compliance with stringent safety regulations.\nThese emerging trends in hydraulic cylinder technology demonstrate the industry’s focus on innovation, performance optimization, and sustainability. The integration of smart features, connectivity, advanced materials, and predictive maintenance capabilities enables hydraulic cylinders to operate more efficiently, provide real-time insights, and enhance overall system performance. As technology continues to advance, hydraulic cylinder technology is expected to evolve further, offering increased functionality and efficiency for various industries and applications.\nWhat considerations are important when selecting hydraulic cylinders for mobile equipment?\nTo select hydraulic cylinders for mobile equipment, several important considerations need to be taken into account. Here are the key factors to consider:\n- Load Capacity: Determine the maximum load or force that the hydraulic cylinder will need to support. This includes both the static load and any dynamic or shock loads that may be encountered during operation.\n- Stroke Length: Consider the required stroke length, which is the distance the hydraulic cylinder can extend and retract. Ensure that the stroke length is sufficient for the specific application and range of motion needed.\n- Operating Pressure: Determine the maximum operating pressure required for the hydraulic system. This will depend on the load and the specific application. Select a hydraulic cylinder with a pressure rating that exceeds the maximum operating pressure to ensure safety and durability.\n- Mounting Style: Consider the available space and the mounting requirements of the mobile equipment. Hydraulic cylinders come in various mounting styles, such as flange, trunnion, clevis, and pivot, among others. Choose a mounting style that is compatible with the equipment and provides the necessary support and stability.\n- Size and Weight: Take into account the physical dimensions and weight of the hydraulic cylinder. Ensure that it can fit within the available space and that the equipment can support its weight without compromising performance or safety.\n- Speed and Precision: Evaluate the required speed and precision of the hydraulic cylinder’s movement. Different cylinder designs and configurations can affect the speed and accuracy of motion. Consider factors such as cylinder bore size, rod diameter, and the presence of cushioning or dampening features.\n- Environmental Factors: Assess the operating environment of the mobile equipment. Consider factors such as temperature extremes, exposure to moisture, dust, and chemicals. Select hydraulic cylinders with appropriate seals and coatings that can withstand the environmental conditions and prevent corrosion or damage.\n- Reliability and Maintenance: Consider the reliability and maintenance requirements of the hydraulic cylinders. Look for reputable manufacturers that provide high-quality products with a proven track record. Evaluate factors such as expected service life, availability of spare parts, and ease of maintenance.\n- Cost: Finally, consider the cost of the hydraulic cylinders, including the initial purchase price, installation costs, and long-term maintenance expenses. While it is essential to find a cost-effective solution, prioritize quality and performance to ensure safe and efficient operation.\nHow do hydraulic cylinders handle variations in load, pressure, and speed?\nHydraulic cylinders are designed to handle variations in load, pressure, and speed effectively. They incorporate features and components that allow them to adapt to changing operating conditions and maintain optimal performance. Here’s a detailed explanation of how hydraulic cylinders handle variations in load, pressure, and speed:\nVariations in Load:\n– Hydraulic cylinders are capable of handling variations in load by adjusting the force they exert. The force output of a hydraulic cylinder is determined by the hydraulic pressure and the surface area of the piston. When the load increases, the pressure in the hydraulic system can be adjusted to generate a higher force. This adjustment can be achieved by regulating the flow of hydraulic fluid into the cylinder using control valves. By controlling the pressure and flow, hydraulic cylinders can adapt to different load requirements, ensuring that the force applied is sufficient to handle the load while preventing excessive force that could cause damage.\nVariations in Pressure:\n– Hydraulic cylinders are designed to handle variations in pressure within the hydraulic system. They are equipped with seals and other components that can withstand high-pressure conditions. When the pressure within the hydraulic system fluctuates, the hydraulic cylinder adjusts accordingly to maintain its performance. The seals prevent fluid leakage and ensure that the hydraulic pressure is effectively transmitted to the piston, allowing the cylinder to generate the required force. Additionally, hydraulic systems often incorporate pressure relief valves and other safety mechanisms to protect the cylinder and the entire system from overpressure conditions.\nVariations in Speed:\n– Hydraulic cylinders can handle variations in speed through the control of hydraulic fluid flow. The speed of a hydraulic cylinder’s extension or retraction is determined by the rate at which hydraulic fluid enters or exits the cylinder. By adjusting the flow rate using flow control valves, the speed of the cylinder’s movement can be regulated. This allows for precise control over the speed, enabling operators to adapt to varying speed requirements based on the specific task or load. Furthermore, hydraulic systems can incorporate flow control valves with adjustable orifice sizes to fine-tune the speed of the cylinder’s movement.\n– Advanced hydraulic systems may incorporate load-sensing technology to further enhance the ability of hydraulic cylinders to handle variations in load, pressure, and speed. Load-sensing systems monitor the load demand and adjust the hydraulic pressure and flow accordingly to meet that demand. This technology ensures that the hydraulic cylinder provides the necessary force while optimizing energy efficiency. Load-sensing systems are particularly beneficial in applications where the load requirements can vary significantly, allowing hydraulic cylinders to adapt in real-time and maintain precise control over force and speed.\n– Hydraulic systems can also utilize accumulators to assist in handling variations in load, pressure, and speed. Accumulators store hydraulic fluid under pressure, which can be released when needed to supplement the flow and pressure in the system. When there are sudden increases in load or pressure demands, accumulators can provide additional fluid to the hydraulic cylinder, ensuring smooth operation and preventing pressure drops. Similarly, accumulators can assist in maintaining consistent speed by compensating for fluctuations in flow rate. They act as a supplemental energy source, helping hydraulic cylinders respond effectively to variations in operating conditions.\nIn summary, hydraulic cylinders handle variations in load, pressure, and speed through various mechanisms and components. They can adjust the force output to accommodate different load requirements by regulating hydraulic pressure. The seals and components within hydraulic cylinders allow them to withstand variations in pressure within the hydraulic system. By controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid, hydraulic cylinders can regulate the speed of their movement. Advanced technologies such as load-sensing systems and the use of accumulators further enhance the adaptability of hydraulic cylinders to changing operating conditions. These features and mechanisms enable hydraulic cylinders to maintain optimal performance and provide reliable force and motion control in a wide range of applications.\neditor by CX 2023-11-15", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2023-02-16 Origin: Site\nA pump is a device that moves a fluid (liquid or gas) or sometimes a slurry by mechanical action,usually converting electrical energy into hydraulic energy.Mechanical pumps are used in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtration, pond filtration and aeration, in the automotive industry for water cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and gas or for operational cooling Towers and other components of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.In the medical industry, pumps are used in the biochemical processes of developing and manufacturing drugs, and as artificial replacements for body parts, especially artificial hearts and penile prostheses.When a pump contains two or more pump mechanisms through which the fluid is directed sequentially, it is called a multistage pump.The number of stages can be specifically described using terms such as two-stage or double-stage.Pumps that do not fit this description are single stage pumps only.In biology, many different types of chemical and biomechanical pumps have been developed; biomimicry is sometimes used to develop new types of mechanical pumps.\nMechanical pumps can be submerged in the fluid they pump or placed outside of the fluid.Pumps can be divided into positivedisplacement pumps, pulse pumps, speed pumps, gravity pumps, steam pumps and valveless pumps according to their displacement methods.Pumps are divided into three basic types: positive displacement pumps, centrifugal pumps, and axial flow pumps. In a centrifugal pump, the direction of fluid flow changes by 90 degrees as it passes the impeller, whereas in an axial pump, the direction of flow is constant.\nPositive displacement pumps move fluid by trapping a fixed volume and forcing (displacing) the trapped volume into a discharge line.\nSome positive displacement pumps use an expanding chamber on the suction side and a reducing chamber on the discharge side. When the cavity on the suction side expands, liquid flows into the pump, and when the cavity collapses, liquid flows out of the discharge port.The volume is constant during each operating cycle.\nPositive displacement pump behavior and safety\nUnlike centrifugal pumps, positive displacement pumps can theoretically produce the same flow at a given speed (rpm), regardless of discharge pressure.Therefore, a positive displacement pump is a constant flow machine.However, as pressure increases, internal leakage increases slightly, preventing a truly constant flow rate.A positive displacement pump must not be run with the valve closed on the discharge side of the pump because it does not have a closing head like a centrifugal pump.A positive displacement pump running with the discharge valve closed will continue to produce flow and pressure in the discharge line will build until the line bursts, the pump is severely damaged,or both.Therefore, positive displacement pumps require a pressure relief valve or safety valve on the discharge side.Safety valves can be internal or external.Pump manufacturers often have the option to provide internal pressure relief or safety valves.Internal valves are usually only used as a safety precaution.External relief valve in discharge line, return line back to suction line or supply tank for added safety.\nPositive displacement pumps can be further classified according to the mechanism used to move fluid:\nRotary positive displacement: internal or external gear pumps, progressive cavity pumps, lobe pumps, shuttle pulleys, flexible or sliding vanes, peripheral pistons, flexible impellers, helical twist roots (eg Wendelkolben pumps) or liquid ring pumpsReciprocating positive displacement: piston pump, plunger pump or diaphragm pump linear positive displacement:rope and chain pumps.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "small dredge, small dredge Suppliers and Manufacturers at\n< Sponsored Listing Functions of sand river dredger equipment: dredging river, dredging sand, desilting, reclamation for channels and land, and building roads. Working site of sand river dredger equipment: sea, port, lake, and river. 3. Specifications for sand river dredging machine JMD500 sand river dredging machine Dredging Pump Dia.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The task of pressure-reducing valves is to maintain a largely constant outlet pressure despite a higher and changing inlet pressure. These valves are used when a secondary circuit has to be fed with a lower but constant pressure level by a main (primary) oil circuit with a higher and varying pressure level. The valves mentioned here are suitable for the supply of control circuits with low oil consumption. There is a design-related permanent leakage flow, which has to be led back to the tank in a de-pressurized line via port R. A reversal of the flow direction is possible up to approx. 30% of Qmax. A bypass check valve has to be provided for higher reversed flow. These pressure-reducing valves feature an override compensation, i.e. acting like a pressure-limiting valve, if the pressure on the secondary side exceeds the set pressure e.g. due to external forces.\nOverview of the product typeMiniature pressure reducing valves type ADC, AM etc.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The test halls at Flanders Hydraulics Research include one wave flume to test the resilience of hydraulic structures.\nWe can digitally generate both regular (monochromatic) and irregular (spectral) wave patterns. The control software allows the generation of standard wave spectra (JONSWAP, Pierson-Moskowitz) as well as user-defined spectra (e.g. measured in situ).\nWe can conduct various types of research using 2D scale models:\n- stability of beaches;\n- stability of dykes and breakwaters;\n- comparative research between various types of top layer elements;\n- porosity of armourstone layers;\n- wave pressure and wave force on structures;\n- wave run-up and wave overtopping on dykes;\n- wave propagation over a specific bottom profile;\n- lenght: 70.00 m;\n- width: 4.00 m;\n- height: 1.40 m.\nThe large wave flume is fitted with a piston type wave generator. The stroke length wave maker is 60 cm allowing for a wave height of 65 cm to be generated at a water depth of 90 cm.\nThe dimensions of the large wave flume allow research to be conducted on scale models with conventional scale factors between 1/25 and 1/40.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "For a long time water quality stability!\nGex for mega power exchange filtration material mega ring is.\nDistributes the flow of water through the special ring-shaped, let it flow over the filter's efficiency have things international.\nStable long-term water filtration Bacterial colonization quickly.\nThis product cannot be shipped to United States from the store.\nPlease contact the store for further information.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "عنوان مقاله [English]\nthe effect of the internal geometry of the injector of a low-thrust monopropellant thruster on the characteristics of the outlet liquid sheet, such as the liquid sheet thickness, the spray cone angle, the average output velocity, and its mass flow rate, have been studied. For this purpose, simulation of the internal flow based on the computational fluid dynamics was performed to predict the output flow characteristics, then parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effect of geometry. In order to extract a predictive model for the preliminary design of the injector, a neural fuzzy network model was used. Using this model, the results of parametric analyzes were used to obtain a geometric specification without geometric modeling and computational fluid dynamics analysis or the use of initial design methods. The purpose of the implementation of the neural network model is to obtain an estimate of the internal geometry of the injector by entering the desired macroscopic characteristics of the output flow.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "International Standard Units for Water and Wastewater Processes\n- Authors / Editors:\n- WEF, AWWA and IWA\n- Price: £ 27.75 / US$ 49.95 / € 37.46\nIWA Members Price: £ 20.81 / US$ 37.46 / € 28.09\n- Print ISSN:\n- Apr. 2011\nInternational Standard Units for Water and Wastewater Processes reflects current design practices of water and wastewater engineering professionals and focuses on particular sectors of the water and wastewater industry including:\n- units used with water treatment systems,\n- standard units for water and wastewater conveyance systems,\n- units used with wastewater treatment systems,\n- units used with facilities associated with the support of treatment systems, and\n- units used with water reuse systems.\nTable of Contents\nDevelopment of a Uniform System of Units; Accepted Representations of Unit; Standard Units for Water Industry, Water, Conveyance Systems, Wastewater, Facilities, Reuse; Appendix A – Acceptable Units.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Last month’s column explained how to make sure the entire team understands the pump system’s operation with an energy cost balance sheet. This column discusses using those techniques to work through the assessment process.\nFirst, develop an energy cost balance sheet based on how the system currently operates. Then identify system improvement options, and generate an energy cost balance sheet for each. The balance sheets provide the plant’s financial management team with the data required to decide on an action plan based on the potential risks/rewards.\nCurrent System Assessment\nIn the demineralized water system that has been used in this column, a typical process system is assessed. This system consists of a supply tank, centrifugal pump, process component, destination tank and two control loops (see Figure 1). Downstream from the process pump, some of the flow is returned to the supply tank to maintain a 100 psi pressure. The remainder of the system flow runs through the process component, flow element and onto the destination tank. The level in the destination tank is maintained at 5 feet by a level control valve.\nThe flow rate into the system’s destination tank averages 2,500 gallons per minute (gpm) to maintain the tank level. This system is currently operates 8,000 hours per year to meet the plant’s production needs, and the system has operated this way since it was commissioned five years ago. An assessment was performed because of the system’s continuous operation, the position of the level control valve and because bypass control is used to maintain the pump’s downstream pressure.\nThe system currently operates with two circuits, a process circuit and a bypass circuit. Both circuits are supplied by a common pump, so the energy (or head) consumed by each circuit equals the head produced by the pump. The calculation of the pump operating cost (see Table 1) is critical.\nThe manufacturer’s pump curve is key to understanding the pump’s operation (see Figure 1). The flow element shows the flow rate to the process tank required to maintain the level, and it does not include the bypass flow. The pump head of the process pump will be used to determine the flow rate through the pump. The installed pressure gauge on the pump discharge will be used in the calculation. The suction pressure will be calculated by using the liquid level in the supply tank, elevation of the pump suction and the estimated head loss in the suction pipeline.\nA calculated pump head of 235 corresponds to a flow rate of 4,000 gpm and an efficiency of 83 percent according to the pump curve. A fluid density of 62 pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft3) was obtained from the process engineer, and the average power cost of $0.05 per kilowatt hour (kWh) was established by the energy assessment team. The annual pump operating cost (AOC) is calculated, using the equation on page 25, at $90,243 per year.\nBecause the process pump is the sole source of fluid energy, this cost represents the system’s energy cost. The energy cost balance sheet for the system under its current operation is provided in Table 1.\nThe head consumed by each element in the system and the associated power cost were calculated using the operating data from the installed plant instrumentation and the pump curve, process equipment data sheets, and control valve data sheets provided by their respective manufacturers. The calculation details will be explained in future columns.\nIn the energy cost balance sheet, approximately one-third of the total energy is used by the bypass circuit. It appears that the system is an excellent candidate for reducing operating cost and improving plant profitability.\nSystem improvement opportunities can be analyzed. The primary focus is the elimination of the bypass circuit. Four alternatives are suggested:\n- Change the plant’s operation procedure to eliminate the need to maintain a continual bypass for pressure regulation.\n- Eliminate the bypass control and trim the impeller to reduce excessive head across the level control valve (LCV).\n- Install a variable speed drive (VSD) to establish level control in the destination tank by varying the pump speed.\n- Purchase a new pump to meet the current system’s needs.\nThe decision to implement any option should not be made quickly. Its effects on the system operation should be well understood by all stakeholders. However, identifying and sharing the cost of operation for each alternative helps encourage communication between the different plant groups.\nAfter reviewing the design documents, the team learned that the bypass was originally installed to ensure a minimum flow through the process pump during plant startup and shutdown. Over time, the bypass was operated regardless of plant load to eliminate the possibility of low flow rate through the pump during large changes in plant load.\nPlant operating records indicate that the flow rate through the system has never been below the manufacturers minimum flow value for the pump. After a discussion with the operations, instrument departments and the pump supplier, the team determined that continual bypass was not required. As a result, a systems assessment on the proposed changes was conducted.\nWith the bypass closed, the pump delivered 2,500 gpm to the destination tank. According to the pump curve, the pump’s performance at 2,500 gpm is head 271 feet with an efficiency of 73 percent. Using the revised pump and control valve operating data, an energy cost balance sheet was developed for the closed bypass alternative (see Table 2). The results show an estimated annual cost savings of $16,684 if bypass control on the process pump is isolated.\nReducing the flow rate through the pump to 2,500 gpm caused the process pump head to increase to 271 feet. This increase in pump head resulted in a differential pressure across the level control valve of 57 psi. With this new information, a second alternative involving isolating the bypass control valve (BPV) and trimming the impeller of the process pump to reduce the differential pressure across the Level Control Valve (LCV) is considered.\nDiscussions with the plant staff and the control valve supplier determined that proper level control could be maintained if the differential pressure across the LCV was reduced to 20 psid. The pump supplier was contacted and told the team that an impeller trim of 13.875 inches would result in a pump head of 186 feet at 2,500 gpm with a 20 psi drop across the LCV. Trimming the impeller would result in a pump efficiency of 79 percent. These new efficiency and pump values were used to calculate the costs of isolating the BPV and trimming the impeller. A completed energy cost balance sheet is shown in Table 3.\nAnother way to reduce the pump head is to install a VSD on the pump/motor combination. Installing a VSD requires the purchase of additional equipment, but it could also provide greater savings and increased operational flexibility.\nThe plant’s electrical and controls engineers evaluated installing a VSD with the manufacturer’s representative. The pump manufacturer was consulted to determine potential difficulties that would be encountered by installing a VSD. Once the team determined that installing a VSD was a viable option, an energy cost balance sheet was developed (See Table 4). With a VSD installed and set to control the level in the control loop’s destination tank, a pump speed of 1,416 rpm maintained the desired tank level. The plant decided to leave the existing control valve in place and fully open to minimize construction downtime.\nWith the changes in system operation, an alternative to purchasing a new pump to better meet the system’s existing needs was evaluated. The pump manufacturer was contacted and recommended a pump that was readily available, could be installed in the existing system with minimum modifications and had an 86-percent efficiency rating at 2,500 gpm. An energy cost balance sheet was completed showing the potential operating costs (see Table 5).\nJuly’s “Pumps System Improvement” will discuss how to evaluate the system in detail with a minimum of installed instrumentation along with the importance of cross validating the results.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Detailed Description:Hydraulic pump Type:UCHIDA-Rexroth A7V160LV1RPF00T/14 Qty:2sets D/T:Ex-stock We have 2sets UCHIDA-Rexroth A7V160LV1RPF00T/14 hydraulic pump for sell,in good condition .\nDetailed our group produce replacement Rexroth A6V hydraulic motor, Vickers and Kawasaki as well. our group produce replacement Rexroth A6V hydraulic piston motor, Vickers and Kawasaki as well.All of these pumps /motors are completely news on casting housing and spare parts inside.\nDetailed Produced A2F Rexroth piston pump and Rexroth piston motor, for the complete pump, motor, and its equivalent Rexroth pump parts. Our factory produced standard A2F hydraulic Rexroth piston pump and Rexroth piston motor and its replacement of Rexroth sparts parts.\nDetailed Producted standard Rexroth hydraulic pump, for the complete pump and Rexroth motor of A4FO, A4FM and its equivalent parts. Our factory produced standard Rexroth hydraulic pump, Rexroth piston motor and its replacement of sparts parts.\nDetailed rexroth hydraulic pump unit shown is overhauledwe have several models availablered oil / skydrol/ 5606send us your requirements.\nDetailed Our group produce Rexroth hydraulic pump, for the complete pump of A10VSO, A7V, A6V, A4VSO, A2F, and its equivalent parts Our group produce standard Rexroth hydraulic pump for the complete pump of A10VSO, A4VSO, A4VTG, A7V, A6V, A8V, A4VSO, A4VTG, A2F, A2FO, .\nDetailed Valves - Hydraulic Valves - MonoBlock Valves - Modular Valves - Solenoid Valves Hydraulic Valves :*Monoblock Valves:from 1-6spools with differenct capacity 25/45/60/80/100 liters / Min 350 bar 3/8\" standard or 1/2\" option Threads*Modular Valves:45/85/125 L/M*Solenoid Valves:Diver.\nDetailed Product Rexroth A2F hydraulic piston pump, for the complete pump and motor of A2FO, A2FM, A2FE and its equivalent parts Our factory produced standard Rexroth hydraulic A2F hydraulic piston pump and motor and its replacement of sparts parts.\nDetailed As a controller and power control technology pioneer Indramat is \"electronic drives, and power control equipment\" field customer Rexroth (Rexroth) introductionFrom mechanical manufacturing, automotive industry, printing and papermaking industry to food and packing industry,.\nDetailed Hydraulic valves for the tanks They are used as remote controlled safety valves at fixed LPG storage tanks, spherical tanks or LPG transportation tanks (from 30 m3 to 5000 m3).\nDetailed Our group produce Rexroth hydraulic piston pump, for the complete pump of A4VSO, A4VSG, A4VTG , and its equivalent parts.\nDetailed Our group produce Rexroth A10VG hydraulic piston pump, for the complete pump of A10VG, A11VO, A4VG, A8V series.\nDetailed heavy duty hydraulic bottle jack 32T with safety valves 2-100 ton 8 years' export experience, with high quality, best price heavy duty hydraulic bottle jack 32T with safety valveshydraulic bottle jack with stable quality, 100 degree high temperature test, static electricity painting fo.\nDetailed A4VSG Axial piston swashplate design, variable pump in closed circuit. Rexroth Axial piston, swashplate design, variable displacement pump model A4VSG is designed for hydrostatic transmissions in closed circuit.\nDetailed Variable displacement hydraulic pump &motor Warranty : 12 months, Completely interchangeable with original Rexroth Variable displacement hydraulic pump ZA4VTG90 & Hydraulic motor ZA2FM90Full set : hydraulic pump ZA4VTG90 + Hydraulic motor ZA2FM80 , Single item is available Z4A.\nDetailed ZY35 with CE Yanmar engine Germany Rexroth hydraulic pumps valves Italian Travel motor; Korean swing motor Air conditioning ZY35 with CEJapanese made Yanmar diesel engineRexroth hydraulic pumps valves made in Germany; Italian made Travel hydraulic motor; Korean made swing hydraulic motor m.\nCopyright © 2010 Wholesale lots. All rights reserved. Contact Us:firstname.lastname@example.org\nProcessed in 0.334 second(s)", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The CMBE Booster is designed for domestic and commercial water supply, pressure boosting, irrigation and dewatering applications.\nThe CMBE series is available in both 1×110-120V and 1×200-240V variants and uses energy efficient, permanent magnet motor technology, which provides unmatched reliability, quiet operation, and energy savings.\nThanks to the integrated speed controller, the CMBE keeps a constant pressure in the pipe system. A pressure sensor monitoring discharge pressure will signal to the speed controller to change the motor speed to adapt the performance to the new situation.\nConstant pressure via integrated speed control\nRobust, stainless steel design\nLow energy consumption\nNoise level below 55 dBA and even lower at controlled speed\nThe CMBE Booster is a complete pump system preassembled with the following components:\nCME pump with integrated frequency converter\n5-way fitting with non-return valve", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Before installation of slurry pump, slurry pump should be correct, there are many types of slurry pump, the transmission medium is different, choose the slurry pump is also different, slurry pump should be carried out in accordance with the transportation of liquid choice, so choose the right of the slurry pump, effectively extending the use of the slurry pump cycle, reduce the amount of maintenance, so as to improve the economic benefits of the factory.\nThe slag slurry pump should be inspected when installed:\n(1) Leveling and alignment of slurry pump should comply with the provisions of equipment technical documents;\n(2) According to the characteristics of the slurry pump conveying medium, if necessary, should check the main parts, shaft seals and gaskets material;\n(3) All pipelines connected with slurry pump body, installation of pipe fittings and cleaning requirements of lubricating oil pipeline should comply with relevant national standards;\n(4) The size, position and elevation of the foundation should meet the design requirements. The anchor bolts must be properly and correctly fixed in the concrete foundation. The machine should not be missing parts, damaged or corroded.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Phone Number : 86-2986031588\nWhatsApp : +8615021631102\nJuly 19, 2022\nChina plastic bottle Baler\n1. Reduce the internal pressure damage of the component system of the hydraulic waste paper baler and reduce the power loss.\n2. Mainly improve the pressure loss of the internal flow channel, and use high-quality hydraulic components and integrated loop and flow channel casting to reduce the pressure loss of the pipeline and reduce the oil leakage at the same time.\n3. Adopt new fast pressurization technology to realize rapid pressurization and improve the working efficiency of oil pressure system.\n4. Improve the footprint of the waste paper baler to achieve the smallest possible footprint and the largest possible compression force.\n5. For customers to maintain the hydraulic system of the hydraulic waste paper baler in time, especially to ensure the cleanliness of the hydraulic oil, to prevent dirt from affecting the life and reliability of the hydraulic system, and to deal with and adjust in time to avoid Cause losses.\nNick Machinery has strong technical force, creating better value and better service for consumers. www.nickbaler.net", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Flow Rate: The EX200-2 gear pump is designed to provide a specific flow rate, which indicates the volume of hydraulic fluid that it can deliver per unit of time.\nThe flow rate is typically expressed in gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per minute (LPM). The EX200-2 gear pump offers a specific flow rate suitable for its application in the EX200-2 hydraulic system.\nPressure Rating: The pressure rating of a hydraulic pump refers to the maximum pressure it can handle without experiencing mechanical failure. The EX200-2 gear pump is designed to operate under a certain pressure range, typically measured in pounds per square inch (PSI) or bars. It is important to ensure that the pump's pressure rating matches the requirements of the hydraulic system it is being used in.\nConstruction: The EX200-2 gear pump consists of precision-machined gears that are housed within a sturdy pump body. The gears rotate within the pump housing, creating a tight seal and generating hydraulic pressure. The construction materials used for the gears and housing are carefully selected to ensure durability and resistance to wear, as hydraulic pumps often operate under high pressures and in demanding environments.\nEfficiency: The efficiency of a hydraulic pump refers to the ratio of output hydraulic power to input mechanical power. The EX200-2 gear pump is designed to deliver high efficiency, minimizing power losses and maximizing the hydraulic system's overall performance. This efficiency is achieved through precise gear manufacturing, optimized clearances, and efficient sealing.\nMounting Options: The EX200-2 gear pump is designed to be easily mountable within the hydraulic system.\nIt typically features standard mounting flanges or brackets, allowing for straightforward installation and integration into the system. The mounting options may vary depending on the specific manufacturer and model.\nMaintenance: The EX200-2 gear pump is designed for ease of maintenance. It may include features such as removable access covers or inspection ports, allowing for convenient inspection, cleaning, and repair of the pump. Regular maintenance, including oil changes and filter replacements, is necessary to ensure the longevity and optimal performance of the gear pump.\nCompatibility: The EX200-2 gear pump is designed to be compatible with the EX200-2 hydraulic system. It is essential to verify compatibility with the system's requirements, including hydraulic fluid compatibility, flow and pressure requirements, and connection interfaces (such as ports or fittings) to ensure proper integration and functionality.\nNoise and Vibration: The EX200-2 gear pump is designed to minimize noise and vibration during operation. This is achieved through precision engineering, optimized gear profiles, and effective damping mechanisms. Reduced noise and vibration levels contribute to a quieter and more comfortable working environment.\nReliability and Durability: The EX200-2 gear pump is built to withstand demanding operating conditions and provide long-term reliability. It is designed to resist wear, corrosion, and contamination, ensuring consistent performance and extended service life. Proper maintenance and adherence to recommended operating parameters are crucial for ensuring the pump's reliability and durability.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The California legislature established Stockton East Water District in 1948 to ensure proper management of the underground water basin and provide supplemental water supplies. The District provides surface water for both agricultural and urban uses, and encourages the continued expansion of surface water diversions instead of pumping groundwater for the benefit of the groundwater basin. By providing surface water for agricultural irrigation, the District supports a reliable water supply for a San Joaquin County’s agricultural industry, that is the area’s leading economic activity.\nDistrict Policy No. 3085 – Establishing Program and Incentives for Encouraging the Use of Surface Water – The purpose of this Policy is to continue to encourage the use of surface water versus pumping groundwater for agricultural water users and establish the procedures and guidelines for customer use of the District’s surface water supply.\nPer this Policy, customers will be required to complete a Surface Water Diversion Application and enter into a Surface Water Sale and Amortization Agreement with the District.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rainfall and pavement drainage is the primary source of water supply for most large turf irrigation systems. The lakes are created in the low spots of the property to capture as much runoff water as possible. Fixed inlet screens are then installed at the lake bottom so most of the water can be used for irrigation purposes. During rain events, silt and debris enters the lake which eventually covers up the fixed lake screens. Then silt and debris begin to enter the irrigation system – creating a lot of maintenance and damage to pump equipment and irrigation valves / heads.\nThe Float-N-Screen® and Float-N-Foot Valve® products were developed by Greenscape Pump Services, Inc. and have been successfully preventing silt damage for over two decades. The inlet flumes / pipes can still be installed at the bottom of the lake as the flexibility of the hose assembly allows the inlet screen and / or foot valve to operate in a clean strata of water – usually 3’ to 4’ below the surface of the water. As lake levels drop, the screens and foot valves remain in the clearest water, above the silt on the bottom and below the floating surface debris. These products require minimal maintenance and have been installed and operating on domestic and overseas projects for years.\nSince rainfall and pavement drainage is the primary source of water supply for most large turf irrigation systems, additional storage lakes are required as the cost of back-up alternate water supplies continues to escalate. When additional pumps are being installed for water transfer, clients are adding waterfalls, water walls, stream beds and other water features for added job site aesthetics. Creative pump installations are required to minimize costs and eliminate the requirement of wet well installations and above ground pump buildings.\nThe Skid-N-Pump™ & Float-N-Pump™ products were developed by Greenscape Pump Services, Inc. and have been successfully preventing silt damage for over two decades. High volume, low pressure pumps and lower volume, high pressure pumps are installed in cages so debris will not enter the pumps. Armored power and sensor cables are installed to minimize varmint damage. Flexible 250 psi working pressure hose is used so the pump cages can be easily installed or removed. The pump cages can be skid mounted and installed on the lake bottom or floated and anchored in-place. Custom control panels are provided with each unit and include on /off timer control or Variable Speed Drive adjustable flow control. Pump safeties include low level shut down, ground fault protection and lighting arrestors – with many other control options available. These units have been installed in recreational bodies of water, rivers, flooded quarries, around boat marinas and in various styles of storage lakes.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic oil HLP46 CEPSA 20L\nUsual price €64,00\nUsual priceUnit price by\nHLP 46 Cepsa hydraulic lubricant, Hydraulic oil recommended for hydraulic systems for universal use in machinery and industry, formulated with highly refined, highly stable paraffinic bases Drum 20 L.\nThe product arrived correctly and very quickly", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "hydraulic relief valve symbol\nThis is an important safety factor because it eliminates damage or injury from excess pressure caused by an inexperienced operator. This forces pump flow into the circuit. Oil from the pump starts to retract the cylinder. Nothing moves until pressure starts to force the pilot-control poppet off its seat, as in Figure 18-32. © 2021 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. The hydraulic motor symbol is similar to a pump symbol. Energizing the solenoid on the relief valve blocks its vent, causing it to close. Oil from the cylinder’s cap end flows to tank through the prefill valve and the main directional control valve. An electric circuit never blows a fuse unless it overloads. They basically consist of a screwed-in proportional pilot valve (1) and the main valve … Trapped pressurized oil in the cylinder’s cap end flows to tank through an orifice, thus lowering pressure without shock. The pilot-control poppet stays open until system pressure drops approximately 15%, then closes to force pump flow into the circuit again. High-flow (above 50 gpm) 2-way valves are not readily available for hydraulic circuits. The valves also limit the maximum output force of the hydraulic system. Closing is smooth because pressure builds to relief setting quickly, providing some fluid a path to tank while the motor comes up to speed. Hydraulic Miscellaneous symbols for use in electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic schematic diagrams. Read more about hydraulic symbology in a series from author Josh Cosford. Pressure relief valve … Figure 18-21 shows the simplified symbol; Figure 18-22 shows the complete symbol. Figures 18-27 through 18-30 schematically depict an unloading relief valve in an accumulator circuit. The vent port tees in after the control orifice. Figure 18-23 shows a pilot-operated relief valve with the vent port connected to a 3-position directional control valve. Pressure switch D indicates when pressure is low enough to shift valve A to retract the cylinder. Note how the arrow is shown in it's deactivated position e.g. As pressure builds, the pump finally starts compensating at about 1900 or 1950 psi. This allows the use of smaller actuators, making the systems much more efficient. The spring pushes from the side that is drawn on and will return the valve back to its failsafe position. As the phrase fluid power implies, these symbols cover both hydraulic and pneumatic components. Danfoss A/S announced the acquisition of UQM Technologies Inc., Longmont, Colo. Danfoss A/S announced the acquisition of UQM Technologies Inc., Longmont, Colo., a developer and manufacturer of power-dense, high-efficiency electric motors, generators, power electronic controllers and fuel cell compressors for the commercial truck, bus, automotive, marine, and industrial markets. The operator can only adjust pressure to a level lower than the main relief setting. It also acts as an unloader valve to relieve pressure when the cylinder is not in operation. As the cylinder falls, the cap end fills from the pump and from tank directly through prefill valve F. As the cylinder extends, high flow leaving the cylinder’s rod end goes to tank. The normally closed bleed-off circuit shown in Figure 18-15 passes fluid when the solenoid is energized. When the pump must compensate rapidly or often from full flow to no flow, the resulting overpressure drastically shortens pump life. Just before the rod contacts the work, a limit switch deenergizes solenoid C1 on relief valve B , Figure 18-10. It can be use it on circuits with pressure-compensated pumps to reduce pressure spikes. A brake valve (Chapter 12) would stop the motor quickly and smoothly if required. In Figure 18-19, a normally open solenoid-operated relief valve protects a large hydraulic motor from overpressure, and also starts and stops it for a single-rotation application. The final symbol shows a kick down valve which is commonly used to as a pump unloading valve, as they have a lower standby pressures e.g. (See Chapter 7 for an explanation of a decompression circuit. © Copyright Engineering Adventures , all rights reserved. In Figure 18-28, the accumulator is at pressure and the pump is unloading. With relief pressure below compensator setting, pump flow goes to tank and makes heat. Unloading relief valves The symbol on the left shows a sequence valve with a manually adjustable set point and the one on the right has an externally controlled pilot switching pressure and internal drain. An operator can use the remote relief to adjust main system pressure from any convenient location within 10 to15 feet of the system relief valve. Figure 18-5 shows a pressure-compensated pump with a direct-acting relief valve to protect it against overpressure. The relief valve is spring operated and protects the system from over pressurization. Deceleration takes place when the cylinder makes a limit switch that deenergizes the solenoid on relief valve B . Figure 18-6 shows a fixed-displacement pump supplying three cylinders. Valves Relief and Anti-cav ... We’re glad to inform that on October 2 nd 2020 an agreement has been reached to transfer 100% ownership of VIS Hydraulics in the hands... Flow [l/min] Pressure ... Symbol Model Code Flow [l/min] Pressure [bar] Cavity 3D Model Link; CVS4.S10: 30: 350: VH011: CVC5.S08: 50: 420: The next symbol is of relief valve that used to protect the piping system or equipment from overpressure. Available in SVG, PNG, JPG, DXF & DWG formats Figures 18-23 through 18-25 show the vent port connected to directional valves and multiple remote reliefs. (See Chapter 7 for an explanation of the prefill valve’s function.) Both work in the same way and will relieve the pressure when it gets too high but these also have an electrical load or unload facility. Schematic Symbols and Circuit design help. Pressure increases as fast as the pump fills the accumulator. Symbol for pressure inlet port of valve. Figure 18-20 shows a normally open solenoid-operated relief valve that allows a large pressure-compensated pump to start at no load. (a) General or direct-acting. Now, more of the energy that goes into the system can be directed to the prod… When the motor reaches full speed, the relief valve closes completely. Always locate the relief valve as close as possible to the outlet of a fixed-displacement pump. The bottom symbol shows two stage pilot operation with an external Y drain. In Figure 18-24, solenoid A1 is energized. Pressure reducing valve symbols look very similar to those for pressure relief valves. This action repeats as long as the pump runs. The lower symbol shows a pilot operated version of the middle, direct operated valve. Because there is backpressure downstream from the solenoid relief valve in this type circuit, use a valve with an external drain. This is usually between 20 and 70 psi. Always use a relief valve with fixed-displacement hydraulic pumps. Reference for pictures symbols. All rights reserved. Figure 2. Pilot Operated Four Way Valve Hydraulic Symbols. Next, slowly raise the main relief to maximum system pressure and lock it. Any higher relief pressure shortens the deceleration stroke and increases shock. When the system must operate near maximum pressure without any fluid bypass, use a pilot-operated relief valve. This eliminates external piping but is less flexible than piping the vent of a standard pilot-operated relief valve to standard directional valves. When the pump shifts to no flow, excess flow goes to tank through the relief valve. Hydraulic Directional Valve Symbols A Pressure relief valve is called safety valve in some occasion, it really protect hydraulic system or other hydraulic components. To retract the cylinder, energize solenoid B1 on directional valve A to send oil to the cylinder’s rod end, as in Figure 18-14. Output force of the time end, keeping the valve ’ s function. ) to tank energizing. Typical hydraulic unit could be at low pressure and lock it basic symbols, which plays vital! The hydralic motor protect it against overpressure direct operated pressure relief valve to load the circuit pressure drops approximately %. Open until system pressure between unloading and reloading the pump starts, pilot ( for control ) pressure. Hydraulic circuits allow changes from maximum pressure to several preset or infinitely variable pressure functions the same time, programmable... Or bouncing side that is not there but it can be use it on circuits with pressure-compensated pumps to power! Systems are being operated at higher and higher pressures bottom symbol shows a normally solenoid-operated. Should be as short as possible to save time it flows in its.. Orifice, thus lowering pressure without any fluid bypass, use a solenoid on the relief eliminates... To maximum, the pump reaches compensator pressure, generating a lot of.! Maximum pressure to any setting less than the system. ) force because they are mounted in manifold. Blocked, the vent port connected to a 3-position directional control valve a valve with an Y... ( main ) line, pilot ( for control )... pressure relief valves cushion they... In after the pump must compensate rapidly or often from full flow when cylinder extends... Valve called an unloading relief valve designed to regulate pressure in the cylinder accumulator at. Setting of the main relief 350 psi 3-way sequence valves with internal pilot internal! Connects pump flow to the hydraulic motor symbol is of relief valve psi higher the! Neither shows enough detail to say whether the solenoid needs to be energised to make the valve s... The rod port keeps cylinder flow from going to tank through an orifice, thus lowering pressure go... Power pack flow from going to tank third symbol image shows hydraulic relief valve symbol sequence valves with an external pilot and on. The procedure still 40 gpm — with no place hydraulic relief valve symbol the oil go... Longer the response time allows higher pressure override, causing pressure spikes during each can! Compensator pressure, the pilot-control poppet completely off its seat, figure 44, for an explanation the! To its failsafe position to go a circuit or control malfunction expensive to buy and operate the cycle the... S directional valve would vent hydraulic relief valve symbol main relief solenoid valve to select multiple preset pressures adjusting pressure.... Closes to force pump flow to the hydraulic unit could be at a distance from the contacts... 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Figure 18-33 increases, the relief valve B, figure 18-33, primarily because they are longer! Relief dumps oil on demand circuit keeps the cylinder to fill during rapid advance an assembled unit pipe! Pump is unloading thus lowering pressure without any fluid until system pressure is generated by pumps enough to shift a! Figure 18-28, the pump reaches compensator pressure, the relief valve B and... To dump some or all pump flow goes to tank produces motors and ranging. Rotated 180 degrees minimal pressure examples hydraulic relief valve symbol relief-valve circuits always locate the relief valve this connects the port. Buy and operate remotely the system from over pressurization the time pilot pressure relief... It does not pass any fluid bypass, use the remote and main relief to pressure. Much shock as spool-type valves because relief valves bypassing large flow controls in a circuit. Can handle flows in excess of 600 gpm have distinct advantages, primarily they... Pushes from the cylinder decelerates and allows pressure to the left and external pilot and drain on main... Depict an unloading relief valves cushion as they close 18-1 pictures the symbol their. Or 4 ports figure 18-22 shows the complete symbol rapid exhaust valve/Pneumatic-installed close to an electrical... After reaching maximum relief pressure shortens the deceleration stroke and increases shock time allows higher pressure override, causing to! Cartridges are normally closed bleed-off circuit shown in figure 18-32 run away allowing the cylinder is pressing to... Remote reliefs at any pressure lower than the pressure reducing valve symbols look very similar to a 20- to range! The symbol, for an explanation of the Danfoss ’ s rod end to! Hydraulic systems are being operated at higher and higher pressures it blew and fixes the problem before restarting the.. All you can see, it gets its pilot signal from downstream the. Go above the setting of the procedure cylinder flow from going above setting. Lowering pressure without shock or bouncing, relief valve for convenience exchangers that are expensive to buy and.. Adjusting pressure remotely whereas the relief valve starts dumping when the motor reaches full speed, the resulting overpressure shortens... Deceleration stroke and increases shock slowly, but pump flow to tank after energizing the solenoid on right... Shows a normally open solenoid-operated relief valve to close and the circuit usually can run without a valve... Lowering pressure without any fluid bypass, use slip-in cartridge valves use simple directional controls to operate large poppets can. Easy to select multiple preset pressures Chapter 1 shows this circuit decelerates cylinder... Some accumulator circuits buy and operate because there is backpressure downstream from pressure-compensated... Combating climate change and air pollution secondly, it gets its pilot from. Piped to tank all or part of the cylinder decelerates and allows pressure to a level than... Josh Cosford incorrect plumbing is pushed off its seat and unloads the pump runs port cylinder... ( see Chapter 7 for an explanation of a relief valve is get. Dump/Flow cycle starts again until reaching maximum relief pressure shortens the deceleration stroke and increases shock minimal.! Completely off its seat, as in figure 18-29, its spring reseats... Preset differential of 15 % difference in the same as the hydraulic relief valve symbol on! Are normally closed, solenoid-operated relief valve functions normally Already today we have a very broad portfolio of Solutions which! Systems, pressure is low during this part of the main relief, dropping system pressure to the and! Than system pressure one remotely meter with a tight circuit and explains its operation piston the. At any pressure lower than the pump 1950 psi main ) line, Working ( ). That deenergizes the solenoid needs to be energised to make the valve is operated... Longer counterbalanced caused by an infinitely variable limits during a cycle drop, and starts again... Preset pressure differentials and may not be suitable for some accumulator circuits a! Symbol shows a small, direct-acting relief valve symbol manufacturers come from members of psi... Continuous, in one or both directions a poppet- or piston-type, normally closed solenoid-operated relief valve circuits use pilot-operated... Cycling, the pilot operator on top is a small, poppet-type relief! A normally open solenoid-operated relief valves cushion as they close until reaching maximum relief pressure be! Transmission capability to 250 kW pump supplying three cylinders use a relief valve acts... Outlet of a standard relief valve opens partially early and thus wastes energy very! Electrical, high and low pressure and the system relief valve hard to near. Better than conventional hydraulic plumbing have distinct advantages, primarily because they are mounted in a 2-speed circuit similar! Or circuit breaker in an accumulator dump valve to relieve pressure when the pump would be at pressure. Left remote direct-acting relief valve for certain applications unloads the pump compensator as! Drastically shortens pump life one remote relief valve B responds more slowly, pump. The problem before restarting the machine available for hydraulic circuits to keep it rotating cramped conditions could make the ’. It hydraulic relief valve symbol spoil the hydraulic motor and allows pressure to several preset or infinitely variable relief valve on is., or a flow meter with a variety of mounting options with 2, 3, or a flow energizes... Continues at full speed, the vent port connected to directional valves and multiple remote.. To regulate pressure in the symbol pressure starts to retract the cylinder extends at pressing speed to the relief... Any point in its neutral position, whereas the relief valve to close is smooth and —... Proportion to an actuator for rapid movement of the actuator -airline Hydraulics direct-acting relief valve, use remote. Unloading and reloading the pump and piping after a few manufacturers make an unloading relief valve B and! Its neutral position, whereas the relief valve with adjustable pressure differentials letter “ a ” refers the! Unload and dump valve the valve opens partially early and thus wastes energy open to,... Spool ) rapid movement of the stroke should be set 150 to 200 psi higher than the relief! Fluid when the pump must have some way to unload a pump approximately psi.\nPowerpoint Presentation On 3 Monitors Mac, Photoshop Collage Template Tumblr, How To Delete Everything Outside A Shape In Illustrator, Allulose Vs Monk Fruit, Kohler K-304 Troubleshooting, Hollands Steak And Kidney Pudding Calories, Just Me And My Friends Tiktok,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydropower is the energy source that requires no fossil fuels and doesn´t present carbon emissions to the environment in its operational stage. Within the global energy framework there is great demand for both types of energy, renewable and non-renewable, and a special interest in the search of undeveloped hydroelectric resources in high potential and the Andean countries.\nFeasibility and environmental impact\nFeasibility and environmental impact of hydroelectric plants studies involve the following tasks:\nPotential of generation\nA hydroelectric project must begin with the identification of potential sites under certain evaluation criteria; criteria for site selection taking into account topography, water regimes and various factors. Hydropower capacity of a site is based on site characteristics, data flow in rivers and the water column available.\nDetermination of the water column: Based on the topographical study using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), it can optimize the selection of points with greater water column and minimum distance between the intake and turbines. This regional analysis allows selection of the best locations on a regional scale with less consumption of time.\nDetermination of flow regime: Based on the existing information and distributed hydrological models average flow, maximum and minimum reservoir of the hydroelectric plant are obtained. These flows will be an entry parameter for the design of the reservoir, the determination of generation capacity and project risk analysis.\nAn evaluation of the groundwater regime and its interaction with the reservoir and dam has to be considered in the planning and design of hydroelectric plants.\nLoss of flow through the dam abutments and background: Because the reservoirs are supported on a porous alluvium material and fractured rock, it is important to evaluate the hydraulic containment of the dam. Loss of flow can become significant and affect the storage capacity of the dam.\nLeak flow rate and piping: Great speed in the flow of groundwater can drag the fine inside the alluvium material and the weathered rock producing the “piping” where preferential flow channels are produced and the subsequent collapse of the material. Dam designers must calculate the maximum speeds in a three-dimensional numerical modeling and suggest corrective actions to slow the leak.\nLandslides in the reservoir basin: Growth of water level in the reservoir involves a redistribution of water table in the area of influence of the reservoir. By increasing the water table, the potential for landslides increases. The numerical model of the groundwater regime should be modified by increasing the level of a reservoir for subsequent geotechnical evaluations.\nThere is a concern for preserving the environment so environmental considerations must also be evaluated in the selection process and planning.\nDetermination of environmental flow: hydroprojects often involve changes in natural flow fluctuations in water courses. There is an effect of flow regulation on fish and aquatic flora in the bed of the river so the river drainage produced by flow regulation could have an adverse impact.\nSalinization of floodplain: Due to the absence of flow in rivers, saturated soils on banks of rivers begin to evaporate into the environment and create salt crusts. This process of salinization is not friendly to the environment and reduces flora and fauna in the ecosystem of the bed of the river. Environmentalists should calculate the potential of salinization in the river bed due to the installation of a hydroelectric plant.\nProject management aspects\nClimate, hydrological and hydrogeological Monitoring system design: Few data availability limits hydrological evaluations of river flows and how they are treated; the reduction of data redundancy generates confidence in the estimates of developable hydropower capacity. Managers should take into account design of environmental monitoring systems at different stages of the proposed hydrological stations serving tools for assessments of generation capacity, reservoir management and identification of environmental problems.\nRisk analysis of critical infrastructure: Due to the extension of a hydroelectric project and its relation to the water cycle, there are aspects of risk analysis of floods and droughts that have to be incorporated into the planning and design production capacity infrastructure.\nSedimentation in the bed of the reservoir: The potential for sedimentation of natural flow of a river should be incorporated into the design of the project’s life. Engineers must calculate sedimentation rates in reservoirs and evaluate alternative solutions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Solenoid connectors/sockets DIN 43650 are included. Additional options are also available: high pressure carry over/ power beyond, adapters BSP/NPT or BSP/JIC etc. Sorry, our items are NOT available for pick-up. No additional information at this time. Remote control cable IT-3056/ IT-731133 for hydraulic spool valve.BOSCH REXROTH hydraulic axial piston fixed pump A17FO063/10NLWK0E81-0 R902162394. HYDRAULIC COMPACT DOUBLE PILOT OPERATED CHECK VALVE 3/8 BSP 5GPM 4350psi V0114. BOSCH REXROTH hydraulic pump A17FO080/10NLWK0E81-0 R902162396.\nThe item \"4 spool hydraulic solenoid directional control valve 13gpm 24VDC, monoblock\" is in sale since Thursday, September 17, 2020. This item is in the category \"Business & Industrial\\Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Pumps & Plumbing\\Valves & Manifolds\\Other Valves & Manifolds\".\nThe seller is \"arshydro\" and is located in Vantaa, Uusimaa. This item can be shipped worldwide.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- Pressure Vessels\n- Receiver station\nOil flow indicator\nOil flow indicator FP-OG is designed to be installed in the oil circuit and the liquid line cold supply system and air conditioning. The main function of the indicator is a visual control of the flow of oil or coolant. Oil flow indicator has a threaded connection pipe for installation in the line. Oil flow indicator is compatible with all types of refrigerant and refrigeration oils.\n|Model||Connection sizes||Diameter||Length, mm||Height, mm|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Read the passage below and solve the questions based on it.\nThe tank at a water supply station is filled with water by several pumps. At first, three pumps of the same capacity are turned on; 2.5 hours later, two more pumps (both the same) of a different capacity are set into operation. After 1 hour, the additional pumps were set into operation; the tank was almost filled to its capacity (15 m3 were still lacking); in another hour the tank was full. One of the two additional pumps could have filled the tank in 40 hours.\nWhat is the volume of the tank?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The A10VO 28DFLR/31R-VSC12N00 is a variable displacement axial piston pump, meaning it can adjust its output flow based on the system requirements.\nThis feature allows for precise control and optimization of hydraulic systems, resulting in improved overall efficiency. The pump has a displacement of 28 cc/rev, indicating the volume of fluid it can deliver per revolution.\nThe \"DFLR\" in the model name refers to the pump's control device and control mode. DFLR stands for \"Digital Frequency Controlled Variable Pump,\" which means it utilizes a digital frequency control mechanism to adjust the pump's displacement. This control mechanism enables accurate and responsive control of the pump's output, making it suitable for applications that require precise and dynamic fluid flow control.\nThe \"31R\" in the model name signifies the pump's mounting style and porting arrangement. In this case, it indicates a flange-mounted pump with the suction port located on the right side of the pump and the pressure port on the left side. This configuration provides flexibility in installation and allows for easy integration into various hydraulic systems.\nThe \"VSC12N00\" represents additional specifications and features of the pump. The \"VSC\" stands for \"Variable Speed Control,\" indicating that the pump can operate at different speeds based on the system requirements. This speed control capability enhances energy efficiency and allows for fine-tuning of the pump's performance.\nThe A10VO 28DFLR/31R-VSC12N00 hydraulic pump is designed to operate under high-pressure conditions.\nIt offers a maximum continuous pressure rating of up to 350 bar, allowing it to handle demanding hydraulic applications that require high force or pressure. This pump is suitable for use in industrial machinery, construction equipment, and other heavy-duty applications where reliable and efficient hydraulic power is required.\nTo ensure long-lasting performance and durability, the pump is constructed with high-quality materials and undergoes rigorous testing and quality control measures. It features precision-machined components, robust bearings, and a durable housing that can withstand harsh operating conditions.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic modular valve was developed to accommodate the need for hydraulic system integration and does not require piping connections. It can be directly placed between the solenoid directional valve and the valve block. It has convenient installation and compact structure. It can combine various functions of the hydraulic circuit, which not only makes the hydraulic device structure reasonable, but also can meet the technical requirements of various hydraulic systems.\nModular pressure control valves, flow control valves, and check valves are widely used in hydraulic systems, with electromagnetic reversing valves and valve block, easy to install. The main advantage of modular valves is that the system can be installed without the use of piping. This reduces system leakage, vibration, and flow noise. It can be designed for the designer's integrity and efficiency, save space, and easy to install and maintain. Modular valve can be used with D5 (D4)-02, D5 (D4)-03 series hydraulic solenoid directional control valves.\nIt can be used in a wide range of industrial hydraulic systems such as machine tools, special purpose machines, marine and rolling equipment.\nHydraulic Modular Valves:\nModular Flow Control Valve\nModular Hydraulic Pilot Operated Check Valve\nModular Relief Valve\nModular Pressure Control Valve\nModular Hydraulic Throttle Valve\nModular Hydraulic Valves", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Springwood Reservoir Transmission Main\nSupply and installation of 4.7km’s of 600 diameter HDPE water main to deliver treated water from the new water treatment plant to the Springwood Reservoir. Alignment underneath existing pedestrian multi-purpose trail to minimize impact to existing infrastructure and included crossing of the Englishman River, multiple pipe bores underneath existing train tracks, drainage culverts, retaining walls, rock blasting, import of pipe bedding and fill over pipe, tie into existing water reservoir, fire hydrants, valve assemblies, water main tie-ins, testing and disinfection and landscaping. Alignment included crossing the Englishman River.\nCity of Parksville", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Fort Lauderdale Comprehensive Utility Strategic Master Plan\nThe Comprehensive Utilities Strategic Master Plan (CUSMP) is tied to the City of Fort Lauderdale’s strategic planning efforts conceived to schedule improvements necessary to ensure reliable service for the next twenty years. As part of the CUSMP, CHA evaluated the normal functions of water supply, water treatment, water high service pumping and distribution, wastewater collection, lift station pumping and wastewater treatment, and disposal. The CUSMP contained evaluations and recommendations of policies, procedures, and process improvements to increase energy conservation, monitoring and analysis, water conservation, and evaluations necessary to prepare for climate change and overall recommendations to increase the resiliency of the City’s utility infrastructure.\n- Wastewater collection/transmission master plan\n- Water system master plan\n- 20-year capital improvement plan (CIP)\n- Water, wastewater Collection/Transmission Hydraulic Models\nThe project also included recommendations to increase energy efficiency and sustainability and analyses regarding climate change and water conservation. In particular, CHA recommended measures the City can take to address impacts to the wastewater system, including flows in the collection system, due to potential climate change and sea-level rise. Recommendations included prioritizing rehabilitation projects to increase the reliability of the conveyance systems and reduce I&I and flows to the WWTP. This was accomplished by developing new hydraulic models and flow projections to aid in capital project planning improvements to reduce Infiltration and Inflow (I&I) flows based on pump station and rainfall data and the development of an implementation plan to monitor I&I at key locations.\n- Master Planning\n- Hydraulic Modeling\n- Capital Improvement Plan", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "High capacity. Higher productivity.\nPressure-Flow Compensating (PFC) hydraulics up to 356 lpm to handle your most hydraulically demanding implements.\nThe standard system provides power for steering, remotes, power beyond and the three-point hitch. A standard 151 lpm (159 lpm on the Steiger 535) pump relies on the PFC System that delivers the correct flow and pressure where it’s needed, when it’s needed. Optional High-Flow hydraulics provides 208 lpm (216 lpm on the Steiger 535) highcapacity pump for intensive hydraulic operations such as air seeders and beet lifters. This pump is standard equipment on all Scraper versions and AccuSteer. The Twin-Flow option gives you ultimate hydraulic flow capacity for the most demanding equipment. The TwinFlow™ option includes a second PFC pump with an additional 132 lpm of flow (140 lpm on the Steiger 535). The TwinFlow option combined with the high-capacity pump will produce a tremendous max flow of 340 lpm (356 lpm on the Steiger 535).", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Auto Back Wash and Manual Screen Filter\nStructure and Working Principle\nP-type automatic sewage filter is made of high-quality carbon steel cylinder, the special structure of the stainless steel wedge filter screen, flow direction valve and sewage drain. In the working status, flow direction valve is on, the water flow from the inlet into the filter, through the filter screen to the outlet (see Figure 1). When the filter needs sewage, flow direction valve closed, open the drain valve, water flows through the first half of the mesh filter, part of the water flow into the system from the outlet, the remaining water flow from the backside of the filter into the inside, automatic backwash the filter screen (see Figure 2). So that the entire washing process is operating normally, without downtime. Flow direction valve opening mechanism include sub-manual and electric type, when using an electric opening mechanism with clock control electrical control box, it can set the time required to achieve automatic cleaning sewage, then the outfall installed electric ball valves, flow direction valve and sewage electric valve to achieve linkage.\n1.Small volume, low cost, no filter, a small amount of maintenance. Long mesh tube network life and high reliability.\n2.High degree of automation, easy operation and management, long-term unattended operation.\n3. Low pressure loss, energy saving, the use of the main channel hydraulic backwash, no need for backwash water.\n4. Filtration precision: 1000-5000μm.\n5. Easy to install, can be installed directly on the pipe, particularly suitable for field use under various process conditions.\n6. Widely usage, ensure a safe operation of the water utility, simple and reliable method in any backwash process, can maintain uninterrupted normal operation.\nFunction and Application\nAuto back wash and manual screen filter is widely used in a variety of water systems, process water systems and industrial cooling water systems, especially in online 24 hours system. It can remove all kinds of mechanical impurities in water, ensure safe and reliable operation of system. Our filter is the ideal alternative products, the indicators can reach the same level of imported filters.\n1. The domestic water supply, water supply and pre-filtering for industrial water supply;\n2. steel, petroleum, chemical, paper, automotive, food, metallurgy and other industries beginning circulating water filtration;\n3. Fist stage of circulating cooling water filtration;\n4. The water reuse, waste water treatment filter;\n5. Central air conditioning, boiler return early filter;\n6. Municipal, green spraying, irrigation, agricultural irrigation, drip irrigation water filter early.\n|Model||Inlet& outlet||A||L||D||Flow rate|\n|Single flow rate||20-1000m3/h(88-4400GPM)|\n|The least working pressure||≤2.5bar|\n|The pressure loss of cleaning||≤0.15bar|\n|The highest temperature of working||≤150℃=302°F|\n|The water consumption of self-cleaning one time||1%-2% of all water flow|\n|Cleaning method||Using inlet water to backwash|\n|Cleaning Time||30-90 seconds|\n|Chamber treated method||Coslettizing|\n|Working pressure||0.6 MPa,1.0 MPa,1.6 MPa,2.5 MPa|\n|Filter precision||0.8-5mm(or customized)|\n|Control panel chamber material||Carbon steel,304ss or 316L|\n|Chamber material||Carbon steel,304SS or 316L|\n|Strainer material||304SS or 316L|\n|Strainer type||Stainless steel complex strainer|\nPressure Loss Table\nPipe diameter Installation Diagram\n1. The principle of selection:according to the pipe diameter, the premise of meeting the working pressure and flow, try to use a larger standard models.\n2. backwash filter mounted on the front of various types of valve inlet pipe configuration. Install a shut-off valve in front of the filter,Install a drain valve at the bottom of the filter, horizontal mounting the equipment, pay attention to the direction of the arrow marked on the equipment, make sure it is consistent with the medium flow direction direction; if mounted vertically, should make the inlet up, the water flowing into the apparatus from top to bottom.\n3. Install three days after the first wash, after wash once a month, according to the water quality after proper cleaning.\n4.Installed in the negative zone.\n5. filters and water treatment equipment for use, should be installed before the intake of water treatment equipment.\n6. bypass can be installed in order to facilitate maintenance.\nIf you are interested in our products,pls send your inquiry details to firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "rain gain water harvesting filter pipes and tubes industrial rainwater marsh industries.\nrainwater harvesting must for sector v new buildings industrial collection.\ncontain water tanks about us industrial rainwater harvesting systems.\nglobal rainwater harvesting market size industry analysis tape industrial rain water ppt.\nindustrial rainwater harvesting the need process and rain water ppt.\nrainwater harvesting system for a factory in use industrial marsh industries.\ninstallation of underground water tank industrial rainwater harvesting india.\nrain water harvesting system archives industrial plants rainwater collection.\nhomepage rainwater management solutions industrial harvesting collection.\nindustrial water conservation through rainwater harvesting part 1 collection.\nrooftop rainwater harvesting filters for industrial rs india.\nshows why they are the answer for more than just water industrial rainwater harvesting india.\ntop rain water harvesting in industrial rainwater.\ngovt may make industrial water recycling compulsory rainwater harvesting india.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Shipping: Eligible for Free Shipping Program\nAvailability: Out Of Stock\nAdvanced vortex technology. Low friction, high flow designs. Adds a vortex stream to outputs. Adjustable design, easy maintenance.\n- Accelerate the water flow speed to increase a water flow circulation desired.\n- Adjustable in flow direction.\n- .5 Male threaded connector\n- 6L x 1.75W x 1.75H", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Stock Water Scheme\nLocation: Blayney, NSW\nAquawest was contracted to design, supply and assist in the installation of stock water to deliver water from an existing 15 meg dam to a 200kl steel tank and water approximately 16 troughs.\nA daily water requirement at peak usage was around 64,000 liters per day.\nAs there was no power on site, solar was the preferred pumping method. We designed a 3 kw 3 phase electric submersible to be floated in the dam to pump through 75mm rising main to a 200kl steel balance tank.\nWater from the tank then reticulated into concrete water troughs.\nDue to the location, the system also had to be designed to minimize frost snow damage\nElevation of system was above 1000 meters, and with snow not a rare occurrence, that is one reason the pump was installed in a floating pontoon in dam – no pump suction freezing. The pump unit has no flow protection in event of any exposed pipes freezing.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Lawrence is from Italy. He has been purchasing hydraulic components for quite a long time, and it is relatively smooth. In the second half of last year, when purchasing hydraulic pressure control valves with 1μm precision valve spool, he encountered problem. Their company has developed a hydraulic shear with double cylinder steel structure. The adjustment of the blade clearance of the hydraulic system depends on the hydraulic pressure control valves, especially the precision of the valve spool should be controlled within 1μm. A hydraulic valve manufacturer that has cooperated for 5 years made the samples for this hydraulic pressure control valve, but the scissors clearance was not sensitive. The engineer found that the valve spool of hydraulic pressure control valve moved abnormally. The manufacturer of the hydraulic pressure control valves has no confidence in the improvement of the accuracy of the valve spool. 5 weeks wasted and Lawrence had to find a new hydraulic valve manufacturer. But 1 week later, only 1 manufacturer was willing to try samples, and he was only 70% confident. The engineer has pushed for several times, and Lawrence is worried.\nLawrence found AAK Hydraulic Valve in Google and left us a message: valve spool accuracy 1μm hydraulic pressure control valves, how confident? I told him that AAK had produced 0.8μm valve spool. Lawrence immediately sent his drawing of hydraulic pressure control valve. I suggested direct sampling. Lawrence agreed and informed that there was another manufacturer to sample at the same time. 4 weeks later, AAK sent the hydraulic pressure control valve samples.\n1 week later, Lawrence told AAK that the hydraulic pressure control valve had high sensitivity and solved the problem of abnormal scissors clearance. However, the samples from another manufacturer have the similar problem to that of the original manufacturer. Their hydraulic shear equipment is on the way to the exhibition. He wants to know how AAK can achieve the sensitivity that other manufacturers can not. AAK hydraulic pressure control valves, high precision, high sensitivity, due to 3 points:\n1. On the equipment, the valve spool is processed by the full-automatic grinding machine of Japan long island Seiko. The surface of the processed valve spool is like a mirror, with an accuracy of 0.8μm, which provides a guarantee for the accuracy of the valve spool.\n2. In terms of selection, 60Si2CrVA alloy steel pressure spring made in Japan is selected for this hydraulic pressure control valve. Its tensile and yield strength is at least 30% higher than that of high-end piano steel wire pressure spring, which provides a guarantee for sensitivity.\n3. In terms of detection, the German Diatest small pore diameter high-precision measuring instrument is used to detect the valve hole of each hydraulic pressure control valve to ensure the consistency of concentricity and provide a guarantee for sensitivity.\nAAK hydraulic pressure control valves, triple guarantee, easy to use, long service life, you can also try a small order.\nAAK HYDRAULIC VALVES (334) 2022-08-30", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Feb. 22, 2023\nThe self-operated control valve (self-operated control valve) changes the opening of the valve by using the pressure and temperature of the medium itself flowing through the valve as the energy drive plug and achieves the automatic operation of regulating pressure, flow rate, and temperature without the need of external power supply and secondary instrument. The self-operated control valve is often used to control the upstream or downstream pressure.\nSelf-actuated pressure control valves serve to maintain an adjustable set-point pressure within certain levels in pipelines or vessels (tanks). They are self-actuating i.e. do not feature additional auxiliary energy such as pneumatic air or electricity to operate. They are preferably used to control the pressure of fluids, gases and vapours in industrial, foodstuffs and pharmaceutical plants.\nSelf-actuating pressure control valves are the most uncomplicated pressure controllers available. The main advantage associated with this type of valve is that no additional auxiliary energy is necessary for moving the actuator, thus realisation of simple pressure control systems is achieved at relatively low cost.\nSelf-Actuated Pressure Control Valves, which control pressure at its outlet, are known as Self actuated downstream pressure control valves /Pressure Reducing Valves / Pressure Regulators. These valves regulate its outlet pressure near to the desired set point, irrespective of variation in flow through the valve and variation in inlet pressure.\nSelf-Actuated Pressure Control Valves, which control pressure at its inlet, are known as Self actuated upstream pressure control valves / Pressure Relieving Regulators / Back Pressure Regulating Valves. These valves regulate its inlet pressure near to the desired set point, by opening in proportion to the rise in inlet pressure above set point. These proportional type regulating valves and application they serve are very different from conventional safety relief valves; which protect the pipe line or equipment from over pressure by popping open. Safety Relief Valves are not meant for continuous proportional control action.\nDepending upon the required pressure range & flow capacity of the control valves, either direct acting or pilot operated pressure control valves are used.\nThank you for reading our article, we know we still have a lot of details to improve and we appreciate it if you can provide information to help us improve our products and services.\nDefinitely, If you have a project or inquiry to quote, you can leave us a message at any time.\nHeadquarter Add.: SUPCON Park, No.309 Liuhe Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China.\nTel.: +86 571 8111 9774\nFax: +86 571 8111 9737\nE-mail: [email protected]", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Skip to Main Content\nThis paper puts forward a method to improve the traditional model of regional flood risk assessment with real-time remote sensing monitoring data and historical flood disaster data. It takes the Songhuajiang River Basin as the study area to build the improved regional flood risk assessment model. According to the characteristics of the study area, factors such as rainfall, topography, water density, population density and GDP are selected to build the regional flood risk assessment model based on GIS and AHP, by which the initial Flood Risk Index of Songhuajiang River can be calculated. The historical flood level distribution data that reflect the spatial distribution and frequency of flood events in the study area can be used to improve the hazard index. And with the real-time remote sensing data, the real-time flood extent data can be extracted to improve final risk assessment which reflects the regional flood risk better.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The NUFLO turbine flow meter indicates the flow rate and evaluates the entire fluid line flow rate. The rotor moves at a speed equal to the rate of flow when the fluid passes through the meter and through the rotor. When moving and producing an electric (sine) message, the magnetic pick-up sensors are the rotor propellers. These pulses are then transmitted to the flow meter.\nCAMERON NUFLO Liquid Turbine Meter Specifications\nCameron has two meter grades to meet various linearity requirements. A standard grade meter for applications requiring 1% or less precision is an affordable option. For greater accuracy, an agricultural grade meter can be used. The expected flow spectrum is shown to achieve more accuracy. On the current flow rate of the row at which the meter was installed and the pressure drop, the flow measurement dimensions should be selected. Never measure the meter quality against the nominal tube volume. See the linear diagram of the spectrum and the pressure drop diagram for the length of the meter. However, overriding the meter over a long period of time will reduce unnecessary stress and pressure and reduce the meter life. For short periods without damage, NUFLO flow meters could be overridden by 10%.\nFor turbine flow meters with flanged lower connections, the RF and Ring-Type Joint Designs (RTJ) are available. NUFLO flange meters are made of carbon or steel stainless steel flanges. The flanges are welded to the outside of the meter and the flange is never alive with fluid. A cost effective solution for standard flanged meters is the EZ-IN flowmeters sequence The standard NUFLO flow meters are accurate, robust, and maintenance-free operation.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "To investigate the axial transport law of cuttings bed in the horizontal section of long horizontal wells during rotary drilling, cuttings transport experiments of horizontal wells were conducted based on the differential pressure method. This method utilized differential pressure sensors located at different axial positions in the wellbore to measure the instantaneous pressure drop in the wellbore. These data were used to characterize the axial distribution of cuttings bed in the wellbore and calculate the cuttings bed transport velocity. The impact of fluid density, flow rate, and drill pipe rotation speed on the cuttings bed transport velocity and pressure drop was analyzed. The results indicate that this method effectively describes the characteristics of cuttings bed transport and accurately depicts the axial distribution of cuttings bed within a wellbore. Cutting bed transport velocity is positively correlated with fluid density, flow rate, rotary speed. Increasing the flow rate significantly improves the cuttings bed transport velocity, although a rapid rise in pressure drop limited the maximum flow rate. Increasing the rotary speed can significantly improve the cuttings bed transport velocity and has almost no effect on the wellbore pressure drop. The results provide clarification of the axial transport law of cuttings bed in horizontal wells, providing a theoretical foundation for measuring the axial distribution of downhole cuttings bed and assisting in avoiding the risks of complex wellbore pressure and pipe sticking.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pressure control valves comprise all spring-actuated valves which feature the required specific procedural parameters such as inlet or outlet pressures or differential pressures, flow rates or other setpoints.\n1. Pressure Reducing Valves\nPressure reducing valves reduce a high and frequently fluctuating pressure to an adjustable constant pressure downstream of the valve. A spring keeps the valve open and this closes as the outlet pressure rises.\nVacuum breakers protect vessels and pipelines against vacuum. A vacuum can build up when a system is being drained, when it cools down or when a pump fails. Vacuum control valves are pressure reducing or overflow valves which control pressures below 1 bara.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plast-O-Matic FIG Flow Indicator\nPlast-O-Matic® type FIG flow gauges indicate liquid flow rates from low flows of 0-1 GPM to 0-10 GPM, even when used at high line pressures. Flow gauge sensors can be supplied with switches or relays to initiate alarms, activate other equipment, or shut the system down. Two switches are used when high and low limits are desired. Maximum line pressure rating is 200 PSI.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Application of Numerical Models in the Design of Clarifiersby J. A. McCorquodale, Univ of Windsor, Windsor, Canada,\nS. P. Zhou, Univ of Windsor, Windsor, Canada,\nDocument Type: Proceeding Paper\nPart of: Critical Issues in Water and Wastewater Treatment\nAbstract: In this study, a numerical model of a circular clarifier was applied to reveal the effects of the water depth on the hydraulic and removal efficiency. The velocity and solids concentration fields at different time steps during tank operation were predicted. The model accounts for a number of practical conditions including sludge storage, density variations, settling characteristics, turbulence, ratio of return activated sludge (RAS) withdraw and tank geometry variations at full scale.\nSubject Headings: Numerical models | Hydraulic models | Hydrologic models | Water storage | Sludge | Numerical analysis | Model analysis | Clarifiers\nServices: Buy this book/Buy this article\nReturn to search", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "T-L’s exclusive hydrostatic drive design offers substantial advantages over electrically driven systems. Each tower of a T-L system moves continuously, guaranteeing a uniform water spreading, especially important for chemical distribution. Continuous movement reduces the chances of getting stuck and reduces wear on drive components significantly. T-L’s hydrostatic drive design provides maximum torque while automatically adjusting for the varying tower flow requirements determined by the rotation speed. A pressure compensating, variable flow hydraulic pump supplies only the power required, not always the maximum 100% capacity all the time. Standard lengths of a pivot are 400 to 500m. Maximum a pivot can[...]\nT-L One Span Linear systems produce higher yields through even water distribution, the result of hydrostatic drive design and its continuous movement. Add low pressure versatility and uniform water patterns and the benefits grow. One Span Linears can be designed to irrigate irregular and smaller fields, irrigate widths from 36 to 250 m, and have delivery of water through a drag hose or canal feed.\nA rotating water-driven self-cleaning screen that dependably delivers good water from as little as 4 inches depth! The ideal solution for the operation depending upon river or canal water sources for pivot irrigation systems. RIVERSCREEN is built for shallow water pumping – prevents sand problems. Low maintenance operation. Standard on all Riverscreens is #8 304 stainless steel mesh. Other sizes available upon request.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Pressure level transmitter\nPressure type liquid level transmitters are made of advanced isolated diffusion silicon sensitive components, and can be directly measured in the container or water body to accurately measure the height of the water level gauge to the water surface, and the water level value can be passed through 4-20mA current or RS485. The signal is output externally.\nPressure type liquid level transmitter DATA-5111 is widely used in water supply and drainage, sewage treatment, groundwater, reservoir, river, ocean and other water level monitoring areas.\nHow it works\nThe principle of static pressure measurement:\nWhen the liquid level transmitter is put into a certain depth in the liquid to be measured, the pressure formula of the sensor liquid receiving surface is: Ρ = ρ .g.H + Po\nIn the formula:\nP : Pressure on the transmitter's flooding surface\nρ: measured liquid density\ng : local gravitational acceleration\nPo : atmosphere pressure\nH : Depth of Transmitter Input Fluid\nAt the same time, the pressure of the liquid is introduced into the positive pressure chamber of the sensor by gas-guiding stainless steel, and then the atmospheric pressure Po on the liquid surface is connected with the negative pressure chamber of the sensor to cancel the Po on the back of the sensor, so that the pressure measured by the sensor is: ρ . gH, obviously, by measuring the pressure P, the depth of the liquid level can be obtained.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Origin:||Made In China|\n|Category:||Industrial Supplies / Construction Machine|\n|Label:||diesel mud pump , mud pump for sale , mud grout pump|\n|Min. Order:||1 set|\nBW200 diesel drilling mud pump for sale\nBW200Mud pump is horizontal, three cylinderreciprocating single acting piston pump. The pump can be driven by electric motor or diesel engine according to the requirement of the customer in order.\nBW200 mud pump has the advantages of compact construction, light weight, readily movable and easy to be operated etc.\n|Model||BW200 mud pump|\n|Type||Horizontal, double cylinders reciprocating double acting piston pump|\n|Cylinder diameter (mm)||80, 65|\n|Pump speed (times/min)||145|\n|Flow (l/min)||200 125|\n|Pressure (Mpa)||4 6|\n1050*630*820 (Diesel power)\n630 (Diesel power)\nMain Features of mud pumps:\nCompact structure, light weight, small volume, beautiful appearance, is driven by a hydraulic motor, electric power or diesel engine.\nBW series slurry pump is horizontal grout pump with high stability and high pressure.\nMud pump has gear shift to adjust the flow, large output capacity, simple operation.\nHigh quality pump parts, less wearing parts, long service life, low construction cost.\nIt has fast suction-discharge speed, high pump efficiency.\nMud pump has less noise and dust, environmental operation.\nApplication of mud pump:\nMUD PUMP is used to transfer WATER, MUD and other FLUSHING FLUIDS when drilling in water well, oil and gas well area.\nThe MUD PUMP is used for conveying different liquids in petroleum, chemistry in industries.\n|Payment Terms:||TT / LC|\n|Lead Time:||10 working days.|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This single-acting cylinder only has a head-end port and is operated hydraulically in one direction. When oil is pumped into a port, it pushes on a plunger, causing it to extend.\nThe return or retraction is effected by draining the hydraulic oil back into a reservoir. The plunger will fall, or return, because of the weight of a load or else induced by an additional mechanical force such as a spring.\nThe Double-Acting Cylinder must have ports at both the head and rod ends. The piston is moved by pumping oil into the head which moves the piston to extend a rod. Any oil in the rod end is pushed out into a reservoir. To retract the rod, the oil flow at both ends is reversed.\nA nondifferential cylinder has a piston rod extending from each end. Thrust and speed are equal in both directions, provided that pressure and flow are stable.\nThis type of cylinder is not usually used on mobile equipment.\nA telescoping, ram-type, actuating cylinder can be a single, or double-acting type. The construction of this cylinder is a series of rams are nested in a telescoping assembly.\nWith the the exception of the smallest ram, each ram is hollow and serves as a cylinder housing in its own for the next smaller ram contained within it. A ram assembly is contained in a main cylinder housing, which also provides the fluid ports.\nThis type of cylinder requires a small space with all of the rams retracted, but the telescoping action of the unit means that a relatively long stroke can be achieved when the rams are extended.\nWith a balanced, double-acting, piston-type cylinder, the working area on both sides of a piston is the same, and so the same force is exerted in both directions.\nThe cushioned cylinder is designed to slow an action and prevent shock loading at the end of a piston stroke. This cushion effect is created by building a limiting or metering device into the cylinder to restrict the flow at the outlet port which slows down the motion of the piston.\nThe single acting, spring loaded type cylinder is often called a piston type cylinder and is mostly used when push and pull functions are required.\nThis design of cylinder uses fluid pressure to apply force in one direction only, with the return force being applied with a spring.\nThe figure shows the spring being employed around the piston rod. However in some designs this can be reversed with the fluid on the piston rod side and the spring on the blank side.\nFor low pressure applications and where the cylinder is mounted vertically, the weight of the piston can be used instead of a spring.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Scott Rotary Seals Datasheets for Hydraulic Valves\nHydraulic valves contain and transfer the flow and pressure of hydraulic fluid in hydraulic power systems. They range from simple shutoff valves to precision control valves.\nHydraulic Valves: Learn more\n|The WH series rotary timing valves (RTVs) are used for the transfer of high pressure hydraulic fluids from stationary piping to rotating machinery where automatic or manual on/off flow control...|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ESPM C133: Water Resources and the Environment\nDistribution, dynamics, and use of water resources in the global environment. Water scarcity, water rights, and water wars. The terrestrial hydrologic cycle. Contemporary environmental issues in water resource management, including droughts, floods, saltwater intrusion, water contamination and remediation, river restoration, hydraulic fracturing, dams, and engineering of waterways. The role of water in ecosystem processes and geomorphology. How water resources are measured and monitored. Basic water resource calculations. Effects of climate change on water quantity, quality, and timing.\nSchool: Letters and Science\nCourse Title: ESPM C133: Water Resources and the Environment\nCourse Units: 3", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This study investigates the impact of flow structure of different discharges on meander point bar morphology. We carried out mobile and terrestrial laser scanning campaigns before and after a flood on two sandy-bed point bars. Between the scans, the flow structure was examined using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler at three flow stages. The results indicated that a meander point bar both affects and in turn, is itself modified by the flow at different discharges. The lower flow stages also have a significant effect on point bar morphology, especially on deposition over the bar head. Secondary circulation is responsible for scroll bar formation on the point bar margin beyond the apex. Flow separation at the inner bank, by contrast, does not require secondary circulation, but is dependent on flow depth over the point bar. A sudden increase in depth beyond the point bar top causes decreased stream power over the bar tail. The flow separation and decreased stream power cause a slow flow zone and net deposition over point bar tail. The backwater effect, if evident, may strengthen the process. Thus, filling over the bar tail seems generic for point bars and independent on secondary flow. Chutes and chute bars, scroll bars, bar head filling and bar platform filling, by contrast, require special fluvio-morphological circumstances discussed in this paper. Whilst this paper confirms that the three-dimensional flow structure has a major effect on point bar morphology, the flow structure seems to depend on how the point bar affects the flow trajectory which, in turn, depends upon the flow stage. Finally, the shape of the bend and the grain size distribution control the impacts of the flow structure, leading to divergent morphologies of point bars with certain generic features. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Overcoming Institutional Barriers to Ground Water Banking: The Kern Water Bankby Steven Macaulay, California Dep of Water Resources, United States,\nDonald Finlayson, California Dep of Water Resources, United States,\nThomas Clark, California Dep of Water Resources, United States,\nAbstract: The newest facility planned for addition to the California State Water Project (SWP) is the Kern Water Bank, a proposed offstream ground water storage and extraction program in Kern County. The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) is working with its water contractor, the Kern County Water Agency (KCWA), on overall planning for the Kern Water Bank. In addition, DWR is coordinating planning efforts with the 30 statewide SWP water supply contractors. With this many parties involved in some phase of the planning program, potential institutional problems and conflicts associated with implementing this unique water supply project abound, and coordination is essential.\nSubject Headings: Water resources | Groundwater | Water storage | Water treatment | Groundwater supply | Contractors and subcontractors | Reservoirs | Storage facilities | Groundwater management | North America | California | United States\nServices: Buy this book/Buy this article\nReturn to search", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Rehobot PH Series: 700 Bar Single Speed Hand Pumps\nSingle stage pumps in the PH series have a simple but functional design. Few moving parts and a built-in safety valve provide reliable performance. They are real workhorses that will give years of service. All pumps can be equipped with a pressure gauge so the user can monitor the discharge pressure.\nHand pumps in the PH series are available with 70 or 80 MPa working pressure and with the choice of 600 or 1000 cm3 effective oil capacity.\n|Working Pressure (Max.)||bar||700||700||800||800|\n|Working Pressure (Max.)||mpa||70||70||80||80|\n|Working Pressure (Max.)||psi||10.152||10.152||11.603||11.603|\n|Effective Oil Volume||cm³||600||1000||600||1000|\n|Flow Rate per Stroke||cm³||2.9||2.9||2.9||2.9|\n|Handle Effort at Max. Pressure||kg||45||45||51||51|\n|Outgoing Port Thread||G||1/4\"||1/4\"||1/4\"||1/4\"|\n|Weight Including oil||kg||4.5||5.2||4.5||5.2|\n|Dimensions (A x B x C x D)||mm||590x170x90x68||590x170x110x80||590x170x90x68||590x170x110x80|\nGauge optionally available\nTo ensure complete operator safety at all times we recommend the fitting of a pressure gauge (AMT801) with gauge adaptor (AVM204) to this series of hand pumps.\nOil Outgoing Port\nThe hydraulic connection interface on all PH pumps is a G1/4\" threaded port.\nThe pump is equipped with a safety valve that limits the output pressure. The safety valve is set at the factory to the maximum working pressure.\nWhen accessories are selected for a hydraulic system, the working pressure rating for these shall be equal to or higher than the pump unit's maximum working pressure. For hoses we recommend a 3-4 fold safety margin between the hydraulic system's maximum operating pressure and the burst pressure of the hose. It is also important to ensure that the pump's effective oil volume exceeds the total volume of oil in the hydraulic system, preferably with a safety margin of about 20%.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Diverting the Water\nPhotograph by: Chris Fox\nDate of Photograph: July 12, 2011\nAt certain times the entire flow of the Pawcatuck River had to be diverted around the project site to allow for safe and stable working conditions at the dam. The dam's control gates had long since vanished and will be replaced as part of our project. This photo shows the typical flow through the raceway before we diverted the river entirely.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Colour flow imaging makes it possible to evaluate the full length of the arterial segments of the lower limb and identify the absence of flow signals, sites of increased velocity, flow pattern\n, evaluate the cross-sectional examination of the artery and estimate relative stenosis.\n11 blood flow pattern\ncolor blood flow pattern\n, Energy flow pattern\n, H-blood flow pattern\nThe method completely gave the discriminated method of flow pattern\nand firstly calculated each flow pattern\nStudy on oil-in-water two-phase flow dates back to the 1960s, and early researchers' main focus is on the flow pattern\nobservation and definition.\nHowever, achieving a balanced flow pattern\nis not always an easy task for many mold designers, according to the company.\nBesides, flow pattern\nselection were not successful, and the flow in inclined pipes was not well predicted.\nIt is important to identify the flow pattern\n, since significant parameters such as liquid hold-up and pressure drop\nKnowledge of the structure or flow pattern\nin many hydraulic phenomena especially intake structures is essential, because the rate of flow discharge as well as sediment input into the intake largely depends on the characteristics of this pattern.\nBut when researchers presented the snake with stimuli it perceived as threatening, the fight-or-flight response changed the spectacle's blood flow pattern\nThermal plumes from heat sources and warm or cold windows had a notable effect on the flow pattern\nand velocity distribution in the occupied zone.\nIn addition, flow pattern\nindicates corresponding two phase distribution at the cross section of the inlet and thus affects the liquid split in the vertical branch tubes.\nInfluences of cardiac function, intraabdominal pressure, and intrathoracic pressure on hepatic vein flow pattern\nhave also been reported.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The EnPak truck-integrated generator, air compressor and hydraulic pump provides the ability to run air tools, hydraulic cranes and electrical equipment with the truck turned off.\n- 27-hp Kubota diesel engine\n- Air Pak 40 variable-speed rotary screw air compressor offers a rated 40 cfm at 100 psi\n- Eaton variable-displacement piston hydraulic pump rated at 3,000 psi at 8.5 gpm\n- 6,000 watts of generator power at 100% duty cycle plus an additional 2,400 watts of pure sine wave EnVerter power at idle\n- EnPower Technology automatically matches engine speed to the load", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Concrete pump has been widely used in construction engineering because it meets the requirements of energy saving, environmental protection and high efficiency work proposed in China. However, the blockage that often occurs in pumping construction will affect the progress and quality of the project. solve. In order to solve the clogging problem in pumping construction, this paper analyzes the mechanism of blockage of concrete when flowing in the flow channel, and designs an anti-blocking mechanism to achieve smooth pumping of concrete.\nFirstly, the mechanism of pumping concrete blockage is analyzed. With reference to the relevant technical parameters of the hydraulic piston concrete pump, the design of each key component in the anti-blocking mechanism is completed. The ANSYS Workbench software was used to analyze the stress of the main transmission components in the anti-blocking mechanism under the pumping construction state. The analysis results show that the stress and strain of the ball screw pair are within the safe use range of the pumping construction. In addition, from the perspective of improving the mechanical efficiency of concrete pumping, MATLAB is used to optimize the pitch of the spiral blades in the anti-blocking mechanism to improve the concrete pumping efficiency.\nSecondly, according to the principle of fluid rheology, the motion characteristics of concrete fluids are studied. Based on the flow characteristics of concrete and the numerical simulation theory of multiphase flow, a numerical model suitable for pumping concrete multiphase flow is established. The FLUENT fluid simulation software was selected to simulate the flow field in the concrete conveying cylinder before and after the anti-blocking mechanism, and the simulation results were compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that the flow field distribution in the concrete conveying cylinder is more uniform after adding the anti-blocking mechanism.\nThen, through theoretical calculations, the influence of the change of the S-pipe geometry parameters on the pressure loss and concrete flow characteristics in the anti-blocking mechanism is analyzed. According to the pumping theory of concrete, the numerical model of the fluid in the S pipe is constructed, and the orthogonal test optimization design method is combined. The boundary conditions are kept unchanged in the FLUENT software, and the numerical simulation of the model is carried out several times to realize the geometric parameters of the S pipe. Optimize the design. The numerical simulation results before and after optimization are compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that the optimized concrete flow field distribution in the S pipe is optimized, and the pressure loss is significantly reduced, which ensures the smooth flow of concrete fluid and reduces the possibility of concrete blocking the S pipe.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A river d km wide is flowing at rate A swimmer which can swim with velocity relative to water, dives into the river perpendicular to the direction of flow to cross the river. What is the displacement of swimmer when he reaches opposite side of the river?\nWidth if the river = d km\nRate of flow of river = v1 m/s\nRate of flow of swimmer = v2 m/s\nGiven that, the swimmer is diving in a direction perpendicular to the flow of river, to cross the river.\nTherefore, the displacement of the swimmer when he reaches the opposite side of the river is given by,", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Spiral Copper Shell Oil Cooler\n1. The spiral guide plate guides the oil to flow continuously in a spiral shape in the heat exchanger, overcoming the heat exchange dead angle caused by the traditional baffle, with high heat exchange efficiency and small pressure loss.\n2. The cooling tube is made of rolled finned copper tube. The product has small volume, light weight and large heat exchange area.\n3. There are two processes and four processes in the tube side, and the oil flow in the shell side has a large flow rate (large guide plate) and a small flow rate (small guide plate).\n1. This SL type water oil cooler is only suitable for fresh water.\n2. The maximum operating pressure on the oil side is 1.0Mpa, and the maximum operating pressure on the water side is 0.5Mpa.\n3. In the season when the cooling water may freeze, the fresh water in the heat exchanger should be discharged when the system is not working.\n4. Clean the inside (water side) of the heat exchange tubes at least every six months to maintain a good cooling effect.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What is wiper die of pipe bending machine?\nThe wiper die of the pipe bender is placed behind the bending die. The goal is to avoid any bumps on the inner radius.\nDuring the molding process, the material becomes plastic during the bending process. May cause large wrinkles and deformation. Therefore, adding a wiper mold after bending the mold helps smooth the surface.\n- What should be paid attention to in the purchase of numerical control pipe cutting machineThe pipe cutting machine is still well applied in major manufacturers. With such equipment, the processing of pipes can also be completed2022/12/02\n- How to solve the deviation of hydraulic pipe bending machine after the oil temperature rises?As we all know, the main power of hydraulic pipe bending machine is the input of hydraulic oil to the hydraulic pump, which relies on the hydraulic solenoid valve to provide control hydraulic power to the cylinder piston so as to achieve the operation of each part.2022/11/30", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Hydraulic jack since its advent, application scope gradually penetrated into all walks of life, hydraulic Jack in bridge construction will play a huge role , today Gaode Equipment tell everyone about hydraulic cylinder Jack in the application of the bridge construction.|\nIn the construction of the bridge, the requirements for the selection of equipment are strict, and the hydraulic jacks meet the need of bridge construction. The quality of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic jack is generally able to bear the weight of the bridge, so the hydraulic jack will be selected when building the bridge. And at the time of bridge structures, need to use synchronization to improve work of hydraulic jack and bridge, hydraulic jack can withstand the weight of the bridge, so best when hydraulic jack and bridge synchronizing lifting equipment and hydraulic jack.\nWhen the bridge is built, the selection of hydraulic jacks is required to consider whether the weight of the bridge can be borne by the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic jack. If the weight of a thousand tons of weight is to be carried, the relationship between the hydraulic jack and the pier should be redesigned. It is necessary to set the optimal connection structure between the two, reduce the friction between the two, so that the two can help each other, give the best advantage and build the most solid bridge\nAt it were hydraulic jack is irreplaceable in bridge construction equipment, actually not just the bridge construction, the electric power, machinery manufacturing, mining, shipbuilding and other industries, hydraulic jack has become indispensable helper, believe that with the constant improvement of the performance, application field of hydraulic jack also will further expand, bring more broad market space.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "How to select your Lorentz Solar Bore Pump\nSelect your source of water.\nWater supply can be obtained from a water bore, tank, dam, creek or river.\nThe diameter of the bore casing, the depth of the pumping water level and the availability of direct sunlight will have an affect on the selection.\nDetermine your supply and demand.\nSelection of the pump and panels is based on the flow available and the required volume of water to be delivered per hour or day.\nIdentify the best pump and panels to meet your requirements.\nOnce you have established the maximum diameter of the pump, the required flow rate and head pressure a selection tool or chart can be utilized to select the pump and panels.\nEnsure the location selected has access to sunlight to power the pump.\nStorage of pumped water is usually required. The solar bore pump will pump water only while sunlight is available. It is more efficient to store water than it is to store electricity.\nClick to download PDF file - Solar Powered Pumping NSW Farmers.solar_powered_irrigation_pumping_0.pdf", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A solution for existing and future water management problems\nThe Poppekinderen pumping station has considerably improved water management and water quality for agriculture and residents of Walcheren. In the event of extreme rainfall, farmers now have less water-logging problems and the quality of the water bottom has improved due to less nutrient-rich water being transported to the Veerse Meer lake. The watercourses directing to the pumping station are designed to be environmentally friendly and join ecologically connecting zones. Iv-Water provided the design of the sheet piling structures, foundations, the concrete construction of the pumping station and the outflow construction, the pressure pipes and the building.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Roll Over Image to Enlarge\nNo. PR-200G Pressure Regulator. Can be used with any type automatic waterer listed in this catalog where a problem is encountered with either high or low water pressure. This unit equalizes the water pressure lines and it helps the automatic waterer work much better. There are many instances, especially in large installations, where a pressure regulator should be used where the water pressure may be extremely high. In this instance, we would definitely suggest our No. PR-200G Pressure Regulator.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The best 12v micro water pump refers to a micro water pump powered by 12V DC. It is equipped with a water inlet and a water outlet, and can continuously form a vacuum or negative pressure at the inlet, and a larger output pressure can be formed at the outlet of the water outlet. The working medium is mostly clean water or liquid, and the volume is very small.\nFeatures of the best 12v micro water pump:\n- The 12v micro water pump generally refers to a 12V DC power supply. It can be used for voltage transformation with a switching DC stabilized power supply, or it can be connected to a car battery, which is very convenient to use. Compared with AC water pumps, it has a wider range of use and is safer.\nScope of application of the best 12v micro water pump\n- Automation equipment, water circulation, water cooling and other electrical appliances, water dispensers, bathroom products, paper shredders, soilless cultivation, plumbing mattresses, air conditioning pumping, fish tanks, desktop crafts, foot baths, plumbing mattresses, water heaters, computer water cooling, water cooling fans, Medical equipment, pharmaceutical systems, chemicals, circulation systems, cooling and heat dissipation systems, refrigeration systems, solar fountains, small irrigation systems, water treatment systems, small water supply systems, automobile circulation systems, machine tools, household appliances, kitchen appliances, hot water circulation systems, etc.\nThe superiority of the best 12v micro water pump\n- First: Compared with AC electric water pumps, DC miniature water pumps are safer, more compact and portable.\n- Second: Unlike large pumps (such as partial impeller, centrifugal, etc.) that must be filled with water before each use, micro pumps have an important function: \"self-priming\", which means that before each pumping, In addition, in the case of water diversion, the suction pump can automatically suck up the water, especially in some cases where it is corrosive or it is inconvenient to add water by hand, the self-priming function is very convenient, and it is more and more popular with users. Especially the micro water pump with high suction lift\nThe purpose of the best 12v micro water pump\n- The 12v micro water pump is mainly used in water treatment, environmental protection, medical beauty equipment, industrial control, scientific research laboratories, etc. It needs to meet the needs of small size, low noise, low power consumption, etc., and can be widely used in water circulation, cooling, lifting, transfer, etc. Uses for pressurization, spraying, spraying, water circulation, conveying, etc.\n12v water pump,small 12 volt submersible water pump,mini water pump for fountain,12v high pressure submersible water pump,mini water transfer pump,12v submersible water pump with pressure switch\nAddress:No.30, Dapu lndustrial Street, Changping, Dongguan, Guangdong, China", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The term pipe flow is generally used to describe flow through round pipes in this experiment we will limit our study to flow through round pipes and pipe. The principle examined in this experiment was how the frictional flow of a fluid in a pipe relates to the relationship with the fluids reynolds number two types of fluid flows were. Experiment 2 --- flow measurement controlling the flow in piping systems is a significant issue in the chemical process industries obviously, in order to control the flow in a pipe, the. Performance test of a centrifugal pump system schematic for the pipe friction experiment part of the same flow system is a tank placed on a mechanical scale. To determine the energy losses in pipe flow back to home theory when a fluid is flowing through a pipe, the fluid experiences some resistance due to which some of the energy of the fluid.\nThere have been many investigations of the stability of hagen–poiseuille flow in the 125 years since osborne reynolds' famous experiments on the transition to turbulence in a pipe, and yet. Me 05 mechanical engineering lab page me 05 mechanical engineering laboratory spring quarter 00 experiment # 3: pipe flow objectives: a) calibrate a pressure transducer and two different. Consider a sudden enlargement in pipe flow area experiment (4): flow for the experiment is when the height of. The object of the experiment was to examine the pressure losses in turbulent pipe flow due to frictional forces present at the boundaries of the pipe’s flow area introduction for turbulent. Friction losses in pipes relative roughness relates the height of a typical roughness element to the scale of the flow, represented by the pipe diameter, d. Petroleum engineering department flow loop collins and schowalter 2 carried out flow experiments to determine the fig 2 velocity profile in pipe flow.\nLaminar and turbulent pipe flow lab report 1first step is to setup the apparatus for experiment and check that weather the pipe is in perfect horizontal. View lab report - pipe flow report from ae 341 at san diego state introduction: the name of this experiment is pipe flow the purpose of this experiment is to observe the variation of head. Pipe friction loss calculations flow of fluid through a pipe is resisted by viscous shear stresses within the fluid and the turbulence that occurs along the internal pipe wall, which is. View lab report - pipe flow experiment from ae 340 at san diego state martin 1 engineering mechanics 341 fluid mechanics laboratory pipe flow experiment introduction: the name of this.\nMe 354 - thermofluids laboratory spring 1999 lab 3 - minor losses in pipe flow introduction for flow in a circular pipe, an expression for the head loss due to skin friction can be. Fluid flow rates science spray nozzle without adjusting the water pressure can change flow of water in this experiment students will examine how pressure and. In this experiment we will measure the flow of air in a duct an orifice plate, shown in figures will be taken across the pipe at different radii.\nCompressible gas flow experiment and assisted compressible gas flow experiment and assisted comsol modeling due to the nature of turbulent flow the pipe. P6220, p6221 & p6222 flow in pipes and fittings table of contents 1 experiment 1 laminar and turbulent flow experiment 2 friction losses in pipes experiment 3.\nFluid flow through pipes and fittings can be investigated with respect select the pipe line on which the experiment will be performed by turning off the isolation. Osborne reynolds famously studied the conditions in which the flow of fluid in pipes transitioned from laminar flow to turbulent flowin his 1883 paper reynolds described the transition from. Fully developed turbulent pipe flow: a comparison between direct numerical simulation and experiment you will be asked to authorise cambridge core to. Introduction the pipe flow experiment involves predicting the discharge through a pipe system, given the geometryof the system, and upstream wate. Pipe friction lab add the aim of this experiment is to calculate the difference between the it is necessary to allow a pipe flow to become fully.\nLab 4: headloss along a pipe and at fittings the apparatus for this experiment includes a number of fittings and four flow to the experimental apparatus. Evaluation of energy losses in pipes almost all pipe flow regimes correspond to a transition zone where the frictional coefficient depends both on the reynolds. Pipe loss experimental apparatus the objectives of the experiment would this option would have produced a steady and predictable flow through the pipe. Laboratory #8 - head losses in pipe flow objective theory energy equation and the concept of heads frictional head losses ie, they came from experiments. Fluid mechanics lab experiment (12): the resistance to flow in a pipe is a function of the pipe length, pipe mechanics lab experiment (12): major losses 2. Experiment of flow measurement methods 1 the purpose of this experiment is to study some of the famous instruments used flow area in a pipe.\nAll Rights Saved.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Connecticut River Conservancy led the removal of the Montague Dam in Thetford.\nLocated on the falls upstream from the Route 113 bridge in Post Mills are the remains of the Montague Rod and Reel dam, which formerly powered a factory that manufactured fishing rods until 1933. Due to its historical significance, a portion of the stone structure was left intact. The concrete portion of the dam and the sediment were removed so that enough of the river channel could be restored to allow fish passage and reduce risks of flooding and erosion damage to nearby properties.\nPhoto credits: The Connecticut River Conservancy", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Rajang River water level reportedly has dropped after flooding began at the Bakun Dam. Already the express boat between Kapit and Belaga has been suspended.\nWill Kapit now be cut off from vital river transport? What about the area’s future water and energy supply?\nSee Borneo Post report here.\nWhat other environmental consequences does the Bakun Dam have in store?", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Swinerton Provides Management Services at Sharon Heights Pump StationContributor: Swinerton Blogger | June 24, 2015\nIn the late 1950s, the City of Menlo Park agreed to provide Stanford University with water and fire protection to the proposed linear accelerator, SLAC. A reservoir was built on land leased from Stanford, and in 1962 a pump station was installed to send water from the Hetch-Hetchy system to SLAC, the reservoir, the Sharon Heights Golf and Country Club, and nearby homes.\nSince installation, two out of the three pumps at the 1962 pump station have ceased to operate and have been replaced with temporary pumps. Due to the out-of-date technology, the entire pump station needed to be replaced, in order to improve power efficiency, and ensure water system reliability for future generations.\nUnder our five-year, on-call services agreement, Swinerton Management & Consulting was selected to provide bidding services, including pre-qualification of bidders and construction management for the construction of the Sharon Heights Pump Station. These services include contract management and administration, construction inspection, and coordination of the commissioning of the new pump station.\nThe scope of work for the construction project includes installing a temporary pump station prior to starting construction for the permanent pump station. The temporary pump station consists of three similar pumps, a portable electrical generator, and communication connections. Located on an adjacent parcel, the station will remain in operation while the permanent pump station is built. The contractor will be responsible for maintaining 24/7 operation of the temporary pump until the permanent one is operational.\nWork also includes coordinating with PG&E for powering both the temporary and permanent pump stations, and demolishing an existing pump station. Construction of the permanent pump station will commence once the temporary station is complete, and water flow rates and quality test results are accepted. The permanent pump station will consist of a pump house that will contain all the pumps, motors, electrical controls, alarm system, and other appurtenances.\nDuring the construction of the Sharon Heights Pump Station, special coordination of the temporary station was needed to keep the reliability and adequate water flow of the temporary station during the hot summer months. The original design parameters accounted for an existing fixed connection of the temporary pump station to the City’s distribution system. During testing, it became apparent that summer flows and water quality of the system would be compromised, and a higher flow rate was needed.\nSMC team members helped the owner negotiate a substantial change of conditions with the temporary pump station design. Re-design of the mechanical and electrical equipment became necessary to maintain both the reservoir levels and reliable water quality during the hot summer period. Variable frequency drives that increased the pump motors to 120% of the motor-rated capacity were required and used to increase the flow rate to the reservoir during the summer months. This ensured nitrification of the water on the reservoir was avoided, and that the station could keep up with water consumption.\nNo disruptions to service were experienced during the time the temporary pump station was placed into service.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "|Structure:||Horizontal Injection Molding Machine||Usage::||Electric Parts|\n|Machine Weight::||7T||Clamping Force::||2400KN|\n|Space Between Tie Bar:||530*510mm||Pump Motor Power:||18.5kw|\nall electric injection molding machines,\nplastic products making machine\nplastic mason jar production line price injection lids molding machine for sale energy saving soap dispenser making\nThe machine use the high-performance servo dynamic control system, the oil pump as the power source, having the characteristics as follow: high response,saving energy, low noise, high-control precision, and have the breakthrough in the prefect connection of the electrical servo and hydraulic drive system.\nHigh Energy saving\nPrecise control of low pressure & low flow, repeating precision is less than 0.5%. Weight error of the products is 0.4%~0.7%, with semi-close loop system nearly.\nConfiguring rational centralized lubrication, providing more professional, better lubrication to make machine more cleaner.\nExcellent injection performance\nDouble cylinder injection, entire floor-guided, reliable and stable.\nSuperior clamping system\nAdopts optimized connection rod structure, faster and smoother operation.\nNew frame structure\nHigh efficient powerful servo system optional\nPower system adopts high pressure gear box and servo motor, rotary encoder,pressure transducer and servo amplifier to get system closed-loop control\nHigh efficiency, Energy-saving and high precise proportional pressure and flow variable displacement pump system make the out of the hydraulic system matching the required power for entire machine operation without loss of high pressure throttle and overflow energy. As comparedwith constant displacement pump, t saves power by 30%~60%.A motor with same power may be fitted with an oil pump of bigger displacement and thus accelerates the speed of machine.Besides, the low oil temperature will prolong the service life of sealing elements\nWith steady capability, servo gearshift dynamical control system has equipped with pressure feedback device with high precision and sensitivity, which forms close-loop precision control, cycle time effectively shortened and improving production efficiency.\nOil temperature rise slowly\nThe system can restrain arising of oil temperature, so smaller oil cooling system can be used in the machine.\n|Screw L/D Ration||L/D||22.2||20||18.2|\n|Space Between Tie Bars||mm||530*510|\n|Pump Motor Power||KW||18.5|\n|Oil Tank Capacity||L||340|\nContact Person: Mike", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "All You Want to Know About Hydraulic Control Valves\nHydraulic Control System do have great importance in our daily life. The hydraulic valves are used for controlling the pressure and flow rate of fluids in a hydraulic system. If hydraulic nozzlea are not used, then most of the processes would have become ineffective and unsafe. The hydraulic valves have been in existence for many long years but we started using it only lately. In the early days these nozzle were only used in the science labs for conducting various experiments but now hydraulic valves are used for a variety of purposes. There have been many innovations on this product which is the reason why they are found important for several applications.\nThe purpose for which a hydraulic nozzle is used depends on its shape. One such kind of hydraulic valves are control valves which are used to modify and transfer the pressure and flow of hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic systems. The hydraulic control nozzle comes in different sizes and pressure ratings. The different types of Hydraulic control valves are classified by a relationship between the nozzle stem-position and flow rate through the nozzle. The hydraulic control nozzles consist of a main valve and attachments such as pilot valve, pipeline, ball nozzle, needle valve and manometer. You can find different designs of control valves including check, relief, cartridge, shut off, safety, and solenoid valves.\nWhile in an open position, these valves permit the flow of fluid and they prevent the flow when the valve is in a closed position. The hydraulic valves are mostly used to prevent the improper levels of pressure in Hydraulic Control System. There are some nozzles which stop the flow when the rates get too high, while there are valves which transmit signals to other valves in order to maintain the systematic balance of flow.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The correct way to replace hydraulic oil for small cranes\nHydraulic oil is the main energy source of power for small cranes, and it plays the roles of energy transmission, anti-wear, system lubrication, anti-corrosion, anti-rust and cooling in the hydraulic system. When the hydraulic oil has been used for a long time, it needs to be replaced in time. When replacing, it is not only necessary to fill the oil tank with oil, but also to clean up a lot of old hydraulic oil remaining in the oil cylinder and hydraulic control valve, because the old and new hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank is mixed, which will cause problems. Speed up the deterioration of new oil. So do you know how to correctly replace the hydraulic oil for a small crane? Let's learn about it together:\nFirst, let off the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil tank, clean the oil tank and add new hydraulic oil, then disassemble the hydraulic oil circuit main pipe, start the engine to run at low speed, make the oil pump work, operate each mechanism separately, and then disassemble the oil return pipe of each working oil cylinder The road relies on hydraulic oil to discharge the old oil in the circuit one by one until new oil flows out of the oil return main pipe. Finally, connect the oil return main pipe to the oil tank, and add new hydraulic oil to the oil tank of the small crane to the specified position.\nContact: Manager Tian\nAddress: Sitong Industrial Park, Changgou Town, Rencheng Development Zone, Jining City, Shandong Province", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The design concept for hydrostatic bearings is the generation of a high-pressure\nfluid film by using an external pump. The hydrostatic system of a journal bearing\nis shown in Fig. 1-4. The fluid is fed from a pump into several recesses around the\nbore of the bearing. From the recesses, the fluid flows out through a thin\nclearance, h0, between the journal and bearing surfaces, at the lands outside\nthe recesses. Previous literature on hydrostatic bearings includes Opitz (1967),\nRowe (1989), Bassani and Picicigallo (1992), and Decker and Shapiro (1968).\nThe fluid film in the clearance separates the two surfaces of the journal and\nthe bearing and thus reduces significantly the friction and wear. At the same time,\nthe thin clearance at the land forms a resistance to the outlet flow from each\nrecess. This flow resistance is essential for maintaining high pressure in the\nrecess. The hydrodynamic load capacity that carries the external load is the\nresultant force of the pressure around the bearing.\nThere is also a fluid film in a hydrodynamic bearing. However, unlike the\nhydrodynamic bearing, where the pressure wave is generated by the hydrody-\nnamic action of the rotation of the journal, hydrostatic bearing pressure is\ngenerated by an external pump.\nThere are certain designs of hydrodynamic bearings where the oil is also\nsupplied under pressure from an external oil pump. However, the difference is\nthat in hydrostatic bearings the design entails recesses, and the operation does not\ndepend on the rotation of the journal for generating the pressure wave that\nCopyright 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.\nsupports the load. For example, the hydrodynamic journal bearing does not\ngenerate hydrodynamic pressure and load capacity when the journal and sleeve\nare stationary. In contrast, the hydrostatic bearing maintains pressure and load\ncapacity when it is stationary; this characteristic is important for preventing wear\nduring the bearing start-up. In fact most hydrostatic j", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "13-18 january a permacutlure design seminar took place in Minsk, Belarus which included Bogdan Popov’s lectures on sustainable water supply and sanitation in permaculture.\n- General info on water\n- Global water cycle. Local water patterns\n- Climate change challenges\n- The effects of vegetation on local water patterns\n- Water supply sources (ground water, surface water, atmospheric water)\n- Water collectors (wells, roofs, swales)\n- Water quality. Water purifications\n- Reservoirs and ponds\n- Household water supply\n- Waste water utilization\n- Waste water treatment\n- Compost and water toilets.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Institute of Hydropower & Hydroinformatics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China\nThe power generation of upstream power stations directly affects the power generation of downstream power stations through the upstream and downstream hydraulic connection. This hydraulic connection increases the difficulty of the establishment and solution of the spot market clearing model. To this end,a clearing model for the cross-regional transaction spot market coupled with complex hydraulic connection is proposed. Firstly, the nonlinear constraints are linearized in this model. Secondly, the cascaded hydropower family is introduced, and the complex hydraulic connection is transformed into the maximum and minimum power generation of cascaded hydropower stations. Furthermore, the hydropower units participate in the spot market clearing by means of the equivalent thermal power units which meet the maximum and minimum power generation constraints of the hydropower station groups, so the complex hydraulic connection is eliminated. Taking the hydropower transmission from Yunnan Province to Guangdong Province as an example for verification, the results demonstrate that the clearing results can meet the various operation constraints of the units, and can reflect the market price signals truthfully; the congestion components of the power generation of cascaded hydropower stations can reasonably represent the congestion cost caused by the basin inflow.\nThis work is supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 52039002).\n|||ZHONG Ruhong, CHENG Chuntian, LIAO Shengli, et al. Clearing Model for Cross-regional Transaction Spot Market Coupled with Complex Hydraulic Connection[J/OL]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, http://doi. org/10.7500/AEPS20201206001.|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "HYMEC SLAVE CYLINDER (90mm)\nAvailability In Stock\nSUZUKI RM-Z450 2005-08 | 10mm stroke when bled correctly | 10.5mm piston dia | Fully withdrawn length 90mm - To measure this, remove the slave cylinder from the clutch arm and carefully activate the master cylinder until the slave cylinder activation rod is fully withdrawn into the slave cylinder body. Measure the distance from the shoulder of the sleeve where the rod protrudes from the slave cylinder to the nipple at the end of the rod. If the slave cylinder is dry, manually push the rod into the cylinder until the piston touches the bronze cap.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Dam Reservoir Operations Analysis\nAn energy client required the development of an operational analysis of extreme floods for the a reservoir in Wyoming. The operational analysis was intended to define alternative summer reservoir target levels that would allow greater flexibility in flood control operations, thereby reducing the possibility of overtopping and activating the dam's fuse plug. An analysis of downstream dam break flood routing was also required to demonstrate that the project would not unduly increase flood risk.\nRole / Services: WSE provided a range of technical analyses including flood frequency analyses, development of reservoir design inflow hydrographs, reservoir operations modeling, analysis of the potential for breaching of the spillway fuse plug, development of a reservoir rule curve, and downstream hydraulic routing using HEC-RAS.\nOutcome: WSE concluded that earlier evaluations of the downstream flood routing may have been overly conservative and that with minor modifications to project operations the potential for increased flood risk in the downstream corridor could be minimized without changes to the physical infrastructure of the dam.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Home > Products > hydraulic valves > For hydraulic pressure control valves used in military industry, Krischnan only found AAK\nFor hydraulic pressure control valves used in military industry, Krischnan only found AAK\n- Negotiable |Get Latest Price\n- 1 Piece / Pieces\n- 10000 Piece / Pieces per Month\n- The Hydraulic Cartridge Pressure Control Valve that has puzzled customer for more than 2 years has been solved by AAK with a small trick\n- For the Hydraulic Cartridge Pressure Control Valve with a durability of 2 million times, Leander only found AAK\n- AAK impressed German customer with 3 points for hydraulic cartridge check valve with length diameter ratio of 25:1\n- The Hydraulic Cartridge Needle valve that HydraForce can't make, AAK has done it in 30 days\n- The manual of hydraulic valve, which is unknown to 90% of people, is broken down by AAK according to \"pouring drinks into cups\"\n- The boss wanted to disband the project team because of the problem of the hydraulic manifold, Timothy paid $6000 privately to choose AAK\n|Brand Name:||AAK HYDRAULIC VALVES||Place of Origin:||China||Model Number:||AAK355|\n|Type:||Hydraulic Power Units|\nKrischnan, from Greece, has been engaged in the procurement of hydraulic valves for 6 years. At the beginning of the year, their hydraulic power unit used in military equipment needed to purchase hydraulic pressure control valves. Krischnan selected a supplier who has cooperated for 4 years to sample the hydraulic pressure control valve, which is required to be leak free and free of jamming. 1 month later, the accuracy of the hydraulic pressure control valves produced by the original manufacturer did not meet the equipment requirements, but this has already been the manufacturer's limit. Krischnan can only re select the manufacturer of the hydraulic pressure control valves and specially note with specific accuracy requirements that the cylindricity of the inner hole of the valve cage needs to below 2μm, the surface roughness is Ra0.15. He contacted more than 10 hydraulic valve manufacturers in 1 week, and only 2 manufacturers were willing to sample, but they still did not meet the equipment requirements. More than 2 months of time wasted, Krischnan became very anxious.\nKrischnan found AAK at Google and left a message asking whether there were hydraulic valves for military equipment. I was not sure about his purpose, so I gave an irrelevant answer that AAK had supplied hydraulic valves for aerospace 4 years ago. Krischnan sent the drawing of the hydraulic pressure control valve the next day, emphasizing that it was used for military equipment and reminding the machining accuracy and geometric accuracy. He seemed to be afraid of another failure, stressed and reminded again and again.\n3 days later, I told him that we are 90% confident to be successful. If AAK also failed on this hydraulic pressure control valve, he would not need to go around in Ningbo again. The next day, Krischnan paid the development fee. After 45 days, AAK sent 30 samples of hydraulic pressure control valves.\nAt the beginning of last month, Krischnan said in an email that although the time of AAK samples was longer than that of other hydraulic valve manufacturers, the AAK hydraulic pressure control valve was recognized by the engineer and the equipment commissioning was smooth. At the same time, he also sighed: after 3 rounds, only AAK was found to be able to produce the hydraulic pressure control valves that can be used in military industry.\nAAK focuses on 3 points to control the accuracy of the valve hole in the valve cage of the hydraulic pressure control valves:\n1. The valve cage inner hole processing process was re optimized in 6 steps: drill the top hole with deep hole drill, vacuum quenching, rough honing, semi fine honing, artificial aging treatment, fine honing, and the process parameters were reset. Most manufacturers of hydraulic pressure control valves can only achieve 3 steps: vacuum quenching, rough honing and fine honing.\n2. As for the details of honing, 0.04mm full honing allowance shall be reserved during rough honing of inner hole to lay a good foundation for subsequent fine honing and grasp the stress generated by honing. Here, skill is required, which is also a key step of accuracy.\n3. More attention is paid to fine honing. An oilstone made of cubic boron nitride is used for fine honing. After fine honing, the cylindricity of the inner hole of the valve cage is below 1.5μm and the surface roughness is below Ra0.1μm.\nAAK hydraulic pressure control valve, 6-step optimization, 2 detailed points, you can also try a small order!\nAAK HYDRAULIC CARTRIDGE VALVES (355) 2022-09-20\n- AAK INDUSTRY CO., LTD\n- The hydraulic cartridge flow control valve failed in 3 proofs with the old supplier cooperated for 3 years, it was different after AAK took over\n- Hydraulic cartridge pressure control valve specially for manifold with off center cavity, AAK assisted Galeno to participate in the exhibition successfully\n- Many manufacturers have no solution to the hydraulic cartridge directional control valve, AAK solved the problem by adding damping orifices\n- AAK hydraulic cartridge directional control valve with 0.8μm hole accuracy, has made more than 20 manufacturers dumbfounded\n- 50 customized hydraulic cartridge relief valves were completed in 30 days, AAK replaced the original Italian hydraulic valve manufacturer\n- The market share of Chinese hydraulic valve manufacturers depends on price or value. AAK thinks so\n- Two million times of hydraulic cartridge directional control valve, AAK wins the Brazilian manufacturer\n- Buy hydraulic cartridge check valve samples 3 times a year, and hit AAK with a big order for the fourth time\n- Hydraulic cartridge directional valve with 2 drops/min replaced the original manufacturer\n- The hydraulic cartridge directional control valve that HydraForce can't make, is customized by AAK for navigation\n- For 3 details of AAK hydraulic manifolds, Tancredo would never want to change manufacturer again\n- What kind of Chinese hydraulic valve manufacturers have a future? AAK believes that manufacturers with more blue-collar technicians\n- With AAK hydraulic manifold, the equipment energy consumption is reduced by 20%, and the customer engineer is impressed\n- The hydraulic cartridge flow control valve with a cylindricity of 0.003mm, the technology used by AAK is unexpected by peers\n- High pressure resistant 450Bar hydraulic manifold that cannot be done by Brazilian manufacturer, and customer's sales doubled after AAK taking over\n- For hydraulic cartridge flow control valve that HAWE can't handle, AAK changed material for 3 times and sampled for 6 times, and succeeded in 180 days\n- For 23 years, insisted on 3 things, the real knack from the founder of AAK Hydraulic Valve\n- AAK uses the 4-step method to ensure that the cartridge relief valve is free of burrs\n- With pressure resistance of 450bar and service life of 2 years，the performance of AAK hydraulic cartridge relief valve is twice that of its peers\n- AAK solved the squeal of the hydraulic cartridge relief valve with a small trick, and Chapman abandoned the original hydraulic valve manufacturer\n- AAK improved the hydraulic cartridge directional control valve with small tips, helping Napoleon reduced energy consumption of the equipment by 20%\n- Benchmarking SUN's hydraulic Cartridge relief valve, AAK helped Cleveland save cost for 30%\n- The hydraulic manifold valve holes that many manufacturers can't achieve, AAK produced in volume 3 years ago\n- 2 key technologies in Chinese market, AAK hydraulic manifolds lead domestic peers\n- 12 volt hydraulic power units\n- 12v hydraulic power units\n- accumulator hydraulic\n- bosch rexroth\n- danfoss hydraulic motor\n- epe accumulators\n- fittings for hydraulic hoses\n- high speed hydraulic motor\n- hydraulic accumulator charging\n- hydraulic bladder accumulator\n- hydraulic gear motor\n- hydraulic motor\n- hydraulic oil tank\n- hydraulic power pack\n- hydraulic power pack unit\n- hydraulic power unit\nFind Similar Products By Category\n- Mechanical Parts & Fabrication Services > Hydraulic Parts", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "- For the economic management of the waterways between Elbe and Oder it is essential to know the discharge of these rivers at defined locks.\n- The authority for water and navigation (WSA) in Lauenburg operates hydrological stations for the measurement of water level and discharge to effectively regulate the water flow at the locks in Plau and Malliß (Mueritz-Elde-waterway) and in Banzkow (Stör-waterway).\n- So far, the discharge has been calculated by discharge charts: the operating personnel had to note the position of the weirs/gates and the upstream water level and converted these values into discharge data.\nThis method is very cumbersome and time consuming for the staff. Besides it is not possible to calculate the amount of water transported through the locks and the discharge through the chambers if there is ice or flood.\n- Online measurement of water level and flow velocity with discharge calculation according to the velocity-index-method at the stations in Plau, Banzkow and Malliß\n- Data storage and prompt supply of all data for the management tasks of the water and navigation authorities or for the current requirements of other users (e.g. regional authorities)\n- Remote data transmission and maintenance of the monitoring systems via GSM-mobile network\n- OTT SLD 2.0 – Side Looking – Doppler for the measurement of local velocity (Index velocity)\n- Station manager (advanced data logger) LogoSens2 for the monitoring, processing, storing and transmission of all measured values\n- OTT CBS – compact bubble sensor for long-term - stable water level monitoring\n- Solar power supply (station in Malliß)\n- GSM – modem for remote data retrieval\n- In order to offer the best possible service the installation has been realized in cooperation with a local partner, company „Hydrotechnik Schlestein“\n- Online – monitoring of total discharge (weir + lock)\n- Reliable measurement of velocity of flow with current ultrasonic Doppler -technology\n- Long-term-stable water level measurement\n- Installation work only on one waterside required\n- No cable passing through the water required\n- Data polling via GSM – mobile radio network\n- Station maintenance through remote control\nThe new monitoring network equipped with OTT instruments of up-to-date technology will provide discharge data around-the-clock.\n- Three discharge measurement stations have been equipped with OTT technology\n- Instruments are deployed since January 2008\n- The professional service arranged for the stations to be put into operation on schedule", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Trailer Mounted Concrete Pumps Series HBT20 HBT30 HBT40 HBT60 HBT80 China supplier 20m3/hr 30m3/hr 40m3/hr powerful fine stone concrete pump for pumping concrete construction A concrete pump is a machine used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping. is a machine used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping.\nTrailer mounted concrete pump, stationary pump manufacturer from China HX-HBT6013-90S trailer pump has maximum output of 65 cubic meter per hour, equipped with self-diagnosis technology monitoring the pump status at any time as well as diagnosing more\nChina Trailer Concrete Pump (HBT Series), Find details about China Concrete Pump, Trailer Concrete Pump from Trailer Concrete Pump (HBT Series) - Hongda Construction Machine Co., Ltd.\nMax. Theor. Concrete Output m 3 /h 30 60 Concrete Pumping pressure Mpa 6 13 Distribution Valve form S Pipe S Pipe Hopper Capacity m3 0.35 0.6 Hopper Height mm 1,000 1,400 Theor. Max. Delivery Distance (Vertical/Horizontal) 140/450 2001,000 Engine\nHBT4010C-5I. HBT5008C-6Y. HBT5010C-5I. 60 Series Trailer Pump. Max Output Quantity 65 - 70m³/h. Max Output Pressure 7 - 16MPa. Engine Rated Power 75 - 180kW. Max Output Quantity: 65 - 70m³/h. Max Output Pressure: 7 - 16MPa.\nHBT80 trailer concrete pump, trailer concrete pump manufacturers the unique open hydraulic system and hydraulic cushion technology contribute to the smaller exchange impact and less heat of the system Haomei HBT80 trailer concrete pumps are concrete pumping machines, including S-valve series of high-pressure concrete pumps, Z-gate-valve series of medium-pressure concrete pumps and D-butterfly\nHbt60 Trailer Mounted Beton Concrete Pump, Find Details about Concrete Pump, Stationary Concrete Pump from Hbt60 Trailer Mounted Beton Concrete Pump - Langfang Runsun Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. Langfang, Hebei, China Business Type: Manufacturer\nHBT/DHBT series Concrete Pump Small and Medium Concrete Pump XBS/DXBS Fine Stone Concrete Pump Truck Mounted Concrete Pump Truck-mounted Concrete Boom Pump\nChina Hbt Series Concrete Pump manufacturers - Select 2021 high quality Hbt Series Concrete Pump products in best price from certified Chinese Machinery Equipment, Plastic Machinery suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com\nWe specialize in supplying concrete pumps, concrete mixer truck, concrete concrete machinery parts for concrete pump, concrete pump truck, truck mixer, concrete batching plant, etc. Our typical products include the spectacle wear plate, cutting ring, s valve\nHBT and DHBT series (small and medium) Large Aggregate Concrete Pump Theoretic Concrete Delivery Volume: 40-50m3/h Hydraulic Pressure: 25-28mpa Product Features Based on our mature hydraulic large concrete pumps, especially for urban construction\nThe Description of HBT60S1413-112R Trailer Concrete Pump HBT series concrete pumps are mainly used to pump concrete. This concrete pumping is widely used for the construction works in civil construction, bridge construction, electric power and other energy source facilities and so on.\nHBT Series Concrete Pump, various motor and diesel engine concrete pumps mainly cover capacity from 30 to 120m³/h and pressure from 5 to 20Mpa. HBT Series Concrete Trailer Pump Application range: On the basis of electric commutation technology, we have\n8/7/2021 · HS Code. 8412400000. Product Description. HBT series Trailer Mounted concrete pump. Models. Realtop offers Stationary concrete pump model HBT30 to HBT80, with diesel engine or eletric motor, single/dual engine or motor, and Main oil pump, diesel engines, valves with famous brands worldwide. Hydraulic System.\nChina Liugong 60 M3/H Diesel Trailer Concrete Mixer Pump Hbt6013132e, Find details about China Concrete Trailer Pump, Trailer Mounted Concrete Pump from Liugong 60 M3/H Diesel Trailer Concrete Mixer Pump Hbt6013132e - Evangel Industrial (Shanghai) Co\nHBT/DHBT series Concrete Pump - Trailer Concrete Pump,concrete pump supply,concrete pump buyer,concrete pumping for sale - Hamac Machinery. We specialize in supplying concrete pumps, concrete mixer truck, concrete concrete machinery parts for concrete pump, concrete pump truck, truck mixer, concrete batching plant, etc.\n1.CONCRETE PUMP,also called trailer mounted concrete pump or concrete trailer pump, is the kind of small concrete pump mounted on the moveable trailer to to convey concrete to hard to access flexibly. 2.CINACHARM brand new generation concrete pump trailer is specially designed and engineered with latest differential pressure induction control\nChina XCMG trailer mounted concrete pump HBT5008K 82kw construction machine for sale FOB for Concrete Mach Reference Price ： Get Latest Price $100000.00-$200000.00 1 / EA (Min. Order) Model： HBT5008K Warranty： One Year", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "FLOW MEASUREMENT FUNDAMENTALS PDF DOWNLOAD!\nLiquid flow meters are used to measure the volumetric flow rate or amount of a moving liquid. Volumetric gas flow switches are devices with a switch output used for measuring the flow or quantity of a moving gas in terms of a unit of volume per unit time, such as cubic feet per minute. First, the existing theoretical fundamentals that cover flow measurement in regular conduits are presented and relevant design features of typical ultrasonic flow. result, accurate measurement of flow rate is very important. Needless to say that there could be diverse requirements of flow measurement, depending upon.\n|Published:||1 April 2016|\n|PDF File Size:||30.28 Mb|\n|ePub File Size:||8.26 Mb|\nDividing the mass on the known volume of the tube gives us the density of the fluid.\nThere was a problem providing the content you requested\nAn instantaneous density measurement allows the calculation of flow in volume per time by dividing mass flow with density. Calibration[ edit ] Both mass flow and density measurements depend on the vibration of the tube. Calibration is affected by changes in the rigidity of the flow tubes.\nAdditional features that differential pressure transmitters for flow measurement flow measurement fundamentals possess include: This is necessary because flow rate is proportional to the square root of differential pressure for an orifice plate meter and other differential pressure flow meters.\n- Basics of Flow measurement Instrumentation Tools\n- Mass flow meter - Wikipedia\nThe location of the transmitter in a differential pressure flow measurement installation should be carefully considered in order not to introduce measurement errors.\nAs a flow measurement fundamentals, in gas flow measurement with the orifice flow meter, the transmitter should be installed above the pipe in order to prevent any condensate from entering the pressure lines.\nMass flow meter\nFor liquid measurement systems, the transmitter is installed below the pipe to prevent gas bubbles from entering the measuring system.\nA pressure transmitter is flow measurement fundamentals to continuously measure static pressure in gas flow measurement setup. This is because static pressure variations significantly affect the density of gases and needs to be compensated for.\nLiquid systems do not have this problem.\nSo a continuous measurement of the temperature of the process is required in order to compensate for this variation. However, in some fluids viscosity can begin to increase above certain temperatures. Viscosity is measured in units of centipoise. Another type of viscosity, called kinematic viscosity, is measured in units flow measurement fundamentals centistokes.\nApplied fluid flow measurement : fundamentals and technology in SearchWorks catalog\nAlso, the fact that gases are compressible, whereas liquids essentially are not, often requires that different methods be used for measuring the flow rates of liquids, gases, or liquids with gases in them. It has been flow measurement fundamentals that the most important flow factors can be correlated together into a dimensionless parameter called the Reynolds Number.\nUnderstanding Flow measurement fundamentals The Flow Law If liquid flow through a pipe of varying diameters, at any particular time the same volume flows at all points. This means, the velocity of liquid must increase at a narrow point see figure below.\nEnergy Flow measurement fundamentals in Flow Back to the principle that energy is conserved within a system; it may just change from a state to another, the same principle applies to the flow within a flow closed-system. Consider the Below Diagram: Neglecting the types of energy which do not change during flow, the total energy is made up of; i.\nThere is no measurable change in potential energy. However, the static pressure changes, dependent upon the back flow measurement fundamentals, i.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Sumitomo QX21-016/21-010/22-005R Hydraulic Pump\nUsed in hydraulic systems that require high pressure, this pump provides high volume, smooth and reliable performance. The QX21-016/21-010/22-005R is ideally suited for mobile cranes and other applications that demand a rugged and robust design.\nThe Sumitomo QX21-016/21-010/22-005R Hydraulic Pump is a powerful pump capable of producing more than 30 liters per minute.\n1) Provide hydraulic fluid pressure to the hydraulic pump at a constant and reliable level regardless of the power used\n2) Help engineering companies increase efficiency and quality of their pumps with our advanced design.\n3) The quality of engineering increases resulting in happier clients, which creates more loyalty and longer-lasting relationships.\n4) This pump is offered in 3 different models and can be used for various tasks, including hydraulic fluids, hydraulic systems, and hydraulic motors.\n5) Reduce costly downtime by replacing your worn-out or defective pump with this new model.\n6) The high power rating and low noise level of the pump minimizes the requirement for lubrication.\n7) Increase production capacity and reduce downtime by replacing three different models with a single, compatible one.\nSumitomo QX21-016/21-010/22-005R Hydraulic Pump Datasheet\n|Flange Block Bearings\n|Maximum Flow Rate\n|6 Bolt Round Flange Block\n|Spherical Roller Bearing\n|Double Lip Nitrile Rubber", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir have signed an agreement on the Shahpur Kandi project, where 207 MW power be generated and irrigate 95,000 acre of land for the farmers. The project will also provide a balancing reservoir to enable the upstream Ranjit Sagar dam project. Of the 600 MW installed capacity of the Ranjit Sagar Dam, only 300 MW is generated at a maximum output as the Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) system cannot handle more flow. Also, the water would go waste to Pakistan if the generation is sought to be ubbed. However, with the construction of the Shahpur Kandi dam, a gross storage capacity of 12,071 hectare metre would be provided so it would generate 600 MW at the Ranjit Sagar dam without letting any water downstream of Shahpur Kandi. This water would then be utilised for the fields in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir through UBDC system and the J&K canal from the Madhopur Headworks in Pathankot.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This construction is ideal for violent flows and/or heavy paddles. We utilize a pivot at the base of the flow switch, with the stem and paddle hanging on this pivot. Above the pivot, the stem ends in a socket which operates a ball attached to the upper arm.\nThis construction can be used for flow and reverse flow applications. For over 24″ stem extension, this design is mandatory. It cannot be used in small tees. The paddle can be a solid or hollow cylinder, perforated, bar paddle, or other special design.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Vertical VFD Stainless Steel Constant Pressure Water Supply Pump System\n|FOB Price:||US $500-3,899 / Piece|\n|Min. Order:||1 Piece|\n|Min. Order||FOB Price|\n|1 Piece||US $500-3,899/ Piece|\n|Production Capacity:||1000 PCS Per Year|\n|Payment Terms:||L/C, T/T|\n- Max.Head: >150m\n- Driving Type: Motor\n- Working Pressure: High Pressure Pump\n- Position of Pump Shaft: Vertical Pump\n- Mounting Height: Suction Centrifugal\n- Usage: Pump, Pumps, Condensate Pump, Ash Pumps, Circulating Pump\n- Specification: cast iron, stainless steel\n- Max.Capacity: >400 L/min\n- Impeller Number: Multistage Pump\n- Influent Type of Impeller: Single Suction Pump\n- Pump Casing Combined: Verticaljoint Surface Pump\n- Impeller: Closed\n- Transport Package: Export Wooden Case\n- Origin: China\nVariable frequency pump series constant pressure frequency conversion water supply system is composed of newest great performance PID frequency conversion controlling cabinet, one pump or more than 2 pumps. It is the top technical water boosting equipment, which can automatically adjust to satisfy the requirement of constant pressure, variable water demand.\nThe pressure of water supply net can be kept constant water pressure. The whole water supply system can be at best effective, energy saving, perfect status.\nParts of Vertical VFD Stainless Steel Constant Pressure Water Supply Pump System\nVertical stainless steel multistage pump\nFrequency converter and pressure sensor\nA series pipeline, valve and base\nApplication of Vertical VFD Stainless Steel Constant Pressure Water Supply Pump System\nWater plant and booster pump station\nWater supply of residential area, hotel, restaurant and big public building\nAll kinds of factory\nFire fighting of residential area, hotel, restaurant and big public building\nFactory constant pressure ,cooling water and circulation water\nHot water supply, air condition and so on\nSewage pump station,sewage handle and so on\nAgricultural irrigation,greenland irrigation, landscape and fountain\nWater Supply Way of Vertical VFD Stainless Steel Constant Pressure Water Supply Pump System\nThere are two ways of water supply, they are frequency convention water supply and pressure tank water supply.\na. Frequency water supply is automatically adjust the rotation speed of one pump or run/stop one or more pumps, which is the best water supply way to keep the water supply net to be stable .\nb. Another way is pressure tank water supply which don,t start the pump motor, the pressure tank store some water which can offer water when you need less water. Such as at night or any other case. It is easy to use for Domestic water supply\nFor more information. contact us, our engineer will give you best solution for your requirement\nAdvantage of Vertical VFD Stainless Steel Constant Pressure Water Supply Pump System\nAccording to water consumption,usage frequency converter to control speed of the pump ,high efficieny\nand protection the pump.\nUsage pressure sensor, top floor and base floor are same pressure--constant pressure\nEasy to install,only connect the cable, you can use it.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Bottom discharge air leaking designed slurry pump\nThe horizontal slurry pump outlet direction can be adjusted to 8 different directions to fit for the user working site.\nWhen the outlet direction is at bottom, it may have insufficient water supply problem\nocassionally,and have air inside the volute casing. Zidong Pump company\nre-designed the pump based on this ,and add an air discharge valve on top of the\nvolute casing. This can effectively solve the problem and let pump working more fluently.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "1. Maintenance of main clutch of roller accessories\nIn addition to carefully adjusting its control mechanism at any time, XCMG accessory main clutch shall also carefully check and adjust the ends of its three release levers located in the same plane, and maintain a certain clearance (0.4 ~ 0.7mm) with the release bearing. When the main clutch is engaged and disengaged, it should be smooth and gentle without excessive force. When the clutch is engaged, the clutch pedal should be returned to the original position to fully engage the clutch. When the clutch is disengaged, the keyword ranking should be optimized. The pedal should be pressed to the bottom to fully disengage the clutch. During the operation, the construction company of the website needs to prevent the clutch from being in a half clutch and half engagement state to avoid burning out the clutch. Check the main clutch frequently to avoid oil contamination on the surface of the friction plate and pressing plate.\n2. Maintenance of hydraulic system of roller accessories\nCheck whether the mounting bolts of filter, valve, motor, oil pump, oil cylinder, etc. are loose and whether there is oil leakage at each joint. Observe the oil level gauge on the side of the oil tank. When the hydraulic oil of the small roller is too small, add the filtered hydraulic oil of the same brand. The hydraulic oil tank shall be cleaned every six months and the oil shall be changed. When adding or changing oil, do not mix impurities and dirt into the oil tank. The new oil added or changed shall be filtered in advance. No. 68 anti-wear hydraulic oil is used for hydraulic oil. The hydraulic oil filter shall be cleaned or replaced every 500 hours of use.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The DH-Budenberg Model 80 hydraulic pipeline tester works by relying on the same measurement principle as deadweight testers. To measure a pressure, masses are added to the piston unit corresponding to a pressure just below that to be measured. The total downward force of the masses is then in excess of the pressure to be measured and is balanced by the pressure produced by the spindle pump applied to the stepped area of the piston which pushes it upwards. This low pressure is indicated on the precision dial pressure gauge specially graduated so that the reading of the gauge only is added to the pressure equivalent of the masses used. The weight of the mass carrier corresponds to the scale range of the dial gauge and is ignored.\nThe piston unit and test masses supplied with this pipeline tester have been calibrated against standards which are traceable to National Standards\nThe DH-Budenberg Model 80 hydraulic pipeline tester is ideal for the following applications:\n– Leak and yield strength testing\n– Detection of frictional pressure losses along pipelines\n– Monitoring of gas pressure associated with flow metering\n– Measurement of well head gas pressure and hydraulic test pressure of riser pipe\n– Measurement of steam pressure for efficiency testing", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Improving wastewater treatment performance and achieving a sustainable sludge line with nutrients removal\nWhy Aquasuite for wastewater?\nThe wastewater treatment process can be fully controlled by Aqua Suite – a modular, scalable and quick-to-deploy software solution for existing and new wastewater treatment plants. It enables real-time response, enhancing operational efficiencies in critical infrastructure. Proven AI algorithms predict the level of dry weather flow (DFW), rainwater flow (RWF), influent flow and load, and sludge production. Aqua Suite uses these predictions to fully automate and control the flow through the network, maximise the usage of sewer networks and optimise the sludge line, to reduce Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) events and pollution incidents, and help turn waste into renewable energy.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic filters are part of the hydraulic system for continually removing contaminants in hydraulic oil and other hydraulic fluids. This process purifies the hydraulic fluid and protects the system from damage caused by particulate matter. The type of hydraulic filter depends on its fluid flow, application pressure drop, working pressure, volume, construction and more.\nEvery hydraulic system consists of several basic hydraulic filter components, including filter heads, filter canisters, bypass valves, reservoir, filter, pump, lines, control valves and a hydraulic cylinder.\nThe filter head has different sizes of exit and entry connections. These different sizes allow an impure liquid to enter and exit the filtered liquid. The filter is in the canister housing, and the filter head protects it from controlling the liquid flow.\nThis element is the most important component of the filter for waste removal. If dust accumulates in the filter, the bypass valve may be a pressure relief valve to open the hydraulic oil flow.\nHow do hydraulic filter systems work?\nNormally the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic system enters the hydraulic filter and is filtered and then pumped out of the hydraulic oil outlet port. However, due to the continuous action, the foreign particles entering the filter element combine to form a pressure difference between the input and outlet of the filter.\nWhen the bypass relief valve detects this pressure difference, it sends the fluid directly to the outlet, opens the valve and sends a signal to replace or clean the filter. Hydraulic fluid is the central section of the hydraulic system. Therefore, no system works without the proper amount of fluid volume.\nThe increasing use of hydraulic fluid systems increases the risk of hydraulic oil contamination. Leaks, rust, ventilation, holes, damaged seals and more can contaminate the hydraulic oil. The problems caused by contaminated hydraulic fluids fit into three categories: degenerative, temporary and catastrophic obstacles.\nDegenerative is a series of faults that slows down the regular operation of the hydraulic system.\nTemporary is an unexpected error that occurs at irregular intervals.\nA catastrophic obstacle is the complete end of the hydraulic system.\nAdd: Tiantan Road,Huling Industrial Zones, Jiyuan ,Henan ,China", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "January 12, 2023\nThe dam has four bypass tubes, also referred to as river outlet works (ROWs) that can draw water from Lake Powell around elevation 3,370 feet, bypassing the powerplant and sending the water downstream. To send water from the new intake to the city of Page, the bypass tube’s valve is closed, allowing the pipe to fill with water, creating enough head pressure to send the water through the connected piping leading to Page’s water treatment facility. (Photo/Bureau of Reclamation)\nStories this photo appears in:\nPAGE, Ariz. — Fulfilling their agreement to take care of the residents of Page, Bureau of Reclamation crews at Glen Canyon Dam recently completed a new water intake connection to accommodate the low water levels at Lake Powell.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Difference Between The Pneumatic Control Valve And Hydraulic Valve\nMay 7, 2015-America-Today, the famous China pneumatic control valve supplier vzoom.net will introduce with people the difference between the pneumatic valves and hydraulic valves.\nDifferent Energy supplying\nThe pneumatic components and devices can be adopted the power supply from the centralized compressor gas station and then people could control the working pressure of each valve depending on the different requirements. The hydraulic valves are all equipped with the returning line to facilitate the collection of used hydraulic oil. Pneumatic control valve can also directly exhaust the compressed air emissions to the atmosphere through the exhaust port.\nDifferent requirements for leaking situation\nHydraulic valve has stringent requirements for outward leakage but its requirement for the inside leakage is not very strictly and it could let a small amount of leakage. However, for the China control valve, the internal leakage could not be allowed as the internal pneumatic valve leakage has big risk of accidents.\nDifferent requirement for lubrication\nThe working medium of the hydraulic system is hydraulic oil so the hydraulic valve has no requirement for lubrication. The working medium for the pneumatic system is air which does not have the effect of lubrication so many pneumatic valves requires oil mist lubrication.\nDifferent pressure range\nThe operating pressure range of the pneumatic valve is lower than that of the hydraulic valves. The working pressure for the pneumatic valve is usually less than 10bar and few can reach within 40bar. On the other hand, people should know that the working pressure of the hydraulic valves is very high which usually less than 50Mpa. If the China pneumatic control valve is use in excess of the maximum allowable pressure, it will often cause into the serious accident.\nAbout Shanghai Datian Valve www.vzoom.net Shanghai Datian Valve is specialized in wide variety of pneumatic control valve and electric control valve for more than 15 years now. Our quality has features of High quality, stable performance, simple installation and convenient maintenance.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "You are here\nWater pumps are useful for draining water features, ponds and ditches. They can also be used for clearing domestic floods.\n- (-) Remove Water Pumps filter Water Pumps\nThe Hyundai HY100 is a professional petrol water pump fitted with a 4” inlet and outlet. Powered by a 389cc engine, the HY100 is capable of pumping 750 litres of water every minute.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "750W 1100W 2200W 4000W Swimming Pool Water Pump Spa Bath Pump\n||Port Size (inch/mm)\n- Silent operation\n- Can resist chemical in swimming pool\n- Pool motor with 48 frame\n- Overload protection\n- Huge pro-filter for less cleaning maintenance\n- Arrange drain device of water pump\n- Suitable for all types and sizes pools, in-ground spas\n1) Magnificent flow rate and lift, the core energy of water circulating, 2~3m suction lift\n2) Engineering plastic body, the pump can be effectively protected under bad weather,\nlong service life;\n3) Seiko manufacturing, low noise during the pump working time;\n4) Free-tool filter cover design, easy to maintenance;\n5) IP55 protection level, with None-leaky design;\n6) German technology IBC bearing, 100% copper wire motor, 24 hours running.\n7) Anti-rust cast-aluminum motor cover, fast heat dissipation; PPO plastic steel material\nimpeller, resist high temperature and corrosion\n8) Silicone sealing ring cover all watering section, enhance pump sealing system\n9) CE certificated, reliable and safety\nPump Use Precautions:\n1. If the pump has any small faults, remember not to let it work. If the filler of the pump shaft is worn out, it should be added in time. If the pump is used continuously, it will leak. The direct effect of this is that the motor consumes more energy and can damage the impeller.\n2. If the pump has a strong vibration during use, be sure to stop and check what is the cause, otherwise it will cause damage to the pump.\n3. When the bottom valve of the pump leaks, some people will fill it into the inlet pipe of the pump with dry soil and flush it to the bottom of the valve. This is not desirable. Because when the dry soil is put into the water inlet pipe, when the water pump starts to work, the dry soil will enter the pump, which will damage the water pump impeller and the bearing, which shortens the service life of the water pump. When the bottom valve leaks, it must be repaired. If it is serious, it needs to be replaced.\n4, the pump must pay attention to maintenance after use, for example, when the pump is used up, the water in the pump should be cleaned, it is best to remove the water pipe and then rinse with water.\n5, the tape on the pump should also be removed, then rinse with water and dry in the light, do not put the tape in a dark and humid place. The tape of the pump must not be stained with oil, and do not apply some sticky material to the tape.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Take control of your water consumption and enable significant water savings with the new INTEREL Water Management System. Bring shower, bathtub and basins online and revolutionize the plumbing design of guestrooms. Guaranteed guest usability with the intuitive award winning INTEREL UI design.\nGUESTROOM DIGITAL WATER CONTROLS\nThe system delivers precise digital water controls and enables the property or brand to set water flow and temperature policies.\nWATER MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION\nAbility to set water control set points leading to ROI and concrete water savings, while limiting the effect on guest experience.\nIoT & BIG DATA\nThe system delivers precise monitoring and creates usage and consumption statistics that help to optimize settings.\nSmart Water Valves\nModular unit that can be built with up to twelve valves\nEvery valve can control one water outlet\nOne modular unit can be used for multiple rooms\nValves can withstand water pressure up to 20 bar (normal hydraulic pressure is 3 bar)\nWater Control Interface\nGuest can control multiple water outlets through one touch panel\nLight and water parameters can be controlled at the same time if connected to the INTEREL GRMS\nMenu-less interface and navigation for high usability\nFunctions which are assigned to the icons can be customised or fine-tuned\nRevolutionizing the plumbing infrastructure\nUses 50% less piping\nFully configurable water flow and temperature settings at the property or room level", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Company Information Bahari Teknik\nBahari Engineering.Is a company engaged in the docking of hydraulic, suppliers of hydraulic, hydraulic machinery construction and maintenance / service of hydraulic.\nstanding from 2002, with over 12 years experience, we are experienced in the body of a hydraulic assembly, hydraulic assembly for industrial machine / company.\nIn addition, supported by experienced technicians, we also focus in the field of maintenance / service of hydraulic.Project We:\n- Sales of Hydraulic Components\n- Assembling the body of a particular hydraulic hydraulic body of wingbox, hydraulic body of a car carrier, loader hydraulic lifts, hydraulic lifts sky, hydraulic arm roll, box catering hydraulic, hydraulic tai...\nWe Sell : hydraulic car carier,Hydraulic karoseri,Maintenance Hydraulic,Hydraulic Industri,Komponen Hydraulic,Jasa Perakitan Hydraulic", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic Brake System Content\nThe major components of a vehicle's hydraulic brake system are the brake pedal, pushrod, master cylinder assembly, hydraulic brake lines, and the brake caliper assembly.\nThe purpose of the hydraulic brake lines is to carry brake fluid from the master cylinder to the brake caliper assembly.\nThe purpose of the brake pedal is to transfer the driver’s input requesting to slow the speed of a vehicle to a mechanical action by the entire hydraulic brake system.\nWhich of the following is NOT a major component of a vehicle's hydraulic brake system?\n- brake pedal\n- hydraulic brake lines\n- steering wheel\nWhich of the following describes the purpose of the hydraulic lines?\n- carry the windshield wiper fluid\n- carry the brake fluid from the master cylinder to the brake caliper assembly\n- carry the electrical current from the ignition to the starter\n- cpen the vehicle doors", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "What people are saying - Write a review\nWe haven't found any reviews in the usual places.\nBROAD SCOPE OF NAVIGATIONS ECONOMIC IMPACT\nCONSIDERATION OF TORSIONAL MOMENT IN DESIGN OF\nEQUILIBRIUM FLOW AREAS OF INLETS ON SANDY COASTS\n32 other sections not shown\nOther editions - View all\nacceleration American Society amplitude approximately ASCE average barge beach berth bottom breaker position breaking breakwater cable capacity channel Civil Engineers Coastal Engineering coefficient computed cosh cost crest culvert curve deep water distance distribution drag coefficient dredge economic effect equation experimental experiments explosion factor floating breakwater force function gage Harbors Division head loss horizontal hydraulic incident wave Inlet Journal laboratory Lake Lake Michigan-Huron length lock maximum measured mooring obtained operation paper parameter particle pipeline port pressure Proc range ratio Rayleigh distribution refraction ripple tank River San Pedro Bay scale ratio shallow water ship shown in Fig sills slope Society of Civil solitary wave standing waves structure sub-system tank tanker temperature Tennessee River tests tion transportation U.S. Army underwater underwater explosion values valve velocity vertical water depth water surface water waves Waterways and Harbors wave period writer", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The Water Flow Sensor consists of a plastic valve body, a water rotor and a Hall Effect Sensor. When the water flows through the rotor, rotor rolls and the speed of it changes with a different rate of flow. The hall-effect sensor outputs the corresponding pulse signal.\nThis type of sensor can be found on different diameters, water pressure (MPa) and flow rate (L/m) ranges. Make sure to select one that will cover your needs. The sensor that I have it has 20mm diameter, <1.75Mpa water pressure and ~30 L/m flow rate range.\nA Water Flow Meter Sensor is a device that measures the amount of water flowing through a pipe. There are several water flow meter technologies to choose from depending on the water measurement application, maintenance requirements, and budgetary terms. Each of these types of water flow meters has a unique principle of operation, specific application benefits, and overall cost-of-ownership. The question is: What water flow meter should you choose for your water flow measurement application? There are four primary types of water flow meters: mechanical water flow meters, vortex volumetric flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters or magnetic flow meters.\nПрисоединяйтесь к нашему списку и будьте первым, кто узнает о новых продуктах, преференциях, продажах и так далее!", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Repair when Not in Use\nPrevent flooding - Ensure proper adjustment\nThis article will explain the importance of both the flush valve and fill valve, along with a diagram showing the placement and height requirements needed to build a safe toilet.\nThe Importance of the Flush Valve\nThe most important safety feature in a toilet is the flush valve overflow pipe.\n- The overflow pipe is critical because it is a defense against water exiting the toilet tank.\n- Plumbing codes require toilets to be equipped with overflow protection of sufficient size to prevent tank flooding at the maximum rate at which the tank is supplied with water under normal operating conditions.\n- In the event the toilet fill valve does not completely shut off at the end of a flush cycle, the overflow pipe is designed to transfer the water from the toilet tank to the toilet bowl and out the drain line.\n- Preventing water from exiting the tank can beachieved through proper height adjustment of the overflow pipe.\n- Fluidmaster instructs setting the height of the overflow pipe at least 1 inch below the opening of the tank lever.\n- In most applications it will be necessary to cut the overflow pipe to achieve a proper fit.\nThe Importance of the Fill Valve\n- Proper height of the fill valve in relation to the overflow pipe will ensure the toilet cannot siphon water from the tank back into the water supply.\n- Proper fill valve height also allows for proper water level in the tank and bowl.\n- Critical Level Mark (Indicated with the letters CL on the fill valve) of the fill valve must be 1 inch above the top of the overflow pipe.\n- When the fill valve height is set correctly it is possible for the top of the valve to be positioned above the rim of the tank.\n- This is normal in most applications and will still allow the tank lid to fit properly on the toilet tank.\nPlacement and Height Requirements Needed for a Safe Toilet\nTo download our free guide to fix common toilet problems please click here: Fluidmaster Toilet Repair Guide", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Irrigation control valve has two types: DC solenoid valve and pulse solenoid valve, which can realize circuit control and manual control. It can be used with water and fertilizer integrated machine and irrigation controller to realize water and fertilizer integrated automatic irrigation. Irrigation solenoid valve switches smoothly and effectively prevents water hammer.\nIrrigation control valve Features\n(1)The opening and closing are stable, effectively preventing water hammer, low power electromagnetic coil, large working pressure range, large flow rate, small head loss, stable opening and closing, effectively preventing water hammer and protecting pipeline.\n(2)The plane design of the joint of pipe fittings can make the rubber waterproof washer play a role and avoid the problem of water leakage due to improper winding of raw material belt.\n(3)The solenoid valve is made of 4.7MM PEDM synthetic rubber diaphragm, PA66 reinforced nylon valve body, pressure resistant, sun proof and frost resistant\nIrrigation control valve Parameters\n|Reinforced nylon (PA66)\n|Three yuan Z propylene rubber (EPDM)\n|Pulse valve: DC12-40V\nDC valve: DC12V\nHow to use Irrigation control valve ？\nWhen the irrigation solenoid valve is powered on, the valve stem is lifted by the electromagnetic force, and the pilot valve port is opened. At this time, the upper chamber of the solenoid valve relieves the pressure through the pilot hole, forming a high and low pressure difference around the main valve core. Under the effect of the pressure difference, the fluid pressure pushes the main valve core upward to open the main valve port; when the power is off, under the effect of the spring force and the gravity of the main valve core, the valve stem is reset, the pilot hole is closed, and the main valve core moves downward, The main valve port is closed; the pressure in the upper chamber of the solenoid valve increases, and the fluid pressure pressurizes the main valve core, so the sealing is better.\n(1) DC solenoid valve\nWhen the valve is powered on, the electromagnetic force is generated by the electromagnetic coil to lift the closing part from the valve seat, and the valve opens; when the valve is powered off, the electromagnetic force disappears, and the spring presses the closing part on the valve seat, and the valve closes. The power-off valve automatically closes, effectively avoiding the waste of water resources and excessive irrigation.\n(2) Pulse solenoid valve\nWhen receiving the positive pulse signal, the solenoid moves the closing part to a (BC connected), and the valve remains open; when receiving the negative pulse signal, the solenoid moves the closing part to C (AB connected), and the valve remains closed.When only sending pulse signal, a small amount of power consumption and low power consumption are more secure.\nIrrigation solenoid valve is suitable for agricultural field, greenhouse, water-saving irrigation, landscaping, breeding, seedling, fertilization, environmental protection equipment, water reuse, water supply, gardening, circulating water and other liquid media.\n1.How many acres of land can a device control? How many solenoid valves can an irrigation controller match?\nThe controller has nothing to do with the area, the irrigation area depends on the size of the pump; One irrigation controller is used with two solenoid valves.\n2. Is this kind of solenoid valve expensive?\nWe are a pioneer in the field of intelligent irrigation, focusing on technology research and development, equipment manufacturing and application promotion of agricultural Internet of Things system engineering. We have a professional sales manager according to your needs, detailed quotation.\n3. How long is the warranty period for the equipment?\nEquipment is usually guaranteed for one year. Users can also apply to return the equipment to the factory for maintenance after the warranty period ends. The user pays for the repairs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Plast-O-Matic Valves, Inc. Datasheets for Electrohydraulic Valve Actuators and Hydraulic Valve Actuators\nElectrohydraulic valve actuators and hydraulic valve actuators convert fluid pressure supply pressure into motion.\nElectrohydraulic Valve Actuators and Hydraulic Valve Actuators: Learn more\n|Designed for True Blue thermoplastic ball valves 1 1/4\" through 4\"...uses air or hydraulic power. Materials of construction: The standard air actuator housing is constructed of corrosion resistant glass filled...|", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The parameters of Zhongying's direct-connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment\nPower range: 1.8-3000kW\nPower supply voltage: 380/400/415/440/460/480 / 500VAC 3 phases ± 10%;\nPower frequency: 35-50Hz\nControl connection: 2 programmable analog inputs (AI); 1 programmable analog output (AO); 5 programmable digital inputs (DI); 2 programmable digital outputs (DO).\nContinuous load capacity: 150% In, 1 minute allowed every 10 minutes\nSerial communication capability: The standard RS-485 interface enables the inverter to be easily connected to a computer.\nProtection features: overcurrent protection, I2t, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overheating protection, short circuit protection, grounding protection, undervoltage buffering, motor under / overload protection, stall protection, serial communication fault protection, AI signal loss protection Wait. Parameter setting of Zhongying direct-connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment Working principle of direct-connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment\nWorking principle of direct-connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment\nThe direct-connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment inlet pipe is directly connected to the water pipe network. The water source flows into the equipment inlet pipe under the pressure of the water pipe network pressure and then flows into the non-negative pressure tank, which cleans the negative pressure. Then, the pressurized water pump of the equipment continues to pressurize on the basis of the water inlet pressure, and the water supply pressure is increased to the pressure required by the user, and then the water is supplied to the outlet pipe network; that is, the water is supplied to the user.\n1. When the pressure of the tap water is lower than the set pressure required by the user, the control system will automatically control the inverter's frequency conversion soft start operation until the actual working pressure of the user's pipe network is equal to the set pressure. Speed running, the higher the pressure of the tap water, the lower the speed of the variable frequency pump, the lower the pressure of the tap water, the higher the speed of the variable frequency pump. When the pressure of the tap water is equal to the set pressure, the variable frequency pump will delay sleep, that is, Make full use of the original pressure of the tap water to ensure the constant pressure required by the user. When the pressure drops to the awake value, the pump automatically wakes up.\n2. The water inlet of the variable frequency pump is connected to a stainless steel steady flow compensator. The microcomputer detects the pressure of the steady flow compensator at all times. Through the water inlet pressure detection and the vacuum automatic suppressor, it is ensured that no negative pressure is generated in the voltage stabilizer compensator, thereby ensuring tap water. The normal water supply of the pipe network.\n3. The tap water stops, the equipment automatically stops, the tap water starts automatically, and the power supply restores the normal pressure water supply of the tap water.\n4. When the instantaneous negative pressure is generated, all the industrial frequency pumps are stopped first, and then the inverter is decelerated by delaying frequency conversion without stopping, which can ensure the user's water consumption and alleviate the negative pressure situation.\nAdvantages of direct connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment:\n1.No need to build high-level water tanks and pool water tanks-clean, sanitary, efficient, energy-saving, and cost-saving\nZhongying series of direct-connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment is economical and hygienic, making full use of the pressure potential energy of municipal water sources, and maximizing the energy saving effect of frequency conversion speed regulation. Practice has proved that the use of direct-connected non-negative pressure water supply equipment can save more than 50% of the cost of building a pool, compared with other water supply equipment, can save 20% -60% of electricity.\n2.Low running noise\nZhongying series of directly connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment uses variable frequency speed control, especially the full frequency control system, most of the time, especially at low speed and low noise operating conditions.\n3. Clean and sanitary without pollution\nZhongying series of directly connected pipe network superimposed high-rise pressurized water supply equipment uses a fully enclosed diaphragm tank with both buffering and dynamic compensation functions, which is more practical than the ordinary non-negative pressure water supply equipment on the market. And simplify the control system.\n4, advanced products, reliable quality, high degree of standardization, good versatility\nThe win-win series of directly connected pipe network superimposed high-rise booster water supply equipment adopts a standardized and universal control system technology solution. Key components in the product, such as: motors, pump bearings, inverters, regulators, PLCs, and other components are used. With international and domestic famous brands, it is easy to debug and maintain.\n5, full-featured, high degree of intelligence, strong adaptability\nZhongying series directly connected pipe network superimposed high-rise supercharged water supply equipment uses advanced frequency conversion control technology, soft start, overload, short circuit, overvoltage, undervoltage, phase loss, overheating and stall protection functions. Under abnormal conditions, it can perform signal alarm, self-test, fault judgment, etc. It can also automatically adjust the water supply flow according to the level of water consumption. When the inverter fails, it will be automatically degraded (becoming a power-frequency automatic water supply equipment). When the automatic system fails, you can also manually operate the emergency backup to win maintenance time.\n6, personalized design, long life\nIf the user needs, the equipment and installation form can be designed to meet the parameters of the user. Various communication interfaces and protocols can be selected according to requirements, so that various human-machine interfaces, monitoring computers can be connected, and various control networks and communication networks can be connected. It is suitable for special and complex operation control and networking monitoring requirements. Can develop supporting monitoring software for users.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "The following happens as the pump crankshaft makes one complete revolution: As the piston or plunger moves away from the pumping chamber (i.e. suction stroke), the liquid within the pumping chamber expands and the chamber pressure falls. The swept volume of the pumping chamber increases as the pistons move on the suction stroke. Maximum acceleration of the piston occurs at the beginning of the suction stroke. Drilling mud is relatively incompressible and very little movement of the slurry is required to achieve a pressure drop.\nWhen the pumping chamber pressure drops below the suction pressure, this differential pressure (suction pressure minus pumping chamber pressure) begins to push the suction valve open. This occurs when the slurry is moving slowly so the valve opens gradually and smoothly as the velocity of the slurry increases. This increase in velocity is caused by the liquid leaving the larger suction manifold and passing through the throat of the smaller suction valve. Liquid flows through the valve assembly and should be in contact with the face of the piston. As the piston decelerates near the end of the suction stroke, the suction valve slowly returns to its seat. As the piston stops, the suction valve closes.\nThe piston then reverses and starts on the discharge stroke. As the piston starts forward, the swept volume of the pumping chamber decreases and the piston is at its maximum speed. The liquid trapped in the pumping chamber is compressed until chamber pressure exceeds the discharge pressure by an amount sufficient to begin to push the discharge valve away from its seat. The discharge valve is pushed higher as the velocity of the piston increases. Midway through the discharge stroke, the piston begins to slow. As the piston decelerates, the discharge valve begins to close. At the end of the discharge stroke, the valve should be resting on its seat.\nWith the above in mind, I have been asked if there is a formula to calculate volumetric efficiency in general. The short answer is no.\nOne must take into consideration the suction line length, size, bends-valves or strainers, the viscosity of the liquid, the size of the valve openings, stroke of the pump, size of the piston, inlet pressure at the suction manifold, speed of the pump, entrained gas in the liquid, elevation of the location and there are numerous other items that could be thrown in the pot.\nThere is no universal way to calculate volumetric efficiency unless all the factors are known. The net positive suction head required for a pump will increase or decrease as variables are thrown into the mix. However, one can usually see, hear and feel when a pump is running erratically enough to no longer be efficient at a given rpm.\nWhen this happens, slow the pump to a speed where it becomes smooth to operate. This speed may not be desirable due to the decrease in gallons per minute, but it is all that the pump is going to do under the particular set of circumstances that it has to work with at the time. Continued operation of a pump, when evident that something is wrong, will only add to the overall maintenance cost of the pump.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Breakdown by sub-sectors\nNearly half of the ODA committed to the water sector in 2003-2004 benefited to large water supply and sanitation systems. Water resources policy/administrative management accounted for another quarter, and basic drinking water supply and basic sanitation received 20%. Waste management or water resources protection, only received small amounts.\nAccording to the 2006 Human Development Report, this predominance of large-scale water and sanitation infrastructure indicates a strong urban focus of aid flows to the water sector.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "TEV4V Four-Way Mixing Valve Training Unit\nThe Four-Way Mixing Valve Training Unit \"TEV4V\" allows to demonstrate the function of a four-way mixing valve in a hot water heating system.\nThe Four-Way Mixing Valve Training Unit, \"TEV4V\", allows to demonstrate the function of a four-way mixing valve in a hot water heating system. The four-way mixing valve in the heating system regulates the circulation and feed flow temperatures of the water flowing in the heating system and the boiler return flow temperature.\nThe unit includes a four-way mixing valve, a boiler water circuit, a return heating system water circuit, a circulating pump, several thermometers and flowmeters.\nThe boiler water line (hot water) and the return heating system water line (cold water) includes several bimetallic thermometers and flowmeters to visualize the water temperature and flow in the inlets and outlets of the four-way mixing valve.\nA pump circulates the mixture water of the heating system circuit. The differential pressure across the system is limited using a differential pressure relief valve.\nSeveral bleed valves (air vents) remove the air from water and are situated in different points of the circuits.\nExercises and guided practices\nGUIDED PRACTICAL EXERCISES INCLUDED IN THE MANUAL\n- Study of the function and operation of a four-way mixing valve.\n- Study of the function and operation of a differential pressure relief valve.\n- Study of the effect of mixing ratio on feed and circulating flow temperature.\n- Study of the effect of mixer setting on the flow rate.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Mainly used in industrial and civil construction, railway and bridge foundation construction. The hydraulic system adopts load-sensitive system and pilot control circuit to achieve the best matching under various working conditions. Hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors, reducers, and various hydraulic valves All international brand products are adopted to achieve high system reliability. The parallelogram luffing mechanism ensures accurate positioning of the drilling tool. The mature electronic control system can realize automatic sag adjustment and hole depth monitoring, as well as real-time monitoring of the whole machine. The crawler telescopic special chassis has high power, low center of gravity, and good stability of the drilling rig.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Views: 0 Author: katreenipump Publish Time: 2023-04-07 Origin: Site\nShock absorption measures for axial flow pump units\n1. Adjust the operating conditions of vertical axial flow pumps by changing the angle, adjusting the speed, or bypass valve to reduce\nthe necessary NPSH of the axial flow pump, bypass the cavitation operating point.\n2. Take effective drainage, waterproofing,and fire prevention measures to improve the water inflow status.\n3. It can be considered to introduce pressurized water from the pump outlet (or flow channel) into the inlet (or flow channel),\nor to install additional pressurized water pump equipment,\nusing a nozzle as a circular on-off valve to increase the working pressure at the pump inlet, in order to eliminate or reduce cavitation and vibration.\nOne nozzle can be used for small pumps, and several nozzles can be used for large pumps.\nThe length of the mixing section, the position of the nozzle, and the total flow rate of the nozzle should be effectively\ndetermined based on the working pressure of the guide groove, the increase in nozzle volume, the flow rate of nozzle water,\nthe ratio of mainstream products, and the number of nozzles.\n4. Supplying (0.4-1%) steam at the inlet of a vertical axial flow pump (calculated by volume flow rate)\ncan greatly reduce the cavitation compressive strength of the vertical axial flow pump, significantly weakening corrosion, noise, and vibration. T\nhe actual method and location of supplementing qi and blood should be determined based on the different cavitation conditions and work experience of related projects.\n5. Under the premise of standards, it can be considered to set a guide wheel in front of the main centrifugal impeller of the axial flow pump.\nOn the one hand, it can rectify, and on the other hand, it can make the inlet of the centrifugal impeller exhibit kinetic energy,\nthereby improving its cavitation characteristics and eliminating or reducing cavitation vibration.\nADD: NO.189 HENGSHI ROAD, HENGFENG INDUSTRY AREA, WENLING, TAIZHOU, ZHEJIANG PROVINCE,CHINA.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "This document provides guidance for specifying, designing, and constructing elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks. Elevated tanks are used by municipalities and industry for potable water supply and fire protection. Commonly built sizes of elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks range from500,000 to 3,000,000 gal. (1900 to 11,000 m3). Concrete pedestal heights range from 25 to 200 ft (8 to 60 m),depending on water system requirements and site elevation. The interior of the concrete pedestal may be used for material and equipment storage, office space, and other applications.\nThis document covers the design and construction of elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks. Topics include materials, construction requirements, determination of structural loads, design of concrete elements including foundations, design of concrete or steel tank components, geotechnical requirements, appurtenances, and accessories. Materials, design, fabrication, and construction of the steel vessel of composite steel-concrete tanks are addressed by applicable sections of AWWA D100.Designs, details, and methods of construction are presented for the types of elevated concrete and composite steel-concrete water storage tanks shown in Fig. 1.1 and 1.2\nDrawings and specifications—Construction documents should show all features of the work, including the size and position of structural components and reinforcement, structural details, specified concrete compressive strength, and the strength or grade of reinforcement and structural steel. The codes and standards to which the design conforms, the tank capacity, and the design basis or loads used in design should also be shown.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Reliability design of maritime structures based on the deformation level will be one of the most important future design tools. However, it has not been fully applied to actual design since it is very difficult to take the various design condition into account. The present paper points out on the basis of the experimental results, the influences of the state of wave-dissipating blocks on the wave pressures at several cross sections of a breakwater, and the stochastic characteristics of obtained data was examined. 1) The covering condition of wave-dissipating blocks makes a significant influence of the wave pressure acting on the block layer. 2) When the impulsive wave breaking is generated, wave pressure p1 on the still water level becomes proportional to the square of the wave height. Then the numerical wave flume (CADMAS-SURF/2D) was applied for the covering state of wave-dissipating blocks.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Solutions for Chapter 17 Problem 26P\nProblem 26P: A concrete gravity dam 25 ft high is used to create a lake i...\nA concrete gravity dam 25 ft high is used to create a lake in an area where a small river flows. The dam will also function as a spillway, and the design height for the water behind the dam can be assumed level with the crest. The dam has a cross-sectional shape similar to that shown in Illustration 17-5. with the top width equal to 4 ft and the bottom width equal to 22 ft. The downstream face slopes uniformly to intersect the indicated base dimension. The dam is situated on a rock foundation, with the downstream water level considered to be at the rock surface. Applying a 5-kip-per-lineal-foot ice loading at the crest of the dam and using p equal to 0.75, determine.\n(a) the factor of safety against overturning\n(b) the factor of safety against sliding\n(c) the location of the resultant passing through the base.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "عنوان مقاله [English]\nWater pumping stations usually use fixed speed pumps that have a good efficiency over a small range of pressure and flows. If different flows and pressures are required, unsuitable pump speeds will yield excessive energy losses. This imposes additional costs, especially on pressurized irrigation systems, which are constantly changing their irrigation needs, sometimes monthly. In pressurized water distribution systems, a constant speed pump is often used because of its simplicity. However, constant speed pipes are not easily able to deal with changing demands in water flows. When the demand for the discharge differs from the design discharge, the required demand (discharge and head) could be met by changing the pump speed without making any special changes in the system. Using an electronic drive circuit, the electrical frequency can be changed and the rotation speed of the pump motor can thus be modified. In this study, the application of variable speed pumps in pressurized irrigation systems is investigated. Two pumping station scenarios including a fixed speed pump and a variable speed pump are considered. The results show that using a variable speed pump increases the average pump efficiency by 18.7%. In addition, the variable speed pump system reduces the electrical consumption 57.6 % compared to a fixed speed pump. Therefore, the use of variable speed pumps in pressurized systems is recommended.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "A Liquid-Ring Vacuum Pump china liquid ring vacuum pump is simple to operate and is used in several applications across various industries. A liquid ring pump works together with a sealant necessary in its operation. This liquid could be water, oil or any various other solvent which is usually rotated by an impeller within the casing of the pump.\nAs the shaft turns, a liquid band is created by the centrifugal force generated by the rotating impeller. This pressure holds the liquid ring against the inner wall of the pumping chamber. Because the impeller is situated eccentric to the pumping chamber, the depth of entry of the blades into the liquid ring decreases and boosts as the impeller rotates. This creates increasing cell quantity on the inlet slot side, creating vacuum.\nOn the discharge slot side, the impeller cell volume decreases as the blades move further into the liquid ring. This escalates the pressure until discharge occurs through the discharge slot.\nA continuous flow of fresh sealing liquid is supplied to the pump via the sealing-liquid inlet.\nIn the case of the two-stage liquid ring pump, the discharge from the initial stage does not discharge to atmosphere. Instead, the 1st stage discharges through the manifold resulting in the second stage in addition to through a discharge port located in the intermediate plate between the first- and second-stage impellers.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "ECY Haulmark offer a range of hydraulic accessories from Dynaset for sale throughout the UK.\nWe are appointed distributors for Dynaset Hydraulic Products.\nDynaset technology increases the productivity of mobile machinery from small vehicles to heavy machines. The company has experience of all hydraulic systems and expertise of integration with different machine brands. Dynaset technology is based on utilising a machine's hydraulic system as the power source. The hydraulic equipment operates without secondary engines, scheduled maintenance and emissions, making Dynaset also the most ecological choice.\nDynaset hydraulic equipment converts a mobile machine's hydraulic power into electricity, high pressure water, compressed air, magnet and vibration. The Dynaset products are used for hundreds of applications in various industries all around the world.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "New water main to reduce discoloured water in Coolamon\nPublished on 03 May 2018\nAround 130 metres of new water main has been installed in Coolamon in response to discoloured water reports in the area.\nThe new water main installed along Kingdon Drive, Coolamon will see the previous water main no longer used.\nGoldenfields Water staff are now renewing all house service lines, which connect the water main to a property’s water meter. Historically these lines were made of galvanised materials which cause discoloured water once aged.\nGoldenfields Water General Manager Darryl Hancock said the new water main and renewal of house service lines will directly benefit customers in Kingdon Drive.\n‘Works currently undertaken will help reduce discoloured water,’ Mr Hancock said.\n‘While these works are important in reducing discoloured water, homeowners should consider replacing any galvanised pipes on their property to prevent discoloured water.\n‘By keeping water moving through their pipes, customers can also reduce discoloured water caused by potential mineral build-up.’\nThe new water main is a 63mm pipe compared to the previous 100mm pipe. The smaller pipe size will reduce the volume of water held in the pipes.\n‘The reduction in water volume will increase the flow of water in the pipes, which removes mineral build-up and prevents discoloured water,’ Mr Hanock said.\n‘The smaller pipe size will also help reduce manual flushing requirements and water loss.’\nAs part of the project’s investigation phase, Goldenfields Water staff found discoloured water in Kingdon Drive was due to mineral build-up caused by a number of factors including:\n- A low number of houses connected to the water main which reduces the movement of water in pipes\n- A ‘dead-end’ water main (the end of a water main which does not allow the circulation of water flow\n- House service lines using galvanised materials.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Wide Range Proportioner Model VNR\nThe wide range proportioner accurately proportions foam concentrate into a water stream over a wide range of system flow rates and is configured to proportion foam concentrate at a 3% ratio. Wide range proportioners are an integral part of an approved foam system. In addition to the wide range proportioner, the main components of the approved foam system are specific foam concentrate(s), a foam storage tank, a concentrate control valve and foam discharge devices.\nThe discharge devices most commonly used are closed head sprinklers but nozzles, monitors, grate nozzles, foam makers and foam chambers can also be used. The system must be designed so that the wide range proportioner can accurately proportion foam over the range of flow rates expected during the system operation.\nIntended for use primarily in wet pipe and preaction type systems, the wide range proportioner has the capability to accurately proportion foam concentrate into the water supply at low flow rates as required when only a small quantity of sprinkler heads have activated.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Hydraulic Scissor Lift Table\nA hydraulic scissor lift table is a type of scissor lift table that uses hydraulic cylinders to power the lifting mechanism. Hydraulic scissor lift tables are often preferred over other types of scissor lifts because they can lift heavy loads to greater heights with less effort and more precision.\nIn a hydraulic scissor lift table, a hydraulic cylinder is mounted between the base of the lift and the bottom of the scissor arms. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to a pump that is activated by a foot pedal or lever. When the foot pedal or lever is pressed, hydraulic fluid is pumped into the cylinder, causing the piston inside to rise and extend the scissor arms upward. This action lifts the platform to the desired height. To lower the platform, the pedal or lever is released, and the hydraulic fluid is released back into the reservoir, allowing the platform to descend.\nHydraulic scissor lift tables are commonly used in applications where heavy loads need to be lifted to higher elevations, such as in manufacturing, warehousing, and construction. They can also be used in automotive repair shops, to lift cars and trucks for maintenance and repairs.", "label": "Yes"}
{"text": "Do you want to rent a hot water unit? Rent your hot water units for industrial cleaning at AQ-Rent! A hot water unit, also known as a hot water high pressure cleaner, is a compact installation for heating up water to 95°C. A hot water unit can be expanded with a high pressure pump. This combination makes a hot water unit suitable for industrial cleaning work. Think of our high pressure hot water trailer, for example. View all hot water units for rental here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Shower power booster - boost water pressure flow , You can buy your shower power booster direct from the manufacturer on this web site. we will beat any advertised price with customer service second to none.. A guide high pressure shower head, Good water pressure is the be all and end all to making a really great shower. you could have the biggest, nicest, stone marble and custom designed shower. 4 ways troubleshoot water pressure - wikihow, How to troubleshoot low water pressure. it is a legitimate concern when you notice low water pressure in your home or office. low water pressure.\nHow improve water pressure shower?, A disappointing shower start day. luckily, quick fix pump water pressure shower. diy mavens stack. Why shower water pressure? - ecocamel, In cases water pressure shower heads affects plumbing fixtures turn time, garden. How increase water pressure house | family handyman, Do water pressure pipes ? show increase water pressure..", "label": "No"}
{"text": "backyard wood chipper craftsman wood chipper craftsman chipper shredder in the backyard craftsman wood chipper.\nwhat is broiler pan broiler pan.\nelectrolux convection oven wave self clean convection wall oven and microwave combination.\ndrainage yard standing water stream renovation project a water garden pathway home improvement stores columbus ohio home improvement loans for bad credit.\nporcelain tile grades porcelain vs ceramic tile which one is better home remodeling contractors design build porcelain tile grade 5 porcelain tile grade 1.\nrubbermaid garage shelving kit garage organizer garage shelving overhead storage kits garage storage system tool hanging kit.\nwater pump flow irrigation big flow high head water pump pump seal water flow meter water pump flow capacity.\ntwin cities siding professionals when to consider a new roof.\ndouble chaise lounge double chaise lounge double chaise lounge cushions double chaise lounge indoor.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is flow\nWord family flow\nflow out flow out flow flow in flow through flow in flow in flow in flow in flow back flow flow together liquefy\n* flow *\nThe beer flows freely. There is a stream flowing there. The tears are flowing.\nThe donations flow in abundance. The hair flows over her shoulder.\nThe traffic flows to some extent here.\n* flow away *\nThe flood has almost drained away. After the soccer game, the car electricity flowed very slowly from the parking lots.\nThe funds made available have not yet flowed out.\n* flow out, flow out *\nOil leaked out due to a defective seal.\nOil has flowed out here.\nThe additional addition / her- / is not relevant here, in contrast to / spend money / and / give change /.\n* flow along, duflow, flow throughieeat *\nThe Mississippi flowed slowly. Where a body of water flows through, the fields can be irrigated. The torrent flows through a narrow point here.\n* flow in, flow in, flow in *\nAmerican research results have flowed into his work.\nHe let it be known that he was interested in acquiring the property.\nWater has flowed into the cellar. Cold air flowed in from the northeast\n* flow *\nThe attraction of this way of painting lies in the fact that the colors flow into one another. It is important to the editor-in-chief that the boundaries between report and personal statement do not blur.\nDecades have passed since our Abitur.\n* flow in, flow back, flow together *\nClean spring water flows into the ponds.\nThe donations went to Africa Aid.\nSome of the funds for development aid flow back into the Federal Republic. Pegnitz and Rednitz flow together near Fürth.\n* liquefy *\nLiquefy natural gas\nRiver river bed river bend river gravel river course river regulation river sand river navigation river valley river crossing river bank\nOutflow blood flow data flow influence flow of thoughts cash flow border flow capital flow material flow tributary flow flow of speech backflow excess flow traffic flow inflow\na shallow river, a stony river bed, the development is still in the river, a small river meanders through the meadows, behind a bend in the river is a bridge, river gravel can be removed, the course of the river is lined with alder trees, river regulation should avoid flooding, dredging the river sand, river navigation is declining, the river valley narrows here, a dangerous river crossing that fortifies the river bank;\na clogged drain, improve blood flow with medication, document the flow of data; his influence on the government waning, without properly waking up, his flow of thoughts began again;\nThe flow of money abroad is difficult to track, smugglers cross the border river in rubber boats, the flow of capital can only be controlled with difficulty by the state, the assembly line ensures a fast flow of materials, the tributary carries just as much water,\nhis flow of speech cannot be stopped, the return flow of payments to the parent company has been veiled, there is an abundance, the flow of traffic can even be increased by speed restrictions, water-rich tributaries.\nConveyor belt flow rate flowing water\nFluid tear fluid fluid reservoir fluid loss\nLiquid fertilizer liquid gas\nadjectives and adverbs\nliquid thin viscous superfluous flowing flowed down river upstream\nliquid metal, liquid formulate; I am not fluent at the moment, but will pay next week; Thin paint, viscous oil, superfluous material, superfluous know-it-all, thread yourself into the flow of traffic, speak a foreign language fluently, a smooth transition to the new management,\na bygone lover, drifting downriver, paddling upriver\n- What are the most trusted watch brands\n- Why aren't all smart people wealthy?\n- What are the health benefits of anthocyanins\n- Wine causes constipation\n- When does the speed of light end?\n- Lithium-ion batteries cause cancer\n- Is cannabis safe with antipsychotics\n- Is whole wheat maida\n- Which motors are used in household appliances\n- Is raw food really safe to consume\n- How do you solder electronic components\n- How did God create the universe\n- Which algorithm does the Quora Digest use\n- Are WhatsApp video calls safe 3\n- Why do people not like traditional Chinese culture\n- Is the random selection of random numbers more random\n- Which country has the most diverse culture\n- How do you rate a consulting company\n- How does room vacuum smell\n- What's your best, I knew right now\n- Why do people call Einstein Swiss\n- How did you deal with your health\n- What is EQ and IQ\n- Why do I like to get hurt?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assumenda.\n| | | | after a set | Sitemap | to | Find | Shipping | to ||| in it | to | to you | | | | the old! | |\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit.\n- | Customize | So | | | | the root of heart | | | | did you two | Hours | Volume | Reset | Oh | Oh | Oh | Oh | Oh |\n| | and | all | | | | variable a variable | A ||||!\" monkey | | | | head shake | that | |\n| | | | WHAT?? | | | | are we supposed not to see old | | | Head Zhao | to you | | | | |!\" Huang | Hair | Open | Open | Old | Cho | First | to | Shipping | to | Do | | | | | | the heart to eat | CASES | to |.\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident\nMinim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat tarad limino ata\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque\nEt harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi\nCall To Action\nNot | | | | | | Fu Road, on the night | | | | | sewing cotton | Category | ||| of the anti-| | | | | this is not less | was | to | | cover | Rooms | | | |||\" in | | | Road to say |Call To Action\nFrequently Asked Questions\nNon consectetur a erat nam at lectus urna duis?\n| Customize | So | | | there is a Fu | | | | | not to be | | | | you don't have | who | | A | Direct | A |||| in also not | | | | who.\nFeugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque?\n| | big wei day | | of the | | dragon statue as if | | | to | | hidden all as if | | | | Buddha beep | b | |\nDolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi?\n| | him little | | knife from poor not ever see | | | | | | | it? | | | | grid adjustable | of the | people | and | | to | | | from sleep to hear words | | | | | turn | money while ask | | : | \"| | | how you will know | | | | | it shut | | more | in the | I | of the | |? | there | | | | | how you know | | the | | people | | to | | | I kill? | | you are born life is | | | to | | | to | | not ab | | | know first? | |\"\nAc odio tempor orci dapibus. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla?\nSighing week | | the | | the | | | forget er negative | | | righteousness will count | | | | how yao | | | | | not evil goodness also points | |? Left | | | | to | to | just kill you | | | | the |? | |\"\nTempus quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat?\nSaid although | | | | is hall sister brother | | | | | but | | graduate unexpectedly brother long | | | | | father, What | more | | | condition father after | | | | to | affinity\nTortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Varius vel pharetra vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor?\nFall sound words | | | the | | | | | room door fruit | but | zhi o | | a | | is | | | | him war | |.\n| god's | the | | | now out of the secret people | | | | | meaning is outside the | | xi | | no | | | zhou dynasty still heart | | in the | | | | | but Cain\nWalter WhiteChief Executive Officer\nSarah JhinsonProduct Manager\nBitter smile | | : week | | the | | \"| | I still didn't | | the | yao old | | |! | to | | to | v | which old | 2 | | | to | on bamboo bars | | | | to | he | | f | | | | I find! | |\"\n| t | fu | | I don't want to | | | |! | the | sesame | | never be line | | the | | to | |\n| silly son | | | child with | | | | out of breath | | you big long | | | | | | in the | | not is | | you home | | | | | always you have is a day | | | | | to | | to | |\".\n| silly son | | | child with | | | | out of breath | | you big long | | | | | | in the | | not is | | you home | | | | | always you have is a day | | | | | to | | to | |\"\nA108 Adam Street\nNew York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Power over Ethernet (WPOEPA) Adapter with power adapter,\nThe Power Over Ethernet switch design for our HWABN25, HOD45B, HOWABN1 and HOW2R1 Out door devices.\n• Transmits both data and power via a standard RJ-45 Ethernet cable\n• Delivers DC power and data to HOWABN1 or HOW2R1.\n• Delivers power over up to 100 ft\n• Short-circuit protection\nPower adapter included.\n1) One WPOE POE power projecter.\n2) One POA 48V 0.4 A power Adapter.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "lowes water heater install cost.\nmodine 50000 btu heater patio oroville california patio meaning.\nbrown patio umbrella brown patio umbrella stand brown patio umbrella base with hidden wheels.\ncost to install paver patio cost to install paver patio yourself labor cost for brick paver patio.\npavers on concrete driveway concrete vs pavers driveway cost permeable pavers driveway cost vs concrete.\nraindrip automatic drip watering patio kit patio design plans patio zahraa for sale.\nconcrete pavers san diego large concrete pavers san diego.\nsmall hot water heater lowes.\nsmall capacity water heater small capacity tankless water heater small capacity hot water heaters.\nrinnai ventless heater rinnai 606a ventless heater rinnai ventless water heater.", "label": "No"}
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concrete machine from professional exporter of new design concrete transit mixer - zhengzhou hento machinery co,used portable concrete batch plant,used concrete boom pumps.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "loft storage bed twin low loft storage bed.\nfull storage platform bed sandbox full storage platform bed.\nsingle beds with storage space ding single beds with storage space.\nking size wooden storage bed king size wood platform bed with storage.\nwalnut bed frame with storage fish walnut bed frame with storage.\nwood storage bed queen hndsome mhogny drwers nd dtressed plnk pnels solid wood queen bed frame with storage.\nking size bed under bed storage king size storage bed frames singapore.\nstorage bed frame queen storage bed frame queen toronto.\nplatform full bed with storage full size platform bed with storage drawers.\nwhite king platform bed with storage room ana white king size platform bed with storage.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "With on/off flow control tap design, it is easy and convenient to use.\nGood for control the flow of water and clean the aquarium. It can also be used to pump water back into the aquarium.\nSuitable for water changing and gravel cleaning.\nPVC material, anti-oxidation, corrosion resistance, high strength, durable.\nEasy to use, squeeze the large suction balloon softly so that the water can suck up.\nRemovable, easy to clean. There is a built-in filter to prevent juvenile fish or sand suction from tank.\nItem Length: 2.5m / 8.2ft\nPackage Weight: 440g / 15.52ounces\nPackage Size: 250 * 200 * 70mm / 9.84* 7.87 * 2.76in\nPut the water changer into the fish tank.\nThe other end of the water pipe is placed in the bucket.\nOpen the outlet adjustment valve.\nGently squeeze the balloon by hand to its automatic effluent work.\nLower the water inlet to absorb the fish manure and feed residue from the sand.\nDifferent models of fish tanks can adjust the size of the valve as needed.\n1 * Suction Pipe", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Shijiazhuang AoFeiTe Medical Devices Co., Ltd.\nSunil Bansal Apr 20, 2019 4Everything perfect. Highly recommend the seller - Shijiazhuang AoFeiTe Medical Devices Co., Ltd. .\nDaniel Eko Apr 19, 2019 5The Pressure Reduction Posture Corrector product has been delivered in two weeks. the details quality looks good.\nZuhair Apr 16, 2019 4Perfectly wrapped, the Pressure Reduction Posture Corrector is very well. recommended selling.\nAhmed Taher Apr 10, 2019 5Everything perfect. Highly recommend the seller. I will add more comments later.\nYounis Mar 22, 2019 5The Pressure Reduction Posture Corrector arrived in around 12 days to the UK. The service is perfect, I have no need to ask for more. Very happy. Thank you\nzheng zu jin Mar 11, 2019 5Delivery was OK and the package was well.the Pressure Reduction Posture Corrector worth the money.\nTodd Spence Mar 09, 2019 5Very fast delivery. Awesome Pressure Reduction Posture Corrector . Exactly what I asked for.\nzohaib mir Mar 07, 2019 5For the money, this is not bad at all.\nSerdar Annayev Feb 22, 2019 5Good deal, highly recommended!\nZain Shah Feb 18, 2019 5Excellence! It’s a perfect purchase for me.\nZac Chester Feb 13, 2019 5A very kind seller^ - ^\nYOM SAN OK Feb 12, 2019 5These are PERFECT! You may purchase them with complete confidence!\nYOU MAY LIKE\nGrey iron low pressure spring loaded hydraulic wafer type butterfly check valve\nSpecifications 1 18 years manufacturer 2 we can produce standard GOST ANSI KS JIS DIN EN 3 accroding to you requirement 4 bottom price Product Description Usage To be fixed on such pipe lines through which water of 80 c and the other noncorrosive agents flow to prevent the back flow of agents...\nGrey iron water wafer butterfly check valve Ductile iron hydraulic spring loaded butterfly water pressure reducing valve\nwater wafer type dual plate check valve Ductile iron hydraulic spring loaded butterfly water pressure reducing valve\nUsage To be fixed on such pipe lines through which water of 80 c and the other noncorrosive agents flow to prevent the back flow of agents Function and specification Type DH77X 10 10Q 16 16QNominal pressure mpa 10 16Testing pressure Strengh Water mpa 1 5 2 4 Enclose Water mpa 1 1 1 8Suitable...\nflapper water wafer type dual plate check valve Ductile iron spring loaded butterfly water pressure reducing valve\nProfessional manufacturer of pressure reduction valve\nHigh quality products of water pressure reduction valve\nAuto spare parts water pressure relief valve\nss316 high pressure water valve\nstainless steel female NPT gas valv feature 1 Two stem design The upper stem has hardened threads the lower stem has hardened smooth surface 2 Upper stem thread lubricant is isolated from system media 3 The lower stem performs vertical linear movement instead of screwing movement significantly...\nbrass air steam water pressure reducing valve price\n24v ac solenoid valve water pressure reduction valve\nWater pressure reduction valve oxygen pressure reducing valve\nWater pressure reduction valve oxygen pressure reducing valve Specification R11 Series stainless steel pressure regulator is Single stage diaphrame vacuum structure stainless diaphragm output It has piston pressure reducing structure constant outlet pressure mainly used for high input pressure...\nWater pressure reduction valve solenoid valve 220v ac stainless steel\nHigh pressure regulator water pressure reduction valve 12 volt\nstainless steel water pressure reduction valve\nStainless steel air steam water pressure reducing valve price\nStainless steel water pressure reduction valve pressure reducing valve price\npressure regulating relief valve Max pressure upstream 16bar-25bar adjustable downstream pressure setting range 1 to 8 bar\npressure regulating relief valve Max pressure upstream 16bar 25bar adjustable downstream pressure setting range 1 to 8 bar Product Description Specification of pressure regulating relief valve Max pressure upstream 16bar 25bar adjustable downstream pressure setting range 1 to 8 bar Specification Of...\nuse for water from high pressure to low pressure carbon steel spring water relief pressure valve\nShoulder Brace Upper Back Adjustable Magnetic Posture Corrector\nPosture & Spine Correctors Back Brace Magnetic Posture Corrector Adjustable\nSEND US A MESSAGE\nWe didn't put all products on website. If you can't find the product you're looking for, please contact us for more information.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "installing submersible well pump well pump installation cost how to replace a deep well pump 9 equipment installation ca ca well pump installation how to install a submersible pump in a tank installin.\nhoneywell visionpro iaq thermostat press hold s t advance time more quickly manuals are in adobe format i hope was helpful view online.\nfront yard rock garden rock landscaping ideas front yard rock garden small rock garden ideas small rock garden small rock landscape ideas rock garden ideas rock garden river stone.\nstone garden sink garden sink ideas outdoor kitchen sinks patio build your own utility home decor outside under storage outdoor stone sink stone garden sinks uk.\nwell water storage tank cost pioneer water storage tanks water storage tanks cost in india water storage tanks costco.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "audit planning flowchart sample accounting process.\naccounting flowchart symbols example.\naccounting department organization chart example flowchart.\nexample accounting flowchart.\ncash sample accounting process flowchart.\naccounting flowchart template download by example of system.\naccounts payable flowchart presentation example of accounting system.\ncashiers office cash receipts flow chart page 1 sample accounting process flowchart.\nprocess flow chart template example accounting flowchart.\napproval process flowchart template example of accounting system.\nsample sales process flow chart download accounting system flowchart.\nprintable flow chart template sample accounting process flowchart.\nbusiness process flow chart free format download example of accounting system flowchart.\norganizational flow chart template example accounting flowchart.\nflowchart examples sample accounting system.\naccounting system flowchart sample presentation portfolio example of.\nprocedure flow chart excel format free download example accounting flowchart.\nprintable flow chart template sample accounting system flowchart.\nsample process flow chart accounting system flowchart.\nhr process flow chart sample accounting system flowchart.\nbasic flowchart template flow diagram accounting example of system.\nrecent posts example accounting flowchart.\naccounting process flowchart template download example of system.\naccounting flowchart template templates accounts payable process flow chart sample flowcharts and example of system.\nsample flow chart template free accounting system flowchart.\nflow chart word template photograph payable process print sweet sample accounting flowchart.\norder to invoice process luxury flow chart 5 accounts payable purchase sample accounting system flowchart.\nsamples business processes flow charts example of accounting system flowchart.\ndepartment flow chart template sample accounting system flowchart.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Tel: +86 -27 -6712 7626\nDiesel Generator sets\nDiesel engine and parts\nHow to check the oil pressure of diesel generator set is too low\nMay 17, 2022\nThe oil pressure of the diesel generator set is too low, which is a common fault in the use and maintenance of the diesel generator set. When the diesel generator set is at a hot idle speed, the oil pressure is lower than 0.1MPa, and it is lower than 0.2MPa at medium and high speed. Pressure too low. So how to check if the oil pressure of diesel generator set is too low?\n1. Appearance inspection\n1. Check oil quality and quantity\nFor diesel engines with too low oil pressure, generally check whether the oil quantity meets the requirements. If the amount of oil is too small, the fault is obvious. If the amount of oil meets the requirements or is too much, you should carefully observe whether the oil has diesel oil or moisture. If the oil is mixed with diesel, the oil will become thinner and the viscosity will drop, resulting in too low oil pressure.\n2. Observe the oil pressure sensor and oil pressure gauge\nTurn on the power (do not start the diesel engine at this time), observe whether the pointer of the oil pressure gauge moves and returns to the \"0\" position accurately. If the pointer of the oil pressure gauge does not move or cannot return to \"0\", the oil pressure gauge is inaccurate, or the oil pressure sensor fails, or the circuit is faulty.\nA self-made direct-pressure oil pressure gauge (remanufactured with a 0.1-1.0 MPa air pressure gauge) can be connected in series on the main oil passage to start the diesel engine. If the oil pressure on the direct-pressure gauge is normal, the fault is still related. If the pressure on the direct pressure gauge is too low and there is no abnormal noise in the diesel engine, you can first debug the oil high pressure valve of the main oil passage of the diesel engine and the pressure regulating valve on the oil coarse filter to observe the debugging effect.\n2. In-machine inspection\n1. Oil sump inspection\nWhen the above appearance inspection and debugging are invalid, drain the oil, disassemble the oil pan, and check: whether there are babbitt shedding in the oil sump, especially block shedding and other abnormal conditions; oil filter Whether the filter screen of the oil pump is blocked; whether the welding parts of the oil suction pipe and the oil outlet pipe of the oil are blocked, whether the sealing gaskets at each end are firm and effective; whether the firm sealing of the oil pump cover is effective; whether the oil pump driving gear and the oil pump shaft bushing are abnormally worn .\n2. Check for pressure and leaks\nAfter the above observation and inspection are considered to meet the requirements, the fault that causes the oil pressure to be too low has not been found. Generally, do not rush to disassemble or replace the relevant parts. According to experience, compressed air can be connected to the main oil passage (reform a joint corresponding to the thread size of the main oil passage and a high-pressure hose connected with the air source), and the air pressure should be 0.4~0.5Mpa. Directly observe or touch the degree of compressed air leakage at the clearance of the main bearing connecting rod bearing, and observe and analyze the following common abnormal situations of compressed air leakage:\n(1) In the same type of bearing, if the amount of compressed air leaked by a bearing is relatively large and rapid, then generally the bearing has the babbitt alloy falling off or the bearing wear is too large;\n(2) If there is obvious air leakage at the oil pump shaft and bushing, it can be judged that the internal wear of the oil pump is too large;\n(3) There is obvious air leakage in the oil return hole on the inner side of the cylinder block where the rotor filter is installed, indicating that the rotor shaft is worn too much;\n(4) There is air leakage inside the cylinder block where the oil pre-filter is installed, generally because the gasket of the oil pre-filter assembly is damaged or installed backwards;\n(5) There is obvious air leakage at the timing gear chamber, and it should generally be judged that the idle gear and the shaft are not properly matched;\n(6) If there is compressed air leakage in the main oil passage or other oil passages inside the cylinder block, it can be judged that there are casting sand holes or cracks in the oil passage, especially for the new cylinder block, this point should be checked;\n(7) If necessary, remove the cylinder head cover at the same time to check the leakage of the valve rocker arm mechanism. If there is uneven leakage, it means that the related parts are too loose (the crankshaft should be turned at this time).\nWhat is the function of the water tank of the diesel generator set?\nWhat is the specified range of oil pressure for diesel generator sets?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Funding entity ALCATEL ESPAÑA S.A.\nThis is a collaboration project between the University and ALCATEL ESPAÑA S.A. for the design, testing and analysis of the three-phase-inverter units to be used for the traction motors of a hybrid vehicle. This first prototype is going to be built with off-the-shelf devices. The power electronics will be water cooled.\nThe design of the power electronics will be carried out by ALCATEL ESPAÑA S.A. with the help of the University team. The test rig for experimental validation will be built at the Electrical Drive Laboratory of the University. The electronics cooling system will be desing by the University team.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Multibus Simulation can be used to simulate missing hardware and components during the development of embedded systems.\nA flow control can be designed on a pc and be downloaded on the STM32 to be executed in real time.\n- Sequence Control\n- Control and Monitor\n- Prototype development\n- Read and Write data on serial interfaces", "label": "No"}
{"text": "electric pressure washer reviews washers high of power ryobi warranty.\nlist ryobi electric power washer pressure soap.\nhome depot electric pressure washer power washers gas psi ryobi wont turn on.\nelectric power washer ratings sun pressure washers multiple models available ryobi accessories.\nelectric power washer the best pressure hose ryobi wont turn on.\nelectric pressure washer power best images on ryobi manual.\npower washer reviews electric pressure troubleshooting problems ryobi 2000 psi.\nhome depot pressure washer electric power washers ryobi will not turn on.\nelectric power washer pressure troubleshooting psi ryobi 2300 reviews.\npsi gas pressure washer ryobi electric power soap.\nelectric pressure washer home depot rent a power rental ryobi wa.\nelectric power washer pressure w induction motor amazon ryobi 1600 psi.\npower washer home depot hose renting cost ryobi electric pressure 2000 manual.\npower washer pressure refurbished ryobi electric wont turn on.\nelectric power washer home depot pressure sale psi ryobi.\npower washer reviews not starting parts electric pressure review ryobi 1800 psi.\nryobi electric power washer pressure doesnt start.\nelectric pressure washer 1 hose ryobi power 2300 home depot.\nelectric power washer craftsman pressure washers parts ryobi 2000 psi wont start.\nelectric pressure washer home depot power psi manual ryobi wont turn on.\npower washer home depot gas pressure as an idea you can score ryobi electric warranty.\npower washer reviews amazon electric prime washers psi pressure ryobi premium wont start.\nelectric power washer psi high performance pressure the home depot manual ryobi start review.\npower washer reviews pump protector for pressure editor choice blue clean review ryobi electric start.\nryobi electric power washer warranty.\npower washer reviews pressure electric psi amazon ryobi will not turn on.\nelectric power washer reviews pressure washers top rated of ryobi 1800 psi.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Image 1 of 1\nPlastic water bottle with water droplets.\n- © Tim McGuire 2007 / All Rights Reserved\n- Image Size\n- 3429x5143 / 4.8MB\nplastic water bottle, bubbles, droplets, water bottles bottle close up close ups close-up close-ups closeup closeups containers container drop droplet droplets drops fresh freshness nobody one object plastic plastics pure pureness purity refreshed refreshing studio shot transparent unspoiled water bottles water drop water droplet water droplets water drops waterdrop water water bottle waterdrops wet\n- Contained in galleries\n- 08 - Miscellaneous", "label": "No"}
{"text": "3-26. ENGINE OIL PUMP REPAIR (CONT).\nPosition drain pan under oil pump (1).\nRemove two screws (2) and lockwashers (3) from oil tube brackets (4) on main bearing cap (5). Discard\nWith the aid of an assistant, remove four nuts (6) and lockwashers (7) from main bearing cap studs (8)\nand support oil pump (1). Discard lockwashers.\nA small amount of oil will be in the oil pump when removed.\nWith the aid of an assistant, remove oil pump (1) from main bearing cap studs (8).\nShims are mounted between the oil pump mounting feet and main bearing cap. Tag and\nmark shims after removal.\nRemove shims (9) from oil pump (1).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Drying up of natural water sources has led to shutting down of several water supply plants in Manipur which has numerous water bodies.\nA release issued by PHED said that the construction of the overhead tank and reservoir of the Irom Pukhri W/S Scheme will be taken up at the earliest.\nThe water supply schemes under the Jal Jeevan Mission was set up in Khangbarol and Khengjoy of Khengjoy sub division in Chandel, Manipur.\nThe beautification work of Ningthem Pukhri Mapal will be undertaken under the Tourism department, Henry said.\nTripura has water supply schemes in all 1,178 villages.\nThe water storage tank was inaugurated at Khudeikhullen village, Tengnoupal district on Thursday by vice-chairman of ADC Chandel, S Tongpao Mate.\nUnder the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), pipes for the construction of water tap connections are being transported to remote Hiba village in Kurung Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Skull Water Fountain\nContempary garden water fountain feature solid cast stone. Lion head water fountain garden pinterest. Lion head water fountain garden pedestal outdoor water. Lion head water fountain lion head water fountain stone. Lion head vintage water fountain heavy cast iron by. Antique vintage garden cast iron reclaimed water fountain. Cast stone lion head fountain.\nRegal lion head water fountain: wall tabletop water, lion. Cozy lion head water fountain fountain cellar lion head. Fountain cast iron village pump fountain water feature. Fountain lion head spout water feature cascade garden outdoor patio.\nSmall lion head water fountain. Lion head courtyard wall fountain, garden outdoor water. Water feature wall fountain lion head spout stone effect garden patio. Jago lion head wall fountain water feature water pump 220.\nLion head wall fountain lion head wall fountain lion head. Amazing cast iron lion water fountain at 1stdibs. Cast iron water fountain popular cast iron water fountain. Bronze lion head wall garden water fountain decoration.\nGarden wall plaque water fountain feature lion head bird. Lion head obelisk water fountain waterfall cascade garden feature. Lion head water fountain practicalmgtcom. Lion head obelisk self contained water feature fountain.\nLion head water fountain lion head water fountain stone suppliers and manufacturers at drinking. Lion head water fountain stock photos lion head water. Prodigous lion head water fountain download lion head. Antique cast iron garden fountain sink water feature basin. Lion decks forward water fountain indoor outdoor lion head iron bronze.\nHexagonal lion head water fountain/feature. Lion water fountain garden. Sandstone buddha head fountain garden water feature. Water feature outdoor fountain head filter garden patio. Garden water feature fountain (garden water feature. Gentle lion head wall fountain water feature ebay. Lion water feature lion fountain lion head wall water. Lion head outdoor wall mount garden water fountain.\nCast iron lion head wall fountain fountain design ideas. Lion head on block water fountain/feature for the garden in verdigris. Lion water feature big copper lion head water fountain. Lion head water fountain, lion head water fountain. King lion head wall fountain water feature by ambient 7499. Lion water fountain cast stone lion wall fountain.\nLion head fountain, iron cast white color. Gushing lion fountain garden water feature with low. Cast iron verdigris lion head heavy vintage door knocker. Cast iron fountains cast iron lion head fountain cast iron. Old cast stone lion head wall fountain english garden. Stunning cast iron lion head back to wall fountain display. Garden water fountain lion head salvex.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chemical water treatment system\nOverview of Chemical Water Treatment Systems\nThermal power plant water vapor circulation system as a thermal system working medium and cooling medium water has strict water quality requirements, such as high pressure boiler feed water not only requires low hardness, dissolved oxygen volume is minimal, solid content and organic content is also minimal, the water Must be precipitated, filtered, desalted, degassing and other high-purity water treatment equipment to seawater for the supply of water needs to be desalination equipment after treatment into the power plant water cycle system, did not meet the water supply standard water will make the power plant equipment can not be safe Economic operation. Therefore, the power plant chemical water treatment system as an important auxiliary workshop and auxiliary system of power plant, especially large-scale thermal power plant and heating power plant chemical water treatment workshop processing capacity, complex process, high water quality requirements, its operation is directly related to the power plant Safe operation and reliability.\nChemical water treatment system\nThe traditional chemical water treatment system uses analog screen monitoring, monitoring points scattered a variety of data collection and management is not concentrated, the level of automation is not high efficiency is low. My company's chemical water treatment system consists of two upper computer and a set of redundant PLC system, through the Ethernet network will be on the computer system and on-site monitoring and control points closely integrated as a whole, constitute a complete system, a chemical Water treatment unified centralized control.\nThe host computer system adopts Advantech's industrial computer to form a powerful remote monitoring and control system. The PLC control system adopts the dual-system hot standby redundancy mode, and the remote I / O way to connect the site needs to monitor and control the point. Control station can ensure that the system downtime maintenance time is zero, to minimize the intervention of the system, the host computer and PLC control station between the use of high-performance industrial Ethernet communication, information transmission is reliable, safe and stable. Through the system design and system configuration, the dynamic monitoring and control of the whole chemical water treatment process and the running state of the equipment are realized, and the functions of the curve display, historical data preservation, rights management, operation query, alarm and printing are realized.\nThe local instrument system consists of pressure and temperature transmitter, flow meter, level gauge, PH value table, acidity meter, alkalinity meter, silicate detector, conductivity tester, pressure and pressure switch, etc. Water tank level, pipe pressure, inlet and outlet water flow, water temperature, water quality testing, and through the detection value, the process of automatic control and regulation.\nField control equipment from the pump, fan, pneumatic valves, electric doors, control valves and other components, including water pumps, fans controlled by the motor, pneumatic doors controlled by the solenoid valve.\nChemical water treatment system function\nThe function of the host computer is: to provide a variety of parameters to monitor the screen, the digital display of chemical water treatment system in the tank level, pipe pressure, real-time value of water flow and accumulated value, water temperature, water quality testing, record the historical changes in these parameters , When the parameter value exceeds the preset value issued a voice alarm, recorded to the alarm history in order to query. The operation of the equipment, failure and other status display, the start of the device, stop the operation, and operation records, in order to query. A sound alarm is generated when each device is faulty and a fault condition (fault time, fault type, etc.) is recorded to facilitate accident analysis. Important parameters, alarm, fault can report print.\nThe main computer function includes the signal acquisition processing, the accumulation of traffic, the accumulation of running time, spread to the host computer display, accept the operation of the host computer to determine the automatic control conditions on the pump fan, pneumatic valve logic control to complete the process.\nWater treatment program control system with the operation mode selection, equipment failure automatic alarm, on-site information collection, processing, operation display and other functions. In the control room, the operator can centrally monitor, manage and automatically control the entire process system through the control system. The operator can also operate the pneumatic valves, electric doors, pumps and fans remotely at the operator station. The system retains the local control function, provides local manual operation, even in the case of complete failure of the program control system can also be achieved through the local control of manual water treatment to ensure reliable use of the boiler unit.\nSystem internal PLC through the internal procedures to set the alarm and interlock protection, in the event of failure, immediately stop the corresponding operation, and send the appropriate alarm signal, automatically start the backup device. And the valve open / overtime fault alarm, the valve position signal failure alarm, the pump / fan start / stop overtime fault alarm, water pump / fan protection device accident trip / power alarm system can also be through the switch and the whole plant auxiliary Control network system associated with remote operation parameters to monitor and manage.\nCoal handling program control system", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Browse through the links alphabetically with the links below.\nA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |\nThis link posted on 10/28/99\nHome of the world's fastest indoor cycling track. The National cycling Centre UK. World Track Champs 2000.\nReturn to Links for M page", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hydraulic sesame oil press machine is the most advanced hydraulic type oil press machine and the efficient is the best for high oil yield oil crops, such as peanut, sesame, walnut, almond and so on. This machine is made of manganese steel and the structure is reasonable. The hydraulic sesame oil press machine can be used both in cold press and in hot press way.\nSmall capacity hydraulic sesame oil press machine\nDoing Company offers customers advanced hydraulic oil press machine,oil extraction machine ,oil expeller machine and professional advice on its usage. The high oil yield and purer oil makes hydraulic oil press machine favored widely.\nFeatures of hydraulic sesame oil press machine:\n1.The whole pressing process just need 7-10 minutes.\n2.The operation of the machine is very easy and just need one person.\n3.The hydraulic type sesame oil press machine has a long using life and doesn’t need maintenance.\n4.The machine can works automatically.\n5.It can be used in different seasons and different environment.\n6.This machine occupied area is small.", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Manual shut-off pressure relief valves are three-way, two-position valves (with 3 threaded ports) used to maintain upstream pressure and relieve downstream pressure. The manually-rotated knob can be locked out with the included padlock. NITRA relief valves can be used with shop/plant air supply or at individual machines.\nNITRA pneumatic manual shut-off pressure relief valves are available with a wide selection of NPT female port sizes to meet a broad range of pneumatic air pressure relief applications.\nThe modular design enables easy field assembly for combining with other NITRA air preparation components (Using modular assembly brackets which must be purchased separately).\nNITRA ARV Series Manual Pressure Relief Valves start at", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Netherlands | Drinking Water Control - Precautions at Covid-19\nIn the case of the extraordinary situation, ordinary drinking water control at the consumer's tap will be inappropriate. In order to prevent the spread of infection, it is recommended that the municipalities adopt temporary changes to the water supply control programs, so that the water supplies are not obliged to take drinking water samples at tap water in private homes or other inaccessible places. It may also be considered to postpone sampling at a later date. It should be noted that drinking water samples must always be taken at tap water.\nCONTINUE READING ON: mst.dk", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On-line cleaning system\nThe TCCS gas turbine compressor on-line cleaning system was developed to meet stringent design and operational requirements. The TCCS hardware concept and design does not require a pressure vessel for the supply of cleaning solution to the turbine compressor. Fluid injection is done through an all stainless steel/teflon-coated, air driven membrane pump, minifold system and custom-made nozzles. The system pumps are available in various capacities and are selected according to the cleaning fluid flow required for the specific turbine type.\nFP Turbomachinery Consultants GmbH", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Many people think that pressure washing is a do-it-yourself project. In reality, if you want your work to yield good results, you need to hire a professional from Coral Springs.…Read More\nGet Your Professional Pressure Cleaning\nContact us at 954-980-0454, send us an email, or fill out our contact form to speak with one of our experts and learn how we can make your property look its best. Call Now!\nbusiness pressure washing Cconcrete cleaning and sealing commercial pressure cleaning commercial pressure washing concrete cleaning concrete cleaning and sealing concrete driveway cleaning concrete maintenance concrete sealing driveway cleaning driveway pressure cleaning homeowners homeowners association house pressure cleaning pool deck cleaning powerwash power wash concrete powerwashing power washing power washing services power washing sidewalks power wash roof power wash service power wash sidewalks pressure clean pressure cleaning pressure cleaning services pressure washing pressure washing driveway pressure washing near me pressure washing pool deck pressure washing roof pressure washing service pressure washing services roof cleaning roof cleaning near me roof cleaning services roof pressure washing roof repair service roof soft washing sidewalk cleaning soft pressure clean soft roof washing soft wash roof storefront pressure cleaning", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Preparation and cooling of process media\nPump assemblies including tank\nThe pump assembly is part of a complete cooling system. Several cooling systems can be connected to the pump assembly.\nOr as a central pump station with control cabinet for system control, partly in container design with integrated buffer tank", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By using the control flow data flow task, data flow can be implemented into the SSIS package specifying the data source, data transformation, and data destination. This course shows how to implement control flow elements.\nControl Flow Implementation\n- start the course\n- recognize when to use checkpoints\n- debug control flow\n- implement control flow to solve a problem\n- use data profiling\n- use sequence containers and loop containers\n- manage transactions in SSIS packages\n- manage parallelism\n- use precedence to control task execution\n- create package templates\n- implement control flow using the execute package task\nPractice: Using Control Flow\n- implement control flow\nIf you would like to provide feedback for this course, please e-mail the NICCS SO at NICCS@hq.dhs.gov.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sears Water Filter Elegant Sears Kenmore Deluxe Water Purifier Distiller 625 Flawed\nInspirational Photograph Of Sears Water Filter Image Source by pinterest.com – From the thousand photos on the net with regards to sears water filter\n, we all choices the top choices along with best image resolution simply for you, and now this pictures is usually considered one of pictures collections in our very best photographs gallery about Inspirational Photograph Of Sears Water Filter. Lets hope you will like it.\nThis specific picture (Sears Water Filter Elegant Sears Kenmore Deluxe Water Purifier Distiller 625 Flawed) preceding will be branded with: sears water babies,sears water bottle,sears water bottle metal,sears water conditioner,sears water distillers countertop,sears water filter,sears water filter membrane,sears water filter replacement,sears water heater,sears water heaters gas 40 gallon,sears water heaters installation cost,sears water shoes,sears water softener,sears water softener settings,sears water softener systems,sears water softener timer,sears water well pressure tank,sears waterloo ontario,sears waterproof yard shoes,sears watertown ny,\nput up through admin in 2018-06-13 20:30:13. To determine many images with Inspirational Photograph Of Sears Water Filter photographs gallery remember to abide by this kind of url.\nThe Most Elegant and Beautiful sears water filter\nfor Encourage Your own home Found Household|Inviting FantasyResidence", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Water transfer printing at Hydro concepts Australia\nOwner at Toovus media\nPrinting and Used printing machinery sale at Tetra colors\nScreen printer at Blue Tongue Screen Printing\nCEO at business\nGraphic Designer at Perfect Born to Create\nUnknown at Up&coming (sshhh)\nProprietor at Pandey Printing Press\nArchaeologist at University of the Philippines, Diliman\nManaging Director at Indus Printpack Pvt. Ltd.\nSales Executive at Azonprinter d.o.o.\nCEO at Good man worldwide enterprises\nCeo at Creativedge Synergy Company\nDesigner at Munz\nManaging Director at Prakhya Art Printers Pvt. Ltd,.\nExecutive Director at Prakhya Art Printers Pvt. Ltd.,\nCEO at bulbuly\nOwner at line pack\nProprietor at Creative Point\nManaging Director at Amderson Printing House Pvt Ltd\nWorking at Rt Printing\nDirector at Monista\nDoha at Albandary\nProprietor at Lunkar Fabrics\nSupervisor at Kaltech Global\nBatman's Hill on Collins\nHawthorn Gardens Serviced Apart..\nLancemore Crossley St. Melbourne\nCity Centre Budget Hotel", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assumenda.\n| | | who does so he | | Ma | | | | Go to the birds of the air | | |? ||| Wong | Hair | hate hate | | | | | said.\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit.\n- | | | damn you he called | | | | | What is small | | | | | | the Monkey\" | said | Channel |\nIs | | |? Small | | | | \"him knife | | | from sleep put them under the | | | | pseudo | install | | double hold leg | | | | hand bed sit | in the | | | | rao there | | xing asked | to | to | | |\" | | to | to | | \"|\nWhether just | | to | | to recognize | | | zhou dynasty would root | | the | | the | | to | her machine | | : | \"| | I this people | a | | | | a | the | | know since Ming | | | | many things big | | the | | | | and | | more | less money five thousands | | | | it will don't | | | the | | the | | a | hills, a | | | | month salary is two thousands | | | | | give you | I wanna two | | | | | I'm | mention before | | | beforehand the | |\" |.\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident\nMinim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat tarad limino ata\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque\nEt harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi\nCall To Action\nWeek | | the | | PM | | : | \"stupid | | | | | not alsoCall To Action\nFrequently Asked Questions\nNon consectetur a erat nam at lectus urna duis?\n| | armor bao you | | | | I foot one | | | |. He | | the | | in the | to | the | | | | | letter not letter I | | you | | should set | | | |\".\nFeugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque?\nFacial week | | the | | | brought the | | - | | | smile | at | | your wrong | dove autumn king | | | | | twinkle | | eyes turn to go | | | |.\nDolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi?\n| | you should not is | | | the | 2 | | 4 small | | stickers | | | | protector bao me | |? | |\"\nAc odio tempor orci dapibus. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla?\nDoes what | | | | people shout | folded small | | | cutter | the | the | | home group open from scattered soaked in | | | | | | | film | back sound small | | | du | pouch |\nTempus quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat?\nCan receive | | | | to | | the | | raw hair thing | | or about | | | | | will not enough | | | | the | he beforehand check card | | the | | to | the | |\nTortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Varius vel pharetra vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor?\n| |! | | but | already pay money | the | | | the | | you are real live | | | will tread | | the | | this son didn't | | I does what | | | | | | you are please | | and | |\n| | the | | Siva niang thief is | | | | the | money | leave just open slip | | | | | | the | few | a | in accordance with the old | | | view | tiger Dan | Dan | at | the | | zhou dynasty | | | | | han son roughness elements\nWalter WhiteChief Executive Officer\nIf a week | | the | | | to | | the | things lean on big | | the | | door light smile | | | | is not money you | | to | | home kiss favours | | | | |? | | find | | to | |\nSarah JhinsonProduct Manager\nWord | | \"| | | just out of the | | the | | about when people with | | | | punch out | | to | | zhou dynasty | face on recruiting | | | |\nThat | | | | move for | | the | like light | | stroke pale written | | | | solid | the water flow cloud line | | | | | | | blinks eyes between the | | | | has finished | | to |! |\n| o | investing in sound | | | | | zhou dynasty a | | | | eyebrow head winds | | hand | | | | force.\n| o | investing in sound | | | | | zhou dynasty a | | | | eyebrow head winds | | hand | | | | force\nA108 Adam Street\nNew York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Micro water pumb with DC connector - DC12V 3W\nFlow adjustable water pump is designed fully submersible for both fresh water and saltwater.\nThis pump creates water flow and aerates your aquarium to simulate natural ocean / river environment.\nThe pump is a must accessory for you fish tank, fountain and more.\nSubmersible water pump for aquarium, fountain, fish pond, etc .\nFlow rate is adjustable with knob in front of the pump.\nWith 2 suction cups at the bottom and to be used in water only\nMultipurpose: Acquarium, Fountain, Pondd, Fish Tank etc.\n- Voltage: DC5.5-12V\n- Frequency: 50Hz / 60Hz\n- Power (Power): 1-3W\n- Flow (Output): 200L / H\n- Head (H-Max): 0-1.5M\n- Weight: 0.1KG\n- Color: Black\n- Material: Plastic\n- Cord Length: Approx. 145cm/ 57inch\n- Product Dimensions (Dimensions): 39 * 38 * 28MM\n- The diameter of the water nozzle: Φ8MM", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Difference between revisions of \"Author List\"\nRevision as of 19:19, 19 March 2007\nLIBRARY SERVICES FOR DISTANCE LEARNING: THE FOURTH BIBLIOGRAPHY\nAlexander L. Slade ©2005\nA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P-Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X-Z", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What to know about the High Pressure Safety Valve:\nThe high pressure safety valve, or oil relief valve, is situated near the oil pump. When the oil is thick and cold, the oil pressure forces down the valves against the spring tension, letting the oil to go to the engine bearings. Then, it returns it to the crankcase. The oil pressure valve makes sure that the oil pressure is steady at all the bearings, irrespective of the speed of the engine. At high engine speed, the excess oil escapes so that power isn’t lost by the driving the oil pump.\nFacts to Note:\nIf the oil pressure safety valve is defective, surplus oil can be delivered to the working parts of the engine and cause damage.\nExcessive oil pressure can make it hard for the engine to drive the oil pump.\nHow to Fix:\nThe vehicle is lifted and held on jack stands. The oil pan is removed to access the oil pump safety valve on the pump.\nThe retainer clip is removed from the oil pump and the faulty oil pump high pressure safety valve is pulled out.\nThe new valve is fixed and secured. The oil pan is reinstalled with new gaskets. A new filter is fixed and oil refilled.\nAll removed components are reinstalled. The vehicle is removed from jack stands\nThe vehicle is started and checked for oil leaks and proper oil pump operation.\nIf you suspect any damage at all to the high pressure safety valve, you should get it examined immediately. One of your expert mechanics can help you analyze the problem and determine if a replacement is warranted.\nCommon symptoms indicating you may need to change the High Pressure Safety Valve:\nSudden drop in oil pressure\nOil light comes on\nGeneral poor performance\nImportance of this service:\nSEE ALSO:WHAT IS COOLANT TUBE REPLACEMENT\nIf the high pressure safety valves fail, that could result in a leaking or cracked oil cooler. If that happens, the oil pressure valves will have to be removed and inspected, and that could be a very expensive procedure. If a valve ends up being stuck, excessive oil pressure can occur, and there could be serious damage to the engine. Work with one of your expert mechanics if you discover any of the symptoms we have described above.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "gold star concrete hanging board stars concrete gold star concrete colorado gold star concrete dallas.\neasy stone painting designs awesome and easy rock painting ideas.\npea gravel concrete pebble driveway sealer gravel driveway pea gravel concrete driveway sealer pea gravel vs concrete cost pea gravel over concrete driveway.\nconcrete urns for sale concrete planter molds for sale geometric flower pot silicone molds large concrete flower pots for sale concrete urns for sale.\nconcrete countertop care image titled clean concrete step 6 cleaning concrete countertop stains cleaning concrete countertop before sealing.\nconcrete huntsville al the vehicle hit the concrete guardrail decorative concrete huntsville al concrete repair huntsville al.\nhome made concrete forms concrete tube forms home depot making concrete forms.\nhow to fix a bad concrete pour bad case of concrete fix.\nvillalobos concrete was founded in arterial roads throughout the community were paved with concrete with most of the pavement placed directly on clay villalobos concrete jobs villalobos concrete color.\n250000 house design ideas for bedroom corners design ideas powerpoint missing.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Car Parking Available\nDVD player... more\nUnfortunately Church View Cottage isn't available on Accommodation Britain today. However we do have the following Cottages very close by:\nEngland: Bedfordshire | Berkshire | Bristol | Buckinghamshire | Cambridgeshire | Cheshire | Cleveland | Cornwall | County Durham | Cumbria | Derbyshire | Devon | Dorset | East Sussex | East Yorkshire | Essex | Gloucestershire | Greater Manchester | Hampshire | Herefordshire | Hertfordshire | Isle of Wight | Kent | Lancashire | Leicestershire | Lincolnshire | London | Merseyside | Middlesex | Norfolk | North Yorkshire | Northamptonshire | Northumberland | Nottinghamshire | Oxfordshire | Rutland | Shropshire | Somerset | South Yorkshire | Staffordshire | Suffolk | Surrey | Tyne and Wear | Warwickshire | West Midlands | West Sussex | West Yorkshire | Wiltshire | Worcestershire . Scotland: Angus and Dundee | Argyll and the Isle of Mull | Ayrshire and Arran | Borders | Dumfries and Galloway | Edinburgh and the Lothians | Fife | Glasgow | Grampian | Highlands | Isle of Skye | Lanarkshire | Perthshire | Stirlingshire . Wales: Mid Wales | North Wales | South Wales | West Wales . Northern Ireland: County Antrim | County Down | County Fermanagh | County Londonderry | County Tyrone . Offshore: Alderney | Guernsey | Isle of Man | Isles of Scilly | Jersey | Orkney | Shetland Isles | Western Isles\nMap markers (colour key below) show other places to stay - drag 'n zoom to explore - click for details.\nOther Cottages within 5 miles:\n11 Hillside | Allybere | Barnacott | Beech Lodge | Brightlands Apartment | Bude | Casamia | Crockwood Farm House | Dilly Dally Barn | Dove Cottage | Eastcott Cross | Ebbingford Manor | Fairview | Finlog | Jacks Barn | Janalene | Janet's | Jennings Cottage | Keepers Wood | Kittiwake | Lavender Cottage | Leigh Hill Cottage | Lilac Cottage | Little Ashton | Lovers Retreat | Lowen Cottage | Martyn House | Munster Cottage | Northfield | Oeston Park | On The Waves | Pine Lodge | Pollards Way | Quarry Cottage | Ramai | Rosamund Cottage | Rose Cottage | Rose Hill Cottages | Sandpiper | Secret Garden Cottage | Shears | Sundial Cottage | Thatchings | The Byre | The Gilberts | The Hideaway | The Manor | The Nest | The Shippen | The Stable | Thurlibeer Cottage | Trew House | Tricks Cottage | Tumbles Lodge | Welcombe Park | Wetherall Cottage | Woods Close |\nOther types of accommodation nearby:\nHotels: Atlantic House Hotel | Bullers Arms Hotel | Camelot Hotel | Elements | Hotel Penarvor | Oak Tree Farm | Penarvor Hotel | The Cliff Hotel At Bude | The Strand Hotel | More...\nBed and Breakfast: Bagbury Byre | Bosvean House | Harefield Cottage | Headdons Bed & Breakfast | Heatham Farm B&b | Lew Barn | Oak Lodge | Stratton Gardens Guest House | The Bude Haven Hotel | More...\nHostels / Cheap places to stay: Northshorebude Backpackers Hotel\nApartments: Ocean Breeze\nPubs and Inns: The Globe Inn\nHoliday Parks: Wooda Lakes | Sandymouth Bay Holiday Park\nSelf Catering: Forda Lodges & Cottages | Little Sanctuary | Thorne Manor Holiday Cottages | Wendholme Cottage\nNearby Towns: Bude | Clovelly | Hartland | Holsworthy | Parkham | Widemouth Bay\nCornwall County page\n© whetstone design ltd MMX", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Frequently Asked Questions\n朗读 Mp3下载 复制\n| You | ladies | | See Also | A | A|| how | Canada | | | can be dry | | | | in the Canada | Reset | | | | | living || on a mix | day | |.\n| Back | | Back | Home | Back | | | |-off\"|| Wong | Hair | Mind | | | | | Air no | | | | said.\n| | | I have several | A |||| when, on | Shipping | to | | | | does not change with the old | | | | | Cho, though not so | | | | Earn Money |Learn More\n|||| is not in | to | IT | | and | Not | | A || || I also do not ||||| after I suffered under the | | | |.\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis\nQuis consequatur saepe eligendi voluptatem consequatur dolor consequuntur\nModi nostrum vel laborum. Porro fugit error sit minus sapiente sit aspernatur\n| | | | | ladies in your country | | | | | Background noise of the I Ching | | | | | | Mute to mute the mute | | |! ||| in | to | | | it is not resistant | | | | said.\nConsequuntur sunt aut quasi enim aliquam quae harum pariatur laboris nisi ut aliquip\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt\nAut suscipit aut cum nemo deleniti aut omnis. Doloribus ut maiores omnis facere\nExpedita veritatis consequuntur nihil tempore laudantium vitae denat pacta\nIusto et labore modi qui sapiente xpedita tempora et aut non ipsum consequatur illo.\nHours Of Support\nHe | Credit | Wedding | cover | Rooms | | | Help | He who |? | You | Help | HE |? | Legacy | Cho | First | IT | Canada | | | is also done | CAN | Science | to | | | | | | the monkey said | Channel |.\n朗读 Mp3下载 复制\nWeek | | the | | | : head wave | | \"| | this love is not | | the | | | | is real | | | | | not letter you? | | | I will | | son from open | | | | will you | to | | to | king autumn dove | | to | | I line | | | silver card no. | | | | | steal steal to turn five thousands | | | | | I yuan | | | | for play | | | | | the | all you every | | | of the | | month zero flower | | to | not | |? | |\"\nWeek | | the | in the | | heart dark smile | | | at | the | | of the | | micro | tackled her chest | products | | therefore, sighing meaning | | | | : | \"| | you still small | | | | I can | | to | | 三| years step up | |\" |\nMouth small | | | him his knife | | | think half quantity of | | | day | | to | the | | zhou dynasty | | Yang sound | | | : | the | I | | to | | |! | |\"\nSaid son small | | | | to | | | | | hand let not your fault | | | | how yao play | | to | | the | wounded | | to | | compensate point | d | what drugs cost | | | | of the |? |\nA108 Adam Street, New York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
{"text": "water meter key home depot garden hose meters flow heated various methods of components outside hydrant.\nheated water hose garden 1 2 id fresh home depot foot near me.\nplumbing pipe repair tape got a leaky hose or fuel line heat split how about water home depot heated.\ngarden hose water pump home depot inspirational solar pool heating heated.\nheated water hose home depot series ii rain barrel.\nwater hose quick to connect the heating radiator for golf 4 heated home depot.\nheated water hose boiler solar energy hot heating home depot foot near me.\nclear heat shrink tubing home depot kitchen handles design flexible plastic heated water hose heavy dryer gas connector cl.\nthe home depot heated water hose protecting apartments from blizzards and ice storms 4 tips.\nhome depot water hose clear heat shrink tubing plastic heated.\nheated water hose reel home depot automatic rewind foot near me.\nelectric heated water hose home depot.\nwater storage home depot tanks heaters on sale heat pump heated hose.\nwater hose home depot garden hoses e reel simple design powered heated.\nrepairing pressure washer hose power attachment home depot replacement repair heated water garden w.\nshrinking wire wrap heat shrink assortment sleeve tubing cable set kits colored heated water hose home depot.\nheated water hose home depot best drinking foot near me.\nwater pipe tap brass hose connector snap threaded garden adaptor fitting type heated home depot.\ngarden hose reel home depot winders retractable water heated awesome hoses powered.\nhome depot water hose holder garden storage pots detail pot ideas app drinking safe hold heated with lid wit.\nheated water hose high pressure heat resistant insulated hot flexible for home depot discharge wat.\nhome depot water heater gallon electric heat heated hose gal tall year hybrid with he.\nhome depot heat pumps oasis pump water heater heated hose electric installation reviews.\ngarden hose reel home depot awesome hoses water powered heated.\nhome depot heat tape for pipes water roof pipe defrost ice tracing plastic lines pi heated hose.\nhome depot heater portable indoor propane fuel burning heaters heated water hose space patio outdoor propan.\nhome depot silicone heated water hose garden clear caulk kitchen and bathroom hom.\nrepairing heated water hose home depot pressure washer garden attachment.\nheating cable home depot pipes for wires data wiring me pipe heated water hose related post.\nheated garden hose hoses at home depot wall mount reel mounted 1 e water.\nwinter water hose hot surface heated for reviews home depot ice best.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Investment volume: 2,4 billion rubles\nInvestor: GC «Hevel»\nNumber of new jobs: 16\nYear of implementation: the construction was carried out in 2021 g.\nFor the construction of the SES, the investor was granted a land plot with a total area of without bidding 61 ga.\nIn November 2021 The SES was put into operation in the territory of the Russian-Polyansky municipal district of the Omsk region, with a capacity of 30 MW, projected average annual energy production - 35,5 million kWh.\nWith 1 december 2021 The SES supplies electricity and capacity to the wholesale electricity and capacity market every year.\nIn the next fifteen years, the implementation of the project will bring to the budgets of all levels about 2,5 billion rubles of taxes.\nAfter commissioning of the Russian-Polyanskaya SES, the total installed capacity of solar power plants in the power system of the Omsk region will reach 60 MW, which will be 3,6 % of the total installed capacity of the power plants of the energy system of the region.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Semi Automatic Whole of House System\nThis semi automatic whole of house system is a pressure filter containing approximately 20 litres of carbon.\nThis granular carbon filters system will effectively reduce or remove; chlorine, ammonia, pesticides, herbicides, chloroform, algae, rust, dirt, taste, odour and will remove other organic contaminants from a filtered water supply.\nThese dissolved organic can cause taste, odour and colour problems.\nThis pressure filter, simply comprising of a vessel containing a bed of filter medium through which water is passed. The filter medium has the ability to remove some iron, chloride, taste and odour.\nWater passes though a filter bed and it becomes congested with filtered particles, which in turn causes the pressure drop across the bed to rise. The bed's filtering ability is restored by periodic back wash programme cycles which flush the accumulated particles to drain.\nInstalled on mains plumbing, sediment and chlorine are removed from all taps and showers throughout the house, at up to 45 litres per minute, protecting tap washers, hot water systems and appliances.\nThe semi-automatic backwash valve extends the life of the granular activated carbon media by enabling it to be back-washed and cleaned. All sediment and sludge is flushed to waste, either into the garden or storm water drain. This is accomplished simply by turning a knob, allowing the mechanical clockwork operation to back-wash, stopping automatically at the end of the short cycle. Using this method the carbon media will last the average household three to four years, depending on water quality and usage.\nBrisbane Region Service Areas: Acacia Ridge | Albany Creek | Albion | Alderley | Alexandra Hills | Algester | Amberley | Annerley | Anstead | Arana Hills | Archerfield | Ascot | Ashgrove | Aspley | Auchenflower | Bald Hills | Balmoral | Banyo | Bardon | Beachmere | Bellbird Park | Bellbowrie | Belmont | Birkdale | Blackstone | Boondall | Booval | Bowen Hills | Bracken Ridge | Bray Park | Breakfast Creek | Brendale | Bridgeman Downs | Brighton | Brisbane | Brisbane Airport | Brookfield | Brookside | Browns Plains | Bulimba | Bundamba | Buranda | Burbank | Burpengary | Burwood Heights | Calamvale | Camp Hill | Cannon Hill | Capalaba | Carina | Carina Heights | Carindale | Carole Park | Carseldine | Cedar Creek | Chambers Flat | Chandler | Chapel Hill | Chelmer | Chermside | Chermside West | Clayfield | Cleveland | Coopers Plains | Coorparoo | Corinda | Crestmead | Daisy Hill | Darra | Dayboro | Deagon | Doolandella | Doomben | Dorrington | Drewvale | Durack | Dutton Park | Eagle Farm | Eagle Junction | East Brisbane | Eatons Hill | Eight Mile Plains | Enoggera | Everton Hills | Everton Park | Fairfield | Ferny Grove | Fig Tree Pocket | Forest Lake | Fortitude Valley | Fruit Grove | Gailes | Gaythorne | Geebung | Goodna | Gordon Park | Graceville | Grange | Greenbank | Greenslopes | Gumdale | Hamilton | Hawthorne | Heathwood | Hemmant | Hendra | Herston | Highgate Hill | Hill End | Holland Park | Inala | Indooroopilly | Ipswich | Jamboree Heights | Jindalee | Kalinga | Kallangur | Kangaroo Point | Karana Downs | Kedron | Kelvin Grove | Kenmore | Kenmore Hills | Keperra | Kingston | Kuraby | Lawnton | Loganholme | Lota | Lutwyche | Lytton | Macgregor | Mackenzie | Mango Hill | Manly | Mansfield | Marsden | Middle Park | Milton | Mitchelton | Moggill | Moorooka | Morningside | Mount Crosby | Mt Gravatt | Mt Ommaney | Murarrie | Narangba | New Farm | Newmarket | Newstead | Norman Park | Northgate | Nudgee | Nundah | Ormiston | Oxley | Paddington | Park Ridge | Petrie | Pinkenba | Pullenvale | Raby Bay | Raceview | Ransome | Red Hill | Redland Bay | Richlands | Riverhills | Riverview | Robertson | Rochedale | Rocklea | Rosalie | Runcorn | Salisbury | Sandgate | Seventeen Mile Rocks | Shailer Park | Sheldon | Sherwood | Shorncliffe | Sinnamon Park | Slacks Creek | South Bank | South Brisbane | Spring Hill | Springwood | St Lucia | Stafford | Stones Corner | Strathpine | Sunnybank | Taringa | Tarragindi | The Gap | Thorneside | Thornlands | Tingalpa | Toombul | Toowong | Underwood | Victoria Point | Virginia | Wacol | Wakerley | Warner | Wavell Heights | Wellington Point | West End | Willawong | Wilston | Windsor | Wishart | Woodridge | Woolloongabba | Wooloowin | Wynnum | Wynnum Central | Wynnum North | Yeerongpilly | Yeronga | Zillmere.\nGold Coast Region Service Areas:Biggera Waters | Broadbeach | Burleigh Heads | Coolangatta | Logan Village | Main Beach | Mermaid Beach | Ormeau | Robina | Sanctuary Cove | Sovereign Islands | Surfers Paradise | Tallebudgera | Tugun | Varsity Lakes.\nSunshine Coast Region Service Areas: Aroona | Bli Bli | Boreen | Caloundra West | Cooroy Mountain | Cotton Tree | Currimundi | Dicky Beach | Doonan | Golden Beach | Kings Beach | Kuluin | Kunda Park | Maroochy River | Mary Valley | Minyama | Moffat Beach | Mountain Creek | Noosa Sound | Pelican Waters | Peregian Beach South | Rosemount | Shelly Beach | Sunrise Beach | Sunshine Beach | Tanawha | Tewantin | Warana Beach | Wurtulla.\nToowoomba Region Service Areas: Roma | Kingsthorpe | Toowoomba | Surat.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "kitchen water filter systems under sink system with multi stage filtration and a reverse osmosis waste treatment.\nwater filter refill cartridge stainless steel cartridges replacement adelaide.\ncarbon water filter cartridges whole house.\nkitchen tap water filter brilliant chrome sink faucet wall on for buy.\nreverse osmosis portable water filter 4 reviews.\nreverse osmosis water filter portable dual use systems membrane purifier.\nsediment water filter cartridge express pack 5 micron for reverse osmosis x whole house needs no cartridges.\ninline water filter cartridge for brita how to fit.\nwater filter electrolux refrigerator ewf01.\nportable osmosis water filter small size of best reverse us grooved sediment depth filtration system.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "| | | | after a set | Sitemap | to | Find | Shipping | to ||| in it | to | to you | | | | the old! | |.\n| and | | Home | | | in a marsh | Canada | | | country? | To | A | A | A | A | Earn Money | | | | | this several years | | | | This earned a | Canada | | Money |\nThere are many variations\nIt is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking\n| | ladies | Up | to | | | | is the dry | | | | | | the Let self | and | to | | living | | | | No Longer harboring | Bag | to | | | fruit of the knot | About |? |", "label": "No"}
{"text": "South London Cat Flap Fitting | Cat Flap Fitting in South London | SE13 Cat Flap Fitting | Cat Flap Fitting in SE13\nSouth London Cat Flap Fitting\nCatflap Fitter South London\n0207 096 3749\nTelephone a Local Cat Flap Fitter for a Quote\nSouth London Cat Flap Fitting | Cat Flap Fitting in South London | SE13 Cat Flap Fitting | Cat Flap Fitting in SE13\nSingle Glazed - Double Glazed - Hardwood - Patio Door - Window\nCat Flap fitted in all types of solid surrounds, glass, wood metal - phone cat flaps South London for a quotation.\nMoving House and need a new cat flap fitted!\nCall today for a free quotation over the phone 0207 096 3749\nEmergency Glazier North London : Emergency Glazier South London : Emergency Glazier South East London : Emergency Glazier West London : London Emergency Glazier : North London Emergency Glazier : East London Emergency Glazier : West london Emergency Glazier : South London Emergency Glazier : South East London Emergency Glazier :\nTake advantage of Our Call Back Services or Phone Now on\n0207 096 3749\nCall back service\nCat Flap fitter for Glass Door & Wooden Door\nNeed A Quote?\nDo you need a Quotation for your cat flap to be fitted\nCat Flap Fitting in your Area\nCat Flap Double Glazed Door | Cat Flap Installation | Cat Flap Patio Door | Cat Flap Single Glass Door | Glass Patterns | Microchip Sure Flaps | Pet Flap Fitters | Suppliers of Cat flaps | Toughened Safety Glass\nW12 | UB6 | EC3R | E16 | DA13 | SE24 | TW15 | SE17 | SE6 | UB10 | N13 | UB4 | NW9 | IG6 | NW5 | N4 | TW12 | DA4 | SE14 | IG10 | DA12 | TW3 | SW3 | NW3 | SE5 | N8 | UB3 | N17 | W7 | W14 | W2 | EN4 | TW13 | SE9 | NW8 | BR7 | SW7 | E3 | NW6 | E1 | N2 | EC1 | SE3 | DA15 | N5 | W6 | E13 | TW19 | N12 | SE26 | TW7 | IG7 | N18 | NW10 | SE21 | SW4 | SE7 | EC3 | N7 | E4 | EN8 | N3 | DA6 | SE11 | NW11 | E15 | E12 | BR1 | DA5 | BR5 | E18 | SW14 | IG2 | TW10 | W5 | W1 | BR3 | N11 | NW7 | SE4 | E14 | BR4 | NW1 | IG9 | SE10 | SE13 | W1M | DA17 | E9 | SE18 | EN2 | E10 | TW11 | SW13 | SW20 | TW1 | TW5 | UB9 | SW12 | N1 | IG8 | NW4 | EN3 | SW2 | IG11 | EN5 | UB1 | UB2 | SE23 | SE16 | TW4 | W4 | EN6 | W13 | SW9 | TW16 | DA8 | E2 | SW10 | TW18 | SE19 | SE22 | N14 | EC4 | W8 | SW8 | N19 | E8 | SW5 | SE28 | TW9 | EN7 | BR2 | DA2 | TW20 | N15 | N22 | E11 | IG1 | UB7 | TW14 | E17 | NW2 | IG3 | DA14 | W10 | DA1 | EC2 | DA11 | SE25 | E7 | DA3 | EN10 | W11 | UB8 | N20 | DA16 | SE2 | W3 | EN9 | SW11 | UB5 | SE15 | SW16 | N16 | SE20 | SE1 | SE12 | TW8 | SW19 | EN1 | DA10 | N21 | SE27 | SW18 | W9 | BR8 | SW1 | SW15 | E5 | TW17 | E6 | SE8 | EN11 | SW17 | N10 | SW6 | N9 | DA9 | N6 | BR6 | SW1A\nGoldhawk Road | Southwark | Surrey Quays | Old Ford | Meopham Green | Vauxhall | Lea Bridge | Norwood | Stone | Stamford Brook | South Tottenham | Southgate | Queen's Park | Cricklewood | Bexley | Westminster Bridge | Castlenau | Walworth | Streatham Common | Battersea | Egham | Piccadilly Circus | Eltham | East Sheen | Fulham Broadway | Notting Hill | Lower Clapton | West Drayton | Teddington | Putney | Swanscombe | Hackney Wick | Thamesmead | Holloway Road | Highbury | Whitechapel | Blackheath Park | Pentonville | Kennington | Edgware Road | Thorpe | Warren Street | Finsbury Park | Knightsbridge | Barbican | Bellingham | Bedford Park | Bexleyheath | Blackfriars | Perivale | Barnet | Lavender Hill | Lower Sydenham | Custom House | Canary Wharf | Bowes Park | Northfleet | Feltham | Western Avenue | Vigo Village | Downe | West Wickham | Tottenham | South Wimbledon | Barkingside | Wapping | Sole Street | Fawkham Green | Hythe End | Farnborough | Walthamstow | Wanstead Park | Victoria Docks | Ham House | West Dulwich | Bumble's Green | Hampstead Garden Suburb | Foots Cray | Canary Wharf | Bank | Regent Street | Church End | Ham | Camberwell | Catford | Ravenscourt Park | Barnes Bridge | Heron Quays | Victoria | Brentford | West Hendon | East Dulwich | Kennington | Palmers Green | Stepney Green | Lambeth | Highgate Wood | Stratford Marsh | Yiewsley | Horniman Museum | Island Gardens | Twickenham | Maida Vale | Riverside | Southall | Newington Green | East India Dock Road | Hayes | Holland Park | Stockwell | Capel Manor | Crayford | East Barnet | Acton | Oakleigh Park | Monken Hadley | West Acton | St John's Wood | Grange Park | Lisson Grove | Latimer Road | Ealing Common | Kingston upon Thames | Bushy Park | Wandsworth Road | Clapton | Lea Bridge | Upper Holloway | Wood Green | Muswell Hill | Keston | Betsham | Lane End | Lewisham | Uxbridge | Erith Marshes | South Acton | Hammersmith & Fulham | Marble Hill | Holloway Road | Summerstown | Pimlico | Tooting Bec | Bank | Warwick Park | Tulse Hill | Kensal Green | Penge | Green Park | Higham Hill | St Mary Cray | Green Street Green | Turnham Green | Bounds Green | Boston Manor | Fulham Palace Road | Kilburn Park | Marble Arch | Great North Way | Woodford Bridge | West Heath | Fleet Street | Millwall | Locksbottom | Harvel | Hanworth | Westminster | Western Avenue | Gravesend | Clapham | Holborn | Wimbledon Common | Nine Elms | London Arena | Barking | Bostall Woods | North Cray | Blackwall | West Hill | Flamstead End | Istead Rise | Cobham | Uxbridge Road | Devons Road | Furzedown | North Finchley | Great Portland Street | Mill Hill | Shooter's Hill | Hoxton | Aldgate East | Commercial Road | North Acton | Woodford Green | Winchmore Hill | East Wickham | Old Street | Greenhithe | Dulwich | Ludgate Hill | Farringdon | Marylebone | Cannon Street | Cheapside | Kew | Brent Cross | Little Ilford | Crockenhill | Woolwich | Brompton | Chiswick Park | Beckenham | Greenford | Seven Sisters Road | Earl's Court | Earlsfield | Colindale | Honor Oak | Merton | Luddesdown | Beckton | East Dulwich | Chislehurst Caves | Turnford | Woodside Park | Kilburn | Osterley Park | Marylebone | Forest Gate | Silvertown | Limehouse | Erith | Harefield | Coldblow | Cockfosters | Charlton | Merton | High Street Kensington | Cromwell Road | Bromley Common | Poplar | Richmond upon Thames | Mile End | Norwood Green | Plashet | Park Lane | Spitalfields | St James's Park | Regents Park | Kingsbury | Turnpike Lane | Chelsfield | Sipson | Hainault | Kensal Town | Rye Lane | Hammond Street | Leaves Green | Wimbledon | New Kent Road | Broxbourne | Hyde Park Corner | Tooting Graveney | Aldgate | Finchley Central | Billingsgate | New Barnet | Shorne Ridgeway | Olympia | Herne Hill | Canonbury | Soho | Harringay | Deptford | Tooting Broadway | Shepperton | Eden Park | Hailey | Gospel Oak | Peckham Rye | Southwark | Wraysbury | Mudchute | Hither Green | Acton Town | Moorgate | Regent's Park | Broad Street | Oakwood | Fenton Ho. | Elephant & Castle | Upton Park | Shorne | Islington | Whetstone | Wrotham Park | South Kensington | Richmond | Honor Oak Park | Ealing | Parsons Green | Harmondsworth | Goff's Oak | Lee Green | Upshire | Hillingdon | North End | Balham | Stonebridge Park | Chalk Farm | Southfleet | Upper Halliford | Loughton | Down House | East Putney | South Darenth | Redbridge | Notting Hill Gate | Vauxhall Bridge | South Hackney | Chingford Hatch | Hornsey Lane | Clapham Common | Hanger Lane | Tower Hill | Cooper's Hill | St John's | Lesnes Abbey | Kensington Gore | Slade Green | Hounslow East | Camer | Nazeing | Westbourne Park | Church End | Cromwell Road | Colliers Wood | Ealing | Pratt's Bottom | West Ealing | Hornsey Rise | Mornington Crescent | Wormley | West Ham | High Barnet | Wandsworth Common | Kensington & Chelsea | Finsbury | Wandsworth | Avery Hill | West Hampstead | Noel Park | Elmers End | Southfields | East Finchley | Chiswick High Road | Lambeth North | West Brompton | Upper Sydenham | White City | Stoke Newington | West Kensington | Essex Road | Haggerston | Thong | Clapham North | Belsize Park | Totteridge | South Mimms | Dalston Junction | Waltham Forest | Paddington | Kingsland | Blackhorse Road | Fulham | Grange Hill | Dartford | Denham | Cowley | Dartmouth Park | Welling | Barnes | Friern Barnet | Hounslow | North Woolwich | Cyprus | Forty Hill | Putney Vale | Hale End | Brompton | Lower Holloway | Enfield | Cheyne Walk | Crofton Park | Thamesmead | Hadley Wood | Holloway | Homerton | North Dulwich | Hextable | Mile End Road | Sutton at Hone | Hanwell | Leyton Marshes | Angel | Goswell Road | Lancaster Gate | Pudding Mill Lane | Plaistow | Dollis Hill | Rotherhithe | Upper Walthamstow | Bow Church | Edmonton | Gunnersbury | Heston | Shoreditch | Haydons Road | South Quay | Stratford | Hendon Central | West Norwood | Great West Road | Brockley | Southwark Cathedral | Brondesbury Park | Southgate | Abbey Road | Smithfield | Northaw | Maida Vale | Cheshunt | Newington | Cranley Gardens | Gilwell Park | Docklands | Balls Pond Road | Kentish Town | Northfields | Ponders End | Richmond Park | Anerley | Aldersbrook | Shacklewell | Camden | Hoddesdon | Chelsea Embankment | Drayton Green | Ranger's House | Bushey Mead | Coldharbour | East Ham | Chigwell | Ilford | Fenchurch Street | Holborn Viaduct | Archway | Horseferry Road | Hayes | St Pancras | Hackney | Osidge | Lewisham | Staines | Willesden | Lower Edmonton | Stockwell | Brook Green | Hackney Marshes | Wimbledon Park | Hackney | Cranford | Canning Town | Loughborough Junction | Fortune Green | Stanwell | Alexandra Park | Clapton Park | Tower Hamlets | North Ealing | Bromley | Clapham Junction | West Green | Shadwell | Stamford Hill | West Finchley | Bermondsey | South Norwood | The Hyde | Hendon | Victoria Park | High Beach | Bromley by Bow | Singlewell or Ifield | Upper Edmonton | Tottenham Court Road | Hartley | New Eltham | Stroud Green | Brondesbury | Ladbroke Grove | Bow Road | Shoreditch | Kew Gardens | Farningham | Nunhead | Hammersmith | Hawley | Bermondsey | Westbourne Green | Hampstead Heath | West India Quay | Hyde Park | Buckhurst Hill | Maida Hill | Seven Kings | Tower of London | Chalk | Golders Hill Park | Upper Tooting | Alexandra Palace | Bow | Upper Clapton | White Hart Lane | Streatham Hill | Goodge Street | Edgware Road | South Street | Sands End | Goldhawk Road | Harlesden | Acton Green | Old Kent Road | Bean | Grove Park | Waltham Cross | Westferry | Harringay | Fulham Palace Road | Mortlake | South Hampstead | London Wall | Rye Park | Green Street Green | Mansion House | Liverpool Street | New Ash Green | Euston | Culverstone Green | Hampton | Bishopsgate | Deptford | Manor Park | Hyde Park | Cubitt Town | Denmark Hill | Finchley Road | Highgate | Ickenham | St Paul's | Copse Hill | Tulse Hill | All Saints | Waterloo | Bond Street | Hornsey Vale | Sydenham | Belvedere | Newham | Kidbrooke | Swanley | Willesden Green | Sewardstone | Finchley | Oxford Circus | Mottingham | Roehampton | Woodside | Chislehurst | Gipsy Hill | Hounslow Central | Manor House | London Bridge | Boston Manor | Elthorne Park | Palmers Green | Gloucester Road | Ladywell | Highwood Hill | Knockholt Station | Westbourne Grove | Hornsey | Golders Green | Waltham Abbey | Paddington | Drayton Park | Stamford Hill | Hampstead | Sydenham Hill | Hounslow | Meopham | Sloane Square | New Barn | Neasden | Kensal Rise | New Cross | Upper Norwood | Bedford Park | Osterley | St Paul's Cray | Caledonian Road | Barons Court | Eynsford | West Kilburn | Holders Hill | New Cross Gate | Spitalbrook | Buckingham Palace | Northolt | Norwood Junction | Bowes Park | Shepherds Bush | Seven Sisters | Barnsbury | Copthall | South Bank | Kenwood House | Rocks Lane | Walthamstow Central | Euston Square | Coldharbour Lane | Orpington | South Ealing | Well Hill | Englefield Green | Upton | Fairlop Waters | Grove Park | Bethnal Green | Stepney | Ridge | Hammersmith | Blackheath | Broadley Common | Rotherhithe | Chelsea | Hayes | Littleton | Raynes Park | Monument | Stonebridge | Lambeth | Perry Street | Shooter's Hill | Chigwell Row | Stanwell Moor | Highams Park | Islington | Holland Park | North Kensington | Wanstead | East India | Childs Hill | South Woodford | Mill Hill East | Fortis Green | Crystal Palace | Vauxhall | Chiswick | Peckham | Chingford Green | Queensway | Lambeth | Horton Kirby | Oval | Isleworth | Ealing Broadway | Aldersgate | Chelsea | Muswell Hill | Enfield Chase | Lower Place | Warwick Avenue | Hampstead Garden Suburb | Kensal Rise | Leytonstone | Trent Park | Cottenham Park | New Southgate | Potters Bar | Broadgate | Willesden Junction | Royal Oak | Brixton | Lee | Newington Green | Snaresbrook | Creekmouth | Leyton | Botany Bay | City of Westminster | Camden Town | Shoreditch | Yeading | Oxford Street | Ladbroke Grove | Deptford High Street | Haringey | East Acton | Syon House | Abbey Wood | Longfield Hill | Wilmington | Longford | Ladywell | East Bedfont | Putney Heath | Crystal Palace | Highbury and Islington | Greenwich | Wandsworth Town | Bickley | Queens Road | Park Royal | Norbury | Kensington | Mayfair | Arsenal | Westway | Sunbury | Woodford | Old Oak Common | Tottenham Hale | Churchgate | Lower Nazeing | Belgravia | Westminster Abbey | Hatton | Clapham South | Arkley | Dalston | Queen's Gate | Sidcup | Brompton Road | Baker Street | Camden Lock | Ashford | Swiss Cottage | Bayswater Road | Bayswater | Cuffley | Darenth | South Lambeth | Somers Town | Denham Green | Streatham | Crouch End | Hounslow West | Longfield | St Lukes | Clerkenwell | Tufnell Park | Borough | Well Hall | Totteridge and Whetstone | Laleham | Chingford | East Barnet | Chiswick House | Hook Green | Plumstead | Enfield | Marylebone | Primrose Hill | Colney Hatch | Putney Bridge | Forest Hill | Temple Mills", "label": "No"}
{"text": "project igi game | wassup software | wifi password cracker | project management exams | project management 6 | n73 edition mp3 | project management excel | bluetooth software for | r project | project management training | mobile phone locator | keyman amharic software | failed project management | project management microsoft | mobile antivirus software\nPlease be aware that Brothersoft do not supply any crack, patches, serial numbers or keygen for AutomateIT! Pro Project Management,and please consult directly with program authors for any problem with AutomateIT! Pro Project Management.\njar software | agile project management wiki | mp3 cutter software | mobile phone pc suite | project of computer management | microsoft works task launcher | project management system | instagram for macbook pro download | gmail software | samsung mobile software | adobe writer | free cell phone flash software | project accounting management | project management document | n70 nokia pc suite | p2m project management | project management monitoring | youtube mobile software | www.nokia n72 software.com | conference project management | nokia n73 software | m .s project", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Wall Water Features Indoor Interior Wall Features Indoor Water Fountains Amazing Interior Water Features Interior Stone Wall Features Indoor Wall Hanging Water Fountains\nwall water features indoor interior wall features indoor water fountains amazing interior water features interior stone wall features indoor wall hanging water fountains.\nindoor wall water features uk diy fountains interior waterfalls unique and custom large,indoor wall water features melbourne mounted drinking fountains fountain pond waterfall contractors city area hanging,indoor wall mounted water fountains glass features lightweight slate hanging waterfalls feature supply,indoor wall water features melbourne modern soothing ultimate home ideas glass,indoor wall hanging water features mounted fountains for homes lavish,wall fountains indoor modern water features diy melbourne,indoor wall hanging water fountains features glass indoors fountain homes,modern indoor wall water features mounted uk dancing bubble waterfall feature,glass wall water features indoor fountains shop fountain melbourne mounted drinking,glass wall water features indoor modern rooms with an feature melbourne.\n- February 26, 2018\n- no tag\n- Comments (0)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "5 Bedroom Property For Sale in Ojo\nWe have a total of 5 5 Bedroom Property For Sale in Ojo as seen on 18 Aug 2023. These properties posted on this site are posted by real estate agents in Ojo. Refine your property search in Ojo by price, number of beds and type of property.\nAbakaliki | Abeokuta | Abuja Phase 1 | Abuja Phase 2 | Abuja Phase 3 | Abuja Phase 4 | Abule Egba | Agege | Ajah | Alimosho | Amuwo Odofin | Anambra Area | Apapa | Asaba | Badagry | Benin | Calabar | Central | Ebute Metta | Egbe Idimu | Ejigbo | Ekiti Area | Enugu Area | Epe | Ezeagu | Festac | Gbagada | Ibadan | Ibeju Lekki | Ifako Ijaiye | Ifo | Ijebu | Ikeja | Ikorodu | Ikotun Igando | Ikoyi | Ilorin | Ilupeju | Ipaja | Isolo | Jos North | Kaduna Area | Kosofe Ikosi | Lagos Extension | Lagos Island | Lekki | Lokoja | Maryland | Mushin | Ogba | Ogun Area | Ojo | Ojodu | Ojota | Ondo Area | Onitsha South | Oredo | Orile | Oshimili | Oshimili North | Oshodi | Osun Area | Ota | Owerri | Plateau Area | Port Harcourt | Sangotedo | Shomolu | Surulere | Taraba Area | Uyo | Victoria Island | Warri | Yaba\nResult 1 - 5 of 5\n- Filter by:\n- With Photo\n1 - 5 of 5 Results\nAvg. price: N45M", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Help Cut Concrete co2 Emissions By Slowing Concrete Production\n- What Does Concrete Leveling Cost And How Do You Know If You’re Getting A Deal?\n- Three Reasons To Level Concrete Slabs For Houston’s Mild Winter\n- When It Comes To Your Pool, Cheap And Easy May End Up Costing More\n- Permeable Concrete. Sidewalks, Curbs And Driveways Of The Future?\nbenefits of concrete leveling benefits of polyjacking cement floor leveling cement leveling cement lifting cement slab lifting commercial concrete leveling commercial concrete repair concrete floor leveling contractors concrete leveler concrete levelers concrete leveling concrete leveling compound concrete leveling contractor concrete leveling contractors concrete leveling cost concrete leveling services concrete leveling solutions concrete lifting concrete mudjacking concrete raising concrete raising solutions concrete repair driveway damage driveway repair expansion joint filler expansion joint repair foundation lifting Houston Concrete Leveling level concrete leveling cement floor leveling concrete polyjacking pool deck repair raise concrete raising concrete sinking concrete sinking driveway sinking pool deck slab lifting sunken concrete repair Tilted Concrete Solutions uneven concrete Void Fill Winter Weather", "label": "No"}
{"text": "VRBA Law, PLLC\nAttorney: Rudy \"Glynn\" Vrba\n121 W. Hickory, Denton, TX 76201\nDefense Attorney Advertising. This website is designed for general information only. The information presented at this site should not be construed to be formal legal advice nor the formation of a lawyer/client relationship.\nProudly Serving Clients in the Following Areas:\nArgyle | Aubrey | Corinth | Denton | Highland Village | Justin | Krugerville | Krum | Lake Dallas | Lakewood Village | Little Elm | Oak Point | Pilot Point | Roanoke | Sanger | The Colony | Flower Mound | Hebron | Prosper | Trophy Club | Westlake | Bartonville | Copper Canyon | Corral City | Cross Roads | DISH | Double Oak | Hackberry | Hickory Creek | Lincoln Park | Northlake | Ponder | Providence Village | Shady Shores | Lantana | Paloma Creek | Savannah\nDefense Attorney in Denton, TX", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fiberglass Fountain Base\nIndoor tabletop water fountain india tabletop : home. Aged tree trunk tabletop water fountain w/led lights. Alpine fiberglass leaf tabletop fountain with led light. Small table water fountain for home decor , tabletop. Meditation tabletop water fountain with led lights by. Buddha indoor tabletop water fountain with led light feng shui tabletop water fountain, water. Tabletop water fountain with cascading rock waterfall and led lights. New tabletop rock indoor tabletop water fountain led lights table waterfall mist ebay. Tabletop water fountain soothing rock falls w/led lights. Tabletop waterfall inspirational led lights for water.\nWater fountains tabletop fountain tabletop outdoor. Led small tabletop fountain, home office desktop water. Zingz thingz lotus tabletop fiberglass water fountain.\nBest tabletop fountain ideas: tabletop water fountain pump. Tabletop water fountain table water fountain sphere. Tabletop water fountain indoor fountains tabletop water fountains. Tabletop indoor rock water fountain home decor water. Tabletop cross led fountain mediterranean indoor water. Tabletop water fountains with lights tabletop : home.\nFountains : tabletop water fountain with rustic jugs and led lights. Tabletop water fountain with led lights in stones from home garden. Tabletop water fountain soothing rock falls w/led lights. Buddha indoor tabletop water fountain tabletop : home. Tabletop fountains tabletop leaves water fountain. Water fountain led lights indoor water fountain with led lights. Waterdrop tabletop water fountain indoor tabletop. Fountain tabletop water fountain water fountains home decoration.\nTabletop water fountain target tabletop : home design. Tabletop waterfall fountains tabletop water fountain indoor led. Indoor water fountain led lights waterfall tabletop home indoor. Water garden natural cascading tabletop fountain stone waterfall led lights home indoor. Tabletop fountain cross led garden zen cascade water #fountain.\nTabletop water fountain manufacturers and suppliers best price tabletop water fountain for. Sunnydaze hollowed log led tabletop water fountain. Curved stream tabletop water fountain w/ led lights indoor desk home. Fiberglass/resin tabletop fountain with led light. Led small tabletop fountain, home office desktop water features. Tabletop water garden tabletop water fountain fortune. Zingz thingz fiberglass lotus tabletop water fountain. Tabletop water fountain malaysiaangel water fountain.\nWater fountain candles indoor tabletop water fountain. Tabletop water fountain indoor electric led lights 9 inch. Alpine buddha fiberglass tabletop fountain with led light.\nThingz lotus tabletop fiberglass water fountain reviews wayfair. Water fountain lights led lights for water fountains led. Water fountain polyresin tabletop water fountain. Home fountains cascading water tabletop fountain ].", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Ben 10: The Alien Generation\n- Out of Time\nNovalien is a humanoid alien covered in a hard black shell casing. His head is shaped like a bomb and his fists are bombs. He has rocket feet and he wears the Ultimatrix/Omnitrix symbol on his chest. It is not known whether he will be redesigned for Season 5.\nNovalien's exoskeletal body is immune to mana, in all forms, and he can dispatch his hands as projectile bombs that explode on impact. His hands regrow after dispatching. He can fly using his feet as rockets.\n- He is planned to return in Season 5.\n- His full-colour design will be on the same sheet as Kelvin, Aardaunt, Drousand and Ultimate Drousand.\n|Wildmutt | Four Arms | Grey Matter | XLR8 | Upgrade | Diamondhead | Ripjaws | Stinkfly | Ghostfreak | Heatblast | Cannonbolt | Wildvine | Upchuck | Ditto | Eye Guy | Benwolf | Benmummy | Benvicktor | Way Big | Eon|\n|Goop | Swampfire | Chromastone | Big Chill | Humungousaur | Brainstorm | Jetray | Spidermonkey | Echo Echo | Alien X | Lodestar | Nanomech | Rath|\n|Water Hazard | Terraspin | Armodrillo | NRG | AmpFibian | Fasttrack | ChamAlien | Shocksquatch | Eatle | Clockwork | Jury Rigg|\n|Ultimate Swampfire | Ultimate Big Chill | Ultimate Humungousaur | Ultimate Spidermonkey | Ultimate Echo Echo | Ultimate Cannonbolt | Ultimate Wildmutt | Ultimate Way Big | Ultimate Ben | Ultimate Rath | Ultimate Drousand | Ultimate Blizard | Ultimate Novalien | Ultimate Cranine | Ultimate Eviscor | Ultimate Trojan | Ultimate Nectyr|\n|Gravattack | Bloxx | Feedback | Ball Weevil | Crashhopper | Kickin Hawk | The Worst | Molestache | Pesky Dust | Walkatrout | Astrodactyl | Articguana | Toepick|\n|The Alien Generation|\n|Drousand | Blizard | Novalien | Aardaunt | Bugroot | Cranine | Cycumulus | Dolfin | Electrocity | Eviscor | Neptide | Transylver | Trojan | Payback | Rodemic | Moskyto | Nectyr | Quartzu | Vitanium | Porkchop | Tweeza | Fernafrost | Kelvin | Infinitus | Tornadoom | Arthrophantom | Yakrush | Zombaa | Orbit | Ballistic | Formin | Nexavole | Lograv | Peletort | Hedgemaze | Bumblee | Trotter | Packing Derm | Intellect | Babloon|\n|Brutabear | Yuckfly | Early Bird | Dogment | Air Raid | Robricks | Battry | Splatz | Growth Spurt | Weal | Kingmane | Crabbler|\n|Ultimate 4 Alien|\n|Pin Ball | Howl | Steam Roller | Insectaroo|\n|Dylan 11: Ultimate Evolution|\n|Ampethyst | Splitfire | Gigantosore | Terrorfirma | Slate | Thorn | Malefic | Metal Waste | DylanAlt | Orbliterate | TerraBite | Gravitation | Mass Bulk | Infinite Ampethyst | Infinite Slate | Infinite Malefic|\n|Snakepit | Atomix | Shellhead | Sandbox | Rocks | Squidstrictor | Spitter | Buzzshock | Mot Snikrep | Sploot|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "8 Forsythe Place Oatlands\nDesigned by iDraft Architects, we were asked to manage the construction of a 22 room boarding house.\nWith a Caltex Line running through the property the construction required piling, excavating and construction close to the high pressure pipeline. Along with our architects, we undertook a Safety Management course which specifically went through all the restrictions imposed on the design and construction around the pipeline. This course resulted in a Safety Management Study report specifically for the project.\nThe design and construction of the boarding house was functional in design and utilised the space effectively, meeting the needs of the client.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "tsp for cleaning concrete.\nconcrete dyes colors concrete stain quick dye acetone based stain behr concrete dye color chart concrete dyes color chart.\ngreenhouse raised bed design design ideas for small bathrooms uk background design ideas drawing.\nconcrete tubing how to install tubing in a concrete slab pex pipe concrete slab pex tubing in concrete floor.\ngray painted brick house white painted brick ranch gray painted brick house painted brick exteriors painted brick house with gray dark grey painted brick house dark gray painted brick house.\ndiy stain concrete patio acid stain concrete acid stain concrete floor floors stamped patios pictures acid stain concrete diy stain concrete porch.\nhow to remove paint from concrete patio remove concrete floor removing built up residue from surface preparation carpet pad glue latex paint dried remove paint from concrete remove latex paint from co.\ndiy concrete paver patio over concrete thin concrete patio maintenance over concrete building a paver patio over concrete laying concrete patio pavers.\nconcrete cracks concrete control joints to prevent concrete cracks this unwritten law of concrete may as well concrete cracks repair concrete cracks around pool.\nconcrete countertop vs granite concrete granite look concrete countertops diy concrete countertops over granite.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This image can be used commercially\nNumber 12 Tram, Station Road, Ilkeston, c 1910\nAbout this image\nCar number 12 at the Station Road Terminus on River Erewash Bridge. Ilkeston junction houses at the rear.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1. gear type oil pump made from automotive oil pump design has the character of gear oil pump application . Processed by powder metallurgy technology, it has an eliminated coarse and uneven casting structure\n2. The product creates a stylish and comfortable area for people to live, play, or work. To some extent, it has improved people's life quality. The product is not easy to get deformed\n3. Because gear type oil pump has many strong points such asautomotive oil pump design , it is widely used in the field. The product comes with pretty precise dimensions\n4. gear type oil pump has many superior benefits, such as the automotive oil pump design . It delivers ideal oil pressure to the engine without creating excess load\n5. Being a automotive oil pump design product, gear type oil pump has such properties as gear oil pump application . The product makes little noise during the operation\n1. TAIZHOU LIZHONG PUMP MFG CO.,LTD. is a domestic key enterprise in gear type oil pump production.\n2. All LIZHONG products meet the requirements of international standards.\n3. TAIZHOU LIZHONG PUMP MFG CO.,LTD. is committed to strengthening the spirit of automotive oil pump design . Inquire online!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Clock gating and power gating are the two most widely used techniques to reduce dynamic power and leakage power respectively. It is desired that these two techniques can be integrated. In this paper, activity-driven optimized bus specific clock gating (OBSC) is applied to reduce dynamic power, and the enable signal generated by OBSC is used as the sleep signal for power gating. The power gated cells are determined by a proposed forward traversing algorithm. Moreover, minimum idle time concept is used to determine if the insertion of power gating will gain energy reduction. In order to evaluate our technique, ISCAS’89 circuits have been experimented. The simulation results prove that 25.07% dynamic power can be reduced by OBSC, and 45.12% active leakage power can be saved by power gating.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cannons Motor Spares And Accessories\nCategory: Auto Accessories\nCustomer reviewsWrite a review\nCannons Motor Spares And Accessories's Keywords\nmotor | garage | domestic cleaning | paint | First Aid | fire extinguishers | car spares | paper products | protective clothing | cleaning materials | floor cleaning | Battery chargers | first aid kits | car security | Brake pads | fuel injection | shock absorbers | seat covers | cans | air filter | roof racks | Motor Spares | car shampoo | Puncture Repair | Brake shoes | body panels | oil filter | floor mats | brake repair | paint brushes | BRAKE DRUMS | fuel pumps | domestic lighting | brake fluid | car covers | air condition | security product | coil springs | hydraulic cylinder | ratchet straps | cable connectors | Floor Paints | Glow plugs | mirror glass | clutch kits | brake disc | fan belts | Screen Wash | diesel pump | Disc Brake | fuel hose | fog lamps | brake caliper | car floor mats | Safety Belts | battery tester | air brakes | fuel cans | Radiator Caps | booster cables | Caliper Brake | Clutch Cable | Cell Battery | camshaft kits | Inspection Lamps | C V Joints | foot pumps | Brake Bleeding | Heater Radiators | Motor Spares And Accessories | Mutton Cloth | Oil Measures | Body Solder | Brakes Air\nIs Cannons Motor Spares And Accessories in United Kingdom your business?\nClaim your listing and attract more leads by adding more content, photos and other business details.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "为探究双模式消声器气流再生噪声，搭建了消声器试验台架，采用双传声器传递函数法和消声器静态传递损失法，在不同进口流速下，测量了双模式消声器在阀门关闭和打开状态下出口端气流再生噪声入射声功率和尾管噪声。试验结果表明，阀门打开时气流再生噪声与尾管噪声均降低，出口端气流再生噪声入射声功率最高下降1.1 dB，尾管噪声最高下降2.3 dB，直接验证了双模式消声器有助于降低气流再生噪声的特点。在试验基础上，建立了双模式消声器三维模型，通过Fluent有限元软件对消声器内部流场进行数值仿真，获得了消声器内部压力、气流流速及湍动能的分布特性。仿真结果表明，阀门打开时消声器内部压力、气流流速及湍动能均比阀门关闭时低。仿真和试验结果基本吻合。\nIn order to explore the flow regeneration noise of the dual-mode muffler, a test bench was built. The flow regeneration noise and tailpipe noise were measured with the valve closed and opened respectively at different inlet flow rates by the methods of dual-microphone transfer function and the muffler static transmission loss. The test results show that the flow regeneration noise and the tailpipe noise are both reduced when the valve is opened, and the incident sound power of the flow regeneration noise at the outlet drops down to 1.1 dB, and the tailpipe noise down to 2.3 dB, which directly proves that the dual-mode muffler can help reduce the flow regeneration noise. Based on the test, a three-dimensional model of the muffler was built, and the flow field simulation inside the muffler was performed by Fluent, obtaining the distribution characteristics of pressure, airflow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. The simulation results indicate that pressure, airflow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy of the muffler are reduced when the valve is opened. The simulation and experimental results are basically in agreement.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Piloted Unloader Valves\nProduct number: B Series\nPiloted unloader valves are used in constant speed applications where there are no intake unloaders present.\nThey incorporate a discharge unloader on the body of a pilot valve to allow one valve to sense system pressure and vent discharge air to atmosphere. At load pressure, the pilot valve closes the discharge unloader and the compressor returns to normal operation.\nPiloted unloader valves require a separate check valve from which a line must be run to the discharge inlet.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The fuel transfer pump is located on the bottom of the 3406B/C pump housing and on the side of the 3304B or 3306B/C pump housing. It is activated by the eccentric on the fuel pump camshaft inside the housing and can deliver up to 51 gallons of fuel per hour at 25 psi.\nThis is a spring pumping piston type pump where actual fuel pressure on the engine may vary from 20-45 psi depending on engine operating conditions. The pump only supplies what the engine requires, plus the amount returned to tank. (About 9 gallons per hour). It is a single piston, single action pump with three one-way check valves. The check valves are: inlet, pumping and outlet. This drawing shows that pumping and fill occur on the same pump stroke. Here, the tappet is almost completely extended and the return spring has forced the piston to the top of the pump. This upward motion of the piston opens the inlet check valve and fuel enters the inlet cavity (green). The pumping check valve at the top of the piston is closed and the piston pushes fuel into the outlet cavity (red). This pressurized fuel opens the outlet check valve at the outlet port. There is no pressure relief valve in this pump because fuel outlet pressure is controlled by the force of the piston spring.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introduction » Fabrics » by Clothes » Leggings/Capris » QUITARA (Base Fabric)\nThese fabrics can be used for leggings/capris QUITARA - the base part.\nFabrics that can be used for the side detail of this model can be found here.\nBack to Capris QUITARA\nCreated by the system www.fast-webshop.com", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Equipment: Sullair air compressor\nUse conditions: Use temperature 5℃～45℃, pH 2～10, suggested gas-water ratio 15:1～20:1;\nNote 1: The designed flux of water yield under working condition (0.04MPa, water temperature 25℃, 10~15L/m²·h) is different according to system design and raw water quality, so please contact the company before design;\n2: The collecting pipe is DN32, ABS pipe;\n3: The initial flux of pure water is greater than 40L∕m²·h.\n1. Maximum input power (KW): 230-1000;\n2. Maximum input torque (N.M): 1313-8130;\n3. Maximum input speed (RPM): 1900-3000;\n4. Single pump output maximum power (KW): 150-520;\n5. Single pump maximum output torque (N.M): 580-2926;\n6. Speed ratio range: 0.55- 1.13.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|\n|미국특허분류(USC)||222/146.6; 222/001; 222/014; 222/065; 222/066; 222/129.1; 222/134; 222/135; 222/145.5|\n|§371/§102 date||20100210 (20100210)|\n|발명자 / 주소|\n|출원인 / 주소|\n|대리인 / 주소||\n|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 2 인용 특허 : 10|\nA semi-frozen beverage dispenser with an improved flow proportioning mechanism is provided. In a filling cycle, a first valve regulating the syrup flow opens first to deliver a predetermined volume before it closes and a second valve regulating the water flow opens to deliver a volume according to the desired water to syrup ratio. A common flow sensor measures the liquid flow volume for both the syrup and water and provides the information to the control system. If it takes too long to deliver the expected volume, the system gives out a liquid-low warnin...\n1. A semi-frozen beverage dispenser comprising: a mixing container;a first valve situated in a syrup pathway for regulating a syrup flow into the mixing container;a second valve situated in a diluent pathway for regulating a diluent flow into the mixing container;a flow sensor situated downstream of both valves and upstream of the mixing container for generating a signal relating to the volume of any liquid flow that has passed by the sensor; anda control system in electronic communication with the flow sensor for receiving its signal, the control system...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Image Number 2 for United States Patent #5322216.\nAn apparatus accurately controls output water temperature of an instantaneous water heater to maintain a desired outlet temperature. A first electronic sensing device senses a flow of water through the heater, and an ignition sequence commences when flow has been detected. A second electronic sensing device senses an outlet water temperature of the heater, and a third electronic sensing device senses a midway water temperature of the heater. The burner output or outputs are controlled to maintain the desired outlet temperature, based on changes in water flow and incoming water temperature. With multiple burners, the burner outputs are staged to accurately control the output water temperature of the instantaneous water heater to maintain the desired outlet temperature.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Next Quote : James D Miles : You can easily judge the ...\nPrev Quote : Alyssa Milano : I've dated the sweet mama's ...\nA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z\nMotivational Quotes |\nSelected Topics |\nBartlett Familiar Quotations |\nCopyright Quotatio 2006-2013", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Where to pick up the best Solar Water Pump? - In today's economic climate it's important to get the most you can for your purchasing money. So there's no rationale to over pay for Solar Water Pump when you will find hundreds of them available on eBay. Plus, eBay is among the biggest and most trustworthy web based buying sites in the world. This site is sanctioned by eBay to enable you to get the Solar Water Pump you're looking for and show them to you. If you don't see the Solar Water Pump you're looking for below, use the search function on your left, or use one of the latest Solar Water Pump queries in the list. Should you not already have an Ebay account, it is extremely easy to open one whilst buying your Solar Water Pump, just click on the item that you wish to purchase and you will be directed straight to the main eBay site whereupon you can open an account at the same time as making your Solar Water Pump purchase. Good luck and Enjoy your discounts!\nSolar Water Pump Previously Purchased:\nsolar power cooker cd 38 bks water heater homesteading pump dryer vol 1 of 4, solar power water pump garden fountain pool plant watering submersible pump yuno, 2pcs 24v dc solar water pump dc50a2450s large flow rate 3600lh 5m submersible, dc 12v 24v 1000lh hot water circulation pump solar brushless motor 55m lift, new solar panel power submersible fountain pond water pump garden watering us ek, solar water pump power panel kit fountain pool garden pond submersible watering, solar power water panel fountain pump kit pool garden pond watering submersible, solar powered water pump garden fountain floating panel watering pond kit for wa, lotus fountain 7v 14w lotus leaf floating water pump solar panel garden plants, top selling dc solar submersible water pump potable watebatteryalternate energy, 2pcs solar power panel water kit pump fountain pool garden pond watering set hm, 800lh 5m dc 12v24v solar brushless motor water circulation water pump, floating solar powered water fountain garden pump pond for bird bath tank pool, 2pcs solar power panel water pump fountain pool garden pond watering kit usa tb, green lotus leaf shape solar powered garden pool water floating pump fountain, amarine made 24v submersible deep dc solar well water pump bm, solarpowerfountainwaterpumpfloatingplantwateringgardenpondpool, solar power fountain water pump panel pond submersible watering as1800715b ln, floating bird bath solar power fountain garden water panel pump kit pool pond js, outdoor solar powered bird bath water fountain pump for pool garden aquarium, floating lotusshaped solar powered water pump fountain pond bird bath tank, solar powered panel oxygen oxygenator air pump aerator water pool pond fish tank, solar power fountain pump kit water fall display pond garden pool plant floating, floating solar powered garden water pump fountain pond for bird bath tank, solar powered floating fountain pond water pump kit outdoor garden decoration ca, solar power fountain water pump floating panel pool garden pond watering kit us, floating solar powered garden water pump fountain pond for bird bath tank us hot, floating solar powered fountain water pump for pond garden tank yard bird bath, solar power fountain pump for garden pond water pool feature submersible 12v 5w, new floating solar powered pond garden water pump fountain pond for bird bath ca, fountain water pump solar waterfall pool garden pond bird bath 15w patio decor, 14 w birdbath fountain solar power water pump panel kit submersible water, solar fountain pump water bird bath standing garden patio cute powered 14w kit, trendy solar power fountain water pump floating panel pool garden pond watering, novelty solar power fountain water pump floating panel pool garden pond watering, solar power water pump panel fountain kit pool pond garden submersible birdbath, 12v dc 240lh ultra quiet brushless motor submersible pool water pump solar 3m, solar fountain pump bird bath garden water pond floating powered tank kit pool , dc12v 240lh ultra quiet brushless motor submersible pool water pump solar hw, aeo 240410 gph dc direct current brushless submersible water pump for pets, solar panel submersible fountain pond power water pump kit garden pool wateridp, solar panel powered fountain garden pool water pump pond submersible watering, floating solar panel powered water fountain garden pump pond for garden watering, solar panel submersible fountain pond power water pump kit garden pool watering, te091 3m head 12v 480lh brushless solar circulation motor silent water pump, solar power fountain water pump panel kit pool garden pond submersible watering, solar powered floating bird fountain kit bath pump 8v 16w solar panel water, floating solar powered pond garden water pump fountain pond for bird bathtank gg, cp50 1240 12v dc solar power brushless submersible fountain pond water pump, innogear solar powered fountain pond pump bird bath fountains outdoor watering s, solar power pump bird bath fountainoenbopo solar power fountain water pump f, solar fountain hiluckey 14w solar pump bird bath fountain self powered for g, kelomtechnology solar power water pump panel kit submersible water pump for p, new air pump powerful 15w solar power panel for garden patio oxygenated water, ankway bird bath fountain water pump kit 5w solar powered for outdoor garden, brusheless solar panel power water pump for fountain pool garden plant 150lh, 150lhr solar power fountain brushless pump pond garden plants watering kit s9v3, solar water pump submersible fountain 15w for garden fish tank with 4 nozzles, sunnytech solar power water pump kits garden fountain pool watering pond pump, ultraquiet mini dc 12v 3m 240lh brushless motor submersible water pump any, submersible water pump kit solar well pump pv powered water pumping kit, new solar powered water pump garden fountain pond kit for waterfalls water disp, floating lotus leaf shape solar fountain water pump for garden pond decoration, solar powered panel brushless dc water pump kit for garden fountain pond pool, water pump power panel kit fountain pool garden pond submersible watering bp, feelle solar powered bird bath fountain pump 14w solar panel water floating pum, solar water pump for pond solar water fountain pump ousi solar for fountain sola, water pump solar power panel kit garden pond fountain outdoor patio small pumps, 25w solar panel power fountain pump builtin battery pool outdoor water garden , solar power panel kit water with filter submersible watering for gardenpool pond, 34 110v hot water circulation pump circulator pump for solar heater, solar panel powered water floating pump fountain pool watering solar pump set, solar power bird fountain 2017 outdoor water fountain pump for pool garden new, upgraded solar powered bird fountain pump hiluckey 14w solar panel kit water, feelle solar powered fountain pump 8v 16w solar panel floating water fountain, flowdaddy tunnel 30 solar powered pumping system, acsuss solar fountain free standing 15w solar panel water floating pump kit, octagonalshaped solar floating fountain water pump for garden pool plants gh, yg0615a mini solar powered water pump with solar panel for garden decoration gh, solar pump amp; panel kit 56€ lift w battery pack amp; led light pond water fountain, beckett corporation air pump solar kit new, new solar power fountain pool water pump garden sun plants watering outdoor tf, dc12v brushless motor water pump micro solar pump155m max headamp;1030lh max flow, solarpowered brushless pump kit rockery fountain garden water pond watering, solar floating lotus leaf fountain water pump garden pond decoration, 24v stainless shell submersible deep well water dc pump controllersolar panel, outdoor solar power water fountain pump for bird bath pool garden aquarium tool, solar powered floating water fountain garden plant pump pond bird bath tank pool, solar powered garden water pump fountain pond for bird bath tank garden plants, solar power water fountain garden pump pond set for bird bath tank pool plant, dc12v water oil diesel stainless steel car submersible fuel pump p9f6", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Category: Graphicriver | Vectors\nTags: cable | Chimneys | cooling tower | Countryside | Electric | Electrical | Electricity | Energy | Illustration | Industrial | Industry | Landscape | Misty | plant | Power | Power Line | pylon | Smoke | Smokestack | Station | Steam | Sunrise | Sunset | Vector | Graphicriver | Vectors | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Electricity | plant\nIn archive: 2016 | May 2016 | 21.May 2016\nElectrical Power Lines and Electricity Plant with Cooling Towers. – Fully editable vector EPS 10 , gradients and transparencies used.\nNo related items with verifed download links...\nCategory: Graphicriver | Icons\nTags: Themeforest | Muse Templates | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Energy | and | Electricity | Icon | set | Thin | line | Style\nArchives: 2016 | April 2016 | 20.April 2016\nCategory: Graphicriver | Logo Templates\nTags: Abstract | business logo | classic logo | clear logo | Creative | Electric | electric logo | Electricity | electricity logo | electriclight logo | Electro | Energy | energy logo | Industry | Light | line | Logo | Logotype | plant | power logo | PTL | single line | transmission line | Videohive | Cinema 4D Templates | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Electricity | Logo\nArchives: 2016 | May 2016 | 02.May 2016\nCategory: Videohive | Stock Footage\nTags: cable | Energy | Industrial | Industry | Morning | Power | pylon | Silhouette | Sky | Sun | Sunrise | Sunset | Support | Timelapse | Wire | Videohive | Stock Footage | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Electricity | Clouds\nArchives: 2016 | June 2016 | 12.June 2016", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Opening up the drain back holes. Valley oil line under the intake manifold. Drilled out oil main passage. Bulltear tri-flow oil filter relocation and dry sump pickup. Aviaid 6 qt road race oil pan with -12 remote oil pickup. Dual remote oil filters to increase system capacity to 8 qts. Bulltear timing cover with nickle plated oil pump housing interior. Bulltear blueprinted HRC oil pump gear set. Below is a picture of the oil filter relocation/dry sump pickup plate.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "batching plant, wholesale various low cost concrete batching plant. sponsored listing. ready mixed universal hzs90 concrete batching plant,\nworld,ccbt integrates with the improved experience and product concept to meet the requirement of high efficiency and low consumption concrete mixer, site\nproduct description 2017 new products asphalt batcher plant the technique request about capability it can be made clear that the capability of asphalt mixing plant is that\neurope's leading manufacturer with more than 3000 concrete batching plants in 160 stationary concrete batching plant for its most and low cost maintenance\nready mix concrete batching plant it is beneficial for the application of advanced with the features of less material consumption, high efficiency and low\nconcrete batch plant, ready mixed universal hzs90 concrete batching plant, 2016 new type advanced mobile concrete batching plant for sale.\nadvanced features of elkon twin universal compatibility to existing concrete plants with compact elkomix 135 stationary concrete batching plant which\nhzs35 universal concrete batching plan for hzs35 concrete batching plant is full automatic concrete mixing specifications 60m3 universal concrete batching\nmanufacturer of concrete batching plant equipment dust collector for concrete with at least one universal inlet and one concrete batching plant\ncamelway supply fixed concrete batching plant/concrete batching plant spare parts , previous story 50m3/h concrete mixing plant with low consumption;\non concrete batching plant; 1000l universal concrete batching plant is widely used in construction site because of small floor space, low energy consumption,\nhigh efficiency & low consumption, a concrete batch plant universal dry concrete batching plant shaft concrete mixer js1000 advanced\n30mm cement batching plant,concrete hzs25 concrete low cost concrete batching plant universal mini concrete low power consumption compulsory concrete\njs3000 concrete mixer; low consumption cement sand low cost concrete batching plant, low cost low low price jzc350 universal concrete mixing machine\nhigh efficiency & low consumption concrete batch plant, concrete batching plant and also named as concrete batching plant, which has advanced\na hzs120 concrete batching plant high efficiency & low consumption concrete batch plant, 120m3/h hzs120 concrete mixing plant. hzs120 120m3/h advanced\nhome > products > low cost twin shafts universal gear box concrete mixer. products list >> concrete mixer best sale central mix mobile concrete batching plant;\nmobilmat turnkey concrete batching & mixing plants; 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lowest price advanced ready mix concrete mixer js2000 low consumption;\nenergy efficient upgrade products hot concrete plant batching plants and low emission the universal hrt energy consumption of wrt s 60 tph plant as\nlow power consumption and stable low power cunsumption and low wearing and so on for the adoption of advanced concrete batching plant\ngood mixing quality, high efficiency, low energy consumption, low noise ã??ã??hzs series concrete batching plant is composed of and foreign advanced\nwe are leading voice of the market for producing and exporting of universal mobile batching plant concrete batching plants. these advanced consumption\nour asphalt mixing plant is a new kind of building machinery which is developed by combining advanced concrete mixing plant; concrete pump; crusher; mixer\nhouse,concrete house, tags low cost advanced technology stationary concrete batching plant price. hzs75 concrete batching plant,batching plant\njzc500 low price hydraulic mobile concrete mixer machine . onsite checked (advanced) a&v checked (basic) assessed supplier. concrete batching plant,\njs series twin shaft compulsory concrete mixer js500; low consumption portable mini cement mixer cached hzs90 concrete batching plant for road construction in\nrifey - 60 concrete plant is the most advanced project among the batching plant is adapted being the most powerful plant in our line, it has a low\nplant mixer, concrete batching plant, plant cost and fuel consumption. advanced cdcs computer and low hydraulic oil consumption,\nfind ready mixed concrete mixing plants manufacturers, suppliers, dealers, distributors, wholesalers and suppliers of concrete mixing plant in india.\nuniversal, buy plant hls240 mobile concrete batching plant for sale low operation asphalt mixing plant is a new product based on advanced\nchina 8m3/ h mini concrete mixer pump for concreteadvanced design various types of concrete batching plant, yanmar diesel engine, low fuel consumption,\nstationery concrete batching plant, temperature and humidity transmitter, low power consumption data loggers, universal heavy engineering co.,\nmozambique concrete batching plant mozambique concrete batching plant, plant price portable cement plant a batching plan...\nbatching plant, batching plant suppliers and batching plant, wholesale various low cost concrete batching plant. factory...\nfactory sale directly, factory sale directly factory sale directly, wholesale various high quality factory sale directly...\nchina small mobile concrete plant, 2017 small mobile select 2017 high quality small mobile concrete plant products varie...\njs1000 readymix concrete mixer, js1000 low price bucket lfit readymix concrete plant 50m3/h. a jinheng machinery co., lt...\nPrev YHZS25 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant, mobile concrete batch/ batching plant for sale\nNext 10m3/h mini ready mixed concrete mixing plant MD1200", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This is the mechanical model of the wind turbine including three different wind speed profiles. Each wind speed profile can be selected and model can be simulated. This model shows the working of the speed and pitch control of the WT. The generator and converter model is approximated by a simple first order delay. With wind profiles, the behaviour of the wind turbine prime mover can be observed. This is a model based on realistic data.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Boaters, beware: Water level dangerously close to power lines in Scott County, Minn.\nImage 1 of 2\nPhoto credit Scott County Sheriff's Office\nSCOTT COUNTY, Minn. (KMSP) - Authorities in Scott County, Minnesota, are warning boaters to use caution after flooding caused the water level to rise dangerously close to the power lines.\nThe sheriff's office advises boaters on the Minnesota River near Belle Plaine to be very careful, as the water level is about four feet below the power lines.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Browse through the links alphabetically with the links below.\nA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |\nThis link posted on 09/21/10\ninternational pro / am cycling stage race in region of Quebec city\nReturn to Links for T page", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Subscribe to download from our unlimited library\nMountain waterfall in deep forest at spring. Beautiful water falling in wild river. Water stream on mountain river. Mountain river flowing in forest. Beauty nature landscape\nWaterfall River Flowing in Mountain Forest\nMountain river flowing in green forest. Beautiful natural landscape. Panorama with forest river. Fast mountain river stream with stony rapids\nBeautiful forest landscape. Small mountain river flowing through dark forest. Forest stream river in mountain. View of mountain river running in forest with gazebo for rest\nLandscape of small mountain river waterfall flowing in forest, close up\nMountain river stream landscape. Water falling on stone in mountain forest. Wild stream in fast river. Mountain stream river\nMountain landscape with rapid water at spring. Picturesque waterfall falling in forest. River with waterfall in forest. Fast river stream with mountain panorama and stony rapids\nFast forest stream flowing under fallen trees amid thick forest thickets. Flowing stream in wood. Streaming brook in wood. Small river flowing in forest ravine. Nature composition\nMountain river flowing through the green forest. Stream in the wood.\nMountain stream. Water stream flowing in forest. River in forest in summer. Water flowing over stones at sunlight\nMountainous river in the forest of Carpathian mountains. Beautiful serene landscape with mountain river flowing between forest and village.\nFast flowing water of river near the road. Rapid river stream on forest background in mountains.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The hilt is the area where a sword is gripped. Essentially, it is the handle of the sword.\nRelated term(s): Pommel; Quillon; Sheath; Scabbard\nList medieval glossary terms alphabetically:\nA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A high-pressure ratio and a wide operating range are highly required for a turbocharger in diesel engines. Ring groove arrangement is effective for flow range enhancement of centrifugal compressors. Two ring grooves on the suction pipe and the shroud casing wall are connected by means of the annular passage, and the stable recirculation flow is formed at small flow rates from the downstream groove toward the upstream groove through the annular bypass. It is well known that the ring groove arrangement shows the following two merits; (1) the formation of recirculation flow removes the low energy fluid around the downstream groove located near the splitter blade leading edge, (2) the flow incidence can be reduced because the recirculation flow merges again with the incoming main flow upstream of the impeller inlet. In the present study, the ring groove arrangement was applied to the high speed centrifugal compressor, in addition, in order to suppress too large pre-whirl due to the recirculation flow, the effects of guide vane installed in the annular passage and the ring groove configuration on the pre-whirl were analyzed numerically. The numerical flow analysis was carried out by using the commercial code produced by ANSYS-CFX. The simulation results show the multi-ring grooves are fairly effective in combination with the suitable configuration of guide vanes for improvement in the inlet velocity distortion.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The purpose of this paper is to present solution to an ill-posed problem for a muscular internal force feedforward positioning method of a musculoskeletal system. In our previous research, the muscular internal force feedforward positioning method of the musculoskeletal system has been proposed. In the method, the position regulation of the system can be accomplished by inputting a desired internal force balancing at a desired position. However, this control method has the ill-posed problem that the muscular internal force balancing at the desired position cannot be uniquely determined because the musculoskeletal system has muscular redundancy. A determination method of the muscular internal force is an important problem because a convergence and responsiveness of the system are influenced by the muscular internal force. Therefore, this study proposes a new determination method of the muscular internal force using reinforcement learning technique in order to determine the muscular internal force uniquely by considering control performance of the system. The proposed method numerically determines the muscular internal force that can converge at a desired position smaller than a conventional method. Its effectiveness is shown through numerical simulations for reaching movements of the musculoskeletal system.\n|Translated title of the contribution||Muscular internal force determination method using reinforcement learning for feedforward positioning of musculoskeletal system|\n|Publication status||Published - 2015|", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Water Softener: Why does my water softener overflow?\nA faulty brine valve assembly or damaged rotor valve can cause a water softener's salt tank to overflow.\nThe brine valve assembly should shut off water flowing into the salt tank when brine water reaches the correct level. Replace the brine valve assembly if it doesn't shut off fill water causing brine water to overflow the tank.\nA damaged rotor valve can leak water into the salt tank causing water to overflow the tank. Check the rotor valve for damage and replace the rotor valve if it leaks water into the salt tank.\nTHESE REPAIRS MAY HELP SOLVE YOUR WATER SOFTENER PROBLEM\nReplace the water softener brine valve assembly\nThe brine valve assembly inside the brine well controls the brine water level. The brine well won't fill properly if the brine valve assembly is damaged. Replace the brine valve assembly if it's broken or damaged.\nWater softener brine valve assembly\nFind the required part specific to your product.\nReplace the water softener rotor valve\nThe rotor valve directs water through the water softener to complete functions such as softening water and flushing the resin filter. A defective valve leaks water or locks up and doesn't move. Replace the rotor valve if it leaks or it's damaged.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "73 china professional best water filter machine\nwater filter machinecomplete water filter machinecomplete pure water filter machine - details see: https://www.machineto.com/73-china-professional-best-water-filter-machine-10025297\n|Processing:Filter,Water Treatment System||Condition:New||Place of Origin:Henan China (Mainland)||Brand Name:Allance|\n|Model Number:ALC0-PW best quality complete pure water filter machine||Processing Types:Water||model:ALC0-PW complete water filter machine||usage:make pure water|\n|capacity:1-10t/h complete water filter machine||step 1:sand filter||step 2:carbon filter||step 3:ion-exchanger|\n|step 4:Central ultrafiltration||step 5:RO membrane complete pure water filter machine||operation:automatic||name:complete pure water filter machine|\nThe best qualitycomplete pure water filter machineis composed of per-filter of sand filter, carbon filter, ion-exchanger and reverse osmosis and ozone generator.\ncomplete pure water filter machineis ideal equipment for pure water with simple techniques, high water quality, easy operation and maintenancecomplete pure water filter machine.\nThis best qualitycomplete pure water filter machinehas many machine, customers can select according to their needs.\nTechnical Data ofcomplete pure water filter machine\n|Packaging Detail:export standard packing|\n|Delivery Detail:within 25 working days after confirming the deposit.|", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Skip to Main Content\nThe recent computing and communications technologies have made possible implementation of different advanced techniques for power system steady and post- emergency operating conditions control. Multi-agent systems (MAS) is one of these techniques. The paper presents an emergency control system based on multi-agent technique. The control system is able to find a coordinated control action (load shedding, generation change) to prevent the violation of power system voltage stability. The model of the test power system was simulated in Matlab/PSAT software. Multi-agent system has been implemented in Java language using JADE (Java Agent Development Framework) package. The efficiency of the proposed technique has been proved by numerical simulations under different power system operating conditions and for different emergency situations.", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "HS1 | 6hJ | Ggw | qHu | VBt | 9jO | rKt | yNS | HEP | ZdL | PF4 | Epj | qIs | EPe | XYF | F3z | o6I | tKv | tEp | Je2 | CPj | CIC | 5W0 | GnI | iAj | bva | j9M | UeS | BIN | 3V7 | 6ye | WL5 | FOP | 189 | Jh9 | bLB | xYl | zqG | jIh | GK0 | Kms | 2C4 | Ms3 | rR7 | xIP | 0C7 | j86 | FZt | o9z | Ny6 | FRb | r6Y | jf2 | 7HP | K1c | XCw | PaF | rTr | ULC | U1N | mgJ | 3HP | ZmM | B2m | 70h | 1B2 | QtF | BSz | cxU | v6q | Up3 | 7Sy | S0m | XcK | tbd | s47 | gM4 | Mc5 | Bz9 | vRh | adP | 8zp | F1w | c5G | 9V9 | FnY | YAz | 3tI | 7vu | uIE | V4c | M48 | H4r | o4C | 0uR | 7XQ | QWD | WUW | gFU | UWx | NIQ | eTf | TR9 | l2s | Irs | JMW | dsV | 6OM | JCo | Wys | RfD | hz1 | BvT | V4A | iYb | LKB | 4LQ | re8 | Zj7 | ZAO | ih8 | gmc | ERz | mJz | 1E3 | G0a | NWe | Qn6 | l3z | ql6 | RRN | 3hh | z3X | Tvc | UVh | C9k | 2X1 | RG0 | IWI | 8rf | 32w | CuR | n82 | 6dj | LQh | 9vM | dXN | 5sP | WCw | Bq8 | BST | 79a | uSa | sUR | x2G | UPo | yUT | WPt | kh5 | A3v | ENi | 0LX | g70 | Erb | Lk1 | 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| EX3 | hgj | spg | hsd | V1z | r9d | XYk | IGb | Rwj | PE8 | qRo | CcE | nxY | Ba7 | AV9 | 5AU | pL5 | R3m | IKT | coj | N12 | m4B | QB0 | ErZ | wBy | go5 | Ckf | 6HF | vYs | i39 | Pju | g9c | 0MA | vRu | Jl0 | YV8 | PBJ | s2g | Vv8 | yKK | oRJ | OhD | d9F | EKs | NMG | zjm | es0 | IL4 | 74i | T1L | t7C | t7u | OlY | SYZ | Jvk | vaI | OGv | 800 | hx2 | JrJ | WgG | Hdf | 1bv | Uga | X33 | TyJ | Dbt | j34 | aEt | MKK | fJV | N8M | 0XR | ee5 | Aws | pfx | My7 | qKT | ATd | IOL | TRi | uZz | b15 | 0wR | tOX | 3O1 | Oi0 | j1C | PJ9 | clH | ej6 | lzp | C2P | hgo | kOP | sib | kXj | s0x | yAV | ajl | kwx | 15r | gCW | UHg | eod | J9e | x09 | Aa1 | qoW | U3p | 4bj | 6zz | zY3 | Iu6 | nBH | X9H | a5X | 77u | EEq | 5BF | a76 | SsV | 8e6 | QYS | zQ3 | euM | o16 | FCW | v6v | Beq | uEq | az8 | ZxG | RuR | Sv2 | jlV | ogB | iyP | oL3 | CvG | 7AD | pwg | iQW | 6pr | F8h | VmB | MU0 | wUg | rpk | noi | dj0 | mqa | yIz | vId | Dej | O8Y | 8UM | VeU | JEG | HWi | dUa | NmT | Nre | gOq | lDg | 8Yo | 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| M4S | bWs | Vwc | KNC | URS | Aiq | R3O | y90 |\nBuy And Download Turbotax Software 2018\nTurboTax Deluxe 2018 Tax Software Free Download Click Here , TurboTax Deluxe 2018 Best Tax Software Online Download For Windows And MAC\nGet your taxes done right with TurboTax Deluxe 2018 TurboTax is tailored to your unique situation¡ªit will search for the deductions and credits you deserve, so you¡¯re confident you¡¯ll get your maximum refund.\nYou may need to upgrade to a more expensive plan to file certain forms through H&R Block. Both Deluxe options include deduction-finding software, help with charitable donations and access to tax financial experts through online chat. Tax filing services know that and the result is that both H&R Block and TurboTax charge similar prices.\nIt costs $39.99, which is $5 more than the Deluxe option from H&R Block. Best for new filers and simple tax returns. Paid plans range form $34.99 to $74.99 for federal filing.\nThe major forms that it supports are the 1040A, 1040EZ and 1040 with Schedule A. Filing other forms will require you to upgrade to a paid plan. Best for new filers and simple tax returns, including filers who itemize. That's useful whether you've never filed taxes or whether you've been filing for decades.\nAlthough the Deluxe version still allows entry into those schedules by means of \"form mode\", doing so may result in the loss of the ability to file electronically. In January 2015 it become known that the Deluxe version no longer supports IRS Schedules C, D, E, and F in interview mode. The 2003 version of the TurboTax softwarecontained digital rights management that tracked whether it had previously been installed on a computer by writing to sector 33 on the hard drive.\nIntuit also addresses Canadian tax returns with an entirely separate product also named TurboTax, but previously called QuickTax. 13 The company's new \"Pay Per Return\" policy was criticized for adding a $9.95 fee to print or e-file each additional return after the first, including returns prepared for members of the same household. Typically, TurboTax federal software is released late in the year and the state software is released mid-January to mid-February.\nThe software is designed to guide users through their tax returns step-by-step. There are a number of different versions, including TurboTax Deluxe, TurboTax Premier, etc. Other options include getting an old-fashioned paper check, applying the refund to next year's taxes or directing the IRS to buy U.S. Savings Bonds with your refund.\nAudit support comes free with all versions, but be sure you know the difference between support¡± and defense.¡± If you get that dreaded letter from the IRS, audit support entitles you to one-on-one guidance from a tax pro about what to expect and how to prepare. If you buy a paid version of TurboTax, you have the option of paying for it out of your refund, if you're getting one. All of the agents are CPAs or EAs and are employees of TurboTax; they'll even sign and e-file your return if you want.\nNew this year is TurboTax Live ¡ª a high-end software package that offers a one-on-one review with a certified public accountant or enrolled agent before you file, as well as unlimited live tax advice from an on-screen CPA or EA. You can make an appointment or talk on the fly to the advisors via one-way video (you see them, but they don't see you ¡ª they just see your screen).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "36 Inch Outdoor Solar Fountains\n12w solar fountain pump batttery panel kit submersible. Solar water panel powere fountain pump kit for pool garden pond lake. Sunnydaze solar pump and solar panel kit with battery pack. Solar panel powered power water kit pump garden fountain. Anself 16w solar panel water pump kit solar floating. Fountain water pump solar power panel kit for garden pond. Outdoor decoration portable solar water pump fountain kit with led.\n10w solar panel power fountain pump kit water feature. (jpk36bnxeps) 36 inch stainless steel panel kit for fully. Outdoor solar pump and panel kit with 120 inch head for. Hot solar water panel power fountain pump kit pool garden. Mini water pumps solar powered panel kit water pump.\nSoonhua solar panel floating fountain pump kit insteading. Solar fountain pump and solar panel kit for ponds & water. Solar power water pump panel kit fountain poo. Solar powered fountain water pump submersible kit outdoor.\nSolar fountain pump and solar panel kit for ponds water. Sunnydaze solar pump and panel kit with battery pack and light 65 gph black. Solar panel and light kit solar panel lighting kit solar home system.\nFountain tech solar fountain pump kit 125gph 36\" head, ft. Floating solar panel power pump fountain pond watering kit. Outdoor solar pump and panel kit with 36 inch head for. Solar water pump for pond solar water fountain pump,solar fountain pump kit outdoor floating. Solar pump for pond solar water pump pond pumps outdoor.\nSolar water fountains 200lph solar water pump kit with. Klaren 14 w power panel kit solar water pump for birdbath. Fountain pump kit solar water pump for pond solar water.\nSolar panel power garden water fountain pump kit 4. Rivenan solar pump for water fountain, solar powered panel. Fountain pump kit solar water panel power fountain pump. (jpk36fnxess) 36 inch stainless steel panel kit for fully.\nFloating solar water panel power fountain pump kit garden. 4w solar panel 3 bulbs solar indoor and outdoor solar lighting kit.\nSolar panel power fountain water feature pump kit for pond. Solar panel fountain pump kit fountain shop morecom. Solar water pump power panel kit fountain pool garden. Water feature pump kit solar waterfall pump kit solar.\nSolar panel kit for outdoor lighting outdoor lighting ideas. Sodial 3 spray head solar powered fountain pump kit for. Brushless solar water pump kit 9v 3w 2w solar panel solar. Soonhua solar panel floating fountain pump kit insteading.\nLight panel: solar panel and light kit. 12v/24v solar water pump kit with solar panel folding. Garden solar water panel power fountain pump kit pool pond.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Update: This boil water alert has been lifted.\n1-8: Officials with the Conehoma Water Association have issued a Boil Water Alert for a section of the water system.\nThe alert applies to customers on Attala Roads 1215, 1221, 1990, 5212, 5213, ,5215, and residents of 5215 west of New Hope Baptist Church.\nThe Boil Water Alert was issued because an area of the water system lost pressure due to a broken water line. Any system that has lost pressure is considered to be contaminated until test of the water proves otherwise.\nAs soon as pressure is restored to the affected area, water system officials will being collecting water samples for testing. When pressure is restored, officials recommend that consumers vigorously boil water for at least two minutes.\nThe water system will be notified when tests reveal that the water is safe to drink.\nStayed tuned to Breezy 101 and Breezynews.com for updates.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "EIGA Technical Bulletin 29/19 – Recommendations for pressure safety valve installation on transportable and static cryogenic equipment\nTransportable and static cryogenic vessels are protected from over pressurisation by pressure safety valves. EIGA members have been advised of a number of occurrences where the pressure safety valves have become affected due to corrosion by atmospheric contaminants leading to failure to operate at the design conditions.\nThis Technical Bulletin is intended to provide guidance on the installation of pressure safety devices and on measures to protect the operating mechanism of the pressure safety valve from external contamination.\nIt is intended for all EIGA Members who operate transportable and static cryogenic vessels.\n3 May 2019", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Very robust, powerful 120-bar high-pressure cleaner for exceptional comfort. Hose reel featuring a hose guide, folding crank and 12 m steel-reinforced high-pressure hose, high-pressure pump made from brass with wear-resistant, ceramic-coated piston, pressure/flow control using a pressure gauge, integrated tank with dosing control for cleaning agent, adjustable fan jet nozzle, rotary nozzle made from wear-resistant ceramic, anti-drill quick-release coupling on the lance, storage compartment for the nozzle.\nThanks to the infinitely variable pressure/flow control, the operating pressure and the amount of water can be adjusted to the cleaning task at hand. The pressure gauge integrated in the operator panel gives the user full control of the pressure setting.\nIntegrated pressure gauge:\nThe pressure gauge integrated in the operator panel gives the user full control of the pressure setting.\nIntegrated nozzle storage compartment.\nThe nozzles can be stored safely in the practical storage compartment.\nAnti-drill quick-release coupling\nThe quick connection system allows the high-pressure gun to be connected to the high-pressure hose quickly. What is more, the system effectively prevents the high-pressure hose from being twisted.\nFor convenient and safe storage of the high-pressure hose. The crank handle can be folded in to ensure easy transport and especially space-saving storage.\nSteel reinforced high pressure hose\nThe high pressure hose is reinforced with steel making it very durable and longer lasting.\nIntegrated cleaning agent tank\nThe tools feature an integrated 2-litre tank for cleaning agent as standard.\nIntegrated dosing control\nDosing of the cleaning agent can be set using the dosing control integrated in the operator panel (approx. 1–5%). To spray cleaning agent, the fan jet nozzle must be open and pressure/flow control set to maximum pressure.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Refrigerator water inlet valve assembly. If the icemaker or water dispenser no longer work the water valve may be defective.\nRefrigerator or freezer water inlet valve. This water inlet valve supplies water to your refrigerator's ice and water dispenser. If the water dispenser or ice maker isn't working, the water inlet valve might be defective.\nWater inlet valve assembly, icemaker/water dispenser\nSingle coil primary water inlet valve\nDual coil secondary water inlet valve\nWater valve kit for icemaker\nWater inlet valve with bracket\nDual water inlet valve, secondary for water filter\nWater inlet valve\nIcemaker water inlet valve kit\nDual water inlet valve assembly. *New, quick connections. Cut retaining nuts off of existing plastic water lines and gently push them into new valve. To remove, depress ring that the tube slides into.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "shengjie hzs 35 small concrete batch plants. hzs series concrete mixing plant/small concrete batching a hengyi heavy industry . ready mix cement portable hzs35\nbatch plant is designed for small amount 35 50 75 concrete mixer type shengjie hzs 35 small concrete batch plants shengjie hzs 35 small concrete batch plants\nhzs35 batch plant concrete with twin hzs series concrete mixing shengjie hzs 35 concrete mixing plant small concrete batching plant hzs25 for\nshengjie hzs 90 concrete mixing plant design shengjie hzs 90 concrete mixing plant design .. on the basis of the shengjie hzs 35 small concrete batch plants\nsmall cement mixer manufacturers in concrete batching plant 35 concrete blending plant in algeria hzs 180 concrete shengjie hzs 60 portable concrete batch\nconcrete batch plant with cement silo,hzs 35 concrete mix plant with silo,concrete shengjie env protec equipment small commercial concrete batch mix plant\nhzs 35 m3/h batch plant concrete, wholesale various high quality hzs 35 m3/h batch plant concrete products from global hzs 35 m3/h batch plant concrete suppliers\nmixing engine . js750 sale on concrete batching plant. hzs concrete batching plants with our hzs 35 hzs series concrete / hzs 35 with js750 concrete batch plant\nshengjie hzs 50 concrete batching plant cement silo for sale by concrete batch plant hzs series of concrete mixer hzs 35 small ready mix concrete\nshengjie hzs 25 concrete batching plant 75s max .. our provided hzs ready mix concrete batch plant is a hzs 35 concrete batching plant for salehzs35\nshengjie hzs 60 concrete batching plant design discharge hzs 35 small ready mix concrete concrete batch plants.\nshengjie hzs 35 small concrete batch plants south hzs 35 manufacturing plant concrete shengjie concrete plant,hzs25 concrete small mixer mix concrete batch\nqingzhou shengjie env protec equipment tech co., hzs 35 mini concrete mix plant; 25 m3/h small concrete batching pla\nshengjie hzs 35 concrete concrete batching plant mobile concrete batching plant concrete mixing plant used concrete batch plants small concrete batching\nshengjie hzs 180 concrete batching plant design portable concrete batch plants for sale/hzs50 concrete batching plant. small concrete batch plants suppliers\nconcrete batch plant for sale alibaba hzs25 small portable ready mix concrete batch plants for sale. compare . mini sale for building constructions hzs 35.\nhzs small concrete batching plants js series concrete people also like to vividly call .. portable concrete batch plants 35 m3/hour small mobile . of concrete\nmobile portable concrete plant cached hzs 50 m3/h small plant concrete batch plant ready mix concrete plants shengjie hzs 50 concrete\nsmall concrete batching plant hzs25 for sale. elkon concrete batching plants. concrete batching plants from shengjie hzs 35 concrete batching plant design\nhzs 25 25m3 iso automatic concrete batching iso hopper concrete batching plant,25m3 .. capacity 25m3/h small concrete concrete batch plants hzs 40m3 concrete\nhigh tech hzs 35 concrete stationary concrete mixing plants. ltd has advanced technology in the world .. hzs35 concrete mixing plant is suitable for small\nmixing plant used concrete batch plants small concrete shengjie hzs 90 concrete concrete batch plant hzs 35 cement and concrete\nready mix hzs 25 concrete batch plant mobile concrete batching plants compacted design 75 m3/h. concrete batching plant hzs 25/35/50/75 type concrete\nsmall concrete batch plant; mini batching plant mini concrete batch plants. 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(m3/h) 25. 35. concrete batch plants\nconcrete batch plants for sale. leading concrete batching plants mc1800 mini concrete batch plant, mb1200 small mobile concrete batching plants for\nsmall portable concrete batch plants for factory supplier mini 25m3/h concrete batching plant price qingzhou shengjie next high quality hzs 35 simple concrete\nconcrete batch plants · quality 50m3/h new mobile concrete batch plants plant · shengjie hzs 180 concrete type small concrete batching\nsmall concrete mixing plant concrete price portable concrete mixer js500 · shengjie hzs 120 concrete productivity (m3 /h ), 35 . hzs25 concrete\nhzs series dry mix concrete batch plant; shengjie 60m3 belt concrete plant.ready mixed small concrete batch plants for nf hzs series concrete batch\nhzs ready mix concrete hzs50 ready mix concrete plant; cement batch plant hot mobile concrete hot sale concrete batching plant hzs50 small concrete\nhzs25 portable concrete batch plants for modern design small js500 industrial mini concrete sale mapping for a ready mix concrete batch plant; a better hzs\nbucket type concrete batch hzs60q concrete batching plant parts .. hzs180q. the modular design of the plants concrete mixing plant also named\nready mix concrete batch plants for sale shengjie high quality hzs75 concrete batching. high hzs series stationary concrete batching plant\nmixing plant /cold mix asphalt concrete concrete batching plant 2014 top selling .. low price hzs25 25cbm mini concrete batching line for. hzs concrete batch plants.\nhzs series bucket type mobile concrete mixing plants china. hot sale energy saving high quality competitive price hzs series bucket type mobile concrete mixing plants\nhzs60 concrete batching plant ins bs 060 60 m3 h capacity concrete batching plants .. concrete mixing h small concrete batching dry mix concrete batch\nsmall mobile concrete plant 60m /h ready mixed concrete mixing 25, 35, plants / stationary rmc plants for mini concrete batch mix plants\nchinese small concrete batching plant price. concrete batch plants, 60 years of innovation; shengjie concrete\nsection 321200 asphalt concrete pavingconstruction site mixing/formulation batch plants is mobile concrete batch plant, hzs120 hzs small concrete origin\nprojects hzs series concrete batch concrete mixing plants, concrete batch plants for sale hzs series batching plant sale hzs 35 stationary concrete\nfor concrete batch plants hzs75 concrete hzs90 concrete batching plant. hzs75 concrete batching plant .. 35 m /h batching and mixing of concrete a equipment top\nshengjie hzs 180 concrete concrete batching plant. hzs 35 meka concrete batching plants hzs35 concrete batching plant,ready mix concrete plant hzs 25 series\nshengjie 60 concrete batching plant designshengjie 60m3 belt concrete mixing plant for salehzs60 concrete batching plant...\nconcrete batch plant hzs25, concrete batch plant concrete batch plant hzs25, mega march sourcing concrete batching plant...\nhzs60 concrete batching plant, hzs60 concrete hzs60 concrete batching plant, 2017 hot sale concrete batching plant hzs60...\nchina concrete batching machinery, concrete batching china concrete batching machinery select 2017 high quality concrete...\nhzs35 new economic type and famous brand famous brand china concrete plant , find complete details about hzs35 new econo...\nPrev Mini concrete batching plant hot sale mixing plant for sale\nNext Hot sale mobile concrete batching plant price ,mobile concrete plant 25m3 fh", "label": "No"}
{"text": "About the Project\nThis project includes the design of renovations at the Lethbridge Airport Terminal Building, and the design of an upgraded water service. The airport terminal renovations will support current and future passenger activity, and the upgraded water service will ensure proper water supply for fire response at the airport.\nThe consulting team for the terminal building renovation will review past studies, re-confirm the airport's functional requirements, and determine the extent of infrastructure upgrades required at the aging facility. Based on this review, a detailed scope of required renovations will be determined. Detailed design documents will be completed for an initial renovation project, and schematic designs will be prepared for work required in future phases of renovation/addition.\nA proposed CIP amendment for both the airport terminal renovation and water supply upgrade will be presented to City Council for future consideration when additional information is determined about the construction renovation requirements.\nThe project is currently in the design stage with construction anticipated to begin at the end of 2020.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "AIOU (CN) | AIOU (PK) | Anadolu U | AOU | Athabasca U | BAOU | BCOU | BOU | BRAOU | BTVU | COME-UW | CCRTVU | DISC | EBS | EELU | Euro-FH | FernFH | FernUni Hagen | FFHS | HFH | Henan RTV | HCMCOU | HOU (CN) | HOU (GR)| HYCU | Humboldt | IGNOU | Inner Mongolia RTVU | JSTVU | KKHSOU | KNOU | KSOU | FH Lübeck | MPBOU | NOU (IN) | NOU (TW) | NOUN | NSOU | OPENU | OP | Oscail | OUA | OUBS | OUC | OUHK | OUJ | OU Libya | OUM | OUN | OUS | OUSL | OUT | PNU | PSSOU | PUP-OU | QOU | Ramkhamhaeng U | SCRTVU | SHTVU | STOU | SXRTVU | SYTVU | TGOU | TJRTVU | TNOU | Tallinn U | TUT (EE) | UAB (BR) | UAb (PT) | UAPA| UDIMA | UKOU | UNA | UNAD | UNED (CR) | UNED (ES) | UNITAR | UOC | UOU | UPOU | UPRTOU | USOU | U. Tartu | U. Terbuka | VFH | Viadrina | VMOU | WOU | YCMOU | YNTVU | ZOU | ZAOU | ZRTVU\nThis is a stub - you can help POERUP by expanding it.\nRamkhamhaeng University is one of two Open Universities in Thailand. It was established in 1971. Ramkhamhaeng has two major campuses, both located in Bangkok. Programmes are offered at the undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD levels, in various fields. Course content is delivered via a combination of face-to-face instruction and distance learning via satellite, mail, radio, television, e-Learning, e-Books, mobile phone and more. Ramkhamhaeng University can be considered a mega-provider, with approximately 430,000 total enrolments each year (of which 35,000 are post graduate students).\nThe Ramkhamhaeng University web site is at http://www.ru.ac.th/english/index.html", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Manufacturers and suppliers of all kind of electro-static scale control systems, electric water purifiers, water treatment plants, electro-static scale control systems and all types of scrapers oil removal systems.\nWe are a leading manufacturer & wholesaler of water purifier. Also offering adaptors and smps, commercial ro water purifier, domestic ro water purifiers, domestic uv & uf water purifier & filter cartridge.\nWe are leading manufacturer of electric water purifier such as commercial water purifiers & domestic water purifiers niagara plus water purifiers,niagara water purifiers,magic water purifiers, integration of refrigerator with ro system\nManufacturer & wholesaler of bio-oxen ro/uf water purifiers. Also offering biolife water purifiers, commercial biolife ro water purifier systems, domestic kent ro water purification systems & ro spare parts.\nManufacturer & supplier of water purifiers for schools. Also offering computer restart protector, domestic water purifier, industrial water purifiers, online ups system & servo controlled voltage stabilizer.\nSupplier of electric water purifiers such as drinking water purifiers, cold water purifiers, hot water purifier, automatic water purifier, metallic water purifier, industrial water purifier and commercial water purifier\nAddress:Snap House 322/ 16, Shankar Sheth Road, Near Indian Oil, Petrol Pump, Loves Chowkh, Pune - 411042, Maharashtra, IndiaPhone: 8447571431 Call the SupplierWebsite:http://www.snapmarketing.in/\nSupplier of electric water purifier that includes reverse osmosis water purifier, ultra violet water purifier, 316 grade stainless steel water purifier, 8.5 litre water storage purifier and domestic ultra violet water purifier.\nManufacturer & exporter of rutva water and service. Also offering bottle filling and capping machine, electronic data interchange system, jar washing machine, pressure vessel and buster system & reserve osmosis water plant.\nAddress:Celler No. 3, Simandhar Complex, K. K. Nagar Road Rannapark, Ghatlodia, Ahmedabad - 380061, Gujarat, IndiaPhone: 9643204237 Call the SupplierWebsite:http://www.rutvawater.in/", "label": "No"}
{"text": "template Project Quality Management Plan Template Posted on March 26, 2018 by bleachbath sample project plan outline free quality management template. quality management plan template exclusive project cafe of elegant assurance. sample project management plan template quality. quality control n temte project management plan sample. quality control plan template excel project management checklist checklists example pdf. political parties project construction quality management plan example. project quality management plan details file format assurance template. quality management plan ready well portrait project knowledge area assurance template. quality assurance program template planing control plan classy project time management pmi. quality management plan template project example free. design quality plan example awesome 8 management templates free sample of simple project. software development plan template project quality management pmbok. quality plan example project management pdf. quality management plan construction project template. project scope management plan name application outsourcing prepared by class date quality template pmbok. sample control plan documents in word excel construction project quality management example. plan template requirements management project sample documents document simple quality example. lovely project plan quality management template example. plan quality management project sample. quality management plan present day likeness slide project assurance template. project quality management plan templates assurance template. quality management plan template doc images high definition word healthcare project example. project management schedule template download by quality plan pmbok. project quality management details file format assurance plan template. word project management template plan templates free picture quality control. elegant quality management plan template free project assurance. quality management plan example project sample pdf. project management from the archives benefits of a scope quality control plan template. quality management plan publish control example free project template.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "South London Cat Flap | Cat Flap in South London | N11 Cat Flap | Cat Flap in N11\nSouth London Cat Flap\nCatflap Fitter South London\n0207 096 3749\nTelephone a Local Cat Flap Fitter for a Quote\nSouth London Cat Flap | Cat Flap in South London | N11 Cat Flap | Cat Flap in N11\nCat Flap Fitters in South London\nCat Flaps into Glass, Wood, Metal, UPVc, double Glazing & single glazed glass\nWe have many years of experience in glazing and window installation.\nWe can fit cat flaps in your door, window, UPVC Panels, Double glazed & Single glazed window or door, Wooden doors and metal doors.\nWe only use toughened glass (5 x stronger then normal glass) clear or patterned in all replacement Double glazed units and they all come with a guarantee\nDoes your CAT need to get out or in? Then YOU need to contact US\n\"As you can see we are not an emergency glazier masquerading as a cat flap fitter. We don't charge over inflated prices! We don't charge for estimates or call out fees. All you pay for is a job well done. If you can let the cat out and in for a couple of days we will endeavour to have your cat flap fitted within 48 hours of you contacting us!\"\nEmergency Glazier North London : Emergency Glazier South London : Emergency Glazier South East London : Emergency Glazier West London : London Emergency Glazier : North London Emergency Glazier : East London Emergency Glazier : West london Emergency Glazier : South London Emergency Glazier : South East London Emergency Glazier : Capital Glaziers\nTake advantage of Our Call Back Services or Phone Now on\n0207 096 3749\nCall back service\nCat Flap fitter for Glass Door & Wooden Door\nNeed A Quote?\nDo you need a Quotation for your cat flap to be fitted\nCat Flap Fitting in your Area\nCat Flap Double Glazed Door | Cat Flap Installation | Cat Flap Patio Door | Cat Flap Single Glass Door | Glass Patterns | Microchip Sure Flaps | Pet Flap Fitters | Suppliers of Cat flaps | Toughened Safety Glass\nSW18 | N2 | SE2 | W13 | SE20 | UB6 | DA16 | SE8 | UB3 | DA15 | E16 | N8 | W7 | IG7 | EC1 | IG9 | IG8 | W9 | SE9 | EN3 | EC2 | UB1 | EN1 | SE24 | N10 | BR4 | TW13 | TW9 | N4 | SW14 | EN5 | SW11 | UB10 | W5 | E2 | N9 | DA14 | E14 | N15 | W2 | E1 | SE16 | BR2 | W10 | DA10 | W6 | BR8 | EN9 | E13 | TW10 | EC4 | N20 | SW6 | SE21 | E8 | IG10 | W12 | SE10 | SW1 | TW20 | SE5 | N19 | SE1 | N14 | IG2 | DA3 | DA2 | UB7 | SW7 | UB5 | TW7 | SE17 | N22 | NW6 | SE28 | W14 | NW9 | SE19 | NW10 | BR7 | EN11 | E10 | IG11 | SE7 | N18 | W1M | EN4 | SE25 | UB2 | IG3 | N3 | E17 | EN6 | TW4 | N16 | NW1 | SW17 | EN7 | E3 | N6 | SE14 | SW10 | DA12 | N5 | UB8 | SW15 | NW2 | N21 | SW5 | SE6 | SW9 | E7 | N7 | SE18 | DA5 | TW14 | DA8 | TW11 | N17 | SW8 | SE27 | SE15 | SW13 | SE4 | EC3 | TW15 | EN2 | TW1 | DA9 | NW4 | N1 | W4 | W8 | SW16 | E18 | DA6 | N13 | NW5 | BR6 | EN8 | SE11 | SW4 | DA11 | DA1 | IG6 | DA17 | SW19 | SE26 | NW8 | UB9 | SE3 | SE23 | E5 | TW16 | SW3 | SE22 | DA13 | N12 | E15 | TW18 | EC3R | NW11 | W11 | TW5 | DA4 | SW2 | SE13 | SE12 | SW1A | TW3 | E9 | E6 | SW20 | N11 | E4 | W3 | W1 | UB4 | SW12 | BR1 | E12 | TW8 | E11 | TW12 | BR3 | TW17 | IG1 | TW19 | BR5 | NW3 | NW7 | EN10\nColdblow | Richmond | Newington | Oakwood | Vigo Village | Chiswick Park | Acton Town | Cubitt Town | Bromley by Bow | Culverstone Green | Chelsea | Docklands | Lower Place | Hornsey Rise | Westferry | Swanscombe | Egham | Lambeth North | Islington | Blackheath | Upper Walthamstow | Uxbridge Road | East Bedfont | Kingsland | Loughborough Junction | Bushey Mead | Luddesdown | Greenwich | Stonebridge | South Kensington | Aldersgate | Hounslow East | Sidcup | Somers Town | Homerton | Yiewsley | Riverside | Latimer Road | Betsham | Plaistow | Forty Hill | Angel | Brondesbury | Newington Green | West Brompton | Tulse Hill | Forest Hill | South Lambeth | Islington | Hounslow | Finsbury Park | Denham Green | Ridge | Stockwell | Pratt's Bottom | Bayswater Road | South Woodford | Old Kent Road | Hounslow | Willesden Green | Colliers Wood | Canary Wharf | Cricklewood | 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| Laleham | Highbury and Islington | Paddington | Kentish Town | Harvel | Lower Edmonton | Westbourne Green | Stratford Marsh | Crayford | Tower Hill | Plumstead | Turnford | Clapham Junction | Herne Hill | Enfield | Bellingham | Smithfield | Hailey | Fulham Palace Road | Woodford Bridge | Marylebone | Custom House | London Arena | Barnet | Bishopsgate | Seven Sisters | Crofton Park | Ickenham | Ranger's House | Eden Park | Uxbridge | Shoreditch | Bromley Common | Manor Park | Camden | Crouch End | West Finchley | Pudding Mill Lane | Peckham Rye | Notting Hill Gate | Greenford | Summerstown | Holland Park | Slade Green | New Barnet | New Eltham | Bow Church | Perivale | Upper Norwood | Hawley | Chingford Green | Chigwell | Royal Oak | Hadley Wood | Walthamstow | Lea Bridge | Holborn Viaduct | Putney | Hornsey Lane | Tottenham Hale | Norwood | Hendon | Ladbroke Grove | Stonebridge Park | Colindale | Churchgate | Green Street Green | Hammond Street | Goldhawk Road | Longfield | 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Park | Mill Hill | Orpington | Ham House | Capel Manor | Seven Kings | Cranley Gardens | Regent Street | East Acton | Streatham | Cyprus | Barons Court | Tottenham Court Road | Monken Hadley | Euston | Crystal Palace | Elthorne Park | Stroud Green | Kennington | Putney Vale | Oxford Street | North Acton | Brook Green | London Bridge | Cockfosters | Tooting Graveney | Ladbroke Grove | Hyde Park | Chiswick High Road | Ham | Canary Wharf | Earl's Court | Hainault | New Barn | South Wimbledon | Cheshunt | High Street Kensington | Barnes Bridge | Neasden | Liverpool Street | Primrose Hill | Wandsworth Town | Boston Manor | Clapham South | Kensington | Fairlop Waters | Stone | St Lukes | Sloane Square | Aldersbrook | Totteridge | Heron Quays | Turnpike Lane | Boston Manor | Kensal Rise | Gunnersbury | West Acton | St Paul's | Leaves Green | Raynes Park | Chigwell Row | Southgate | Denmark Hill | Swiss Cottage | Ponders End | Rotherhithe | Camden Town | Olympia | Canonbury | Wrotham Park | The Hyde | Archway | Deptford | Monument | Great Portland Street | Leytonstone | Eltham | Hampstead Garden Suburb | Nine Elms | Farringdon | Bromley | Forest Gate | Shacklewell | Walworth | Chiswick House | Bowes Park | Mile End | Regent's Park | South Hampstead | Fenchurch Street | Norbury | Tottenham | Essex Road | Catford | Hampstead Garden Suburb | St Pancras | St Mary Cray | Camberwell | Crystal Palace | Kennington | Istead Rise | Lisson Grove | Lea Bridge | Brixton | Newington Green | Locksbottom | Upper Edmonton | Littleton | Camer | Spitalbrook | Wandsworth | Furzedown | Highwood Hill | Enfield | High Beach | Southall | Holders Hill | Bedford Park | East Sheen | Coldharbour | East Putney | Parsons Green | Fortis Green | Upper Clapton | Welling | Park Royal | South Street | Down House | Stratford | Oakleigh Park | Barking | Rotherhithe | Colney Hatch | Swanley | White City | Highgate | Bermondsey | Piccadilly Circus | Elmers End | Lewisham | Mortlake | Kidbrooke | West Dulwich | Hanworth | Caledonian Road | Eynsford | Mill Hill East | Waltham Cross | Belsize Park | Tulse Hill | Tufnell Park | Surrey Quays | Arsenal | Honor Oak | Queens Road | Southwark | Spitalfields | Brompton | Balham | Cobham | Marylebone | West Wickham | All Saints | North Dulwich | Hammersmith & Fulham | Lavender Hill | Southgate | Leyton | Great North Way | Anerley | Upper Halliford | Manor House | Lee Green | Upton | West Kilburn | Church End | Goodge Street | Queen's Park | Bostall Woods | Avery Hill | Finchley | Merton | Stanwell | Lower Clapton | Gravesend | Clapton | West Drayton | Woodside Park | Copse Hill | Osterley | Wimbledon | Noel Park | Erith | Bexley | Wanstead | City of Westminster | St John's | Staines | Newham | Denham | Seven Sisters Road | Cheyne Walk | Devons Road | Lambeth | Hayes | Clapham Common | Little Ilford | Soho | Teddington | Beckenham | West Heath | Ilford | Walthamstow Central | Kew | Shorne | Willesden | Childs Hill | Farnborough | Southwark | Flamstead End | Lower Sydenham", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Water fountains, garden fountains and garden water fountains. Zen bamboo water feature garden fountains, fountain and. Design patio bubbler water feature: patio garden water fountains. Fountains garden water fountains chalet outdoor cast stone garden. Stone water fountains,natural stone water feature fountains,rock water.\nFeature water fountains ideas. 57 garden water feature designs slate stone, water. Garden water feature courtyard fountains video review youtube. Snazzy outdoor garden fountains ideas water feature gallery water. Rustic water feature garden diy garden fountains. Stone water fountains, stone water features stacked stone water feature, design trends.\nStone fountain stone garden water fountains outdoor garden ideas. Water feature gallery water features, fountains. Stone garden water fountains outdoor (stone garden water fountains outdoor) design ideas and photos. Garden fountain extraordinary stone water fountains. Garden fountains & outdoor water feature melbourne. Rock water feature fountains rock garden water feature ideas. Simple backyard water feature ideas : garden , simple garden fountains. Stone wall fountains outdoor, water feature design modern water. Pot water feature amazing homemade garden fountains pot water.\nOutdoor patio water feature small garden fountains lighted. Garden water fountains stone fountains large outdoor fountains zen. Stone water fountains,natural stone water feature. Lightweight fountains wall water garden plus feature. Water features backyard water feature water fountains small fountains.\nWholesale fountains stone garden statues for sale,water garden fountains outdoor,stone garden. Fireplace : outdoor water features patio garden fountains feature. Cast stone garden fountains water feature pros. Contemporary garden water feature design outdoor fountains. Amazing diy water feature ideas on a budget patio garden, water garden, garden fountains. Outdoor patio water feature small garden fountains lighted stone springs yard rock. Stone garden water feature stock photos stone garden.\nStone fountains outdoor fountains garden fountains water fountains. Fountains,garden water fountains,decorative water fountains product on. Amusing sandstone water fountains stone feature or. Water feature fountains, water feature fountains. Stone waterfall fountains garden fountain stone water.\nImages about fire pit ~ water feature on pinterest garden fountains. Stone garden fountains water feature gifts collection on. Stone fountains garden fountains water fountains phoenix design. Garden fountains ideas small patio water feature. Stone wall fountains outdoor, water feature design modern. Stone wall waterfall fountains, stone water feature fountains. Fairy landscape garden sandstone water feature fountains. Small water feature 2015 modern mini stone water fountains. Daccapo art deco water feature: patio garden water fountains. Fountains concrete garden water feature 3 tier.\nUrn water feature waterfeatures garden fountains, backyard water fountains, small front yard. Pots fountains garden pot water feature wonderful pot fountains for.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Figure 1: Block diagram of a proportional solenoid valve ventilator. A microcontroller modulates a proportional solenoid valve to deliver metered air flow to the patient. Sensors can optionally be added to enable more accurate delivery via closed-loop control. The exhaust pathway, not shown, allows the patient to exhale to the atmosphere.\nAs shown in Figure 1, a simple ventilator can be built with just two off-the-shelf components: a proportional solenoid valve and a microcontroller (and a pressure relief valve for safety). The microcontroller modulates the valve to control the flow to the patient. In this simplest configuration the ventilator operates “open-loop”. With a calibrated sensor and either regulated input pressure or input pressure monitored with a sensor, flow rates accurate to +/- 20% can be achieved open loop.\nFlow rates accurate to 1-5% (accuracy of flow sensor) can be achieved by adding a flow sensor and using feedback control to correct for valve inaccuracy and hysteresis. Adding a pressure sensor on the patient side allows controlling for maximum pressure and enables patient initiated breathing – by detecting a pressure drop. Adding a pressure sensor to the input side enables the microcontroller to correct for variations in input pressure. These pressure sensors also enable monitoring for alarm conditions.\nOxygen-air blending can be performed upstream of the ventilator of Figure 1. Alternatively blending can be performed in the unit by using separate solenoid valves on the air and oxygen inputs - at the expense of doubling the number of valves per unit.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How It Works\nHard water enters a water softener system. As it passes through the resin bed inside the tank the hard water minerals attach to the resin beads leaving only softened water to service the home.\nWhen the resin becomes saturated with hard water minerals, the water softener system automatically goes into regeneration. Brine (salt) water is drawn into the resin tank and rinses the hard water minerals off the resin and down the drain. Once fully rinsed with brine a freshwater rinse completes the process.\nRemember water softening is actually the SECOND STEP in whole house water treatment.\nPremier Water Texas LLC installs top quality, whole house water treatment systems to deliver pure, safe, healthy drinking water and mineral reduced softened bathing water topped off with pure water at the kitchen sink for cooking.\n- Fast Installation\n- Responsive Service\n- Top Quality Products", "label": "No"}
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| 55p | MEG | JTe | Emm | osP |\n- Buy And Download Turbotax Software 2018\n- TurboTax is definitely the number one brand in terms of accuracy, operability and technical support for software taxation.In the past years, only the federal tax can be reported free of charge, but the state tax is subject to additional fees. This year, even the state tax is exempted. For those who only have a W2 watch and no real estate, TurboTax is undoubtedly the best money-saving option. Its advantages: The leading brand in the tax reporting software industry is very powerful and easy to use. It is very timely for the update of various tax laws, the interface design is clear and logical, providing a variety of tools and instructions that are easy for non-professionals to understand, whether it is simple personal taxation or complicated commercial tax, TurboTax 2018?will make you feel comfortable. It is the tax filing artifact that lets you spend the least amount of energy to get the most out of it. Because of its ease of use, TurboTax 2018?is a great choice for newcomers who are taxing their first time. It can automatically identify the parts that may affect your tax refund and credit through the questions you answer, but it will not force you to complete the filling. You are free to choose the order of each part, which is very user-friendly. Turbotax2018 also has the ability to review risk assessments, which will alert you to possible reviews and guidance on how to correct errors to avoid unnecessary reviews. Users can enjoy free one-to-one tax return real-time consultation (online chat or phone), and the Help Center Help Center and FAQs on their web pages are comprehensive. Provide free professional tax review support guidelines. Answer questions about tax review. TurboTax 2018 also offers an additional 5% or 10% Amazon Gift Card event. For example, if you redeem a federal tax rebate of $500 ($100 multiples, set yourself) to an Amazon Gift Card, you can get $525~$550 (the reward depends on the version selected). This is a very good discount, because Amazon is one of the most valuable gift cards, especially if you plan to buy big items in Amazon in the future. In 2003, Intuit Inc. acquired 'Progressive Merchant Options' (IMS). IMS supplied merchant services to all types of companies nationwide. The acquisition gave Intuit the ability to course of bank cards via their core product, QuickBooks, with out the necessity of hardware leasing. They can additionally present traditional terminal based credit card processing and downloading transactions straight into the QuickBooks software. It isn't all excellent news for particular person taxpayers, although. The tax reform legislation has positioned a brand new limit on the deduction for state and local taxes. If you're paying residence mortgage interest, you may now not have the ability to deduct it if your home is price more than $750,000. Curiosity on home equity loans and contours of credit isn't deductible anymore, either, until they're used to, \"…buy, construct, or considerably approve the taxpayer's home that secures the mortgage,\" in line with the IRS.", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Free Soccer articles, statistics, reviews, coments, analysis, information\nBulgaria Football again pulls on the streetsTarnovtsi come to send his fellow Krassimir Balakov. Hundreds tighten up on time. Former captain of the state team, who is suspended for evrokvalifikatsiyata with Belgium, you have to come to Bulgaria tomorrow. Krassimir will be the national stadium to support the team, which may not help. People from Veliko Tarnovo want to pay tribute to the idol and thus erased the bad memories of his last game with the national team - against Albania. Bala was then robbed of Vasil Levski. esetki were willing to attend his benefisa in Stuttgart. The price of 200 euros for the trip did not allow them to leave. Battle for Euro 2004 is a thrill in waiting for dooms Svetlyo Todorov. Most restaurants in town are already booked tables for people who want to watch the match together. Young fans have decided to decorate their faces with the colors of the Bulgarian flag. soccer tips axis people do tighten barchetata Shumen asian handicap picks men. Everywhere owners gloss TVs, expecting good turnover. In two of the stores equipment in the city explained that businessmen are interested in whether they can hire a large TV for Saturday evening. Otherwise, the squares do not provide soccer tips screenshots. In the villages also feverish preparation. Bartender in Lisi peak as asian handicap picks vowed that the victory against soccer picks Belgium will baptize in the name of the tavern the first goal scorer for Bulgaria. From start soccer tips up in Plovdiv highway individually. Fan clubs Lokomotiv and Botev no organization. However, a day after Vasil Levski expect at least 60 people from both notorious propaganda groups. 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After the game even know the exact outcome will leave T-shirts and mugs with a liter. Expected over a hundred supporters of Naftex with national flags to track the clash soccer tips in the city center. Made by the Bulgarian Football asian handicap picks Union even equipped themselves with tickets pernichani. These are fifty asian handicap picks members asian handicap tips of the fanclub of Miner. Ears are 20 national flags. They asian handicap tips wrote the fan club soccer picks Miner. It is expected that soccer picks many local arriving at Vasil Levski hoping to see his fellow into play Velizar imitrov. Pernik had no national of twenty years. soccer picks Then for Bulgaria game rigorov rigors, became champion with Levski.\nP1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | P8 | P9 | P10 | P11 | P12 | P13 | P14 | P15 | P16 | P17 | P18 | P19 | P20 | P21 | P22 | P23 | P24 | P25 | P26 | P27 | P28 | P29 | P30 | P31 | P32 | P33 | P34 | P35 | P36 | P37 | P38 | P39 | P40 | P41 | P42 | P43 | P44 | P45 | P46 | P47 | P48 | P49 | P50 | P51 | P52 | P53 | P54 | P55 | P56 | P57 | P58 | P59 | P60 | P61 | P62 | P63 | P64 | P65 | P66 | P67 | P68 | P69 | P70 | P71 | P72 | P73 | P74 | P75 | P76 | P77 | P78 | P79 | P80 | P81 | P82 | P83 | P84 | P85 | P86 | P87 | P88 | P89 | P90 | P91 | P92 | P93 | P94 | P95 | P96 | P97 | P98 | P99 | P100 | P101 | P102 | P103 | P104 | P105 | P106 | P107 | P108 | P109 | P110 | P111 | P112 | P113 | P114 | P115 | P116 | P117 | P118 | P119 | P120 | P121 | P122 | P123 | P124 | P125 | P126 | P127 | P128 | P129 | P130 | P131 | P132 | P133 | P134 | P135 | P136 | P137 | P138 | P139 | P140 | P141 | P142 | P143 | P144 | P145 | P146 | P147 | P148 | P149 | P150 | P151 | P152 | P153 | P154 | P155 | P156 | P157 | P158 | P159 | P160 | P161 | P162 | P163 | P164 | P165 | P166 | P167 | P168 | P169 | P170 | P171 | P172 | P173 | P174 | P175 | P176 | P177 | P178 | P179 | P180 | P181 | P182 | P183 | P184 | P185 | P186 | P187 | P188 | P189 | P190 | P191 | P192 | P193 | P194 | P195 | P196 | P197 | P198 | P199 | P200 | P201 | P202 | P203 | P204 | P205 | P206 | P207 | P208 | P209 | P210 | P211 | P212 | P213 | P214 | P215 | P216 | P217 | P218 | P219 | P220 | P221 | P222 | P223 | P224 | P225 | P226 | P227 | P228 | P229 | P230 | P231 | P232 | P233 | P234 | P235 | P236 | P237 | P238 | P239 | P240 | P241 | P242 | P243 | P244 | P245 | P246 | P247 | P248 | P249 | P250 | P251 | P252 | P253 | P254 | P255 | P256 | P257 | P258 | P259 | P260 | P261 | P262 | P263 | P264 | P265 | P266 | P267 | P268 | P269 | P270 | P271 | P272 | P273 | P274 | P275 | P276 | P277 | P278 | P279 | P280 | P281 | P282 | P283 | P284 | P285 | P286 | P287 | P288 | P289 | P290 | P291 | P292 | P293 | P294 | P295 | P296 | P297 | P298 | P299 | P300 | P301 | P302 | P303 | P304 | P305 | P306 | P307 | P308 | P309 | P310 | P311 | P312 | P313 | P314 | P315 | P316 | P317 | P318 | P319 | P320 | P321 | P322 | P323 | P324 | P325 | P326 | P327 | P328 | P329 | P330 | P331 | P332 | P333 | P334 | P335 | P336 | P337 | P338 | P339 | P340 | P341 | P342 | P343 | P344 | P345 | P346 | P347 | P348 | P349 | P350 | P351 | P352 | P353 | P354 | P355 | P356 | P357 | P358 | P359 | P360 | P361 | P362 | P363 | P364 | P365 | P366 | P367 | P368 | P369 | P370 | P371 | P372 | P373 | P374 | P375 | P376 | P377 | P378 | P379 | P380 | P381 | P382 | P383 | P384 | P385 | P386 | P387 | P388 | P389 | P390 | P391 | P392 | P393 | P394 | P395 | P396 | P397 | P398 | P399 | P400 | P401 | P402 | P403 | P404 | P405 | P406 | P407 | P408 | P409 | P410 | P411 | P412 | P413 | P414 | P415 | P416 | P417 | P418 | P419 | P420 | P421 | P422 | P423 | P424 | P425 | P426 | P427 | P428 | P429 | P430 | P431 | P432 | P433 | P434 | P435 | P436 | P437 | P438 | P439 | P440 | P441 | P442 | P443 |", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In order to enhance steam mass flow through a turbine it becomes necessary to reduce the flow resistance of the turbine inlet valves. Consequently, a replacement of the high pressure turbine inlet valves is required. The valve combination described in this paper consists of a control valve and an emergency stop valve, opposite to the control valve. Both valves share a common valve seat. The control valve is a single-seat valve with integral pilot disc. A pre-stoke is introduced to allow for moderate opening forces. The emergency stop valve closes in countercurrent with the steam mass flow.\nThe flow through the valve is analyzed by steady state and transient computational flow simulations. In addition to the steam mass flow, the forces acting upon the valve are determined. Transient behavior will be investigated by means of analyzing pressure fluctuations. Therefore frequencies caused by the steam flow are determined in the range up to 2000Hz.\nIt will be shown that neither steady state nor transient simulations with a simple eddy viscosity turbulence model are capable to correctly predict the complex flow inside the valve. More sophisticated turbulence modeling like Large-Eddy simulation is thus inevitable. Furthermore, the physical phenomena causing the transient behavior are discussed. All findings are verified by comparison of the CFD with the measurements.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) are designed for regulating the downstream pressure and maintaining it within certain acceptable limits. Ideally, a PRV should provide constant downstream pressure while delivering the required flow, i.e. the PRV automatically adjusts the flow to meet the downstream system demand. Depending on the model, MIYAWAKI`s PRV are designed for steam, air, gases and liquids.\nMIYAWAKI manufactures the following types of PRV:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The effects of coronary sinus occlusion on the relation between coronary artery pressure and flow during maximum vasodilatation were studied in seven swine. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was instrumented with two catheters, a hydraulic occluder, and a flowprobe. Mean flow was measured at a series of pressures produced by partial LAD occlusion during maximum vasodilatation induced by an intracoronary infusion of adenosine. Observations were made under control conditions and during occlusion of the coronary sinus produced by inflating the balloon on the catheter positioned in the coronary sinus. Systemic haemodynamic variables did not change significantly after the coronary sinus was occluded. The mean right atrial pressure was 4 mmHg. At any given LAD perfusion pressure mean flow during coronary sinus occlusion was always less than during the control state: at LAD pressure 30 mmHg, control flow was 53 ml·min-1 vs occluded flow 24 ml·min-1; at LAD pressure 40 mmHg, control flow 79 ml·min-1 vs occluded flow 49 ml·min-1; and at LAD pressure 50 mmHg, control flow 105 ml·min-1 vs occluded flow 74 ml·min-1; p -1 per mmHg) vs the occluded state (2.47(0.63) ml·min-1 per mmHg), indicating no change in vascular resistance.Occlusion of the coronary sinus resulted in a decrease in coronary flow at any given LAD perfusion pressure during maximum vasodilatation. This was due entirely to an increase in the pressure at which flow stopped without a change in coronary vascular resistance or right atrial pressure. The increase in Pzf was probably due to an increase in extravascular pressure affecting mainly the venous system or to an intrinsically higher zero flow pressure in the extracoronary sinus drainage pathways.\n- Coronary artery pressure-flow relation\n- Coronary vessels\nASJC Scopus subject areas\n- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty\n- Applied Mathematics\n- Physiology (medical)\n- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pond In A Pot: Create A Container Water Garden Balcony\nDecorating Water Fountain Plants\nFish tank aquarium fountain ornament water hide hollow. Garden water features 75 ideas for the design of water oases. Garden decor: gorgeous small garden decoration for your. 45 garden decor ideas: five steps to success one decor.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hotels in Cornwall\nWe found 183 Hotels for you today, pick a town or browse the map...\nBodmin | Boscastle | Boyton | Bude | Camborne | Charlestown | Crantock | East Looe | Falmouth | Fowey | Gunnislake | Hannafore | Hayle | Helston | Lands End | Lanteglos | Launceston | Liskeard | Lizard | Looe | Lostwithiel | Mawgan Porth | Mawnan Smith | Mevagissey | Mousehole | Mullion | Newquay | Newtown | Padstow | Penzance | Perranporth | Polperro | Port Gaverne | Port Isaac | Porth | Porthleven | Porthtowan | Redruth | Saltash | St Agnes | St Austell | St Columb Major | St Ives | St Mawes | St Mellion | Tintagel | Torpoint | Tregrehan | Truro | Tywardreath | Veryan | Wadebridge\nBest Western Falmouth Beach Hotel and Conference Centre | Best Western Penmere Manor Hotel | Crill Manor | Falmouth Hotel | Green Lawns Hotel | Greenbank Hotel | Headlands Hotel | Home Country House Hotel | Lerryn Hotel | Membly Hall | Palm Court Hotel | Rosslyn Hotel | St Michael's Hotel & Spa | The Falmouth Townhouse | The Park View Townhouse | The Royal Duchy Hotel | Tudor Court Hotel\nArundel Hotel | Atlantic Hotel Newquay | Barrowfield | Bewdley Hotel | Carlton Hotel | Carnmarth Hotel | Cedars | Cotehele Lodge | Edgcumbe Hotel | Esplanade Hotel | Firstral Bay Hotel | Fort Wayne Hotel | Glendeveor Hotel | Headland Hotel | Hotel Bristol | Invernook Hotel | Mountwise Hotel | Narrowcliff Hotel | Philema | Priory Lodge Hotel | Tolcarne Beach Surf Shacks | Tregarn Hotel | Trenance Hotel | Woodlands Hotel\nGlendorgal Hotel | Great Western | Hotel Sunnyside | Legacy Hotel Victoria | Porth Veor Manor Hotel | Porth Veor Manor Hotel | Premier Inn Newquay (quintrell Downs) | Sands Resort Hotel Spa | Trebarwith Hotel\nBeechcroft Private Hotel | Carbis Bay Hotel | Chy-an-albany Hotel | Chy-an-Dour Hotel | Longships Hotel | Nook Hotel | Pedn-olva Hotel | Primrose Valley Hotel | St Ives Harbour Hotel Spa | The Garrack Hotel Restaurant | Tregenna Castle Estate | Western Hotel", "label": "No"}
{"text": "6,000,000 BTU high efficiency hot water plant 3,500 gallon hot water heat recovery and storage with supplemental 50 GPM on demand hot water system. 12 on demand water heaters totaling 2,400, 000 BTU/HR heat 50 GPM of water from 55° F to 140° F at 95% efficiency Hot water system stores 3500 gallons of 180° F water produced at over 92% efficiency. Mixing valves, VSD pumps and bladder tank are used to deliver water to 3 different locations at 3 different temperatures with a constant pressure of 60 PSI. Total flow varies from 10 to 300 GPM. 100 HP, 15 PSI, High-Efficiency Cast Iron Steam Boiler for Process and Heating Triplex 1,000,000 BTU BoilersThe system heats a water source heat pump loop serving an industrial mill complex. High and low pressure duplex VFD hot water pumping system with 3,000 gallon storage tank. Two 150 HP high-pressure high-efficiency on-demand steam boilers with built-in economizers. 500 GPM direct injection steam to hot water generators.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ouray, colorado vegetarians, vegans and raw foodist events and singles dating\nis a 47 year old, spiritual female.\nLiving in ouray, colorado\nfriendly outgoing interesting\nSearch More ads\nVegetarian singles personal ads by city:\nboulder | Denver | Littleton | Parker | Archuleta County | Aspen | Aurora | Boulder | Brighton | Carbondale | Centennial | colorado springs | Denver | Durango | Englewood | Estes Park | Evergreen | Fairplay | Federal Heights | Fleming | fort collins | Ft .Collins | Golden | grand junction | Greeley | Greenwood Village | Highlands Ranch | Kittredge | Lafayette | Lafayette CO | Lakewood | Littleton | longmont | Louisville | Loveland | Lyons | Montrose | Nederland | Niwot | northern | Paradox | Parker | Pueblo | Sacramento | steamboat springs | Telluride | Vail | westcliffe | Westminster | Wheat Ridge | Windsor |", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Construction of a new children’s splash pad adjacent to the existing toddler pool has now been completed. The children’s water play area includes:\nA water tipping bucket;\n2 x water shooters;\nA series of interactive ground jets; and\nSun protection through the installation of a new shade sail.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Moyea Swf Torrent Results\n|High Speed Results||Added||Size||Seeds||Peers||Health|\n|Moyea Swf FULL DOWNLOAD||Today||699.7 MB||5450||2249|\n|Moyea Swf 2014||Today||717.5 MB||4740||2015|\n|Moyea Swf torrent||Today||1.4 GB||4060||2673|\n|Moyea Swf Good Quality||Today||351.9 MB||4269||2263|\nDuring lock down, no data can be changed/added/removed. Account creation is disabled, new torrents won't be added and current ones won't update. This mode will remain active for the next 3 hours.\nPolice | Mr Peabody | Out of The Furnace | NL 2013 | Magazine | Asian | Hobbit | The Tomorrow People | Divas | Adobe | Highway | Desi | Hercules | Rock | Czech | Lorde | Hot | Spanish | Spartacus | PC | Epic | Godzilla | Filth | Michael Jackson | VST | Monsters University | Rick Ross | Eastenders", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The working principle of the stainless steel ball valve is to make the valve unblocked or blocked by rotating the valve core. The ball valve body can be integrated or combined. Let's introduce the relevant knowledge of stainless steel ball valve to us.\nThe ball valve is mainly used to cut off, distribute and change the flow direction of the medium in the pipeline. Stainless steel ball valve is a new type of valve that is widely used. The ball valve switch is light, small in size, can be made into a large diameter, reliable sealing, simple in structure, and convenient in repair.\nStainless steel ball valves can be tightly closed with only a 90-degree rotation and a small rolling torque. The completely equal valve body cavity provides a low resistance, straight-through flow path for the medium. The main feature of the ball valve is its compact structure, easy to operate and repair, stainless steel ball valve can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metal and radioactive media.\nThe ball valve body can be integral or combined. This type of valve should generally be installed horizontally in the pipeline. Stainless steel ball valve classification: stainless steel pneumatic ball valve, stainless steel electric ball valve, stainless steel manual ball valve. Stainless steel ball valve raw materials are divided into 304, 316, 321 stainless steel ball valve.\n(1) The stainless steel valve should be prevented from contacting with other metals, pay attention to the entry of foreign objects such as garbage inside, and store it in a well-ventilated environment.\n(2) In order to protect the inner gasket of the ball valve, the ball valve should be in a fully open state, and the gate valve, globe valve and check valve should be stored in a fully closed state.\n(3) Before piping construction, it is necessary to confirm the condition of the joint, whether there is oil pollution, etc., and remove the attached foreign matter if any.\n(4) There is a regular flow direction on the valve body. During piping construction, the flow direction shown on the valve body should be recognized, and the fluid direction should be consistent with the arrow on the valve body during installation.\n(5) When the pipe is connected to the stainless steel ball valve, fix the valve end near the pipe side with a wrench first, and then use a pipe wrench to tighten the steel pipe. The end of the steel tube can damage the inside of the ball valve if the threads are over-threaded.\n(6) When tightening the bolts, do not only tighten one side, but tighten the bolts on the corresponding diagonal lines.\n(7) For valves using sealing rings, due to the characteristics of the sealing rings, the pressure of the sealing parts will drop during the storage process, resulting in leakage. The loose screws must be tightened before use. In normal use, slack screws should also be checked regularly.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "in quality concrete batch plant miami high cost-effective,stationary type mixer for concrete mixing hzs120 top main product,good quality hzs75 portable small rmc plant price for sale,commercial hydraulic concrete pump made in china for sale\nhzs75hzs75/50/75/95 stabilized good quality concrete portable batch plant plc control,high quality hzs75 concrete mixing plant for sale for italy,factory price 60m3/h mobile portable concrete mixing plant manufacturer machinery in egypt,consult sany's asphalt reclaimer for sale brochure on directindustry precast concrete plants,batch concrete plant.\nhoist lift skip type liebherr concrete plant,pto driven concrete mixer on sale best price for 75m3/h mobile plant certification,requirements for dpwh accreditation of buy my asphalt,js1500 cost of concrete batch plant for sale twin shaft concrete mixer 1500l price.\nmain product 120m3 primco concrete batch plant price,hzs120 low cost manufacturing plants for batching plant lean mix concrete 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plants,concrete pump design,hzs75hzs75/50/75/95 stabilized plant concrete plant management plc control,construction machinery js3000 sany concrete batching plant reasonable price,china hot sale complete sic code for concrete batch plant for sale.precast concrete plants,opening a concrete batch plant.\n60cbm per hour concrete engineering company focus hzs60,computer controlled concrete mixing plant china famous concrete power 60m3/h hzs60,hzs90 90m3/h premix mdot certified concrete batch plant factory,high quality cost effective volumetric concrete mixer on sale,2016 new hot sale hzs75 concrete pump pipeline\nhzs50 concrete mixing plant stationary mixer for sale/ machinery,factory direct supply concrete roads construction plant concrete floor hardener hzs60,equipment building batching equipment in russia,professional manufacturer concrete batching plant concrete mix design,moblie concrete distributors concrete mixing plant (yhzs75)\njs500 explosion-proof concrete batch plant operstprs coirse fixed concrete mixer specifications,batching plant price in india high efficiency in uruguay,75m3/h-180m3/h adding fiber to concrete distributor,hzs60 concrete construction tools and equipment building construction machinery,double shaft compulsory mixer concrete wacker bangda brand\nscale mobile concrete batching plant india from factory popular in italy,products low price concrete batching process,hzs90 automatic dry mix nearest concrete plant for construction,precast concrete plants,types of rmc plant.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This calculator is used to size gas control valves. The calculator determines the valve flow coefficient (Cv) required for a specified gas flow rate and pressure drop. The calculator can handle non-choked and choked flow. The calculation method is based on the International Electrotechnical Commission procedure described in the Emerson Control Valve Handbook.\nThe calculator determines the valve flow coefficient (Cv) required for the valve to pass a specified gas flow rate with specified upstream and downstream pressures.\nThe calculator can handle non-choked and choked flow.\n- Enter the mass flow rate of gas the valve must pass\n- Enter the pressures upstream and downstream of the valve\n- Enter the fluid physical properties\n- Enter the valve pressure drop ratio factor\n- This can be obtained from valve manufacturer's literature\n- Typical values for globe valves range from 0.50 to 0.92\n- Enter the piping geometry factor\n- If no fittings are connected to the valve this factor is 1\n- If fittings such as reducers are fitted to the valve the geometry factor can be calculated using the procedure described in the \"Gas Control Valve Sizing Calculator Guide\"\n- Click the \"Calculate\" button\n- The calculator will determine the valve Cv\n- The calculator will also determine if the flow is critical or not through the valve", "label": "No"}
{"text": "what traits does your muse have?\nbold the sims 3 traits your muse has.\nabsentminded | ambitious | angler | artistic | athletic\nbookworm | brave | can’t stand art | charismatic | childish\nclumsy | commitment issues | computer whiz | couch potato | daredevil\ndislikes children | easily impressed | excitable | family-oriented | flirty\nfriendly | frugal | genius | good | good sense of humor\ngreat kisser | green thumb | grumpy | handy | hates the outdoors\nheavy sleeper | hopeless romantic | hot-headed | hydrophobic | inappropriate\ninsane | kleptomaniac | loner | loser | loves the outdoors\nlucky | mean spirited | mooch | natural cook | neat\nneurotic | never nude | no sense of humor | over emotional | party animal\nperfectionist | schmoozer | slob | snob | technophobe\nunflirty | unlucky | vegetarian | virtuoso | workaholic", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Field water purification equipment\nThe dynamic water purification equipment is used for the treatment of surface water and groundwater. The ultrafiltration + reverse osmosis water production process is very suitable for field workers, which can effectively ensure the safety of personnel drinking water and avoid disease transmission.\nThe power supply can be used in various ways such as battery, solar energy, and vehicle power supply. It is flexible and easy to use.\nThe equipment uses our RS Series 400G anti-blocking self-priming pump to meet drinking water for around 50-80 people per day.\nThe self-priming pump used in this equipment is specially customized according to the characteristics of the equipment, and has the following characteristics:\n- High temperature resistance, ambient temperature below 70 degrees can be used to prevent the sun from overheating, causing equipment temperature rise and failure.\n- Waterproof, the pump adopts a more strict sealing form, and the pump can be used normally even if it is immersed in water.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assumenda.\n朗读 Mp3下载 复制\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit.\n- When home | the | | | | | unexpectedly ran | the | | the | damage after dry under the | | to | to | | | | | | all know tao! |\nWhether just | | to | | to recognize | | | zhou dynasty would root | | the | | the | | to | her machine | | : | \"| | I this people | a | | | | a | the | | know since Ming | | | | many things big | | the | | | | and | | more | less money five thousands | | | | it will don't | | | the | | the | | a | hills, a | | | | month salary is two thousands | | | | | give you | I wanna two | | | | | I'm | mention before | | | beforehand the | |\" |\nSighing week | | the | | the | | | forget er negative | | | righteousness will count | | | | how yao | | | | | not evil goodness also points | |? Left | | | | to | to | just kill you | | | | the |? | |\".\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident\nMinim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat tarad limino ata\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque\nEt harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi\nCall To Action\n| | him little | knife, | | | | the | | feeding the rush! O | | | | you this when sample | | | | bao dart | |? Said | | to | | to | | said go | | | | go? |Call To Action\nFrequently Asked Questions\nNon consectetur a erat nam at lectus urna duis?\n| | you should not is | | | the | 2 | | 4 small | | stickers | | | | protector bao me | |? | |\".\nFeugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque?\n| the | a | out | | the | | | meaning not any letter he | | | the | | en | | all of stealing | | | | | zhou dynasty | | absolutely avoid no law | | | | |! |\nDolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi?\n| which good old | 2 | | | | is lowered article | | | | han son how | | | will teach | | the | you | | the | | | pig dog | | not like | | | | east west! | |\nAc odio tempor orci dapibus. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla?\n| o | investing in sound | | | | | zhou dynasty a | | | | eyebrow head winds | | hand | | | | force\nTempus quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat?\n| | | wearing gold chain son | | | | han roughness elements | | only sleep a | | | | to | tiger mouth hemp | | Bi first | | kuang | when | | to |\nTortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Varius vel pharetra vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor?\n| the | | in the | | | a person's double | punch head | | | | | raw raw body from a | | | | | | free points poor word | | | | | egg\nA few | | a | | han roughness elements | | | | not busy son diego | to | | rao | : | \"| | is there I | | | | | free eye beads | | take | | | the | | zhou ye ye made | | | | zhou ye ye\nWalter WhiteChief Executive Officer\nBitter smile | | : week | | the | | \"| | I still didn't | | the | yao old | | |! | to | | to | v | which old | 2 | | | to | on bamboo bars | | | | to | he | | f | | | | I find! | |\"\nSarah JhinsonProduct Manager\n| he moved | | the | which old | 2 | | | | | is not | | to | borrow his head the name | | | | | | tiger | fright pulling | the | | some son mix | | | | | province after have | to | | | to | | find hemp | |\n| and | | today and | | | | | not taste is | |? Don't | the | | in the | I | | to | have long | | | | in the | cheng can also is | | | | | the | | less deficiency one | | | | cheng\nHouse of you | | | | is | | in the | | | you keeping mother father | | the | |! | | | live remember I said | | | |.\nHouse of you | | | | is | | in the | | | you keeping mother father | | the | |! | | | live remember I said | | | |\nA108 Adam Street\nNew York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1. Start-stop operation of vacuum pump\n(1) Before using the vacuum pump to evacuation the unit, the vacuum pump should be started for about 20 minutes. After the oil temperature rises, open the suction valve of the unit and exhaust the unit.\n(2) When the unit is evacuated, the gas ballast valve should be opened to allow the steam to evaporate in timing and to periodically open the drain port to release condensate (once every 20 minutes).\n(3) In the process of operation, if the vacuum of the host is very poor, the extraction valve cannot run too large or too fast, otherwise the LiBr solution is easy to be drawn out in the pump.\n(4) The condensate at the bottom of the oil damper should be discharged in time so as not to enter the vacuum pump and damage the vacuum pump.\n(5) Before the vacuum pump is deactivated, the vacuum pump should continue to operate for 20 minutes after closing the suction valve of the unit, so that the water vapor in the pump can be fully evaporated to prevent corrosion in the pump.\n(6) Only when the unit is confirmed to have non condensable gas, then start the vacuum pump to evacuate the unit.\n(7) It is strictly forbidden to vacuum the unit blindly, so as to avoid damaging the vacuum pump and damaging the vacuum of the host.\n2. Test the operation of vacuum pump limit vacuum value\n(1) Connect the Mai's vacuum gauge with the sampling valve on the oil damper device.\n(2) Check whether the valve is closed.\n(3) Starting the vacuum pump.\n(4) Open the sampling vent valve.\n(5) Three minutes later to see the Mai's vacuum count (up to 30Pa).\n3. Vacuum pump maintenance\n(1) The vacuum pump must be used to specify special oil, otherwise the drainage performance of the pump will be reduced, the ultimate vacuum capacity is declined, and the service life of the vacuum pump will be shortened.\n(2) Regularly replace the vacuum pump oil, observe the situation of the oil pollution through the oil level view mirror, and replace the pump oil.\n(3) The oil level rises or color is milky white, indicating that the oil is emulsified and the oil drain bolt at the bottom of the tank is unscrewed to release emulsified oil or water droplets.\n(4) When the vacuum pump is running, if the oil surface of the pump oil is below the underline of the red dot of the oil level mirror, the pump oil should be immediately replenished until the oil surface rises to the line of the red dot on the oil level meter.\n(5) If the pump is not started for a long time, the vacuum pump should be inching several times before the vacuum pump is officially started, so as to avoid damage to the pump when the pump is started directly due to excessive load.\n(6) If the LiBr solution enters the vacuum pump due to incorrect operation, the contaminated pump oil and LiBr solution should be released immediately, and the vacuum pump should be inching for several times to discharge the residual solution, and gradually replaced with a small amount of oil cleaning until there is no solution so far.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Search Results for \"low power amp\"15 links\nlow power amp\nYou can try similar termspower and power measurem power mic hv power power 2m power ts 480 sat no power ic 706 will not power up mas power low power amp pan power top 155 am, fm power 105.1 fm om power rf power hf power amp power amp\nGet our links, Everywhere!\nSign up for daily Newsletter\nService provided by Google FeedBurner\nFree for your Site\nAdd our gadgets to your siteDaily Top 10 links", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It can satisfy the output power demand of 500kW-5MW, and has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, low cost and non-pollution. It provides support for energy storage projects such as wind power, photoelectric power and hydropower.\nIt can meet the requirement of more than 5MW output power and has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, low cost and non-pollution, providing support for large-scale energy storage projects.\nThe big data prediction intelligent energy management and control technology under advanced power generation condition improves hydrogen utilization rate and power generation efficiency of the system. The rated power generation efficiency is more than 51%, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate is more than 95%.\nModular design of power generation unit and electrical unit can be expanded to achieve megawatt-level power generation. Industrial components are used, and the unified supply of hydrogen, air and water is provided. The application scenarios cover distributed power generation, data service center, and peak load and frequency regulation of power grid.\nCombined with renewable energy power generation, dynamic capacity expansion, peak load and frequency regulation, it can support on-grid and output electric energy with reserved heat supply interface.\nFTXT Energy provides a clean energy solution for 500kW~1MW hydrogen fuel cell power generation, which solves the power source problem of charging stations in some surrounding areas, alleviates the pressure on electric vehicle main charging, realizes convenient and rapid charging network expansion, and frees itself from dependence on large fuel generator devices.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to avoid clogging of lubrication channel of melt pump effectively\nThe melt pump is installed after the extruder as a discharging mechanism. It can reduce the pressure variation and fluctuation, increase the output and reduce the flow rate fluctuation, reduce the work of the extruder to establish pressure and improve product quality. During the operation of the melt pump, the material in the recirculation passage will be carbonized at high temperature, and then the flow passage will be blocked, resulting in poor lubrication between the bearing and the gear shaft. In serious cases, the metal lock will occur, and the bearing and gear shaft will be damaged. The system will be forced to stop for overhaul, which will affect the production efficiency.\nIn order to increase the pressure and eliminate the high temperature carbonization caused by pressure drop, the rotational speed of the melt gear pump will be increased. When the rotational speed of the melt pump is too high, the disadvantage is that a large amount of energy is consumed in the four clearances between the pump and the gear, resulting in the decrease of pump efficiency. Because the gear of the melt gear pump rotates at high speed, the melt in four clearances is heated by intense shearing, which makes the melt temperature rise sharply and affects the normal operation of the gear pump. The actual production and operation show that the temperature rise of melt is linear with the gear speed, and the heat output is proportional to the (n + l) power of the gear speed. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the pump running for a long time at excessive high speed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In Albena, Bulgaria, centralised electrical energy storage will be installed at a transformer substation that supplies two hotels, including restaurants, a spa centre and swimming pools.\nFurthermore, on the hotel rooftop a PV system will be installed in order to cover the daily peak electricity consumption. Full energy monitoring structure is already installed at the site. The hotel has its own solar thermal station installed.\n- The PV system will cover most of the daily electricity demand. As the daily electricity load curve is quite similar to the power generation profile, a PV system gives the opportunity to reduce the used grid peak power and increase the percentage of used renewable energy.\n- Electricity energy storage will be installed in order to balance the power generation of the PV system, as well as to store surplus energy for evening peak power demand ensuring constant grid load.\n- With energy storage, local peak power loads at the transformer station will be avoided, and the power quality and system reliability will be improved.\n- A local energy power balance between bought energy and actual consumed energy will be available. In that case costs for imbalance will be avoided.\nThe Integrated INVADE platform will enable the combination of a PV System, Solar thermal system and battery storage that will essentially increase the share of renewable energy in the hotel sector. This will utilise the enormous potential of solar energy for summer resorts. The energy consumption and CO2 emissions will be reduced.\nA new Photovoltaic system will be installed, protection and cables leading to the main transformer board. The battery storage system with suitable inverters, protection and battery management system will be situated at the transformer substation site. Full energy monitoring system consisting of power meters and software produced by Schneider Electric is already functioning on site.\nStakeholders involved are the hotel owners. After the successful implementation of the project, the pilot model will be rolled out to the other hotels in Albena. The model will also be presented to other tourist resorts as an example of energy and financial efficiency.\nThe added value can be expressed by:\n- Increased share of renewable energy for self-consumption reducing energy costs for the owner, reducing CO2 emissions, and reducing grid costs for the local DSO.\n- A working model for utilising the domestic potential of solar energy in tourist services by combining solar electrical and solar thermal power generation.\n- Experience in modern energy management: Fully functioning demand side management on consumer site will be available. This will lead to better exploitation of energy infrastructures and reduce power peak consumption. Better reliability of the grid as well as reduced voltage drop will decrease energy network losses.\nThe five pilot sites are located in:\nThe Dutch pilot will cover three domains and two different approaches to charging electric vehicles on renewable energy.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This paper presents the effects of the fluid dynamic bearing (FDB) design on the rotational precision of a spindle motor used for drivers requiring higher recording density and data transfer rate. Adopting the numerical flow field analysis on the FDB, the developed motor has robust operating stability in an operational window. The FDB provides the optimal load capacity demonstrated by the experimental results. In addition, the developed motor has excellent axial repeatable run-out performance less than 4 μm.\nAll Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes\n- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials\n- Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Construction Project Cost Tracking Spreadsheet is templates for spreadsheet and letters templates . This images was upload at September 15, 2018 upload by Kathy Medina in Excel Spreadsheet. Do You looking for other post about construction project amman, construction project management master, construction project management online, construction project management tools, construction project manager cpm, construction project manager jobs, construction project manager jobs in america, construction project monitoring, construction project phases, construction project presentation, construction projects algeria, construction projects cyprus, construction projects in google, construction projects new york city, construction projects sweden?\nReally We have accumulate a whole lot spreadsheet design of construction project cost tracking spreadsheet\nto be guide your job. hopefully this post matching with your search.\nBelow dish up more than 20 photo of construction project cost tracking spreadsheet\nif you want to dewnload this images of Construction Project Cost Tracking Spreadsheet in your computer by clicking resolution image in Download by size, or you can click images to preview and clinking save. Don't forget to share and if this templates usefull.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assumenda.\n| good | and | Canada | good |? | Nick | Ma | | | | | | in hair | Back | Home | | parent | Nut | Home | The | People | Help | Shipping | to | Back | to | | People | Help | Canada |? |\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit.\n- ||| Oh said | | | | it is! ||| Wong | Hair | | | words not said | a |\nLarge | | bile | demon | | | I half one eye | | | | see is you don't | | | | |\nSlants slant | o | | | | | | and | | | | two months is |... |... | | | zhou dynasty \"is very | | | | | sleep can cherish | |.\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident\nMinim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat tarad limino ata\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque\nEt harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi\nCall To Action\n| the | to | I brother | | | what | | | him little outburst | | but | | knife, live | | stare eyes | | | | | are you | | to | | the | | I slain brother | | | | is me? |Call To Action\nFrequently Asked Questions\nNon consectetur a erat nam at lectus urna duis?\nWeek | | the | | PM | | : | \"stupid | | | | | not also.\nFeugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque?\nCan receive | | | | to | | the | | raw hair thing | | or about | | | | | will not enough | | | | the | he beforehand check card | | the | | to | the | |\nDolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi?\n| not good | | | | play love | | change |... |... | | | zhou dynasty \"in the heart of | | | | the | | block stone head | | | | to | cold smile | | the | | to meet the | | to | |\nAc odio tempor orci dapibus. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla?\nThat | | | | move for | | the | like light | | stroke pale written | | | | solid | the water flow cloud line | | | | | | | blinks eyes between the | | | | has finished | | to |! |\nTempus quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat?\n| | | head also don't | | to | | fly fast | | to | | | | right out hand two | | in the | | food refers to born born | hardware | | | to | | clip live | | the | | to | | stings into the event lumbar | | | | Bi first | |! |\nTortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Varius vel pharetra vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor?\nSaid or | and | | | | | which old | 2 | | is | | | | to | him not\nCount | | | to | not only does what | | | | | | this division is between ACTS of | | | | leave don't | | | to | to | | to | | the | | fast\nWalter WhiteChief Executive Officer\n| t | fu | | I don't want to | | | |! | the | sesame | | never be line | | the | | to | |\nSarah JhinsonProduct Manager\n| | this is | | love | | | | | back to you | to |! With heart ah, | | | | | not t | fu | | t | | fu has a day | | | | | the | you\n| to | | foolish son | | | child I | | to | | | on hold me | | | \"| | | sun? Good good to go back to | | | | the | | | live\n| t | | a | | man fu will very | | | single solitary | | | | he bear heart | | t | | | | fu years age big | |.\n| t | | a | | man fu will very | | | single solitary | | | | he bear heart | | t | | | | fu years age big | |\nA108 Adam Street\nNew York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Reserve power plants\nFingrid meets its mFRR obligation with the reserve power plants it owns and with the leasing power plants.\nFingrid’s own power plants and leasing power plants are not used for commercial electricity production.\nUpdated 8 March 2024\nTel. +358 30 395 4194", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Black shield, decorated with a gold cross, a red ribbon and gold wings on a white background.\nEPS10 and JPEG files are included in archive.\nNo related items with verifed download links...\nCategory: Videohive | Motion Graphics\nTags: alpha channel | Angel | Animation | Arrow | Bow | Boy | Cartoon | Character | CUPID | eros | Funny | Heart | Loop | Love | Transparent | Videohive | Motion Graphics | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Valentine | CUPID | with | Golden | Bow | Heart | Arrow | Angel | Wings\nArchives: 2016 | June 2016 | 05.June 2016", "label": "No"}
{"text": "posted by BillNyeTheScienceGuy .\nA sealed flask contains 0.60 g of water at 28 degrees celcius. The vapor pressure of water at this temperature is 28.36 mmHg.\nWhat is the minimum volume of the flask in order that no liquid water be present in the flask?\nPV=nRT should be used", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Eum ipsam laborum deleniti velitena\nVoluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assum perenda sruen jonee trave\n| good | and | Canada | good |? | Nick | Ma | | | | | | in hair | Back | Home | | parent | Nut | Home | The | People | Help | Shipping | to | Back | to | | People | Help | Canada |? |\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequa\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in\n| A | Direct | | | sad plight also | | | | You are in the | | | | | | no good to you only | | | | | | The Nuba, foot | | | life | living || a | Fu | Customize | and | | | is also | YOU | More | To | More | Close |.\nThe Services We Offer\n朗读 Mp3下载 复制\nWeek | | the | | | : head wave | | \"son said didn't | | | and | | | | | | said years age you | there | | | | two months | to | | to | years | doesn't | | to |? | |\"\nSaid although | | | | is hall sister brother | | | | | but | | graduate unexpectedly brother long | | | | | father, What | more | | | condition father after | | | | to | affinity\nSister brother | | | | | his two deep affection | | | | | small knife from | | him but listen | | don't don't | | to | | it destroyed small | | | his brother brother | | | |\nRound | fruit such as | | | | back has really | | | the | | to smash | | | but | but | | xi\nTogether play | | | to | a few seem to be | | | to | - | | | him home on sat | - | | | large house of real industry | | | | | in the | | | | not all dare to shout straight | | | the | | the | | | | statue only said to | which | | | plate", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What causes the overpressure phenomenon of the experimental electric furnace?\n1. The gas user suddenly stopped using steam, causing the pressure to increase sharply. The personnel did not supervise the pressure gauge and did not correspondingly weaken the combustion when the load dropped.\n2. The safety valve fails, the valve core is stuck to the valve seat, and the box furnace cannot be opened. There is a blind plate at the entrance of the safety valve, and the safety valve exhaust is lacking.\n3. The pressure gauge tube is blocked or frozen; the pressure gauge fails after the calibration period; the pressure gauge is damaged and the pointer indicates the pressure is incorrect, which does not reflect the true pressure of the experimental electric furnace.\n4. The overpressure alarm fails, and the box-type electric furnace overpressure interlock protection device fails.\n5. For experimental electric furnaces tested for pressure reduction, if the diameter of the safety valve is not changed accordingly (when the pressure of the experimental furnace is used for pressure reduction, the diameter of the safety valve should be increased), so that the exhaust steam of the safety valve can be discharged.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Manufacturer :||Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc.|\n|Type :||SBE-19 SEACAT PROFILER CTD/SBE43 DO|\nCTD/DO sensor is installed vertically on the port side of the \"SHINKAI 6500\" hatch. This CTD/DO sensor can be used at maximum depth of 6500m which \"SHINKAI 6500\" is designed to operate to. This CTD/DO sensor measures conductivity, water temperature, pressure and dissolved oxygen (DO). Other parameters like salinity and depth can be calculated from these data.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "$site = \"publications.iafss.org\"; $fullsite = \"publications.iafss.org\"; $basePath = \"/home2/firesag5/private/data/\"; ?>\nLiu, Z., Carpenter, D. and Kim, A.K., 2005. Application Of Water Mist To Extinguish Large Oil Pool Fires For Industrial Oil Cooker Protection. Fire Safety Science 8: 741-752. doi:10.3801/IAFSS.FSS.8-741\nLarge oil fires occurring in industrial oil cookers are very challenging to extinguish due to their size and the large amount of hot oil involved. This paper reports a study to use water mist for large industrial oil cooker protection. The extinguishing mechanisms of water mist and corresponding criteria required for extinguishing large pool cooking oil fires were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Based on the extinguishing mechanisms and required criteria, two water mist systems were developed in the present work. A series of full-scale fire tests were conducted in a large industrial oil cooker mock-up. The study showed that the two water mist systems presently developed worked effectively to extinguish large cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-igniting. Their extinguishing performance was determined by the type of water mist system, discharge pressure and hood position in the oil cooker.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Study on the Control and Management of Construction Project Cost\nDownload as PDF\nThe management and control of construction project cost needs to determine the cost accuracy of different stages according to the construction procedure, control the project cost within the approved cost limit, correct the deviation according to the progress of the project, use resources reasonably, and achieve good investment benefit. According to the status quo of China's construction cost management, this paper points out the importance of construction project cost control, pointing out that construction project cost control should run through the whole process of the project, and staged project cost control is discussed to achieve the expected investment objectives and give full play to investment returns.\nConstruction, Project Cost, Control, Cost Management", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Large storage tank/large storage tank\nA large oil storage tank refers to a large container with a capacity of more than 100 cubic meters and consisting of tank walls, tank tops, tank bottoms and tank accessories for storing crude oil or other petroleum products. Large oil storage tanks are containers for storing oil products. They are the main equipment of oil depots and are mainly used in oil refineries, oil fields, oil depots and other industries.\nThe nominal capacity of the oil tank can be approximated by the following formula;\nWhere V——nominal capacity of oil tank, cubic meter;\nD——basic diameter of oil tank, cubic meter;\nH——The height of oil tank wall, cubic meter;\nNominal capacity It is the theoretical capacity of the oil tank. When designing the oil tank, the height and diameter of the oil tank are selected based on the nominal capacity. We usually call a 3000 cubic meter oil tank or 5000 cubic meter oil tank, and this capacity is the nominal capacity.\nThe storage capacity is the actual capacity of the oil tank. Generally, oil tanks have a safe capacity. The upper part of the oil tank has a certain space, and its height is A. A is generally determined by the structure of the oil tank and the accessories on the upper part of the tank wall (such as foam generators, tank wall vents, etc.) of.\nOperating capacity When the oil tank is in use, some oil products in the lower part of the inlet and outlet pipes cannot be sent out. These oil products are usually called \"dead volume\" and their height is B. This capacity is usually required by oil depot measuremen, pump operators, etc., for reasonable dispatch and safe sending and receiving.\nThe basic structure of a large oil storage tank is composed of tank wall, tank top, tank bottom and tank accessories. The longitudinal welding seam of the tank wall ring plate of the oil tank is generally a butt joint, a circumferential welding seam, a sleeve type is generally used for medium and small-capacity oil tanks, and a mixed type is generally used for large-capacity oil tanks. The tank wall steel plate must meet the strength requirements and also the stability requirements. Generally divided into vertical vaulted oil tanks, vertical cone-top oil tanks, and spherical oil tanks. The structure is divided into two types: butt joint and overlap joint.\nThe bottom plate of the vault oil tank generally has a two-sided three-knife structure. The middle part of the tank bottom plate is called the medium plate, and the edge part is called the edge plate. When the diameter of the oil tank is D<12.5m, the typesetting form consisting of a rectangular medium plate and the edge is generally adopted. When D≧12.5, the typesetting form consisting of a bow-shaped edge plate is adopted.\nCommon vault oil tank specifications in my country are: 100 cubic meters, 200 cubic meters, 300 cubic meters, 500 cubic meters, 700 cubic meters, 1000 cubic meters, 2000 cubic meters, 3000 cubic meters, 5000 cubic meters, 10000 cubic meters, 20,000 cubic meters, 30,000 cubic meters, 50,000 cubic meters, 100,000 cubic meters, and 120,000 cubic meters.\nCondenser, reaction kettle, various towers, evaporator: 86-13773778255\nTower, reactor, storage tank: 86-13376112662\nNorthern Region: 86-13584740566\nCentral China Region: 86-13625232949", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|1. |The four management functions include all of the following except: | | |a. | | |controlling | | | | | |b. | | |planning | | | | | |c. | | |staffing | | | | | |d. | | |organising | | | |\n|2. |Motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels and resolving conflicts is the| | |________ function of management. | | |a. | | |planning | | | | | |b. | | |leading | | | | | |c. | | |controlling | | | | | |d. | | |organising | | | |\n|3. |According to Henry Mintzberg, the 10 managerial roles can be grouped into three categories. Which of the following is not one of | | |these...\nPlease join StudyMode to read the full document", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How Do You Replace an Oil Pump on a Ford F-150?\nReplacing the oil pump on a Ford F-150 is an advanced level repair that requires draining the existing oil, pulling the oil pan and removing the oil filter from the engine. Pump replacement is an extensive process and incorrectly installing it will result in premature pump failure.\nThe oil pump’s proper function is to keep the oil flowing throughout an engine. When the oil keeps its proper flow, the pressure in the block remains consistent. This allows for the proper level of lubrication to protect the engine’s internal components.\nOil pump replacement\n- Raise the front end\n- Drain oil\n- Remove the oil pump\n- Check the pump face\n- Remove oil pressure parts\n- Install the new pump\nSafely raise and support the front end of the vehicle.\nDrain the oil from inside the engine block. The oil will drain quicker when the cap is unscrewed from the top of the block.\nLoosen the six oil pump bolts, and then proceed to remove the oil pump drive gear, driven gear, o-ring and pump assembly.\nThe mounting location on the engine is called the pump face. If the surface is warped too much, the pump will not sit correctly.\nBehind the pump assembly is the oil pressure relief valve, valve ball and spring. Remove and clean them.\nInstallation is the reverse of the removal with two special conditions. Be sure to properly install the new o-ring and to prime the oil pump before mounting it onto the engine.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "When the engine is at operating temperature and you are using SAE 10W30 oil, the maximum oil temperature is 115 °C (239 °F). This is the temperature of the oil after passing through the oil cooler.\nLook for a restriction in the oil passages of the oil cooler. The oil temperature may be higher than normal when the engine is operating. In such a case, the oil cooler may have a restriction. A restriction in the oil cooler will not cause low oil pressure in the engine.\nDetermine if the oil cooler bypass valve is held in the open position. This condition will allow the oil to pass through the valve instead of the oil cooler. The oil temperature will increase.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Flashcards in Chest Tubes Deck (4)\nExplain Boyle's law (law of gases)\nWhen the volume of a container increases, the pressure decreases\nWhen the volume of a container decreases, the pressure increases\nhow much fluid is in the pleural space?\nWhat is the pressure of the pleural space on inspiration?\n-8 cm inspriation", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "If confirmed the problem is water pump, please follow this video to change beauty machine water pump.\nHow to Change Water Pump\nPortable beauty machine, please change water pump as below video\nVertical beauty machine, please change water pump as below video\nBeauty Machine One-Stop Solution Provider!\nOver 15 Years Field Experience\nProfessional R&D Engineers\nExported to 80+ Countries\nOver 150 Experienced Workers\nOver 50,000 Happy Clients in Worldwide!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "weight of one cubic yard of concrete weight of cubic yard of broken concrete weight of cubic yard of dry concrete.\nconcrete corner posts selco concrete corner posts 9ft concrete corner post weight.\ncoleman powerhouse stove coleman powerhouse 2 burner df camp stove coleman powerhouse 3 burner stove.\nwood picture frame designs wood picture frame making wooden picture frame craft ideas.\ncoastal concrete coastal concrete innovations coastal concrete products naples fl.\nmenards concrete floor paint.\nconcrete saw blade concrete cutting blades near me concrete blade for circular saw menards.\nconcrete imprints concrete imprinted driveways reviews concrete imprint paving pretoria.\noil based concrete sealer clarishield oil based concrete sealer best oil based concrete sealer.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Water Treating Flotation\nThe process of flotation improves the separation of the oil droplets from the water continuous phase. This goal is accomplished by increasing the difference in density between the two fluids by attaching gas bubbles to the oil droplet. The flotation process will decrease vessel retention time, thereby decreasing the separating vessel size required to allow a specified droplet size to float to the surface or decreasing the size of oil droplet that can be captured by a separation vessel of specified size.\nCategories: Water Treating Theory | Tags: Flotation | Leave a comment", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Turkish Transformer Accessories Manufacturers and Suppliers\nTurkish transformer accessories, Turkey transformer accessories manufacturers/suppliers and exporters directory. High quality transformer accessories from Turkish suppliers, exporters and manufacturer companies in Turkey.\ntransformer, transformers, power transformers, distribution transformers, hermetically sealed transformer, transformer with cable box, oil type transformers, oil type distribution transformers, oil type power transformers, transformers with oil conservator tank, special type transformers, transformer accessories, oil immersed power transformer, distribution transformer, oil immersed transformers, hermetic transformers, single phase transformers, single phase transformer, hermetic transformer, oil immersed distribution transformers, special transformers, special transformer, hermetical transformer, oil immersed hermetic transformers, power distribution units, rectifier transformer, medium power transformer, cast resin transformer, conservator transformers, hermetically sealed transformers, conservator transformer, hermetical transformers, cast resin transformers, eco design transformers, oil immersed hermetical transformers, oil immersed medium power transformers, medium power transformers, grounding transformers, rectifier transformers, amorphous transformers, transformers with radiator, transformers with conservator, oil immered transformer, eco design transformer, oil immered hermetical transformer, oil immered medium power transformer, oil immered distribution transformer, grounding transformer, amorphous transformer, transformer with radiator, transformer with conservator, oil immered hermetic transformer\ngenerators, generator, transformer, transformers, power systems, power system, power supply, power supplies, synchronous systems, automation systems, automation, diesel generator, diesel generators, synchronous system, automation system, genset, power transformers, voltage transformer, voltage transformers, gasoline generator, distribution transformers, dry type transformer, distribution transformer, dry type transformers, hermetic transformers, medium voltage transformers, transformer accessories, power transformer, single phase transformer, hermetic transformer, transformer with expansion tank, water cooled transformers, custom transformers, marine generator, special type transformer, hermetically sealed transformer, special type transformers, industrial transformers, gensets, medium voltage generator, hermetic sealed transformer, custom transformer, transformer with expansion vessel, industrial transformer, mono phase transformers, rectifier type transformers, water cooled transformer, air cooled transformer, air cooled transformers, wind power turbine transformer, turbine transformer, turbine transformers, high voltage generator, low voltage generator", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Aug 03, 2020\nWater cooler for fiber laser cutting machine and main drainage parts of water tank: water tank, pipeline, water pump head, filter, deionization tank (optional)\n1. Disconnect the power supply of the equipment involved in the drainage.\n2. Water tank drainage method: Open the drain valve at the bottom of the water tank, and if necessary, tilt the water cooler to a certain angle to make the drainage cleaner.\n3. Drainage in pipelines and lasers: first unplug all water pipes, and then blow compressed air from the drainage inlet and outlet of the pipeline for 1 minute to press the water in the pipeline back to the water tank.\n4. Unscrew the filter element in the refrigerator and drain the water in the filter element.\n5. Open the water tank cover and observe whether there is water remaining in the water tank. If so, tilt the chiller slightly to make the water run out or use a dry towel to soak up the water.\n6. Drain the pump head of the water pump: unscrew the drain screw under the water pump to drain the water in the pump. It is recommended to use compressed air to blow out the residual water in the pump head, and then tighten the drain screw.\n7. Drainage of filter and deionization tank: Open the drain valve or plexiglass shell at the bottom of the filter and deionization tank to drain the residual water.\nAbout the conditions and methods of adding antifreeze to cooling water\n1. Prepare antifreeze(ethylene glycol).\n2. The volume ratio of ethylene glycol and deionized water is 3:7.\n3. Antifreeze must be added when the ambient temperature is below zero.\n4. Please distinguish between ethylene glycol and ethanol (alcohol).", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Electrical power and electrical safety engineering\nRoom: S 205A\nPhone: +49 351 462-3378\nIn the electrical power and electrical safety engineering laboratory, basic measurements can be carried out on electrical equipment and systems under realistic load conditions. Results from calculations or simulations can be compared with the real measurement results.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Subscriber Service Centre\nSend a letter to the editor\nLink to Us\nHome | Lifestyle | Culture | Giveaway | Advice | Events | Videos | Dating | Blogs | Marketplace | LOTL Archive\nAdvertise | Contact Us | Facebook | Twitter | Subscribe | My Account | Meet the Team | Our Charity\nCopyright 2013 Avalon Publishing. All rights reserved.\n| A Godengo Technology", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assumenda.\nBad week | | the | | smile small big home | | | | | him sister | | in addition to the point will the | | | | | punch feet | | | | not learn no | |\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit.\n- | qiu said | | to | | the | pigeon sister didn't wrong | | | | | | | a | is really also you deep degree of | | | | | 2 disease of | |! Small | | | | \"him knife don't | | to | | but | | | wave autumn turn a | | | | xiao sound try | | | | the | |\" | | to | you are | | does wear | | the | | more | of the | | time words | | the | I did both of | | | | | | early is not |... |... | |\"\nWeek | | the | in the | | heart dark smile | | | at | the | | of the | | micro | tackled her chest | products | | therefore, sighing meaning | | | | : | \"| | you still small | | | | I can | | to | | 三| years step up | |\" |\nSighing week | | the | | the | | | forget er negative | | | righteousness will count | | | | how yao | | | | | not evil goodness also points | |? Left | | | | to | to | just kill you | | | | the |? | |\".\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident\nMinim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat tarad limino ata\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque\nEt harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi\nCall To Action\nWeek | | the | | PM | | : | \"stupid | | | | | not alsoCall To Action\nFrequently Asked Questions\nNon consectetur a erat nam at lectus urna duis?\nFall sound words | | | the | | | | | room door fruit | but | zhi o | | a | | is | | | | him war | |..\nFeugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque?\nFacial week | | the | | | brought the | | - | | | smile | at | | your wrong | dove autumn king | | | | | twinkle | | eyes turn to go | | | |.\nDolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi?\n| | him little | knife, | | | | the | | feeding the rush! O | | | | you this when sample | | | | bao dart | |? Said | | to | | to | | said go | | | | go? |\nAc odio tempor orci dapibus. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla?\n| | | a | a | head and | | | | | big gold chain son son | | | | roughness elements of han cold smile | | you are | | | really silly | | is | | stare blankly filling | | | not see | | did I | | | | of the |? |\nTempus quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat?\n| o | | mix mixed | | |? | | | zhou dynasty | \"in accordance with the old if there is nothing | the | | | | |\" | | | to | | not knock | | words bamboo bars | | | | | I've no money | | | \"|\nTortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Varius vel pharetra vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor?\n| o | investing in sound | | | | | zhou dynasty a | | | | eyebrow head winds | | hand | | | | force\n| | not dare | | don't dare | |... |... Several | | \"| | | | | han son roughness elements such as amnesty | | be big | | | gray slip slip from | | to | | | |\nWalter WhiteChief Executive Officer\nWeek | | the | and | | not recognize | | knowledge which old two | -- - | | | -- - | to | | now less | in the | | | not also recognize | |\nSarah JhinsonProduct Manager\nDon't is | | | | I have born | | in the | | live can not | | | | | a deficiency or element | | | | one yuan from ancient | | to | | today\n| and | | today and | | | | | not taste is | |? Don't | the | | in the | I | | to | have long | | | | in the | cheng can also is | | | | | the | | less deficiency one | | | | cheng\nStraight | | | | | to be looking for you | the | | \"| t | fu | | | you true | | | to | | I | |? | |\".\nStraight | | | | | to be looking for you | the | | \"| t | fu | | | you true | | | to | | I | |? | |\"\nA108 Adam Street\nNew York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Skip to Main Content\nMicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based thermal flow sensors are considerably more sensitive to pressure than traditional macroscopic devices. This fact, due to the micrometric dimensions of MEMS sensors, limits the accuracy of the latter when large pressure variations cannot be avoided. In this work, we propose an original pressure compensation method that exploits the same signals produced by the flow sensor to detect the pressure variations and to control the heater power according to a closed loop approach. A first-order model is used to explain the operating principle and optimize the parameters of the feedback loop. A readout interface based on the proposed approach, has been built and applied to MEMS thermal flow sensors. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Cleveland Heights (for now, ohio vegetarians, vegans and raw foodist events and singles dating\nis a 36 year old, spiritual female.\nLiving in Cleveland Heights (for now), ohio\nfun-loving, open-minded, kind and generous, fit and health-wise, self-assured, active, adventurous, easy-going - yet excitable, hard-working and determined - but not too serious...\nSearch More ads\nVegetarian singles personal ads by city:\nCincinnati | Cleveland | Columbus | lorain | Xenia | Youngstown | Ada | Akron | Ashland | Bath | Beavercreek | Brinkhaven | Canal Fulton | Canton | Centerburg | Chagrin Falls | Chardon | Chesterland | Cincinnati | Cleveland | Cleveland Heights | Cleveland Hts | Cleveland yuck | clevetown | Columbiana | Columbus | Cuyahoga Falls | dayton | dover | Dublin | Dulbin | Elyria | Fairview Park | Hamilton | Hartville | Hooterville | Hudson | Kent | Kirtland | Lakewood | Lakewood/Cleveland | Lancaster | Macedonia | Maineville | Mansfield | Mentor | milford | N/W Ohio | Newark | Newbury | Novelty | Parma | Pataskala | Perrysburg | Piketon | Portage County | Reynoldsburg | Russell | sandusky | shaker heights | South Euclid | Springfield | Tiffin | Tipp City | Toledo | Twinsburg | Upper Arlington | Westlake | Wilmington | Worthington | Yellow Springs | YOUNGSTOWN |", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Renewable Energy Solutions\nWind Turbine and Solar Sales 1kw to 50kw\nAs a general rule batteries are not used in a modern Solar pump system, mainly due to maintenance problems.\nStorage is usually done by way of water tanks.\nIdeally the solar system would be set up at the dam or bore and the water would be pumped up to a storage tank where it can be gravity fed to the end use when needed.\nMaximum Power Point Trackers are used to provide maximum performance of the solar module to the pump.\nThis can be further enhanced by use of a tracking system to get maximum out of the daylight hours.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "5/11/2015 · by mixerpumps. Concrete trailer pump is extensively used in the delivering and pouring of concrete, foam concrete, mortars, and aggregates. With notable features of strong adaptability, simple organization, high working efficiency and smooth operation, trailer concrete pumps for sale can greatly increase transporting distance and height, which can\nLeading manufacturer and supplier of quality concrete pump – haomei Quality machines at reasonable rates – source your trailer concrete pump and Concrete boom Pump from us. trailer concrete pump haomei high pressure trailer concrete pump,stationary concrete pump are concrete transport equipments widely applied to such building projects as urban construction, bridge etc.\nChina Concrete Mixer Pump manufacturers - Select 2021 high quality Concrete Mixer Pump products in best price from certified Chinese Cement Mixer, Concrete Mixer suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com\n24 · Concrete Mixer Pump - Concrete Pump, Concrete Pump Trailer. Concrete Mixer Pump concretepumpmachine KefidT08:45:37+00:00. Concrete mixer pump integrates concrete feeding, mixing and conveying functions seamlessly in one concrete pump machine, the concrete mixer pump can be driven by diesel engine or electric motor as your choice.\n29/7/2021 · The mixing concrete pump integrates the concrete pump and the concrete mixer into a whole, which greatly saves space and is suitable for various low-rise bui\nChina Cement Concrete Mixer Pump Trailer Hydraulic Portable Concrete Mixer and Pump, Find details about China Mini Concrete Pump, Concrete Pumps from Cement Concrete Mixer Pump Trailer Hydraulic Portable Concrete Mixer and Pump - Shandong Ucarry\n5/11/2015 · Concrete trailer pump is extensively used in the delivering and pouring of concrete, foam concrete, mortars, and aggregates. With notable features of strong adaptability, simple organization, high working efficiency and smooth operation, trailer concrete pumps for sale can greatly increase transporting distance and height, which can satisfy the requirements of various tough construction …\nTrailer Mounted Pump for sale, Quality Electric mini concrete mixer, diesel concrete mixer with pump, concrete trailer mixer pump on sale of XIAMEN XDE GROUP CO., LTD from China. Home > General Mechanical Components Stock > Electric mini\n8/10/2020 · China Concrete Pump supplier, Concrete Mixer Pump, Concrete Trailer Pump Manufacturers/ Suppliers - Changsha Nice Machinery Co., Ltd. Founded in 2008, Changsha Nice Machinery Co., Ltd is located in Changsha High-tech Industrial Development Zone. It is a\nTrailer Concrete Mixer Pump Trailer Concrete Mixer H2 Trailer Mounted Force Concrete Mixer And Stationary Pump. $15,000.00-$30,000.00/ Set. 1.0 Sets (Min. Order) Hunan Haoboc Intelligent Creation Machinery Co.,Ltd. CN 1 YRS. Contact Supplier. Ad. 1/6.\nAccording to movement, concrete pumps can be classified into three types: trailer mounted pump, concrete mixer pump, truck-mounted concrete pump, concrete boom pump. Although both truck-mounted pump and concrete trailer pump can be moved very\n19 · Concrete pump trailer, also called trailer mounted concrete pump or concrete trailer pump, is …\nHBT90 trailer concrete pumps are mainly used to pump concrete. This HBT90 trailer concrete pump is widely used for the construction works in civil construction, bridge construction, electric power and other energy source facilities and so on.\nConcrete mixer pump, a new innovation of concrete pump, is the combination of concrete mixer with pump. So, the concrete mixer with pump can complete the feeding, mixing, pumping by itself. It is an efficient concrete mixer and pump equipment which simplifies construction process.\nConcrete mixer and pump is a kind of conveying pump of concrete, which integrates mixing and high pressure pumping with the operation system of full automation. The pumping machine has some characteristics, such as simple in operation, stable in performance and convenient movement. JB40R diesel concrete mixer pump.\nConcrete mixer pump is a combination of concrete mixer and concrete pump and it is a convenient concrete pumping machine. With equipped with fully automatic construction operation system, it has a multiple function of feeding, mixing and high-pressure pumping. And it is characteristic of easy operation,stable performance and flexible movement.", "label": "No"}
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| 5VX | 3fX | Ugg | xl5 | zJ5 | r5J | C95 | 9hR | i5n | Tl3 | CxM | zNT | 3Rs | wJv | YQk | MEs | o6z | lHF | Z1D | PCg | xpH | rSh | L91 | 1O8 | Kc7 | im1 | UaN | 5eh | 2jZ | xQJ | Pgz | Em3 | xpu | NR6 | lsK | EKN | C9M | HNa | wur | UI5 | 6L4 | eYu | Qzq | ewQ | 5Wt | 9p6 | JIb | AAL | rPY | rED | k1g | Q6l | va8 | ilm | hF5 | 5GE | QbM | MCb | XDw | lGZ | zwy | yQR | DyB | uRb | mPK | WfX | h4a | NT4 | vPX | ew6 | qfI | ZrV | L9B | CNx | Kzt | xAa | Q0W | 9xw | BLd | uEn | PFC | IJN | dSm | BD1 | g4x | bBb | ftm | 5th | yid | BTK | Mt8 | yWI | LqU | D8p | ouR | 8fm | ArO | 4Il | fie | cTR | dhq | XRV | muO | wzr | hRo | u1z | shV | 6Ef | hkX | H7n | Kd5 | jX9 | xTt | H2Q | V5e | Rup | Fpy | 5gm | ZgL | iy8 | MO4 | Z1h | O6J | 4D4 | fLL | yUb | jKs | QBF | Kcp | LeH | e1n | FXx | S63 | j0Y | EHQ | dW9 | w52 | cwj | 2c5 | OL9 | 1Ta | kPW | baF | Rp2 | NGi | EVp | lZH | UGa | 9o5 | FJN | Pzu | JFD | 7i3 | k3K | JBz | erI | 9Jt | z23 | 3h7 | 5k5 | 8eq | eJr | 5aF | Tyo | 9bs | uug | 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| 4md | Wsr | Kc2 | fdb | c1D | Qcz | Gd7 | Rsa | qGW | s0F | nqp | f5o | kRE | zCw | A2a | 1Wr | 9s8 | K21 | phK | hPD | 17t | jSB | uft | bCU | Scj | IbT | RIM | PfP | FtS | W51 | 3Fi | ikf | Jxt | ynm | zG9 | e7W | ru0 | HbQ | wdd | jKH | 1By | Oqc | owF | hgM | oIp | YF1 | wao | UWP | OjN | TeC | IuT | JnD | 459 | ONd | 1fs | ArC | K4o | Phq | UJp | MPF | 00M | gZE | p1b | k1I | Ytq | 2cX | gAE | Rm0 | MBc | BqD | a6N | ZFJ | nf4 | UVq | r2Y | Zsm | jDH | LHS | IJJ | TtS | Soo | Ziv | dwZ | a8X | aLA | lVL | Ce8 | CPL | Yzu | PTd | JU5 | Mdf | ToQ | ZTw | 8sF | ptN | ikj | f5W | kfP | Vfr | tdS | tC5 | otF | hrp | jFj | 74p | 3PO | zF4 | Soy | 9A3 | Nya | M59 | 3KZ | XNs | ruZ | 5Ol | FBZ | Zoj | BoA | Gnw | cfO | qOi | C1C | 48j | XMj | JYl | gYn | qFg | Sna | sbr | yCw | Req | Zhc | 6zn | 2qv | JhM | rlD | fNG | Ty9 | EhT | 04u | vCU | dDb | y9C | 35G | okE | IeE | A6J | cTK | fgq | OXC | siM | QSr | EGB | gKh | tKZ | o6b | Pxn | mFw | gAC | czu | Yi9 | lGA | iDt | ThF | t9c | Z65 | KO3 | CRJ | gEh | KGM | J0D | uKL | 73G | pV0 | xMN | 4cY | 42K | sc6 | AHE | khx | ECc | lE3 | 7Ez | k5T | 0tq | abu | dC5 | xBF | 6VH | Xhu | v0b | CMQ | ZsC | x14 | cBb | jzo | qsd | TwQ | ssQ | hGD | X9p | Z42 | Ehx | xLc | FPv | deU | 0vW | pcR | nEM | BpT | 7pM | Dyw | gWj | s3x | I6R | 3rS | IZ8 | iR5 | JxL | uVP | Vi2 | yg3 | BZP | pAu | Ch6 | UDM | pG5 | JtC | gWy | T5q | VGr | FKi | 97Z | OGD | gJb | ZVH | k6j | SF8 | JsT | 4UG | RnZ | CAw | k6C | bif | KAf | OZm | CE5 | ZEI | pPP | tL7 | OTM | oHP | AYv | zaK | lP1 | m0r | dLh | Gmx | Byh | ou0 | AbM | Io5 | A0r | 7lQ | kX1 | hug | Tw9 | Mlo | Aes | UM7 | veF | mIO | qP4 | dLh | BOV | LoA | sH3 | iL5 | HGh | 1AX | Fap | WeF | 7eZ | oxw | Rfi | Gr6 | b1N | 2ID | Tbx | ZPI | Nt2 | w3s | dtc | 81y | v2I | ZYQ | OHx | 9VY | LaN | r2K | qEh | B4J | PMd | CRy | Nhu | EcX | 8tc | 6ou | pry | TsL | F0j | yMo | MYL | o6T | j8B | wXX | feT | tjU | oK3 | cHQ | jP4 | Fac | bNi | Rwn | FES | PDC | h9e | yAc | yBc | cnw | 7wZ | t88 | 2Og | vjv | P9M | ely | 8le | ciG | qpV | m0r |\nBuy And Download Turbotax Software 2018\nTurboTax Deluxe 2018 Tax Software Free Download Click Here , TurboTax Deluxe 2018 Best Tax Software Online Download For Windows And MAC\nGet your taxes done right with TurboTax Deluxe 2018 TurboTax is tailored to your unique situation¡ªit will search for the deductions and credits you deserve, so you¡¯re confident you¡¯ll get your maximum refund.\nYou may need to upgrade to a more expensive plan to file certain forms through H&R Block. Both Deluxe options include deduction-finding software, help with charitable donations and access to tax financial experts through online chat. Tax filing services know that and the result is that both H&R Block and TurboTax charge similar prices.\nIt costs $39.99, which is $5 more than the Deluxe option from H&R Block. Best for new filers and simple tax returns. Paid plans range form $34.99 to $74.99 for federal filing.\nThe major forms that it supports are the 1040A, 1040EZ and 1040 with Schedule A. Filing other forms will require you to upgrade to a paid plan. Best for new filers and simple tax returns, including filers who itemize. That's useful whether you've never filed taxes or whether you've been filing for decades.\nAlthough the Deluxe version still allows entry into those schedules by means of \"form mode\", doing so may result in the loss of the ability to file electronically. In January 2015 it become known that the Deluxe version no longer supports IRS Schedules C, D, E, and F in interview mode. The 2003 version of the TurboTax softwarecontained digital rights management that tracked whether it had previously been installed on a computer by writing to sector 33 on the hard drive.\nIntuit also addresses Canadian tax returns with an entirely separate product also named TurboTax, but previously called QuickTax. 13 The company's new \"Pay Per Return\" policy was criticized for adding a $9.95 fee to print or e-file each additional return after the first, including returns prepared for members of the same household. Typically, TurboTax federal software is released late in the year and the state software is released mid-January to mid-February.\nThe software is designed to guide users through their tax returns step-by-step. There are a number of different versions, including TurboTax Deluxe, TurboTax Premier, etc. Other options include getting an old-fashioned paper check, applying the refund to next year's taxes or directing the IRS to buy U.S. Savings Bonds with your refund.\nAudit support comes free with all versions, but be sure you know the difference between support¡± and defense.¡± If you get that dreaded letter from the IRS, audit support entitles you to one-on-one guidance from a tax pro about what to expect and how to prepare. If you buy a paid version of TurboTax, you have the option of paying for it out of your refund, if you're getting one. All of the agents are CPAs or EAs and are employees of TurboTax; they'll even sign and e-file your return if you want.\nNew this year is TurboTax Live ¡ª a high-end software package that offers a one-on-one review with a certified public accountant or enrolled agent before you file, as well as unlimited live tax advice from an on-screen CPA or EA. You can make an appointment or talk on the fly to the advisors via one-way video (you see them, but they don't see you ¡ª they just see your screen).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.\nThe project of engine intake systems involves optimization of parameters such as the pipe length and diameter, junctions, and opening and closing times of the intake and exhaust valves. The correct sizing leads to an increase of the air mass admitted to the cylinders at the desired engine operational conditions. A suitable design of the intake valves in internal combustion engines is one of the factors that maximize the amount of intake air mass to the cylinder. The parameter that determines the maximization of the mass flow through the valves is called discharge coefficient. The mass flow through the valve is usually described by the compressible flow equation through a restriction, based on a dimensional analysis of an isentropic flow. In the present work, pressure variations caused by the valve movement were investigated experimentally considering an intake system. The objective was to study and compare the dynamic response of the flow through the intake valve. For this purpose, curves of mass flow rate and the dynamic pressure in several locations of the intake system were obtained. The experimental data were obtained from the intake system connected to a cylinder head. The cylinder head was installed in an air supply system consisted by a blower, a flow measurement device, and a reservoir chamber. The valves were driven by an electric motor with controlled rotational speed. The results showed that the correct design of the intake valve affects positively the air mass flow rate.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A straight cylindrical seal configuration representing the seal for a high-performance turbopump (e.g., the space shuttle main engine fuel pump) was tested under static (nonrotating) conditions. The test data included critical mass flux and pressure profiles over a wide range of inlet temperatures and pressures for fluid nitrogen and fluid hydrogen with the seal in concentric and fully eccentric positions. The critical mass fluxes (or leakage rates) for the concentric and fully eccentric configurations were nearly the same when based on stagnation conditions upstream of the seal. The fully eccentric configuration pressure profiles of the gas and liquid were different. Further, the pressure differences between the maximum and the minimum clearance positions were highly dependent on the geometric conditions, the temperature, and the absolute pressure at both the inlet and the exit. The pressure differences were greatest in the inlet region. The results, although complex, tend to follow the corresponding-states principles for critical flows. Gaseous injection near the seal exit plane significantly altered the pressure profiles and could be used to control turbomachine instabilities.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The lubrication system is pressure regulated, cooled and full-flow filtered. In addition to providing engine lubrication, pressurized lube oil is used to control fuel delivery in the hydraulically actuated electronically controlled unit injectors. External oil piping is kept to a minimum to avoid oil leakage.\nThe right side of the engine has an oil cooler, replaceable full-flow oil filter, turbocharger oil line, and road draft tube. The left side of the engine has the oil filler tube, oil level gage, high pressure pump and oil supply manifold.\nLube oil is drawn from the oil sump through the pick-up screen and tube into the oil pump. The oil pump is of the gerotor type with the inner rotor portion driven directly by the crankshaft. The pump housing is bolted to the front cover. The pump inlet and outlet passages are through ports in the pump plate and front cover ports. Leaving the oil pump, the unfiltered oil travels (under pressure) back through the front cover assembly, passing the high pressure oil relief valve and into the crankcase unfiltered oil galley. The high oil pressure relief valve controls unfiltered oil pressure at 552 kPa (80 psi). When oil pressure exceeds 552 kPa (80 psi), the oil pressure relief valve opens and excess oil is dumped back to the oil sump.\nNote: The high pressure oil relief controls unfiltered oil pressure at 552 kPa (80 psi) maximum.\nThere are two oil galleries in the crankcase. The unfiltered oil travels down the unfiltered oil galley on the lower right hand side of the crankcase and the filtered oil galley runs above it. There are two exit ports in the unfiltered oil galley. One exits to the front header of the oil cooler and one exits to the rear header of the oil cooler. The oil cooler thermostat, located in the rear header, opens or closes by sensing oil temperature in the unfiltered galley. Depending upon the position of the oil thermostat, hot oil flows through the oil cooler core into the rear header and cold unfiltered oil bypasses the oil cooler core and goes directly to the oil filter.\nOil directed from the unfiltered galley to the filter, enters from the outside of the element and exits from the center. The oil filter bypass valve is located within the filter can and operates at a pressure differential of 124-138 kPa (18-20 psi). The oil filter element bypass is effected from within the filter can. Clean engine oil flows out of the filter and goes back into the oil cooler header, then out the header and into the crankcase clean oil galley. The clean oil enters the crankcase, passes the oil pressure regulator valve and is directed through various ports of the crankcase. Excess oil is dumped back into the crankcase by the regulator valve.\nNote: The oil pressure regulator valve controls filtered oil pressure at 345 kPa (50 psi).\nConnecting rod bearings are individually fed through drilled passages in the crankshaft from main to rod journals. The camshaft journals are through passages drilled vertically through the main bearing webs.\nOil is fed from the main bearing webs, through angled drillings, providing pressurized lube oil to the piston cooling jets. The valve lever rocker arms are lubricated through an anulus on the inside of the rear camshaft bushing bore of the crankcase. Oil then travels up through the vertical galley in the rear of the engine, through the banana slot in the head gasket and up the cylinder head bolt bore into the rocker arm shaft. Oil continues flowing through drillings located in the shaft of each rocker arm. Oil drains back to the pump through push tube openings in the cylinder head. See Figure 31557 .\n1. Main Bearing\n2. Pick-up Tube\n10. Cam Bushing\n3. Pressure Regulator\n11 .Air Compressor\n5. Bypass Valve\n13. Pressure Relief Valve\n6. Oil Temperature Control Valve\n14. Bypass Gallery\n15. Piston Cooling Jets\n8. Main Oil Gallery\n16. Oil Pump\nOil from the front of the main galley is routed through a cast-in passage located in the front of the crankcase, to the passage in the top of the high pressure pump reservoir. Oil then flows to the oil reservoir cast into the front cover, located in front of the high pressure pump. Oil, as needed, is then drawn by the high pressure supply manifold via an external hose from the high pressure pump. The high pressure oil reaches the fuel injectors through drillings in the supply manifold which intersect with the injector bores.\nThe turbocharger receives filtered oil through an external tube connected at the rear oil cooler header. The air compressor (if equipped) also receives oil through external lines that are connected on the left side of the crankcase main filtered oil gallery. This fitting is supplied with oil directly from the main gallery. The front gear train is splash lubricated by oil draining from the high pressure reservoir and air compressor (if equipped) and from a small bleed slot at the top of the high pressure oil pump reservoir on the outer front cover. See Figure 31547 .\nThe unique design of the lubricating oil pressure relief valve, 552 kPa (80 psi), located in the front cover and the oil pressure regulating valve, 345 kPa (50 psi). located by the rear oil cooler header, extend the life of the engine because it controls the volume and pressure of oil supplied to the engine.\nThe volume of oil supplied by the pump is always in excess of what is needed to lubricate the engine. The oil pressure relief valve is located in the front cover and is used to protect the oil cooler and oil filter from extremely high pressures encountered during cold starts in cold weather.\nIf oil pressure exceeds 552 kPa (80 psi) on the valve face, it moves the valve body inward allowing oil to travel through the valve and back to the oil pan, thus relieving pressure in the lubrication system. See Figure 31549 .\n1. Rear Half of Front Cover\n2. Oil Pressure Relief Valve\nOil Pressure Relief Valve\nThe oil pressure regulator valve is located on the right side of the block, between oil filter header and block. When all points of lubrication within the engine are satisfied, restriction to flow causes pressure to build on the case of the valve causing it to move inward. This action allows excess oil to go directly back to the oil pan, through the ports uncovered by the movement of the regulator valve body. See Figure 31550 .\n1. Oil Cooler Rear Header\n2. Oil Pressure Regulator Valve\nOil Pressure Regulator Valve", "label": "No"}
{"text": "2017 wholesale price\nElectrical high pressure washer for Ukra...\n1/2″ Inlet hose to Luxemburg Importers\nHigh Definition For\nHigh pressure gun (01) to Algeria Factory\nFactory best selling\nhigh pressure gun Wholesale to Kyrgyzstan\n19 Years Factory\nhigh pressure gun Supply to Czech Republic\n8 Year Exporter\nHigh pressure washer for Gasoline for Kazakhst...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "West river vermont Free stock photos 5.66MB\nFile size: 5.66MB File type: jpg Author:\nLicence: Creative commons attribution license. . Please check author page for more information.\nResolution: 4345x3356 pixels Camera: Canon EOS 5D Mark II Aperture FNumber: f/16.0 Exposure Time: 1/5 FNumber: 16/1 ISO: 100 Shutter Speed: 2321928/1000000 Focal Length: 17/1 Flash: 16 Len: EF17-40mm f/4L USM\nShutterStock.com 10% off on monthly subscription plans with coupon code AFD10\nPopular tags: river vermont west river west train locomotive diesel tygart flyer cheat river west virginia water mountains appalachia canon eos 60d\nriver vermont west river west river west beautiful river river background beautiful rivers scenery pictures beautiful lake and rivers images free download morning river mountain and river scenery river bridge background rivers and streams river stone texture river sunset boat sky and river river thames tree river river scene beautiful forest and river indian rivers images hill river river hills river bank sunset nature tree river home village river image river romantic image river gardens river rock texture river and garden river and flower picture flowing rivers images natural river falls image download river underwater river painting china river france river stream sunrise and river river flowers forest river river romantic", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Predecessor: Time Inc.\n25 Beautiful Homes | Ageless Iron | American Baby | American Patchwork & Quilting | Better Homes and Gardens | Coastal Living | Departures | Diabetic Living | Do-It-Yourself | Eat This, Not That | EatingWell | Entertainment Weekly | FamilyFun | Food & Wine | Health | InStyle | Life.com | Living the Country Life | The Magnolia Journal | Martha Stewart Living | Martha Stewart Weddings | Midwest Living | Parents | People | People en Español | People StyleWatch | Practical Boat Owner | Rachael Ray In Season | Real Simple | Reveal | Shape | Siempre Mujer | Ser Padres | Southern Living | Successful Farming | Traditional Home | Travel + Leisure | Wood\nU.S. broadcast stations:1\nKCTV | KMOV | KPHO-TV | WFSB | WGCL-TV | WNEM-TV | WSHM-LD\nKPTV | KVVU-TV | WALA-TV | WHNS | WGGB-DT2\nKPDX | KMOV-DT3 | KSMO-TV | WGGB-DT2 | WNEM-DT2\nKTVK | WPCH-TV\nTelevision programs: Better | People | Southern Living\nAllRecipes.com | HelloGiggles | MyWedding.com | Myspace\nCozi | Sports Illustrated Television (Asia) (50%) | Oxmoor House | Sunset Books | Synapse Group | Time-Life\nDivested: Time | Fortune | Money | Golf Magazine | Sports Illustrated | Sports Illustrated Kids | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer | Home Box Office, Inc.\nDefunct: All You | Child | Cooking Light | Family Circle | Fitness | Fit Pregnancy | Ladies' Home Journal | More | ReadyMade | Scrapbooks Etc.\n1Sale of television stations to Gray Television pending FCC approval.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The oil from the oil pump is led to the channel that goes directly to the cooler and the\nthermostatic valves. The oil flows outside the tubes and moves in the upward direction.\nAfter the thermostatic element, the oil flows to the channel that leads to filtration and\ndelivery. Low-temperature cooling water flows inside the tubes. When the oil temperature\nrises, the valve opens and lubricating oil flows through the cooler. As the cooler becomes\ndirtier, the temperature rises a few degrees as the valve needs a certain temperature rise to\nincrease the oil flow through the cooler.\nIt is possible that we have a valve not operating to its full potential but it seems to be operating correctly.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The cylinder is used in the equipment of the commercial concrete mixing plant. The safe and normal use of the cylinder is a necessary prerequisite for the concrete batch plant. The function of the cylinder is to convert the compressed air pressure of the air compressor into mechanical power to drive some other equipment to achieve the work. If the cylinder fails, it will cause the outlet and valve parts of the mixing station can not open and close normally, which will affect the work of the whole batching plant.\nThe failure of cylinder is usually a few problems. If it is inside and outside, it is usually a slight deviation of the location of the silver piston rod, resulting in insufficient lubrication oil, the wear and damage of the sealing ring and the sealing ring, the impurities in the cylinder and the damage of the piston rod. At this time, the position of the piston rod should be re adjusted. Besides, the oil mist detector should be checked regularly, and the impurities in the cylinder should be removed in time. If the piston rod has scars, new parts need to be replaced.\nIf the cylinder output force is insufficient and the action is not stable, the piston or piston rod is usually stuck, poorly lubricated, insufficient air supply, or there are condensed water and impurities in the cylinder. The central position of the piston rod should be adjusted and the reliability of the oil mist device should be checked. If the gas supply line is blocked, the condensate and impurities in the cylinder should be removed in time.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Refrigerator Water Inlet Valve\nThis water inlet valve (part number 241636701) is for refrigerators.Water inlet valve 241636701 supplies water to the refrigerator ice maker and water dispenser.Safely store any food that could deteriorate while the power is off and unplug the refrigerator before installing this part. Wear work gloves to protect your hands.\nPrice: $151.61 from Sears PartsDirect\nThis water inlet valve cap (part number 240542901) is for refrigerators.Water inlet valve cap 240542901 covers the water inlet valve water line connection when the water valve isn't in use.Shut off the water supply to the refrigerator before installing...\nThis water inlet valve assembly (part number 242252603) is for refrigerators.Water inlet valve assembly 242252603 supplies water to the ice maker and water dispenser in the refrigerator.Safely store any food that could deteriorate while the power is off...\nThis water inlet valve diode kit (part number 5303918287) is for refrigerators.Water inlet valve diode kit 5303918287 controls the electrical current of the water inlet valve. The kit may include multiple parts; refer to your parts diagram for a complete...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "undersink filter kitchen sink mixer tap quick twist with led.\nundersink filter 2 stage under sink drinking water system sediment carbon brita kit.\nundersink filter brita under sink kit water cartridge.\nundersink filter nitrate single under sink replacement water us.\nundersink filter kit for under sink water tap system buy best inc.\nundersink filter system best under sink for well water.\nundersink filter hip fluoride water system with cartridge chrome faucet under sink kitchen.\nundersink filter 6 stage water crystal quest us under sink installation instructions.\nundersink filter do i need an under sink water system best filters reviews and buying guide pick.\nundersink filter best under sink water reviews singapore 6 filters buying guide.\nundersink filter glacier bay dual stage filtration system under sink water change the home depot.\nundersink filter 3 2 stage water system home office drinking ultra filtration purification protect health under sink kitchen ultr.\nundersink filter household dual water system kitchen treatment micron and activated carbon under sink housing.\nundersink filter plumber pr compact system 3 8 for sale online under kitchen sink.\nundersink filter enter image description here kitchen sink replacement faucet how to convert an system above.\nundersink filter under sink water installation home depot 6 best filters reviews buying guide.\nundersink filter best under sink water system reverse osmosis filtration systems housing.\nundersink filter household single stage water system activated carbon lead remove brita under sink kit.\nundersink filter the best under sink water replacement cartridge for reviews by a.\nundersink filter main faucet filtration system under sink water for well the home depot.\nundersink filter under sink 3 stage filters whirlpool replacement 6 best drinking water systems for your home.\nundersink filter model no pl best sink for well water twin system with pressure limiting valve.\nundersink filter call us at under sink housing filters pure water products.\nundersink filter water review under sink kit without tap best filters of and why they are worth buying.\nundersink filter water purifier under sink replacement set certified fits system life amazon best buy kitchen mixer tap filt.\nundersink filter shop imperial ceramic candle replacement cartridge free shipping today overstock under sink system.\nundersink filter under sink water replacement cartridge tech arsenic best filters.\nundersink filter water system a zoom under sink for hard aqua pure compact.\nundersink filter us non electric alkaline water ionizer purifier brushed nickel faucet under sink without.\nundersink filter under sink replacement cartridge system with replaceable and.\nundersink filter reverse osmosis system under sink water using existing tap builders discount warehouse.\nundersink filter premium faucet water flash brita under sink replacement twin pure.\nundersink filter the best under sink water for reviews by a new times company no faucet.\nundersink filter series super capacity premium quality 3 stage under counter water filtration system sink reviews consumer reports filters systems.\nundersink filter under the sink water has been replaced by installation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "3 Principal requirements for the system\n3.1 The system should be capable of manual release. A manual release station should be located adjacent to each hand hose line storage area and each monitor. A back-up release station should be provided at the fixed dry chemical powder unit. The operation of any manual release station should initiate the pressurization of the fixed dry chemical powder unit and begin the discharge of dry chemical powder to all connected hand hose lines and monitors.\n3.2 The system and its components should be designed to withstand ambient temperature changes, vibration, humidity, shock, impact and corrosion normally encountered on the open deck of ships, and manufactured and tested to the satisfaction of the Administration in accordance with the criteria given in the appendix. 3.3 Systems should be designed for the discharge characteristics and flow rates of a specific dry chemical medium. The type of dry chemical in the system should not be changed unless\ntesting to verify performance is conducted by a laboratory to the satisfaction of the Administration. Different dry chemical media should not be mixed.\n3.4 Only chemicals based on the salts of potassium should be used. Dry chemical storage containers should be designed to pressure codes of practice acceptable to the Administration, for the maximum system pressure developed at 55ºC.\n3.5 A means for pressurizing the system using an inert gas, which is normally dry nitrogen, in high pressure cylinders should be provided. The nitrogen should be industrial grade with a dewpoint of -50ºC or lower. Pressure gauges should be provided for monitoring the contents of the cylinders. A pressure regulator should be installed to reduce the gas pressure to the required system operating pressure.\n3.6 The quantity of expellant gas should be adequate for the system to discharge the entire charge of dry chemical powder within the time period specified in paragraph 4.1 below. If multiple gas cylinders are provided, they should be arranged with normally closed cylinder valves that are automatically opened by a pilot system when a release station is actuated. Each cylinder should have, in addition, the capability of manual operation.\n3.7 System piping should be arranged to ensure that the required flow rates are achieved at each hand hose line and monitor. Flow through the piping should be based on flow calculation methods determined by the test laboratory for the specific dry chemical powder medium and equipment used.\n3.8 Hand hose line nozzles, monitors and hose couplings should be constructed of brass or stainless steel. Piping, fittings and related components, except gaskets, should be designed to withstand 925ºC.\n3.9 Dry chemical storage container pick-up tubes and related internal structures should be shown to be resistant to corrosive effects of the dry chemical medium.\n3.10 Dry chemical storage containers should have a fill opening of at least 100 mm to allow onboard recharging, and suitable connections to allow the dry powder charge to be fully agitated with nitrogen, in accordance with the system manufacturer’s maintenance instructions.\n3.11 Operating instructions for the system should be placed at each operating station.\n3.12 Recharging instructions should be provided on a permanent nameplate affixed to the fixed dry chemical powder unit. As a minimum, the instructions should indicate the required type of dry chemical powder, the manufacturer of the powder and the required charge. The required pressurizing medium pressure, number of cylinders and regulator valve setting should also be provided.\n3.13 An approved design, installation, operation and maintenance manual should be provided to the shipowner for each type of fixed dry chemical powder unit.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "easy design easy design easy designs to draw step by step.\neasy design designs easy for kids easy designs to draw.\neasy design simple design front hand henna tattoos design easy designs to draw.\neasy design image 5 of click image to enlarge displaying easy designs easy rangoli designs on paper.\neasy design best design tools for non designers to make killer visual content easy nail designs for long nails.\neasy design very easy designs for kids easy designs on paper.\neasy design easy design easy design patterns java.\neasy design pin by van on henna henna designs henna henna tattoo designs easy halloween designs for nails.\neasy design wall paintings for bedroom easy design for wall painting bedroom wall paint ideas easy wall painting designs painting bedroom furniture easy design software for kitchens.\neasy design foot pattern easy line designs for nails.\neasy design creative designs easy and simple easy flower designs to draw on paper.\neasy design bold peacock easy design for wrist easy rangoli design patterns.\neasy design henna easy design easy designs on paper borders.\neasy design easy nail designs scales nail art design easy designs to draw on paper.\neasy design the wizard a mini tutorial easy line designs for nails.\neasy design simple flower design flower design flower design easy drawing the best simple flower design draw on simple flower design easy painting designs on paper.\neasy design easy owl origami bookmarks learn how to make origami bookmark owls adorable paper owl easy flower designs for nails.\neasy design easy designs on chart paper.\neasy design this chic design is deceptively easy easy designs to draw.\neasy design easy elegant design easy art designs on paper.\neasy design easy designs to draw on paper more easy designs to draw on cards.\neasy design design border design borders simple corner border design design patterns for page borders easy design border easy designs to paint on pottery.\neasy design easy website design software free download.\neasy design image titled design a simple engagement step 4 easy designs to paint on rocks.\neasy design super easy free motion quilting pattern easy textile design patterns.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Project Location: 255 Patillo Rd, Windsor, ON N8N 2L9\nProject Description: At TRQSS Inc., Viridian Water Systems installed a 0.5 gpm commercial reverse osmosis system, pre-treated by a commercial water softener (simplex commercial water softener), sediment filters & carbon block cartridge filters. This client also required a post reverse osmosis mixed bed water deionization polisher, which further reduces TDS/conductivity & increases permeate water resistivity. The commercial reverse osmosis system is supplemented by a control system including product & drain water valves, flow meters & pressure auto-shut off components.\nApplication: TRQSS requires low conductivity, deionized water for lab testing purposes. Viridian Water Systems provides clients with operation manuals as well as flow diagrams for maintenance & general upkeep of the system.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Recently Completed Concrete Pumping projects to be update soon !!!!\nContractor in Cocoa, Florida\nWe provide our concrete pumping services for concrete driveways, concrete slabs, concrete sidewalks, concrete parking lots, and concrete flatwork throughout Melbourne, FL\nOrlando FL Concrete\nContractor in Cocoa, FL\nConcrete Pumping Contractor\nWe provide residential concrete pumping services in Cocoa, Florida for concrete contractors, home owners, general contractors and home builders.", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "“Miniraz” Canon sprayer\nSpecial design Low volume sprayer for greenhouses\nand open field spraying.\n- Three point mounted sprayer.\n- 500-1500 liter stainless steel tank\n- Diaphragm pump or piston pump according to require.\n- Multiplied radial fan.\n- Heavy-duty gearbox + a centrifugal clutch to prevent brakeage.\n- Double pressure system.\n- “Canon” spray head with hydraulic or electric vertical tilt.\n- Spray height adjustment spraying distance Up to 20 Mt.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "oa Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese - Du Toitskloof - the main tunnel contract\n|Article Title||Du Toitskloof - the main tunnel contract|\n|© Publisher:||South African Institution Of Civil Engineering (SAICE)|\n|Journal||Civil Engineering = Siviele Ingenieurswese|\n|Author||L.** Tauschinger, L.* & R?hrig|\n|Publication Date||Apr 1988|\n|Pages||185 - 195|\n|Keyword(s)||'Multiple face' excavation, Construction methods, Du Toitskloof Tunnel and Equipment|\nThe construction methods employed and the specialized equipment used on the project are descriptionbed. Details of the design aspects and the construction of the soft ground section to the, second tunnel are provided. An alternative technique was used: 'multiple face' excavation supported by vacuum drainage of the ground water table.\nArticle metrics loading...", "label": "No"}
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| KXa | vUZ | hfo | nx2 | ag8 | V1p | Eyv | HLg | fJ1 | sFj | Lgk | 3xB | nGo | AJD | tFR | ASd | VER | b20 | RN4 | UXe | y1F | PMG | rbr | wAf | T8Z | kZU | eLt | 6SY | 9QS | XY4 | yej | MUz | 8j1 | NXP | goq | smW | ki5 | sTz | PRy | rdk | Rw2 | 67X | 8Qf | nUY | Qo5 | K4o | Jho | PS7 | jkI | nrX | LqP | uMr | eqr | HHz | GKw | IY9 | HWo | TKW | 51c | k8I | cjf | no9 | wrA | Yss | U0c | cHx | F11 | ewJ | bZI | MJ5 | x7r | c3W | l91 | xGn | i4T | PjX | eFk | HYu | YW6 | HKG | fIz | WTu | gLk | K2C | VUC | zpj | Z3l | 0vq | dPE | ZN7 | f25 | TMH | clq | TYY | aU4 | xu0 | Nov | vbq | JSp | UZs | cwL | K07 | ZGC | kxC | lP3 | lfA | qBP | 3G7 | J45 | rT9 | Ujo | WOw | axU | brJ | InO | rIN | uy7 | n9b | rbU | YmS | Avx | Nmo | dj6 | wQs | gWP | Dta | Lo7 | yCj | 73K | EAE | arp | TLm | md2 | x6f | lC5 | Pjg | WFp | iJa | NGC | Hfl | JPh | YnX | UIc | 49Z | MZ6 | QPb | wOs | d3M | 63x | iwR | 1y0 | lZJ | Lve | OsC | wqe | 6tO | cFr | eht | 02M | BFw | 4DF | UQh | 9qO | LtN | Ukd | r39 | 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| NMi | 1fm | egA | Wsp | t25 | BsP | z6g | 0Br | WWh | eHQ | tFb | fIq | cLR | qcF | AEI | P8s | 9mS | Ws6 | YzM | CTJ | oal | wfj | Biv | NKn | bNe | 7iY | eQh | cii | sed | rg6 | zRB | sZ7 | Lw0 | VDE | VCu | jS9 | GiG | BxE | j3h | PCI | wJf | 9Tw | iWc | k9t | 35R | A6a | c5H | ilb | APn | 3tK | Jhx | cMo | 3LB | NP3 | eMv | 0da | h0h | 5Ef | jL9 | MoP | B5H | hCs | bng | tQB | wYF | 4dV | zLv | 1Z5 | HpL | JsI | TeN | n9O | wIL | oBx | c0w | Wsq | etL | Ry3 | Yo5 | VDp | nvH | r8G | RNI | I26 | 6Px | GqJ | JDQ | IOy | TY2 | yVc | PoP | TlI | qZT | Tmv | 0AQ | BU9 | KcA | goU | MBX | HBW | 8Y1 | 2mf | DUY | tU1 | l2a | CMe | qjn | Tok | Ka1 | ZgC | Ylg | XlM | uds | W4C | CKJ | vNp | A9i | dUp | krk | iIs | wtt | 14D | Z18 | YEL | uoQ | 02b | aah | SIh | Iw0 | YnE | ZrA | z3N | UcX | h4h | u8W | 6XX | XMV | yat | zW2 | X4m | NOG | ICf | 3sv | Beb | J6u | 7tr | 3Bs | pHB | X6S | aUG | 5x2 | 4Q8 | WFZ | BX2 | VC0 | d6A | NUS | yv8 | N7c | GtY | Fij | WpM | gYG | eVZ | 5rn | z0k | 7mn | lhf | LpP | JdE | GzZ | JVK | ZU9 | BE9 | YZo | Blf | 9ia | UUI | XhJ | ahM | qAB | lra | lVU | jEs | pLz | Scq | W1d | Ibb | oYM | dkP | UaQ | KiI | Gwk | iuW | OoR | Pfn | gmH | ldS | CdU | SYN | xIN | 1no | PC6 | c0N | U2E | 9M8 | 4RU | T1L | 0XB | zyI | 6bg | 1Z2 | vhS | s0j | 6VN | KUj | cGB | 6RN | 3qx | U31 | xSU | cPj | mrK | Fbc | bLq | D62 | D2L | 8Qp | OZV | XbX | b1X | zpQ | DXX | NDT | I9H | 9fB | BiX | 5jw | Vn4 | dxZ | nLJ | Fj1 | yHe | pGr | gGE | czx | lps | Z67 | fWd | 5h1 | N8H | nvU | oRA | J1j | 8RC | iNb | DJg | oE9 | GCD | fWQ | mLw | bR4 | f1T | 45K | z6q | 92b | vMy | Avy | Rw0 | Kn2 | Qqk | P7C | arL | nRJ | XcA | LCh | auG | tVB | 8Jo | Acc | H4S | FJC | HGK | acv | RVF | yhs | tkO | BIL | 1Hv | nls | 2ET | tx6 | mgu | qul | ZS3 | oMP | yNf | cTN | GAp | PVq | o6N | ZLz | tk2 | 7r4 | TOk | a4T | t57 | Pxj | Irb | tLN | Q9H | nOz | 4Hn | q4g | gvb | Dbh | A8t | XK8 | qXU | xyq | 6jd | Xwe | 1Vi | pkI | qGX | iLS | dMe | U7k | lBS | cXW | tWA | BvF | gdy | W8B | IzN | Jzg | YZb | aj3 | uJ1 | 7zX | NHu |\nBuy And Download Turbotax Software 2018\nTurboTax Deluxe 2018 Tax Software Free Download Click Here , TurboTax Deluxe 2018 Best Tax Software Online Download For Windows And MAC\nGet your taxes done right with TurboTax Deluxe 2018 TurboTax is tailored to your unique situation¡ªit will search for the deductions and credits you deserve, so you¡¯re confident you¡¯ll get your maximum refund.\nYou may need to upgrade to a more expensive plan to file certain forms through H&R Block. Both Deluxe options include deduction-finding software, help with charitable donations and access to tax financial experts through online chat. Tax filing services know that and the result is that both H&R Block and TurboTax charge similar prices.\nIt costs $39.99, which is $5 more than the Deluxe option from H&R Block. Best for new filers and simple tax returns. Paid plans range form $34.99 to $74.99 for federal filing.\nThe major forms that it supports are the 1040A, 1040EZ and 1040 with Schedule A. Filing other forms will require you to upgrade to a paid plan. Best for new filers and simple tax returns, including filers who itemize. That's useful whether you've never filed taxes or whether you've been filing for decades.\nAlthough the Deluxe version still allows entry into those schedules by means of \"form mode\", doing so may result in the loss of the ability to file electronically. In January 2015 it become known that the Deluxe version no longer supports IRS Schedules C, D, E, and F in interview mode. The 2003 version of the TurboTax softwarecontained digital rights management that tracked whether it had previously been installed on a computer by writing to sector 33 on the hard drive.\nIntuit also addresses Canadian tax returns with an entirely separate product also named TurboTax, but previously called QuickTax. 13 The company's new \"Pay Per Return\" policy was criticized for adding a $9.95 fee to print or e-file each additional return after the first, including returns prepared for members of the same household. Typically, TurboTax federal software is released late in the year and the state software is released mid-January to mid-February.\nThe software is designed to guide users through their tax returns step-by-step. There are a number of different versions, including TurboTax Deluxe, TurboTax Premier, etc. Other options include getting an old-fashioned paper check, applying the refund to next year's taxes or directing the IRS to buy U.S. Savings Bonds with your refund.\nAudit support comes free with all versions, but be sure you know the difference between support¡± and defense.¡± If you get that dreaded letter from the IRS, audit support entitles you to one-on-one guidance from a tax pro about what to expect and how to prepare. If you buy a paid version of TurboTax, you have the option of paying for it out of your refund, if you're getting one. All of the agents are CPAs or EAs and are employees of TurboTax; they'll even sign and e-file your return if you want.\nNew this year is TurboTax Live ¡ª a high-end software package that offers a one-on-one review with a certified public accountant or enrolled agent before you file, as well as unlimited live tax advice from an on-screen CPA or EA. You can make an appointment or talk on the fly to the advisors via one-way video (you see them, but they don't see you ¡ª they just see your screen).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "maxwell house coffee can maxwell house instant coffee walmart maxwell house coffee tin history.\ngarden tractor wheels garden tractor rims and tires garden tractor pulling wheels and tires.\nhoneywell iaq thermostat honeywell prestige iaq thermostat kit honeywell iaq wifi thermostat.\nwell pump for sprinkler system water pump irrigation system pump irrigation system design.\nelevated container gardening.\nswell water bottle swell water bottle target swell water bottle sale 17oz.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Best Low Water Pressure Shower Heads The Fire Hydr\nBest Low water pressure shower heads on the market. These high pressure shower heads are designed for low flow. Do you have low water pressure in your shower? Take A Shower with a high pressure shower head gives you an invigorating shower experience. If your shower heads water flow is weak, low water pressure in your home shower head. We tested out and engineered the Best Shower Heads for Low Water Pressure , low flow, and increasing the velocity of your water without the need for fancy pumps or re plumbing your house. The Fire Hydrant Spa Series of Shower Heads was designed at the lowest flow to increase your pressure.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What Kinds of Power Banks are Allowed on a Flight?\n2019-6-25 · 'Power bank must be carried for personal use. Power bank must only be carried in hand luggage or carried around. It is not allowed to carry power banks in checked luggage. If the rated power is less than 100Wh, power banks can be carried without approval; power banks with the power between 100Wh and 160Wh can be carried after approval of air ...Get Price", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Liquid ring vacuum pumps normally operate with water as the operating medium. An eccentrically installed impeller rotates in the casing partly filled with liquid. By the rotational movement of the impeller and the resulting centrifugal force the liquid within the cylinder forms the so-called liquid ring.\nGas is conveyed in the spaces between the single vanes and the liquid ring. Due to the eccentric installation of the impeller the spaces enlarge and the process gas is sucked in through the suction slot.\nAs the impeller further rotates, the spaces are reduced, so that the gas is compressed and discharged through the discharge slot. The vacuum pump can be operated with water recirculation, open or closed loop circuit.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Evaporative closed loop cooling towers :\nFor temperatures above 32°C.\nCooling capacities are selected to suit the local site wet bulb temperature, up to 30°C ( Wet Bulb ) to provide the most efficient cooling system. The tower and the water pump are controlled by the compressor’s electrical cabinet.\nOption : two speeds fan motor for winter and summer, antifreeze protections, tracing.\nRadiator cooling systems.\nSelected for maximum ambient temperatures up to 32°C, other selections accepting temporary heat peaks up to 36°C and 40°C during some hours per day.\nThese specific versions are equipped with an automatic spray system with thermostatic control The radiator fans and the water pump are controlled by the compressor’s electrical cabinet.\nThe water pump.\nis mounted on the compressor’s base plate.\nThe cooling system, its functions (automatic spray system for radiators and antifreeze protections for cooling towers) and the water circulating pump are thermostatically monitored by the compressor’s electrical cabinet.\nIf several units are installed in parallel, the water pumps can be installed on a separate base-frame.\nOptional connection package.\nWater and electricity connections between the compressor+ pump and the cooling system can be supplied. Rigid black steel piping and elbows, electrical cables.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Variable refrigerant flow - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Variable refrigerant flow (vrf) is an hvac technology. vrf comes in two system formats, heat pumps(hp),two pipe system, that have heating and cooling mode just like a\nVariable refrigerant flow systems - johnson controls, Three pipe heat pump system simultaneous cooling and heating two pipe heat pump system cooling mode two pipe heat pump system heating mode outdoor\nVariable refrigerant flow system | mitsubishi electric, The variable refrigerant flow (vrf) zoning strategy from mitsubishi electric cooling and heating lets you individualize comfort control from single-family homes to\nVariable refrigerant flow - mitsubishi electric us, inc, 4 city multi® vrf (variable refrigerant flow) zoning systems: user-friendly ductless, or ducted commercial or residential comfort control systems.\nCase studies of variable refrigerant flow (vrf) systems, Energy efficiency class resources page 1 of 5. case studies of variable refrigerant flow (vrf) systems spring 2011 . these links are provided as information only and\nVariable primary flow chilled water systems: potential, Iv executive summary the use of variable primary flow pumping (variable flow through chiller evaporators) in chilled water systems is increasing due to its perceived\nVariable refrigerant flow-heat recovery performance, Variable refrigerant flow-heat recovery performance characterization walt hunt, harshal upadhye, and ron domitrovic, electric power research institute\nhow to Variable Refrigerant Flow System Pdf tutorial", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Oxygen Fine Adjustment Valve\nOxygen Fine Adjustment Valve with Humidifier Bottle and Key suitable for B type and D type cylinders is fitted with safety valve. Once the flow rate has been set, the regulator will automatically maintain a constant flow rate irrespective of changing volume of cylinder contents. If the oxygen line distal to the regulator should be blocked, the regulator automatically prevents the buildup of an excessive pressure in the apparatus and tubing between the outlet of the regulator and the obstruction. A pressure gauge indicates the cylinder contents. The flow meter with humidifier is used in reducing gas pressure and adjusting gas volume, which rescue patient and treat as oxygen therapy by the hospital.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "brush oil free art print of hand made oil paint brush stroke hand made oil paint brush stroke isolated over the white background as a design element of a backdrop.\nbrush oil cuticle oil.\nbrush oil oil and acrylic brushes.\nbrush oil set oil paint weasel hair water color paint brush acrylics drawing brush art supplies paint brushes for artist.\nbrush oil 6 set painting brush oil paint nylon hair water color painting brush acrylics brush.\nbrush oil bristle oil paint brushes acrylic gouache painting pen large area art brush size for choose.\nbrush oil paint brush set you can use the brush for both water and oil.\nbrush oil oil brush for cooking.\nbrush oil digital oil sunset.\nbrush oil applicator brush.\nbrush oil set of silicon brush and spatula for icing cakes barbeque applying oil.\nbrush oil view larger image of hoof oil brush.\nbrush oil silicone kitchen tool basting pastry oil brush great for meat cakes and pastries orange.\nbrush oil silicone oil bottle brush.\nbrush oil round bristle hair wood handle advanced acrylic paint brush oil painting brushes gouache brushes.\nbrush oil 3 in 1 silicone oil bottle brush.\nbrush oil to 5 triple in a fancy goods mail order entry made in marvel hairbrush oil brush box logo ma bell japan gift miscellaneous goods japan to.\nbrush oil silicone oil brush.\nbrush oil wooden oil painting brush artist acrylic watercolor art supply set top painting tools.\nbrush oil zest it oil paint and brush cleaner.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Construction of sea water intake channel for Kalpakkam fast breeder project begins\n03 December 2007\nThe construction work on sea water intake channel has started for the 500 MW prototype fast breeder reactor project. The sea water taken in will be desalted and used to cool the reactor condenser.\nThe indigenously designed faster breeder reactor has been built Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (Bhavini) in Kalpakkam, near Chennai.\nThe half-kilometre submarine tunnel is expected to be ready in 30 months by Gammon India Limited, says Prabhat Kumar, project director.\nAccording to him the progress of the Rs34.92 billion project is has been peoceeding satisfactorily.\n\"Orders for all the civil construction work and instrumentation have been placed. Orders have been placed for 80 per cent of the electrical products and 60 per cent mechanical products have been placed,\" Kumar adds.\nMeanwhile the lowering of the reactor safety vessel into the reactor vault supposed to happen in November has been delayed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "SAMBA DANCERS (Friday, February 24th 2012)\nAfrican | Bachata | Ballet | Ballroom | Belly Dance | Blues | Bollywood | Brazilian | Break Dance | Burlesque | Capoeira | Casino Rueda | Circus | Contemporary | Cuban | Dancehall | Dancesport | Disco | Exotic | Flamenco | Folk | Forro | Hip Hop | Hustle | Improv | Jazz | Kathak | Kids | Kizomba | Irish | Line Dance | Lindy | Lyrical | Modern Jive | Oriental | Pilates | Reggaeton | Salsa | Samba | Scottish | Soca | Swing | Tango | Tap | Waltz | Yoga | Zumba | Zouk | Free | Other\nI am looking for female Brazilian Samba dancers to perform in different event.\nIf you are interested, please contact me to speak more.\nFriday, February 24th 2012\nYonge and Eglinton/Bayview\nThis announcement by Soraya\nMore announcements by Soraya here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Principle of lubrication system action\nThe lubrication system of the diesel engine of the diesel generator set is the main part of the diesel engine depends on the pressure oil supplied by the oil pump to lubricate, its oil circuit forms a circulation system, and other parts are lubricated by splash oil.\nThe oil of the oil bottom shell is sucked into the oil pump through the coarse filter and the suction pipe, entered the oil cooler to cool, then entered the oil filter, into the oil filter, into the oil bottom shell, all the way through the oil supercharger oil filter, After filtration, two tubings are sent into the left and right column supercharger bearing and high-pressure oil pump, and then returned from the coil tubing to the oil bottom shell; In addition, all the way through the main oil channel of the body is divided into 3 channels, specifically:\nAfter the main bearing seat of the engine body of the diesel engine body, it goes into the blue shaft into the oblique oil channel, and then passes to the shaft diameter of the connecting rod respectively; Lubricated the surface of each camshaft and air distribution mechanism bypassing two camshafts and the oil channel leading to the rocker arm shaft;\nThe piston cooling nozzle and enter the inner cooling chamber of the piston to cool the piston. The oil from the main bearing of the connecting rod is splashed on the cylinder wall by centrifugal force to lubricate piston rings and cylinder covers. The oil from the inner cold chamber of the piston spilled into the oil hole on the small head of the connecting rod, lubricate the piston pin and the small head of the connecting rod, and the operating surface of the oil lubrication CAM with a splash in the crankcase.\nClassification of the lubrication system\nFor example, the p-type high-pressure oil pump is divided into two types from the diesel engine lubrication system. One is from the top of the supercharger oil filter, and the oil hose is used to guide all the oil to the inlet port of the p-type pump for lubrication. The lubricating oil in the high-pressure oil pump is then connected to the body by another oil hose, which is returned to the oil sump. When the diesel engine works, the p-type high-pressure oil pump can automatically get pressure lubrication, which ensures the working reliability of the high-pressure oil pump. The other is to directly add the lubricating oil to the high-pressure oil pump in advance, which requires checking the oil ruler on the high-pressure oil pump before starting up to ensure that there is enough lubricating oil in the oil pump (vertical 6-cylinder machine is splash lubrication). Perkins engine has a high voltage common rail fuel injection system. In LandKingParts we sell Perkins engine parts and accessories for commercial vehicles, construction machinery, forklifts, farm machinery, compressors, generator sets, and ships. Deutz engine has superb quality if there is a need, welcome to consult to buy.\nThe composition of the lubrication system\nThe components of the engine lubrication system are mainly an organic oil pump, pressure regulator, oil filter, oil filter, oil radiator, oil pressure sensor, nozzle, oil channel, crankcase ventilation filter, etc\n1. Oil sump\nUsed to store lubricating oil. In most engines, the oil sump also plays a role in cooling the lubricating oil.\n2. Oil pump\nIt takes a certain amount of lubricating oil from the oil bottom shell and is pressurized by the oil pump, and continuously sends it to the surface of each part to lubricate, maintaining the circulation of lubricating oil in the lubrication system.\n3. Oil filter\nIt is used to filter out impurities, debris, sludge, and moisture in the lubricating oil so that the lubrication parts are all clean and clean lubricating oil.\n4. Oil collection filter\nIt is mostly filter type, can filter out the impurities with large particle size, its flow resistance is small, in series installed before the oil pump inlet. The crude oil filter is used to filter out impurities with large particle sizes in the lubricating oil, and its flow resistance is small. The fine oil filter can filter out the fine impurities in the lubricating oil, but the flow resistance is large, so it is mostly in parallel with the main oil channel, and only a small amount of lubricating oil is filtered through a fine filter.\n5. Main oil channel\nIt is an important part of the lubrication system, which is directly cast on the cylinder block and cylinder head to transport lubricating oil to each lubrication part.\n6. Pressure limiting valve\nThe lubricating oil pressure is used to limit the output of the oil pump. The bypass valve is in parallel with the coarse filter. When the coarse filter is blocked, the bypass valve opens and the oil pump output oil directly enters the main oil channel.\n7. Oil pump suction tubing\nIt usually comes with a collector, soaked in oil. The effect is to avoid the impurities in the oil in the lubrication system.\n8. Crankcase ventilation device\nIts function is to prevent some combustible mixture and exhaust gas from entering the crankcase through the clearance between the piston ring and the cylinder wall.\n9. Oil pressure switch\nWhen the engine speed exceeds 2150r/min, if the oil pressure is lower than 180kPa, then the switch contact is closed, the alarm light shines, and the buzzer rings the alarm.\nThe lubrication strength of each engine part depends on its environment, the relative speed of movement, and the size of mechanical load and thermal load. There are four types of lubrication.\n1. Pressure lubrication\nPressure lubrication is to use the pressure of oil to transport oil to the friction surface for mandatory lubrication, such as crankshaft main bearing, connecting rod bearing and camshaft bearing, etc., need to transport oil to the clearance of the friction surface with a certain pressure.\n2. Plash lubrication\nThe operation of the crankshaft will be used to throw oil from both sides of the bearing, forming many oil droplets or oil mist in the crankcase, splashing to the friction surface for lubrication, such as cylinder wall, piston pin, etc..\n3. Comprehensive lubrication (combined pressure and splash)\nThis method is widely used in modern car engines.\n4. Grease lubrication\nLubricate the working surface of parts, such as water pump and generator bearings, by regularly filling grease nozzle.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The calming movement of water lies at the heart of the BEITOU™ faucet. The effortless flow of the design mimics the natural cascade of the water over the length of the spout and into the sink. Seen in this light, the faucet becomes a stage for water delivery whose shape and sound resembles a serene river.\n43L capacity of precise valve to provide 2-7 waterways\nRecessed and thermostatic products can be used with Katalyst handshower\nKOHLER finishes resist corrosion and tarnishing, exceeding industry durability standards over two times", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Based on popular game. Game based on SpriteKit, and write on Swift 2.1. Game include ads: Google AdMob, Chartboost, iAd. Game have store with skins. Easy to reskin and edit. Have share function and rate us button. Include gamecenter. Have sounds and background music. See video preview!\nNo related items with verifed download links...\nCategory: Videohive | Stock Footage\nTags: Codecanyon | PHP Scripts | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Woman | Drawing | Math | Business | Graphs | The | Glass\nArchives: 2016 | April 2016 | 21.April 2016\nCategory: Codecanyon | Mobile\nTags: Android | Education | Jelly Bean | Kids | Math | nougat | Codecanyon | Mobile | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Easy | Math\nArchives: 2017 | April 2017 | 26.April 2017\nCategory: Codecanyon | Plugins\nTags: Academic | basic calculator | Calculator | College | Education | Exam | Joomla | Knowledge | Learning | Math | Mathematics | School | Teaching | Test | University | Codecanyon | Plugins | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Basic | Math | Calculator | Joomla\nArchives: 2017 | June 2017 | 24.June 2017", "label": "No"}
{"text": "McDonough-Whitlow, P.C. was the subconsultant for the mechanical and plumbing design for the renovation of domestic water and design of heating and chilled water systems. Design services included replacement of the following: below slab domestic water piping, existing non-functional water heaters, existing heating boilers, heating water piping and pumps and fan coil units. Design installation of a chilled water system including split bundle chiller, chilled water piping, and connection to new fan coil units was also provided. Mechanical and plumbing budget was approximately $1,038,000 with a total project cost of $7.6 million.\nHanson Professional Services, Inc.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The project design and construction is on an expedited timeline to take advantage of donor funding. The complex includes professional level athletic facility design, high pressure irrigation system, bio swales, fencing, scoreboard, and safety netting systems. Our team delivered master planning, design development, construction documents, construction administration, and water harvesting system.\n- Athletic Facility Design\n- Landscape Architecture", "label": "No"}
{"text": "thru the wall heat pump series featured view through mounted system.\nwall heat and air whirlpool view 1 through the conditioner units pump mountable dryer carrier inverter.\nthrough the wall heat air conditioner mounted heater combo inspirational pump clothes dryer thr.\nheat cool wall air conditioner cooling with pump and back up electric through the mounted installation conditi.\nthru through the wall heat pump hung ac with mounted air conditioning conditioner heating unit.\nthrough the wall heat pump neral electric with kw mounted prices he.\nthru the wall ac with heat pumps pump inverter air conditioning conditioner through mounted cool ductless split.\npictures of through the wall heat pump mounted clothes dryer.\nthru the wall heat pump mini split mount through air conditioner mounted th.\nthrough the wall heat and air conditioner ac units unit pump mounted handler.\nthru the wall heat and air units through pump unit mounted pumps canada he.\nheat pump wall unit air conditioner through the heater and reviews best thru.\nthrough the wall heat pumps ductless mount cape mounted pump air conditioner.\nthrough the wall heat and air unit pump mounted system.\nthru wall heat pumps ton mounted mini split unit units pump heater ac through the cool ductless system.\nthrough the wall heat pump hung ac with.\nwall through the heat pump air conditioner with best unit mount ductless mini split a.\nthrough the wall heat pumps pump packaged terminal air conditioners provide year mounted cool ductless split system hea.\nthrough the wall air conditioner with heat full size of heater keystone pump mounted cool d.\nsea breeze through wall unit heat pump cool a total solutions the mountable dryer.\nthrough the wall heat pump mountable dryer air conditioner dual zone mounted mini split with elite.\nthrough the wall air conditioner er conditioners cost price in heat pump 4mxw8 indoor high manual.\nthrough the wall ac with heat thru air conditioner units mounted and pump wi.\nthrough the wall heat pump hi air conditioner mountable dryer co.\nthrough wall heat pump images of and air conditioner high the conditioning system condi.\nheat through the wall pump r32 gl 42 high and ac units heater cooling.\nthrough the wall air conditioner ac sleeve thru sears heat pump pumps reviews.\nthru the wall units air conditioner with heat s heater combo ac through pump mounted installation.\nthru wall heat pumps through pump unit the air conditioner.\nthru wall heat air conditioner and heater mounted pump through the lennox high.\nthru wall heat pumps through the pump r32 gl 42 high air conditioner.\nwall air conditioners with heat arctic king through conditioner w remote cool and the pump mounted dryer thro.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "270V DC Power Supply Features:\n1 With non-interconnection technology, the current sharing of parallel power supply can be applied to high system stability\n2 The power supply can be operated in separate mode or parallel mode.\n3 Performance parameters in parallel mode are the same as in discrete mode\n4 With intelligent management it is possible to automatically adjust the number of operating power supplies according to load capacity\n5 Each power supply can be used as the main unit, so the life cycle of the power supply can be extended\n6 The faulty power supply can be removed independently of the system, then serviced and the system can be operated without interruption.\nSolution 2: Multi-point auxiliary power supply system\nWith the one-to-one power supply system between the mid-frequency power supply and the aircraft, these power supplies are the optimal solution for the mutual backup unit and the power supply system in the hangar via the distribution cabinet. Voltage compensation can be applied to each parking space via the voltage drop compensator, so that the power supply quality in each parking space can meet the power demands for aircraft. Fast installation, easy operation, high reliability and service guarantee efficiency\n1 Easy and fast installation and on-site adjustment\n2 Mutual backup, if the power supply in one location fails, the power supply of the other parking space can be started\n3 Easy operation, when the power supply is started in any position, the power supply can be used for aircraft\n4 The power supply in each position is independent and separated\nSolution 3: Single-point auxiliary power supply layout system\nThe power of the two medium frequency static inverters forms a backup power supply system from the distribution cabinet to supply power to the single-circuit machine position, when a medium frequency static inverter fails, the power output end is locked, the other is for the power supply.\nBy interlocking 2 medium frequency power supplies, it is possible to provide power for a parking space. If the power supply fails in one location, another power supply may be started\n1 The site is simple and quick to install and debug,\n2 Failure power can change the system for maintenance and other power can continue to operate.\n3 Two powers support each other to extend service life.\n4 Easy and fast installation on site\n5 The faulty power supply can be removed independently of the system, then serviced and the system can be operated without interruption.\n6 Mutual backup operation of the two power supplies, so that the life cycle can be extended.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|\n|미국특허분류(USC)||261/64D ; 99/275 ; 99/3231 ; 222/57|\n|발명자 / 주소|\n|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 1 인용 특허 : 1|\nShown is a horizontal model of a continuous flow motorless carbonator, which carbonates water from a pressurized source as it is drawn, with a pivoted float element connected mechanically to a gas inlet valve assembly and having an extended arm to receive impact of inlet water, the net force due to impact and weight of the float less its displacement of water, being conveyed to the gas inlet valve to control the flow of inlet gas directly, and the flow of inlet water indirectly, so that the flow rate of water equals the flow rate of carbonated water out ...\nA continuous flow carbonator for mixing inlet carbonating gas and inlet water continously while carbonated water is being dispensed, the inlet flow rate of gas and water being equal to the outlet flow rate of water and gas mixture, said inlet water having an inherent capacity to produce an impact force of magnitude F, equal to the product of its mass flow rate and velocity, on a surface normal to its velocity, said carbonator comprising a tank, a float assembly in said tank responsive to the level of liquid in the tank and a surface on the assembly recep...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company\nMajor science and technology projects of CNPC (2017E-16)\n针对高含水油藏开发后期流场内部优势通道明显，注入水低效循环导致开发效果差等问题开展了流场匹配性研究，建立了高含水油藏流场评价体系，并以此对比不同层系流场的油相匹配度和水相匹配度，找到需要调整的小层。同时以注水量和产液量为变量，以累积产油量最大值为目标函数，构建注采优化模型，利用蚁群算法对模型进行求解，得到最优注采方案。以埕东油藏为例，评价结果表明第4、8、10层开发效果较差。对于此类较差区域注采调整后得到最优注采方案，对比原开发方案产油量增加了173 76 m3，含水率降低了0.028 7%。研究表明油藏流场评价体系可以快速准确表征高含水油藏流场，结合注采优化可以改善高含水油藏流场分布，提高剩余油的动用程度，充分挖潜剩余油潜力，对改善高含水油藏水驱开发效果具有重要意义。\nThe flow field matching was studied and the flow field evaluation system of high water cut reservoirs was established, based on the study of the problems such as obvious internal dominant channels of the flow field in the later stage of the development of high water cut reservoirs and the poor development effect caused by the inefficient circulation of injected water. Based on the evaluation system, the oil phase matching degree and water phase matching degree of the flow field of different layers are calculated and compared, and the small layers that need to be adjusted are found. At the same time, the injection production optimization model is established with the maximum cumulative oil production as the objective function, and the ant colony algorithm is used to solve it, so as to obtain the optimal injection production scheme. Chengdong reservoir is taken as the example to evaluate the flow field matching degree, and the development effect of the 4th, 8th and 10th layers is poor. After adjusting the injection and production of such poor areas, the optimal injection and production result was obtained. Compared with the original development plan, the oil production increased by 17376 m3 and the water cut decreased by 0.0287%. The research indicates that the flow field of high water cut reservoir can be quickly and accurately characterized by the reservoir flow field evaluation system. Meanwhile, the optimization of injection and production can improve the flow field distribution of high water cut reservoir, improve the degree of remaining oil production, and fully tap the potential of remaining oil, which is of great significance to improve the waterflooding development effect of high water cut reservoir.\n石栗,侯智玮. 基于流场匹配性评价的注采优化研究——以埕东油藏为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, , ():复制", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Best Design Bedroom\nbest design bedroom bedroom door design fascinating bedroom door ideas bedroom door design bedroom door design best review bedroom design ideas 2016.\nbest design bedroom bedroom design image best ideas for great design bedroom furniture india.\nbest design bedroom pink bedrooms princess room for little girls best bedroom ideas on girl kids young design bedroom online free ikea.\nbest design bedroom catchy bedroom interior design ideas bedroom interior design ideas oz design bedroom furniture.\nbest design bedroom luxury master bedroom design bed room the best modern bedrooms ideas on design a bedroom online free game.\nbest design bedroom design your bedroom top showy image of design your bedroom layout ideas for small rooms apple design your bedroom design bedroom online free.\nbest design bedroom ceiling design for bedroom best false ceiling designs false ceiling designs for master bedroom bedroom ceiling ceiling design for bedroom design your bedroom app.\nbest design bedroom designs for master bedrooms endearing the best master bedroom design design bedroom furniture online.\nbest design bedroom design bedroom furniture bedrooms marvelous on within best create bedroom design online free.\nbest design bedroom bedroom design white doors budget inspiration bedroom low best rooms spaces bedroom interior images room design floor planner.\nbest design bedroom design bedroom furniture online.\nbest design bedroom top special best industrial design ideas on bedroom amazing interior living room concept us office for small spaces plum rustic cottage room design floor plan free.\nbest design bedroom decor ideas bedroom full size of bedroom bed decoration tips for simple design bedroom.\nbest design bedroom luxury best design for living room living room decor virtual design bedroom free.\nbest design bedroom full size of bedroom looking bedrooms small ideas tips bedrooms bedroom cool inspiration designing master bedroom floor plans.\nbest design bedroom best bedroom designs ideas captivating best bedroom designs design bedroom online free ikea.\nbest design bedroom ceiling design for bedroom ceiling design for bedroom best ideas about gypsum board ceiling design bedroom ceiling design for bedroom design your bedroom floor plan.\nbest design bedroom bedroom design black white contemporary decor teenage your ideas best best bedroom design ideas design room floor plan.\nbest design bedroom gorgeous ultra modern bedroom designs bedroom design app android.\nbest design bedroom modern bedroom design ideas bedroom design ideas for small spaces.\nbest design bedroom sleek bedside lighting idea design bedroom games free.\nbest design bedroom interior designers bedrooms inspiring exemplary bedroom interior design inspiring nifty interior design style design bedroom games for adults.\nbest design bedroom full size of bedroom interior images colors glass locks teenage interior flat bedroom design app android.\nbest design bedroom best bedroom designs for well bed best design bedroom captivating best bedroom creative bedroom design free download.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "2706 32nd Street Byp Silver City, NM 88061\nBest Savings For Oil Changes, Tires and More\nBrowse Silver City Businesses:Popular | # | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z\nSee more jobs\nCopyright © 2007-2023 EZlocal.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved.\nLet's be Friends!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "compatible water filter for pitchers 2 pack westinghouse filtration system review replacement.\nwater softener westinghouse filter salt reverse osmosis based drinking system.\nfor westinghouse water filter salt fridge suits eff.\nprogressive series whole house water refiner simplifies filtration westinghouse filter replacement products.\ngenuine 2 water filter westinghouse salt.\nwater dispenser cold main gallon electric heater reviews filter westinghouse filtration system price see the full progressive line up clic.\ninline water filter part westinghouse price.\nfridge water filter westinghouse philippines.\nwestinghouse water filter refrigerator replacement.\nwater systems westinghouse filter filtration system cost products rev wt.\nwater filter a company westinghouse reviews.\nfaucet end water filter installed on a kitchen westinghouse reset project.\nwestinghouse water filter reset filters whole house.\nmore views westinghouse water filter replacement.\nthe technology at work with drinking water system is impressive removing nearly all of remaining contaminants in your westinghouse filter reset.\nwater 2 x aqua crystal fridge filter heater warranty westinghouse reviews see the full progressive line up click for more sof.\n1 of see more westinghouse water filter filtration system price in line carbon fridge filters.\n2 x compatible inline fridge water filters westinghouse filter filtration system price.\nwhole house water filters westinghouse filter purifier philippines n.\nwater heater parts ideal electrical softener price filter westinghouse filtration reviews see the full progressive line up cl.\nfridge water filter westinghouse filtration system reviews.\nwater softener review find refrigerator whirlpool filter westinghouse salt attachment.\nwater filter reverse osmosis based drinking system westinghouse filtration reviews.\nfilter water purifier household kettle net royal blue bottle 1 pack westinghouse reset.\nexternal filter westinghouse water whole house reviews.\nwestinghouse water filter salt fridge.\ndynamic series westinghouse water filter philippines purification products.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Garden Hose Storage Some Of The Best Hose Storage Ideas Expandable Garden Hose Storage Bag\ngarden hose storage some of the best hose storage ideas expandable garden hose storage bag.\nresin ft hose hanger with storage at garden box lowes drinking water bag diy,garden hose storage bin wood box ideas rv water bag,suncast garden hose storage box water bag caddy walmart container watering hanger full,diy garden hose storage box camper water ideas home depot pot bag,garden hose storage bench solutions take care for your outdoor equipment caddy walmart lowes,rv water hose storage bag elegant garden as wood box ideas for,metal garden hose storage box bag diy water rack reels for reel ideas,suncast garden hose storage box water bag drinking,camper water hose storage ideas garden lowes build a with planter projects for everyone diy box,garden hose storage pot drinking water bag ideas for rv suncast box.\n- October 14, 2018\n- no tag\n- Comments (0)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Designed for maximum performance and economy, the APCO SmartCHECK Pump Control Valve (CPC) is a single valve that combines the functionality of a full-featured electric motor operated pump control valve with the best features of APCO’s premium swing check valve. The SmartCHECK Pump Control Valve has been engineered to control pressure surges during normal pump startups and shutdowns, and to close positively upon power failure – without the need for expensive hydraulic power units, accumulators and maintenance intensive hydraulic controls.\nThe SmartCHECK Pump Control Valve utilizes the premium APCO CVS-6000 swing check valve with a unique torque unit which can be operated with any brand of valve electric motor operator. The SmartCHECK Pump Control Valve is ideal for many applications including raw sewage, wastewater, raw water, clean water or any fluid pumped through a pipeline.\nFor more information visit www.dezurik.com", "label": "No"}
{"text": "trellis frame garden a frame trellis.\nwater well foot valves shallow well pump installation diagram hand water pumps shallow well diagram car wiring diagrams explained o water well foot valves water well foot valve replacement.\ncan i use roundup in my garden updated is roundup safe for dogs roundup garden before planting roundup garden sprayer repair kit.\nhoneywell thermostat schematics honeywell thermostat schematic diagram honeywell thermostat 5 wire diagram.\n1 hp water well pump 3 dc deep well solar water pump submersible controller plastic impeller bore hole irrigation head h 1 hp water pump specification gazi 1 hp water pump price in bangladesh.\nwater well pump and tank left to right softener carbon taste odor filter sediment filter water tank pump installation guide water tank pump pressure switch.\nraised garden patio raised patio ideas magnificent raised patio edging ideas photo inspirations raised garden patio ideas raised garden patio designs how to build a raised patio garden box.\nblock garden bed building concrete block raised garden beds cinder block raised bed plans.\nrachel ashwell bedding rachel ashwell shabby chic bedding target rachel ashwell bedding ebay.\njapanese stone statues stone statues with bamboo forest background japan garden snake eggs gardenia flowers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Protect your home and property against leaks and spills with Quick Dam Indoor Water Dams. Indoor Water Dams can be used for condensation build up, water based spills, anywhere you need protection against water problems. They can also be used for wrapping around leaky pipes, hot water tanks and even used to prevent water from entering doorways.\ntop of page\nbottom of page", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The water ring vacuum pump\nuses water as the medium to complete the energy conversion. Water is both the working fluid and the sealing fluid. During the working process of the water ring pump, the heat generated by the work will increase the working water temperature, and at the same time a part of the water and gas will be discharged together.\nTherefore, it is necessary to continuously supply water to the pump to cool and replenish the water consumed in the pump, maintain the formation of a normal working water ring, and meet the working requirements of the pump. Since it is necessary to continuously replenish water, it should also be allowed to bring some water from the pumped gas. In fact, water ring vacuum pumps are also widely used to pump water containing gas.\nTherefore, when the water ring vacuum pump is working, in addition to the water supply from the pump water supply pipeline, it is also possible to enter some water from the suction port. If the vacuum pump uses a separate water supply line outside the shaft seal, it is also possible that a small amount of water flows from the shaft seal. This is generally the case for water ring vacuum pumps used in paper mills. Water enters the pump from the pump water supply pipeline, air inlet and shaft seal. The water entering the pump from different ways can not be well used as supplementary water to meet the pump's working needs, and the water entering the pump due to abnormal working needs will have a negative impact on the performance of the pump.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "HVE power supply units can be connected to mains voltages\nconsisting of 3 x AC 380 … 480 V. They are necessary for the power and\ncontrol voltage supply by Rexroth Indramat drive and control system types\nHDD and HDS.\nMotors of a maximum of 60 kW can be connected to HVE power supply units\nA bleeder resistor absorbs the energy regenerated by the HVE power\nsupply units. Rexroth Indramat motors with a continuous mechanical\npower of 60 kW can be connected.\nThe HVE power supply units operate with unregulated DC bus voltage.\nThe usable unit power depends on the power voltage. Therefore, power\ndata for the connection to four mains nominal voltages are indicated:\n• 3 x AC 380 V,\n• 3 x AC 400 V,\n• 3 x AC 440 V and\n• 3 x AC 480 V.\nThe power supply units of the HVE type are available in tree variations.\nThey can, if necessary, be combined with the DC bus choke GLD. This\nmakes an optimum adjusting to the power requirements of the application", "label": "No"}
{"text": "concrete batching machine can complete batching material automatically. small concrete mixer; such as accurate weighing, precise batching,\nchina pld1200 automatic concrete batching machine, find details about china concrete batching machine, concrete batching equipment from pld1200 automatic\nchina pld1200 concrete batching machine, aggregate batching machine, aggregate batcher, find details about china concrete batching machine, aggregate batching\nchina concrete weighing machine select 2017 high quality concrete weighing machine products varied in shotcrete type, low cost concrete batching machine\nchina concrete batching plant pld1200, find details about china concrete batching plant, batching plant from concrete batching plant pld1200\nchina pld1200 batching machine for brick making machine, find details about china concrete mixing batching machine supplier, china batching machine manufacturer\nchina concrete batching machine select 2017 high quality concrete batching machine products varied in shotcrete type, cubage of weighing hopper 1.2m3\nbatching machine pld1200 1 set a word ingredients (warehouse) pneumatic system 1 set control system 1 set four weighing control room\npld1200 concrete batching machine. with a sensor has advantages of accurate weighing and precise batching. js3000 concrete mixer; concrete batching machine\npld1200 small concrete batching 1.introduction. pld1200 small concrete batching plant price pld series concrete batching machine is a kind of equipment\npld 600 concrete batching plant 1.accurate weighing aggregate batching machine. in small concrete pld machine, weighing ranges pld800, pld1200,\nwhat are the main features of focus lift hopper concrete batching plant? 1. driving system adopts planetary gear, small footprint modular concrete batching plant\npld1600 concrete batching machine; pld1200 batching machine concrete weight batcher 1.tuv of adopting precise weighing system. the batching machine\nconcrete batching machine, electric weighing with sensors has advantages of accurate weighing and precise batching. the price of the batching machine is just\nm 1);document.write( ); pld1200 aggregate weighing batching pld1200 aggregate weighing batching machine | hzs50 concrete batching machine /concrete\nplant .. fixed concrete batching plant hzs120. 1 it is the weighing system of concrete batching plant small concrete batching equipment.\npld800 batching machine. hzs25 concrete batching small skip type of concrete batching plant weighing system with high batching machine\nsmall concrete batching plant and weighing precise batching and all hzs75 . the lowest price mini mobile concrete batching plant machine 1\nconcrete batching machine pld1200 concrete batching plant 1.batching plants for and the sensor is highly precise. hence, the accuracy of weighing.\npld800 concrete batching machine vast application and many 1) the pld series batching machine is by pneumatic independent weighing system for small\npld1200 pld1600 pl2400 pld3200 weighing mini concrete batching plant, or small concrete batch features of central mix concrete plant 1. more precise and\nfind details about china concrete mixing plant, mobile concrete batching plant from movable concrete mixing station yhzs75 mobile concrete batching plant ltd.\nconcrete mixing plant, mini concrete mixing plant, small concrete mixing plant manufacturer / supplier in china, concrete batching plant machine concrete mixing\n1. pld series concrete batching machine is a kind of foreground automatic batching equipment matching with the with precise weighing, high batching precision,\nhigh precise batching, ncrete batching machine this is suitable for weighing and force measuring pld1200 and a concrete batching machine,\nprecise weighing concrete batching machine pld1200 concrete batching machine. ready pld concrete batching machine for sale. 1. concrete batching plant is\nhzs35 concrete batching plant is good shaft forced mixer,use pld1200 batching machine,accurate measurement 1.its compactness, very small area\npld1200 concrete batching machine precise weighing and feeding device for commercial concrete 154.1 concrete batching and mixing equipment\nplant batching concrete mix batching mobile concrete mixer batching machine 60 concrete batching plant 60m3 concrete 1. concrete batching plant\nsupplier concrete mixer, concrete mixing plant, concrete pump, construction machinery established 1996 contact details beigong xin e cheng weifang 261041\nhzs35 concrete mixing plant. weighing system 7.1 aggregate weighing 1unit foam concrete machine; concrete batching plant.\nsale a central weighing concrete batcher,concrete batching batching pld1200 concrete batching machine, precise batching mobile concrete\nbatching concrete batching plants.it cost only 1/2 1/3 weighing batching machine has pld800, pld1200, concrete batching machine,pld1200 dry\npld3200 concrete batching machine (automatic batching equipment). parts 1. conveyor 2 assured reliable batching machine pld1600 batching machine; weighing\naggregate batching machine, search tradekorea for aggregate batching machine products, manufacturers, suppliers, exporters. (1) concrete mixers\nchina high inquiry concrete batching equipment pld1200. weighing batching machine; weighing concrete batching plant 1 .. batching machine\nconcrete batching plant machine concrete stationary saving mobile concrete batching 1 small scale portable concrete batching plant. small concrete batching\nhot sale automatic concrete mixing machine concrete batching plant hzs120 concrete batching plant specifications 1. more precise weighing with electrical\njs750. js1000. concrete batching machine. pld800. pld1200. comprised of concrete batching machine, making machine concrete delivering plants 1.6cbm\nfactory by precise batching and batching machine .. concrete mixer projects .. small concrete mobile batching plant 1.5m3 for sale\nready mixed concrete batching plant concrete. concrete batching plant . 1 / 4 concrete batching machine is a concrete plant and small aggregate weighing\nhzs35 concrete batching plant is good quality and high efficience concrete concrete mixer js750 batching machine pld1200 high weighing accuracy and 1\nhot mobile concrete batching plant wt pld1200; italian js750 twin shaft cement concrete mixer machine; js750 small concrete mixer used for construction site;\nmore precise weighing with electrical control system; 1) concrete mixing plant template to go reliable manufacturer pld1200 electric concrete batching plant\ncement storage silo for concrete batch the cement weigh batcher provides precise weighing mobile concrete mixer drum jzm500 small concrete mixer machine\nhzs concrete batching plants weighing system 4.2 cement weighing 1 unit mp planetary concrete help of concrete mixers and batching machine,\npaving block making machine, concrete.source from linyi wante machinery co., 1. material and welding pld1200 batching machine. brand wante.\ncommercial accurate batching hzs180 concrete mixing plant. home; about us; product. 8 cubic meters concrete mixer plant small hzs25 concrete batching\nmore precise weighing with 1.5m3/batch mobile ready mix electric concrete batching plant small concrete mobile batching plant 1.5m3 new iso 25m3/h\npld1200 concrete batching machine,pld1200 concrete hzs25 concrete batching plant,small concrete batching. ez 1 5 2 1 yd portable concrete mixer batching\nmachinery >> plant machines manufacturers quality pld1200 concrete batching machine small stationary concrete batching plant\njzm400 small concrete mixer machine; 2016 factry supply small concrete pump for sale; popular portable concrete mixer pump; universal hzs25 concrete batching\nconcrete batching machine 9812 2200 3000 mm. weighing with pld1200 concrete batching mobile concrete batching plants small&mini concrete batching\npld series of concrete batching machine 1. this series of products adopt electronic weighing, digital display. 2. simulate batching cyclic test and set the small as well\nproportion machine, proportion machine automatic weighing machine on sale. proportioning machine, concrete dosing machin...\nbest selling cement concrete batching plant best selling cement concrete batching plant suppliers in china precise high ...\nready mix concrete batching plants | elkon high quality and precise concrete production; why stationary concrete batchin...\nconcrete batching machine with high accuracy concrete batching machine can complete batching material automatically. sma...\nPrev Flyer YHZS new type mini concrete plant\nNext Export to Barbados concrete batching plant", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Move your mouse over the highlighted areas to see more..\nIndicator gives visual warning when reservoir is full, cutting out all power and water still.\nDouble Coil Condenser for maximum output with low Temperature distillate.\nPressure switch shuts off water supply and power when reservoir is full. Allows any type of reservoir to be used.\nControlled by 12 Volt Circuit board for safety of use.\nStove enamelled casing incorporates hinged Perspex front cover for easy access.\nElectrical specification meets B.S. and International standards.\nScrewthread connectors for easy assembly, maintenance and leek free operation.\nConstant level Device gives efficient boiler operation and protects against Overflowing.\nSolenoid valve shuts off water supply to still if electrical power fails.\nVisual flow control valve sets water input for maximum efficiency and cuts power if water supply fails.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "FIA | ASF | PAEC | PHP | FIA | PPSC | Join Pak Navy | Punjab Police | FPSC | SPSC | Police | Medical | PAF | KPPSC\nJoin Pak Army | Wapda | NAB | Railway | Bank | Teaching | Engineering | Data Entry | Citywise | Latest Posts\nMUHAMMAD Arslan lives in Sialkot, Pakistan. His major subjects in B.COM were ACCOUNTS from University of the Punjab. He is working as Salesman in Carrefour hypermarket, Bahrain.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A Coriolis flow meter is a device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid, such as a gas or liquid, in a pipe or conduit. It operates on the principle of the Coriolis effect, which is the apparent deflection of moving objects when viewed from a rotating reference frame.\nIn a Coriolis flow meter, the fluid flows through a tube that is oscillated back and forth by a driver unit. As the fluid flows through the oscillating tube, it causes a phase shift in the oscillation of the tube, which is detected by the mass flow sensors. By measuring this phase shift, the Coriolis meter can determine the mass flow rate of the fluid, which is independent of its viscosity, temperature, and pressure.\nCoriolis flow meters are widely used in various industries, such as oil and gas, chemical, and food processing, due to their high accuracy, repeatability, and ability to handle a wide range of fluids, In year 2023, Coriolis mass flow meters have received increasing attention, and for more complex applications and higher accuracy measurements enquire the use of Coriolis meter.\nDue to the outstanding advantages of Coriolis mass flow meters, more and more users are purchasing Coriolis meter. Here are the top 10 best Coriolis mass flow meters for year 2023.\nClassic Coriolis mass flow meter with nominal diameters ranging from DN3 (1/8”) to DN250 (10 inch), U-shaped tube design, excellent and stable performance, has been put into the measurement market for more than 30 years. It can measure various complex media and is often used as paint flow meter, ultra-low temperature nitrogen flow meter, syrup flow meter, palm oil flow meter, mud flow meter, liquid ammonia flow meter Slurry mass flow meter, high viscosity mass flow meter, greases flow meter,flow measurement of Dichlorosilicon dihydrogen; Trichlorosilane; Silicon tetrachloride; Water and a very small amount of silicon powder; SiHCl3, SiH2Cl2, SiCl4, Low boiling; Azeotropic; Triple A; Methylsiloxane; DMC dimethyl carbonate., etc, in year 2023 ,there is obviously demanding request for the classic Coriolis flow meter.\nA sanitary Coriolis flow meter is a type of Coriolis flow meter designed for use in applications where hygiene and cleanliness are critical, such as in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and biotech industries. These mass flow meters are constructed with materials that are suitable for use in sanitary environments and can be easily cleaned to prevent contamination of the process.\nAlso sanitary mass flow meter should be in a hygienic process connection, such as tri-clamp or Food Industry fitting DIN11851, etc.\nSanitary Coriolis flow meters can measure the mass flow rate and total mass flow in a wide range of fluids in a hygienic and accurate manner. These flow meters are commonly used in applications such as:\nFood and beverage production: Sanitary Coriolis flow meters are used to measure the flow rate and mass of various food and beverage products, such as milk, beer, and wine, palm oil; starch lotion; syrup flow meter; fruit juice; peanut oil; yogurt, chocolate flow meter, molasses fow meter ,edible oil for daily use; food essence; alcohol , Fermented milk products (kefir, fermented baked milk, sour cream, milk) during processing and packaging.\nPharmaceutical and biotech production: These flow meters are used in the production of pharmaceuticals and biotech products, such as trimethylamine; medicinal liquid; enonitrile aldehyde; cyclopentadiene; hydrogen peroxide solution; VC; pure water vaccines and drugs, to measure the flow rate and mass of liquids.\nPersonal care product manufacturing: Sanitary Coriolis flow meters can be used to measure the flow rate and mass of liquids used in the production of personal care products, such as shampoos and lotions.\nChemical processing: These flow meters can be used in chemical processing applications to measure the flow rate and mass of chemicals and other liquids.\nIn addition to flow rate and mass measurements, some sanitary Coriolis flow meters can also provide additional measurements, such as concentration, density, viscosity, and temperature, which are useful for process control and monitoring.\nCoriolis flow meters are often used to measure bitumen due to their ability to accurately measure highly viscous fluids, such as bitumen. Asphalt is a dense, highly viscous liquid (even under 135 degree C temperature, the viscosity can be around 699 Cst) that can be difficult to measure using traditional flow meters. Also bitumen measurement is often under very high temperature, such as 160-180 Celcius , Coriolis mass flow meter can be made into high temperature construction to bear that high temperature. Under such high temperature of bitumen , users often need have some heating jacket over the flow meters, jacked mass flow meter is also demand. Bitumen mass flow measurement is often used large size Coriolis mass flow meter, such as 3” inch asphalt mass flow meter, 4 inch mass flow meter for bitumen, 5inch bitumen flow meter, 6 inch jacketed mass flow meter for asphalt flow meter, 8 inch asphalt flow meter or 10 inch. Normal request flow rate of bitumen mass flow meter is around 0~500 Mt/h,0-400 t/h, 0~122 lb/s, 0~42 kg/s,0-100 t/hr and so on. Coriolis flow meters work by measuring the mass flow rate of asphalt directly, without the need for additional calculations or conversions. This means that they can provide highly accurate and reliable measurements, even for bitumen with varying densities and viscosities.\nA high pressure Coriolis flow meter is a type of Coriolis flow meter that is designed to operate at high pressures, typically above 230 psi (16 bars). These flow meters are used in applications where accurate flow measurement is required at high pressures, such as in the oil and gas industry, chemical processing, and high-pressure research applications.\nFor example Refrigerant -R32, R134a, R-410 flow measurement at 40 bar or higher pressure, fuel oil 8 inch mass flow meter running at 40 bar pressure, CNG mass flow meter, 152A, Iso butane.up to 3700 lbs with flow rate 10-50 lb/hr; high pressure crude oil, measure the refrigerant flow in VRF system,LPG flow meter between LOG tank and boiler.\nHigh pressure Coriolis flow meters are constructed with materials that can withstand the high pressures and temperatures encountered in these applications. They typically have thicker walls and reinforced sensor supports to prevent damage from the high pressure and vibrations.\nA micro Coriolis flow meter is a type of Coriolis flow meter that is designed for applications where very low flow rates need to be measured with high accuracy. Micro Coriolis flow meters are typically used in industries such as medical devices, pharmaceuticals, lab, and chemical processing, where precise flow measurement is critical.\nThe main difference between a micro Coriolis flow meter and a standard Coriolis flow meter is the size of the flow tube. Micro Coriolis flow meters have much smaller flow tubes, typically ranging from a few hundred micrometers to a few millimeters in diameter, which allows for very low flow rates to be measured accurately, for example fluid Hydrocarbon additive, ink, paint, polymer in solvent, Liquid Additive running at low flow, such as 0~40 g/h, 0~10 kg/hr, 0~50 kg/hr and so on.\nDespite their small size, micro Coriolis flow meters can provide highly accurate flow rate and mass measurements, typically with an accuracy of +/-0.5% to +/-1% of the measured flow rate. Some micro Coriolis flow meters can also provide additional measurements such as temperature and density, which are useful for process control and monitoring.\nMicro Coriolis flow meters are ideal for applications where the fluid being measured is expensive, hazardous, or difficult to handle, as they can accurately measure very small amounts of fluid. They are also useful in research applications where precise flow measurement is required, such as microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices.\nA bent tube Coriolis flow meter is a type of Coriolis flow meter that uses a V-shaped tube to measure the flow rate and mass of fluids. The tube is typically made of metal, such as stainless steel, and is bent into a shape that allows the fluid to pass through twice, in opposite directions.\nAs the fluid flows through the bent tube, it is subjected to a Coriolis force that causes the tube to twist in proportion to the mass flow rate of the fluid. The degree of twisting is measured by sensors located at the inlet and outlet of the tube and this measurement is used to calculate the flow rate and mass of the fluid.\nBent tube Coriolis flow meter is goods use for large size, such as 12” Coriolis flow meter, 10 inch Coriolis flow meter, 8” mass flow meter .etc, it can save more installing space comparing to U-tube Coriolis flow meter.\nCoriolis flow meters are commonly used to measure refrigerant in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, particularly in commercial and industrial applications, refrigerant including: R32, R134a, R410, There are several reasons why Coriolis flow meters are preferred for this application:\nRefrigerant flow rates must be measured accurately to ensure the HVAC system is operating efficiently and to prevent costly damage to the system. Coriolis flow meters provide highly accurate measurements, typically with an accuracy of +/-0.1% to +/-0.5% of the measured flow rate.\nMini Coriolis flowmeter can be used for refrigerant low flow measurement, such as 1/4” tubing, 1/8 inch, 1/2” etc. flow running at low flow, such as 0~ 10 kg/h, 0~50 kg/h .etc.\nOverall, Coriolis flow meters offer a reliable and accurate solution for measuring refrigerant flow rates in HVAC systems, ensuring efficient operation and preventing costly damage to the system.\nHigh viscosity Coriolis flow meters are designed specifically for measuring the flow rate and mass of high viscosity fluids, such as crude oil, molasses, and honey, resin, glue, paint,bitumen,. These types of fluids present a challenge for many flow meters because their high viscosity can cause flow disturbances and pressure drops, which can affect the accuracy of the flow measurement. Coriolis flow meters are able to handle high viscosity fluids with viscosity up to 200000 cp, due to their unique operating principle for viscous liquid.\nCoriolis flow meters are commonly used to measure compressed natural gas (CNG) due to their high accuracy and reliability. CNG is used as a fuel in vehicles and requires accurate measurement for billing and custody transfer purposes. CNG Coriolis flow meter can measure mass flow accurately, also can bear high pressure rating of CNG , such as 3600 PSI, also Coriolis flow meter can measure dirty CNG mass flow meter or liquid and gas mix state fluids.\nCoriolis flow meters are commonly used to measure fuel oil due to their high accuracy and reliability. Fuel oil is used in various industries, including power generation, marine, and transportation, and requires accurate measurement for billing and custody transfer purposes. Here are some reasons why Coriolis flow meters are preferred for fuel oil measurement:\nFuel oil flow rates must be measured accurately to ensure that the correct amount of fuel is being delivered and to avoid overcharging. Coriolis flow meters are highly accurate and can provide precise measurements even at low flow rates.\nCoriolis flow meters measure the mass flow rate of fuel oil, which is important for fuel oil applications where the fuel is sold by weight, positive displacement flow meter is\nWide range of flow rates: Coriolis flow meters can measure a wide range of flow rates, from low to high, which is important for fuel oil applications where flow rates can vary widely depending on the size of the vessel or power plant being fueled, normal request size is 12 inch fuel oil mass flow meter, 10” Coriolis mass fuel oil flow meter, 8 inch oil flow meter, DN200 oil flow meter.\nOverall, Coriolis flow meters offer a reliable and accurate solution for measuring fuel oil flow rates, ensuring efficient operation and preventing overcharging.\nCoriolis Mass Flow Meter2017/04/12Coriolis Flow Meters for molasses,syrup,slurry,glucose,steam flow measurement.Buy China Coriolis meter in low price from Silver Instruments.view\nSanitary and hygienic Coriolis flow meter2019/06/12Sanitary and hygienic Coriolis flow meter is with tri-clamp end fitting and 316L SS wet parts material for food, dairy, bio-technology, and pharmaceutical applications.SH-CMF Coriolis meter is designe...view\nHigh pressure Coriolis mass flow meter2023/02/03Coriolis mass flow meter is a reliable flow meter for high pressure fluids measurement. The high pressure could reach to 70Mpa or even higher.Coriolis mass flowmeter is characterized by its ability to...view\nSmall Coriolis flow meter/flow controller2023/03/30What is small Coriolis flow meter?Conventional Coriolis flow meters are used for large flow measurements, such as 50Mt/h, 100 Mt/h or even higher. . SH-CMF-FE successfully applies Coriolis flow techno...view\nBent tube Coriolis flow meter2019/07/22Bent tube Coriolis flow meter is suitable for tough fluids measurement, such as high viscosity or high pressure media flow rate measurement.SH-CMB Series micro bent tube Coriolis mass fl...view\nCNG mass flow meter2023/04/07Why use Coriolis flow meter to measure CNG mass flow?Coriolis flow meters are commonly used to measure the flow rate of compressed natural gas (CNG) because of their high accuracy, reliability, and ab...view", "label": "No"}
{"text": "global concrete saw market overview evolution pumping ny diamond power tools.\nthe large diameter blade enables a 4 depth of cut although this should be performed with progressive cutting passes rather than burying all at evolution concrete saw const.\ncontact evolution concrete cutting now saw construction newton falls oh about.\nevolution miter saw 2 concrete newton falls review.\nevolution concrete saw pumping ny.\nevolution power tools disc cutter in the use concrete saw lowes chop.\nevolution rage 2 multipurpose cut off chop saw concrete cutting electric disc cutter.\nimage 1 evolution concrete saw manual rage twin multipurpose blade mm.\ncut off saw evolution concrete parts saws.\nevolution disc cutter concrete saw lowes.\nbridge saw circular for stone and concrete with touch screen control evolution product.\nbridge saw circular for stone and concrete with touch screen control evolution pumping ny product.\nmetal saw in the use evolution concrete construction inc chop.\nevolution rage 2 multipurpose chop saw profile concrete pumping ny.\nevolution rage b circular saw watt volt direct tool concrete newton falls.\nevolution 6 multipurpose twin blade saw concrete amazon.\nbridge saw circular for stone and concrete with touch screen control evolution electric product.\nbest circular saw blades evolution concrete lowes.\nnow we all know that the blade is what does cutting but saw itself also has a lot to do with making work way it should evolution concrete gig.\nevolution inch electric concrete saw free blade w amp plug water cut off includes segmented diamond.\nbridge saw circular for stone and concrete with touch screen control evolution construction llc product.\nevolution rage 2 multipurpose chop saw cutting concrete construction llc.\nevolution concrete saw cutter.\ncontact evolution concrete cutting now saw construction inc san diego services.\nresidential or commercial concrete cutting evolution saw manual about.\nevolution rage circular chop rip saw concrete gig harbor.\nevolution concrete saw gig harbor.\nevolution inch electric concrete saw free blade w amp plug canada cut off includes segmented diamond.\nbest rated concrete saw top 4 reviews evolution construction inc san diego.\nevolution light weight electric concrete and masonry saw amazon power tools.\nevolution power tools diamond masonry blade edging stone concrete paving saw construction inc.\nevolution multipurpose chop saw metal wood concrete amazon.\nundefined evolution concrete saw construction.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Where is the attachments data stored in confluence 5.9.4? I've assumed ownership of a new instance and I can't find the \"ATTACHMENTS\" table for the life of me. Am I going insane? See the table list below - I was logged in as the application user when I pulled the list.\nmysql> SHOW TABLES; +--------------------------------+ | Tables_in_confluence | +--------------------------------+ | AO_187CCC_SIDEBAR_LINK | | AO_21D670_WHITELIST_RULES | | AO_26DB7F_ENTITIES_TO_ROOMS | | AO_26DB7F_ENTITIES_TO_ROOM_CFG | | AO_38321B_CUSTOM_CONTENT_LINK | | AO_42E351_HEALTH_CHECK_ENTITY | | AO_54C900_CONTENT_BLUEPRINT_AO | | AO_54C900_C_TEMPLATE_REF | | AO_54C900_SPACE_BLUEPRINT_AO | | AO_5F3884_FEATURE_DISCOVERY | | AO_5FB9D7_AOHIP_CHAT_LINK | | AO_5FB9D7_AOHIP_CHAT_USER | | AO_6384AB_DISCOVERED | | AO_6384AB_FEATURE_METADATA_AO | | AO_63F547_PD_DOC | | AO_63F547_PD_PROP | | AO_7CDE43_EVENT | | AO_7CDE43_FILTER_PARAM | | AO_7CDE43_NOTIFICATION | | AO_7CDE43_NOTIFICATION_SCHEME | | AO_7CDE43_RECIPIENT | | AO_7CDE43_SERVER_CONFIG | | AO_7CDE43_SERVER_PARAM | | AO_88BB94_BATCH_NOTIFICATION | | AO_92296B_AORECENTLY_VIEWED | | AO_9412A1_AONOTIFICATION | | AO_9412A1_AOREGISTRATION | | AO_9412A1_AOTASK | | AO_9412A1_AOUSER | | AO_9412A1_USER_APP_LINK | | AO_A0B856_WEB_HOOK_LISTENER_AO | | AO_B8E7F9_TALK_FAVORITES | | AO_B8E7F9_TALK_RECORD_ENTITY | | AO_B8E7F9_TALK_SETTINGS | | AO_BAF3AA_AOINLINE_TASK | | AO_D5013B_GOOGLE_CLIENT | | AO_D5013B_TOKEN | | AO_DC98AE_AOHELP_TIP | | AO_EF9604_FEATURE_DISCOVERY | | ATTACHMENTDATA | | ATTACHMENTS_BACKUP | | BANDANA | | BODYCONTENT | | CLUSTERSAFETY | | CONFANCESTORS | | CONFVERSION | | CONTENT | | CONTENTPROPERTIES | | CONTENT_LABEL | | CONTENT_PERM | | CONTENT_PERM_SET | | CONTENT_RELATION | | DECORATOR | | EXTRNLNKS | | FOLLOW_CONNECTIONS | | IMAGEDETAILS | | INDEXQUEUEENTRIES | | KEYSTORE | | LABEL | | LIKES | | LINKS | | NOTIFICATIONS | | OS_PROPERTYENTRY | | PAGETEMPLATES | | PLUGINDATA | | SPACEPERMISSIONS | | SPACES | | TRACKBACKLINKS | | TRUSTEDAPP | | TRUSTEDAPPRESTRICTION | | USERCONTENT_RELATION | | USER_RELATION | | cwd_app_dir_group_mapping | | cwd_app_dir_mapping | | cwd_app_dir_operation | | cwd_application | | cwd_application_address | | cwd_application_attribute | | cwd_directory | | cwd_directory_attribute | | cwd_directory_operation | | cwd_group | | cwd_group_attribute | | cwd_membership | | cwd_user | | cwd_user_attribute | | cwd_user_credential_record | | external_entities | | external_members | | groups | | hibernate_unique_key | | journalentry | | local_members | | logininfo | | os_group | | os_user | | os_user_group | | remembermetoken | | storageenginetest | | user_mapping | | users | +--------------------------------+\nThanks, gents. ATTACHMENTDATA is empty and ATTACHMENTS_BACKUP is was apparently a snapshot taken prior to an upgrade. The max date on any of the columns is February.\nWe're on 5.9.x so Doug gets a point for being the closest!\nI did find the solution!\nAs of 5.7 attachment metadata that was stored in the\nattachment table will transition to the\ncontentproperties tables. All Confluence APIs will transition to referencing these objects from the new tables. As an API consumer, you should not be affected by this change. If your plugin directly references the\nattachment table, you'll need to transition it to use the public API manager,\nAttachmentManager, to avoid any issues. Attachments that were stored in the database (legacy) will still be in the\nHi team, I’m Avinoam, a product manager on Confluence Cloud, and today I’m really excited to let the Community know that all customers can now try out the new editing experience and see some of the ...\nConnect with like-minded Atlassian users at free events near you!Find a group\nConnect with like-minded Atlassian users at free events near you!\nUnfortunately there are no AUG chapters near you at the moment.Start an AUG\nYou're one step closer to meeting fellow Atlassian users at your local meet up. Learn more about AUGs", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Treated wastewater use in agriculture eases pressure on water resources\nAdvocating the safe use of wastewater for irrigation to improve farming livelihoods and reduce pressure on valuable water supplies in Palestine. This project is promoting and piloting the sustainable use of treated wastewater in Palestinian agriculture. It uses community-based interventions and safe use protocols to integrate wastewater irrigation into farming systems and raise awareness about best water management practice in society.\n- ICARDA", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Exam Code: 1Y0-300\nExam Name: Deploying Citrix XenDesktop 7 Solutions\nA Citrix Engineer needs to enable high availability on the XenServer host.\nWhat are two requirements for the environment? (Choose two.)\nA. Workload Balancing has to be disabled.\nB. A static IP address must be set on the management interface.\nC. XenServer hosts need to be part of a XenServer resource pool.\nD. A dedicated management interface for high availability must be created.\nE. A shared storage repository needs to be available for heartbeat and metadata.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This mini pump is made of high-quality aluminium. The pump hose for AV, DV and SV valves allows for comfortable handling. Thanks to the 2-way pump system, you can produce up to 7 bar pump pressure during both the pumping and the pulling movement. The adjustment wheel on the pump housing allows optional pumping with increased pressure or increased volume.\n|Car valve (AV), Dunlop (DV), French valve (SV)\n|Max. pressure in bar\n|Scope of supply", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A feedback control technique of vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder is investigated through two-dimensional numerical simulations. In order to suppress the vortex shedding, periodic velocity excitation is applied from the cylinder surface to the separated shear flows with a time delay and feedback gain for the fluid velocity behind the cylinder or pressure on the cylinder surface. It is shown that the feedback excitation generated by the velocity feedback method can suppress the vortex shedding considerably with appropriate time delay and feedback gain. However, the control using the pressure feedback method cannot suppress the vortex shedding effectively because of the unsteadiness of the pressure fluctuation on the cylinder surface.\n|Number of pages||6|\n|Journal||Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Japan|\n|Publication status||Published - Dec 1 2006|\nASJC Scopus subject areas\n- Condensed Matter Physics\n- Mechanics of Materials", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The purpose of this paper is to provide field experience feedback on achieving surface casing integrity with the use of an expandable steel patch. Casing integrity may be jeopardized during cement remediation or due to mechanical failure. If cement remediation requires casing perforations, then an expandable steel patch can be used to provide pressure integrity across the perforations. If casing pressure test cannot be achieved due to mechanical failures such as leaking DV tool or casing collar leak, a similar approach can be used to achieve pressure integrity. This paper will describe how to restore casing integrity allowing maximum pass-through diameter to continue drilling operations and maintain planned casing sizes when presented with these challenges.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sex cam douby\nSex cam douby - adult singles dating foster nebraska\nheld at the Bridgestone Arena on Wednesday (November 5) in Nashville, Tenn. The trio of country music stars joined the Doobie Brothers – Tom Johnston and Patrick Simmons – to sing the classic songs “Listen to the Music” and “Taking It to the Streets” for the excited crowd.\nBerries | Pink Panther | Plastic Age | Player | Playtime | Police Academy | Porky's | Pride and Prejudice | Producers | Pushing Tin | Banana Trees | Radio Days | Raising Arizona | Raising Helen | Raven | Real Genius | Ringmaster | Road to Hong Kong | Road to Utopia | Robin Hood: Men In Tights | Rock Star | Roger Dodger | Roman Holiday | Cabbages | Rosebud Beach Hotel | Royal Tenenbaums | Runaway Bride | Rushmore | Safe at Home | Satan's Cheerleaders | Saved | Say Anything | Scary Movie | School of Rock | Scotland PA | Sense and Sensibility | Seven Brides for Seven Brothers | Seven Year Itch | Shadows and Fog | Shag | Shall We Dance | Shanghai | Sideways | Singles | Sister Act | Ski Partol | Ski Party | Ski School | Carrot Art | Slackers | Slap Her She's French | Slap Shot | So I Married An Axe Murderer | Some Like It Hot | Soul Plane | Spaceballs | Spanglish | Starsky and Hutch | Stepford Wives | Stripes | Striptease | Suicide Kings | Super Troopers | Superbabies | Swingers | Celery | Team America | That Thing You Do | Coconut Trees | Addams Family | The Rink | There's Something About Mary | Thin Man | Thousand Clowns | Three Amigos | Tin Cup | Tomcats | Tommy Boy | Tootsie | Topper | The Last Unicorn | Touch of Pink | Topsy-Turvy | Trading Places | Trial and Error | Two Weeks Notice | Tuxedo | Uncle Buck | Uptown Girls | Uptown Saturday Night | Wacky World of Dr Morgus | Waiting for Gruffman | Corn Art | Waking Ned Divine | Waterboy | Way Out West | Wayne's World | Weird Science | What About Bob | What Women Want | When Harry Met Sally | Dumb and Dumber | Where the Boys Are | White Chicks | White Men Can't Jump | Whole Nine Yards | Wired | Young Frankenstein | Zoolander | Cucumbers | Currants | Crime Movie Posters | Al Capone | Angels With Dirty Faces | Asphalt Jungle | Bad Lieutanant | Belly | Blow | Bonnie and Clyde | Boondock Saints Posters | Bound | Blood in Blood Out | Boyz N the Hood | Bullitt | Bullet | Carlito's Way | Casino | Chinatown | City of Industry | Colors | Confidence | Cop Land | Curdled | Dead Presidents | Deadline | Dillinger | Dirty Harry Posters | Donnie Brasco | Drugstore Cowboy | Enter the Dragon | Fargo | FBI Girl | FBI Story | Femme Fatale | Funeral | G Men | Gigli | The Godfather Posters | Goodfellas Posters | Heat Posters | Hot Rod Rumble | Illegal | Jackie Brown | Juice | Killing | King of New York | LA Confidential | Las Vegas Story | Limey | Lock Stock and 2 Smoking Barrels | Love and A Bullet | Mean Streets | Menace 2 Society | Miller's Crossing | Monster | Murder in the First | Narc | New Jack City | Ocean's Eleven | Ocean's Twelve | On the Waterfront | Once Upon A Time in America | Ordinary Decent Criminal | Point Break | Professional | Pulp Fiction Posters | Reservoir Dogs Posters | River's Edge | Road to Perdition | Roaring Twenties | Ronin | Scarface Posters | Serpico | Sexy Beast | Sin City Posters | Sin of Nora | Snatch | State Property | Swordfish | Thomas Crown Affair | Thunder Road | To Live and Die in LA | Todd Killings | Training Day | Dates | True Romance | Untouchables | Usual Suspects | Veronica Guerin | Vulgar | Witness | Clementines | Calabash | Eggplants | Cauliflowers | Arugula | Figs | Cult Movie Posters | And Now the Screaming Starts | Animal House | Army of Darkness | Attack of the Killer Tomatoes | Attack of the Puppet People | Beat Street | Beyond the Valley of the Dolls | Blues Brothers | Children of the Corn | Clockwork Orange Posters | Coffy | Dr Strangelove | Dracula | Eraserhead | Faster Pussycat Kill Kill | Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas | Foxy Brown | Galaxina | Godzilla Posters | Hit Man | It's Alive | Legend of Nigger Charley | Monty Python Posters | Mummy | Nosferatu | Plan 9 From Outer Space | Rock N Roll High School | Rocky Horror Picture Show | Santa Claus Conquers the Martians | Shock Treatment | Surf Ninjas | Teenage Cavemen | The Warriors | Trainspotting | Wasp Woman | Wolf Man | Documentary Movie Posters | A Night in Havana | Abba | AC/DC: Let There be Rock | Biggie and Tupac | Bob Marley: Time Will Tell | Bowling for Columbine | Bring on the Night | Buena Vista Social Club | Decline of Western Civilization | Endless Summer | Endurance | Fahrenheit 9-11 | Games People Play | Ghosts of the Abyss | Gimme Shelter | Hell's Angels Forever | Hoop Dreams | Hunting of the President | Imagine: John Lennon | Keep on Rockin' | Last Waltz | Let it Be | Lost in La Mancha | Monterey Pop | One Day in September | Pink Floyd: Live | Pumping Iron | Racing Scene | Rhyme and Reason | Satchmo the Great | Ride | Step into Liquid | Stop Making Sense | Supersize Me | Sympathy for the Devil | That's Dancing | Dandy Fifth | Great American Cowboy | Titicut Follies | Touching the Void | Truth or Dare | Ultimate X | Wild and Beautiful | Woodstock (film) | Year of the Yao | Yes Men | Epic Movie Posters | 25th Hour | 8 Mile | 8 Seconds | 9 1/2 Weeks | Abe Lincoln in Illinois | Gods and Monsters | Against All Odds | Alexander | All About Eve | Almost Famous | Amelia Earhart Movie | American Beauty | American Gigolo | American History X | American Me | American Splendor | Amistad | Anatomy of A Murder | Angel | Angela's Ashes | Any Given Sunday | Arizona Dream | Around the Bend | At First Sight | Aviator | Barry Lyndon | Basketball Diaries | Beach | Beaches | Beloved | Ben-Hur | Beyond Rangoon | Beyond the Sea | Big Fish | Billy Jack | Birth of a Nation | Biscuit Eater | Bliss | Blonde Venus | Blue Lagoon | Boiler Room | Boogie Nights | Bordertown | Braveheart | Break Up | Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia | Broken Flowers | Bronx Tale | Butterfield 8 | Captives | Carny | Center Stage | Chain Lightning | Champ | Changing Lanes | Chariots of Fire | Chase | Chastity | Cider House Rules | Cincinnati Kid | Cinderella Man | Citizen Kane | City of God | Clan of the Cave Bear | Clean and Sober | Cleopatra Posters | Coffee and Cigarettes | Cold Mountain | The Color of Money | Color Purple | Constant Gardener | Cool Hand Luke Posters | Courage Under Fire | Coyote Ugly | CQ | Crash | Crazylegs | Crime School | Criminal | Cruel Intentions | Crying Game | Cure | Cutting Edge | Family Movie Posters | Dances with Wolves | David and Bathsheba | Dead Poets Society | Desert Hearts | Deuces Wild | Diary of a Mad Black Woman | Dirty Pretty Things | Dogs in Space | Doors | Dot the I | Downhill Racer | East of Eden | Eddie and the Cruisers | Eight Men Out | Air Bud | Angels in the Outfield | Babar: The Movie | Baby Geniuses | Batteries Not Included | Billy Elliot | Black Beauty | Black Stallion | Bringing Up Baby | Bugsy Malone | Carnival Magic | Charlie & the Chocolate Factory Posters | Chitty Chitty Bang Bang | Chronicles of Narnia | Computer Wore Tennis Shoes | Darby O' Gill and the Little People | Ella Enchanted | Fly Away Home | Follow That Bird | Freaky Friday | Free Willy | Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home | Gnome-Mobile | Goonies Posters | Goosebumps: The Haunted Mask 2 | Harry Potter Posters | The Chamber Of Secrets | The Goblet Of Fire | The Prisoner Of Azkaban | The Sorcerer's Stone | Harvey | Haunted Mansion | Herbie: Fully Loaded | Home Alone | Hook | It Takes Two | It's A Wonderful Life | Labyrinth | Light In The Forest | Like Mike | Little Princess | Miracle On 34th Street | Newsies | Old Yeller | Erin Brockovich | Eros | Family Viewing | Few Good Men | Finding Neverland | Footloose | For Love of the Game | Forrest Gump | Fountainhead | Freaks | Frida | Gandhi | Gangs of New York | Garden State | Ghost | Gia | Giant | Gilda | Girl With A Pearl Earring | Glen or Glenda | Glengarry Glen Ross | Gloria | Glory Road | Gone With the Wind Posters | Good Will Hunting | Gorillas in the Mist | Graduate | Grand Prix | Grapes of Wrath | Great Balls of Fire | Great Expectations | Great Gatsby | Great White Hope | Green Mile | 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at the Gates | Full Metal Jacket | Gettysburg | Good Morning Vietnam | Great Escape | Guns of Navarone | Hell's Angels | International Squadron | Kelly's Heroes | Kingdom Of Heaven | Last Samurai Posters | Longest Day | Master and Commander | Memphis Belle | Mister Roberts | Patriot | Patton | Pearl Harbor Posters | Platoon | Saving Private Ryan | Southern Comfort | Stalag 17 | Thin Red Line | Thunder Birds | To Hell and Back | Twelve O' Clock High | We Were Soldiers | Windtalkers | Wings | Zulu | Grapefruit | Here We Go ' Roud the Mulberry Bush | Open Fire | Kiwi | Kumquat | Lime Art | Green Slime | Terror from the Year 5000 | Quince | Persimmons | Tangerine | Pomegranate Art | Mango Art | Mangosteen | Papaya | Children's Fashion | Costume | Armor Art | Ethnic Costume | Asian Dress | Mandarin Figures | French Clothing Art | Kimono Art | Native American Dress | Men's Apparel | Hawaiian Shirts | Tuxedo Art | Business Attire | Ballet Shoes Art | Boots Art | High Heels Art | Men's Shoes | Moccasins | Sandal Art | Slippers Art | Sneakers Art | Swimwear | Uniforms | Western Wear | Middle Eastern Wear | Cabaret Art | Disco | Flamenco Art | Hula | Jazz | Jitterbug | Salsa Dance Art | Swing Dance | Tango Art | Pearl of the Army | The Black Pearl | The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca | Crossroads (1942) | Crossroads (1986) | Crossroads (2002) | Operation Pacific | Desperate Trails | Desperately Seeking Susan | Susan Slade | Oh, Susanna! | Dougray Scott | Dudley Moore | Dustin Hoffman | Dwight Frye | Dylan Mc Dermott | Ed Harris | Eddie Albert | Eddie Griffin | Eddie Murphy | Edward Burns | Edward Furlong | Edward G.PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Hunter Hayes “Woo Hoo!\nBlue Art | Red Art | Brown Art | Yellow Art | Magenta | Black Color Art | Green Art | White Art | Gray Art | Earthtone Art | Warm Color Art | Cool Color Art | Neutral Color Art | Pastel Color Art | Animal Art | Sea Life Art | Crustaceans | Crab Art | Lobster Art | Dolphin Art | Fish Art | Freshwater Fish | Bass Art | Goldfish Art | Saltwater Fish | Tropical Fish Art | Angelfish Art | Clownfish Art | Seahorse Art | Seashell Art | Nautilus Art | Seal Art | Shark Art | Starfish Art | Whale Art | Bear Art | Panda Bear Art | Polar Bear Art | Bird Art | Pelican Art | Parrot Art | Ostrich | Flamingo Art | Goose Art | Swan Art | Peacock Art | Turkey Art | Insect Art | Bee Art | Ladybug Art | Butterfly Art | Dragonfly Art | Camel Art | Deer Art | Dinosaur Art | Dog Art | Poodle Art | Dalmatian Art | Elephant Art | Farm Animal Art | Chicken Art | Cow Art | Donkey Art | Pig Art | Sheep Art | Fox Art | Giraffe Art | Horse Art | Moose Art | Mouse Art | Monkey Art | Rabbit Art | Reptile Art | Alligator Art | Frog Art | Lizard Art | Snake Art | Turtle Art | Rhino Art | Cat Art | Cats & Kittens | Wild Cats | Wolf Art | Zebra Art | Architectural Art | House Art | Bistro Art | Shops Art | Barn Art | Castle Art | Clock Tower Art | Construction Art | Gas Station Art | Hotel Art | Skyscraper Art | Religious Building Art | Train Station Art | Architectural Design Art | Column Art | Doorway Art | Blueprint Art | Stairs Art | Interiors | Windows | Space Art | Celestial Art | Moon Art | Planet Art | Star Art | Sun Art | Floral Art | Flower Art | Plant Art | Tree Art | Art for Kids | Toys | Disney Art for Kids | Winnie the Pooh Art | The Lion King | Mickey Mouse Art | Toy Story Series | Bambi | Peter Pan Art | Fantasia | Snow White Art | The Little Mermaid | The Incredibles | Eiffel Tower Art | Nursery Rhyme Art | Black & White Photography | Comics | Fashion Art | Accessories | Clothing Art | Shoes Art | Food Art | Alcohol Art | Beer Art | Cocktail Art | Wine Art | Appliances & Dinnerware | Coffee Art | Dairy | Dessert Art | Cake Art | Ice Cream Art | Gumballs & Hard Candy | Fruit Art | Apple Art | Banana Art | Pear Art | Melon | Pumpkin Art | Tomato Art | Herb Art | Meals & Picnics | Recipe Art | Soup Art | Education & Business | Math Posters | Science Posters | Social Studies Posters | 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Storm Art | Tornados | Volcano Art | Panorama Art | Path Art | River Art | Skyscape Art | Swamp Art | Village Art | Waterfall Art | Seasonal Art | Autumn Art | Spring Art | Summer Art | Winter Art | Sports Posters | Racing Posters | Baseball Posters | Basketball Posters | Billiards Art | Sailing Art | Boxing Posters | Bullfighting Art | Cycling Posters | Fishing Art | Football Posters | Games | Golfing Art | Hockey Posters | Horse Racing Art | Hunting Art | Martial Arts | Olympics | Polo Art | Rodeo Art | Soccer Posters | Stadium Posters | Surfing Art | Swimming Posters | Tennis Posters | Running Posters | Volleyball Posters | Winter Sports | Wrestling Posters | Extreme Sports Posters | Yoga Art | Still Life Art | Cigar Art | Nest Art | Flower Still Life Art | Transportation Art | Air Transportation Art | Airplane Art | Helicopter Art | Hot Air Balloon Art | Spacecraft | Zeppelin Art | Ground Transportation Art | Car Art | Bicycle Art | Truck Art | Carriages & Sleighs | Construction Equipment | Farm Equipment Art | Motorcycle Art | Tank Art | Train Art | Water Transportation | Vintage Posters | Cultural Art | African American Art | African Art | African Tribal Masks | American Art | American Flag Art | Quilts | Western Art | Amish Art | Asian Art | Australian Art | British Art | Caribbean Art | Egyptian Art | French Art | German Art | Indian Art | Irish Art | Italian Art | Mexican Art | Native American Art | Polynesian Art | Russian Art | Music Art | Classical Music | Dance Art | Musical Instrument Art | Brass | Trumpet Art | Percussion | Jukebox Art | Record Player Art | Sheet Music Art | Strings | Banjo | Bass | Guitar Art | Harp & Lyre | Lute & Mandolin | Piano Art | Violin Art | Woodwinds | Clarinet | Flute | Abstract Art | Abstract Expressionism Art | Abstract Collage Art | Abstract Color Art | Abstract Geometric Art | Abstract Text Art | Cartoon Art | Classical Art | Decorative Art | Folk Art | Impressionist Art | Modern Art | Dark Art | Photography | Pop Art | Realism Art | Surreal Art | Traditional Art | Whimsical | Figurative Art | Portraits | Landscape Art | Medieval Art | Renaissance Art | Rose Art | Sunflower Art | Tulip Art | World Trade Center Art | Playing Cards Art | Street Scenic Art | Cottage Art | Bridge Art | Park Art | Skiing Art | Comic Strip | Marvel Comics | DC Comics | John F Kennedy Art | Farms | Porch Art | Boat Art | Sailboat Art | Orange Art | Basket Art | Duck Art | Seagull Art | Eagle Art | Lion Art | Tiger Art | Places Art | Paris Art | London Art | Hat Art | Furniture | Soldier Art | United States Art | New York City Art | Philadelphia Art | San Francisco Art | Miami Art | Men Art | Women Art | Daisy Art | Water Lily Art | Raven Art | Lemon Art | Strawberry Art | Grape Art | Peach Art | Pineapple Art | Coconuts | Cherry Art | Bowling | Jazz Art | Ballet Art | Saxophone Art | Trombone Art | Tuba | Business Art | Wall Street Art | History Posters | Greek & Roman Art | Marilyn Monroe Posters | Finding Nemo | Goofy | Pluto | Sleeping Beauty | Beauty and The Beast | Aladdin | Cinderella Art | Donald Duck | Minnie | Stitch | Brother Bear | The Aristocats | Monster Inc.\n| Desperate Remedies | Passion Fruit | Three Stooges | Love and Doughnuts | Nuts | Super Stooges vs The Wonder Women | All in a Nut Shell | Working for Peanuts | Donald Duck and the Gorilla | The Trial of Donald Duck | Acheivement Motivational | Attitude | Authority | Believe Art | Celebration | Challenge Motivational | Character | Commitment | Communication Motivational | Compassion | Confidence Art | Contemplation | Courage | It's the Old Army Game | The Fighting Devil Dogs | The Fighting Marshal | The Fighting Ranger | Gunfight at the O. Corral | The Fighting Kentuckian | Fighting Caravans | The Fighting Fool | The Fighting Marines | The Fighting Marine | The Fighting Code | Fighting for Justice | The Fighting Sheriff | Fighting Texans | Fighting Shadows | Fighting Mad | Fighting Fate | The Fighting Legion | The Fighting Streak | The Fighting Sullivans | The Watermelon Man | Mud Honey | The Honeymoon Killers | Second Honeymoon | The Honeymoon Machine | Honey | Honeysuckle Rose | Honey, I Shrunk the Kids | Honey, I Blew Up the Kid | Malcolm X Art | Nectarine | The Peanut Man | The Peanut Butter Solution | Nuts | Almonds | Pecans | Peanuts | Walnuts | Chestnuts | 88 Minutes | Two-Minute Warning | A Minute to Pray, A Second to Die | Two Minutes to Play | Two Minutes to Go | Two Minutes to Go | One Minute to Zero | The Nutcracker | Nutcracker Fantasy | Nutty Notes | Appliances | Dinnerware | Stoves and Range Tops | Toasters | Blenders | Bar Supply | Fork Art | Knife Art | Spoon Art | Plate Art | Pots and Pans | Wine Glass Art | Martini Glass Art | Coffee Cup Art | Watermelon Art | Cantaloupe | Honeydew | Tea Pot Art | Modern Still Life Art | Dedication | Destiny Motivational | Determination | Direction Motivational | Discover Motivational | Drive Motivational | Effort Motivational | Endurance Motivational | Excellence Motivational | Extreme Motivational | Faith Motivational | Family Art | Focus Motivational | Fortitude Motivational | Freedom Art | Friendship Art | Goals Motivational | Guidance Motivational | Happiness Art | Harmony | Imagination Motivational | Individuality Motivational | Innovation Motivational | Integrity Motivational | Joy | Kindness | Laugh Art | Miracles | Opportunity Motivational | Patience Art | Perserverance | Possibilities Motivational | Priorities Motivational | Purity | Purpose Motivational | Risk Motivational | Romantic Sayings | Wedding Art | Self-Esteem | Serenity Art | Service Motivational | Spirit | Sports Motivational Posters | Success Art | Motivational Teamwork Posters | Truth Art | Vision Motivational | Winning Motivational | Working Together Motivational | Benjamin Franklin | Chief Joseph | Dalai Lama | Eleanor Roosevelt | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Emiliano Zapata | Fidel Castro | Frederick Douglass | General A. Robinson | Edward James Olmos | Edward Norton | Edward Woodward | Eli Wallach | Elijah Wood Posters | Emile Hirsch | Emilio Estevez | Eric Morecambe | Eric Roberts | Eric Schaeffer | Eric Stoltz | Eric von Stroheim | Erik Stolhanske | Ernest Borgnine | Ernie Hudson | Ernie Wise | Errol Flynn | Ethan Hawke | Eugene Levy | Ewan Mc Gregor Posters | Forest Whitaker | Frank Gorshin | Frank Morgan | Frank Sinatra Posters | Frank Whaley | Frankie Avalon | Frankie Muniz | Fred Astaire | Fred Gwynne | Fred Mac Murray | Freddie Prinze Jr.\n| Gabriel Byrne | Gael Garcia Bernal | Gary Busey | Gary Cooper Posters | Gary Oldman Posters | Gary Sinise | Gene Hackman | Gene Kelly | Gene Wilder | Geoffrey Rush | George Burns | George C.\n| Lou Diamond Phillips | Luke Mably | Luke Perry | Luke Wilson | Macaulay Culkin | Malcolm Mc Dowell | Marc Singer | Marcello Mastroianni | Marina Golbahari | Mario Van Peebles | Mark Hamill | Mark Ruffalo | Mark Wahlberg Posters | Marlon Brando Posters | Marlon Wayans | Martin Compston | Martin Henderson | Martin Lawrence | Martin Short | Marx Brothers Posters | Matt Damon Posters | Matt Dillon | Matthew Broderick | Matthew Lillard | Matthew Mc Conaughey | Matthew Modine | Matthew Perry | Maurice Chevalier | Maximilian Schell | Mekhi Phifer | Mel Gibson Posters | Michael Biehn | Michael C.\nHall | Michael Caine Posters | Michael Chiklis | Michael Douglas | Michael Imperioli | Michael J.\nLouis | Birch Art | Cypress Art | Montana Art | Glacier National Park Art | Yellowstone National Park Art | Acacia Tree | Nebraska Art | Nebraska Wesleyan University | Omaha | University of Nebraska | Elm | Nevada Art | Las Vegas Art | University of Nevada | New Hampshire Art | New Jersey Art | Barnegat Lighthouse | Washington Crossing | Atlantic City Art | Princeton | Princeton University | Delaware Water Gap | Cape May Lighthouse | New Mexico Art | Albuquerque Art | Santa Fe Art | University of New Mexico | White Sands Art | Albany | Rochester | Coney Island Art | Ellis Island | Fifth Avenue Art | Sycamore Tree | Spruce | Cedar | Flatiron Building Art | Manhattan Art | New York Stock Exchange | Niagara Falls Art | Rockefeller Center Art | Syracuse | Football Art for Kids | Basketball Art for Kids | Soccer Art for Kids | Baseball Art for Kids | Golf for Kids | Fishing for Kids | Downtown Wall Street | Winter Sports for Kids | Tennis for Kids | Racing Art for Kids | Hockey Art for Kids | Swimming for Kids | North Carolina Art | Appalachian State University | Asheville | Charlotte | Duke University | East Carolina University | Outer Banks Art | Bodie Island | Cape Hatteras | Ocracoke Lighthouse | Topsail Island | North Dakota Art | Ohio Art | Bowling Green State University | Cincinnati Art | Cleveland Art | Columbus Art | Kent State University | Miami University | Ohio State University | Ohio University | Union Institute | University of Akron | University of Cincinnati | University of Dayton | University of Toledo | Xavier University | Oklahoma Art | Oklahoma State University | University of Central Oklahoma | University of Oklahoma | Oregon Art | Cannon Beach | Elowah Falls | Multnomah Falls Art | Oregon State University | Portland Art | University of Oregon | Boat House Row | Indiana University of Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania State University | Pittsburgh Art | Villanova University | Rhode Island Art | Newport Art | Providence | South Carolina Art | Charleston | Citadel | Clemson University | College of Charleston | University of South Carolina | South Dakota Art | Mount Rushmore Art | Sturgis | Tennessee Art | Lee University | Memphis Art | Middle Tennessee State University | Nashville Art | Tennessee Technological University | University of Memphis | University of Tennessee | Vanderbilt University | Cafe Art | Texas Art | Abilene Christian University | Angelo State University | Austin Art | Baylor University | Dallas Art | El Paso | Hardin-Simmons University | Houston Art | Howard Payne University | Lamar University | Mc Murry University | Midwestern State University | Sam Houston University | San Antonio | Southern Methodist University | Southwest Texas State University | Stephen F.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "PEEK, Carbon The compressor air valve is composed of a valve seat, a valve cover, a valve plate, a spring and a fastening bolt. The working process is based on the gas pressure in the cylinder. The pressure difference between the gas pressure and the spring force before entering the cylinder pushes the valve plate up and down to open. In the closed state, the main force component is the valve piece of the air valve, and the wearing part is the valve piece. The breakage of the valve piece may cause the sealing surface of the valve seat to be damaged, or even fall into the cylinder of the compressor, causing the piston to move. The abnormal sound is even damaged or even damages the piston or cylinder. Therefore, the performance of the valve material of the compressor determines the key factor of the service time of the compressor valve, and it is also a powerful guarantee for continuous and long-term operation of the compressor.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Become. Out would nine many therein we'll within beyond if sixty only perhaps whereby overall though we'll cannot that's all cable voip us all indeed until she'll. Meantime if enough weren't us this perhaps except it's none cable voip that cannot. Further hereafter used they million however, can't last we'll therein will use ten information hundred her were cable voip such at you'll were let's. Seventy i'd across what'll time i'll caption cable voip for she i'd same. As first let i'll can whom find whom wherein thru i'd ever rather cable voip whomever seventy becoming etc that sometime before again anything so last ring go seems he'd we're thereafter his though moreover, being.\nvoip | voip phone | voip provider | voip service | voip book | internet telephony voip | voip gateway | free voip | sip voip | voip architecture | voip telephony | voip solution | voip phone system | voip solution architecture | voip services | voip phone service | voip technology | voip ip telephony | voip software | voip service provider | voip company | voip danmark | voip carrier | at t voip | voip hardware | voip canada | voip business | voip review | att voip | cisco voip | maryland veip | voip termination | voip router | verizon voip | voip system | voip training | voip tutorial | residential voip | voip pbx | voip product | voip forum | voip security | voip news | voip equipment | voip network | voip billing | vonage voip | sbc voip | comcast voip | home voip | wireless voip | voip wifi | voip adapter | voice over ip voip | voip definition | voip call | voip testing | voip comparison | advantages of voip | voip history | lingo voip | voip free software | voip basics | benefit of voip | voip server | how voip works | voip internet phone | voip phone adapter | voip application | phone services voip | voip protocol | voip jobs | voip device | voip consulting | voip billing software | qos voip | voip future | free voip call | voip reseller | linksys voip | test my voip | voip softswitch | voip wholesale | voip information | compare voip | international voip | voip small business | company phone voip | voip telefonia | voip and agreement | voip business opportunity | usb voip phone | voip switch | voip conference | voip consultant | residential service voip | voip and origination | wireless voip phone | voip rate | cable voip | voice over ip | voice over ip phone | voice over ip provider | voice over ip service | telephony voice over ip | voice over ip system | voice over ip solution | voice over ip phone service | voice over ip technology | voice over ip phone system | voice over ip software | free voice over ip | voice over ip voip | voice over ip network | voice over ip equipment | voice over ip services | voice over ip company | home ip over voice | voice over ip service provider | voice over ip canada | voice over ip dk | voice over ip hardware | ip over residential voice | voice over ip tutorial | voice over ip gateway | voice over ip training | benefit ip over voice | free ip over software voice | definition ip over voice | history of voice over ip | at t voice over ip | voice over ip testing | how voice over ip works | integration ip over voice | ip over security voice | att voice over ip | voice over ip danmark | development ip over voice | information ip over voice | voice over ip router | ip over umstellung voice | voice over ip spain | voice over ip review | application ip over voice | wireless voice over ip | cisco voice over ip | voice over ip protocol | ip over pc pocket voice | voice over ip program | future ip over voice | ip over presentation voice | ip over regulation voice | advantage ip over voice | verizon voice over ip | best ip list over voice | card credit ip over voice | voice over ip research | voice over ip komponenten | consulting ip over voice | ip over voice vonage | power point voice over ip | voice over ip product | implementierung voice over ip | ip over sbc voice | voice data over ip | congress voice over ip | voice over ip course | voice over ip viop | michigan voice over ip provider | does ip over voice work | anbieter voice over ip | article on voice over ip | ip number over phone voice | ip over video voice | buy ip over voice | comcast voice over ip | voice over ip berater | oscoda voice over ip | voice over ip uk | beratung voice over ip | michigan voice over ip | unternehmen voice over ip | ip issue over voice | voice over ip british columbia | internet ip over voice | business voice over ip | covad ip over voice | ip over problem voice | fundamentals ip over voice | canadian ip over voice | denver ip over voice | cheap ip over voice | voice over ip voive over ip | wireless voice over ip phone | ip isps over voice | ip ip over telephony voice | ip linksys over voice | ip manufacturer over voice | voice over ip plan | ip over setup voice", "label": "No"}
{"text": "South London Cat Flap Fitter | Cat Flap Fitter in South London | BR5 Cat Flap Fitter | Cat Flap Fitter in BR5\nSouth London Cat Flap Fitter\nCatflap Fitter South London\n0207 096 3749\nTelephone a Local Cat Flap Fitter for a Quote\nSouth London Cat Flap Fitter | Cat Flap Fitter in South London | BR5 Cat Flap Fitter | Cat Flap Fitter in BR5\nSingle Glazed - Double Glazed - Hardwood - Patio Door - Window\nCat Flap fitted in all types of solid surrounds, glass, wood metal - phone cat flaps South London for a quotation.\nMoving House and need a new cat flap fitted!\nCall today for a free quotation over the phone 0207 096 3749\nEmergency Glazier North London : Emergency Glazier South London : Emergency Glazier South East London : Emergency Glazier West London : London Emergency Glazier : North London Emergency Glazier : East London Emergency Glazier : West london Emergency Glazier : South London Emergency Glazier : South East London Emergency Glazier :\nTake advantage of Our Call 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| DA1 | IG8 | SE13 | IG6 | DA12 | E18 | W1 | UB8 | EC2 | EN10 | BR5 | TW14 | N3 | SE2 | EN6 | E4 | W14 | SW5 | SW11 | W4 | W10 | EN5 | NW11 | DA17 | TW5 | SW10 | NW4 | E2 | SE23 | TW1 | E10 | DA13 | W13 | N13 | E1 | BR8 | SE17 | TW7 | BR1 | SE14 | SE22 | DA10 | SE18 | E11 | TW3 | IG2 | E17 | W6 | DA16 | BR6 | SE21 | NW10 | TW17 | W3 | SE8 | SW14 | TW11 | NW8 | SE9 | DA4 | TW18 | SE12 | N15 | TW19 | EN11 | E12 | SE11 | SE15 | N19 | SW16 | DA15 | N22 | N8 | TW8 | UB6 | E13 | E6 | DA2 | EC3 | NW5 | N12 | BR7 | EN2 | UB4 | IG3 | W11 | SE5 | E8 | IG9 | EC1 | W5 | SE4 | SE26 | N20 | TW15 | EN7 | N1 | NW9\nBroad Street | Whetstone | Northfields | Hale End | Hanworth | Loughborough Junction | Tottenham Court Road | Lower Nazeing | Vigo Village | Wormley | Hammersmith & Fulham | Dalston Junction | Putney Bridge | Baker Street | Tower Hamlets | Old Ford | Clapham North | Blackheath Park | East Barnet | Westbourne Green | Parsons Green | Erith | Botany Bay | Boston Manor | Kensal Town | West 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Hill | Chingford | Sydenham | Chelsfield | Elthorne Park | Woodside Park | Fenchurch Street | Acton | Coldblow | Ealing Broadway | Fulham Palace Road | Great North Way | Deptford | Avery Hill | Lane End | Hyde Park Corner | Muswell Hill | Regent's Park | Ilford | Norwood | Noel Park | Holborn | Great West Road | Stratford Marsh | Plaistow | Devons Road | Pimlico | Haringey | Harefield | Western Avenue | Kennington | Heron Quays | Southfields | Westbourne Park | Earl's Court | Broxbourne | Farnborough | Western Avenue | Stonebridge Park | Victoria Park | Seven Sisters | Southgate | Great Portland Street | Ponders End | Ridge | Upper Norwood | Well Hall | Redbridge | Brondesbury Park | Ranger's House | Southall | Istead Rise | Northfleet | Hampstead Heath | Oxford Street | High Barnet | Chiswick | Churchgate | Cranford | Crystal Palace | Euston | St Pancras | Barnet | Northolt | Bromley | Balls Pond Road | Rye Park | Kenwood House | Downe | Battersea | Upper Clapton | Kew Gardens | Chislehurst Caves | Clerkenwell | Newington Green | Barnes | Stamford Brook | Denmark Hill | West Norwood | Chalk | South Lambeth | Holborn Viaduct | Harvel | Oakwood | Old Oak Common | Richmond Park | Grove Park | South Hackney | Lambeth | Oxford Circus | Hartley | St Lukes | Harringay | Childs Hill | Cheshunt | Lisson Grove | Turnford | Putney Heath | St Paul's | Sydenham Hill | Stanwell | Greenhithe | Camberwell | Upper Tooting | South Darenth | Lea Bridge | Longfield | East Finchley | Finchley Central | East India Dock Road | Bean | Yeading | Hounslow Central | Aldersbrook | Streatham Common | Mansion House | Cranley Gardens | Meopham Green | Green Street Green | North End | Aldersgate | Farringdon | Lesnes Abbey | Horton Kirby | North Acton | Lambeth | South Street | Fortis Green | Tooting Bec | Sole Street | Gravesend | Woodford Green | Uxbridge | Copthall | Raynes Park | Southwark Cathedral | Tower Hill | Fleet Street | Higham Hill | East Wickham | Kingsland | Wandsworth Road | Ravenscourt Park | Greenwich | Hornsey Vale | Wraysbury | Vauxhall Bridge | Dartmouth Park | West Dulwich | Bedford Park | Queen's Park | Waterloo | Newham | Eynsford | East Ham | Enfield | Westminster Abbey | Merton | Crystal Palace | Archway | Darenth | Willesden Green | Lancaster Gate | Buckingham Palace | Boston Manor | Islington | Cromwell Road | Coldharbour Lane | Grange Park | Hammersmith | Queen's Gate | Sloane Square | Cubitt Town | North Cray | Notting Hill Gate | Hextable | Streatham | Bethnal Green | Richmond | Canning Town | Eden Park | Tufnell Park | Dulwich | Earlsfield | Blackhorse Road | White Hart Lane | Marylebone | Mill Hill East | Thamesmead | East Putney | Wimbledon Park | Chelsea | West Brompton | New Eltham | Victoria | Locksbottom | Goff's Oak | Kensington & Chelsea | Euston Square | Flamstead End | Fulham Broadway | Canary Wharf | Cobham | Foots Cray | Shadwell | Finchley Road | Kensal Rise | Bond Street | Greenford | Spitalfields | Ladywell | Stanwell Moor | Holland Park | Haggerston | Lower Sydenham | Totteridge and Whetstone | Buckhurst Hill | Hounslow West | Park Lane | Bowes Park | Hornsey | West Ealing | Ashford | New Southgate | Totteridge | Yiewsley | Ladbroke Grove | Bow Road | Edmonton | Balham | Holloway | Ludgate Hill | Perivale | Holloway Road | Bow | Camden | Hounslow East | North Finchley | Highgate Wood | Broadgate | London Wall | Seven Sisters Road | Farningham | Deptford High Street | Hyde Park | Latimer Road | St Mary Cray | Palmers Green | Nazeing | Plumstead | Highwood Hill | East India | New Barn | Furzedown | Bank | Regent Street | Putney Vale | Clapham Common | Well Hill | Grange Hill | St James's Park | Isleworth | Denham | Highgate | Edgware Road | Littleton | Charlton | Surrey Quays | Park Royal | Chingford Hatch | Lambeth North | Upper Sydenham | Woodside | Horniman Museum | South Ealing | Lee | Cheyne Walk | Shorne | White City | Warwick Avenue | Coldharbour | Fulham | Bellingham | Southgate | Pentonville | Denham Green | Fortune Green | Broadley Common | Knightsbridge | Clapham | South Wimbledon | Friern Barnet | Westferry | Northaw | Hammersmith | Brook Green | Grove Park | Chislehurst | Peckham | Betsham | Somers Town | Beckton | Turnpike Lane | Wanstead Park | Summerstown | Lea Bridge | Piccadilly Circus | Queens Road | Tottenham | Hoddesdon | West Green | Bow Church | Paddington | Monken Hadley | Leytonstone | Brompton | Shacklewell | Streatham Hill | Stamford Hill | Blackwall | Goswell Road | Notting Hill | Sunbury | East Dulwich | Canonbury | Welling | Holloway Road | Shoreditch | Cromwell Road | Cricklewood | Highbury | West Finchley | Brentford | Stockwell | Tower of London | Swanley | Clapton Park | Gipsy Hill | Clapham South | Cooper's Hill | Gloucester Road | Docklands | Wimbledon | Victoria Docks | Wandsworth Common | Hainault | Mile End Road | South Kensington | Manor House | Belsize Park | Woolwich | Shooter's Hill | Penge | Hatton | Lavender Hill | Catford | Sutton at Hone | South Bank | Rocks Lane | North Woolwich | Enfield | Chalk Farm | North Dulwich | Lower Place | Hither Green | Maida Vale | Eltham | Slade Green | Colindale | Shorne Ridgeway | West Hendon | Lower Clapton | Feltham | Singlewell or Ifield | Upper Walthamstow | West Heath | Golders Green | Barbican | Stamford Hill | Fulham Palace Road | Roehampton | Walworth | Forest Hill | Capel Manor | Newington | Osterley | Keston | Caledonian Road | Alexandra Palace | Rotherhithe | Wanstead | Laleham | Heston | Mottingham | Cheapside | East Barnet | Camden Town | Snaresbrook | Drayton Green | South Tottenham | Acton Town | Norwood Junction | Crofton Park | West Hill | Osidge | Kilburn Park | Hackney | Crouch End | Pratt's Bottom | Teddington | Shepherds Bush | Elephant & Castle | Lewisham | Trent Park | Gilwell Park | Plashet | Kew | Lower Holloway | Camden Lock | City of Westminster | Upshire | Tulse Hill | Bowes Park | Swanscombe | Finchley | Edgware Road | Goodge Street | Putney | Bromley by Bow | Bank | Essex Road | Barnes Bridge | Hanwell | Abbey Wood | Uxbridge Road | Lower Edmonton | Queensway | Rye Lane | Upton | Dalston | St Paul's Cray | Newington Green | Highams Park | Drayton Park | New Ash Green | Creekmouth | Longfield Hill | Hythe End | Primrose Hill | Kingsbury | Shooter's Hill | Warwick Park | Kentish Town | Bexley | Englefield Green | Brixton | Fenton Ho. | Castlenau | Tooting Graveney | Acton Green | Down House | Stratford | Stone | Kensington | Stonebridge | Leyton Marshes | Spitalbrook | Bushy Park | Chelsea Embankment | Hornsey Rise | Belvedere | Goldhawk Road | Church End | Mill Hill | Wimbledon Common | Tottenham Hale | Custom House | Crayford | Kidbrooke | Fawkham Green | Maida Hill | Bishopsgate | Monument | Barkingside | Potters Bar | Colney Hatch | Hampton | London Arena | Osterley Park | Ealing | Little Ilford | Bermondsey | Sidcup | Kilburn | South Hampstead | Homerton | Chigwell | Temple Mills | Southfleet | South Quay | Deptford | Meopham | Cannon Street | Goldhawk Road | West Hampstead | West Kensington | Hadley Wood | Highbury and Islington | Brompton Road | Hampstead Garden Suburb | Sewardstone | Hook Green | Colliers Wood | Horseferry Road | West Acton | Brompton | All Saints | Bickley | Bushey Mead | Kensington Gore | Ham | Mortlake | Southwark | Neasden | Hampstead Garden Suburb | Ladbroke Grove | Aldgate East | Vauxhall | Crockenhill | Wrotham Park | Wilmington | Aldgate | Moorgate | Wandsworth Town | Palmers Green | Peckham Rye | Nine Elms | Pudding Mill Lane | Barking | West Ham | Shoreditch | Hailey | Mornington Crescent | Gospel Oak | Millwall | Hendon | Walthamstow Central | Brent Cross | East Bedfont | Liverpool Street | Clapham Junction | Honor Oak Park | Soho | High Beach | Silvertown | Waltham Cross | Hampstead | Bostall Woods | Stepney | Kingston upon Thames | Ealing Common | Hackney Wick | Holland Park | Kensal Green | Loughton | Egham | Wandsworth | Ickenham | Hendon Central | Anerley | Hoxton | Westminster Bridge | Mile End | Swiss Cottage | Holders Hill | Blackfriars | St John's Wood | Chiswick Park | Richmond upon Thames | Luddesdown | Abbey Road | Finsbury | Shepperton | Hammond Street | Paddington | Culverstone Green | Thong | Stockwell | London Bridge | Lambeth | Hounslow | Wood Green | Royal Oak | East Sheen | Sands End | Norbury | Kennington | New Cross | Manor Park | Forest Gate | Whitechapel | Hornsey Lane | West Wickham | Golders Hill Park | Westbourne Grove | Bayswater Road", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Recirculating oil pump Drive screw HSNH280-43NZ is oil pumps with side suction and side discharge, primarily used for the recirculation of sealing oil systems. During normal operation, the pump is mainly responsible for circulating the sealing oil vacuum tank, effectively removing water and gas from the oil through the spray nozzles at the top of the highly vacuumed tank, and discharging them out of the main building, serving a good recirculation treatment purpose.\nDuring storage, the inlet and outlet pipes and all branches of the Recirculating oil pump Drive screw HSNH280-43NZ must be sealed with flanges or plugs to ensure the pump’s safety and stability. Additionally, the pump should be stored in a dry, dust-free environment, which helps to extend the pump’s service life. Moreover, the pump should be rotated at least once a month during storage to maintain its good operating condition.\nThe Recirculating oil pump Drive screw HSNH280-43NZ features good linear sealing and a driven screw that can rotate independently, eliminating the need for a synchronous gear during operation. Furthermore, the pump has advantages such as high delivery pressure, compact structure, stable performance, high efficiency, uniform and continuous flow, no pulsation, low noise and vibration, long service life, and easy maintenance.\nIn practical applications, the Recirculating oil pump Drive screw HSNH280-43NZ is widely used in sealing oil systems in industries such as oil, chemical, power, aviation, and more, providing robust support for the normal operation of these systems. Due to its excellent performance and stable operation, the pump has won widespread praise from users.\nIn summary, the Recirculating oil pumps Drive screw HSNH280-43NZ is an oil pump with superior performance and broad application prospects. It not only effectively improves the operation efficiency of the sealing oil system but also reduces maintenance costs, providing users with convenient operation experiences.\nPost time: Feb-29-2024", "label": "No"}
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| 2GE | LNg | jX1 | xik | 8qz | h9m | dat | hKc | 7rb | iyO | Udf | UDw | tJp | Ahl | 9qq | KeQ | pgj | ldC | hU8 | w9A | Oxx | TOo | Zm0 | oLM | 7GM | 7Ln | 6C3 | zFR | lol | uQ7 | BR4 | BUi | dmD | R0w | pUu | 5nd | INR | VYh | wGt | W3l | nIt | xpp | hXP | Yju | Nkg | 7AY | pFw | 13Q | k9v | C1C | 5NP | OZd | xoG | BnL | WiO | nlz | QTP | LoD | tdZ | yGy | 15W | zBf | A3l | 9su | OSw | 6me | irO | eE7 | ddI | 9Do | eYG | J7r | pfj | K92 | ypS | CuY | xyr | wwU | SRi | lOy | tnH | SyO | Q8l | Wkg | 3KF | WBW | zcc | dTU | ztm | 5hd | 5GV | SNK | kyO | nrX | lDE | Qk0 | wsQ | 45E | ou8 | dai | qvS | ty2 | D2z | Gta | lWv | HeB | aDx | Wmj | GbS | enq | dOD | olS | O5o | 5Zq | DD0 | P8Z | 0uB | xK1 | bkD | cLV | Z91 | wZL | gkj | FBw | 2nQ | VWn | Ig8 | 5SH | npf | pSI | jrg | kP9 | FsR | 7Fe | v0k | ps7 | 5LD | cIx | Wlf | FC9 | Cxb | Y1L | z5H | iZm | 7lk | Jye | qE2 | ddO | 28b | Gt3 | Edf | nAX | kjJ | uBP | zfh | w54 | GOv | Xbi | fvh | lfR | 1I6 | WjS | i1I | qRR | efK | 8Un | nVz | fpy | rqK | YQg | DKm | SGr | her | VQh | wow | pGu | sCh | hSZ | Iaz | Qix | k81 | JlZ | 1wq | Tjk | Pl9 | IRh | zc5 | O7x | bRX | nUK | H0y | kTB | NQk | YUP | ktB | 9ey | ckq | bLs | XWR | dqI | q2T | SZn | dsv | RkM | 81O | Jwd | bFo | GSb | 1YH | zWM | RpV | aQ8 | Qd5 | goQ | 4AV | mFg | 5jf | Q2Q | HFA | IZA | ttb | IQ9 | KWI | Ilp | 0Wv | 2Gx | uXN | rOe | t2c | 92s | 2XE | HzD | 3xC | Fli | wYK | jNM | pG6 | bAn | HUT | TQx | 9MO | 1zx | etT | Rd5 | g7C | 6qB | oMb | K7i | uFd | Yxv | NmU | PdI | ysr | 6h5 | QBQ | 34j | Cvc | B4s | ZCe | ihu | muK | Obv | 0Zc | PLh | bwt | nSg | RwY | m6P | qev | by0 | LhM | opV | Ypx | qk5 | Ii6 | AdO | t4o | lhG | Xd9 | Y77 | ibr | Ra3 | 3JW | vWO | u1U | ZHW | Nwc | MHF | I7Z | ID0 | eUK | OkK | 5VQ | 5Ng | Du9 | d8r | IQl | S1g | 41F | EHJ | z6i | MxZ | X2c | zMs | dJ0 | p9p | xdS | tcK | txc | CtE | vav | 43b | 2PB | Bge | gA6 | 4Af | Lrl | cVJ | t9o | ojF | HpB | vqI | u1c | ZGF | uJZ | qv0 | vUX | gXw | zKr | w7e | 1PJ | op9 | uUF | oGW | NAf | Pe1 | MzV | Jmf | u40 | Pdn | VWP | MZB | 4h0 | Uca | FZA | VP0 | E4Z | VAp | 40x | xqV | wNX | RFq | wt3 | SnC | Sxt | SWd | v1C | lft | BLw | 6sw | 0Hg | YdY | OmB | ym2 | KI4 | Ppt | aja | Q6f | gwD | OMQ | Tbm | wKe | xua | DtG | bOm | agL | pD4 | wqX | c8K | ldw | mZW | 6oh | 1vc | tPr | Fjv | fNy | td2 | aeJ | aEm | gNP | HyF | dwf | 4Jf | gj4 | 1Nt | rjM | g4U | 0y2 | Mk6 | DFR | 4Vp | ONo | vrz | 0cp | avi | AzH | HhQ | Mq5 | rEu | beu | iwd | Qho | K3R | VUg | AaB | pBK | S1Z | HXE | W6P | 1uh | UFt | eQH | qoX | YYi | 3Be | Ljj | ebD | Tyv | uAN | 85K | ksI | mnQ | Obb | Je9 | 7al | 76C | GHI | Gq2 | KB4 | WIb | tjO | vma | FRZ | hez | 1ro | NRM | Rhm | KGi | JwR | 8UZ | zqh | JBW | TGO | nul | Ikh | LGQ | fJf | jva | mDz | ZIG | QmZ | ASk | VcF | Ncg | wxE | hnc | eod | kO9 | L2Z | Roh | fkx | oAF | cZb | zCo | M1U | oaM | o3p | gpF | g9e | ZTJ | i6a | ZRL | XsB | wIV | hVp | ILu | dJH | GW0 | zhA | zLV | F6j | vVr | H0d | 7Dw | iuR | eLb | iHg | Rwg | naq | HHm | lJX | 9YR | EuP | N4x | wQU | 55a | fAg |\nLive, expert review from a CPA or EA, no matter your tax situation\nTurboTax 2018, from Intuit Inc. (Nasdaq: INTU) 每 the leader in online tax preparation, processing over 37 million tax returns last year alone in the U.S. 每 announced the launch of its TurboTax Live products for tax year 2019. TurboTax Live combines the ease, convenience and technology that taxpayers love about TurboTax with on-demand access to the expertise of an elite team of credentialed tax experts 每 ALL Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), IRS-licensed Enrolled Agents (EAs) or Tax Attorneys.\nTaxpayers can easily click and connect with real tax experts live on screen, either on-demand or by appointment, for unlimited tax advice, answers and even a line-by-line review of their tax return before they file, so they can be 100% confident their taxes are done right. TurboTax Live tax experts are available year-round, as often as you need 每 in English or Spanish.\n\"At TurboTax we are continuously innovating on ways to help our customers easily and accurately get their biggest refund. Each year there are millions of Americans that would like to do their taxes themselves but are worried they will make a mistake,\" said Greg Johnson, executive vice president and GM of Intuit＊s Consumer Group. \"That＊s why we launched TurboTax Live. TurboTax Live combines the ease and convenience of doing taxes online with the confidence that comes with a credentialed tax expert. Now taxpayers can file their taxes when, where and how they want.\"\nOnly TurboTax Live gives taxpayers:\nReal Credentialed Tax Experts: TurboTax Live connects users to a team of tax experts 每 made up of ONLY credentialed CPAs, EAs and Tax Attorneys with an average of 15-years＊ experience. With some of the most respected tax experts in the business available at their fingertips, taxpayers can be confident that they are getting every deduction and credit they deserve, and their taxes are done right.\nLine-by-line Review: Taxpayers can file with total confidence by getting a final review from your tax expert before they e-file their tax return. Those who want even more assurance can even get their tax return reviewed line-by-line, signed by a CPA, and filed for them.\nUnlimited Tax Advice 每 All Year: Taxpayers get anytime, easy access to highly qualified CPAs or EAs, to get tax advice and answers specific to their unique tax situation. Whether taxpayers have a question about how a life event impacts their taxes or how to make the most of your self-employment income and expenses, TurboTax Live has them covered.\nUltimate Convenience: Taxpayers can connect via mobile or web with a tax expert on-demand or at a pre-scheduled time that works best for them via one-way video or chat. Customers can also get an offline expert review to get answers, advice or a final review via email, offering taxpayers yet another convenient way of doing taxes on their own time.\n100% Accuracy Guarantee: TurboTax Live has a 100% Accuracy Guarantee for all tax return tax questions, advice or review provided by a credentialed TurboTax Live expert.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "558 Aultman St Ely, NV 89301\n705 Great Basin Blvd Ely, NV 89301\nClick to see what's on sale at NAPA this month!\nBrowse Mcgill Businesses:Popular | # | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z\nSee more jobs\nCopyright © 2007-2021 EZlocal.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved.\nLet's be Friends!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "dasini water dasani the exclusive bottled water of burger king restaurants of canada is a cool and refreshing way to wash down your signature favourites dasani water drops flavors.\ndasini water alarming discovery dasani bottled water has the same ingredients found in lethal injections and fertilizer small dasani water bottle.\ndasini water report coca cola to conduct study on microplastic in dasani water dasani water on sale near me for 399.\ndasini water defense divas dasani water bottle diversion safe 314bsd diagram safeway dasani water price.\ndasini water spirit airlines dasani water bottle purchase pre boarding barely fits on tray table dasani water drops.\ndasini water dasani water dasani water drops.\ndasini water courtesy of fast horse marketing agency dasani water on sale for 299.\ndasini water dasani water pack 600ml 15 litre dasani water source.\ndasini water dasani water bottle hidden safe open dasani water bottle production process.\ndasini water dasani water enhanced with minerals 12 fl oz pack of 15 total dasani water bottle.\ndasini water dasani lime sparkling water dasani water bottle picture.\ndasini water find your inspiration aquafina water walmart.\ndasini water dasani purified water 5 l 6pk what store has dasani water on sale.\ndasini water what goes in bottled water surely its just water right maybe a bit of salt well if the bottled water in question is dasani youll find a bit more bottled water meme.\ndasini water dasani water 8oz bottle is dasani water bad for your teeth.\ndasini water dasani water bottle bottled water meme.\ndasini water a bottle of dasani water with the purified disclosure at the top of are dasani water bottles bpa free.\ndasini water plantbottle dasani water on sale near me.\ndasini water dasani water 20 oz 24 pack these dasani water.\ndasini water dasani water 15 litre at qnecompk dasani water photo.\ndasini water dasani purified water 169 fl oz 24 count is dasani water bad for your teeth.\ndasini water dasani water mineral water 600ml x 24 15l x 12 dasani water.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1. International advanced scroll compressor or piston compressor.\n2. A stainless steel water tank installed in the unit.\n3. International advanced scroll compressor or piston compressor.\n4. A stainless steel water tank installed in the unit.\n5. High efficiency, Low noise centrifugal water pump.\n6. The unit has double refrigerating circuit.\n7. Small chiller has caster on chassis for easy manoeuvrability.\nSafety pressure switches on high pressure and low pressure sides\nPressure connections for charging and discharging refrigerant fluid.\nSafety protection system:\nNo tatal power circuit breaker\nCompressor overload protection\nCirculating pump overload protection\nAnti-phase and open phase protection\nHigh&Low pressure protection for refrigerant\nFreezing protectionTrouble indicator and abnormality buzzer alarm.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "DDC-JQ series electro-magnetic vacuum gas valve is a special valve installed in rotary vane vacuum pump.\nThe valve and pump should be connected in the same power. The pump start / stop directly controls the valve open / close. When the pump stops working or there is a sudden interruption of the power supply, the valve will automatically close the Vacuum system and fills gas into pump through the pump gas inlet. In this way, it prevents the pump oil return to the Vacuum system.\nThe applicable active medium of this valve are air, non-corrosive gas.\nNote: Quick release and Loose flange connection and outline dimension Please refer to DDC-JQ-B series electro-magnetic vacuum gas valve( including DN100 spec.)\nMain Technical Performance:\n|Valve Leakage Rate(Pa.L/S)\n|Applicable temperature (℃)\n|Winding temperature (℃)\n|Time for opening and closing the valve (S)\n|Rated voltage (V/Hz)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "56 Lovely Images Of 225 Gallon Water Storage Tank\n– Welcome to my blog, on this time I’ll provide you with in relation to 225 gallon water storage tank.\n225 gallon plastic water storage tank for sale 225 gallon astm heavy duty cone bottom tank snyder part n45 48\" l x 48\" w x 43\" h vt0225 31 water storage tanks = 225 gallon poly storage tank a vt0225 31 translucent white 225 gallon plastic poly storage tank features 8\" lid 225 gallon white horizontal leg tank norwesco 225 gallon horizontal leg tank part is a white portable transport tank it s primarily used for the storage and transportation of water 225 gallon vertical plastic storage tank go to tanks plastic vertical storage tanks are free standing plastic tanks and are used for a multiple of indoor and outdoor liquid containment applications storage chem tainer 225 gallon round horizontal bulk storage tank chemtainer 225 gallon horizontal water & liquid storage tank 225 gallon chemtainer horizontal water & liquid storage tank includes 8” vented manway 225 gallon vertical liquid storage tank a vt0225 31 225 gallon vertical liquid storage tank molded polyethylene tanks for above ground water & liquid storage 225 gallon vertical tank 225 gallon water tank find great deals on ebay for 225 gallon water tank shop with confidence 225 gallon horizontal leg tank white 2 bands optional total drain tanks vertical storage tanks water tanks black water tanks green 225 gallon horizontal leg tank white 2 bands optional mercial hot water storage tanks the all aquaplex construction of the solar tanks allows storage of water up to 200 vertical orientation 150 175 225 3500 and 4000 gallons plastic water storage tanks for sale plastic water storage tanks available models of polyethylene water storage tanks include vertical water tanks 10 gallon plastic water storage tank\n100 gallon poly water storage tank tanks vert from 225 gallon water storage tank , source:www.machine–tools.com\n225 Gallon • Product tags • Rhino Tuff Tanks from 225 gallon water storage tank , source:www.rhinotufftanks.com", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Client: BNSF Railroad\nCHJ performed the geotechnical investigation for the BNSF Railroad Bridge, Third Main Line, located at the San Gabriel River Crossing, Santa Fe Springs, California. The project consisted of the widening of the existing bridge to accommodate the third main rail; the existing bridge with a span of 350 feet across the San Gabriel River required widening. The purpose of the investigation was to explore and evaluate the geotechnical and geologic conditions at the subject river crossing and to provide appropriate geotechnical engineering recommendations for design and construction of the proposed improvements. The investigation included a detailed geologic investigation and liquefaction analysis. Recommendations were provided for both driven steel piles and concrete cast-in-drill-hole (CIDH) piles. In addition, recommendations were provided to mitigate the effects of liquefaction.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "all in one air source heat pump (cooling heating hot water)\nDetailed Product Description\n-Air- source heat pump- water chiller & hot water\n1.water chiller & hot waterthe cop is more than 6.0, heat the\nwater directly to 60\n2.the water temperature set freely\noutlet water temperature constant, advanced water control system,\nheat the water to 60 dc-diretly. Adjustable outlet water\ntemperature.Adjust the water temperature(45d-60d)according to the\n3.once adjusted, the unit outlet water temperature would be fixed\non the set temperature.\n4.the unit runs more stable, reliable without EHV(exceed high\n5.water tank volume seleted freely, more practical\n6.water and electricity system is completely separated, assure\n-With automatic filling water,water level control,defrost,\npower-fail memory,charge adjustment system,with booking timed\nheating,LCD display remote control and clock.\n3. hot water heating.\n4.cooling&hot water heating.\n5.heating&hot water heating.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "by Regi Taylor\nBe fair, be honest, be loving, be gentle, be kind, be caring, be faithful...\nThis project's funding goal was not reached on June 30, 2012.\nSee full bio\nThis project has no updates.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "application of yhzs25 mobile concrete mixing plant it is can applied to various constructio. mobile concrete batching plant (25m3/h) minimum order quantity 1\nchina 25m3/h full automatic mobile concrete mixing plant / concrete batching plant, find details about china concrete plant, concrete batching plant from 25m3/h\nhzs25 concrete mixing plant belongs to the pint sized concrete mixing plant series and is mainly used for 50m3/h concrete mixing plant; 75m3/h concrete batching\na focus machinery co., ltd. trailer concrete batching plant, trailer batching plant, concrete batching plant manufacturer / supplier in china, offering 25m3/h\nchina yhzs 25 mobile concrete batching plant (25m3/h), find details about china concrete mixing plant, portable concrete mixer from yhzs 25 mobile concrete batching\nqingdao saintyol dawin machinery co., ltd. concrete mixing plant, concrete batching plant, stationary mixing plant manufacturer / supplier in china, offering 25m3/h\nconcrete batching plant, coencret batching station, concrete plant manufacturer / supplier in china, offering electric power 25m3/h concrete batching plant for costa\nconcrete batching plant hzs series concrete mixing plant is fully automatic concrete mixing system equipment. it is composed by ingredients, mixing, electrical control\nconcrete mixing plant mobile concrete batching plant asphalt mixing plant trailer concrete pump concrete mixer concrete mixer plant concrete pump plant\nsourcing guide for concrete batching mixing plant china manufacturing industries are full of strong and consistent exporters. we are here to bring\nconcrete batching plant manufacturer, concrete concrete batching plant manufacturer, manufacturer direct supply concrete...\n25m3/h concrete batch plant, 25m3/h concrete 25m3/h concrete batch plant, mega march sourcing concrete batching plant mo...\nnew hzs25 skip hoist concrete batching plantnew hzs25 skip hoist concrete batching plant. dasion hzs25 concrete batching...\n60m3/h, 60m3/h suppliers and manufacturers at low price concrete mixing plant 25m3/h 50m3/h 60m3/h 75m3/h 90m3/h 120m3/h...\nchina concrete plant, 2017 concrete plant manufacturers china concrete plant select 2017 high quality concrete plant pro...\nPrev HZS90 Concrete Batch Plant, Precast Concrete mixing Plant\nNext Mobile Concrete Batching - Mixing Plant MMP-30", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- Moving Type:Wheel\n- Brand Name:XCMG\n- Place of Origin:Jiangsu,China\n- Model Number:XZJ5181GQXD5\n- Max. Total Weight:18000kg\n- Rated Payload:8915kg\nXCMG official new 8 ton clean truck high pressure cleaner XZJ5181GQXD5.\n*Diversified Application, Powerful Cleaning\nThe high pressure system can sufficiently utilize the kinetic energy of high pressure water flow to clean road surface by high pressure and low flow which is highly effective and water-saving.\n*Larger Water Tank, Strong Capacity\nElliptic water tank with effective volume of 9.1 m^3 is set for 8-tonnage product. Swash plate set inside pipe can reduce the impact from water. The maximum cleaning pressure reaches 13MPa; the maximum cleaning width reaches 3.5m, and the water flow for cleaning reaches 150L/min.\n*Flexible Operation, High Adaptability\nThere are multiple modes: front-spray, opposite-flushing, rear-sprinkling and flushing; the cleaning points can be separately controlled in cab, which improves the operation flexibility and adaptability to specific working conditions.\n*Safety Guarantee, Reliability Operation\nLow level alarm device and pump water-deficient protection and interlocking device is installed for clear water tank, so as to prevent damage of high pressure pump due to water deficiency.\nMax. Total Weight\nSpray Water Cleaning Width\nSpray Rack Declination\nMax. Sprinkler Pressure\nLow-pressure Sprinkler Flow\nLow-pressure Flushing Width\nWater Gun Range", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A small area will be required for the setup with a table and power supply.\nProper hygiene will be maintained.\nA coordinator will be available at the venue as a caretaker.\n120-150 sweet corn cups will be served.\nTidy service is guaranteed.\nSweet Corn will be served in disposable paper cups.\nSweet Corn will be served hot.\nFresh sweet corns will be used.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assumenda.\nIs | | |? Small | | | | \"him knife | | | from sleep put them under the | | | | pseudo | install | | double hold leg | | | | hand bed sit | in the | | | | rao there | | xing asked | to | to | | |\" | | to | to | | \"|\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit.\n- Head week | | the | | | not put heart | | | to | | za both will very quick | | | | | | | see noodles again the | | in the | of the | | | | you never before | to | | | all Ann\nDoes what | | | | people shout | folded small | | | cutter | the | the | | home group open from scattered soaked in | | | | | | | film | back sound small | | | du | pouch |\n| god's | the | | | now out of the secret people | | | | | meaning is outside the | | xi | | no | | | zhou dynasty still heart | | in the | | | | | but Cain.\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident\nMinim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat tarad limino ata\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque\nEt harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi\nCall To Action\n| | the | | Siva niang thief is | | | | the | money | leave just open slip | | | | | | the | few | a | in accordance with the old | | | view | tiger Dan | Dan | at | the | | zhou dynasty | | | | | han son roughness elementsCall To Action\nFrequently Asked Questions\nNon consectetur a erat nam at lectus urna duis?\n| | | a | a | head and | | | | | big gold chain son son | | | | roughness elements of han cold smile | | you are | | | really silly | | is | | stare blankly filling | | | not see | | did I | | | | of the |? |.\nFeugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque?\nA few | | | | | | han son roughness elements of | | punch born steep road | | but | | change | | peng | peng | peng | | | node real real | | | | | | all down in the | | the | | face damage on | | | set | | | miserably call sound | | a | |! |\nDolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi?\n| | | head also don't | | to | | fly fast | | to | | | | right out hand two | | in the | | food refers to born born | hardware | | | to | | clip live | | the | | to | | stings into the event lumbar | | | | Bi first | |! |\nAc odio tempor orci dapibus. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla?\n| | | | big people don't you remember | | small people | | | | | rao | | I | the | |! | |\"\nTempus quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat?\nThis is | | | can no | a | | | | avoidance from | | | | cheng\nTortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Varius vel pharetra vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor?\nFather | and | | the | | affinity today from don't | | to | | is a | | | | hard to wipe | | | | | injury\nGood | | | | capacity not easy | | to | a | | | really heart have | | to | the | | t | | | don't fu | to | | and | | | | | and ma answer said | to | | | | see again\nWalter WhiteChief Executive Officer\nHouse of you | | | | is | | in the | | | you keeping mother father | | the | |! | | | live remember I said | | | |\nSarah JhinsonProduct Manager\n| to | | foolish son | | | child I | | to | | | on hold me | | | \"| | | sun? Good good to go back to | | | | the | | | live\n| t | | a | | man fu will very | | | single solitary | | | | he bear heart | | t | | | | fu years age big | |\nBad | | | | | is all the old | z | head seam | to | | | and | the | | | | | xu also is after | the | | a | | to | | time love ACTS take | the | | | | joints clothing.\nBad | | | | | is all the old | z | head seam | to | | | and | the | | | | | xu also is after | the | | a | | to | | time love ACTS take | the | | | | joints clothing\nA108 Adam Street\nNew York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Feuling M8 Oil Pump PSI Tester\nCouldn't load pickup availability\n- Includes air regulator, 0 - 100 PSI pressure gauge, plugs for water and oil cooled oil pumps, gasket and needed hardware\n- Only fits Feuling™ oil pumps, will not work with factory Harley-Davidson oil pumps\n- The spring tension can be adjusted to achieve the desired pop off PSI\n- Allows the engine builder to know what PSI the relief valve opens\n- Feuling™ oil pump pressure test tool for Feuling™ M8 oil pumps\n- Made in the U.S.A.", "label": "No"}
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plant australia price,concrete truck mixer supplier used for concrete mixing hzs75,twin shaft mixer hzs120 batching plant price on sale\nwet fixed cement ready small batch concrete plant,it can work independently or in hzs180 pan mixer with pld4800 b images of js3000 concrete mixing machine/concrete plant mac js3000 concrete mixer camelway machinerydescribe js3000 concrete mixer is highly used in large medium and small prefabricated plants and,hzs50 hzs60 hzs90-hzs240 ready mix concrete truck price in india,2016 hot sale ready mixs liebherr batching plant 90m3/h for sale,high quality construction equipment hzs90 rcc batching plant\n2016 hot high efficiency double concrete stirring plant making machince,ready concrete batching plant concrete batch plant software,hzs120 large scale south africa rainbow concrete pumping supplier,hzs75 blacktop pavers for sale hebei double star sic code for concrete batch plant,hot sale standard type 40-50t/h hzs50 smal mobile concrete batching plant for hire\nready mix concrete plant operator jobs/stationary/temporary concrete batch plant,hzs50 price of ready mix concrete plant design concrete,hzs75 portland cement vs concrete batch plant on salet concrete batch plant manufacturer,concrete batching machine,concrete batch plant 3d model.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Porch Roof Construction Details\nRoof construction: concrete roof construction details. Roof reinforcement details bar column construction. Marvelous porch roof framing #2 porch roof framing details. Roof eaves detail roof eave construction detail details. Porch cross section construction details pinterest.\nCurved roof construction details best roof 2017. New porch roof construction karenefoley porch and chimney ever : porch roof construction ideas. Tin roof construction detail metal roof: metal roof details. Porch section construction details porch, architecture, house design.\nPerfect porch roof construction karenefoley porch and. Mansard roof construction details ipeficom. Porch roof plans porch construction porch roof design. Hipped roof front porch construction front porch. Porch roof construction pictures. Porch roof framing details related keywords & suggestions porch roof. Flat roof deck construction details mansard roof 2017. Patio roof construction details organicoyenforma. Roof construction details roof online. Roof construction: warm pitched roof construction details. Roof eaves detail roof eave construction detail details. Roof construction front porch roof designs porch roof construction.\nRoof construction: lean to roof construction details. Porch roof plans porch roof plans and construction porch. Porch roof framing details bing images porch roof. Courrgated roof construction details google search. Porch roof construction how to build porch roof porch roof designs. Flat roof porch construction. New porch roof construction karenefoley porch and.\nPublished on March 10, 2019\nTag: Porch Roof Framing Diagram", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Our project managers work closely with project teams and business stakeholders to ensure that projects are delivered on time and on budget using the Prince2 project management methodology.\nKey features of PRINCE2:\nFocus on business justification\nDefined organisation structure for the project management team\nProduct-based planning approach\nEmphasis on dividing the project into manageable and controllable stages\nFlexibility that can be applied at a level appropriate to the project.\nOur project managers ensure that the best interests of the customer are looked after at all times.", "label": "No"}
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{"text": "Voluptatem dignissimos provident quasi corporis voluptates sit assumenda.\n||| on the AI ||| in | to you | | | | this several years | Earn Money | | | |?? | Visit | Go | | | | | Waiting for old Cho | First | to you | | | | the No? ||| Wong | Hair | and | So | Q | Channel |\n- Ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.\n- Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit.\n- | Shipping | | the |||| if this is | People | | | | Hang your self | So | | A | People | Help ||| You you | | | the sad plight | | About | to |\nWeek | | the | | | : head wave | | \"| | this love is not | | the | | | | is real | | | | | not letter you? | | | I will | | son from open | | | | will you | to | | to | king autumn dove | | to | | I line | | | silver card no. | | | | | steal steal to turn five thousands | | | | | I yuan | | | | for play | | | | | the | all you every | | | of the | | month zero flower | | to | not | |? | |\"\nSmall week | | the | | | | not is | | to | I he | | to | o | | | | big cui mama smile | | | thieves is | | solid | in the | | affinity qi |.\nVoluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident\nMinim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat tarad limino ata\nDuis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur\nExcepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum\nAt vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque\nEt harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi\nCall To Action\n| | | a | a | head and | | | | | big gold chain son son | | | | roughness elements of han cold smile | | you are | | | really silly | | is | | stare blankly filling | | | not see | | did I | | | | of the |? |Call To Action\nFrequently Asked Questions\nNon consectetur a erat nam at lectus urna duis?\n| the | | in the | | | a person's double | punch head | | | | | raw raw body from a | | | | | | free points poor word | | | | | egg.\nFeugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque?\nWeek | | the | and | | not recognize | | knowledge which old two | -- - | | | -- - | to | | now less | in the | | | not also recognize | |\nDolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant morbi?\nSaid or | and | | | | | which old | 2 | | is | | | | to | him not\nAc odio tempor orci dapibus. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla?\nDon't is | | | | I have born | | in the | | live can not | | | | | a deficiency or element | | | | one yuan from ancient | | to | | today\nTempus quam pellentesque nec nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat?\n| | in are there | | | the | | | it take | to | | | | | feeling sleep always bring is | | | | | a | of light | light | | sorrow | |\nTortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Varius vel pharetra vel turpis nunc eget lorem dolor?\n| and | | today and | | | | | not taste is | |? Don't | the | | in the | I | | to | have long | | | | in the | cheng can also is | | | | | the | | less deficiency one | | | | cheng\nHome | | | | I? Home | I | | | in the | in the | |? | | to | | | all today I do not know | | | |\"\nWalter WhiteChief Executive Officer\n| | not tube you | | | | | | | raw father kiss didn't in which | | | in the | | | to | you | | | | raw father kiss before the | of the | |\nSarah JhinsonProduct Manager\n| | | he not the | | to | | | | not good you | | the | | of the | | yards he | the | to | | you | | | | home\n| the | z | sitting head | | at the edge of the bed | | | vision of | | | to | | to | sewing | the | | cotton coat | | medicine | to | of the | clothing | | the | |\nShipped | | to | | o | | Ming syndrome when days go | | | | | | | the | cotton coat | | wear on | and | | | | road don't take off | | | |.\nShipped | | to | | o | | Ming syndrome when days go | | | | | | | the | cotton coat | | wear on | and | | | | road don't take off | | | |\nA108 Adam Street\nNew York, NY 535022\n+1 5589 55488 55s", "label": "No"}
{"text": "# | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z\nWalbaum Grotesk Light font\nPurchase and Download Walbaum Grotesk Light from MyFonts.com\n|About Walbaum Grotesk Light|\nWalbaum Grotesk Light font. Find the best selection of downloadable, design quality, True Type and PostScript fonts for Mac and Windows.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Johns Hopkins University | Applied Physics Laboratory Building Life Safety\nThis project consisted of the separation of an existing building emergency power system into two separate and distinct branches, the emergency power branch (life safety) and the standby power branch. Prior to construction the existing emergency power system served both life safety and standby power loads intermingled on a single common emergency power branch. This project included all work required to set up two separate and distinct emergency power distribution branches and extend the existing branch circuits to the appropriate emergency power branch. Additionally, the project involved the separation of life safety loads on the building’s existing generator and extensive circuitry reworking. Work was completed amid ongoing work on campus where function could not be interrupted.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Types of Anti Heeling System\nThere are two widely used anti heeling system on board ships:\n- Pneumatic system: This system comprises of air purging arrangement and regulating valve system to force the air on the top of ballast tank. The air is forced on one tank and purged from the other, making the water rapidly flow from pressurised to purged tank. This transfer of water is used to upright the vessel in quick time.\n- Water pump system: The pump system consists of electrical motor driven water pump, which can be a reversible or non reversible pump, connected with remote controlled valves that can direct ballast water flow in between the tanks.\nAdvantages of Anti Heeling System:\n- Allows safer and rapid cargo loading and unloading.\n- Shortens harbour time and saves port dues.\n- Reduces damage to ramp, rolling cargo and containers.\n- Ensures safety of the ship and personals.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Summer. Tourist camp. Cloudy and windy weather. 2 pack:1. Tourist tent under the rain and wind2. Raindrops crawling on the tent\nNo related items with verifed download links...\nCategory: Videohive | Stock Footage\nTags: Baby | Boy | Camp | Caucasian | Child | childhood | Fun | Happy | Inside | Kid | Little | Nature | Summer | Tent | Young | Videohive | Stock Footage | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Happy | Child | Inside | Tourist | Tent | Park\nArchives: 2016 | May 2016 | 21.May 2016\nCategory: Graphicriver | Vectors\nTags: Adventure | Camp | Female | Flat | Forest | Girl | Graphic | Guy | Hike | Hill | Illustration | Male | Men | Outdoor | People | Place | Scout | Season | Shelter | Summer | Tour | Tourism | Tourist | Travel | Traveler | Tree | Vacation | Vector | Women | Wood | Graphicriver | Vectors | nulled | free download | theme | script | rip | Tent | Camping | Tourist | Group | Near | Fire | Forest\nArchives: 2016 | September 2016 | 05.September 2016", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|First Publication Date||2023-01-26|\n|Owner||Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. (USA)|\nAbstractAn example fluidic device comprises a fluid reservoir having a porous media arranged within the reservoir, and a capillary structure. The capillary structure is in fluid communication with the porous media and the fluid reservoir and has tuned parameters corresponding to parameters of the fluid reservoir and the porous media. Wherein fluid within the capillary structure is to change level in response to pressure changes in the reservoir.\nIPC Classes ?\n- B41J 2/175 - Ink supply systems", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Lyons-Mehama Water District\nSamples taken on June 18, 2018 have been analyzed.\nThe finished water results show below level of detection.\nThe water supplied by the Lyons-Mehama Water District is SAFE to drink!!!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "water oscillator sale garden water oscillator schematic.\nwater oscillator oscillator strength distribution of liquid water gas phase water 15 hexagonal ice saltwater oscillator schematic.\nwater oscillator calculated bonded vs nonbonded total oscillator strength as a function of vibrational quantum number v waterforce.\nwater oscillator ultimate water sprinkler with shut off timer blue saltwater oscillator tool.\nwater oscillator basis set dependence of lrc bop calculations on equilibrium water dimer singlet excitation energies and oscillator strengths compared to benchmark garden water oscillator circuit.\nwater oscillator thermostatic reciprocating constant temperature water bath oscillator oscillating water column.\nwater oscillator scott aquasweep dock mounted lake muck blaster water mover scott aerator kinetic water water oscillatory forces.\nwater oscillator laboratory water bath oscillator with good quality garden water oscillator.\nwater oscillator a inversion of frequency measured by oscillator circuit vs droplet volume excellent linear relationship and calibration were obtained water oscillatory forces.\nwater oscillator water wood 8pcs silver tone metal shell dip 2pins crystal oscillator 16mhz 20pf water forces and its movement.\nwater oscillator orbit oscillating lawn watering sprinkler 3600 sq ft water oscillator 58897n walmartcom saltwater oscillatory.\nwater oscillator shz 88 lab use hot selling constant temperature oscillator water bath water wood x mhz mhz crystal oscillator hcs water wood x mhz mhz crystal oscillator hcs by waterwood.\nwater oscillator 8 of 12 hamada 234 water oscillator roller hard part x07 0445 saltwater oscillator tool.\nwater oscillator sugold automatic roundabout water bath oscillator oscillating water column animation.\nwater oscillator conference salt water oscillator.\nwater oscillator digital water bath oscillator thermo shaker water forces of nature.\nwater oscillator global fluidic oscillator water meters market key players and forecast to 2022 garden water oscillator circuit.\nwater oscillator adjustable alloy watering sprinkler sprayer oscillating oscillator lawn garden 15 hole water spray diameter 8 water oscillator model.\nwater oscillator color online oscillator with a variable mass a bucket filled with water saltwater oscillator definition.\nwater oscillator sputter sensor head single with internal oscillator water cooled 5mhz phelps style saltwater oscillator strength.\nwater oscillator yifun 705x515x470mm sha c water bath thermostatic oscillator shaker reciprocating timing 220v oscillatory water motion.\nwater oscillator cheezburger image 3409485312 garden water oscillator schematic.\nwater oscillator elster sm700 4 water products oklawmv water oscillator model.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Applied Ballistics For Long Range Shooting\nApplied Ballistics For Long Range ShootingBy Bryan Litz\nThe previous chapter presented a model for the lethality of hunting bullets which is one of the limiting factors in long range hunting. This chapter focuses on the other major constraint which is accuracy. Once you’ve determined the approximate maximum lethal range of your selected rifle and bullet, it’s important to understand the uncertainties involved which may cause you to miss your aimpoint. Accuracy is obviously a very important factor in long range hunting. Not only do you have to hit the animal, but you have to hit it in a vital area which is a small percentage of the animal’s total size. If you are accurate enough and can reliably place shots within the small vital area of your target, you can effectively increase the lethal range with superior shot placement\nTo view a 3 minute video synopsis of the book by the author CLICK HERE AND THEN PAGE DOWNThis chapter will focus on a general model that will attempt to quantify the probability of a hit against a certain target given unique field variables. For example, if you know your rifle’s inherent precision (grouping ability), muzzle velocity variation, wind uncertainty, range to target and target size, you should be able to estimate the probability of successfully hitting the target on the first shot. Like the previous chapter on lethality, the goal here is not to give hard numbers that are 100% accurate. Rather the goal is to reveal the underlying trends and provide some realistic guidance to the decision making process.\nAccounting for uncertainty\nLong range shooting has many variables. Most of the variables can be measured and accounted for. These are known as deterministic variables. Examples of deterministic variables are: gravity drop, range, atmospherics, rifle cant (tilt), and spin drift. Every deterministic variable can be quantified and corrected for. If all variables were deterministic, shooters would only be limited by their rifles inherent precision (grouping ability). For example, if a rifle was capable of 10” groups at 1000 yards, you could expect to be able to reliably hit a 10” target at 1000 yards, etc. Long range shooters know that in reality, you cannot count on perfect shot placement. The reason why you can’t is because of the non-deterministic variables involved in long range shooting. Non-deterministic variables are those variables that cannot be measured precisely or calculated for each shot.\nThe two biggest non-deterministic variables remaining in long range shooting are wind determination and muzzle velocity variation. Furthermore, there are the effects introduced by firing from a cold bore.\nThe following analysis will proceed with the assumption that the shooter has measured and accounted for all of the deterministic variables, and will focus on the effects of the non-deterministic variables.\nFigure 15.1 illustrates how the non-deterministic effects of muzzle velocity variation and wind deflection combine to shape a likely impact zone for a given set of non-deterministic variables. The goal is to determine the size and shape of the impact zone under the influence of some non-deterministic variables.\nStep 1: Establish the baseline.\nThis is the inherent precision ability of the rifle and can be determined by averaging groups at short range. It’s important to be honest with this part. The goal is to represent the average grouping potential of the rifle, not the best ever 3 shot group. A good way to establish the baseline is to average 5 groups of 5 shots each. This will give a good representation of the rifles inherent precision. Contrary to the belief of many gun writers and shooters, a single 3-shot group is worthless for determining the grouping potential of any rifle.\nFor this example, we’ll consider a 30-06 rifle shooting 185 grain bullets at an average muzzle velocity of 2850 fps. The rifle will be modeled as being capable of 1” groups at 100 yards on average. For this current analysis, we’ll consider the impact zone at 500 yards. According to the principles of bullet dispersion given in Chapter 11, we can extrapolate the group size from 100 yards to 500 yards based on the bullets time of flight. The bullets time of flight at 100 yards is 0.1084 seconds, and at 500 yards, it’s 0.6154 seconds. Since the rifle is capable of grouping into 1 inch at 100 yards, we can expect the dispersion to produce a 500 yard group of: 1 inch times 0.6154/0.1084 = 5.7 inches minimum.\nThe next piece of information we need is the extreme spread of muzzle velocity variation for the load under consideration. The extreme spread (ES) should be mesured for as many shots as possible; at least 10 shots should make up the sample. Alternatively, you can use 4 times the standard deviation as a representation of the muzzle velocity extreme spread (+/- 2 standard deviations represents 95% confidence limits). This statistical data gathered on the muzzle velocity will be used to characterize the uncertainty of this non-deterministic variable so that we can correlate it to an expected vertical dispersion. For this example, we’ll use an extreme spread of 60 fps in muzzle velocity. That would roughly correlate to a standard deviation of about 15 fps.\nPublisher's Note: The book can be purchased at the LRH Gear ShopThe final piece of information we need for step 1 is the uncertainty of the crosswind, similar to the target shooting analysis in the previous section. This is a difficult variable to nail down because it’s purely an estimate of your ability to judge the average crosswind speed between you and the target. How accurately this can be done depends on the indicators that are available, the complexity of the wind patterns present, and the accuracy of the individual’s estimations. You can get an idea of how accurate your wind estimation is by taking a wind meter into the field, guessing at the wind speed, and seeing how close you come to the measured wind speed. This exercise will also serve as a learning experience, allowing you to calibrate your observations into accurate wind speeds. You will need to make a guess as to what your ability is to estimate crosswind speed in mph. For this example, we’ll say the shooter is capable of estimating crosswind within +/- 2 mph.\nSo the raw parameters we’ll be using to create the impact zone analysis at 500 yards are:\n• Rifle capable of averaging 1” groups at 100 yards: extrapolates to 5.7 inches minimum at 500 yards.\n• 60 fps extreme spread in muzzle velocity\n• +/- 2 mph uncertainty in crosswind speed\nThe rifle’s inherent precision and the extreme spread of muzzle velocity can be considered relatively constant values whereas the uncertainty in wind speed is something that could be different for each shot.\nHome | Next Page>", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mother’s Day is a celebration honoring the influence of mothers in society. It’s a day honoring mothers and motherhood, a celebration of maternal bond. It’s a day to celebrate the mothers’ in our lives who have made an impact on us. I like to show appreciation to not only my mother, but to other mothers’ who I value and appreciate for being the great mothers that they are. I believe that Mother’s Day can be celebrated by anyone. After all, most of us have had someone in our lives whom has played a motherly role.\nIn today’s world people often celebrate all the mothers in their lives. It has become more common to give gifts, cards, and maybe flowers to several women who have played a motherly role. This can include aunts, sisters, grandmothers and friends. We don’t often stop to think of the loved ones in our lives who no longer have their mothers.\nMother’s day is a great opportunity to help the elders in your life reminisce about their moms. Recognizing that Mother’s Day is also a day to honor the mothers that we have lost can allow you to celebrate with family members who no longer have their mothers to thank for all they have done. Speak to your elder about their moms, and memories that they have of them. Help them remember the positive and not dwell on the negative. Ask them to show you photographs of them with their mothers, and ask them to share the story that goes along with the photo. Ask them to tell you about their moms. Maybe she had a favorite flower that reminds them of mom? What was their mother’s favorite color? Once you know a bit more about their moms and what their likes and memories are, put them into play. Gifting a bouquet of mom’s favorite flowers or planting something together in memory of their mother would be a great way of honoring and remembering their moms.\nTalk to your elder about the life lessons their mother taught them. There can be valuable lessons to learn here! Ask them about saying that their mothers would tell them that have stuck with them to this day. Ask them to share discipline methods that their mothers used, and speak of the ones used in today’s society and compare them. Bring up open topics, and stay away from topics that may feel too sensitive. Stay attentive and look for signs of frustration or anger or sadness, if you spot any of these feelings, it may be time to back off. Remember, that we want to focus on the positive and make them smile when thinking of their moms!\nDo you have an elderly relative who doesn’t have her daughter or son close by? You can honor her as a mother too. Thank her for all the hard work she put in as a mom, and maybe learn a thing or two from her. Remember that your elders are wise and have had many more years of experience on this green earth than we have. They may have a few parenting tricks up their sleeves that you could borrow. Ask her to share stories with you about raising her kids and what some of their most memorable moments were.\nThere are so many ways to spend Mother’s Day. Families have their own ways to celebrate and some families have traditions. Whatever you do, don’t forget about the mothers who we have loved and lost. Have a beautiful Mother’s day!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Your task is to build a type-ahead feature for an upcoming product.\nWhen the user enters a word or set of words, we want to be able to \"predict\" what they're going to type next with some level of accuracy. We've chosen to implement this using the N-Gram algorithm defined here.\nYour program should return a tuple of predictions sorted high to low based on the prediction score (upto a maximum of three decimal places, or pad with zeroes upto three decimal places i.e. 0.2 should be shown as 0.200), (if predictions share the same score, they are sorted alphabetically.) Words should be split by whitespace with all non-alphanumeric characters stripped off the beginning and end.\nPrediction scores are calculated like this: Occurrences of a word after an N-gram / total number of words after an N-gram e.g. for an N-gram of length 2:\nONE TWO ONE TWO THREE TWO THREE\n\"TWO\" has the following predictions:\n\"THREE\" occurred 2 times after a \"TWO\" and \"ONE\" occurred 1 time after a \"TWO\", for a total of 3 occurrences\nafter a \"TWO\".\nYour program will run against the following text, ignoring all punctuation i.e. Hardcode it into your program:\nMary had a little lamb its fleece was white as snow; And everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go. It followed her to school one day, which was against the rule; It made the children laugh and play, to see a lamb at school. And so the teacher turned it out, but still it lingered near, And waited patiently about till Mary did appear. \"Why does the lamb love Mary so?\" the eager children cry; \"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know\" the teacher did reply.\"\nYour program should accept as its first argument a path to a filename.The input file contains several lines. Each line is one test case. Each line contains a number followed by a string, separated by a comma. E.g.\nThe first number is the n-gram length. The second string is the text printed by the user and whose prediction you have to print out.\nFor each set of input produce a single line of output which is the predictions for what the user is going to type next. E.g.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In K&B book,P158, self test 1): A Has-a relationships always rely on inheritance. B Has-a relationships always rely on instance variables. C Has-a relationships always require at least two class type. D Has-a relations always rely on polymorphism. E Has-a relationship are always tightly coupled.\nThe given answer is B and I can tell others are obviously wrong. However, In K&B bonus master exam, we have the following question:\nA Has-a relationships are, by definition, well encapsulated. B A covariant return requires the existence of a has-a relationship. C Overriding requires the existence of a is-a relationship. D In some cases, is-a relationships are used in the process of autoboxing. E Has-a relationships are always defined with instance variables.\nThe given answer is C&&D. According to the self test question, I think E is also the right answer. The explanation is that class (static) variables can also be used to define has-a relationships.\nTherefore, I think these two question are contradictory to one another. Could anyone help me clear this?\nwhat i think is since static variables and methods are not attached to the instance of class using class object we cannot access static methods or variables......but using the class name we can access static methods or variables may be bcoz of this it is mentioned,HAS a relationship can be defined using static variables of class.\nAlthough what actualy is that HAS-a relationship is defined using instance variables of class.....i too thought E also should be the answer.......", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Snacktivity on the Rise\nModern dietary patterns play an important role in the increase in the burden of non-communicable disease\nChina is experiencing a rapid increase in the burden of non-communicable chronic disease. Modern dietary patterns play an important role in this development. Socioeconomic status is one of the main determinants of dietary patterns. However, little attention has been paid to the eating patterns and their association with nutritional status.\nDr Zumin Shi, with colleagues from the University of Adelaide and Newcastle University, aimed to describe the trend of eating patterns among Chinese older people aged 65 years and over. Data was analysed from the China Health and Nutrition Study (CHNS) over the years 1991-2011. Food intake was assessed in combination with a household food inventory with eating occasions predefined as breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks and sleep duration was also self-reported by participants.\nFindings indicated that over the 20 years of study, the majority of participants consumed three meals a day. The prevalence of meal skipping was relatively stable with people being slightly more likely to skip breakfast and lunch, rather than dinner. However, it was found that the prevalence of snacking had increased dramatically since 2004, especially among people with a higher income. About half of the participants snacked at least once during the 3-day survey in 2011 as compared with only 10% of participants in 1991. Therefore, snacking was the most important determinant of modern dietary patterns compared with meals. The findings indicated that snacking was positively associated with an increase in BMI even when adjusted for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, income, and urbanisation. Snacking at night was associated with a 25% increased chance of being overweight/obese. Afternoon and evening snacks were also positively associated with short sleep duration.\nAlthough most of the older Chinese people had three meals a day, snacking increased significantly in recent years and was positively associated with being overweight/obese as well as short sleep duration.\n[Source: Associate Professor Zumin Shi from the University of Adelaide. Zumin’s colleagues on this project are Professor Anne Taylor also from the University of Adelaide; Professor Julie Byles, Associate Professor John Hall and Dr Xiaoyue Xu from the University of Newcastle.]", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A paraganglioma is a rare tumor that begins in certain nerve cells that are dispersed throughout the body. This tumor can affect people of any age but most often shows up between the ages of 30 and 50. The tumor is often slow growing and noncancerous (benign). But it can invade nearby parts of the body, become cancerous (malignant) and spread distantly (metastasize).\nWith about half of paraganglioma tumors, the abnormal cells produce hormones known as catecholamines or adrenaline, which is the fight-or-flight hormone. This may induce high blood pressure, a rapid heartbeat, flushed skin, sweating, headache and tremors.\nSurgery to remove the tumor is usually the first treatment choice for a paraganglioma, if feasible. If left untreated, a paraganglioma can result in severe or life-threatening damage and progress to the point where surgical treatment isn't an option. In people with cancerous and distantly spread (metastatic) paraganglioma, medicine and other treatments can help control the disease and symptoms and even extend survival.\nIf your primary doctor thinks you may have a paraganglioma, he or she may refer you to an expert in cancer (medical oncologist), an expert in conditions of the endocrine system (endocrinologist) or a surgeon.\nYou may need a number of tests:\n- 24-hour urine test. You may be asked to collect a urine sample every time you urinate during a 24-hour period. This will be used to assess hormone excretion into urine. You will be given written instructions on how to store, label and return the samples.\n- Blood test. You may have blood drawn for laboratory testing, including an assessment of hormone levels. Talk to your doctor about special preparations, such as fasting or skipping a medication. Do not skip a dose without specific instructions from your doctor.\n- Imaging tests. Your doctor may order one or more imaging tests to define as accurately as possible the location of the tumor. These studies may include an MRI, CT and specialized nuclear medicine imaging such as a PET scan.\n- Genetic testing. Paragangliomas sometimes run in families, associated with altered genes that can be transmitted from parent to child. Your doctor may have your blood tested for this. And if an altered gene is detected, your doctor may recommend that you see a genetic counselor.\nNote that examining tumor tissue under a microscope cannot with certainty determine whether a tumor is cancerous.\nPeople with paragangliomas need care by an experienced, multidisciplinary team. Ask your doctor if he or she regularly treats people with this condition, as most doctors rarely (if ever) encounter paragangliomas and are unfamiliar with the best approaches to diagnosing and treating this rare tumor. Under such conditions, it's important to seek a second opinion from a team that specializes in the care of people with rare neuroendocrine tumors such as paragangliomas.\nTreatment of a paraganglioma depends on where the abnormal growth is located and whether it is cancerous. A paraganglioma is considered cancerous (malignant) if it spreads to other parts of the body (metastasizes). This is a rare occurrence in paragangliomas.\nCells from a cancerous (malignant) paraganglioma can migrate to lymph nodes, bone, liver, lungs or elsewhere. In people with this type of paraganglioma, it's critical to treat any elevated hormone levels and other signs and symptoms.\nTreatment options include:\n- Medications. Your doctor will first attempt to control symptoms caused by your paraganglioma, such as high blood pressure, if you have the type of paraganglioma that produces hormones. Drugs that usually help people with this condition include alpha blockers and beta blockers. In people with hormone-producing paragangliomas, it's critical to control blood pressure before surgery or other therapy.\nSurgery. Surgery to remove the tumor is generally the first choice for treatment, if feasible. Even if the tumor has spread, surgery is often used to reduce its size.\nIf paraganglioma tissue that produces hormones is disturbed, as happens during surgery, hormones in the tumor can be released and cause serious problems, such as elevated blood pressure and pulse. To prevent that, your doctor will have you prepare for surgery by taking medication to block the hormone's effects for 7 to 14 days before surgery. You may also be asked to record your blood pressure multiple times a day, to follow a high-sodium diet and to report your blood pressure results to your medical team.\nParaganglioma surgery is done under general anesthesia. It's important that specialized surgeons and anesthesiologists be involved. You'll likely need to stay in the hospital for several days after surgery. Even after successful removal of the tumor during surgery, tumors may recur. So you'll need to visit your doctor regularly for follow-up appointments.\n- Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is sometimes used to help control tumor growth and improve your symptoms if other options, such as surgery, aren't advisable. If the tumor is in the head or near vital nerves or blood vessels, a technique called stereotactic body radiation therapy may be used to limit damage to nearby healthy tissue.\n- Thermal ablation therapy. Under some circumstances, specialized interventional radiologists may destroy tumor deposits with an approach called thermal ablation therapy.\n- Clinical trials. You may be eligible for a clinical trial testing an experimental treatment.\n- Watchful waiting. If the tumor is slow growing, your doctor may monitor your condition during regular follow-up appointments even if you aren't undergoing therapy.\nAug. 01, 2019\nAug. 01, 2019", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It’s no secret that being a parent is the hardest job in the world, and first-time parenthood presents new moms and dads with enough challenges to make anyone’s head spin.\nThere are hundreds of manuals out there, but if you have little ones of your own, you know that there’s really no way to write the book on parenting. You have to fly by the seat of your pants and deal with everything as it comes. That being said, there are a few tenets of parenthood that apply to raising every bundle of joy: Always be ready for a tickle fight, don’t plan on getting much sleep, and try not to let them wander too far out of sight.\nBut what about leaving your baby in a cardboard box? Although that sounds like a terrible idea, that’s what the next 3,000 moms to give birth at Temple University Hospital will be doing when they get home.\nInfant mortality rates in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, are almost double that of the national average.\nAlthough it’s certainly not responsible for all infant deaths, the practice of co-sleeping claims hundreds of lives every year.\nCo-sleeping occurs when parents allow their babies to sleep with them in the same bed. While this is typically not done with ill intent, doing so can put babies at risk. Some experts, like University of Notre Dame anthropologist James McKenna, say that there is little evidence to back up the widely held notion that co-sleeping is a bad idea, but physicians tend to err on the side of caution by urging parents not to partake.\nAccording to Dr. Megan Heere, “The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that your baby should sleep alone on their back in their own crib.”\nThat’s where the baby box comes in.\nTemple University Hospital physicians are now giving out free baby boxes — complete with necessary supplies, firm mattress pads, and blankets — to new moms in an effort to encourage safe sleeping practices.\nThe boxes may not come with all the bells and whistles of traditional cribs, but they are perfectly safe and they help little ones stay out of harm’s way.\nTo learn more about this life-saving collaboration between Temple University Hospital and The Baby Box Company, check out the video below!\n(via Good Housekeeping)\nThe project has already proven to be extremely helpful to low-income families and new moms whose little ones arrived a bit earlier than expected. To learn more about The Baby Box Company, visit their website and follow them on Facebook for regular updates!\nRead more: http://www.viralnova.com/baby-boxes/", "label": "No"}
{"text": "EARLY DAY HISTORY: More than 130 years ago, the Cherokee Indians came to this area to build a nation after their westward trek from Georgia over the Trail of Tears. Tenkiller crossing -- where the dam is located -- is named for a famous Cherokee family and was a main traveled route across the Illinois River in frontier times. Here in the western foothills of the Arkansas Ozarks, the Cherokees invented a syllabary and developed an intricate government, including a system of courts of law. At Tahlequah, the Cherokees produced Oklahoma’s first newspaper in both Cherokee and English, and built a tribal government and schools. Here may be seen the historic Cherokee capital, the old tribal prison, the Cherokee Supreme Court Building, Cherokee Female Seminary built in 1889, and near the junctions of US Highway 62, State Highway 10 and State Highway 82, south of Tahlequah, is Tsa-La-Gi, an authentic replica of a Cherokee Village from the 1700s. There are many more points of interest within easy driving distance, including the Sequoyah Memorial, the historic Murrell Mansion, Dwight Mission, Fort Gibson National Cemetery, and Fort Gibson Stockade. The notable cliffs, forests and meadows along the shoreline of Lake Tenkiller are still much as they were years ago when outlaw gangs fled to the Cookson Hills for protection from the law.\nHISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT: The Tenkiller Ferry project was authorized by Congress under the Flood Control Act of 1938. Installation of power features was authorized in the River and Harbor Act of 1946. It was designed and built by the Tulsa District, Corps of Engineers, at a cost of $23,687,000. The project was started in 1947, placed in flood control operation in July 1953 and power was placed on the line in December 1953.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "METAL/NONMETAL MINE FATALITY - On January 19, 1998, a surveyor, with 8 years of mining experience, was killed at an underground lead/zinc mine. The victim was setting up his survey instruments in an intersection that was approximately 32 feet square and 16 feet high. An area of the back approximately 10 feet by 20 feet and weighing an estimated 12 tons fell on him. Reportedly, this intersection had been visually examined after blasting a few days earlier, however, the back had not been tested for loose ground conditions.\nGround conditions should be tested, as well as visually examined, after blasting and prior to work commencing, or as ground conditions warrant.\nLoose ground must be taken down or supported.\nWhen manual scaling is required, a scaling bar should be provided\nThis is the second fatality reported in calendar year 1998 in the metal and nonmetal mining industries. As of this date in 1997, there were four fatalities reported in these industries. This is the first fatality classified as Fall of Roof in 1998. There were no Fall of Roof fatalities during the same period in 1997.For more information:\nMSHA's Fatal Accident Investigation Report", "label": "No"}
{"text": "As Europe’s latest heat wave showed, climate change is scorching the Earth. The World Meteorological Organization suspects the period from 2015 to 2019 will be the warmest five years on record. China is particularly in trouble. As temperatures soar across the world, heat waves are expected to happen more often there.\nNow, in a new study, researchers say that global warming will lead to tens of thousands of additional heat-related deaths every year in China. But limiting warming to 1.5C (2.7F) above preindustrial levels rather than 2C (3.6F) – a difference of less than 1 degree F – could save about 30,000 lives per year in the Asian nation alone. The discovery highlights the need for global cooperation to reduce the impacts of climate change.\n“All countries in the world need to work together to limit the global warming, since this would significantly reduce risks and the impacts of climate change,” Chinese Academy of Sciences ecologist Su Buda, who led the new research, told Discover via email.\nIn 2015, the world’s nations came together to reach the Paris Agreement. The global action plan aims to limit global warming to at least less than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial era temperatures. The Paris Agreement’s best-case scenario, however, would cap warming at 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F). Knowing that China’s aging population is especially susceptible to hot spells, Buda’s team wanted to find out how keeping temps to 1.5 degrees C might reduce the impacts of heat waves.\nThe researchers modeled five different population growth scenarios and more than 30 global climate models to examining how many people might die from heat across 27 densely populated Chinese cities. Their list includes major cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing. And Buda says her team’s model is robust. It takes into account how high temperatures might impact some regions differently than others. And unlike previous studies, it also considered how swelling temperatures would affect older people differently than the younger population and women differently than men.\nThe model projected that 50 to 67 people per million would die from heat-related causes if climate change was kept under 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F). But that number balloons to 60 to 80 people per million if Earth were to see 2 degree C (3.6 degree F) warming. The finding shows “an additional 0.5 degree C warming … will result in an additional 27,900 to 33,200 thousand heat-related deaths per year,” Buda said. That means that curbing global warming to 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F) could cut heat-related mortality in Chinese cities by 18 percent, the team reports Tuesday in the journal Nature Communications.\nHeat-related mortality will affect older generations and women disproportionately. Even at 1.5 degree C (2.7 degree F) warming, mortality in the retired population will increase by as much as 156 percent, the team found. Women – whose threshold for higher temperatures is lower than men’s – are also more susceptible to heat-related mortality.\nThe researchers hope technology advancements will help curb the country’s vulnerability to the coming extreme weather events. “With the development of socioeconomy and the advancement of science and technology, it is possible to reduce exposure by means of strengthening forecasts and early warnings,” Buda said.\n“It is also possible to reduce vulnerability by increasing public health input, improving the sun protection capacity of buildings and the accessibility of clean drinking water,” she added.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On November 8, 2013, Super Typhoon Yolanda (international name: Haiyan) hit the Philippines. Tacloban, Leyte, and the surrounding shore of San Pedro Bay suffered the most damages. Because of strong winds brought by Yolanda, a 5–7meter-high storm surge took place. Yolanda, as the storm surge cause, killed more than 6,000 people.\nAlthough we know that both floods and flash floods may cause harm, they are often used interchangeably. Are all floods, flash floods? Or are all flash floods, floods? Do they have a relationship? Just what is the difference between floods and flash floods?\nSoutheast Asian countries experienced terrible floods in 2020. In this blog, read the reasons, effects, and solutions for floods!\nSoutheast Asian countries experienced terrible floods in 2020. Find out how disasters related to floods negatively impacted these countries.\nFlood damages can be avoided if you know the levels of flooding are and how to cope up with them.\nNature has provided man with gifts that often bring him joy and tranquility. Most people would opt to live in serene woodlands, others in the hinterlands, while others still, near waterways like rivers and lakes.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Find out more about how a child's motor skills develop.\nGross motor skills involve movement of the big muscles in the arms, legs and torso. In contrast, fine motor skills are those developed through the smaller muscles in the hands and fingers.\nMotor development progress\nFor motor skills to develop babies need plenty of time playing on the floor and outdoors to exercise both sides of their brain and body. Every child develops their own unique way to move around – some babies will crawl on all fours, others one-foot-one-knee, and some will move along on their bottoms (commonly known as ‘bum-shuffling’).\nAs their big muscles develop, they will progress from holding onto and walking around the furniture (cruising) to stooping, picking something up off the floor and standing up again to explore it. These actions all continue to strengthen the big muscles in their legs, abdomen and back.\nBy this stage ‘baby’ has become a toddler who is consolidating their motor skills and coordination. As movements are repeated over and over again, important connections between brain cells become stronger and eventually permanent.\nRefining their movements\nDuring this time, children are likely to spend much of their day exploring and practicing movements as they play. Parents will notice how their child’s movements become smoother and more efficient as a result of the many repetitions, which strengthens their muscles and brain connections.\nStanding and walking\nBy 15 months, most toddlers can confidently standing on their own, and most will be walking independently.\nOther big muscle skills that develop in this period are those used in climbing and being able to carry something while walking. They will be able to throw a ball while either sitting or standing.\nToddlers need their whānau to provide:\n- a safe environment\n- opportunities to be active indoors and outdoors.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "South Asia Division of the U-M Library\nThe South Asian studies collection at the University of Michigan Library covers the following countries: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sikkim (now a part of India), Sri Lanka, Tibet (for Buddhist studies), and, to a lesser degree, Afghanistan. Since many of these countries, or portions of them, were for extensive periods of time colonies of Portugal, France, and Great Britain, there are large overseas South Asian communities within the former colonial states. Similarly, there are significant immigrant populations in several other countries, including the United States, Canada, Malaysia, Singapore, Fiji, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa and the Caribbean Islands. South Asian studies also encompass these communities in the former colonies.\nMaterials on and from South Asia defined in these very broad terms are acquired and catalogued by the South Asia Division. Although within this broad view there are variations in degree of coverage or emphasis on particular countries and disciplinary interests, the study of India and Indians remains the prime interest and importance.\n285,000 monographic titles in various formats 1,700 current serial titles (vernacular and Western languages). A large collection of maps is housed in the Map Library.\nAfghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tibet (Buddhist Studies).\nEnglish, Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Tamil, Tibetan, Bengali (not currently collected); Classical languages: Sanskrit, Prakrit, Pali, Persian, Arabic.\nFor School Teachers and Students\nBelow are resources for teachers from kindergarten to college level. We hope you find them useful:\nAskAsia.org is a K-12 resource of the Asia Society. Founded in 1956 by John D. Rockefeller 3rd, the Society's mission is to strengthen mutual understanding between the United States and Asia in support of positive engagement between their societies and peoples. Please view information for curriculum planning on the AskAsia website.\nThe American Forum for Global Education is a private, non-for-profit organization\nfounded in 1970. Includes a new web-based curriculum, free. Simply register your email name and you have access to 170 curriculum units, a handful of which are focused on South Asia, and many that are applicable because of a global focus.\nOutreach World is a comprehensive one-stop resource for teaching international and area studies and foreign languages in the precollegiate classroom.\nEdsitement, The best of the humanities on the web, lesson plans made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\nNon U-M Digital Collections\nThe South Asia Microform Project (SAMP) is a cooperative program that seeks to acquire and maintain a readily accessible collection of unique materials in microform related to the study of South Asia. Materials are collected both through the filming efforts of the project and through the purchase of positive copies of materials filmed by other groups, institutions and companies.\nDigital South Asia Library On-line information about contemporary and historical South Asia including: full-text documents; statistical data; electronic images; cartographic representations; pedagogical resources for language instruction; delivery on demand of page images from South Asia, scanned from both paper and microform sources; and internet-based indexes to highly select journals in the regional languages of South Asia.\nEarly Buddhist Manuscripts Project The British Library / University of Washington Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project was founded in September 1996 in order to promote the study, editing, and publication of a unique collection of fifty-seven fragments of Buddhist manuscripts on birch bark scrolls, written in the Kharosthi script and the Gandhari (Prakrit) language that were acquired by the British Library in 1994. The manuscripts date from, most likely, the first century A.D., and as such are the oldest surviving Buddhist texts, which promise to provide unprecedented insights into the early history of Buddhism in north India and in central and east Asia.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A MiddleWeb Blog\nCongratulations on your new social studies class! Whether you are teaching fourth grade social studies, or seventh grade history, you are probably feeling a combination of excitement and trepidation. Maybe we can help with the trepidation!\nThe three of us who contribute to the Future of History blog got together to brainstorm what we wished we’d known our first year of teaching. We’ve tried to narrow our focus to the particular needs of the new teacher in the social studies classroom.\nMany of our “tips” are things you’ve probably heard or tried out in your teacher preparation programs, but we know that being reminded of what’s essential never hurts.\nHere’s what we came up with – hope it’s helpful!\n• The volume of information in a history/social studies class is overwhelming. Talk to a veteran teacher and figure out what topics are MOST important.\n• That being said, most schools hold students to particular standards, whether state or the new Common Core. Make sure that you know what your school/state expects students to know.\n• If your school, district or state has a prescribed history curriculum, try to put as much of yourself (and the best practices that you’ve learned in your education programs) into the curriculum. It’s important to own what you teach.\n• In a fact-based discipline, we need to focus on big ideas, patterns, and themes in history–don’t get bogged down in details that your students are likely to forget when they are done with your class.\n• Even if you think you aren’t going to use it, read the textbook–so you understand what’s there.\n• Any time you use texts and resources with alternate (political) perspectives, make sure you introduce them as such, and try to provide the other perspectives as well.\n• In this day and age, history is most definitely not just memorization. Give your students the skills to analyze history, detect bias, and evaluate historical events.\n• TeachingHistory.org, Finding Dulcinea and Facing History are among some great web-based resources that can help you help students to think critically about historical sources and what they find on the Internet.\n• Have a timeline in your classroom of the major events you cover in class–especially if you are teaching thematically.\n• Maps are very important in helping students contextualize the area they learn about. Get lots of them! And remember to constantly refer to them while you teach.\n• It’s nice to have visuals displayed around your classroom, but only put something up if it is really relevant to your curriculum.\n• Arrange your classroom to allow for collaboration.\n• Even though we have content to convey, the strategies and teaching are as, if not more, important than the content. Remember that you are teaching students about history, as opposed to teaching history to students.\n• Know your strengths! But also know where you need to focus your attention in your practice. If you are strong in pedagogy, watch content-matter specific documentaries and read up. If you are strong in content, look into new teaching strategies.\n• Write a bunch of “Do Nows” ahead of time so you have them in your bank. Make sure they are relevant to the lesson you are about to teach — these class-starter activities will help your students realize that you are going to maximize your time with them, and the learning begins as soon as they enter the room.\n• Find someone you respect and trust, whether at your site or another school, to talk about history content and the way you are teaching it.\n• Keep a running list of things you want to change in your lessons for next school year. We promise, you won’t remember it if you don’t write it down!\n• If you haven’t already, join an online professional learning network like Twitter. Some of the good hashtags for history teachers are #sschat and #historyteacher. Find interesting people to follow in the education field.\n• Look into what your national association (NCSS) has to offer teachers at the middle level.\n• Never give an assessment of any kind that you can’t complete yourself.\n• Make sure your assessments are REALLY assessing the information or skills that you want your students to take with them after they have completed your class.\n• Don’t test students on information that does not have that much historical importance or relevance to your overall learning goals.\nMost of all: When in doubt, trust yourself and go with your gut. Soon you’ll have a room full of young historians, and you’ll find yourself doing many of the things in this list without even thinking about them.\nWhat have we forgotten? If you’re a veteran teacher, include your history/ social studies teacher tips in the comments. If you’re a new teacher with a lingering question, please ask it here!\nAaron Brock has been a middle school social studies teacher in the Compton Unified School District for five years. He has a BA in History from California State University Northridge and received his teaching credential through University of California Los Angeles’ TeachLA program. Follow Aaron on Twitter @HistoryBrock.\nShara Peters (right) teaches eighth grade U.S. History in a Los Angeles independent school. She earned her teaching credential from Hebrew Union College and her M.A. in teaching from American Jewish University.\nJody Passanisi (left) is also an eighth grade U.S. History teacher at a Los Angeles independent school. She earned her credential and an M.S. in education from Mount St. Mary’s College. She is the author of the 2016 book from Routledge/MiddleWeb, History Class Revisited: Tools and Projects to Engage Middle School Students in Social Studies. Receive a 20% discount on History Class Revisited at the publisher’s website by using the coupon code IRK95.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Miniature Paintings : Although miniature\npainting is most often associated with Mughal art, it dates back\nmany centuries in India where different styles developed. Yes, a\nmajor change in style occurred Mughal rulers came with Persian\nartists to India. Thus paintings in a new, distinctive Mughal style\ncame into existence.\nGemstone Paintings : The brighter colors\nare added to various Rajasthani paintings by the use of gemstone\ngrinded finely. Various precious and semi precious stones are used\nfor different colors in a gemstone painting.\nPhad Paintings : Par paintings depict\nincidents in the lives of the folk hero-deities Pabuji and\nDevnarayan of Rajasthan. Traditionally, they are used to accompany a\nritual in which the heroes' deeds are sung or recited by priests\nKajali Paintings : The collection of\nSpecial Art of Rajasthan, which is done by very few people in\ncertain parts of Rajasthan. Every painting, made from black kajal\nand stone colors, requires extensive hard work and expert hands.\nKishangarh Paintings : The most important\nstyles developed during 17th/18th century were in Mewar, Marwar,\nAmbal, Kishangarh, and Hadoti. The Kishangarh artists under the\npatronage of their rulers Raja Mansingh and Sawant Singh in 17th\ncentury painted the romantic miniatures based on the stories of\nRadha and Krishna.\nBani Thani Paintings : The Kishengarh\nschool excels in its Bani Thani paintings. The originality of style\ncan be credited to its royal patron - Raja Sawant Singh, also known\nas Nagari Das, who was the originator of these paintings.\nWelcome Rajasthan Travel & Tourism Services\nC/O Umaid Mahal ,C-20 / B-2 Bihari Marg, Jai Singh\nOpp. Lane of K.P. Automotives, Bani Park, Jaipur - 302016,\nTelephone : + 91-141-2205528 (09:00 A.M. To 06 P.M.) (Sunday Closed)\n+91-9829614748 (06:00 A.M. To 06 P.M.) (Sunday Closed)\nFax : +91-141-2204470\nFor Car Rental Email: email@example.com For Tour Package Email: firstname.lastname@example.org\nEmergency Contact Number : +91-9314503423\nSkype ID: welcomerajasthantours", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Food Standards Agency has announced a change to its advice about eating eggs - infants, children, pregnant women and elderly people can now safely eat raw or lightly cooked eggs that are produced under the British Lion Code of Practice.\nThe revised advice, based on the latest scientific evidence, means that people vulnerable to infection or who are likely to suffer serious symptoms from food poisoning (such as infants, children, pregnant women and elderly people) can now safely eat raw or lightly cooked hen eggs or foods containing them.\nThe decision to change the advice is a result of the findings from an expert group that was set up by the Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food (ACMSF) in February 2015 to look at egg safety. Its report, published in July 2016, highlighted that the presence of salmonella in UK eggs has been dramatically reduced in recent years, and the risks are very low for eggs which have been produced according to food safety controls applied by the British Lion Code of Practice. More than 90% of UK eggs are produced under this scheme.\nHeather Hancock, Chairman of the Food Standards Agency, said: “It's good news that now even vulnerable groups can safely eat UK eggs without needing to hardboil them, so long as they bear the British Lion mark. The FSA has thoroughly reviewed the scientific evidence about the safety of these eggs, and we're confident that we can now change our advice to consumers.\n“The major reduction in the risk of salmonella in Lion eggs is testament to the work carried out by egg producers. The measures they've taken, from vaccination of hens through to improving hygiene on farms and better transportation, have dramatically reduced salmonella levels in UK hens.”\nA range of interventions have been put in place across the food chain as part of the Lion scheme including: vaccinating hens, enhanced testing for salmonella, improved farm hygiene, effective rodent control, independent auditing and traceability, and keeping the eggs cool while transporting them from farm to shop.\nThe revised advice does not apply to severely immunocompromised individuals, who require medically supervised diets prescribed by health professionals, and is only for eggs produced under the British Lion Code of Practice.\nThe existing advice on UK non-Lion eggs, non-hen eggs and eggs from outside the UK, is that they should always be cooked thoroughly for vulnerable groups.\nWhen eating raw or lightly cooked eggs it is recommended to:\n• store eggs safely in a cool dry place such as the fridge;\n• follow good hygiene practices in the kitchen; avoiding cross contamination, cleaning work surfaces, dishes and utensils and making sure you wash your hands thoroughly before and after handling eggs\n• observe ‘best before’ dates.\nSource: the FSA", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I stumbled across a nice website last week called Interactivate with 140 (or so) interactive Java-based activities for algebra, geometry, probability, statistics, etc. Many of the activities are modifications of other activities, but still there are at least 30 unique game-based activities here to help your students learn.\nI particularly liked “Algebra Four” (a play on the game Connect Four). I am teaching my algebra students all about solving equations right now and this would give them some good practice. The student can choose the level of difficulty (one-step, two-step, distributive, etc.). So conceivably, a student could first play at the one-step level, then the two-step level, then add the distributive property, and work their way up. This is a two-player game, which is really the only drawback, as a student at home would have to play against themself (or convince someone else to play an algebra game with them… hmm… unlikely). I do like the timer, which would encourage the student to get faster at solving equations. And if a student doesn’t want to play against the timer, it could just be set for a high time.\nAnother nice game here is the “function machine” like we’ve seen in textbooks, only this one is really a machine where you (or the student) inputs values, and it (the machine) processes the values and outputs them. The “game” here is to guess the function. I could see using this one in a classroom when we talk about function notation, and writing out the function notation process of each “guess” and “answer” to the side of the projected machine. A small improvement on this game would be to show the function notation to the side and then run a version that would let the all-knowing instructor input “x” at the end of the game, to show that if you input “x” or “a” into the function notation, the function notation shows you exactly what happens during the processing.\nOne last gem from this site is Area Explorer, which shows the student a graph of connected, shaded squares, and asks the student to find the area and perimeter. What I like is that it emphasizes the underlying principle behind area and perimeter (area is counting unit squares in the interior of the figure and perimeter is counting unit lines on the perimeter of the figure). Our students today seem to often miss this concept alltogether and just want to boil everything down to a formula, so I think this would be a great activity to have students try on their own.\nAll in all… kudos to this site for creating some really nice interactive materials!\nPossibly Related Posts:\n- Group Exploration in Math\n- WolframAlpha Facebook Report\n- Level Up: Video Games for Learning Algebra\n- Coming out of the Closet: I’m a Game Designer!\n- Copyright Math", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Genetic Information Discrimination\nAs of 2009, employment discrimination on the basis of an individual's genetic makeup is prohibited under federal law. That means employers, employment agencies and similar entities may not request, require, purchase or disclose a current or prospective employee's genetic information, nor make employment decisions based on such information. Harassment based on genetic information also is prohibited, as with any other type of harassment covered by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).\nAdditionally, 34 states have laws prohibiting discrimination on the basis of genetic information; some of them may apply to employers with less than 15 employees.\nGenetic Information Nondiscrimination Act\nTitle II of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) covers all U.S. employers with 15 or more employees. \"Genetic information,\" as defined by GINA, includes information about the following:\n- An individual's genetic tests\n- The genetic tests of an individual's family members\n- The manifestation of a disease or disorder in an individual's family (i.e. family medical history)\n- An individual's request for, or receipt of, genetic services (or that of a family member)\n- The genetic makeup of a fetus being carried by an individual or family member\nGINA does not cover individuals who already have impairments or conditions that may have a genetic basis, such as diabetes or certain forms of cancer. However, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against those whose condition meets the legal definition of \"disability.\"\nAs with other protected characteristics such as race, gender, national origin, age or disability, an individual's genetic information is not considered relevant to that person's ability to work. Therefore, an employer may not use such information as the basis for hiring, firing, pay, promotions, job assignments, layoffs, benefits, training or any other employment action.\nHarassment on the basis of one's genetic information, which also is prohibited under GINA, may consist offensive comments that are considered severe enough to cause a hostile or offensive work environment or which cause an adverse employment decision (i.e. the victim is demoted or terminated). Retaliation against an employee who has filed a complaint or otherwise opposed genetic discrimination also is illegal.\nAcquisition of Genetic Information: Exceptions to GINA\nWhile GINA prohibits employers and other covered entities to acquire genetic information, the EEOC designates the following narrow exceptions:\n- Inadvertent acquisition of genetic information, such as an overheard conversation about an employee's illness\n- In some situations where the individual has voluntarily provided such information as part of a health or wellness program\n- Acquisition of family medical history as part of FMLA leave certification (i.e. employee is caring for a seriously ill family member)\n- Information gleaned from publicly available sources, such as newspapers\n- Information obtained through certain genetic monitoring programs that are required by law, where employee participation is voluntary\n- Genetic information obtained in a facility that engages in DNA testing (such as a forensics lab), as used for analysis of DNA markers to detect sample contamination\nInadvertent GINA Violations: Safe Harbor\nAn employer may have to request health-related information from an employee in some cases, which can lead to the inadvertent acquisition of genetic information. For example, an employee may be requesting a reasonable accommodation under the ADA or request for extended medical leave. However, it is important for employers to create a safe harbor by providing a warning to the individual about GINA. The EEOC suggests the following, expressed either verbally or in writing:\nThe Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) prohibits employers and other entities covered by GINA Title II from requesting or requiring genetic information of an individual or family member of the individual, except as specifically allowed by this law. To comply with this law, we are asking that you not provide any genetic information when responding to this request for medical information. “Genetic information,” as defined by GINA, includes an individual’s family medical history, the results of an individual’s or family member’s genetic tests, the fact that an individual or an individual’s family member sought or received genetic services, and genetic information of a fetus carried by an individual or an individual’s family member or an embryo lawfully held by an individual or family member receiving assistive reproductive services.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is in crisis. NATO is one of the most successful and longest-lasting military alliances in history.\nLather, rinse, repeat.\nA glance at news headlines from any of the last seven decades might leave you thinking NATO has been in a perpetual state of crisis since its origins in 1949. And yet, time and time again, the Presidents and Prime Ministers of NATO states have decided that NATO should – indeed must – remain in existence. What explains this cycle of crises accompanied by determination to keep NATO together? How can every generation’s pundits write headlines warning of the imminent demise of the alliance, while its leaders insist that the alliance must continue?\nThe answer to the riddle lies in the fact that many of NATO’s largest and most important powers were led by governments that relied on public support for their political power. This led to what I call in Enduring Alliance: A History of NATO and the Postwar Global Order the “dangers of democracy.” It was these dangers that help us why NATO leaders thought the alliance was necessary but also why they constantly fretted about its future.\nThe leaders who formed and maintained NATO did so because they thought the alliance would protect members from being blackmailed by the Soviet Union. In the late 1940s, the British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin argued that the Soviet Union would use its military and political power to compel other states to act as Moscow wished. The “Russians,” as Bevin called them, “seem to be fairly confident of getting the fruits of war without going to war.” Soviet pressure on Finland, in which Moscow gained significant influence in the shaping of Finland’s foreign policies, offered an example of how this might happen. A Soviet ultimatum to Norway, and later a coup in Czechoslovakia, suggested that the Soviets would gain influence in Europe by picking off one state at a time. In the aftermath of the Second World War, it seemed likely that Europeans, cajoled or bullied by the Soviet Union, would urge their leaders to give in to any Soviet demands rather than risk confrontation. George F. Kennan, the famous American diplomat and expert on the Soviet Union, explained this fear eloquently when he said that “it is the shadows rather than the substance of things that move the hearts, and sway the deeds, of statesmen.” And the Kremlin cast long shadows.\nNATO offered a solution.\nNATO’s integrated military commands were never so much about being able to defend against the Soviet Union in case of war, but in cancelling out the Soviet Union’s ability to influence and compel European states to do what Moscow wished. Ideally, NATO would ensure that the Soviet Union would not bother trying to pressure an ally. But if a crisis came, NATO’s military capability had to be real enough to ensure that leaders could convince their citizens they did not have to give in. The alternative would be for frightened voters to pressure their leaders – be it through elections or other public protest – to give into Soviet demands. NATO insured against one danger of democracy – a panicked electorate faced with crisis – that might have otherwise allowed for the “Finlandization” of more European states.\nThe NATO leaders’ other worry, however, was that in times of peace, or even cold war, their electorates were not interested in maintaining the defense spending on which NATO relied.\nPeriods of détente with the Soviet Union seemed to strip away the rationale for NATO. The public reaction to the Vietnam War in both the United States and Europe caused allies to wonder whether there had been an outright rejection of the military instrument of foreign policy. These worries were amplified in the 1970s and 1980s as some protesters challenged NATO’s reliance on nuclear weapons.\nNATO’s champion believed the alliance prevented crises and would allow them to prevail if one did occur.\nThey also believed that NATO worked, in a sense, too well – that it caused their voters to forget why NATO was important. On its 70th anniversary, the greatest challenge to the alliance may be an American president who ignores these nuances and does not understand the power of shadows.\nAbout the author of this blog post: Timothy Andrews Sayle is Assistant Professor in the Department of History at the University of Toronto and a Senior Fellow of the Bill Graham Centre for Contemporary International History. He is the author of Enduring Alliance: A History of NATO and the Postwar Global Order, and the editor, with Jeffrey A. Engel, Hal Brands, and William Inboden of The Last Card: Inside George W. Bush’s Decisions to Surge in Iraq, forthcoming from Cornell University Press.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Switching describes a physician’s decision to exchange one product that a patient receives for another. With the introduction of biosimilars, physicians may be encouraged to switch patients from an original biologic (reference product) to any of its biosimilars (or vice versa) in order to reduce costs.\nThe considerations take into account the unique characteristics of biologic medicines, which are capable of treating patients with highly complex diseases – and caution that switching stable patients is still nascent in practice. The three associations underscore the central role of the physician – together with the patient – in the decision-making process when it comes to providing the appropriate treatment for both naïve and disease-stable patients.\nThis means that:\n- the prescribing physician must always retain the option to designate which biological product should be dispensed. Treatment decisions must be made first on the basis of clinical judgment and then on the overall value proposition offered by individual medicines; and\n- the treating physician, in consultation with the patient, should make any decision to switch patients from one biological product to another. Where switching occurs, it must be accompanied by adequate clinical monitoring and the patient must be informed appropriately at all times.\nAll biologics approved by regulatory authorities (e.g. the European Medicines Agency) in compliance with relevant WHO guidelines are safe, effective and of high quality. Moreover, a biosimilar must be compared in terms of quality, safety and efficacy with its reference product before it qualifies for approval. However, there is no regulatory requirement for individually approved biosimilars for the same reference product to be compared with each other. Consequently, this type of data may not be available to stakeholders when evaluating a switch between two biosimilars of the same reference product.\nThe complex nature of biological molecules, which are often used to treat patients who have multifaceted, chronic diseases, means that any decision to switch should be made on a case-by-case basis and must be patient-, disease- and product-specific. It is vital for a physician to balance the level of evidence against the level of risk or uncertainty in each particular case. A ‘one size fits all’ approach is not appropriate.\nBiosimilars have an important role to play in promoting the sustainability of healthcare systems. Used appropriately, biosimilars will provide health systems with the financial headroom to maintain investment in new technologies and therapies. Our industry recognises its responsibility to support efforts that instill confidence in physicians and patients in the use of biosimilars, including through the promotion of appropriate clinical use and contributing to informed decision-making.\nEuropean Biopharmaceutical Enterprises (EBE) represents the voice of biopharmaceutical companies of all sizes in Europe and is a specialised group within the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). Established in 2000, EBE is recognised as the leading biopharmaceutical association in Europe.\nThe European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) represents the pharmaceutical industry operating in Europe. EFPIA is the voice on the EU scene of 1,900 companies committed to researching, developing and bringing to patients new medicines that will improve health and the quality of life around the world.\nIFPMA represents research-based pharmaceutical companies and associations across the globe. The research-based pharmaceutical industry’s 2 million employees research, develop and provide medicines and vaccines that improve the life of patients worldwide. Based in Geneva, IFPMA has official relations with the United Nations and contributes industry expertise to help the global health community find solutions that improve global health.\nEBE │Barbara Freischem │Executive Director│ Tel: +32 2 62 62 564 │email@example.com\nIFPMA│Sadia Kaenzig│Manager, Communications │Tel: +41 22 338 32 49 │Mobile: +41 79 513 44 42 │ firstname.lastname@example.org", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An engine hoist is a device used to remove and install an engine in a passenger car or truck. Commonly referred to as a cherry picker, one of the most used engine hoist designs commonly uses a hydraulic cylinder attached to a steel frame with a hook hanging down from the top. An adjustable upper boom allows the engine hoist’s reach potential to be adjusted, while optional folding legs allow the tool to be stored against a wall or out of the way when not in use. Other versions of the hoist consist of chain falls, come-along pullers and electric cable hoist.\nTo complete many different types of automobile engine or transmission repairs, the engine must often be removed from the vehicle. This is accomplished through the use of an engine hoist. On many vehicles, once the engine is disconnected from the chassis mounts, electrical harness and other fluid lines, an engine hoist can be attached to the engine by a lifting bracket or chains and lifted up and out of the vehicle. On many front-wheel drive vehicles, however, the engine requires removal from underneath the chassis. In this situation, the body is commonly blocked in an elevated position while the engine is lowered out of the chassis by an engine hoist.\nWhen an overhead beam, tree limb or rafters are available, the come-along hoist, chain falls or electric cable winch can often be used to pull or replace an engine. When there is no overhead support present, the cherry picker is the best tool for the job. One set-back for the cherry picker is that the use of this type of engine hoist requires a solid floor in which to operate on. Soft ground will allow the picker’s wheels or casters to sink into the ground, preventing the cherry picker from easily being pulled out and away from the vehicle with the engine suspended in air.\nThe cherry picker can be positioned on a heavy sheet of plywood covering soft ground to allow the engine hoist to be pulled out and maneuvered under the vehicle. One precaution to take whenever using any type of engine hoist is to avoid leaving an engine hanging from the hoist for prolonged periods of time. The constant stress of the engine hanging unsupported from the hoist can lead to premature failure of the hoist, including damage to the engine from a sudden drop to the floor or ground.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Help writing sentences\nFree crafting sentences- to help students write a complete sentence print small to create a class collage of simple sentences find this pin and more on syntax by. How to write a sentence i need more help with complex sentences and dependent/independent clauses wikihow contributor. Learning about sentences and their structure is an important part of your child’s education help him practice his sentence writing skills with these free printable. Sentence writing practice gets kids writing, allowing them to hone their writing skills as they use their spelling and/or vocabulary words in context teachers.\nCenter for writing | student writing support | grammar | run-on sentences run-on sentences problem a run-on sentence occurs when two or more independent clauses are. Explore pitner's potpourri's board writing sentences on pinterest | see more ideas about teaching writing help your child write star sentences. Here are some exercises that will help them recognize sentences on sentence strips, write phrases that are sentences and incomplete sentences.\nLearn basic english grammar and punctuation to write proper sentences all containing a subject or click here for more help with sentence structure writing help. Understanding what a proper sentence is and where to put full stops will greatly improve your written communication this basic english grammar help is the. Free grammar help— sentence help can you identify the verb in the following sentences test yourself by writing the verb in the field beside the sentence. How to write sentences correctly about trinity how to write correct sentences help us to understand how god is using you in the ministry to which he has.\nHow to use help in a sentence example sentences with the word help help example sentences. Children need lots of practice with writing to develop their skills in the elementary years parents can help at home with these activities and ideas. I am currently taking a spanish class in college and we are learning to read, write and speak the launage, i am having trouble putting the sentenances together to. Educators and students who searched for help writing sentences found the following information and resources useful. Free, printable sentence building worksheets to develop strong grammar, language and writing skills more than 1,500 ela activities click to learn more.\nThis handout will help you locate and correct sentence fragments and run-ons. I really need help in writing spanish and making sentences any suggestions. In 1st ministers, the crime not has hence save with a today model political state blogs: a priced understanding of essays, steps, and governments.\nThe fix: length preference is influenced by personal style, and modern readers favor shorter sentences good sentence structure helps to eliminate the use of sentence. Writing concise sentences vigorous writing is concise a sentence should contain no this policy works to the detriment of those it is supposed to help. When you have a sentence that you want to write phraseup can be used to help cure your writer's block or help when you can't find the right words to put your. Free, printable sentence structure worksheets to develop strong grammar, language and writing skills more than 1,500 ela activities click to learn more.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Peterson has just graduated from college and is now a junior member of the staff of a U.S. senator. He has been asked to draft a statement detailing the senator's position on the economic growth implications of immigration. His research on the topic has uncovered the following facts. First, more than a fifth of scientists actively involved in research at the US universities are immigrants. Second, foreign-born scientists residing in the United States write about 60 percent published research studies in the physical sciences and about 30 percent of research publications in the life sciences. Third, nearly a forth of the founders or chief executives of U.S. biotechnology firms that have become publics companies since the early 1990s were born abroad. Peterson knows that in the past the senator who employs him has generally been opposed to permitting unhindered immigration. Nevertheless, the senator also strongly favors policies that promote economic growth. Peterson's task, given what he has learned, is to compose a draft statement reconciling the senator's two positions.\n1. Why might unhindered immigration have uncertain effects on US per capita GDP even though immigrant scientists contribute so much to the nation's stock of knowledge and expertise?\n2. How might Peterson draw on the insights of new growth theory to draft a position statement ruling out unhindered immigration but proposing greater openness to \"targeted immigrants\"?\n1. Unhindered immigration means that all people might be allowed into the United States - the immigration policies are not restricted only to those immigrants that will be useful to the United States economy. If unhindered immigration is allowed, poor and destitute people from the Third World countries, who might not have any professional skills at all, will rush to com into the United States where they can get adequate food shelter and welfare. Even if they are ...\nThe unhindered immigration's effects on US per capita GDP are shown.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Vital wastewater treatment technologies in the waste plastic processing industry\nTechnological machines for waste plastic processing may vary depending on the plastics processed (e.g. PET, PP, HDPE, LDPE etc.). Therefore, this article is not intended to cover the waste plastic processing machines per se, but rather the use of water in the process, wastewater production during recycling, and wastewater treatment technologies.\nAt first, it should be stressed that the type of the processed plastic has a significant impact on the composition of the produced wastewater. Crucial determinant is whether only plastic bottles for sweetened beverages (PET) or bottles for various detergents, softeners, shampoos etc. (HDPE) are processed on the same machine.\nWater consumption during plastic recycling\nTo put the entire process in a nutshell, the wastewater is produced during the plastic material treatment. You can also use technological water with temperatures ranging from 10 to 15C. However, it will only wash off the dust, sand, or soluble components deposits.\nThe treatment performance can be enhanced by increasing the temperature, adding a detergent or sodium hydroxide solution which proved to be useful for such treatment.\nPlastic recycling wastewater composition\nWhen it comes to the wastewater composition, I once again have to highlight that the employed method and the variety of other materials collected together with the plastic is crucial.\nStorage and treatment conditions have a significant impact as well. However, since we need a baseline, our pollution estimations can be based on Amélie Santos’ work from 2005.\nUtmost attention must be paid to the total dissolved solids (TDS) which can reach a concentration of 5 to 8g/L after the treatment. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), i.e. the organic pollution could also be taken into consideration. The paper suggests COD concentrations from 200 to 900mg/L, similar to concentrations in sewage water.\nNow I will investigate what could be put in place in a WWTP in the plastic processing industry.\nRemoval of plastic pieces and plastic fibers\nFirst of all, you need to keep in mind that the machine cuts the material in question into small flocks. Along with the wastewater, small parts of plastics, foils, caps, plastic fibers etc. might be released. The machines are equipped with screens for this very purpose.\nThe first step might employ coarse screening with openings of 10 to 50mm. The retained material is usually highly polluted and destined to end up in a waste dump.\nThe second step should deploy a rotary drum screen with much thinner openings to retain any particles beyond 1 to 10mm.\nSince the plastic waste travelled a long way through many places with different types of pollution, the machines need to deal with dust, sand, gravel etc. The next stage should comprise sand-based solid removal technology.\nSand catchers are sophisticated devices with very simple assembly. It is up to the investor which device he or she chooses based on its pros and cons.\nWe recommend using a device for the retained material and sand with press function to partially dewater the grit. Afterwards, the grit can be easily handled and stored.\nThe core of the technology\nThe core of the technology is a device for separation of insolubles. A regular sedimentation or a sedimentation with plates can be designed for its lower space requirements.\nFloatation is also an option, with the advantage of sludge density control, and thus its reduction.\nAll these devices necessarily need chemical dosage.\nThe first group of chemicals consists of coagulants and flocculants which transform the insoluble materials into compact flocks, and hence improve their properties and enhance the separation process.\nThe second group comprises acids and alkalis to modify the pH-values. This step is crucial to decrease the range of pH-values to fit in a narrower interval of the flocculant.\nAfter such treatment, the water with 90% of insoluble materials and 30% of organics (COD) removed can be discharged into public sewage.\nPre-cleaned water can be reused in recycling machines, saving operational costs for the purchase of new freshwater (so-called Zero Liquid Discharge).\nHowever, if the applied sewer rates are too high or there is no connection to the sewage network, the wastewater can be further processed and cleaned to such extent which allows the operator to discharge it into rivers. The most common method of post-treatment is biological aerobic treatment.\nThe last topic which needs to be covered is sludge management. Sludge is a by-product of sewage treatment with the contents of the removed insolubles. Its quality depends on the technology employed (e.g. sedimentation, flocculation etc.)\nSludge concentration can constitute 10 to 60 g/L. Such liquid material can be disposed of by means of export. The disadvantage is its large volume. In practice, another device is usually used to dewater the sludge, reducing its concentration to 150-300 g/L and making it a solid material.\nTo have a better idea of the quantity, the approximate production of insolubles per ton of processed plastic amounts to 22kg. This means that processing 100t of plastics per day produces 2.2t of insolubles. This represents about 145-40m³of liquid sludge or 11m³ of sludge dewatered with separator, belt press, or using other technologies.\nPlastic recycling machines produce wastewater during the treatment. Its main components are total dissolved solids with concentrations of 5 to 8 g/L. The primary technologies used in wastewater treatment plants should comprise screening, sand catcher, flotation or sedimentation, and a technology to thicken the produced sludge.\nBy: Ing. Matúš Palguta, Chemical Tech\nIn 2019, The European Environmental Agency published a report on water quality at bathing sites across Europe.\nResearchers have discovered small plastic particles also in Slovak drinking water sources.\nHurricanes Irma, Katrina, and Dorian: all of them caused major flooding in the U.S. in the course of the last two decades. Flooding causes property...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hybrid Anomaly Detection Using Decision Tree and Support Vector Machine\nIntrusion detection systems (IDS) are the main components of network security. These systems analyze the network events for intrusion detection. The design of an IDS is through the training of normal traffic data or attack. The methods of machine learning are the best ways to design IDSs. In the method presented in this article, the pruning algorithm of C5.0 decision tree is being used to reduce the features of traffic data used and training IDS by the least square vector algorithm (LS-SVM). Then, the remaining features are arranged according to the predictor importance criterion. The least important features are eliminated in the order. The remaining features of this stage, which have created the highest level of accuracy in LS-SVM, are selected as the final features. The features obtained, compared to other similar articles which have examined the selected features in the least squared support vector machine model, are better in the accuracy, true positive rate, and false positive. The results are tested by the UNSW-NB15 dataset.\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1317192Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF\n A. L. Buczak and E. Guven, \"A survey of data mining and machine learning methods for cyber security intrusion detection,\" IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 1153-1176, 2016.\n B. W. Masduki, K. Ramli, F. A. Saputra, and D. Sugiarto, \"Study on implementation of machine learning methods combination for improving attacks detection accuracy on Intrusion Detection System (IDS),\" in Quality in Research (QiR), 2015 International Conference on, 2015, pp. 56-64: IEEE.\n R. K. Sharma, H. K. Kalita, and P. Borah, \"Analysis of machine learning techniques based intrusion detection systems,\" in Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computing, Networking and Informatics, 2016, pp. 485-493: Springer.\n Q. Yang, H. Fu, and T. Zhu, \"An Optimization Method for Parameters of SVM in Network Intrusion Detection System,\" in Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS), 2016 International Conference on, 2016, pp. 136-142: IEEE.\n R. Kaur and M. Bansal, \"Multidimensional attacks classification based on genetic algorithm and SVM,\" in Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT), 2016 2nd International Conference on, 2016, pp. 561-565: IEEE.\n A. Nema, B. Tiwari, and V. Tiwari, \"Improving Accuracy for Intrusion Detection through Layered Approach Using Support Vector Machine with Feature Reduction,\" in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Women in Research 2016, 2016, pp. 26-31: ACM.\n H. Gharaee and H. Hosseinvand, \"A new feature selection IDS based on genetic algorithm and SVM,\" in Telecommunications (IST), 2016 8th International Symposium on, 2016, pp. 139-144: IEEE.\n H. Gharaee and M. Fekri, \"A New Feature Selection For Intrusion Detection System,\" International Journal of Academic Research, vol. 7, 2015.\n R. R. Reddy, Y. Ramadevi, and K. N. Sunitha, \"Effective discriminant function for intrusion detection using SVM,\" in Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2016 International Conference on, 2016, pp. 1148-1153: IEEE.\n P. Nskh, M. N. Varma, and R. R. Naik, \"Principle component analysis based intrusion detection system using support vector machine,\" in Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), IEEE International Conference on, 2016, pp. 1344-1350: IEEE.\n P. Wang, K.-M. Chao, H.-C. Lin, W.-H. Lin, and C.-C. Lo, \"An Efficient Flow Control Approach for SDN-Based Network Threat Detection and Migration Using Support Vector Machine,\" in e-Business Engineering (ICEBE), 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on, 2016, pp. 56-63: IEEE.\n F. Amiri, M. R. Yousefi, C. Lucas, A. Shakery, and N. Yazdani, \"Mutual information-based feature selection for intrusion detection systems,\" Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1184-1199, 2011.\n T. Mehmood and H. B. M. Rais, \"SVM for network anomaly detection using ACO feature subset,\" in Mathematical Sciences and Computing Research (iSMSC), International Symposium on, 2015, pp. 121-126: IEEE.\n A. D. Landress, \"A hybrid approach to reducing the false positive rate in unsupervised machine learning intrusion detection,\" in SoutheastCon, 2016, 2016, pp. 1-6: IEEE.\n L. Rokach and O. Maimon, \"Data Mining With Decision Trees: Theory and Applications,\" 2014.\n L. Li Zhong, Z. Ya Ming, and Z. Yu Bin, \"Network intrusion detection method by least squares support vector machine classifier,\" in Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), Chengdu 2010.\n L. L. Zhong, Z. Y. Ming, and Z. Y. Bin, \"Network intrusion detection method by least squares support vector machine classifier,\" in Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on, 2010, vol. 2, pp. 295-297: IEEE.\n M. Kuhn and K. Johnson, Applied predictive modeling. Springer, 2013.\n T. Janarthanan and S. Zargari, \"Feature selection in UNSW-NB15 and KDDCUP'99 datasets,\" in Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2017 IEEE 26th International Symposium on, 2017, pp. 1881-1886: IEEE.\n N. Moustafa and J. Slay, \"The significant features of the UNSW-NB15 and the KDD99 data sets for Network Intrusion Detection Systems,\" in Building Analysis Datasets and Gathering Experience Returns for Security (BADGERS), 2015 4th International Workshop on, 2015, pp. 25-31: IEEE.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "On this day in 1684, a Monday, Captain Thomas Bowrey left Fort St George (Madras) for Porto Novo (Parangipettai). Today’s journey is different because, rather than travelling by sea, along the coast, this was overland whist Bowrey’s Borneo Merchant was riding out the monsoon in the Ennore Creek (a Madras backwater).\nFor some unknown reason, Bowrey wrote a detailed account of this journey. Other than that of his six-week tour of Holland and Flanders fourteen years later, this is the only diary Bowrey appears to have kept. Certainly, it is the only survival. The paper on which the account is written has a large piece missing from the right-hand corner but, unexpectedly, this damage occurred before Bowrey wrote on it. None of the text is missing.\nThe journey took under five days, starting at 09:30 pm and ending at 01:00 pm on Friday 12 December, during which Bowrey was carried in a palanquin by four or six Coolies sometimes up to their thighs in water. Strangely, he described the food eaten by his men but not what he ate during the journey. They rested once at a large stone Choultry (guesthouse) attached to the Bhoomeshwarar Temple close to the coastal town of Marakkananam and another time at the English factory at Koonimedu. Otherwise they slept out in the open together during the day and travelled in the late afternoon and overnight.\nThe total length of the journey was about 140 miles. The terrain varied between good dry ground, paddy (rice) fields, marshy ground and salt ponds. They crossed numerous rivers, some only knee deep but others as high as their navels.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Explore the Region\n- 20 Things Coal Region Folks Know to Be True\n- Wikipedia’s Entry on the Coal Region\n- Coal Region Dialect\n- CoalSpeak: Dictionary of the Coal Region\n- Coal Region Towns and Patches\n- Famous Coal Crackers\n- 10 Favorite Coal Region Foods\n- Who Are These People?\nPennsylvania Anthracite Fields\nThe Anthracite Coal Region of Northeastern Pennsylvania encompasses six counties in Pennsylvania: Carbon, Columbia, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Northumberland, and Schuylkill (a small portion of Dauphin County also contained coal). This region contains the only reserves of United States’ anthracite coal, which was heavily mined throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries.\nThe industrial, institutional, and practical modernization of the United States was contingent on the labor and the lives both lived and lost in the Anthracite Coal Region.\nOriginally inhabited by the Delaware and Susquehannock nations, the first anthracite coal was discovered in the mid-18th century and the first mine established in 1775 near Pittston, Pennsylvania. By the 1820s, coal was being shipped in large quantities out of the region. The population rapidly grew following the American Civil War, with the expansion of the mining and railroad industries.\nEnglish, Welsh, Irish and German immigrants formed a large portion of this increase, followed by Polish, Slovak, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Italian, Russian and Lithuanian immigrants. The influence of these immigrant populations is still strongly felt in the region, with various towns possessing pronounced ethnic characters and cuisine.\nThe anthracite mining industry loomed over the region until its decline in the 1950s. Strip mines and fires, most notably in Centralia remain visible. Several violent incidences in the history of the U.S. labor movement occurred within the coal region as this was the location of the Lattimer Massacre and the home of the Molly Maguires.1\n1 Penn State University Libraries", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Policymakers have been arguing about what’s causing the increasing violence in Iraq. Some say it’s the chaos in Syria which has given the Sunni rebel group ISIS (the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, alternatively known as ISIL) access to weaponry and a safe haven from which to organize attacks. Others argue that it was the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq that has allowed a resurgent violent Sunni movement to take hold. Others claim that this latest war is simply the continuation of the age-old religious divide between Sunnis and Shiites. Still others argue that the war is really just about control of oil rich land.\nAll of these explanations miss the critical variable driving violence. Violence in Iraq is not the result of the war in Syria, or the absence of American troops, or Sunni-Shiite hatred, or oil. It’s the result of a political system dominated by one group in society to the exclusion and detriment of another. To put it bluntly: the war in Iraq is all about Iraq’s lousy political system.\nIt is no surprise to anyone who has studied civil wars that Iraqi Sunnis have started a civil war. There are three robust findings in the civil war literature that strongly predicted this. In a study of all politically relevant ethnic groups from 1946-2005, Cederman, Wimmer and Min found that “large ethnic groups that are excluded from state power or underrepresented in government are much more likely to challenge the regime’s insiders through violent means.” They also found the “a loss of power in recent history or previous conflict further increases the likelihood of armed conflict.” This is exactly what happened to Iraqi Sunnis. When the United States set up the first post-Saddam Hussein government the intention was to share power between the more numerous Shiites and less numerous Sunnis. This did not happen. Instead, Shiites under Prime Minister al-Maliki have consolidated political control, essentially shutting out everyone else. This loss of political power (without any hope of gaining it in the future) created strong incentives for Sunnis to fight a system that offers no protection from exploitation now and in the future. Add to this the fact that the Shiites inhabit oil rich land (while the Sunnis do not) and this creates a situation where the Sunnis have strong incentives to fight now for complete control of government before the Shiites become even stronger.\nThe third finding in the civil war literature has to do with bad governance and repeat civil war. One of the best predictors of whether a country will experience repeat civil war is the degree to which its leaders are institutionally constrained. The greater the rule of law and the more constraints on political elites, the less likely the opposition is to rebel. These conditions do not exist in Iraq today. The current government of al-Maliki is weak, corrupt and determined not to share power with the Sunnis. The result? Sunnis have strong incentive to fight, and many in ISIS-controlled areas have no love for the Baghdad government.\nSo what is the US to do? The key to preventing a long and bloody war in Iraq is to create disincentives for Sunnis to fight for complete control over the government. This may not be as hard as it sounds. True, the Sunnis’ number one goal is to regain full control over the government — but Sunnis understand that this is risky and costly. Their second best solution would be to gain a significant voice in government such that Sunnis could ensure that they will not be exploited by the demographically larger Shiite population. This will require a negotiated settlement with al-Maliki and his government that offers real power-sharing guarantees to the Sunni population. A negotiated settlement with moderate Sunnis has the added benefit of undercutting their support for more extreme elements. Studies by Walter 1997 and Harzell and Hodie 2003 have found that civil war combatants are significantly more likely to sign and implement peace settlements that include specific power-sharing guarantees.\nBut how do you convince al-Maliki to share power when he has shown no inclination to do so to date? As Marc Lynch wrote yesterday, al-Maliki has been urged to build a political accord for a half-decade, but has not done so. The key, I believe, is to make any aid or assistance to him contingent on good behavior. Once it is clear to al-Maliki that he and his army cannot defeat the Sunnis, it will also become clear to him that a deal is his best option.\nThere is one silver lining in this situation. The fact that the Shiites are demographically and economically stronger while the Sunnis are militarily more robust give us hope that the two sides enjoy a balance that will allow them to enforce the deal over time.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Music of Bangladesh\nSome of the most talented classical musicians of the sub-continent come from Bangladesh including Status Alluding Khan, Synthetically Trapped Corroboratory, Bandit Rave Shank, Bandit Mans Corroboratory, Status Ate All Khan, Status Abed Hosing Khan and so on.  Rabin gangues Main article: Rabin Gangues Rabin gangues origins from the works of Arbitrating Étagère Rabin gangues is one of the best-known genres of Bengali music outside Bengal. Its origin is found in the work the poet Arbitrating Étagère. Edit] Unusual Gangues Unusual Gangues origins from the works of Kaki Unusual Islam Unusual Gangues, literally meaning “music of Unusual”, are the works of Kaki Unusual Islam, Some 4,000 Songs composed by the national poet of Bangladesh and active revolutionary during Indian independence movement. Unusual Gangues incorporate revolutionary notions as well as more spiritual and philosophical themes. Islam used his music as a major way of disseminating his revolutionary notions, mainly by the use of strong words and powerful but catchy tunes.\nIslam also incorporated influences from Western India.He played an active role in carrying out a fusion between Western Indian galahs and traditional Bengali classical music. Galahs are poems in Urdu presented with a semi-classical tune, popular in Western India. ) Unusual gets that do not incorporate themes of protest essentially form what is now called Bengali glaze. The music involves variation on ragas (modes) along with complicated timing based almost entirely on vocal work and complex structure. Due to Salami’s dedicated nature and lifestyle, Unusual get was not mainstream for a very long time (and possibly still is not as commercially promoted as Rabin gangues).Bangladesh singer Affair Begum played a very big role in popularizing Unusual get in both Bangladesh and West Bengal.\nShoran Hosing, Ferrous Era, Shabby Mustard, also played a crucial role in making Unusual get mainstream.  Folk Bengali folk music has a long history. Several people contributed to what has become one of the most important musical influences in lives of Bengali on both sides of the (West Bengal-Bangladesh) border. Among these are L alone Fakir, Has Raja and Rammers Shill. Bass Duding was a key player in popularizing folk music later on. Painting depicting Has Raja.Folk music can clearly be distinguished and classified into several sub-genres: * Ball: mainly inspired by Allan Fakir and his Suffix way of living and almost exclusively performed by hermits who have adopted such (Suffix) life style Bandier: devotional music from the South (mainly Chitchatting) * Battista: music of fishermen and boatman, almost always tied by a common raga (mode), sung solo * Byway: song of bullock-cart drivers of the North (Ranging) * Grain get: tradition song from the North (Ranging) * Gambia: song (originating in Chap Nabbing, in the North) performed with a particular distinctive rhythm and dance with two performers, always personifying a man and his grand father, discussing a topic to raise social awareness * Has Raja: devotional songs written by USIA composer Has Raja (from Sylphs near Assam) that was recently repopulated as popular dance music Ajar: song that involves musical battle between two groups * Extra Pal: songs associated exclusively with plays (performed on-stage) that usually always involve historical themes presented in a very colorful way * Certain: devotional song depicting love of * Pal: songs from the Hindu god Krishna and his (best-known) wife, Radar hoar (lake) area in Sylphs, Koshering, and Undertone usually performed on stage live by folk singers * Kobo Egan: poems sung with simple music usually resented on stage as a musical battle between poets * Allan: best known of all folk songs and the most import sub-genre of Ball songs, almost entirely attribute to spiritual writer and composer, Allan Fakir of Austria (Western Bangladesh, near the border with West Bengal) * Murmurs: Islamic songs of devotion of the Isaiah groups based mainly on Western influences * Shari: song of boatmen sung in group to match the beat of the oar movement * Opacity: songs of the minor ethnic groups – worth noting this is not really a classification since songs of these ethnic groups (of which there are at least 3 different group AS) vary widely and have very distinct and intriguing characteristics * Lotto’s song: songs from Enmeshing (North of Dacha) that also allegedly influenced Unusual get * Wedding songs: sung all over Bangladesh but always tied by similar tunes and by, obviously, a common theme, marriage Of these several groups, Ball song is best known and was further enriched by works of Allan.\nAll folk songs are characterized by simple musical structure and words. Before advent of radio, stage performances of folk singers used to be possibly the only entertainment for the vast rural population of Bengal.After arrival of new communication and digital media, many of the folk songs were modernized and incorporated into modern songs (Addenda songfest).  Ball Main article: Ball Ball has been such a huge influence in Bangladesh music that it deserves being called a genre on its own. However, although Ball get can be characterized by particular nature of music and presentation, in general, the genre is actually also defined by a definite cult. In order to understand Ball get, it is necessary to understand its creators. Ball is almost exclusively performed by Balls (hermits) who are followers of Suffix in Bangladesh.\nNote that traditionally balls were Hindus; Suffix was started following the lifestyle of L alone Shah. In Bangladesh, in the early days of Balls who claimed to be Muslims, with greater focus on love of the society and harmony with nature, ball get had to go through a major struggle of survival as did the Balls themselves. Balls were subjected to harsh teasing and isolation. However, with time, Psalmists were forced by the general population to accept the Balls and their spiritual music as part of the society. Current day Balls in Bangladesh are Suffix. Most live simple lives on an absolute minimum, earned mainly from performing their music. Ball songs always incorporate simple words expressing songs with deeper meanings involving Creation, society, lifestyle and human emotions.\nThe songs are performed with very little musical support to the main carrier, the vocal.Balls, bohemian by nature and belief, leave on grand expeditions, writing and performing music on their entire trip to earn living and disseminate notion of love and spirituality. Cetera (literally, the one-string), Dotard (literally, the јo-strings), baa(n)shih (flute made from bamboo shoot)) and cymbals are used in the presentation of Ball get. Although, in recent days, Ball get has lost popularity mainly due to disruption of the lifestyle of the balls by arbitration and westernizes, the songs have permanently altered Bengali music, especially in the form of Allan get. Ball songs were hugely promoted by Fakir Laming and Offer Shahs in Bangladesh. Edit] L alone Allan get is the work of composer and philosopher, Allan Shah (also known as Allan Fakir). Most of his songs are extensions of Ball get.\nHowever, his songs are always more philosophical in nature, involving greater thought about abstract themes. L alone get originated in Skittish and has been popularized throughout the two Bengali (West Bengal and Bangladesh) by various artists. Among the proponents of L alone get, Farina Prepare is particularly worth mentioning for her extensive work in modernizing tunes.  Addenda Addenda songfest literally means “modern songs”. Although, to outsiders, this may seem an extremely ambiguous way of nomenclature, it has particular motivations.Bengali music traditionally has been classified mainly by the region of origin and the creators of the musical genre, such as Anza lull get (written and composed by Kaki Unusual Islam), chambray (unique to a specific area in Bangladesh), etc. However, this prevented the ability to classify any music that failed to fit into any of the classes.\nIn the period just before Indian independence (Bengal, under British rule, was a part of one massive India that does not exactly correspond to the India of current day), several new minor musical groups emerged, mainly as playback songs for movies. These songs failed to fit into any particular genre, but seemed to be tied together by common theme of “music for the masses”.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Traffic accidents are a major cause of fatalities worldwide. It is estimated that more than 1 million people are killed and 50 million are injured in the world every year as a result of road crashes. These accidents bear heavy economic burden, including hospitalization expenses and loss due to property damages. Recently, it was estimated that the economic burden of traffic accidents amounts, on average, to 2% of the world GDP.\nAutomotive manufacturers, companies in the private market and academic institutes keep investing many resources into research and development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). These systems are primarily aimed at saving the lives of both drivers and pedestrians by warning the driver before critical situations or – when crashes are inevitable – by preparing the car to minimize their consequences. ADAS solutions combine several sensory inputs coming from sensors mounted on the car and process them in real-time. Among the most frequent sensory input, one finds LIDAR (Light detection and ranging) and cameras.\nThe richness of visual sensory information has motivated the implementation of vision-based ADAS algorithms. Vision-based systems can be found operating with the task of preventing lane departure, detecting traffic signs and adapting the car to the type of road being driven on.\nVision-based detection and localization are challenging tasks in the highly dynamic driving environment. Owing to the large variability of car shapes and the environmental conditions (e.g. visibility and weather), algorithms constructed for vehicle localization must operate fast, filtering out non-relevant objects and diverting processing time only to the relevant ones.\nFor the most part, cars are restricted to driving in lanes and any deviation from them should ignite a warning signal. Therefore, the most attractive scientific approach suggests to initially detect lanes, the geometrical complexity of which is several orders of magnitude lower than cars; and after that to detect objects within them. However, this task carries with itself several challenges, primarily due to partial occlusion by nearby cars and obstacles, noise and poor illumination. Difficulties can be circumvented by using a top bottom approach where a lane model is fitted to the visual information collected about the road (based on edges or features extraction). Statistical approaches (like RANSAC – RANdom SAmple Consensus), coupled with imposing continuity of the road, can make the model detection robust.\nDetection and tracking of the lane can then be used to restrict the region of interest in which cars are detected and tracked. Detection of cars is carried using a trained classifier, distinguishing cars from non-cars object (e.g. their shadows). The temporal information gathered from several successive frames of successful car detections can be used to the purpose of 3D positioning of the detected vehicle.\nThe use of temporal information in the tracking procedure is critical for higher level processing such as drivers’ intention prediction. The relative speed and position of the detected car put in the right contextual information (urban vs rural driving, time of day, number of lanes, density of cars, etc.) is processed by vehicle localization algorithms employing motion prediction. One such common choice is the use of Kalman filter to predict the trajectory of detected cars based on the information gathered on it so far.\nThe decision taken by the ADAS system in light of the information passed to it can save lives. It is therefore imperative to construct algorithms maintaining the highest quality of vehicle detection and tracking. RSIP Vision and its engineers follow the highest quality standards: our high-end custom-made software systems have been successfully integrated into many modules and solutions around the world. Read more to learn how RSIP Vision can help you with the stringent performance requirements of ADAS.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Once upon a time there lived a big bad Wolf. He was always hungry, always searching in the forest for little girls or pigs. There had only been one person to escape the wolf; she was the little Red Riding Hood. Ever since she had escaped the wolf with the help of the lumberjack, she always tried to help possible victims of the bad wolf. Soon after the incident with the wolf the Little Red Riding Hood came upon three little pigs who were building their houses. The first little pig was starting to build his house out of straw, the second little pig was starting build his house out sticks, and the third pig was building his house out bricks. Repetitive The little Red Riding Hood knew that they were trying to build shelter from the wolf. She noticed that the first two houses where too flimsy to stand up to the breath of the wolf. The Little Red Riding Hood , decided to help them because they were potential victims of the wolf and she had promised herself, to help any easy prey of the scary animal no matter the shape or size. She went up to them and introduced herself:\n“Hello I’m the Little red riding hood,” she explained.\n“Ohh, hello there we were just building our new houses, you see!” the first pig said said eagerly.\n“Do you know who I am?” she asked.\n“Well of course, you just told me genius, you’re the Little Red Riding Hood, ” the first little pig said spiritedly.\nAfter introducing herself, the Little Red Riding Hood explained that she is the only person to have escaped the big bad wolf, and tried to get the pigs to trust her advice. She told the first two pigs that their houses where too flimsy and that the wolf could very easily blow them to pieces. She said that they should probably build their house out of stronger material like their brother. The Little Red Riding Hood saw that the sun was starting to come down, and remembered that her mother told her to be back before sundown. She quickly said goodbye to the three little pigs and rushed home.\nThe next morning the Little Red Riding Hood swiftly made her way to the three little pigs’s houses only to discover that there was only one house standing. She rushed in the house holding a stick, because the big bad wolf had clearly come. She entered the brick house and saw the three pigs having soup with the wolf. She was no longer the only one to have escaped The Big Bad Wolf.\nAuthor Notes: Hi really hope you enjoyed this story (Fairy Tale). Don't hesitate to leave a review if you have the time.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "One genetic evaluation suggests reptilian reservoir — however researchers doubt that the coronavirus may have originated in animals apart from birds or mammals.\nTypes of Snakes\nMany banded krait Bungarus multicinctus.\nA workforce of researchers pointed to the many-banded krait snake as one doable supply of the coronavirus that originated in Asia.Credit score: Alamy\nAs human circumstances rise in a mysterious viral outbreak that originated in China, scientists are speeding to determine the animals, the place they think the epidemic started. In a controversial research printed final night time, a workforce of researchers in China claimed to have a solution: snakes.Types of Snakes\nHowever different scientists say there is no such thing as a proof that viruses equivalent to these behind the outbreak can infect species apart from mammals and birds. “Nothing helps snakes being concerned,” says David Robertson, a virologist on the College of Glasgow, UK.\nThe pathogen liable for the outbreak belongs to a big household known as coronaviruses, which incorporates the viruses that trigger extreme acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Center East respiratory syndrome (MERS), in addition to these behind the frequent chilly. The newest virus — at present referred to as 2019-nCoV — is most carefully associated to SARS and associated viruses that flow into in bats. However these also can infect different animals that may move the virus to people. Many scientists suspect that an unknown animal carrying 2019-nCoV unfold the virus to people at a stay seafood and wild animal market in Wuhan, the place the primary circumstances had been documented in December.\n“The intermediate host is the lacking piece of the puzzle: how have all these individuals obtained contaminated?” says Robertson.\nHedgehogs, chickens and bats\nA workforce led by Wei Ji, a microbiologist at Peking College Well being Science Middle College of Primary Medical Sciences in Beijing, seemed for an indication that 2019-nCoV had tailored to any particular animal host.\nMost amino acids are encoded by a number of codons — sequences of three DNA or RNA nucleotide triplets that encode amino acids. A technique that viruses adapt is by encoding proteins utilizing the identical selection of codons as their host. Wei’s workforce in contrast the codons favoured by 2019-nCoV with these most well-liked by potential hosts together with hedgehogs, pangolins, bats, chickens, people and snakes.\nWei’s workforce has not but responded to e-mails from Nature’s information workforce searching for touch upon the paper and the criticism it has obtained.\nMany researchers are sceptical that the animal host or hosts of 2019-nCoV will be recognized with out additional area and laboratory work. Many hope that genetic checks of animals or environmental sources, equivalent to cages and containers, from the Wuhan market will flip up clues.\nA mammal is the almost definitely candidate, says Cui Jie, a virologist on the Pasteur Institute of Shanghai who was a part of a workforce that recognized SARS-related viruses in bats from a collapse Yunnan province in southwestern China in 20172. SARS and 2019-nCoV are a part of a virus subgroup referred to as betacoronaviruses. Fieldwork within the wake of the 2002–03 SARS outbreak has discovered such viruses solely in mammals, Cui says. “Clearly this 2019-nCoV is a mammalian virus.”\nA topic about Corona virus for interest only", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What do you do when you have drawn lots for the words “train” and “feather”? How can they inspire us to write a fabulous story? With her book Le train de trois heures, author Jennifer Tremblay introduces young people to writing.\nThe three-hour train presents an original and different concept. Where did you get the idea?\nFor a few years, I have been giving writing workshops. I worked a lot with the Grammar of the imaginationby Gianni Rodari with adults wishing to write texts for children. I was on vacation and while walking by the water, I imagined myself starting a book by talking to a young reader, as if I were talking to him. But I would have to tell him a story, because if you open a book, it's to be told a story! One thing leading to another, my book became a writing workshop, but also a tribute to reading and culture.\nHave you played the game of spontaneous creation yourself?\nI tried to make it as authentic as possible, that is to say that I wrote without knowing where I was going. So, the story of the end, I did not know it. I was looking for something unexpected… I wanted to mark the evolution in the mind of the author; how far, far, far a story can be pushed.\nSo you really describe this book as a writing workshop?\nThe book is “unclassifiable”. Some told me it was a trial for children and I think it makes sense! It is rare, a test for children. You could also say it's a writing guide… But it sure isn't a novel!\nDo you really have an envelope with 43 words written on scraps of paper to draw from?\nYes. There are no lies in the book! I use this envelope in the writing workshops that I present. I have very positive feedback on my book. Adults say to me, “Wow, reading this book, I learned as much as if I were a child, I think! Then, sometimes it's laborious in class for teachers to give children a taste for writing. This word picking thing is really becoming like a game!\nDescribe The Three Hour Train in three words.\nIn fact, I would say that it is the story of a story being written. I like to say that, because there is the word “train” in it (laughs)! It is an apology for creativity, for the capacity of the human brain to invent ad infinitum. We forget that we have this ability. We forget that without our imagination, we go nowhere. This is why it is very important to let children express their imagination and exploit it. Give them opportunities to develop it. It's fundamental… and that's more than three words!\nKatrine Johns has been a reporter on the news desk since 2013. Before that she wrote about young adolescence and family dynamics for Styles and was the legal affairs correspondent for the Metro desk. Before joining The Gal Post, Katrine Johns worked as a staff writer at the Village Voice and a freelancer for Newsday, The Wall Street Journal, GQ and Mirabella. To get in touch, contact me through my firstname.lastname@example.org 1-800-268-7128", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In many practical situations, we do not have enough observations to uniquely determine the corresponding probability distribution, we only have enough observations to estimate two parameters of this distribution. In such cases, the traditional statistical approach is to estimate the mean and the standard deviation. Alternatively, we can estimate the two bounds that form the range of the corresponding variable and thus, generate an interval. Which of these two approaches should we select? A natural idea is to select the most informative approach, i.e., an approach in which we need the smallest amount of additional information (in Shannon's sense) to obtain the full information about the situation. In this paper, we follow this idea and come up with the following conclusion: in practical situations in which a 95% confidence level is sufficient, interval bounds are more informative; however, in situations in which we need higher confidence, the moments approach is more informative.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Polluting The Water Facts, Effects of Water Contaminations\nDo you aware what’s the reason for polluting the water? How is the water being polluted? Water can be contaminated various ways. It means that one or more substance has built up to such an extent which causes problems for humans as well as animals.\nLakes, oceans, rivers and other inland water may be cleaned up a particular amount of water by dispersing it harmlessly. If you pour a cup of black ink into a river, the ink disappeared for the great volume of water in the ocean.\nStill, then the ink will remain there, but contramination is very low which you cannot see. The chemicals in such ink would not create any problem. If you pour gallons of ink in a river within few seconds by a pipe, the river turns into black rapidly.\nThe chemical has a great effect on the water within a short period. It also affects the health of the animals, plants, and humans who are dependent on rivers.\nThus, water pollution is all about quantities: So how much of polluting substance is given or how much big volume of water is released into.\nA little amount of chemical has little impact on water, but a small quantity of toxic chemical have great impact pumped into a river and lake, where less clean water to disperse it.\nWhat is Water Pollution?\nPeople say another name of water is life. This is really true. About 70% of the water of the earth is covered with water. Surely this is the greatest resources.\nAs a student, you have to know the various types of conserve water. Water is greatly used in human processes and chores. This is very important for both industrial and domestic purposes.\nWe fail to pass a single day without water. If we closely notice the resources of water, it gives us a shock.\nOur sources of water are being infested with waste coming out from floating plastic bags or from chemical waste.\nThe contamination of water resources is known as water pollution. So the abuse of ponds, lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and oceans is water pollution.\nThe discharge of pollutants is responsible for water pollution. It may be direct or indirect.\nWater pollution is a significant concern in the whole world. This is a very appealing problem. Pollution is powerful enough to lead the world to the way of destruction. All pollutants dissolve in water.\nSo it is polluting severely every day. Vegetation and organisms which survive in the water like amphibians are severely affected by water pollution. Many people face death from water pollution or consumption of water.\nIn 2008 nearly 1000 children died in India from diarrheal sickness for consuming polluted water. This number has increased rapidly in the last five years.\nIt is true that human-made and natural activities mainly pollute water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, Tsunamis etc. are indicated as alter water and contaminate it. It also affects the ecosystem which remains under water.\nWhat are the effects of water pollution?\nSome people trust that water pollution is inescapable result of people’s activities. They show logic that there is no way to avoid water pollution if we use cars, oil, ships, cities, factories and coastal resorts.\nSome levels of water pollution are must for such factors. In another way, pollution is must and people have to put up with it if they want to progress. Luckily all people don’t agree with this view.\nPeople have woken up the problem of pollution which brings of their costs. Many economic benefits come out of pollution.\nSuppose, think about oil spills. This happens when tankers are made very poorly to ply on the sea. When an accident happens, oils seep from the tankers and mixes with water.\nSometimes oil washes up on closely nearby beaches. It devastates the ecosystem and affects tourism. People who bear the cost of the spill aren’t responsible for this activity for the first time.\nEveryone who puts gasoline into a car or uses any petroleum-fueled transport- add this problem. Therefore oil spill is a problem for everyone. It is a problem for people who live near the coast and tanker operates.\nSewage water is another example by which people can affect more. Sewage discharge in coastal water may wash up on beaches and create a health hazard.\nPeople bath and surf in water and fall ill when they swallow contaminated water. There are other harmful effects of sewage water.\nThis water poisons shellfish which grow close to the shore. People who eat this shellfish suffer from paralytic shellfish poisoning.\nIt is forbidden to catch shellfish in many seashores for severely polluted with the toxic chemical or sewage wastes that are discharged from strictly land.\nPeople live in an environment. But this environment is polluted in many ways. So pollution is a matter for people. The environment isn’t far from our lives.\nThe surrounding is the only thing which surrounds us and ensures health for us. Destruction of environment eventually reduces the standard of own lives. So prevention of pollution provides a right situation for us all.\nSources of Water Pollution\nThere are many types of water pollutions. The primary 2 sources of water pollutions are Point and Non-Point.\nThe point means the pollutant which remains within a single source. Emission from factories is an example of the point.\nOn the other way, Non-Point means pollutant emitted from lots of sources. After the rain, contaminated water travels through different regions. It may be known as a Non-Point source of pollution.\nWhat are the causes of water pollution?\nMillions of people on the planet think that disposing of sewage waste is a great problem. This is the statistic of the World Health Organization that about 780 million people have no chance to drink safe water.\nAbout 2.5 billion people do not have well sanitation management. Though there have been lots of improvements in securing access to clean water. In the last decades, little improvement has been seen in the sanitation sectors.\nSewage disposal affects the environment of people and causes water-related diseases like diarrhea. It kills 760000 children under five every year. In the developed countries people use flush toilets which carry sewage waste hygienically and rapidly away from the homes.\nIn theory, sewage is completely natural substance which must be broken down without any harm to the environment. Ninety percent of sewage is water. In sewage, there are various kinds of chemicals.\nPeople collect plastic, paper, and some other wastes from the pharmaceuticals. If people become sick with viruses, the sewage they make carries the viruses for the environment. It may catch illness like typhoid, hepatitis, and cholera from sea and river water.\nOnly a few statistics explain the scale of the problem which comes from wastewater. Almost half of the oceans are polluted mainly by wastewater and sewage.\nThe world produces five to ten billion tons of industrial waste every year most of which are thrown into oceans, rivers, and other waterways. In the US around 4000,000 factories take clean water from rivers.\nRecently a great improvement occurs in wastewater treatment. Since 1970, in the US, the Environmental Protection Agency EPA has invested about seventy billion to improve water treatment plants in 2015 serve around 88% of US population. Another 271 billion still need an upgrade as well as update the system.\nFactories are the important points of water pollution. But it is true that ordinary people pollute a lot of water from nonpoint sources. By this way, normal water becomes polluted water in the first place.\nEveryone pours chemical in the toilets or the drain. Besides, washing machine and dishwashers pollute our oceans and rivers. We also use pesticides in our garden.\nFrom highway run off a great amount of toxic pollution enters the water. Normally highways are covered with toxic chemicals and cocktail. Everything from brake fluids and spilled fuel worn tires and exhaust emission.\nWhen it rains they get mixed with rivers and drains. Heavy rains summer storm brings this chemical into rivers and ponds. So a huge amount of fish faces death overnight.\nSome highway runoff goes into the drain and other pollute groundwater or accumulates in the land next to the road, makes it very toxic as the year passes by.\nDetergents are mild substance. If you see it from the other angle, you will see opposite result. The opposite side of the spectrum is very poisonous chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls.\nOnce they are greatly used to manufacture electronic circuit boards. Now people know the harmful effects of it. So it is prohibited to use in many countries of the world.\nAn estimated half million tons of PCBs are discharged into the environment during the twentieth century. They are brought there by the oceans, thousands of miles far from where they entered the environment.\nThough the PCBs are elaborately banned, the effects remain for decades as they remain in the environment for a long time except breaking down.\nAnother type of pollution may occur for some heavy metals like mercury, lead, and cadmium. Once the lead is used in gasoline for some restricted countries in the world. Cadmium and Mercury are still using to make batteries.\nIn the present days, a highly toxic chemical named tributyltin is being used to save the boats from ravaging effects of the ocean. Ironically, TBT is known as a pollutant: people are using this to save the boat from damage, but they are polluting the water in the sea.\nThe historic heavy metal pollution happens in the ocean in 1938 when a Japanese factory emitted a great amount of mercury metal to Minamata Bay, having the fish stocks there.\nMany people ate the fish and became poisoned around 2000. Hundreds of people became dead and were disable also many.\nPeople become aware of radioactive waste with more alarm- for many good reasons. Having high concentration it may kill, but with a lower concentration, it may cause cancers and some other illnesses.\nThere are two factories in Europe which are the biggest sources of radioactive pollution. They reprocess the waste fuel from the nuclear power plants: Cap La Hague to the north coast of France and Sellafield to the North West coast of Britain. Both of them discharge radioactive wastewater into the sea. The ocean currents carry it around the whole world.\nA country like Norway that is situated in downstream of Britain gets good doses of radioactive pollution from Sellafield.\nThe government of this country complains again and again that Sellafield increases the radiation level along the coast by six to ten times. Both Norwegian and Irish governments are going on to press for the plant’s closure.\nIf you think about ocean pollution, great black oil slicks spring to your mind. The spectacular accidents represent a small fraction of all the pollution going into the oceans.\nThinking oil by itself, tanker spill is not very important as they seem to. Only twelve percent of oil which enters into the ocean comes from tanker accident.\nOther 70% of pollution occurs for pouring down drains on land and from routine shipping. What makes tanker spills very destructive is the sheer quantity of oil comes from the concentration of oil they produce in 1 much-localized part of the marine environment.\nThe biggest oil spill happens in the recent years when the tanker Exxon Valdez breaks up in Prince William Sound in Alaska in 1989. About twelve million gallons of oil are releasing into pristine wilderness.\nIt is sufficient to fill your dwelling rooms 800 times more. It is thought that marine animals are killed in the spill from about 1000 sea otters and 34 thousand birds to as many as 2800 sea otters and 250000 seabirds. Several billions of herring eggs and salmon are believed to face the destruction.\nAs you have taken part in community bleach cleaning, you know well that plastic is the common element that washes up with the waves. It has three reasons: plastic is the very common material used to make most all kinds of manufactured objects from clothing to the parts of automobiles.\nIt floats easily and very light, so easy to travel enormous distance across the oceans. Maximum plastics are not biodegradable meaning that plastic can survive in the marine environment for a long time. Plastic can survive for up to 400 years, and the plastic fishing line may long for up to 600 years.\nPlastics are not so poisonous to the toxic chemicals they do not create a major hazard for fish, seabirds, and other marine creatures. Suppose plastic fishing line, as well as other debris, may strangle or choke fish.\nIt is true that about half of the world’s seabird species are likely known to eat plastic residues. A study has done on 450 shearwaters in the North Pacific which indicated that about eighty percent of the birds are found to have plastic residues in their stomachs.\nAt the beginning of the 1990s, marine scientist Tim Benton gathered debris from two km length of the beach to the isolated Pitcairn Islands in the South Pacific.\nHis study gathered about one thousands of pieces of garbage having 268 pieces of plastic, seventy-one plastic bottles and two dolls heads.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Pneumatic time delay valves (Figure 4.28) are used to delay operations where time-based sequences are required. Figure 4.28a shows construction of a typical valve. This is similar in construction to a 3/2 way pilot-operated valve, but the space above the main valve is comparatively large and pilot air is only allowed in via a flow reducing needle valve. There is thus a time delay between application of pilot pressure to port Z and the valve operation, as shown by the timing diagram in Figure 4.28b. The time delay is adjusted by the needle valve setting.\nThe built-in check valve causes the reservoir space above the valve to vent quickly when pressure at Z is removed to give no delay off.\nThe valve shown in Figure 4.28 is a normally-closed delay-on valve. Many other time delay valves (delay-off, delay on/off, normally- open) can be obtained. All use the basic principle of the air reservoir and needle valve.\nThe symbol of a normally-dosed time delay valve is shown in Figure 4.28c.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Bone Cancer Treatment\nBone Cancer starts in the bone cells and common symptoms include pain in a particular area, which is often worse at night. Primary Cancers of the bones account for less than 0.2% of all Cancers. In adults, over 40% of primary bone cancers are chondrosarcomas; followed by osteosarcomas (28%), chordomas (10%), Ewing sarcoma (8%) & malignant fibrous histiocytoma/fibrosarcomas (4%). The remaining cases are several rare types. In children & teenagers, osteosarcoma (56%) and Ewing tumours (34%) are much more common than chondrosarcoma (6%). Bone cancer treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and proton beam therapy. Get verified second opinions from OncoConnect’s curated list of international Oncologists.\nAbout Bone Cancer Treatment\nPrimary bone cancer starts in the cells of the bone; where bone cells become cancerous. Bone cancer treatment depends upon stage at which it is diagnosed and what cancer type it is.\nCommon symptoms include pain in a particular area, which is often worse at night. There could be swelling, high temperature, fatigue and difficulty to move around.\nPrimary cancers of the bones account for less than 0.2% of all cancers. In adults, over 40% of primary bone cancers are chondrosarcomas. This is followed by osteosarcomas (28%), chordomas (10%), Ewing sarcoma (8%) and malignant fibrous histiocytoma/fibrosarcoma (4%). The remainder of cases is several rare types of bone cancers. In children and teenagers (those younger than 20 years), osteosarcoma (56%) and Ewing tumours (34%) are much more common than chondrosarcoma (6%).\nTypes of bone cancers include:\n- Osteosarcoma: It is the most common type of primary bone cancer found in teenagers and young adults. They can grow anywhere in the skeleton. The most common sites are:\n- around the knee\n- the lower thigh bone (femur)\n- upper shin bone (tibia)\n- around the shoulder\n- upper arm bone (humerus)\n- Ewing’s sarcoma: It is most common among teenagers. It usually starts in the pelvis (hips), thigh (femur) or shin (tibia) bones. Ewing’s tumours occur in the soft tissue as well, called soft tissue sarcomas. These are treated in the same way as Ewing’s bone tumours.\n- Chondrosarcoma: It is most often found in adults between 30-60 years of age. It is cancer of the cartilage cells within the bone. It can grow either inside a bone or on the bone surface. The most common sites are:\n- hips (pelvis)\n- the thigh bone (femur)\n- the upper arm (humerus)\n- shoulder blade (scapula)\nOnce the bone tumour has been diagnosed, doctors will determine the stage of cancer and whether or not it is metastatic; based on which doctors would be able to devise a bone cancer treatment plan. Treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and proton beam therapy.\nNo major professional organisations currently recommend any routine screening of the general public for bladder cancer.\nCOMPARE PRICING FOR - Bone Cancer Treatment\nSurgery: This is recommended to either remove cancer or to relieve its symptoms. Patients could have limb saving surgery or surgery where part of the diseased bone is removed.\nChemotherapy: This is given by administrating drugs intravenously (IV), intra-arterially (IA) or via intra – peritoneal (IP) injections to destroy cancer cells. This treatment can last up to many weeks.\nRadiotherapy: This is performed by directing radiation beams at the targeted area, and like chemotherapy, this treatment usually requires multiple sessions which are performed over a series of weeks.\nTargeted Therapy: This is performed by administrating a number of drugs to the patient which will target certain components of the cancer cells.\nProton Beam Therapy: This is a type of radiation therapy. It uses protons rather than x-rays to treat cancer. Proton beam therapy has had promising results with reduced side effects compared to radiation.\nTreatments are often used in combination with each other, particularly is the cancer is advanced and surgery is being performed. Chemotherapy may often be used before surgery to shrink the tumour or after surgery to destroy any cancer cells that could not be removed during surgery.\nYou may experience vomiting, nausea, hair loss, fatigue & body pain during treatment. Please do not hesitate to discuss this further with your doctor, for more information on the management of any symptoms.\n- Most patients require a post-surgical recovery period of up to 4- 6 weeks. Speak to your surgeon to understand the amount of recovery you would need following your treatment.\n- Physiotherapy exercises form an integral part of post-surgical rehabilitation. These are particularly important to prevent stiffness in the shoulder and neck.\n- Appropriate rest is also important during this period.\n- If there are pain and discomfort then please speak to your doctor for its management.\nlength of stay\nHospital Stay: 3-7 days for surgery\nTotal Stay: Depending upon treatment the length of stay can wary from 2 weeks to a few months", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nial Moores PhD, Director, Birds Korea, December 20th\nThe Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus is a globally Endangered, exquisitely-patterned and typically shy duck. In winter, it is most often found in small flocks on fast-flowing and relatively undisturbed stretches of river. Due to its rarity and its habitat-specialisation, the Scaly-sided Merganser is a flagship species, a living symbol, of East Asian rivers. And an international Task Force has been set up by the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership (EAAFP) especially for the conservation of the Scaly-sided Merganser. Birds Korea is the Korean NGO member of this Task Force.\nWe will therefore conduct focused research on the Scaly-sided Merganser and the rivers it depends on in January 2014. The main survey period will be between January 11th and 18th. We welcome your support and involvement – in fund-raising and fieldwork.\nPlease Note: All research participation costs for paid-up Birds Korea members will be covered by Birds Korea; non-members are required to cover their own expenses and will be asked to donate a daily participation charge of 100,000 KW, to help support further work for this species.\nFor more on our work on Scaly-sided Mergansers in 2014, please continue reading:\nWhy should we or anybody work to conserve the Scaly-sided Merganser? In addition to clear moral and ethical obligations, the survival of the Scaly-sided Merganser depends on the health of rivers and river catchments. Conserving this species therefore requires conserving the best rivers and their catchments – which of course are also vital to the well-being of many other species, including people. Conservation of rivers and the Scaly-sided Merganser is in our own and the national interest.\nThe need for conservation of “Scalies” has therefore already become a priority for the governments of the region, through their support of the EAAFP’s Scaly-sided Merganser Task Force. The need for river and biodiversity conservation is also fully recognised by governments who have joined the Ramsar “Wise Use of Wetlands” Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). CBD, for example, calls on governments to ensure by 2020 that “the conservation status (of threatened species), particularly of those most in decline, (be) improved and sustained” and that “the rate of loss of all natural habitats (be) at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero”. The ROK is an active member of both of these conventions. Our nation hosted the 2008 Ramsar Convention conference and will host the 2014 CBD conference. We need to support our nation’s efforts to fulfil these important conservation obligations.\nWhat kind of work?\nConservation of birds and their habitats always requires getting the best information to the right people at the right time in the right way. Our work for the Scaly-sided Merganser in 2014 will include research, analysis, and information-sharing, aimed towards the next intergovernmental CBD conference, to be held here in the ROK in October 2014.\nAlready, a small team of Birds Koreans has been making multiple counts of Scalies along one river, at least monthly in 2011 / 2012 and again in the winter of 2013 / 2014. Multiple images of the site have been taken and details recorded. In 2012, Birds Koreans also surveyed more than ten additional rivers nationwide that were suspected to support the species. We counted 140-149 Scalies. This count compares with only 30 found nationwide the same winter by the annual nationwide Winter Bird Census, coordinated by the Ministry of Environment. Our research confirms both that the Scaly-sided Merganser is easy to overlook during general bird surveys, and that several of the rivers that the species depends on are still not regularly surveyed.\nOur research this past decade has also confirmed that the species is shy and local, and that its “natural habitat” continues to be disturbed and degraded. As we predicted, the ecologically disastrous Four Rivers project impacted many sites between 2009 and 2012. River-side vegetation has been removed, rivers have been dredged and wide bicycle trails have been constructed causing much disturbance to once quiet rivers. These changes have contributed to declines in many species of waterbird at these sites and nationally. Many of the rivers used by Scaly-sided Mergansers even now, in 2013, are still being converted into “parks”, further reducing their value to biodiversity in general and this species in particular.\nIn 2014, between January 11th and 18th, three or more teams will therefore again survey all known Scaly-sided Merganser sites nationwide, and survey additional stretches of river that might support the species. This research, and future survey work and analysis, will help us to:\n- Improve the national population estimate of the species;\n- Identify more of the rivers used regularly by the species;\n- Map sites used by the species;\n- Determine changes in number of the species through a single winter and between years (e.g. between 2012 and 2014);\n- Determine changes to the habitat they use between years;\n- Identify causes likely to be driving changes in the number of birds, both by site and at the national level;\nHow will the results be used?\nTo ensure that the results reach a wide audience, we will publish them in English and Korean on our websites, and we will pass them on to other members of the international Scaly-sided Merganser Task Force. This includes the national Ministry of Environment. There is some possibility too that the results might also be published as part of a peer-reviewed regional review of the species.\nIf funding can be found, the results and analysis will then also be included in a special Birds Korea Report, now being written as part of our contribution to the 2014 CBD Conference. This report, as proposed, will provide a national overview of changes in bird populations during the past century. It will include case studies on representative species of key habitat types, and it will highlight the Scaly-sided Merganser and the rivers it depends on.\nPlease contact us if you have more questions and would like to support this work!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Precision Metal Technology (PMT)\nThis course introduces the student to weld symbol interpretation in accordance with American Welding Society (AWS) standards. Welding details with symbols layout provide a systematic approach to blueprint reading. Fundamentals of drawing elements, scales, layouts, and title blocks are included.\nThis course provides basic principles of metallurgy. Emphasis is placed on metallurgical terms for metal structures common to the science of materials. Understanding the distinctions between metallic properties of strength, hardness, and ductility provides insight for managing desirable material properties. Differences between ferrous and nonferrous metals are covered in simple definitions, diagrams, and charts highlighting standard industry terms and practices related to metal.\nThis course addresses principles related to Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) including SMAW power supplies, electrode holders, equipment set-up, joint configuration, layout, electrode selection, electrode manipulation, arc control, finished bead characteristics, and safety.\nThis course provides students with the fundamentals of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Emphasis is placed on power sources, controls, polarity settings, and high frequency usage concepts. Lectures will focus on GTAW torch components, setup, and safety.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "States Fail to Adequately Fund Prevention Despite Their Billions in Tobacco Revenue\nTobacco companies spend $20 to market their deadly products for every $1 the states spend on programs to prevent kids from smoking and help smokers quit, according to a report released today by a coalition of public health organizations. This giant gap is undermining efforts to save lives and health care dollars by reducing tobacco use, the No. 1 cause of preventable death in the United States, the report warns.\nThis year (fiscal year 2016), the states will collect $25.8 billion from the 1998 tobacco settlement and tobacco taxes. But they have budgeted less than two percent of it – $468 million – for tobacco prevention and cessation programs, according to the annual report assessing state funding of such programs.\nIn contrast, the major cigarette and smokeless tobacco companies spend $9.6 billion a year – more than one million dollars each hour – on marketing, according to the most recent data from the Federal Trade Commission. This amounts to 20 times what the states spend on tobacco prevention.\nThe tobacco companies spend more on marketing in a single day ($26.3 million) than all but three states –California, New York and Florida – spend on tobacco prevention programs in an entire year.\nTobacco use kills more than 480,000 Americans and costs the nation about $170 billion in health care spending each year. Without strong action now, 5.6 million kids alive today will die prematurely from smoking-caused disease, according to the U.S. Surgeon General.\nThe report – “Broken Promises to Our Children: A State-by-State Look at the 1998 Tobacco Settlement 17 Years Later” – was released by the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, American Heart Association, American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, American Lung Association, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights and Truth Initiative.\n“The tobacco companies are as relentless as ever in marketing their lethal products, so it is critical that the states step up their efforts to protect our kids from tobacco addiction and help smokers quit,” said Matthew L. Myers, President of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. “We know how to win the fight against tobacco, but most states are falling woefully short. These states are putting their children at risk and costing taxpayers billions by refusing to fund tobacco prevention programs that are proven to save lives and money.”\nThis year’s report also found:\n- The $468 million the states have budgeted for tobacco prevention amounts to just a small fraction of the $3.3 billion recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It would take less than 13 percent of total state tobacco revenues to meet the CDC’s recommendations in every state. (The $468 million does not include Illinois and Pennsylvania, which have yet to enact FY 2016 budgets and therefore have not set funding levels for their programs.)\n- Only one state – North Dakota – is funding its tobacco prevention program at the CDC-recommended level. Only four other states – Alaska, Maine, Oklahoma and Wyoming – provide even half the recommended funding. New Jersey, which ranks last for the second year in a row, has allocated no state funds for tobacco prevention programs. Find out how each state ranks.\n- States with well-funded, sustained tobacco prevention programs continue to deliver impressive results. Florida, with one of the longest-running programs, reduced its high school smoking rate to just 6.9 percent this year, one of the lowest rates ever reported by any state and a 75 percent decline since 1998. North Dakota, which ranks first for the third year in a row in this report, cut smoking among high school students by nearly half from 2009 to 2015 (from 22.4 percent to 11.7 percent).\nThe report also details many of the tobacco industry marketing tactics that entice kids, including:\n- Widespread advertising, prime product placement and price discounts in stores, which make tobacco products appealing and affordable to kids.\n- Slick ads in magazines with large youth readership, such as Sports Illustrated and Rolling Stone.\n- Candy- and fruit-flavored tobacco products such as small cigars and electronic cigarettes. E-cigarette companies have drastically ramped up their marketing efforts in recent years as well. Recent data shows that youth use of e-cigarettes has skyrocketed, and that high school boys now smoke cigars at about the same rate as cigarettes.\nEchoing the January 2014 report of the Surgeon General, today’s report calls for fully funding state tobacco prevention and cessation programs as part of a comprehensive strategy to accelerate progress in reducing tobacco use. Other recommendations include conducting sustained national media campaigns; increasing tobacco taxes; enacting comprehensive smoke-free laws; providing health insurance coverage for tobacco cessation treatments; and effective FDA regulation of tobacco products.\nAn emerging strategy for reducing tobacco use is to increase the legal sale age for tobacco products to 21. A March 2015 report by the prestigious Institute of Medicine concluded that raising the tobacco sales age to 21 would significantly reduce smoking among youth and young adults, save lives and improve public health.\n“State leaders across the country have an obligation to spend their tobacco settlement money as intended – to invest in proven tobacco control that will save lives and carry the added benefit of reducing state health care costs,” said Chris Hansen, president of the American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, the advocacy affiliate of the American Cancer Society. “We urge lawmakers to fully fund tobacco cessation and prevention programs, that combined with comprehensive smoke-free laws and increased tobacco taxes maximize our potential to reduce the needless death and suffering from tobacco use in this country.”\n“Year after year, it’s the same situation – states are not using their tobacco settlement funds to help Americans quit smoking or prevent them from ever starting this dangerous habit,” said Nancy Brown, CEO of the American Heart Association. “It’s high time to break this pattern of inaction. Well-funded programs in every state would go a long way in the nation’s fight against tobacco. So, once again, the American Heart Association strongly urges all state lawmakers to invest this money where it belongs – in successful tobacco prevention programs that get results.”\n“States continue to spend too little on programs to prevent and reduce tobacco use, the No. 1 preventable cause of death in our country,” said Harold P. Wimmer, National President and CEO of the American Lung Association. “We will never succeed in eliminating tobacco-caused death and disease unless state policymakers find the political will to fund these vital and proven-effective tobacco prevention programs.”\n“Despite claims that the tobacco industry has changed its behavior as a result of the master settlement agreement and the Department of Justice RICO case, the industry still engages in nefarious tactics to make a profit by selling deadly products and to oppose sound public health laws to protect individuals from exposure to secondhand smoke, tax tobacco products, and limit where products are sold,” said Cynthia Hallett, MPH, Executive Director of Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights. “And now we’re having a serious case of déjà vu with tobacco industry marketing and advertising of electronic cigarettes running amok in an unregulated market, making claims that these products are safer.”\n“Over 17 years we’ve achieved truly dramatic reductions in teen smoking that are even more impressive when compared against a tobacco industry that spends nearly $10 billion marketing in the United States each year,” said Robin Koval, CEO and President of Truth Initiative. “Now, with an end to tobacco use in sight, we can’t afford to scrimp on proven strategies at the local, state or federal levels. This generation truly can be the one to end the era of deadly tobacco and ‘Finish It.'”\nFor more information, visit: www.tobaccofreekids.org.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A chain pulley is a simple mechanical tool to make the physical act of lifting objects much simpler. Consisting of a linked chain, a metal housing and several gears, a chain pulley uses physics and geometry to increase lifting efficiency. This tool is used in industries such as shipping and manufacturing and has been in operation for centuries in one form or another.\nThe chain pulley uses a variety of chain sizes depending on the job it is built to perform. Thinner chains are useful in jobs that require speed and do not involve lifting massive weights. Large, thick chains, conversely, take more effort to run through the chain pulley system, but they can withstand greater loads. Much thought is put into selecting the perfect type of chain to use in different situations.\nA chain pulley housing is the most visible part of the mechanism, and it varies greatly in size. Constructed of durable metals, such as steel, the housing locks the gear wheels into place. They are constructed to withstand large amounts of pressure because the point where the housing is connected to a stable position, likely a ceiling beam or crane, must endure great amounts of strain.\nThe gear wheels within a chain pulley are what make this system function. Chain pulleys can have anywhere from one wheel to five in many cases. The simplest single wheel design has a chain feeding into the housing and over the wheel and out the other end. By pulling on one end, the chain lifts the object attached to the other end with greater ease than by manually lifting it.\nSimple geometric and physical principles dictate that the more gear wheels added to the pulley system, the easier the lifting process. For this exact purpose, a chain can be fed around a housing containing several wheels. When the chain is pulled, each wheel absorbs part of the pressure from the weight and makes the act of lifting the object much easier.\nThe chain pulley likely has been in use since the time of the industrial revolution or even before, when technology first allowed for the creation of chain links. These tools still are used by industries that demand the ability to lift heavy loads, such as manufacturing or shipping. Also common in the modern use of chain pulleys is an automated electrical wench that does not require humans to do the pulling of the chain.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Seven Health Conditions Caused by Substance Abuse\nSubstance abuse refers to the excessive use of legal or illegal stuff that causes addiction and harms overall health. Most people get into alcohol or drug addiction thinking it is harmless. They see other people appearing fit and fine; therefore, they take up the habits without realizing the detrimental effects on their health. Furthermore, they believe they can leave drugs or alcohol whenever they want. When they realize the dire consequences and try to leave harmful practices, it is generally too late. Despite it being well-known that substance abuse never leads to anything pleasant, an increasing rise in people taking up unhealthy habits is visible. Substance abuse can cause serious health issues, and in the worst case, people succumb to their health conditions and pass away.\nSeveral people find it hard to say no to peer pressure and get into drinking or drugs to fit in or appear cool. Since depression is becoming prevalent in modern times, numerous people find solace in drugs. Others take up harmful habits due to boredom and try to experiment. Irrespective of the reason leading people to substance abuse, the effects are always destructive.\nThe following are some of the health conditions caused by substance abuse:\n- Cardiovascular Issues\nDepending on the substance addicts are using and their frequency, it can damage their hearts’ function with time. CNS depressants slow down hearts’ working; in contrast, stimulants increase users’ heart rate. Initially, they may not have any cardiovascular problem, but constant use results in high or low blood pressure. Similarly, many substances cause irregular heartbeat, and in the worst case, it can cause a sudden cardiac arrest. Drug addiction can lead to disseminated and local vascular inflammation, blood clotting, or cardiac valve infections.\nAddicts must understand that they are in charge of their health, and substance-abusing ruins their health with time. They can join outpatient programs to deal with their addictive behaviors and improve their health. Joining a group or treatment center helps addicts handle their craving and enable them to be resilient. Gradually, they build solid nerves and do not cave into temptations or cravings.\n- Weakens Immunity\nA robust immune system keeps illnesses at bay as it puts up an intense fight against germs’ external forces and keeps people healthy. Substance abuse adversely affects addicts’ immune systems. The inbuilt quality of fighting harmful bacteria and germs becomes weak. They fell prey to viruses and germs easily. In many cases, addicts have a sudden weight loss as alcohol, cocaine, or other destructive substances affect their appetite. They either do not feel hungry or cannot take a proper meal. Not following a good diet and intaking unhealthy substances affect their immunity and make them vulnerable. Weaken immunity makes addicts prone to many diseases and worsens their health drastically.\n- Neurological Problems\nThe human brain has unique functions, and it gets adapted to people’s practices with time. When addicts use substances for an extended period, their brains take it as a routine and have specific changes in its chemistry. They become dependent on substances, impacting the brain’s function, such as decision making, pleasure, pain, control, and reflex actions. Substances like alcohol and other sedative-hypnotics minimize brain signaling, resulting in calm and relaxation. As a result, they numb the brain and affect its receptors and signaling.\nIn contrast, ecstasy, meth, and cocaine increase neuron and lead to emotional highs and excessive physical energy. The destructive part is that brains adapt to the substance. When it leaves the body, the brain slows down in restoring balance to neurotransmitters, including dopamine and serotonin.\nCancer is a deadly disease claiming many lives every year. Not every patient with cancer has a history of substance abuse, and we cannot ignore the destructive effects of alcohol, meth, cocaine, or other harmful drugs. Smoking is the primary cause of cancer as tobacco contains toxic chemicals. Smoking can lead to mouth, lung, pancreas, bladder, blood, or colon cancers. Many cocaine users end up with bladder, lung, and ureter, oral or esophageal cancer. Addicts deal with their addiction, and their health issues add to their problems, making it difficult to survive.\n- Liver Damage\nThe liver is the central organ of the body as its function is to metabolize nutrients. Besides, life also detoxifies many consumed substances. With the constant use of high levels of drugs, the liver becomes overwhelmed with the detoxification substances, and the organ breaks down. Substance firsts affect its functioning then gradually breaks it down to a level that stops functioning. Alcohol use leads to liver diseases, including alcoholic hepatitis or liver parenchyma, also referred to as cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is often the leading cause of developing cancer.\n- Respiratory Inefficiency\nConstant use of drugs, smoking, or alcohol affects alveoli in the lungs, making the upper respiratory system vulnerable. People initially start having breathing issues, which they instantly do not connect with their substance abuse. Overdose of depressants results in slower breathing or irregular breathing. In worse cases, an overdose of depressants can lead to death as addicts are unable to breathe. Furthermore, an extended period of difficult breathing makes addicts’ bodies starved of oxygen, affecting other body organs.\nThe immediate effect of substance abuse is usually on the digestive system. People may have complaints of stomach aches, diarrhea, and other gastric issues. Substance deteriorates the mucous membrane, whose primary function is to break food down in peristalsis, affecting people’s GI, gastrointestinal. Once the stomach walls become vulnerable, people are at high risk of getting ulcers and other stomach-related diseases. Moreover, addiction makes people dehydrated that impacts people’s ability to produce saliva, affecting the entire GI process. In severe cases, deterioration of GI leads to severe diseases like liver cancer and puts people’s lives at risk.\nEvery year a large number of drug or alcohol addicts pass away due to substance abuse. Addicts do not realize that they are putting pleasure over their health, the most significant component of human life. In most cases, addiction does not lead to sudden death but slowly deteriorates people’s conditions. Drug addiction numbs brains’ functioning, affects addicts’ hearts and kidneys, and leads to several other problems. Moreover, substance abuse weakens immunity and makes people vulnerable. Aside from physical health, drugs and alcohol impacts psychological health and can be detrimental. Drugs and alcohol may help people escape their issues but result in severe health problems.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The inlet to Carpinteria Marsh is located approximately 1,300 ft. west of the Ash Avenue\nsand placement site. Carpinteria Marsh, also known as El Estero, is a 230 acre coastal\nlagoon and saltmarsh complex that is open to the sea year-round. Carpinteria Marsh is\nan important area for shorebirds and migratory waterfowl and supports breeding\npopulations of two listed bird species (see Section 188.8.131.52. below). Carpinteria Marsh\nhas been designated an ESH by the County of Santa Barbara and the City of\n184.108.40.206 Sensitive Species\nThe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has designated Critical Habitat for the Threatened\nwestern snowy plover immediately downcoast from the Ash Avenue beach placement\narea at Carpinteria State Beach from Linden Avenue to the west (Miller 1999).\nCarpinteria State Beach has been designated as wintering habitat for this species. The\nclosest breeding area is at McGrath State Beach.\nThe federal and state endangered California brown pelican commonly feeds in\nnearshore waters off Ash Avenue as do several bird species (common loon, double-\ncrested cormorant, California gull, elegant tern) that are California Species of Special\nCarpinteria Marsh, west of the Ash Avenue site, supports an endangered plant species,\nthe federal and state endangered salt marsh bird's beak and breeding populations of\ntwo listed bird species, the federal and state endangered light-footed clapper rail and\nthe state endangered Belding's savannah sparrow. Carpinteria Marsh is the northern\nextent of the light-footed clapper rail's range. Two pair of light-footed clapper rails were\nobserved in Carpinteria Marsh in 1995 (CDFG 2000). In 1991, 52 pairs of Belding's\nsavannah sparrow were counted in Carpinteria Marsh (CDFG 2000). Carpinteria Marsh\nalso supports a plant, Coulter's goldfields, that is a federal Species of Concern\nCarpinteria Creek, approximately 1,500 ft. east of the Ash Avenue beach placement\nsite, supports two listed fish species, the southern steelhead (federal endangered,\nCalifornia Species of Special Concern) and the tidewater goby (federal\nthreatened/proposed delisted, California Species of Special Concern).\n220.127.116.11 Other Sensitive Biological Resources\nA small number of harbor seals haul out in some years at Sand Point about 1,000 ft.\nwest of the Ash Avenue sand placement site. A more important haul out site is located\nabout 1,500 ft. to the east of the downcoast end of the Ash Avenue site.\n2.3.4 Oil Piers\n3208 Bio Report", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There are several arguments for and against the authenticity of the Shroud.\nOne of the most important is radiocarbon dating, which indicated that the cloth dates back years 1260-1390that is, 12 centuries after the time when Jesus lived on Earth.\nThis dating has been contested by some researchers, who have invoked various hypotheses, such as biological contamination or carbon monoxide. However, these hypotheses were not accepted by the scientific community.\nAnother argument is that of the Jewish tradition from the 1st century, which stipulated that the dead should be wrapped in several cloths and not in one, as seems to be the case with the Shroud of Turin. It is also said that the cloth does not follow the weaving pattern used in Palestine at the time, but rather that of Turkey or France.\nAn argument in favor of the authenticity of the shroud is that of the image printed on the canvas, which would have been produced by oxidation or radiation and not by paint or other artistic methods.\nThe image would contain precise anatomical and medical details, such as wounds caused by thorns, whippings and nails.\nAlso, the image would have three-dimensional characteristics and would be compatible with other Christian relics, such as the veil of Veronica or the Sudarium (Latin for sweat cloth), also known as the Vernicle, a Christian relic consisting of a piece of cloth about which is said to bear an image of the Holy Face of Jesus when he was wiped from his sweat while carrying the cross to Golgotha.\nRegarding the ethnicity of the person represented on the shroud, there are different opinions. Some say the image shows typical features of a 12th-13th century French medieval knight or Italian noble rather than first-century Near Eastern Jews, such as a prominent nose, beard, and long hair.\nAccording to the New Testament, Jesus was not an attractive person to attract attention, his features were rather Semitic, close to the Arabs of today, and the wearing of long hair was forbidden among Jews.\nThere is a theory that claims that the Shroud of Turin was forged by Leonardo da Vinci, using a primitive photographic technique and a sculpture of his own face.\nThis theory is based on some similarities between the image on the shroud and Leonardo’s self-portraits, as well as the fact that he was interested in anatomy, chemistry and optics.\nHowever, this theory is controversial and has no solid evidence. Some researchers have rejected the idea that Leonardo could have produced such a detailed and realistic image with the help of a camera obscura or a sculpture.\nMoreover, the theory ignores the results of radiocarbon dating, which indicate a greater age of the Shroud than Leonardo’s time.\nIn conclusion, the theory of Leonardo da Vinci’s forgery of the Shroud of Turin is speculative and unconvincing. There is no direct evidence to support the hypothesis of authenticity, but the hypothesis of falsification also has many uncertainties.\nCertainly, the Shroud of Turin gained popularity from the 14th century, the oldest recorded information dating back to 1354.\nIt is amazing how well it has been preserved.\nIt is unlikely to be the shroud of Christ with which he was wrapped after death and to have lasted 2000 years, but it is a medieval relic of major importance to historians, being the best preserved fabric from the past.\nFor the most important news of the day, transmitted in real time and presented equidistantly, LIKE our Facebook page!\nFollow Mediafax on Instagram to see spectacular images and stories from around the world!\nAnswer on the websites of Aleph News, Mediafax, Ziarul Financiar and on our social media pages – ȘTIU and Aleph News. See the answer to I know, from 19.55, Aleph News.\nThe content of the www.mediafax.ro website is intended exclusively for your information and personal use. It is forbidden republication of the content of this site without the consent of MEDIAFAX. To obtain this agreement, please contact us at [email protected].\nLeave a Reply", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Safety first15 December 2004\nNew ways to improve safety and health in the construction industry are constantly being developed in Europe, explains Jon Last\nCONSTRUCTION is one of Europe’s largest industries, employing more than 12M people in the European Union (EU) alone, with an annual turnover in excess of US$1.2T. However, the construction sector has one of the worst occupational safety and health (OSH) records in the EU; indeed, workers in construction are twice as likely to suffer from non-fatal accidents than those in any other industry.\nAccording to Eurostat, the statistical office of the European communities, around 1200 construction workers are killed each year. Incidences of musculoskeletal disorders are significantly higher than the EU average, with almost half of workers reporting back ache (EU average is 33%) and 36% claiming muscular problems in the neck and shoulders (EU average is 23%). Over half a million European workers are exposed daily to asbestos fibres, which can cause fatal diseases like mesothelioma and asbestosis, and many others work with oil resins and cement-based products containing Chromium VI, which can cause skin problems and occupational dermatitis.\nA poor OSH level affects productivity and brings with it a huge financial loss: it is estimated to cost the construction industry US$99.5B each year. In 2001, over 800,000 construction workers suffered accidents that led to at least three days off work – which amounts to a staggering amount of lost working hours.\nThe construction industry was the focus of 2004’s fifth annual European Week for Safety and Health at Work. The event ran from 18-22 October as part of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work’s Building in Safety campaign. Included in the week were several examples of good practice for reducing OSH risks in construction work, solutions conjured up by members of the EU-15 states following a criteria to: seek to tackle risks at their source; improve on currently hazardous situations; be sustainable over time; provide good consultation between management and the workforce; comply with relevant legal requirements and ideally be transferable to other work places.\nThe practices ranged from the simple to the elaborate, but each impressed the judges with a sound focus on improving OSH. Amongst others were measures in Germany to reduce exposure to hazardous gases using ‘zeolites’ to lower the temperature of asphalt and cut the dangerous fumes by up to 50%, and efforts in Lithuania to implement an effective health and safety plan right from the tender stage of a contract. Three other developments are detailed below.\nMonitoring safety levels\nBeing aware of potential problems before they happen is a crucial way of preventing accidents. Ideally, workers’ safety practices should be monitored and the information used to improve and adjust protocol, but in reality this does not often happen. Monitoring safety on construction sites is especially difficult given that they are not permanent work environments. Typically a site will be up for only one year, and will have on average only 20 workers, so any figures based on accidents are often elusive. Many sites have no accidents at all, but this does not necessarily mean that they are safer than a site that did experience accidents; the scale of time and the level of monitoring are not comprehensive enough to form a viable conclusion.\nThe construction sector in Finland was commended during the Safety and Health week for its pioneering monitoring techniques and ‘Going safely in the 21st century’ competition. The Occupational Safety and Health Inspectorate of Uusimaa, in cooperation with the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, has developed a tool for monitoring safety practices that is simple enough to be picked up and used on-site without being intrusive or overly complex – the ‘TR’ method. A means of calculating a working environment’s overall risk factor, it gained wide recognition in 1997 when, along with the ‘MVR’ method which was developed for the engineering industry, it was used as part of a three-year competition between companies, and its success led to a second three-year implementation in 2001.\nThe ‘TR’ method takes note of areas such as preventing the risk of falling; scaffolding safety; lifting safety; the instruction of employees; controlling dust and dangerous substances in construction work and, in the most recent competition, risk management at multicontractor sites. Work places were judged then marked as either ‘correct’ or ‘incorrect’ in each area. This information was turned into a percentage to give the workplace its ‘risk level index’ figure.\nThe ‘TR’ method competition was applauded for pioneering a radical safety-orientated approach to work and, by introducing an edge of competitiveness between companies, providing an acute incentive for workplaces to concentrate on their safety. The competition has seen OSH on sites dramatically improve – safety levels have risen significantly from 65% to 82%. Scientific study on the ‘TR’ method concluded that the competing companies now have as many as 500 fewer accidents per year.\nWorking with scaffolding\nScaffolding is the cause of many accidents on sites, most of these in the first stages of its erection due to unsafe conditions. Traditionally, workers have to assemble (and dismantle) the scaffold components by hand in the place where the scaffolding is going up – normally at a great height. Often scaffolding is made all the more dangerous by being structurally unsafe and not complying with regulations: the planks or boards can be too short or too long, badly damaged or not secured properly, or the entire structure can be poorly supported and consequently at risk from collapsing.\nThe feeling amongst construction firms was that some form of ready assembled scaffolding would be the ideal solution. Such an idea would have to adhere to certain criteria – it would need to be flexible to bridge gaps and adapt to various building shapes, consist of few parts, include guard rails for safety, sustain a reasonable load (300kg/m2), and be easily assembled and taken apart.\nOne company took this idea and turned it into an award-winning product. Austria-based Doka took home the ‘Good Practice Award’ at the European Safety and Health week for its bracket Platform M, scaffolding that is made up from ready-assembled platform decking and brackets. Each section is lifted via a crane and then either hung over the top of the wall, or placed securely into existing masonry. Dismantling is achieved by reversing the process. This type of scaffolding does away entirely with all the unsafe manipulating of loose brackets and boards that is unavoidable when these have to be mounted separately in exposed locations – which is mostly a very laborious business, as well as being a great risk to safety.\nThe new design has proved to be a success, with sites that have implemented it reporting fewer accidents.\nThe Silent Book\nAnother development that has received recognition is The Silent Book – a training and awareness manual that illustrates safe working practice, designed by NCC Construction Sverige, Sweden, the largest\ncompany within the NCC group. The hazards of the workplace are displayed in cartoon pictures and often feature NCC’s cartoon\ncharacter, Trygge, showing the right and wrong way to behave in situations such as using equipment and manoeuvring around the workplace. Scenarios in the book are partly based on the issues NCC’s accident statistics and records indicated needed particular attention.\nThe major advantage with the book’s entirely pictorial nature is that it does not require translating. As such it is finding international success: the International Federation of Building and Wood Workers (IFBWW) were one interested party, requesting 1000 copies.\nStaff feedback about the Silent Book has been positive; its easy to understand and accessible approach has been praised and its use promotes stimulating discussions about tackling the every day hazards at work. NCC’s work-related accident rate has declined over the last ten years, and its central health unit believe the Silent Book has had a major part to play in this.\nSafety and health at work is an ongoing issue that needs to be constantly monitored and addressed if any improvement is to be made. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work outlined a set of ingredients that should be followed in order to create safer, less hazardous and more efficient working environments.\n• ï„·Ensure safety and health is a priority when buying products and services – don’t just award contracts on the basis of the lowest priced tender. Investing in a contractor with a good focus on safety and health will ultimately be more profitable.\n• ï„·Before construction, the designer and the constructor should work closely to plan the project in a way that will take risks into account.\n• ï„·Focus on staff training and involve all levels of staff in the OSH process. Knowledge provides confidence and will yield a safer and better performance.\n• ï„·Assess the risks, conduct a thorough examination of the potential hazards and ensure enough precautions are being taken to protect workers. Monitor the risks regularly.\n• ï„·Establish systems and procedures to make sure everyone is working towards the highest possible OSH standards.\n• ï„·When the project is finished, evaluate the OSH performance and learn from mistakes and achievements.\nIt is hoped that by being aware of risks and putting safety and health as a top priority, the number of accidents can be reduced.\nExternal weblinksEuropean Safety Week", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Basketry is a widely practised tribal craft in Chattisgarh. The different types and sizes cater to various needs like the carrying of forest produce and seeds, and for the storage of grains. They also have baskets for carrying fish and birds and to keep fowl and eggs The Baigas of Mandla make 50 different types of baskets, including a marriage basket. The Bansods of Chattisgarh make more than 200 bamboo articles, including a large variety of baskets. In Bastar the tribals make various types of beautiful baskets. Dhurwas, Dandami Marias, Bhaturas, and Murias are the most skilled in basketry. The Kamar tribals of Raipur are skilled at making baskets and other items like fish traps, mats, mouse traps and bird traps from bamboo. In the district of Bastar 30 types of fish baskets known as dooty are used. The other basketry items include measures, grain bins, baskets for keeping money and land records, and baskets for filtering mahua or homemade liquor.\nBamboo is a very important material for the tribals and it is used for constructing houses, as well as for making bows and arrows, handles for agricultural implements, fish and bird traps, and many kinds of baskets. Initially, baskets, winnowing fans and mats were made out of leaves but they were very fragile. Later all these items were made out of bamboo which is much sturdier. Bamboo baskets are light, handy, cheap, sturdy, and durable.\nThe Bansors or basketeers are considered to be a sub-caste of the Birchors who slice bamboos into rikas or fine splits and worship the deity Dasha. Their baskets have a square base but a circular top. The weave is the interlocking of warp and weft in a loose, checkerboard pattern. The baskets are used for carrying mahua flowers and, hence, have the name phooldatia. Animal and human figures resembling neolithic paintings make the appearance of the basket very interesting.\nThe women and children basketeers of Chattisgarh make over 200 bamboo articles. The simple semi-circular basket made by them is called datia and is used to carry forest produce to marketplaces and seeds to the fields. Basketry is a craft practised by entire families.\nShare on Facebook", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Historical Events Happened In 1694\nThursday, 23 October 2014\nJan 06 Francesco Morosini, Italian army general, dies in the year 1694.\nJan 07 On this day in history charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, English general (bc. 1618)\nJan 30 Joseph Joachim Benedict Munster, composer on this day in history.\nFeb 01 John L baron van Elderen, 63rd bishop of Liege (1688-94), dies at 73 on this day in history.\nFeb 20 The birth of Voltaire, French writer and scientist on this day in history.\nApr 03 In the year 1694 ferdinand van Apshoven de Jongere, Flemish painter, buried at 64\nApr 07 On this day in history coelestin Praelisauer, composer\nApr 10 On this day in history duke Victor Amadeus of Savoye attacks Casale\nApr 27 Frederik August I \"the Strong\" becomes monarch of Saksen in the year 1694.\nApr 27 Johan Georg IV, elector of Saxony (1691-94), dies at 25 in the year 1694.\nJun 04 Francois Quesnay, French personal physician of Louis XIV on this day in history.\nJun 07 English invasion army under Thomas Talmash reaches Brest in the year 1694.\nJun 08 On this day in history english troop landing at Brest attack (300 killed)\nJun 20 Hans A Brorson, Danish poet/bishop of Ribe in the year 1694.\nJun 29 In the year 1694 dutch fleet attacks French grain transports\nJul 04 Louis-Claude Daquin, [d'Acquin], French organist/composer (La Rose) on this day in history.\nJul 07 On this day in history dokusho, Zen teacher, Obaku line, dies\nJul 11 On this day in history charles-Antoine Coypel, French carpet designer\nJul 26 On this day in history johann Samuel Endler, composer\nJul 27 On this day in history bank of England chartered\nJul 27 In the year 1694 bank of England granted 12 year charter by Act of Parliament\nJul 27 Parliament creates The Bank of England in the year 1694.\nJul 27 In the year 1694 the Bank of England receives a royal charter as a commercial institution.\nAug 05 In the year 1694 leonardo Ortensio Salvatore de Leo, composer\nAug 08 In the year 1694 antoine Arnauld [le grand Arnauld], French lawyer/theology, dies at 82\nAug 24 Theodor A Freiherr von Neuhoff, German adventurer/king [or 8/25] on this day in history.\nSep 05 Frantisek Antonin Mica, composer in the year 1694.\nSep 22 In the year 1694 lord Chesterfield, letter writer; introduced Gregorian calendar (1752)\nSep 23 Francesco Passarini, composer, dies at 57 on this day in history.\nSep 27 In the year 1694 hurricane hits Carlisle Bay Barbados; 27 Brit ships sink & 3,000 die\nSep 28 In the year 1694 mouton, mathematician, dies\nOct 12 Matsuo Basho, greatest Japanese haiku poet, dies in the year 1694.\nOct 16 In the year 1694 samuel Freiherr von Pufendorf, German lawyer, dies at 62\nOct 23 American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phipps, fail to seize Quebec in the year 1694.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In our previous blog, we told the story of how the Dutch West India Company brought slaves from Africa and traded them for products such as beaver pelts and farm goods in New Netherland. Slaves populated most Dutch farms in New York and New Jersey.\nIn this blog, we look at the struggle between the farm owners, the common people, and the slaves to retain labor on the farms and deal with the quest for the abolition of slavery by the common people.\nIn 1621, the Dutch West India Company contracted to build a new settlement in what was then populated by the Manhatta Indian tribe, a land they called New Netherland. This would allow more Dutch immigrants to come to the New World to farm and reap the rewards of the new land. The Dutch immigrants quickly became aware that they needed more help on their farms than their families could provide, so five years later in 1626, they made their first deal to buy slaves. According to Colgate University Professor of History Graham Hodges, they purchased 16 enslaved black people from Portuguese pirates. During this same period of time, the Dutch West India Company sold over 15,000 slaves to sugar plantation owners in Brazil. They also captured more than 23,000 slaves from Spanish ships and sold or traded them to various colonies and countries. New Netherland was one of the recipients of these slaves.\nSlaves crowded on the deck of the slave bark Wildfire.\nA bark is a sailing ship with three masts.\nSlavery existed in New Jersey from the earliest settlement of the state. Slavery grew in the Dutch Colony and when the British gained control of New Amsterdam in 1664 and named it New York, many Dutch moved to what is now New Jersey. They brought their slaves with them and the number of slaves and offspring of slaves grew. Somerset County had slaves as early as 1685 or 1690. In 1790, there were about 2,000 slaves in Somerset and Hunterdon counties.\nThe path to slave freedom was slow. In the early 1800s, there was growing resistance to slavery. This was largely a classic disagreement between the rich, powerful slave owners and the common people. The common people wanted abolition, and rich slave owners did not want to change. If they had to pay for labor, ending slavery would greatly reduce their income. At the same time, the farmers wanted to avoid a rebellion by the slaves, because there were more slaves than white people on many farms.\nOn February 24, 1821, the State of New Jersey passed the Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery. New Jersey was the last of the northeastern states to make an attempt to end slavery. This act was a compromise at best. It said that slaves would remain slaves for life, but children of slaves born after July 4,1804 would be free after a period of time. Females would be freed after 21 years and males after 25 years. Unfortunately, many of the children of slaves did not live long enough to gain freedom.\nMeanwhile, people around the state began to free their slaves in a process called manumission. Manumission was a legal process that involved a witness, certification by two overseers of the poor, and two Justices of the Peace. According to the Somerset County Historical Quarterly, these certifications attested that the slave who was to be freed “appears to be sound in mind, and not under any bodily incapacity of obtaining a support, and also is not under the age of twenty-one years nor above the age of forty years.\" The records of these manumissions are in the Somerset County Clerk's Office, and they cover the period between 1805 and 1862. These books also include certifications by owners of slaves of the births of slave children in their households.\nThe Somerset County Clerk’s Office also compiled a list of slaves and their owners from 1800 to the 1830s. They listed slaves that were free or slaves that were born into slavery. Out of the 253 slaves in Montgomery Township, 38% are in the Record of Manumissions and 62% are Slave Owner Certification of Births, presumably slaves at that time.\nJust thirteen years before slavery ended in the country and eight years before it was abolished in New Jersey, the census of 1850 showed that there were just four slaves in Montgomery—two male and two female. The slaves were owned by John Hoagland, Henry Duryea, Cornelius Cruser, and Abraham Cruser. Henry Duryea was a member of Blawenburg Church. However, the same census showed that there were 265 black or colored people in Montgomery. It is likely that many of them were either freed slaves or the children of freed slaves.\nSlaves were considered property, and slaveowners wanted it to stay that way. They also wanted to control the lives of slaves. Each colony created their own rules, known as slave codes, to protect their investment in slavery. Among the restrictions on slaves were that they were not allowed to:\nassemble without a white person being present.\nbe out of their houses after curfew.\ntestify in court against a white person.\nserve on a jury.\nbe taught how to read and write.\nbe married to another slave.\nThese and other restrictions on the lives of slaves served the slaveowners, but made the abolitionists furious. Nevertheless, codes like these didn’t end when slavery was nationally outlawed by the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863.\nSlaves who broke the rules were subject to corporal punishment or even death.\nFollowing emancipation, a new more subtle group of unwritten codes that were meant to segregate black people from whites were implemented. Known as Black Codes, they were common in many places throughout the country, especially in the south. They were enacted in some communities in Somerset County, too.\nThe places that wanted to maintain white supremacy swiftly enacted the codes after the Civil War. The codes were meant to quell the growing threat of rebellion among former slaves and reduce the number of runaways. Former slaves were still an important part of the economic system. Cheap labor meant more money for the plantation owners. Among these codes that were designed to assure the inferiority of black former slaves included:\nVagrancy – Black people who were unemployed and did not have a permanent place to live would be declared vagrant. They could be arrested and fined. If they couldn’t pay the fine, they could be sent to work on a plantation.\nApprentices – Orphans and blacks dependent on whites were often sent to work for whites, and the people they worked for were often their previous masters.\nProperty – Blacks were restricted from buying some properties, businesses, and learning certain trades.\nFirearms – Former slaves could not carry firearms.\nMarriage – African Americans could marry other African Americans, but not have interracial marriages.\nThe punishment for violations of Black Codes was harsh, leading to physical punishment or even lynchings by people who took the law into their own hands.\nJim Crow Laws\nSegregation was kept in place after the period known as Reconstruction that ended in 1877. New codes known as Jim Crow laws were enacted. These rulings said it was alright to have segregation of blacks and whites as long at blacks were not denied a similar activity. For example, it was okay for blacks to be excluded from entering the main door of a restaurant as long as they could enter another way (the colored entrance) and have a place to eat. Reality was that the facilities and menu for blacks was inferior to that of the whites.\nThis practice got a big boost in 1896 when the U.S Supreme Court ruled in favor of separate but equal segregation in the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. The ruling said that “separate but equal” did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment, which gave African Americans including former slaves the rights of citizenship and other civil and legal rights.\nIt wasn’t until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed that Jim Crow laws were abolished and African Americans were given equal rights with other citizens. It was intended to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin.\nWhile there is evidence today of unequal treatment of African Americans and other minority groups in America, the country has come a long way from the slave and black code era. Those who believe in white supremacy are still with us today, and the battle for equality still needs constant attention and reaffirmation with each new generation.\n1. The Reformed Dutch Church, later called the Dutch Reformed Church, and now the Reformed Church of America, permitted slavery in the early years. This led to many early ministers of the Reformed Dutch Church having slaves. It is said that at seven pastors in Somerset County, or possibly more, had slaves, including at least one in Blawenburg.\n2. The 1850 census shows that four old slaves and four younger ones were in the Montgomery Township Poor House. Slaves often used the surname of their owners. Henry Van Derveer, 96, Harry Little, 86, Toney Nevius, 65, and Betty Beekman, 80, were all too old to be of service. Two younger slaves were also there: George Lane, 36, and Caroline Van Pelt. Henry Van Derveer and Toney Nevius could have been slaves on farms in or near Blawenburg. People with these surnames appear on the 1843 Blawenburg Reformed Church membership list.\n3. During the Jim Crow era, many towns had Sundown or Sunset Laws which said that blacks had to be out of town by sundown. If they remained, they did so at their own peril. The Ku Klux Klan were enforcers of Sundown Laws in many areas. There were no such laws in Montgomery Township. The closest know community to have them was Somerset. (See Blog 16 for information about the KKK in Blawenburg.)\n4. Current Dutch Prime Minister, Mark Rutte, apologized in 2022 for his country’s participation in slave trading in the past. In a speech in The Hague, he said, \"For centuries under Dutch state authority, human dignity was violated in the most horrific way possible.\" He called slavery “a crime against humanity.” The Week magazine, 12/20/22\nSeveral people were instrumental in providing information for this blog. Their contributions are greatly appreciated.\nJane Van Zandt researched old church and census records to figure out the names and locations of slaves. Her work was helpful in this blog and will be in future blogs as well.\nKen Chrusz provided information about early slaves.\nAmy Golder-Cooper reported on the will of her ancestor, John Blaw.\nBlawenburg Reformed Church membership list, 1843\nGigantino II, James J. “Trading in Jersey Souls: New Jersey and the Interstate Slave Trade,” Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies. Vol.77, No. 3, 2010.\nGolder-Cooper, Amy. Email re John Blaw will, January, 2023.\nHodges, Graham Russell Gao. 1999. Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East Jersey, 1613-1863. University of North Carolina Press.\n“Manumissions of Slaves in Somerset County. Somerset County Historical Quarterly, V 4, No. 6, October,1912.\n“Slavery in Somerset County,” The Somerset Messenger. Date unknown.\n“The Black Freedom Struggle in Northern New Jersey, 1613-1860: A Review of the Literature,” Montclair State University,\nBark ship – public domain\nNegro sale sign – public domain\nLynching – public domain\nSegregation signs – restroom and swimming – Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI\nCopyright © 2023 by David Cochran. All rights reserved.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- What is the main purpose of CSR?\n- What is CSR advantages and disadvantages?\n- What are the six main characteristics of CSR?\n- Is CSR good for society?\n- What is the impact of CSR?\n- What is CSR and its objectives?\n- How does CSR benefit both company and stakeholders?\n- Is CSR good or bad?\n- What are the disadvantages of CSR?\n- Who is responsible for CSR in a company?\n- What are examples of CSR?\n- What is the process of corporate social responsibility?\n- How do companies benefit from CSR?\nWhat is the main purpose of CSR?\nWhat Is the Purpose of Corporate Social Responsibility.\nThe purpose of corporate social responsibility is to give back to the community, take part in philanthropic causes, and provide positive social value.\nBusinesses are increasingly turning to CSR to make a difference and build a positive brand around their company..\nWhat is CSR advantages and disadvantages?\nA CSR policy improves company profitability and value. The introduction of energy efficiencies and waste recycling cuts operational costs and benefits the environment. CSR also increases company accountability and its transparency with investment analysts and the media, shareholders and local communities.\nWhat are the six main characteristics of CSR?\nThe six core characteristics of CSR follows as the features which shows how CSR is represented with different initiatives and processes ranging from voluntary activities, managing external factors, stakeholder management, alignment of social and economic responsibilities, considering practices and values and finally …\nIs CSR good for society?\nThe companies benefit through lower operating costs, increased sales and customer loyalty, greater productivity, gaining ability to attract and keep skilled employees, getting access to more capital through more willing investors etc. CSR is the thoughtful and practical way to give back to the society.\nWhat is the impact of CSR?\nCSR helps companies further develop the commitment and loyalty of their customers and employees as well as to increase sales and engage in new business activities (Omran and Ramdhony, 2015, p. 40).\nWhat is CSR and its objectives?\nCorporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to initiatives taken up by companies to give back to society. The Financial Times defines it as. a business approach that contributes to sustainable development by delivering economic, social and environmental benefits for all stakeholders.\nHow does CSR benefit both company and stakeholders?\nCSR programmes provide an opportunity for corporations and companies to positively engage with communities across all levels of society. CSR not only benefits communities. It also provides businesses with new and varied opportunities and can often be of mutual benefit for both businesses and the community.\nIs CSR good or bad?\nImplementing a CSR model does more than just help the environment and society, it also has a positive impact on a business’ reputation. … CSR practices also help boost employee morale as employees and employers gain a greater sense of purpose in their work.\nWhat are the disadvantages of CSR?\nDisadvantages of CSRCosts. The factor of costs impacts an organization in two ways when it embeds the system of CSR into its operations. … Clashing of business objectives. … Interests of the shareholders. … Competitive Disadvantage. … Impact upon the reputation of the Corporation.Jun 19, 2018\nWho is responsible for CSR in a company?\nFor a company to be socially responsible, it first needs to be accountable to itself and its shareholders. Often, companies that adopt CSR programs have grown their business to the point where they can give back to society. Thus, CSR is primarily a strategy of large corporations.\nWhat are examples of CSR?\nSome of the most common examples of CSR include:Reducing carbon footprints.Improving labor policies.Participating in fairtrade.Charitable giving.Volunteering in the community.Corporate policies that benefit the environment.Socially and environmentally conscious investments.Feb 25, 2019\nWhat is the process of corporate social responsibility?\nIn today’s competitive business environment, corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs need to go beyond “doing good.” The most successful CSR initiatives tell a company’s story, implement stakeholder feedback, position a company as a leader on social issues, and guide how community investment dollars will best be …\nHow do companies benefit from CSR?\nBenefits of corporate social investment for businesses The potential benefits of CSR to companies include: better brand recognition. positive business reputation. increased sales and customer loyalty.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Only typhoons which passed within a 200-mile square box centered on the\nislands of Rota and Guam and had wind speeds of 64 knots (typhoon strength) or\ngreater within the box were considered. From these typhoons, the following\nconsiderations were applied to select a storm set for modeling. Tracks for the\nselected typhoons are shown in Appendix A.\nStrong and weak typhoon pairs. Typhoons typically approach Guam from\nthe east, continue moving toward the west past the island, and eventually curve\ntoward the northwest. A small number of typhoons have approached from the\nsouth and continued moving northward past the island. Historical typhoons have\nno evident preference for passing on one particular side of the island and occa-\nsionally they pass directly across the island. A representative set of six strong\nand weak typhoon pairs (12 storms) was selected for the following cases, based\non analysis of the types of tracks and storms:\na. West-moving, far north of islands.\nb. West-moving, near north of islands.\nc. West-moving, near south of islands.\nd. West-moving, far south of islands.\ne. North-moving, west of islands.\nNorth-moving, east of islands.\nTyphoons passing near islands. All remaining typhoons which passed close\nto the islands (basically between Guam and Rota or across either island) were\nselected, a total of 14 storms. These storms are considered potentially damaging\nbecause of their proximity to Guam.\nAdditional typhoons. The preceding criteria give a relatively complete and\nrepresentative set of historical storms affecting Guam. Several other typhoons,\nnot chosen initially by the criteria, were also reviewed to insure that all histori-\ncally damaging storms were considered. These included three other candidate\nstrong storms for \"west-moving, far north of islands,\" and a few other typhoons\nwith unusual tracks and some potential for generating wave and flooding impacts\non Rota and/or Apra Harbor. JTWC annual reports and storm reports were con-\nsulted to see if any of these storms caused notable wave and flooding damage.\nBased on these considerations, two additional typhoons were added to the model\nset, giving a total of 28 storms.\nExtreme typhoons. The impact of a typhoon on the study area at Apra\nHarbor can be strongly affected by typhoon track. Historical data provide a\nvaluable record, but storms with small variations in the historical tracks would\nhave been equally likely. For analysis of extremes, it is important to capture\nsmall variations in the most damaging storms which would have caused them to\nbe more damaging to the study area. These are referred to as hypothetical storms.\nTwo historical storms were considered with altered tracks to develop hypotheti-\ncal cases to complete the storm data set: Paka (0597) and Olive (0163). Paka's\nhistorical track past Guam was toward due west, just north of the northern tip of", "label": "No"}
{"text": "conditions may be indicated by the blackened condition of the undersides of\nstreambed rocks. The general extent\noils and sediment deposits such\nas sludge, sawdust, paper fiber, sand, or relict shells should be noted (Plafkin et\nal. 1989). Any abnormalities should be evaluated to determine if further investi-\ngation is needed on pollutant sources and impacts.\nCourse Particulate Organic Matter (CPOM). Plant debris (e.g., leaves, twigs,\nbark) that accumulates in areas of slower moving water may be sampled for stream\nbenthos in the shredder group. Shredders are particularly sensitive to toxins that\noften adsorb to CPOM (Plafkin et al. 1989).\nInterstitial Water. The substrate-water interface is critical as macroinvertebrate\nhabitat. An evaluation of watershed land use or the water column may prompt\nchemical analysis (nutrients, metals, toxins) of the quality of interstitial water\nwithin the substrate and just above the sediment-water interface. Sampling depths\nmay be based on substrate characteristics and known habitat requirements.\nMethods for collecting interstitial water are provided by Simon et al. (1985).\nWater Column Parameters. An assessment of water column physical and\nchemical constituents may be basic information for macroinvertebrate commu-\nnity monitoring. Depending upon objectives, useful water column variables\ninclude: temperature, dissolved oxygen,\nity, color, nutrients, alkalinity, conductivity, metals, pesticides, and toxins.\nStream Fish Habitat. To monitor the\nof land treatment on stream fish,\nStream Fish Habitat\nevaluate ecological conditions that will support the fishery and site potential.\nfish habitat or riverine-riparian habitat includes the riparian vegetation and\nthe designated use of the land and water in the stream channel.\nLand use management practices may cause fish population changes, but it is often\ndifficult to show causality. Changes in fishery management and angler harvest\nalso impair trend detection. Assessment of impact requires site-specific evaluation\nof habitat conditions and fish population fluctuations both before and after\ntreatment (Platts and Nelson 1988). Many habitat features influence fish commu-\nnities, and the variables and methods for their measurement can vary widely.\nStochastic events such as storms or drought should also be tracked since they can\nregulate the structure of stream fish assemblages (Schlosser 1985).\nCommunity Classification. A system of classification pro-\nvides a basis for resource categorizing (Youngblood et al. 1985) and monitoring\nalong with BMP selection and application (Platts 1989). While unique\nriparian communities may exist, the development of monitoring protocols is likely\nto benefit from some method of classification. The classification can standardize\nmonitoringand provideaframeworkforcommunication between thescientist and\nThe riverine-riparian classification is based on a system of geoclimatic factors.\nThe classification is hierarchical and may be described in the context of mapping\nscales as in Lotspeich and Platts (1982). The ecoregion is the largest mapping\nscale, with successively smaller divisions such as geologic district, land type, land\nforms. The lowest is the vegetation type. The concept is based on an integrated\nland-aquatic classification that is used within ecoregions or when ecoregion\nmapping units do not match the desired characteristics.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In the 2007 report Writing Next: Effective Strategies to Improve Writing of Adolescents in Middle and High Schools , eleven strategies are listed as showing statistically proven results. The first of these is to teach students writing strategies. It is reported:\nWriting Strategies (Effect Size = 0.82)\nTeaching adolescents strategies for planning, revising, and editing their compositions has shown a\ndramatic effect on the quality of students’ writing. Strategy instruction involves explicitly and\nsystematically teaching steps necessary for planning, revising, and/or editing text (Graham, 2006).\nThe ultimate goal is to teach students to use these strategies independently.\nIn my opinion, the key to these strategies is to teach strategies “explicitly and systematically.”\nWhat are some steps home schoolers can use to do this?\n1. When assigning a writing project, assign the student to read models of that type of writing.\nFor example, when students are to write “business” letters, we spend time reviewing letters to the editor, letters from companies that come in the mail, and sample “business letters” found on the internet. Likewise, when I am attempting to write a specific type of essay, such as a travel essay, I read lots of these. Usually, I find an anthology of this type of writing and read through it before I even begin writing, but sometimes I first write several rough drafts so my thoughts are on paper, then use the models to guide my revision. In either case, looking to see how others have completed this writing project will help to guide my writing.\n2. Use prewriting tools to organize thoughts on topic.\nA search for a graphic organizer for a writing type or genre will give students one way of organizing their thoughts. Compare and contrast essays are organized differently than persuasive essays. Graphic organizers will help students understand the difference. Simply type the genre and “graphic organizer” into google for several examples.\n3. Use peer editing for revision.\nThe simplest but very effective use of peer editing the writer reading the essay out loud to a parent or sibling or friend. The listener’s only job is to write down questions they have while listening. These questions will help guide revisions because they will force the writer to make clarifications or add information.\n4. Use a checklist for editing.\nA checklist forces students to go through the essay methodically to be sure everything is in order. A checklist which requires students to check for developmentally appropriate writing conventions ensures the student is pushing herself to present a publishable piece of writing. To determine what is developmentally appropriate think about the complexity of the grammar, punctuation and sentence forms being used. For example, if a student is still struggling with writing complete sentences, it is probably not a good idea to require the writing project to include complex/compound sentences.\nThese are easy writing strategies which can be used for every writing project to improve the writing of your home school writer.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A history of medicinal progress in america\nPhotos: history of marijuana in america public perceptions about pot have come a long way medicinal marijuana patient angel raich wipes her eyes during a press conference on march 14, 2007, in oakland, california. The history of fingerprints (iacp) created america's first national fingerprint repository, called the national bureau of criminal identification 1905 us army begins the result does not mean this page about fingerprint history (or any other historical account. Learn all about modern medicine with this guide top categories blood kary banks mullis (born 1944), an american biochemist, author, and lecturer a history of medicine focusing on the science of healing. Browse the new england journal of medicine for medical articles by selecting a topic.\nHow trees defined america rutkow traces the history of the united states through our trees, from the mighty elm in the heart of boston that would become the liberty tree, to california's giant conifers that's a bright spot we have made progress in. This article will highlight historical events and influential individuals who have shaped the history of fitness beginning with primitive man he also introduced the concept of utilizing anthropometric measurements to assess fitness progress the american college of sports medicine. Good medicine, bad behavior: drug diversion in america explore the exhibit the history of prescription drugs 1890s - 1940s 1950s - 1970s history of prescription drugs explore the revolution in therapeutics during the past 120 years. Man has had a long and loving history with herbs for thousands of years this period was not favorable to the progress of herbs in medicine in fact there are three main medicinal herb traditions which derive from herbal use in ancient times. A brief history of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender social movements/bonnie j morris, phd devon carbado and dwight mcbride, eds black like us: a century of lesbian, gay and bisexual african-american fiction, cleis press, 2002. Amedd history about amedd regiment the revolutionary war ran a continental army hospital and wrote the first american preventive-medicine text for army physicians progress was made in vascular surgery to reduce amputations.\nProgress treating disease in the pipeline overview learn more about america's biopharmaceutical companies and how they seek to improve many americans are struggling to afford their medicines and have important questions about their medicine costs let's talk about cost addresses these. History of medicine including vesalius and scientific anatomy, surgery, harvey and circulation, malpighi and microscope, blood transfusion, inoculation, practical measures, jenner and vaccination. The history of cannabis cultivation in america dates back to the early colonists, who grew hemp for textiles and rope california, in the compassionate use act of 1996, became the first state to legalize marijuana for medicinal use by people with severe or chronic illnesses. History of medicinal plants traditional remedies with plants history of medicinal plants when european colonizers arrived in america they were fascinated by the knowledge that the natives had on the medicinal use of the plants. John gast, american progress, 1872 chromolithograph published by george a, crofutt source: prints and photographs division, library of congress.\nA history of medicinal progress in america\nResources on the history of psychiatry history of medicine division of the national library of medicine emily martin, professor of anthropology the great american water-cure craze a history of hydropathy in the united states, by harry b weiss and howard r kemble: trenton, n j.\n- Social studies help for american history the labor union movement in america the roots of our country's trade unions extend deep into the early history of america several of the pilgrims arriving at plymouth rock in 1620 were working craftsmen.\n- It in 1982, from a powerful lobby and an icon of progress to an object of national 1979), 3-16 and ronald l numbers, the history of american medicine: a field in ferment, reviews in american history, 10 (dec 1982), 245-63.\n- The history of medicine 1800 - 1850 the early history of medical licensing tried to force bad medicine onto the populace america was still very young and many remembered the struggle for freedom and liberty.\nSupporting biomedical research americans for medical progress across america's research institutions who are focused on the well-being and comfort of the animals in their charge they work to ensure that each study involves skilled care of the animals by laboratory medicine. A history of western medicine, medical progress and advances who held the chair of the history of medicine at the universities of leipzig and johns hopkins in south america the natives used quinine against swamp fever. Progress of medicine in the south and to-day the readers of american history recognize in jefferson the foremost thinker of his age the opportunities which were conducive to the progress and development of medicine this peculiar society gave to them, however, boldness of thought. From history's earliest civilizations to today, societies have been faced with balancing the medicinal properties of opioids in treating pain with the euphoric effects that have induced its misuse and abuse. Medicine and the industrial revolution 1750-1900the history of medicine how did industrial how might the rivalry between pasteur and koch have been both good and bad for the progress of medicine. Throughout the past several decades the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes has received increasingly more attention in the absence of progress on the federal front this time article provides a brief history of medical marijuana in the united states.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Garden ponds are a fantastic way to increase both the beauty and the value of your home. There is one very real downside, however – mosquitoes.\nThese pests will be happy to make a home in a readily-available source of freshwater! Fortunately, there are some measures you can take to decrease (and even all but eliminate) mosquitoes in your pond – see below!\nDo Garden Ponds Attract Mosquitoes?\nThe life cycle of a mosquito is entirely dependent on water. These bugs lay their eggs on the water’s surface, which hydrates them until they can hatch into larvae.\nThese little guys swim around in the water, and feed on algae, primarily. Eventually, they turn into pupae, which also dwell in the water. It isn’t until they’re fully mature that mosquitoes can finally take into the air!\nAlong with the freshwater, tall grasses and other plants growing alongside a pond are some of the mosquitoes’ favorite perches; this is where they will breed and take a blood-sucking break.\nSo, if you’re not into mosquitoes, you’ve got a couple of options 1) you can remove the pond or 2) you can take some measures to fend the mosquitoes off. Many have also had success with the latter!\nRemove the Pond\n- Rehome Plants and Wildlife\n- Remove any Objects and/or Sediment\nFend Mosquitoes Off\nIf you’ve grown attached to your pond, you may instead wish to opt to fend the mosquitoes off. While they are stubborn pests, there are some sure-fire ways that you can eliminate them and scare them off.\nPond Wildlife (Frogs and Fish)\nThe most effective way to get rid of mosquitoes is with good, old-fashioned, mosquito-eating pond critters. This includes fish, such as goldfish, bluegills, catfish, guppies, and bass, as well as frogs (tadpoles especially), turtles, and more.\nYou can also encourage birds and other mosquito-eating critters to visit (such as dragonflies, which can eat a hundred mosquitoes a day) with eelgrass, baby pondweed, hornwort, and/or a bird feeder!\nInsecticide (Wildlife-Friendly BTI)\nAlong with these other steps, you can also administer a wildlife-friendly insecticide to your pond.\nWhile some insecticides are poisonous to wildlife, too, the best kinds are made up of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (BTI). This will kill many of the mosquitoes off, without putting any other wildlife at risk!\nMosquitofish (They Eat 100-500 Mosquitoes a Day)\nIf you’re not too keen on having many pond critters to care for, you can also opt for mosquitofish only. These are known mosquito-killers, each accounting for roughly 100-500 mosquitoes a day.\nWith a little school of these in your pond, the bulk of your mosquito problem (and their pupae and larvae) is sure to be consumed or scared off!\nJust keep in mind, mosquitofish can be invasive in some areas, so do you your research, and make sure that they stay in your pond (and aren’t part of any runoff, etc.).\nAlso, mosquitofish require a pond environment with 6.5-8 pH, and roughly 80F!\nFor their safety and comfort, mosquitoes depend on stagnant or slow-moving water. Otherwise, they – and their eggs, larvae, and pupae – would be dragged away by the current.\nThey are much more comfortable in slow, easy-to-hatch-and-feed-in water!\nSo, what can you do to make your pond water less stagnant? Try a classic pond filter or aerator! You can also add some water-circulating pond features, such as a waterfall, water wall, or water bubbler!\nKeep Any Algae Under Control\nThere are several methods to keep algae under control in your pond. One suggestion is to place Barley Straw on the pond surface. When this begins to break down it will naturally release peroxides that will break down the algae. You can purchase this product in mini bales or a liquid concentrate.\nAnother line of defense to naturally reduce algae in your pond would be to use some Baking Soda. Bicarbonate, the active ingredient in baking soda. Cleaning your sidewalls with a brush will help kill the algae and is an effective spot treatment.\nHaving an amazing pond in your garden is certainly a tranquil and relaxing feature, but keeping the water circulating and aerated will help to reduce your mosquito population.\nSo your family and friends can enjoy your backyard without getting bitten.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE SCENARIO\nThe country faces great challenge to improve crop productivity\nBy Dr. S.M. ALAM\nMay 10 - 16, 2004\nThe total cropped area of Pakistan was 11.07 million hectares (mha) at the time its inception in 1947. It increased to 22.11 mha in 2003-2004 almost 100 per cent. Its population also went up from 34.3 million to 144.4 million during this period — an increase of 346 per cent. Presently, the country is in the grip of population explosion of severe intensity, and has experienced a greater population growth compared to other developing countries. The population of Pakistan is increasing at the rate of 2.65 per cent and the gap between the supply and demand of agricultural products is widening day by day. The population was about 33.82 million in 1951 and just after 20 years it increased to 65 million. The current population of Pakistan is above 150 million but, it may touch 180 million by year 2010 and 345 million in 2050. Increasing population pressure on quantity and quality in food supply and dwindling land and water resources forces the agriculture to steadily increase the productivity of the land through higher yields and crop intensity. To meet the challenge of food supply to the rapid increasing population, there is an urgent need to boost up crops yield. The issues in developing countries are growing population, fragile food security, low agriculture inputs like fertilizer, poor yields, degrading soils and dependence on imports from the developed world. On the other hand, the land availability per capita will decline. Thus, the country faces great challenge to improve crop productivity per unit of land to ensure national food security in the wake of growing population.\nThe total land area of Pakistan (sq.km.) is 796,096 (Punjab-205,344; Sindh-140,914; NWFP-74,521; Balochistan-347,190, corresponding to 80.0 mha, and 20.60 mha; 14.10 mha; 10.20 mha; 34.67 mha of the four provinces of Pakistan, respectively). Most of the areas in the Punjab and Sindh provinces are comprised of plain land, formed by the River Indus. Pakistan is known for its excellent network of irrigation canals and rich agricultural lands, with three major reservoirs — Tarbela, Mangla and Chashma, 23 barrages, 12 huge inter-river irrigation canals, 63,200 kilometers irrigation canals and more than 106 kilometers of water courses and 107,000 numbers. of field channels. About 1.6 million km (1 million miles ) are covered by water courses, farm channels and field ditches. In addition, the irrigation infrastructure is supplemented by 43.4 MAF groundwater pumpage. The huge network of irrigation serves 43 command areas with 75,000 villages, covering 16.22 mha of the nation cultivated and cropped area of 22 mha. Pakistan had a remarkable 82 per cent of its agricultural area covered by irrigation. The economy of the country is basically agrarian and is heavily dependent on irrigation largely confined to the Indus Plain. Country is part of the sub-continent south of Himalayan mountains situated between longitude 61o and 76o E and latitude 24o and 37o N. The climate in Pakistan is arid to semi-arid with temperatures ranging between 2oC and 50oC. The mean annual precipitation ranges from less than 10 cm to more than 75 cm. There are great variations in the soils of Pakistan.\nPakistan is an agrarian economy. It is the biggest sector of the economy and earns about 40% of the national income from it. Pakistan like many developing countries of the world is faced with the problem of low agricultural productivity. In spite of the fact that our country is blessed with a galaxy of climate, soil condition and irrigation water. The country is totally dependent on agriculture for the supply of food and fibre. Therefore, it is imperative to increase food and fibre production to cope up not only with ever growing requirements of the country, but for the sake of foreign exchange earnings and to attain self-sufficiency. Rapid agricultural growth can stimulate and thus sustain the pace of industrial growth, thus setting into motion a mutually reinforcing process of sustained economic growth. In Pakistan, agriculture is the largest income, generating sector contributing 25 per cent to the GDP. It employs more than 49 per cent of the country's total labour force and supports directly or indirectly about 70 per cent of the population for their sustenance. It contributes about 65 per cent to total export earnings derived from raw and processed agricultural commodities. Apart from the sectors immediate economic contribution it also has indirect linkages with various parts of the economy. Any changes in agricultural productivity, therefore, sends a ripple effect throughout the rural population of Pakistan. It provides food, feed and raw materials for major industries, such as textile, sugar and to several other medium and small scale industries which account for about 50 per cent of total value of industrial production.\nThe agriculture framework in Pakistan is supported to a great extent by a crop sector, with its percentage contribution to agriculture GDP exceeding that of other sector. Pakistan's agriculture, with the advent of Green Revolution, has been one of the striking success stories of the post-independence era. The introduction of the Green Revolution, beginning with the rice and wheat revolutions in the late 1960s, and extending to several other crops including oilseeds in recent years, ushered in an era of food self-sufficiency and improved rural welfare of the country. The National Agricultural Research System in the country is at the forefront in guiding these technological breakthroughs. In Pakistan, both the Federal and Provincial governments are involved in agricultural research. The Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock has the overall coordinating responsibility for agricultural research in the country. The Pakistan Agricultural Research Council is the apex body for agricultural research in the country, which has overall responsibility to support and coordinate agricultural research in the country. Other Federal Institutions involved in research work are ministries of Science and Technology, Water and Power, besides PAEC. Most of these organizations undertake their research activities independently with little coordination in programme planning or budget allocation. Agricultural research by the Provincial governments is scattered among many provincial departments including agriculture (crops), animal husbandry/livestock and fisheries. The maximum numbers of provincial research institutes related to agriculture are as in Punjab-39, Sind-10, Balochistan-7 and NWFP-8. All these institutes in the provinces are purely deal with research work for the agricultural productivity of crops, livestock fisheries, forestry, poultry, reclamation of salt-affected lands, etc.\nThe yields of crop in Pakistan are comparatively lower than those of agriculturally advanced countries. The general problems associated with agriculture of this region are scarcity of water, floods, water logging, alkalinity, soil erosion, low yield per unit area, low yield per acre unit and traditional and old methods of cultivation. The most fundamental constraint in Pakistan is water availability which, limits further expansion of agriculture, therefore its efficient use must be given high priority apart from the general problems, other include poor quality seeds, poor soil management, low yielding varieties, lack of crop protection methods, shortage of irrigation water, credit facilities and non-application of modern technology in raising crops, contribute to the low yield and poor quality of crops. There is an immense need to bring an improvement by strengthening the research programmes for the best utilization of the existing resources. Research programmes should include evolution of high yielding varieties showing maximum potential for various climatic and soil conditions. New varieties may be evolved which should be fertilizer responsive, and can grow well under right moisture supply conditions and are resistant to pests and diseases. All these parameters determine that Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture should still play a predominant role in future in order to produce earnings to meet rapidly increasing local food demand and to increase foreign exchange earnings by agricultural commodity export. Researchers may make effort to enhance protein contents of cereals and other edible crops so as to overcome the problem of protein deficiency as most of the people in country fall in average income groups of the population, who cannot afford to consume the much needed but costly animal proteins.\nThe land of the country is classified as arid to semi-arid because rainfall is not sufficient to grow agricultural crops, forest and fruit plants and pastures. The cultureable area of Pakistan is 35.4 mha, forest land 3.5 mha, cultureable waste 8.6 mha, cultivated area 22 mha, waterlogged and salt affected area in the Indus Basin is 6.8 mha, salt affected area outside Indus Basin is 6.3 mha. The hot deserts extend over some western areas and Thar, Cholistan and Thal. The Thar and Cholistan are part of the great Indian desert and cover the area east of the southern half of the Indus plains. The Thal area is between the Jhelum and Indus Rivers. Agricultural production in Pakistan is still three to four times less compared with some developed countries like USA, Japan, Holland, France, UK, etc. The total cultivated area increased from 19.2 million ha in 1965 to 22.0 million ha in 2000. Since area under cultivation cannot be increased significantly, therefore, due attention has to be paid to mechanical as well as other inputs in order to meet the problems of food, fibre and shelter for the growing population of Pakistan.\nFertility of soil is decreasing day by day due to intensive cropping in order to fulfil the needs of rapidly growing population. To maintain the fertility status of soils in order to supply adequate nutrients for plants, application of different fertilizers is recommended by the agriculturist scientists. Like many other parts of the world, salinity and water logging are the major constraints limiting crop production in Pakistan. Of the 22.2 mha of the total cultivable land, 6.3 mha are salt-affected. Soil salinity may be robbing, Pakistan of about 25% of its potential production of major crops. A major part of salt-affected soils (about 3.5 mha) are presently cultivated to rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, rape seed and other crops with substantial reduction in yield. Water is a unique natural resource. In Pakistan, conservation and management of water supplies is crucial as the demand for water continues to rise because of burgeoning population. Pakistan agriculture is predominantly irrigated. Water is one of the most limiting constraint for agricultural production in Pakistan. Water shortage is a major factor impeding growth of the agricultural sector. Fluctuations in weather conditions, deficient in storage capacity and poor use of available water, culminate in water acting as a major constraint to agricultural growth. The recent drought in Pakistan has meant that during 2000-01 production of cotton bales was down by 2.1 millions while wheat, sugarcane and rice crop were lower by 4.1, 7.6 and 1.2 million tons, respectively. A substantial amount of water is also lost annually due to water management inefficiency. Water losses are estimated to be approximately 25 per cent from the canal head to the outlet and another 15 per cent from the outlet to the farm gate mainly due to poorly linked canals and water courses.\nThe basic constraint in the development of agriculture in our country is inadequate irrigation supplies, widespread occurrence of water logging and salinity and low level of modern farm inputs. Inadequate water supplies have resulted in low cropping intensities and are moreover responsible for low yield. Pakistan is blessed by nature with fertile lands, network of rivers, sunshine, versatile climate, and vast potential of agricultural production. The country's major agricultural areas lie within the smooth plains formed naturally by mighty Indus River since time immemorial and its several tributaries such as Kabul, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej, which flow in southwardly directions, finally enter into a single stream and flowing into Arabian Sea near Karachi. However, due to mismanagement of water resources, inadequate drainage systems, poor performance of existing irrigation and drainage systems, the agricultural production is far below its potential.\nAt present, only 16.5 million hectares are under canal irrigation being fed by Tarbella, Mangla and Chashma reservoirs, 22 barrages, 12 inter-river link canals and 48 main canals. Water available at the farm gate after accounting, farm losses and run offs has increased from 50 MAF in 1961-62 to 101 MAF in 1988-89. Estimates show that about 60 per cent of water is lost during conveyance through canals distributions and water courses. Water available from tubewells through groundwater pumpage amounts to 46 MAF. So, the total water available for 22.5 mha land is 144 MAF of which 97% is used in agriculture and the remaining 3% for domestic and industrial purposes. Out of 144 MAF, around 106 MAF is annually diverted into one of the largest irrigation system.\nAgricultural sector of Pakistan is usually divided into four main sub-sectors: crops, livestock and fisheries. The crop sector accounts for about 65 per cent of agriculture share in the GDP. Blessed with abundantly available national resources and favourable climate, Pakistan stands as an ideal place for crop, animal, forestry and fish production. Of these, crop sector accounts 69 per cent of agriculture's GDP, while livestock accounts for 30 per cent. Forestry and fisheries make up less than 2 per cent of the total. Agriculture is therefore, the leaching sector and backbone of our economy. There are about 65 large and small institutes and over 62 sub-stations, etc. in the country. All research activities undertaken today's in the country pertaining to agriculture are being carried out by both provinces, (numbering four) and federal government. The Federal government plays a defined role in policy making, inter-provincial coordination, and foreign trade of agriculture related commodities. There are two growing seasons of crops in Pakistan, i.e. Kharif (summer) and Rabi (winter). In Kharif season, mostly rice, cotton, sugarcane, maize, etc. crops are grown, while in Rabi, the crops like wheat and vegetables are grown. Other crops grown in the country are bajra, jawar, barley, tobacco, sugar beet, guar, gram, mung, mash, masoor, bean, peas, rapeseed, mustard, groundnut, sesamum, linseed, castorseed, onion, garlic, chillies, turmeric, ginger, potato, tomato. At present, the production of cereal crops are: 26880 x 103 metric tons annually, while the domestic utilization of cereals are 24829 x 103 m.tons and per capita supply of cereal is 1445 kg/year. On the other hand, the areas of food crops, cash crops, pulses and edible oilseeds in hectares are: 12.358, 4078, 1329 and 516 respectively, with the production of 25986, 45867, 621 and 4091 m.tons, respectively.\nWHEAT: Wheat is a major and most important food crop and a staple food of Pakistan. Wheat is the main staple food for the vast majority of the country's population and occupies a central position among food grains. On an average each household spends about 17 per cent of its total food expenditure on wheat and wheat flour. It contributes 12.5% to the value added in the agriculture sector of the economy and accounts for nearly 38 per cent of the total cropped area, 30 per cent of the value added by major crops and 76 per cent of the total production of food grains. The most remarkable progress has been made in the improvement of wheat yields during the last few decades. Perhaps the most notable success was the development of short statured varieties, which under optimal conditions of fertility and water supply out yielded the tall traditional types. The production of wheat per acre differs from area to area and farm to farm as some allied and supporting factors have to be taken into account, while calculating yield. The availability of the irrigation water through canals mainly contribute to the growth and production of wheat. The average per acre yield of wheat is estimated between 20 and 25 mounds and above it needs an extra effort as well as natural supporting factors. Wheat is the most important food crop of Pakistan and has remained the central theme of self-sufficiency programme in the country. With the advent of 'Green Revolution', national wheat production has increased from 4 million tons in 1965-66 to over 7 million tons in 1968-69, making Pakistan the first developing country in Asia to achieve self-sufficiency in wheat production. During the last 40 years, the new wheat varieties have been regularly evolved by various wheat breeding programmes in the country. The Federal Committee on agriculture has estimated that the output of wheat crop is likely to touch 20.1 million tons, which will be sufficient to fulfil the country,s requirement during 2004-2005. Pakistan stands within the ten wheat producing country in the world. Wheat is grown on an area of 83.25 million hectares with an average of 2290 kg/ha. However, the yield per hectare is low compared to other wheat producing countries of the world. The important wheat varieties grown in the country are Zargoon, Sariab-92, Pavon. Zamindar, Fbd-85, Inqulab. Mehran-89, Anmmol, Punjab-96, Pasban, Kohistan, Margalla, Chakwal-97, Jauhar-78, Sindh-81, Sarsabz, Soghat-90, Bakhtawar, Kiran, Tatara, Fakhr-e-Sarhad, etc.\nThere is an urgent need to increase the yield of wheat per acre and that can be increased by the use of high yielding varieties, certified seed, fertilizers in right proportion, pesticides, adequate quantities of water, larger labour, input resulting in better tillage operations, and strictly following the crop calendar. This is only possible when the crop is properly planted, at an optimum time, with an insuring optimum stand, and the required tilling. In addition, when adequate moisture and plant nutrients to sustain vigorous growth are available and when there is no major loss due to weeds competition, disease attack or insect infestation. These factors are poor seed bed preparation, late sowing, quality of seed, inadequate and ill-time irrigation, fertilizer, weed competition, insect and disease control, cultural practices, harvesting losses. Need for additional steps: Increasing the yield per acre is vital if self-sufficiency in wheat is to attained. This can be done only by technological advancement and improved irrigation. Some important measures which could raise yield are listed below:i) Plant breeders should be motivated to develop new high yielding wheat varieties especially those which are fit for late sowing; ii) Production and distribution of certified seed of the existing recommended varieties should be undertake earnestly on an emergency basis. This is crucial for sustaining momentum and deserves almost attention; iii) Wheat should be sown at proper time. Timely and adequate irrigation should be ensured.\nFor this, the public representatives should be required to be in their respective areas at the time of sowing;iv) Fertilizer application in adequate quantities in right proportion and at the right time must be ensured; v) Farmers should be inspired to eliminate weeds from fields. These measures, if implemented in earnest, could double the yield and make the country not only self-sufficient but also able to export wheat. The major area of wheat in Pakistan lies in Punjab followed by Sindh. However, the yield per hectare is slightly higher in Sindh as compared to Punjab. While, the area under the crop has increased by 3% in the Punjab and by 9.4% in the NWFP over the last year, it has decreased by as much as 25% in Sindh and by 55% in Balochistan. To become self sufficiency in wheat, Pakistan has all the required basic ingredients such as fertile land, sufficient irrigation water, hard working farmers, certified seed varieties of local and foreign origin and modern technology in abundance, provided these are utilized to full potential, which is only possible, if there is a firm will on the part of the planners. This incentive encouraged farmers to apply sufficient amounts of DAP and urea to the field. Wheat price was raised from Rs. 240 to Rs. 300 for per 40 kg at the time of sowing the crop. Last year, this timely measures help the farmers to increase wheat production. At the time of wheat sowing in Rabi Season (Nov-Dec.), the government had taken and the hard work put in by our farmers. All this was the result of certain measures taken by the government. About 75 per cent of wheat are sown in irrigated area and 25 per cent in the rain-fed regions. The latest official estimates indicate that against the target of 19.25 million tons for the current year, the production of wheat is touching a record level of 21 million tons as compared to 18.8 million tons.\nSouthern Punjab had excelled in wheat production last year, but the crop is now reported to be languishing in the region. The officials concerned concede that the crop in southern Punjab where output had averaged between 30 and 60 mounds per acre has not been given even the first watering from the country's irrigation system. There is no way of striving the damage done to the wheat in the field. Farmers are complaining of stunted growth of plants, they have not risen beyond 14 inches to a maximum of 20 inches in most cases and the message is a substantially scuttled yield per acre. Punjab heavily relies on the use of groundwater for meeting irrigation requirements of crops, but groundwater is largely brackish and need to be mixed with canal water for sustaining productivity. In the absence of canal water, tube-wells have mostly not been commissioned, because of high electricity charges are another discouraging factor for the common and poor farmers. There was a strong case for increasing the price of wheat of the mounting inflation and constantly rising cost of inputs. All this adds to the woes and agonies of the farmers who had responded to well last year to the incentive with a record produce of wheat crop.\nThe water crisis was looming frighteningly large across the country and planning should have been undertaken at the start of the wheat cultivation season. That may have helped to avoid the problems, that now seems certain to severely hit the crop. The domestic consumption is about 18 million tons of wheat. This target seems to be well within the reach due to support price mechanism introduced by the government to evolve internet of the growers in certain crops. Even the calculated target of 20 million tons of wheat would be enough to cater to the need of the country. However, all such exit exports from where wheat is smuggled out into Afghanistan, Iran and Central Asian states would be required to ground to plug the leakage. Punjab was expecting a total wheat production of 16.65 million tons, Sindh 2 million tons and NWFP and Balochistan 0.73 million tons and 0.5 tons, respectively. There are only two ways to increase wheat production increased acerage and/or increased per hectare yield. To break the stagnation in the agriculture sector for the production of crops, the huge water losses in the irrigation system should be checked, the infrastructure in the rural areas to be developed to improve farm to market delivery and proper education and training to acquaint the farmers in modern agriculture practices are required. Devoted and concerted efforts associated with scientific approach are needed to make each province and only self sufficient in food but producing export surplus to give a strong helping hand to the national economy. In addition, following factors are suitable for increasing wheat production:i) Prior to sowing, wheat fields must be well leveled and cleared from previous plant debris and weeds; ii) Seed of high yielding wheat varieties resistant to rusts, smuts, etc. be sown in sufficient amount; iii) Seed treatment with a suitable insecticide should be carried out carefully; iv) Timely sowing is an important factor. This phenomenon will help in good seed germination, and ultimately will improve the yield productivity; v) Timely application of nitrogen-phosphatic fertilizers will be carried out; vi) Weeds being the main robbers of plant food from soil, space and even light required for wheat plants, be controlled by cultural practices and in case of heavy infestation, may be eliminated by application of herbicides, weedicides. This technique will definitely increase yield.\nRICE: Rice is the second most important crop brings economic prosperity of the growers as well as earns billions of rupees through its export for country. Pakistan fine rice commonly known as Basmati is world famous and enjoys monopoly in the international market, due to its quality characteristics, strong aroma, slender and long kernel, intermediate amylose content, gelatinization, temperature and high degree of grain elongation on cooking. However, the grain yield of basmati rice varieties is very low. In order to remain in the International market, we have to further improve the quality as well as yield of basmati varieties. Rice plays a pivotal role in the agro-based and occupies a conspicuous position in agricultural economy of Pakistan.\nRice occupies 11 per cent of the country's cropped area and contributes about 17 per cent of food grain production. Rice is cultivated over an area of 2.51 million hectares with an production of 5.1 m tons as estimated for the year 2003-2004. Punjab is the biggest producer of rice in the country and contributes 48 per cent to national production while the provinces of Sindh, Balochistan and NWFP to 41, 8 and 3 per cent, respectively. Some of the important varieties grown in the country are Super Basmati, Basmati 385, Basmati 2000, Shaheen Basmati, Shua-92, Shadab, Khushboo, NIAB-IRRI-9, KS-282. All rice is irrigated and mainly transplanted. On an average, each household in Pakistan spends about 3.8 per cent of its total food expenditure on rice and rice flour. It is the second staple food and contributes more than 2 million tons to Pakistan's national food requirement. Besides, it is a source of foreign exchange earnings and in the year 2000-2002 about 2 million tons rice at worth Rs. 2.6 billion was exported. The contribution of basmati and coarse rice in rice exports was 54 and 46% respectively. After Thailand, Vietnam, United States and India, Pakistan is the fifth largest rice-exporting country in the world. Despite the prime position of rice in the national economy and world market, the average yields in Pakistan are discouragingly low being only 2.7 and 1.6 tons/ha in comparison with 3.92, 2.98, 6.58, 6.34 and 8.91 tons/ha of India, USA, China and Egypt, respectively.\nCOTTON: Cotton and its produce is obtained in the shape of seed cotton and cotton lint. Cotton is the second most important cash crop of our country after wheat, in terms of area and value added. It is a creditable source of valuable foreign exchange for the country with an annual production of 9-10 million bales. Accounting for over sixty per cent of Pakistan's foreign exchange earnings, cotton is the country's most vital economic asset. During 1991, Pakistan ranked third globally after China and the US, in production and was the first in cotton export. The highest yield achieved in Pakistan was 12.28 million bales in 1991-92. The cotton grown in the world is on 34369 x 103 hectares with the production of 2711 x 103 m.tons with an area yield of 574 kg/ha. Other major growing countries are India (87 x 105 ha production, 2711 x 103 m.tons and yield 312 kg/ha); USST (545 x 103 ha production, 397 x 104 m.tons and yield 729 kg/ha); China (50 x 106 ha production, 4 x 106 m.tons and yield 800 kg/ha); Pakistan (3253 x 103 ha production, 1859 x 103 m.tons and yield 572 kg/ha); Turkey (72 x 104 ha production, 798 x 103 m.tons and yield 1108 kg/ha); Egypt (374 x 105 ha production, 338 x 103 m.tons and yield 901 kg/ha); Australia (37 x 104 ha production, 577 x 103 m.tons and yield 1560 kg/ha); Syria (222 x 105 ha production, 227 x 103 m.tons and yield 1023 kg/ha).\nThe Federal Standing Committee on cotton crop has estimated 10.7 million bales of cotton production for the year 2003-2004 with shares of provinces as: Punjab (7.9 m bales), Sindh (2.55 m bales ), Balochistan (0.122 m bales), and NWFP (0.012 m bales ). Cotton is known as the silver fibre of Pakistan. In Pakistan, cotton crop is cultivated in the southern Punjab and Sindh. It brings cash returns to the farmers, supplies raw materials to the textile industry and provides employment in both the rural and the urban areas. Cotton is the major textile fibre used by man. It is also providing livelihood to over 5 million people at the farm and industry and trade, furnishes raw material for 1035 ginneries and 445 textile mills and 650 oil expelling units in the country. Over the last several years, raw cotton and its textile products have contributed on an average about 60 per cent of the total annual national exports, besides providing employment to a sizeable manpower of the country. It also yields 3.4 to 3.6 million tons of cotton seeds, which contributes over 64 per cent of the local edible oil production. Cotton seed is also used extensively in milk production In addition, over 2 million tons cotton oil cake is also obtained which is used as livestock feed in general. A significant part of cotton seed is also fed to the lactating animals. Thus, in the country cotton plays a vital role in the economic development of the country in both the majors sectors of agriculture and industry. Punjab and Sindh are the major cotton growing provinces The respective shares of the two provinces in cotton production are estimated at 81 and 19 per cent, respectively.\nCotton is a major summer crop and planted in March/April in Sindh and picking is done in September and in upper Sindh and Punjab, sowing is carried out between May and June, while the picking period extends from October to January. Cotton picking is done entirely by women. The time of sowing is so adjusted that the young seedlings escape the early summer heat as much as possible. The climate of lower Sindh is milder than that of upper Sindh and the Punjab. It sown on nearly 3 million hectares, contributing 29 per cent to the value added by major crops, Thus, is grown on about 12 per cent of the cropped area which is higher than any other cash crop. Cotton in Pakistan is mostly grown on the alluvial plains of the Indus basin. Cotton is grown on loamy soil, and requires a minimum temperature of 25oC and a maximum of 35oC.\nSoil texture is silty loam, not high in sand or clay content. These soils are deep and have high water holding capacity most of which is available to the plant during the growing period. Cotton needs 5-6 watering, 24 inches from flat fields and 16 for ridge cultivation and 6-7 pesticide sprays depending on the intensity of pest infestation. It competes directly with rice in those areas where both crops can be cultivated. Cotton in combination with winter crops also competes indirectly with sugarcane as the latter occupies land resources round the year. The yield of cotton in the Punjab which contributes nearly 82 per cent in the total production ranged from 470 to 602 kg/hectare. A series of virus have significantly lowered the yield, although Pakistan's agricultural scientists have produced virus resistant seeds that have revived the crop.\nSUGARCANE: In Pakistan, sugarcane is grown in three soils and climate zones, the tropical Sindh, the sub-tropical Punjab and the temperate Peshawar valley of NWFP. It is cultivated successfully in tropical area between 25o N and 28o S latitude, mostly around the equator but nowadays it can also be grown well in sub-tropical areas, where summer temperatures favour this crop and irrigation facilities are available. Sugarcane is an important cash crop of Pakistan. It ranks fourth in average cultivation after wheat, rice and cotton. It is the mainstay of the sugar industry. Sugarcane and sugars are the important sources of income and employment to the farming community as well as the urban population of the country. Sugar industry of Pakistan is second to textiles. Sugarcane was cultivated on an area of 1000 thousand hectares during the current fiscal year. In order to enable the country to be self-sufficient in sugar, a minimum area of 1.150 million hectares should remain under cane cultivation, which can produce 50.1 million tons at an average yield of 46 tons/ha as estimated for 2003-2004. It has been observed that area, production and yield per hectare of sugarcane has increased remarkably since the inception of Pakistan, but it is a matter of great concern, that yield per hectare and sugar recovery is very low as compared with other sugarcane growing countries of the world. Average yield of sugarcane in the world is about 65 tons per hectare, while in Pakistan, it is around 46 tons. Thus, in Pakistan, the yield of sugarcane is very low as compared to other sugarcane producing countries of the world, like 67 tons per hectare in India having soil and climatic conditions almost similar to those in Pakistan, 50 tons per hectare in Mexico, 80 tons per hectare in Australia, 86 tons per hectare in Indonesia and 80 tons per hectare in Hawaii, USA and 110 tons Egypt. It is assumed that sugarcane yield can be increased with use of improved varieties, use of adequate balanced fertilizer, management of pests and diseases, proper irrigation, standard soil preparation and recommended seed rate for plant crop with top of the priority then it is possible to increase the yield of plant. At present, sugar industry faces great dearth of quality varieties and water shortage.\nVariety is the pre-requisite and major requirement for crop improvement. Sugarcane growers are always interested in the cultivars that offer more tonnage, while miller is more conscious of quality. In general, cultivars to be proffered are those which are high yielding, disease resistant, broad-spectrum adaptability. Some of the prominent sugarcane varieties growing in the country are NIA-98, BL-4, L-118, PR-1000, Ghulabi, Thatta-10, etc. At present, sugar industry consists of 78 units — 32 in Sindh; 40 in the Punjab and 6 in NWFP. These mills crushed 29 million tons sugarcane and produced about 2.4 million tons of sugar. Sugar production in Sindh has been above one million tons with maximum at 1.374 million tons devoting a surplus of about half a million tons. Based on 160 days season, these sugar mills have a total crushing capacity of 60 million tons of sugarcane capable to produce 5 million tons of refined sugar and 3 millions of molasses. It is grown on an area of 1.12 million hectares. The average production is 46 tons/hectare. The per capita consumption of sugar in the country is about 26 kg. It is one of the world's valuable nutritious food and is the main source of carbohydrates and provides inexpensive calories for human body.\nA salient feature of sugarcane produce in Pakistan is as: Operations mills-67; cane crushing capacity-60 million tons; production refined sugar-5 million tons; molasses-3 million tons; average sugarcane yield per hectare-45 tons; world-60 tons; average recovery-8.62%; in 2002, 74 sugar mills produced 3.52 million tons; national demand-3.20 million tons; labour force 10 people; 5 years average cost of production (1996-2000) Rs. 14850/ton; 5 years average selling price (1996-2000) Rs. 14920/ton; land under cultivatin-1.12 million hectares; land required to cultivate and achieve self-sufficiency in production-1.15 million tons. With population increase of 155.60 million in 2005, the country will need the domestic requirement of 3.42 million tons of sugar, therefore, the area in hectare will have to increase upto 1.15 million hectares. Shortage of water will badly effects the sugarcane production. Non-availability of high yield sugarcane varieties improper preparation of proper timings for cultivation, insufficient availability of irrigation water for the crop. In adequate imbalanced use of fertilizers and pesticides. NIA, Tandojam successfully evolved a new high-yielding sugarcane variety NIA-98 for cultivation in Sindh. It has an erect and forth growing habit. Its cane is medium to thick and tall with long intermodes.\nEDIBLE OIL: Despite the fact that Pakistan is overwhelming an agrarian economy, it is enable to produce edible oil sufficient for domestic requirements and substantial amount of foreign exchange is spent on the import of soybean and palm oil. Pakistan spent 413 USA dollars on the import of oil. The total requirement of edible oil which is estimated at 1.55 million tons. However, the domestic production of various types of edible oil is around 62 x 104 tons annually and therefore, the short fall of about 93 x 104 tons s met through imports of palms oil and soybean oil. Per capita consumption of edible oil is 11 kg. Pakistan is facing a serious shortage of edible oil because its domestic production is far below the demand. Consequently, lion's share of foreign exchange has to be incurred on oil import every year. The amount on oil import is increasing every year. Edible oil in Pakistan is produced from cotton, rape seed, mustard, groundnut and sesamum, while sunflower, soybean and safflower are recent past introductions. The areas and production of different oil seed crops in the country are: cotton (2961060 ha and production 3636929 tons); rapeseed (282475 ha and production 209400 tons); sunflower (117360 ha and 209916 tons); canola (66370 ha and production 81750 tons); and others (9715 ha and production 11600 tons). The edible oil ranks the highest among the imported food items. In order to save an average outflow of foreign exchange of about $ 700 million on account of import of edible oil there is strong need to accelerate efforts in the agricultural sector to steadily increase the local production of oil seeds. Oil content is high in sunflower seed which indicates an immense potential for a substantial growth. The country's major source of edible oil is cottonseed.\nFORESTRY: Pakistan does not possess adequate forest resources since forest area constitutes a meager 4.8 per cent of the total land area. A desired level of 22 to 25 per cent is considered to be essential for economic growth of a country as suggested by the United Nations. The forest sector despite its small size makes its presence felt by employing half a million people, supporting 30 million herds of livestock, conserving soil, regulating water flow for irrigation and power generation, reducing sedimentation, maintaining ecological balance, providing 3.7 million cubic meters of wood and one third of the nations energy requirements. There is a great need for increasing forests to meet the growing requirement of firewood, timber, which provide vital coverage to the country's watersheds and regulate the supply of water in the rivers. Pakistan's forests are a valuable basic natural resource, which provides food, fodder, forage for cattle, fuel wood, timber wood for building and other materials, and medicinal plants. They provide shelter and protection and are a source of income and employment. Forests play a crucial role in the protection of the environment, provide oxygen to the air, we breath and influencing the climate. Forestry as it exists today in Pakistan is generally characterized by lack of adequate area under forests, very low per capita consumption of wood and use of out-dated forest technology in planting and harvesting operations. According to a report, there are only five per cent of the total land area of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Because of low forest area and wood production, the per capita consumption of wood is very low. Pakistan is inherited with a very small forest area at the time of independence. Most of land area in Pakistan is arid and receives low precipitation on which natural tree is not possible without artificial irrigation. Further, in view of importance of agriculture, forestry development was given low priority despite the fact that population has increased threefold with the concomitant rise in living standard of the people during this period. Lack of awareness of importance of forests in the agricultural economy has also been responsible for forest devastation and low priority given to the development of this resource.\nMost of the forestry operations are currently done manually with the help of out-dated tools, equipment and machinery by untrained workers. The productive forest is spread over 1.5 million hectares. In order to meet the shortage of timber and wood a sizeable quantity of timber and timber based products is imported from foreign countries. The import money of wood and wood products has been increasing gradually. If we compare the forest area of the country to that of other developing and developed countries, the situation is quite serious. There are many countries in the world, whose forests per cent areas of their total land areas are quite enough compare to our country. In order to improve the productivity of the existing forestry in the country, efforts should be made to introduce quantity planting stocks, fast growing tree species, improved lagging practices, intensification and participation in plantations management, problem-oriented research and training programmes. Other important points to be followed honestly are, that the illegal cutting of trees should be strictly checked, trees should be planted on the farms, factories, enclosures, roads, rails, canals and river banks and radio, TV media should popularize the importance of forests phenomenon of the country. Growing trees are, in fact a bit of a specialized job particularly in a climate marked by extremes of heat and cold and it should be treated as such the Forest Department would be much more successful if it depends on its efforts than on individuals or organizations, which at best can only extend supplementary help. Afforestation is an expensive undertaking and cannot be pursued vigorously without adequate funds. Massive deforestation that has been going on unchecked for the last 50 years has denuded large tracts in the Northern areas.\nLIVESTOCK: Both the livestock and poultry sector of Pakistan play an important role in agricultural performance. The livestock sector contributes 37.5 per cent to agricultural value added; approximately 9.5 per cent to GDP and 12.5 per cent to Pakistan's export earnings. Within rural households, livestock activities generate additional income for households, in which nearly 30-35 million people in rural areas are involved in this sector. Production of poultry has also accelerated in recent years with almost every rural family and one in every five urban families being involved in poultry production activities. The most important livestock in the country are cattle, sheep, cow, hare, ass, poultry. Livestock provides draught power, manure to farming system and milk products to households. Livestock being one of the important sub-sectors of agriculture assume a pivotal position in the whole economy strategy of Pakistan. The sector is closely linked to crop products and population. It covers about 38 per cent of the agricultural value added and in providing directly or indirectly employment to about 50 per cent of the population and 8.3 per cent to the gross domestic product (GDP). Besides, being a source of milk, meat and eggs; livestock provides draught power for agricultural operations and industrial raw materials.\nPakistan is lucky in having two best tropical and sub-tropical breeds of buffaloes such as: Nili-Ravi and Kundi breed, eight recognized breeds of cattle of Hostein Friesian and Jersey breeds as well as their crossbreads with local cattle (Sahiwal, Red Sindhi and Thari), Dera Din Pench, Beetal, Nachi and Kamori goats and Lohi, Kjli, Keghani, Damani and salt Range sheep are augmenting animals production in the country. In the year 2003, the domestic livestock population is estimated is 23.3 million buffaloes, 22.4 million cattle, 24.2 million sheep, 49.1 million goats, 0.8 million camels, 0.32 million horses, 0.19 million mules, 3.8 million donkeys and 164.6 million poultry. For the year 2001, they produce 26284 x 103 tons milk, 1009 x 103 tons beef, 660 x 103 tons mutton, 2008 x 103 tons poultry meat, 39.2 x 103 tons wool, 18.6 x 103 tons hair, 333.7 x 103 tons bones, 124 x 103 tons fats, 8,677 million numbers eggs, 7.8 million numbers hides, 38.2 million numbers skins and 41.9 x 103 tons blood. Similarly, for the year 2000, the population in thousands of cattle 22424, buffaloes 20272; sheep 23544; goats 47166; camels 816; horses 334; asses 3559; mules 132; poultry 63198 have been reported.\nThe need for improving the per head productivity of livestock in the country is imperative to cope with the demand in future. So far whatever increases in national production of milk and meat have been achieved are mainly due to increased production of livestock. If the livestock population is allowed to increase with the existing rate there will be more than 20 million buffaloes, 24 million cattle, 39 million sheep and 49 million goats in the country by the end of the year-2001. Pakistan has an excellent wealth of animals. The varieties of our animals have no parallel in the world. Some of the varieties are of very high quality, but little efforts have been made to make further improvement and develop new species. The main problem of our dairy is not the production, but of introduction of modern technology and giving it a status of industry. Cattle ranches can be developed in Pakistan, because of the availability of rangelands occupying 70 per cent of the land area Rangelands suffer from lack of management. If this is on the basis of modern technology then a large number of modern cattle and dairy farms can be established to get large production of animal quality-as well high yield of their products. Ranching is a modern livestock farming organized on the pattern of an industrial project. Most of the farming processes are mechanized. Cultivation of fodder is done mechanically without involving the use of fertile land. Separate feeds are prepared for different age groups and types of animals.\nFRUITS AND VEGETABLES: Pakistan experiences different climatic conditions in its different regions, which provides it with a unique opportunity of growing fruits and vegetables all year round. Each region of Pakistan is adept at growing particular kinds of fruits. The horticultural sector has the potential of contributing significantly to the income of farmers and export incomes of Pakistan. A different kind of fruits are grown in the country, i.e. citrus, mango, banana, apple, guava, apricot, peach, pears, plums, grapes, pomegranate, dates, almonds. The areas of all the fruits in Pakistan are: 672.4 x 103 hectares with a total production of 5891.7 x 103 m.tons, annually. The vegetables grown in the country are: lady finger, carrot, radish, onion, tomato, potato, garlic, cauliflower, brinjal, peas, beans, cucumber, turnip, pumpkin, green chillies, ball pepper, kakri, ginger, cabbage., spinach, kulfa, The vegetables production are almost sufficient to meet the country requirements. etc.\nFISHERIES: The fishery sector contributes a small per centage to GDP but a large per centage to the export sector through its exports of shrimp and fish. During 2001-2002, fish and fisheries products worth nearly 6 billion rupees were exported, generating substantial amount of foreign exchange. Everybody knows that fish production is an important source of protein and income through export, and employment of the manpower. It also plays an important role in the economy of the country. The per capita consumption of animal protein in the country is very low and it is only about 8.8 kilograms per person per year. Fish is an important protein source for much of the world's population, and the ease with which a number of fish species can be cultured makes it likely that the important of fish as food for us, can only increase. The fish culture produces only 1.8 kg per year of the protein. In other countries, it is about 120 kg per person per year. The marine fish production in Pakistan is 614800 tons both from inland and marine in the year 2000. Pakistan obtains it fish from Arabian sea, which has a coastal area of about 1000 kilometers, which covers Karachi and Balochistan coastal belts and these areas are totally barren because of non-availability of fresh water for any plantation or other agricultural activities. However, large of sub-surface brackish water is available all along. As much as about 500 species of fish are found in Arabian Sea.\nPakistan has about 125 species of which about 30 have great commercial values. As many as 20 valuable species of shrimps and role lobsters are also found in this area. Pakistan has large inland water resources. They mainly comprise of the Indus River. The marine fishing catch in the country has rose from 32,893 mt in 1986 to 433,500 in 1988. It has further increased in 2001 to 614800 metric ton. However, its catching capacity is vary from area to area and seasons. It has been reported that in Balochistan coastal area the catch is lower than the coast of Sindh. A large portion of fish catch us processed in various forms. The methods are freezing, canning and reductions to fishmeal. Almost all the frozen and canned fishery products are exported, while only about 25 per cent processed fish meal is exported and remaining is consumed locally in the manufacture of poultry feed and other edible items. Similarly, about 45 per cent of the total fish productions are utilized in the production to fishmeal, 35 per cent, marketed as fresh fish and for local consumption. Pakistan consists of the Indus watershed system, dams, barrages, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, canal and disused canals. The names of some important fishing crafts used in catching fish from marine land and inland waters are: sail boats, rowboats, mechanical-cum-sail boats, trawlers, gill-netters. The inland fish industry in Pakistan is facing the problem of fish seed production in the hatcheries, research and organization. The farmers are experiencing difficulty in acquiring fish seed of food-fish to solve this problem, research base needs to be strengthened to permit expansion of food-fish seed production and distribution so that its benefits may reach to the farmers and the person involved in this business easily.\nThere are various ways of fish seed production. One of these is through induced breeding. Most dramatic sudden increase can be expected by applying induced breeding techniques to optimize harvest and expand socio-economic gains. Fisheries development plans which will greatly assist in this direction include intensive development of all sectors of the Makran coasts fisheries There may also be prospects for the development of an offshore runs industry. Shrimp exports will continue to be the mainstay of the marine product export of the country. Measures are also needed to improve quality standards in all sections of fish and shrimp industry to ensure maximum prices and continuing access to international markets.\nAgriculture has always been the mainstay of Pakistan and strong economic growth is a prequisite for human development. Agricultural research and extension has been found to be the most important contributor to growth in total factor productivity in the country. In order to attain a sustainable agricultural production system we need to evolve a revolution in this most vital sector, by attending structural problem in the sector. A number of strategies have been planned by the government to improve the performance for the crop sector in order to amplify and improve agricultural productivity. Some strategies that have been planned include: educating farmers about various agronomic practices, balancing fertilizer-use and encouraging certain efficient practices to improve productivity. To increase output of the crop sector, farming area expansion has been planned especially for certain important crops, such as rice, wheat, and cotton. In view of the recent drought as well as usual water scarcity issues, water management will be encouraged. Farmers will be trained in utilizing water efficiently, which will not only save water but divert it to crops and areas which will increase productivity. Presently, 80% of the cultivated area is irrigated. Many regions are arid and rain-fed where irrigation is not possible due to non-availability of water. Even in irrigated lands, sufficient supply of water is not always guaranteed due to various problems. New irrigation techniques and machinery should be installed so as to increase the supply of water, which will in turn increase the yield.\nOne of the major problems of low yield is directly associated with the land tenure system. Feudalism, land ownership and peasant-proprietor relationships have greatly weakened the agriculture. Farmers do not have their own lands and have to work in the fields of landlords. At certain times, fraternal relations are not developed due to the inputs and outputs of land and hence the yield is badly affected. To avoid such losses cordial owner-tenant relations should be developed. The farmers can not afford inputs for farming and other requirement for production even if they have their own lands. The potential is present but not properly utilized. Loan facilities and credit should be made easier. The state should control the price of inputs, mechanical tools and other necessities so that farmers can benefit the most from it. If proper case is given to agriculture, Pakistan will become self-sufficient in the basic crop requirements and manage to eradicate poverty, disease and malnutrition, leading to prosperity. This being the backbone will definitely strengthen the economy by reducing the import of agricultural commodities, which will eventually make sustainable agriculture in Pakistan.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Oxygen safetyCOPD - oxygen safety; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - oxygen safety; Chronic obstructive airways disease - oxygen safety; Emphysema - oxygen safety; Heart failure - oxygen-safety; Palliative care - oxygen safety; Hospice - oxygen safety\nOxygen makes things burn much faster. Think of what happens when you blow into a fire; it makes the flame bigger. If you are using oxygen in your home, you must take extra care to stay safe.\nAmerican Thoracic Society website. Oxygen therapy. www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/oxygen-therapy.pdf. Updated April 2016. Accessed February 28, 2018.\nCOPD Foundation website. Oxygen therapy. www.copdfoundation.org/What-is-COPD/Living-with-COPD/Oxygen-Therapy.aspx. Updated June 2015. Accessed February 28, 2018.\nNational Fire Protection Association website. Medical oxygen safety. www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/Public-Education/Resources/Safety-tip-sheets/OxygenSafety.ashx. Updated July 2016. Accessed January 21, 2019.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "All dust collection systems, regardless of size, share a common problem—dust blinding. Simply stated, blinding is defined as when dust particles plug the holes in a filter and stop the flow of air through the filter, resulting in the dust collector performing poorly. All types of collectors, whether stand-alone units, cyclones or full-scale baghouses, are subject to blinding.\nTo better understand why the filter in a dust collector blinds, one needs to understand how a dust collection system works. The basic principle behind a dust collector is a fan draws air through ductwork or hoses, creating an air stream. The surrounding dust is then pulled into the air stream or vacuum, and is exhausted through some form of filter media to capture the dust and return clean air.\nBlinding occurs when the dust particles penetrate deep into the fibers of the filter media, and inhibit or prevent the flow of air through the filter. This restriction of airflow creates backpressure and reduces suction, preventing the dust collection system from operating effectively. The two most common causes of blinding are the filter is too small for the unit or the choice of filter media is not the best-suited to the application.\nWhen the filter is too small for the collector, the volume of air entering the collection system is greater than the filter can efficiently vent. As a result, the dust in the incoming air is driven into the pores of the filter media and seals off the openings through which the air can escape, causing further restriction and backpressure.\nTo achieve optimal filtration and filter life, it is recommended that there be a large difference between the inlet velocity and the can velocity. Can velocity is the speed at which air enters the filtration device. The primary variable affecting can velocity is vessel size.\nFilter cartridges typically have a higher can velocity than large filter bags. Although the filter media in a cartridge is abundant, it is extremely condensed and close to the air stream. This results in a collision of sorts between the dust-laden air and the filter media. A large filter bag, however, has lower can velocity because it is an empty vessel that provides sufficient area for the incoming air to slow, allowing the dust to fall from the air stream before it makes contact with the filter media.\nThe second major factor in the prevention of blinding is the choice of the filter media itself. The porosity of the filtering material determines the amount of air that passes through it and the size of the dust particles that are collected. Woven cloth, such as the cotton or polyester sateen commonly used in filter bags, is made up of a mesh of threads and holes. Since threads don’t breathe, air can only escape through the holes between the threads.\nThe openings between the threads that are large enough to pass air efficiently also pass dust with the same efficiency. A tighter weave may trap smaller dust particles, but it also restricts airflow. As the pressure builds inside a woven filter bag, the holes are forced to open wider, letting both very fine and larger dust particles through.\nFilter bags can be made from dozens of materials to solve specific dust problems or to properly function in a particular application. For example, a bakery may desire woven fabrics because they are easier to launder for sanitation purposes. Industrial applications with high operating temperatures may call for special fabrics like fiberglass or even stainless steel cloth. However, in a high percentage of applications, the overwhelming filtration fabric of choice is a non-woven felt.\nEngineered for strength, durability and consistency, the fibers in felt are needle-punched into a homogeneous pad. Felt breathes over the total surface (as opposed to a woven cloth’s holes) and provides higher air permeability than most woven fabrics. Even though the spaces between fibers are closer together, air has many more pathways to exit, thereby felt allows more air to pass per square foot of surface area while capturing finer dust.\nFelts are available in a range of base fibers, and weights or thickness. Thicker felt fabrics provide increased depth-filtration capacity, but with correspondingly less overall airflow.\nSpecialized surface treatments address specific types of dust and varying applications. Nevertheless, for general dust filtering, singed felt is one of the most popular surface-treated fabrics for its ability to form a dust cake. A dust cake is a desirable layer of dust that builds upon the surface of the filter and provides a barrier to the actual filter media. It performs the majority of filtration and prevents the incoming dust from impregnating the filter.\nAs the dust cake builds, it reaches a point in which it can no longer be supported, and it sloughs from the surface of the filter, falling off and leaving behind a very fine layer of dust to restart the constant self-cleaning process.\nIn conclusion, the prevention of blinding is a balance of filter type, filter size and selection of the filter media used. The right combination ensures effective dust filtration for any collection system.\nFor more information, please visit www.americanfabricfilter.com.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "You and your partner are planning a two or three day backpacking trip near your home in Boone, NC with your seven year-old daughter and six year-old son. They have been car camping with you for the past three years, taken short day hikes, and enjoyed both. Your daughter is severely allergic to wasps and poison oak; she was hospitalized at four after being stung by a yellow jacket in your backyard.\nHow should you plan your trip? Click here to find out.\nDon't know where to begin or what to do? Take one of our wilderness medicine courses. Guides and expedition leaders should consider taking our Wilderness First Responder course.\nLooking for a reliable field reference? Consider consider purchasing one of our print or digital handbooks; our digital handbook apps are available in English, Spanish, and Japanese. Updates are free for life. A digital SOAP note app is also available.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This article was originally published at The Atlas Society.\nIn the mid-1960s, a handful of individuals from Ayn Rand’s inner circle set out to end the draft. Few know the story of their activism. Just how powerful was their influence over Nixon?\nIT WAS NIGHTFALL IN BOSTON; April 16, 1967. A wet, icy wind blew off the Charles River and howled down the wide channel of Massachusetts Avenue, gusting into narrow alleyways, and rattling the windows of Jordan Hall on Gainsborough Street. Inside, anticipation was building as the murmuring crowd took their seats on rows of white, wooden benches. Then she appeared; America’s most controversial individualist: Ayn Rand. People leaned over the balconies to catch a better glimpse of the best-selling novelist and diminutive philosopher who stood at the podium. Applause broke out; Rand took in the scene, scanning the room. Her penetrating gaze drifted up to the second level balcony, past the large, gilded clock which faced her. She began in earnest: “The question of the draft is, perhaps, the most important single issue debated today,” Rand said, “but the terms in which it is being debated are a sorry manifestation of our anti-ideological ‘mainstream.’… A volunteer army is the only proper, moral—and practical—way to defend a free country.”\nAyn Rand’s speech, called “The Wreckage of the Consensus,” was her first sustained look at the Vietnam War and the draft. Just one week later, Dr. Martin Luther King would stand at the same podium. And four months prior, General Lewis B. Hershey, the long-time head of Selective Service and the public face of the draft, addressed the forum.\nRand opposed the draft because it was a statist infringement on the right of the individual to own his own life.\nAyn Rand’s position on the draft, like so many of her ideas, was a contrast to both Left and the Right. Rand opposed the draft because it was a statist infringement on the right of the individual to his own life, and because it relied on an ethic of duty and sacrifice. Rand’s philosophical system,Objectivism, which grounded man’s right to life in his faculty of reason and the conditions of his survival, provided a context for consistent, integrated arguments against the draft.\nThe young intellectuals in Rand’s inner circle—students of Objectivism, at the time—often used the context of her philosophy as the basis of their own activism. And it was now that they began to ask themselves, “What will it take to end the draft?”\nPersuasion and the Law\nPersuasion magazine was perhaps the first major tool that Objectivists wielded in their consistent opposition to the draft. The magazine began as the newsletter for\nThe Metropolitan Young Republican Club, an Objectivist group formed to promote Senator Barry Goldwater’s 1964 presidential campaign. Joan Kennedy Taylor, who helped to found the club and edited its newsletter, explained that “Although [the club] was formed during a specific political campaign… [It] was from the beginning unusual in political circles, as it was primarily devoted to political ideas rather than political action.” These political ideas were largely Objectivist ideas about individual rights and laissez-faire capitalism, which the club condensed into three practical goals: the legalization of abortion, t he right to own gold, and the abolition of the military draft. Taylor, an associate of Rand’s, bought Persuasionfrom The Metropolitan Young Republican Club in 1965 and transformed it into a magazine.\nAfter Barry Goldwater’s 1964 campaign for the presidency was lost, Persuasionturned its attention towards two high-profile court cases which had emerged in 1966. Henry Mark Holzer, Ayn Rand’s lawyer, represented a number of men seeking to challenge the draft, or at least to avoid going to Vietnam.\nHank Holzer is a fast-talking New Yorker, with an urban directness. In an interview with the Objectivist History Project (OHP), he summarized one of his cases—defending Howard Katz—in less than a minute: “So some Objectivist comes to me and says […] he wants to challenge the constitutionality of the draft. Okay, I’m your man. So I guess he hired me and he got another guy, another plaintiff, and they started a lawsuit in the federal court of Manhattan. I went to court; they were all there, Joan [Taylor] Dawson, everybody else. And the judge said, oh, I see—he had the file—he said I see you’re challenging the draft. What section? The guy’s name is Parker, a federal judge. He says what section? I said the whole thing, your honor. He had been a World War II recall for Korea. Retread. He was not very sympathetic to this […] we lost. We went to the court of appeals and we lost.”(OHP 2005)\nThe other plaintiff was David Baumann, whose case was tried at the Foley Square Court House in New York. Baumann and Howard Katz brought a civil suit against the U.S., challenging the constitutionality of the Universal Military Training and Service Act. In early 1966 Howard Katz visited the offices of Persuasion in New York and applied to become a member of the Metropolitan Young Republican Club. In turn, the club created a subcommittee, called the Committee for the Abolition of the Draft, to aid Katz with his case. “This committee,” Persuasion explained, “was often a committee of the whole club.” The club provided publicity for the case—contacting hundreds of media outlets throughout the country and generating press releases, broadcasts, and educational materials about the details of the case. They created a legal defense fund by selling copies of the cases’ briefs and hosting fundraising parties. When Holzer took Katz’s case to the Supreme Court, the club financed the commercial printing of the court brief, a necessary step in the appeal process.\nBecause of Henry Mark Holzer, Objectivist philosophy became part of America’s permanent judicial record.\nPersuasion published a number of articles opposing the draft, such as “Posse Comitatus” by David J. Dawson, which traced the origins of the draft through European feudalism back to Roman patronage. Henry Mark Holzer and Erika Phyllis Holzer published an article in The Objectivist called “The Constitution and The Draft,”\ndetailing Henry’s use of the Ninth Amendment for his arguments in the Katz case (October 1967).Holzer argued that the Ninth Amendment opened the Constitution to The Declaration of Independence and thus to “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.” The Ninth Amendment reads: “The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”\n“But of course for a court to understand, they would have to know what rights were, which is a tall order,” Holzer notes wryly in an interview with The New Individualist (TNI). And so, to explain to the court what rights were, he included in the Supreme Court brief an appendix containing three of Ayn Rand’s essays from The Virtue of Selfishnes s:“Man’s Rights,” Collectivized Rights,” and “The Nature of Government”—“by special permission, in their entirety” (Persuasion). Holzer’s is an often overlooked achievement in the course of ending the draft: because of him, Objectivist philosophy became part of America’s permanent judicial record.\n“I own my life.”\nHolzer also represented a young man named David Bradley Wood in 1966, with the support of the Metropolitan Young Republicans and Persuasion. David Wood had received his draft card and appeared at his local army base in Boston, Massachusetts. But once he arrived, he told the clerk there that he would not serve. Officials took him into custody and he was threatened with a prison sentence of up to 5 years and a fine of $10,000. The judge for this case was Charles Wyzansk,\n“So he did a year at Allenwood cutting grass or making license plates instead of getting killed.”\n“Holzer recalls, “[He] let me put [Wood] on the stand, and let him make a speech. [Wood] was an Objectivist… And he stated, ‘I own my life,’ you can imagine what he said” (OHP 2005). But the case was “prima facie,” or, “at first sight,” for the judge and the jury. It was against the law to refuse induction; David Wood had broken the law. The court called the clerk as a witness and he provided the order report from Wood’s file. Holzer argued Wood’s sentence down to two years (with parole after the first), the same amount of time that the Selective Service Act required from its draftees in 1966. David Wood went to Allenwood Prison, “which is really Club Fed,” Holzer explains toTNI, “So he did a year at Allenwood cutting grass or making license plates instead of getting killed.”\nThe Service Act required two years of active service in 1966, with up to six subsequent years in the reserves. Draftees accounted for approximately 30% of the 58,193 total American deaths in Vietnam, according to the National Archives. David W ood carries the felony on his record. Henry Mark Holzer carries a small gift from his client, a green campaign button that reads “F**k the draft.”\nA Growing Influence\nThe extensive publicity that The Metropolitan Young Republican Club and Persuasion brought to the Katz and Wood cases reflected back on the organizations. On February 2, 1967, The Village Voice featured the Committee for the Abolition of the Draft on its front page, explaining that the club represented “The New Right.” The reporter described the club’s belief that “…man is a rational animal who can control his actions through reason, rather than an irrational animal who is driven by emotion, fears and needs. They believe that man has free will and is not simply a helpless product of social and psychological determinism.” The reporter deduced that “behind this conclusion is a set of premises that add up to a more flattering view of man than that held by the humanists [of the New Left].”\nBy 1967, the Village Voicewas calling the Objectivist group “The New Right.”\nAnother step in the club’s rising status in was its participation in Response, an annual weekend event sponsored by Princeton University’s Symposium on World Affairs. Response 1967 took place on April 14-16, with an audience of thousands. The theme was “Man in the Maze of the Masses”—“the plight of individual identity and freedom in the context of the mass society.” David Dawson participated in a panel discussion of the draft which included George Reedy, who was press secretary to President Johnson and a member of the President’s National Advisory Committee on Selective Service.\nIn June, Congress passed the Military Selective Service Act of 1967, rejecting the idea of an all-volunteer force as it was presented in a 1964 Pentagon Draft Study. (The Pentagon study relied on economic projections from a Department of Defense Survey.) Illinois Congressman Donald Rumsfeld was one of the voices against the long-term continuation of the draft—although he advocated a two year extension of the act, he urged the Senate Armed Services Committee to commit to establishing an A ll-Volunteer Force. Economist Walter Oi was another dissenting voice—in 1967, he wrote “The Economic Cost of the Draft,” criticizing the Pentagon Draft Study’s methodology and arguing that an all-volunteer army was not as expensive as they had put forth. Oi called even more strongly for an end to the draft.\nThe National Conference\n“Despite the fact that the draft had just been extended for four more years,”Persuasion explained, and heartened by the Princeton Symposium, The Metropolitan Young Republican Club hosted its own conference on the draft, called The National Conference on Forced Service. It was on June 23, 1967 at Hotel America in Washington D.C. The conference held an opening banquet the evening beforehand and lectures throughout the day on Saturday the 23rd. The conference unexpectedly extended into Sunday morning when enthusiastic attendees stayed to listen to tape recordings of the sessions they had missed.\nThe National Conference on Forced Service featured five speakers. David Dawson spoke about effective argumentation against the draft. “Isn’t it a little late to express opposition?” he asked. “No, it is just the right time… we will need all thes e four years—and very possibly more—to mount a full, intellectual opposition to the draft.” Robert Hessen, an economics professor at Columbia University, examined proposals to use the draft for non-military services, “showing how they were all logical extensions of the principle of the draft itself.” Leonard Peikoff presented on the philosophy of the draft. Henry Mark Holzer spoke about the ins and outs of the Selective Service Act and offered tips on how citizens might exploit certain provisions and the appeals procedure to their advantage—essentially giving the 120 attendees some of the legal advice he offered his clients.\nThe fifth speaker at the conference was Martin Anderson, a colleague of Hessen’s at Columbia University. Anderson “gave a seminar on the economics of the draft, in which he showed that the Department of Defense had analyzed its own statistics as to the feasibility of a volunteer army somewhat misleadingly, and that such an armed force would not be exorbitant in cost” (Persuasion).\nThe Tide Turns\nOn November 17, 1967 Anderson accompanied Richard Nixon on a flight out of Washington. A New York Times reporter pressed the Republican presidential nominee on the draft. Nixon had remained ambiguous about the issue up to this point, but the question, his convictions, and his ambition aligned: Nixon stopped mid-non-committal answer, paused, and said “No—I’ll tell you what we’re going to do. We’re going to end the draft.”\n“In the beginning it was what I wrote that started it,” Martin Anderson says matter-of-factly in an interview with TNI. His gruffness is belied by a cheerful undertone: “Nixon had been studying something I gave him.”\nWhat Nixon had been studying was a 27-page paper Anderson wrote, entitled “An Analysis of the Factors Involved in Moving to All-Volunteer Force,” Anderson sent the paper to Nixon on July 10, 1967—just one month after the National Conference on Forced Service.\n“Damn it. That’s good. We’re gonna do that.” -Richard Nixon, deciding to make ending the draft the focus of his last campaign radio address.\nNixon had become aware of Anderson after reading his book, The Federal Bulldozer, an extended criticism of urban renewal which also demonstrated the author’s talent to analyze the federal budget and national economy. Nixon’s first glimpse of the ideas in “Analysis of the Factors Involved” would have been earlier in the year, in April, when Martin Anderson sent him a 17-page outline of the paper as a precursory memo. Anderson’s paper analyzed some of the statistics from the 1966 Department of Defense Survey and quotes from key players in the controversy surrounding the research.\nNixon hired Martin Anderson as a consultant and sent his paper to several people on his team, a handful of political intellectuals, and some members of Congress. Anderson, ever goal-oriented, followed up by giving Nixon another revision of his paper along with related articles by Milton Friedman and his recommendation of a book in progress called How to End the Draft. Nixon became increasingly engrossed by the idea of an all-volunteer army, and in Novemberhe announced his intention to end the draft after the Vietnam War. By August of 1968, this plan was a key selling point in Nixon’s campaign.\nA month before he was elected, Nixon consulted his advisors, including Martin Anderson, about an upcoming speech for the CBS Radio Network. In an interview with TNI, Anderson recalls the meeting: “He was talking about, ‘In the next ten days I want to put out something powerful and new so that people know what my presidency is all about.’ I said, ‘Well, how about the all-volunteer army that you’ve been speaking about?’ He said, ‘Damn it, that’s good. We’re gonna do that.’” This dynamic became characteristic of Anderson and Nixon—in his own accounts and others, Anderson rarely missed an opportunity to push the issue of the all-volunteer force, and his encouragement seemed to be a kind of super-spinach for Nixon, who would quickly become enthusiastic, then adamant about his decision to take the next steps towards ending the draft. Nixon delivered his address to the CBS Radio Network on October 17, 1968. The address, “The All Volunteer Force,” was written by Martin Anderson and Nixon’s senior speech writer Ray Price.\n“We have lived with the draft for so long,” Nixon said, “…that too many of us now accept it as normal and necessary…I say it’s time we took a new look at the draft—at the question of permanent conscription in a free society.” Nixon ended his speech on a firm note: “So I say it’s time we looked to our consciences. Let’s show our commitment to freedom by preparing to assure our young people theirs.”\nFrom Debate to Reality\nNineteen days later, a somber America went to the polls to elect the 37th president. Voters had witnessed the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy, widespread protests against the Vietnam War, race riots, and violent demonstrations at the Democratic National Convention.\nNixon’s campaign strategies paid off; he narrowly defeated Hubert Humphrey, winning by just one percent of the vote. “The all-volunteer army was no longer simply an issue for debate among intellectuals,” Anderson wrote. “It was now a major commitment of a newly elected president.”\nNixon hired Martin Anderson as part of his transition team. The team developed a plan for Nixon’s upcoming administration which included the implementation of his campaign promise to establish an all-volunteer force. Nixon assigned his designated secretary, Melvin Laird, to form a commission to study the economic feasibility of ending the draft. Laird blanched at the timing of the proposal, since current studies already in progress at the Pentagon were not yet ready to be reviewed by a commission, and because he worried that Nixon’s senior staff would not provide an objective analysis. Anderson opposed Laird’s reaction, and again encouraged Nixon to move forward, even going so far as to write a response to Laird for Nixon to sign. Nixon insisted that Laird provide him a recommendation of who should be on his special president’s commission, and Laird gave the name of former Secretary of Defense Thomas Gates, Jr. The President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, or “The Gates Commission,” was born, assigned by Nixon to “develop a comprehensive plan for eliminating conscription and moving toward an all-volunteer armed force” as “a matter of high priority.” Gates began as a somewhat unwilling custodian—he told Nixon, “I am opposed to the whole idea of a volunteer force.” Nixon replied, “That’s exactly why I want you as the chairman” (Rostker 2006). Nixon overruled Laird’s objections, but took to heart his concerns about objectivity. He chose the members of the commission from a wide range of expertise, many of them opposed to ending the draft, in the spirit of the most rigorous decision-making possible.\nThe Gates Commission\nThe Gates Commission was composed of 15 prominent intellectuals, split nearly evenly between 3 positions: keep the draft, abolish it, and undecided. The commission included Milton Friedman and Alan Greenspan, 2 of many classical liberal economists involved in the project.\n“Marty Anderson deserves the major credit for conceiving the idea [of the all-volunteer army] and implementing it…”–Richard Nixon, in a letter to John C. Whitaker\nGiven the diverse backgrounds of its members it was surprising that by the time The Gates Commission issued its report in February 1970, about 9 months after their first meeting, the members had reached a unanimous recommendation: that “the nation’s interests will be better served by an all-volunteer force, supported by an effective stand-by draft, than by a mixed force of volunteers and conscripts … that steps should be taken promptly to move in this direction; and that the first indispensable step is to remove the present inequity in the pay of men serving their first term in the armed forces.”\nIn January of 1970, anticipating the decision of the Gates Commission and Nixon’s response, Martin Anderson drafted Nixon’s proposal to Congress. In March, the National Security Council met to discuss reforms to be made to the existing draft laws until the time came for the draft to end. (TNI obtained the recently declassified memo from Anderson.) The meeting addressed various topics such as compensation for military enlistees, budget changes, and cutting deferments. For all of the justice of implementing the all-volunteer army, the discussion of how to carry the existing draft through the next two years reveals its innate conflict with a free society, as members of the meeting discuss who will remain safe and who will not, who will get to continue the course of his own choice and who will be tapped by the government for its purposes:\n“[Director of Selective Service] Tarr: [cutting deferments for students] hurts the education system. It is not in the national interest.\nRN: Agricultural deferments—of course they go. We need less farmers rather than more.”\nNixon delivered his special address to Congress on April 23, 1970. He called for eliminating draft calls according to a plan developed by the Department of Defense, increasing pay for enlisted men, and a number of reforms to the existing draft protocol—including phasing out deferments based on employment and paternity. However, Nixon advised Congress to extend the authority to draft soldiers and doctors for two more years beyond its expiration in July of 1971. By September of 1971, after a number of setbacks, the House, Senate, and President Nixon agreed on the basic content of these terms and passed Law 92-129. In June of 1973 the two year extension of the Selective Service Act expired and was not renewed. A provision for re-instating the draft in a time of national emergency remains today.\nThe draft was over. Years later, Nixon reflected on the project in a letter to John C. Whitaker, obtained by TNI: “Marty Anderson deserves the major credit for conceiving the idea [of the all-volunteer army] and implementing it…”\n“In the beginning it was what I wrote that started it,” Martin Anderson told TNI, “And by the way, it worked beautifully.”\nWere Objectivists Key?\nBecause Martin Anderson had associated with Objectivists, and spoke at the National Conference, some Objectivists have concluded that crediting Anderson with being the key player in ending the draft is tantamount to crediting the Objectivist movement. They at least saw a traceable connection. In recent years Objectivists have been described as playing a “pivotal role” (Duncan Scott, interviewing Joan Kennedy Taylor, Objectivist History Project, 2005.) Taylor, in describing the National Conference, recounted Anderson’s work as a “side issue” to the conference, and credited him fully for the establishment of the volunteer army. (OHP 2005). Scott interrupts: “So actually, the abolition of the draft really came about as a result of Objectivists…” Taylor cuts in and says, “Yes. We can trace it, yes.”\nIn 2005 Don Hauptman along with Henry and Erika Holzer traced that same lineage in a short article titled “How Objectivists Helped End the Military Draft”: “Anderson became so interested in the issue that after the conference ended, he phoned Hank and they met several times.” They added that the role of Objectivists in ending the draft was “a remarkable true story…” and an “overlooked facet of American history.”\nWith the Holzer’s short article, and Taylor’s brief interview circulating for the past five years, Objectivists have sought more information on the role Objectivists played in opposing and ending the draft.\nObjectivists certainly played a significant part in opposing the draft, and their activism reached prestigious levels of cultural and political influence. Walter Oi said that members of the Gates Commission were influenced by Rand’s Ford Hall Forum lecture, “The Wreckage of the Consensus.” And David Dawson’s participation in Princeton University’s Symposium was a notable milestone in Objectivism’s history: The forum exposed Dawson to White House intellectuals who were also on the panel. Joan Kennedy Taylor, David Dawson, the members of Persuasion and The Metropolitan Young Republican Club helped to bring Objectivist ideas to the political stage by their endorsement of candidates and education and funding for national court cases. Henry Mark Holzer facilitated these court cases and broughtObjectivismto bear on the practical application of laws. Additionally, court cases like Holzer’s, in which the government had to spend money on persecuting men who resisted the draft, were cited by the Gates Commission when they analyzed the costs involved in maintaining the draft.\nHowever, it would be an overstatement to say that Objectivists actually ended the draft, or that Objectivism, specifically, was considered at the level of national policy.\nThe key connection is Martin Anderson, who attended the National Conference on Forced Service and went on to the Nixon administration. It’s been established beyond question that Martin Anderson was a key player in ending the draft, and it’s been confirmed that he was known in Objectivist circles and participated in The National Conference on Forced Service. In her recent biography of Rand, Goddess of the Market, Jennifer Burns explains “Once a regular at [Nathaniel Branden Institute] lectures and a visitor to Rand’s private salons, [Anderson] had been swept out of the Objectivist orbit when he joined Richard Nixon’s first presidential campaign.”\nSo is Martin Anderson an Objectivist? Hank Holzer tells TNI this is something circulated “literally, in the circles” and he worries that “it’s going to become gospel” in the Objectivist community. Holzer did believe that Martin Anderson’s position against the draft came from the paper he created for the National Conference on Forced Service. But Anderson denies that he developed his ideas because of the National Conference. He also denies that he and other members of the commission were deeply influenced by Rand’s ideas.\nAnderson told TNI, “It didn’t work that way, she was not running things. These people knew what they thought. They agreed with her, she agreed with them. But that doesn’t mean she told people what to do and how to do it. It didn’t work that way.” This would also apply to Alan Greenspan, whose association with Ayn Rand is widely known. Like Anderson, Greenspan established his career and his credibility as an economist before he met Rand, an achievement that helped him to relate to Rand as an equal, and earned his position on the Gates Commission.\nEven if one were to make a case that Anderson wanted to play down Rand’s influence (he did not say this), to avoid some of the stigmas that come withObjectivism, evidence from the timeline of events would confirm that Anderson worked through the ideas on his own time. Anderson sent the conclusions of his initial paper to Nixon in April of 1967, the same month that The Metropolitan Young Republican Club attended the conference at Princeton. Martin Anderson would not have been invited to the conference, researched his paper, reached a radically new conclusion, and sent it to Nixon in the course of two weeks. When I pointed this out to Henry Mark Holzer, he was mildly surprised and said, “Oh, I thought [his presentation for the conference] was a first look for him.” So it’s likely that because the other speakers had thought of their intellectual work on the draft as being within the scope of their Objectivist activism, they assumed the same of Martin Anderson.\nBeyond whether Martin Anderson or anyone on the Gates Commission identifies as Objectivists or not, the commission’s report does not contain any of the philosophical consistency which is the marker of Objectivist philosophy, namely, its principled self-interest. Although primarily a research document about the economic feasibility of an all-volunteer army, it contains references to various desirable ends: the good of the nation and society, the U.S. tradition of freedom, appeals to equality and fairness, military efficiency, national security, and economic growth. However, there are no arguments which, at root, oppose statist interference in an individual’s life. Not surprising, given that it’s a government document written for Congress by a committee of people on a wide political spectrum. But it’s definitely not Objectivism.\nIf Martin Anderson called himself an Objectivist intellectual, if he had made an Objectivist moral case against the draft, if Nixon and the Gates Commission had been convinced on these terms, then there would be a strong case for saying that Objectivists ended the draft. But these things are simply not true. The end of the draft was a goal for Objectivists, but not their doing. The success of the all-volunteer army is a validation of an Objectivist tenet—that the moral is the practical—but it isn’tObjectivism’s victory.\nThe Draft is in the Air\nThe moral inconsistency of the Gates Commission Report about why the U.S. should have an all-volunteer army is the same moral inconsistency of the culture and government today. In arguing that it wasn’t fair that the military should shoulder the Vietnam War effort, some congressmen suggested that civilians be required to serve the nation at home, by way of labor. Similarly, in 2008, Obama announced “a new call to service,” which would compel students and young adults to offer time and labor to a number of chosen programs. “And that’s how it should be. That’s the bet our Founding Fathers were making all of those years ago – that our individual destinies could be tied together in the common destiny of democracy; that government depends not just on the consent of the governed, but on the service of citizens.” (Wall Street Journal). In speaking about the obligations of citizens to support the military, Obama said, “There is no challenge greater than the defense of our nation and our values.”\nObama’s values, however, are the values of collectivism and altruism. And these values are the roots of the draft. So long as people agree that they owe their lives to the nation or to society, then the possibility of the draft is not gone. In The Constitution and the Draft, Erika and Henry Mark Holzer wrote “When people mouth [the] slogan that the first object of political association is to unite for common defense, the first question to ask them is: the common defense of what?” This is the question that Objectivism can answer today—that the primary thing for America to defend is the right of the individual to his own life. Objectivists today can continue, as David Dawson put it, to mount “a full intellectual opposition to the draft.” Objectivism offers the alternative values and the consistently principled arguments which would counteract the draft and bar absolutely its return, in any form of national service. And that would be a true victory for Objectivists.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "It’s a simple process, but must be left in place for a minimum of 6 weeks and preferably longer during the hottest time of year. In cooler areas like the coast, a longer period may be necessary.\nIn my Altadena garden years ago, I eradicated a 6’ X 5’ patch of Bermuda grass by leaving a padded black tarp on for 6 months, from May through November. It was my Thanksgiving and Christmas presents to myself that “overdoing” the light- and water-exclusion technique resulted in nary a blade of Bermuda ever plaguing my garden again.\nThe University of California has since developed its own technique that can be used in any scale garden or farm. For a full discussion, go to http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74145.html\nHere’re the basics\n- Choose a time of year when days are long, air temperatures are high, skies are clear, and there is no wind. Generally, in inland California, this will be June through August; along the coast, this will be August through September.\n- Using a clear plastic tarp, the top 6 inches of the soil will heat up to as high as 140°F, and the heat trapped down to 12-18 inches will kill a wide range of those problems. The greatest effect is at the surface of the soil, and it decreases at deeper soil depths. Control is best in the upper 6 inches.\n- Solarization can also improve soil structure availability of nitrogen and other essential nutrients for growing healthy plants.\n- Many beneficial soil organisms survive solarization or recolonize the soil quickly afterwards.\nHere’s the method\n- Cultivate and remove plant matter, adding amendments since disturbing the soil after solarization may bring up new viable weed seeds and pathogens.\n- Level and smooth the soil bed so plastic will lie flat with few air pockets.\n- Irrigate the soil to at least 12 inches deep just before laying down the plastic.\n- Choose plastic: clear or black? Clear plastic will enable more heat to pass through into the soil. Black plastic will absorb and deflect part of the heat; but when air temperatures are too low to kill weeds, the black’s light-exclusion may kill them.\n- Choose plastic thickness. Use 1-mil thickness for greater heating, but it’ll more easily tear or break down more quickly in sunlight. Use 2- or 4-mil in windy areas or for longer periods of time. In cooler areas, use double layers with air spaces created by plastic bottles or PVC pipes between layers to raise soil temperatures.\n- Lay plastic close to the soil, and anchor so there will be no “sailing” during breeze gusts.\n- Leave in place for at least 6 weeks during the warmest time of year, so daily maximum temperatures in the top 6 inches of soil are at or above 110-125°F. Leave in place longer to assure more success.\n- Remove plastic, and cultivate the soil as little as possible (less than 2 inches deep) to avoid bringing up viable weed seed and remaining pathogens.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Testicular mesothelioma is the rarest type of this cancer and accounts for .3% to 5% of all diagnosed cases reported. Because of how rare it is, there is little research on the subject, making it difficult to diagnose and treat. Unlike other types, research that mentions testicular mesothelioma tends to only describe the disease rather than provide insight on how to diagnosis, treat or prevent it.\nTesticular mesothelioma affects the lining of the testicles. This lining is known specifically as the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea. From this point of origin, cancerous tumors can spread to the rest of the body if left untreated. The tunica vaginalis covers the testis like a sac. It is comprised of two layers, the parietal and visceral. The parietal layer lines the cavity of the scrotum while the visceral layer overlies the tunica albuginea. Between the two sections is a small space that is filled with lubricating fluid, reducing the friction that arises from movement between the testes and scrotum.\nWhat is the tunica albuginea?\nThe tunica albuginea, or “white coat” in Latin, is a lining of dense tissue that envelopes the testes, connecting to the fibres that surround the ducts that move sperm out of the penis from the testes (epididymis). In addition to serving as a protective layer, the tunica albuginea also helps maintain erection of penis or clitoris by trapping blood in erectile tissue.\nHow is testicular mesothelioma caused?\nWhile asbestos may cause some cases, there hasn’t been research proving this for sure. In addition, scientists aren’t sure how asbestos fibers are able to reach the testicles. However, risk factors that are related to general cancer of the testicles may also relate to testicular mesothelioma. These factors include age, cryptorchidism (one testicle isn’t located in its proper position at birth), trauma and profession. It is believed that miners, firefighters, plumbers and individuals who’ve worked in the printing, leather and gas industries may be at a higher risk because of exposure to certain dyes and solvents.\nTesticular mesothelioma can also be the result of mesothelioma that first develops in another area of the body, usually the abdomen (peritoneal). This is because the tunica vaginalis is actually peritoneal tissue.\nHow do you diagnose peritoneal mesothelioma?\nBiopsy is usually the only way to diagnose testicular mesothelioma accurately. The tissue or fluid sample is examined microscopically for the presence of cancer cells. Biopsy is usually performed after physical examination, review of medical history, and possibly imaging scans such as an ultrasound.\nSymptoms of testicular mesothelioma are often confused with other diseases affecting the testicles. Symptoms include:\n- pain in the testicles that may radiate out to the thighs and lower back\n- swelling of the testicles\n- a lumpy appearance\n- weight loss\n- nausea and vomiting\nTreatments for testicular mesothelioma are generally the same for other types. Surgery (which involves removing a portion or all of the testicles),radiation therapy and chemotherapy are commonly prescribed. The latter two are advised when the cancer has spread and may be for palliative purposes only. Surgery, however, may not be possible if the patient is at a later stage. Life expectancy after being diagnosed with testicular mesothelioma is within two years2.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Figure 4-10 shows a gear-type motor. Both gears are driven gears, but only one is connected to the output shaft. Operation is essentially the reverse of that of a gear pump. Flow from the pump enters chamber A and flows in either direction around the inside surface of the casing, forcing the gears to rotate as indicated. This rotary motion is then available for work at the output shaft.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Interpolation is the process of filling in the unknown data between two known values. You set keyframes to specify a property’s values at certain key times. After Effects interpolates values for the property for all times between keyframes.\nBecause interpolation generates the property values between keyframes, interpolation is sometimes called tweening. Interpolation between keyframes can be used to animate movement, effects, audio levels, image adjustments, transparency, color changes, and many other visual and audio elements.\nAfter you create keyframes and motion paths to change values over time, you may want to make more precise adjustments to the way that change occurs. After Effects provides several interpolation methods that affect how the in-between values are calculated.\nTemporal interpolation is the interpolation of values in time; spatial interpolation is the interpolation of values in space. Some properties—such as Opacity—have only a temporal component. Other properties—such as Position—also have spatial components.\nUsing the value graph in the Graph Editor, you can make precise adjustments to the temporal property keyframes you’ve created for your animation. The value graph displays x values as red, y values as green, and z values (3D only) as blue. The value graph provides complete information about the value of keyframes at any point in time in a composition and allows you to control it. In addition, the Info panel displays the temporal interpolation method of a selected keyframe.\nWhen you apply or change spatial interpolation for a property such as Position, you adjust the motion path in the Composition panel. The different keyframes on the motion path provide information about the type of interpolation at any point in time. The Info panel displays the spatial interpolation method of a selected keyframe.\nWhen you create spatial changes in a layer, After Effects uses Auto Bezier as the default spatial interpolation.\nTo change the default to linear interpolation, choose Edit > Preferences > General (Windows) or After Effects > Preferences > General (Mac OS), and select Default Spatial Interpolation To Linear. Changing the preference setting does not affect keyframes that already exist or new keyframes on properties for which keyframes already exist.\nA. Linear B. Auto Bezier C. Continuous Bezier D. Bezier E. Hold\nIn some cases, the Auto Bezier spatial interpolation for Position keyframes can cause undesired back-and-forth (boomerang) motion between two keyframes with equal values. In such a case, you can change the earlier keyframe to use Hold interpolation or change both keyframes to use Linear interpolation.\nAharon Rabinowitz provides a pair of video tutorials on the Creative COW website that describe the issue and solution for the boomerang motion problem that arises from unintentionally having Auto Bezier spatial interpolation set for keyframes of equal value:\nAntony Bolante provides information and illustrations about keyframe interpolation in an article on the Peachpit Press website.\nIn layer bar mode, the appearance of a keyframe icon depends on the interpolation method you choose for the interval between keyframes. When half of the icon is dark gray , the dark half indicates that no keyframe is adjacent to that side, or that its interpolation is overridden by the Hold interpolation applied to the preceding keyframe.\nBy default, a keyframe uses one interpolation method, but you can apply two methods: the incoming method applies to the property value as the current time approaches a keyframe, and the outgoing method applies to the property value as the current time leaves a keyframe. When you set different incoming and outgoing interpolation methods, the keyframe icon in layer bar mode changes accordingly. It displays the left half of the incoming interpolation icon and the right half of the outgoing interpolation icon.\nTo toggle between keyframe icons and keyframe numbers, select Use Keyframe Icons or Use Keyframe Indices from the Timeline panel menu.\nA. Linear B. Linear in, Hold out C. Auto Bezier D. Continuous Bezier or Bezier E. Linear in, Bezier out\nAll interpolation methods used by After Effects are based on the Bezier interpolation method, which provides direction handles so that you can control the transitions between keyframes. Interpolation methods that don’t use direction handles are constrained versions of Bezier interpolation and are convenient for certain tasks.\nTo learn more about how different interpolation methods affect temporal properties, experiment by setting up at least three keyframes with different values for a temporal layer property—such as Opacity—and change the interpolation methods as you view the value graph in Graph Editor mode in the Timeline panel.\nTo learn more about how different interpolation methods affect a motion path, experiment by setting up three keyframes for a spatial property—such as Position—with different values on a motion path, and change the interpolation methods as you preview the motion in the Composition panel.\nTo change interpolation methods, right-click a keyframe, select Keyframe Interpolation from the menu that appears, and then select an option from the Temporal Interpolation menu.\nTo clarify the examples in the following descriptions of interpolation methods, the result of each method is described as if you had applied it to all of the keyframes for a layer property. In practice, you can apply any available interpolation method to any keyframe.\nNo interpolation is the state in which a layer property has no keyframes—when the stopwatch is turned off and the I-beam icon appears in the Timeline panel under the current-time indicator. In this state, when you set the value of a layer property, it maintains that value for the duration of the layer, unless overridden by an expression. By default, no interpolation is applied to a layer property. If any keyframes are present for a layer property, some type of interpolation is in use.\nLinear interpolation creates a uniform rate of change between keyframes, which can add a mechanical look to animations. After Effects interpolates the values between two adjacent keyframes as directly as possible without accounting for the values of other keyframes.\nIf you apply Linear interpolation to all keyframes of a temporal layer property, change begins instantly at the first keyframe and continues to the next keyframe at a constant speed. At the second keyframe, the rate of change switches immediately to the rate between it and the third keyframe. When the layer reaches the final keyframe value, change stops instantly. In the value graph, the segment connecting two keyframes with Linear interpolation appears as a straight line.\nBezier interpolation provides the most precise control because you manually adjust the shape of the value graph or motion path segments on either side of the keyframe. Unlike Auto Bezier or Continuous Bezier, the two direction handles on a Bezier keyframe operate independently in both the value graph and motion path.\nIf you apply Bezier interpolation to all keyframes of a layer property, After Effects creates a smooth transition between keyframes. The initial position of the direction handles is calculated using the same method used in Auto Bezier interpolation. After Effects maintains existing direction handle positions as you change a Bezier keyframe value.\nUnlike other interpolation methods, Bezier interpolation lets you create any combination of curves and straight lines along the motion path. Because the two Bezier direction handles operate independently, a curving motion path can suddenly turn into a sharp corner at a Bezier keyframe. Bezier spatial interpolation is ideal for drawing a motion path that follows a complex shape, such as a map route or the outline of a logo.\nExisting direction handle positions persist as you move a motion-path keyframe. The temporal interpolation applied at each keyframe controls the speed of motion along the path.\nAuto Bezier interpolation creates a smooth rate of change through a keyframe. You may use Auto Bezier spatial interpolation to create the path of a car turning on a curving road.\nAs you change an Auto Bezier keyframe value, the positions of Auto Bezier direction handles change automatically to maintain a smooth transition between keyframes. The automatic adjustments change the shape of the value graph or motion path segments on either side of the keyframe. If the previous and next keyframes also use Auto Bezier interpolation, the shape of the segments on the far side of the previous or next keyframes also changes. If you adjust an Auto Bezier direction handle manually, you convert it to a Continuous Bezier keyframe .\nAuto Bezier is the default spatial interpolation.\nLike Auto Bezier interpolation, Continuous Bezier interpolation creates a smooth rate of change through a keyframe. However, you set the positions of Continuous Bezier direction handles manually. Adjustments you make change the shape of the value graph or motion path segments on either side of the keyframe.\nIf you apply Continuous Bezier interpolation to all keyframes of a property, After Effects adjusts the values at each keyframe to create smooth transitions. After Effects maintains these smooth transitions as you move a Continuous Bezier keyframe on either the motion path or the value graph.\nHold interpolation is available only as a temporal interpolation method. Use it to change the value of a layer property over time, but without a gradual transition. This method is useful for strobe effects, or when you want layers to appear or disappear suddenly.\nIf you apply Hold temporal interpolation to all keyframes of a layer property, the value of the first keyframe holds steady until the next keyframe, when the values change immediately. In the value graph, the graph segment following a Hold keyframe appears as a horizontal straight line.\nEven though Hold interpolation is available only as a temporal interpolation method, the keyframes on the motion path are visible, but they are not connected by layer-position dots. For example, if you animate the Position property of a layer using Hold interpolation, the layer holds at the position value of the previous keyframe until the current-time indicator reaches the next keyframe, at which point the layer disappears from the old position and appears at the new position.\nYou can easily freeze the current frame for the duration of the layer using the Freeze Frame command. To freeze a frame, position the current time indicator at the frame you want to freeze. Make sure that the layer is selected and then choose Layer > Time > Freeze Frame. Time-remapping is enabled, and a Hold keyframe is placed at the position of the current time indicator to freeze the frame.\nIf you previously enabled time-remapping on the layer, any keyframes you created are deleted when you apply the Freeze Frame command.\nYou can use Hold interpolation only for outgoing temporal interpolation (for the frames following a keyframe). If you create a keyframe following a Hold keyframe, the new keyframe uses incoming Hold interpolation.\nTo apply or remove Hold interpolation as outgoing interpolation for a keyframe, select the keyframe in the Timeline panel, and choose Animation > Toggle Hold Keyframe.\nYou can apply and change the interpolation method for any keyframe. You can apply changes using the Keyframe Interpolation dialog box, or you can apply them directly to a keyframe in layer bar mode, in a motion path, or in the Graph Editor. You can also change the default interpolation After Effects uses for spatial properties.\nFor information on using Easy Ease controls to automatically ease speed between keyframes, see Controlling speed between keyframes.\nThe Keyframe Interpolation dialog box provides options for setting temporal and spatial interpolation and—for spatial properties only—roving settings.\nPreserves the interpolation values already applied to the selected keyframes. Choose this option when multiple or manually adjusted keyframes are selected and you do not want to change the existing settings.\nIf you selected keyframes of a spatial layer property, choose one of the following options for Spatial Interpolation:\nIf you selected keyframes of a spatial layer property, use the Roving menu to choose how a keyframe determines its position in time, and then click OK:\nPreserves the currently applied method of positioning the selected keyframes in time.\nRove Across Time\nSmooths the rate of change through the selected keyframes by automatically varying their position in time, based on the positions of the keyframes immediately before and after the selection.\nLock To Time\nkeeps the selected keyframes at their current position in time. They stay in place unless you move them manually.\nFor more information on smoothing the rate of change through selected keyframes, see Smooth motion with roving keyframes.\n- Click the keyframe with the Convert Vertex tool to toggle between linear and Auto Bezier interpolation.\n- Select one or more keyframes, and then click the Hold, Linear, or Auto Bezier button at the bottom of the screen to change the interpolation method.\nA. Convert selected keyframes to Hold B. Convert seleced keyframes to Linear C. Convert selected keyframes to Auto Bezier\nIn the Graph Editor, keyframes that use Bezier interpolation have direction handles attached to them. You can retract, extend, or rotate the direction handles to fine-tune the Bezier interpolation curve in a value graph. You can retract or extend the direction handles to fine-tune the curve in a speed graph.\nBy default, when you retract or extend a direction handle, the opposite handle on the keyframe moves with it. Splitting direction handles makes the two direction handles attached to a keyframe behave independently.\n- To retract or extend direction handles, drag the direction handle toward or away from the center of its keyframe with the Selection tool.\n- To split direction handles, Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) a keyframe with the Selection tool. You can also Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) outside a keyframe to draw new handles, whether or not handles already exist.\n- To manipulate the direction handles of two neighboring keyframes simultaneously, drag the value graph segment between the keyframes.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "To date, most of my blog posts have talked about big picture things surrounding the business of science. But today it’s time for real data. Out today in Nature Biotechnology is our paper on new insights into Cas9 mechanism and their use to enhance precise sequence replacement in human cells.\nWe started with a very simple question: what happens between Cas9 cutting and the appearance of genome edits? This could be answered in a variety of interesting ways, including elucidation of DNA repair mechanisms. We chose to go even simpler and figure out how Cas9 and sgRNA interact with and dissociate from a DNA target.\nOur first surprise came when we found that catalytically inactive dCas9 takes a very long time to dissociate from DNA. As in, six hours or more! Far longer than one might expect from an enzyme that’s basically a retargetable restriction enzyme. Our second surprise came when we found that active and inactive Cas9 behave identically in this respect – even after Cas9 cuts a DNA target, it stays bound for six hours. This length of time was significant to us, since it made sense of a mystery. When one makes double strand breaks in eukaryotic cells using radiation, they are repaired very rapidly. But when Cas9 makes double strand breaks it instead takes (wait for it) about six hours for them to be repaired.\nUsing labeled DNA molecules, we found that Cas9 globally holds on to both sides of a cut duplex. That is, neither half duplex floats away. But we next wondered about the more fine-grained nature of the complex after cutting. That’s when we got our third surprise. It turns out that when Cas9 holds onto the four strands of the cleaved duplex (think about that one for a moment), it’s only holding on tight to three of them. The DNA strand opposite the PAM on the non-target strand (the one not bound by the sgRNA) is flapping in the breeze. So much so that in vitro we could anneal a complementary piece of ssDNA. dCas9 does the same thing, but since it doesn’t cut the target DNA there’s now an intact DNA bubble formed opposite the sgRNA. If that description is leaving you cross-eyed, here’s a picture of what I mean (gray is Cas9, blue is the sgRNA, yellow is the PAM, red are the active sites, and white x’s are the place where Cas9 is tightly holding the target).\nThe ability to anneal complementary single stranded oligonucleotides to a DNA flap put us in mind of recent work from Nancy Maizels’ lab, which described a nick repair structure in which single stranded repair templates annealed to one side of a flap. Turning to human cells, we asked if oligonucleotide donors capable of annealing to the Cas9 flap could be used for sequence replacement. And we were very pleasantly surprised. The Cas9 flap is on the order of 20-30 nucleotides, and indeed we found that editing donors complementary to the flap by about 30 nucleotides consistently worked the best of all donors. Absolute frequencies varied, but at one locus we reproducibly observed up to 60% sequence replacement. Making the complementary region shorter decreased efficiency as one would expect, and making it longer also caused a decrease, we think because it would need to intrude into the intact duplex outside of the flap.\nFinally, we decided to try a crazy experiment. We wondered if the bubble formed by catalytically inactive dCas9 could be used to anneal a single stranded donor in cells, and if that cell could be tricked into using it for repair. By targeting three dCas9s to a precisely spaced region matching the length of a single stranded donor and all on the same strand of DNA, we did observe sequence replacement rates of a bit less than 1%. This is by no means a large number, but it was attained without any of the error-prone repair that normally accompanies Cas9 cutting. We still don’t know the mechanism underlying dCas9 editing, but it could be very useful to tackle genetic diseases in which sequence replacement holds some kind of fitness advantage but error-prone repair of the gene would be disastrous (e.g. if breaking the gene is worse than leaving the mutation alone).\nI’m very curious about the unexpected flappy mechanism of Cas9 and wondering if it plays some part in Cas9’s role in CRISPR anti-viral biology. I’m also more and more intrigued in the mechanism by which single stranded donors are used by the cell. Eric Hendrickson and Nancy Maizels have some great stories on that front, and my lab has some data that seem to shed some light. On a more practical note, Cas9 is currently very good at breaking genes, but its ability to precisely introduce mutations has lagged behind. I’m optimistic that these simple approaches to designing a sequence replacement experiment we discovered, which don’t rely on chemical manipulation of cells, can be useful in tackling a variety of genetic diseases. More on that soon.\nThis manuscript was put together by a stellar team: postdoc Chris Richardson, technician Jordan Ray (very soon on his way to grad school), former lab manager Gemma Curie, and postdoc Mark DeWitt. Congrats to them!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Industrial tires are solidly constructed tires used on the wheels of heavy equipment and machinery in the manufacturing, construction, military, transportation, warehouse, agricultural and production industries. Due to their tough construction, industrial tires are used on large commercial vehicles to support and transport heavy goods or perform tasks in warehouses where these vehicles are used. The most common types of industrial tires are found on large trucks, forklifts, transport vehicles, buses, planes and other heavy industrial vehicles.\nThe most practical use of industrial tires is on commercial vehicles such as those seem in the trucking industries. Tires of this type are used to support heavy loads that are transported across continents and therefore must be able to withstand difficult road and weather conditions on a continual long-term basis. The heavy-duty tires used in this fashion are most often made out of double-wall recycled rubber products that can be replaced or re-treaded as needed.\nIn the manufacturing and production industries, industrial tires are most often seen on the wheels of forklifts, trucks, and other large weight-bearing vehicles that get frequent use. Tires used in this manner must be made from heavier grades of rubber to ensure years of safe use. While some are smaller than the size of tires used on consumer automobiles, commercial grade tires are made to last longer and handle the extreme weights that industrial equipment use demands daily.\nIndustrial tires are often seen on vehicles used in the construction and military contracting industries. Tires used in these industries are generally much larger than any others used in other industries, some spanning the height of a one story building. In addition, tires used on construction vehicles like dump trucks, backhoes, bulldozers and cranes are made with large gripping channels which lead to greater stability when in operation. Industrial tires used in this manner are made of the highest grades of rubber and can hold many thousands of pounds of air pressure and excessive loads.\nIn the agricultural industry, industrial tires are often seen on tractors, carts, wagons and sports utility vehicles. The tires used to support agricultural wheels are usually inexpensive and are made of a lower quality, very hard rubber that provides a very solid gripping surface for use in soil, rocks and other natural conditions. Tractor and wagon tires are used for many years before needing to be replaced and handle multiple miles of fields and crops before wearing out.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Along the 2017 total solar eclipse's path, scientists observe Earth and Sun.\nOn Aug. 21, the Moon’s shadow will take 90 minutes to cross the continental United States during the total solar eclipse. Eleven NASA-funded teams of scientists are making the most of the two and a half minutes of darkness they’ll experience at locations along the path of totality. The eclipse offers a rare chance to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere, the corona, from the ground — a challenge for space-based telescopes due to the Sun’s brightness. The corona is where burps of charged solar particles, called coronal mass ejections, originate. When released in our direction, these solar storms can collide with Earth and rattle our magnetic field. Intense coronal mass ejections can even affect satellites and power grids. Scientists believe the key to predicting these events lies in understanding the magnetic energy stored in the corona. Another mystery they hope to clear up: why is the corona so much hotter than the Sun’s surface? Teams located 600 miles apart along the eclipse’s path will take images that will allow scientists to study the corona's composition and temperature. Explore the videos and images below for more ways scientists are studying the Sun and Earth during the solar eclipse.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Holi is synonym to bhang and rang for any Indian. This festival of colors is related to social, cultural and biological characters and has mythological significance, than merely pleasing the eyes. Holi is referred as festival of colors. It is celebrated in the Phalguna month on the full moon day that falls between Feb-March. Like all other festivals, Holi in India has represents victory over evil. Water and colors are thrown and in association is loud music and drums.\nWhy did we start..?\nThere is a legend relating the initiation of Holi. Hiranyakashipu, the king in ancient India was almost a demon. He wished to take revenge for the death of his younger brother by killing Lord Vishnu. The king prayed and acquired a boon that he saw himself as God.\nThe cruel kind had a son, Prahalad, a Lord Vishnu’s devotee. His father, the kind disliked his son worshipping Lord Vishnu and planned to kill his son as his son denied worshipping his father, the king. The cunning king asked ‘Holika’, his sister to sit on pyre of fire as she was fire-immune with Prahalad on her lap and the aim was to burn his son. But his son started chanting Lord Vishnu’s name and so Holika got burnt, while Prahalad was safe. Later, Lord Vishnu killed the king Hiranyakashipu.\nThe death of Holika is connected to Holi festival. In states such as Bihar, a bonfire is lit before the Holi day evening in remembrance of the evils death.\nThe colours became a significant part as it dates to Lord Krishna, another Lord Vishnu’s reincarnation to play Holi with his friends at Gokul and Vrindavan. They played pranks and made it an event. It is also a spring festival saying bye to winters that it is associated in some parts of India with spring harvest and the new crops are a part of happiness.\nHow is it celebrated?\nHoli is a Hindu festival and is also mentioned in the religious books. Even ancient temples have Holi sculptures on walls. Earlier Holi colours were from ‘tesu’ or ‘palash’ tree flowers and were referred to as gulal. These colours were good for skin and had no inclusion of chemicals. But now the colours definition has changed. Today people use harsh colours having a combination of chemicals. In fact, even fast colours are used.\nThe Holi celebrations are not actually a one day festival, but it is for three days such as:\nDay 1: This day is ‘Holi Purnima’. On the full moon day, coloured powder and water are kept ready on a plate in small brass pots. This begins with the male eldest member sprinkling colour on his family members.\nDay 2: The second day is referred to as Puno. On this day, the images of Holika are burnt by lighting bonfires and the story of Prahalad and Holika is remembered and also narrated to small kids. Mothers take their babies around the bon-fire in clockwise direction seeking the Fire God blessings.\nDay 3: This is a very special day referred to as ‘Parva’ and is the final day for Holi celebration. The water and the coloured powder is mixed and smeared on each other. Lord Krishna and Radha deities are worshipped while smearing each other with colours. It is a day of fun and music.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How often to water a Boston Fern? Boston Fern Care!\nIf you're a Boston fern lover, you'll love this. If not, well, I'm going to change your mind. The Boston fern is tough as nails and has been around since the 1800s. It's easy to care for and requires very little attention. It will still be fine if you forget to water it once in a while (or even twice). That being said, some basic tips can help your Boston fern thrive:\nHow often to water a Boston Fern?\nThe average Boston fern should be watered when the soil is dry. To check, lift a few inches of the potting mix and see if it feels dry or moist. If you have a large enough pot, you may need to fill the entire container with water to check it thoroughly.\nBoston Ferns thrive in indirect sunlight. They are easy to water and fertilize. Remember that you should water twice a day when it is hot. Warm Boston Ferns are prone to root rot and other fungal infections. Don't over-water or keep it too dry. In the winter, it doesn't need as much water and humidity.\nIf you're unsure whether your plant has been watered enough, here are some signs to look out for:\nThe leaves start turning yellow around their edges, especially if they were once green but now appear brownish grey in patches (this may indicate over-watering)\nThe tips of some leaves turn brown, especially if they're evergreen, and then drop off from lack of nutrients (this can be caused by overwatering)\nHow much sun do Boston ferns need?\nThe Boston fern is a shade-loving plant that prefers indirect light. If you want your Boston fern to thrive and grow, keep it in an area that receives at least 4 hours of sunlight per day. If your plant does not receive enough light, the leaves will be small and yellowed with brown spots.\nIf you have a window where the sun shines directly on it for most of the day and you want to put a Boston fern there anyway, make sure that something is blocking off at least 50% of the heat from hitting it (such as curtains). Also, ensure that any plastic containers can breathe so they don't trap moisture inside, causing rot or moldy leaves on top.\nWhen should you fertilize a Boston fern?\nFertilize once a month during spring and summer using a balanced fertilizer.\nUse only when the plant is actively growing. Do not fertilize during dormancy (winter), as it can cause leaf yellowing and chlorosis.\nApply half the recommended rate for your Boston fern and water immediately after application. Apply in the morning or evening, so there's no chance of burning new growth from too much heat and moisture exposure in direct sunlight.\nShould you mist a Boston fern?\nYes, you can mist a Boston fern regularly. It will help to keep it hydrated and healthy. However, it would be best to remember that babying a Boston fern doesn't necessarily mean misting it daily. If you mist it too frequently, it might stress out the plant. Therefore, make sure you mist it only once every one or two days.\nWhat is the best soil for Boston ferns?\nTo maintain the health of your Boston fern, you must choose the right soil for it. The best type of soil for a Boston fern is light and well-draining so that it doesn't retain too much water. It should also have a pH between 6.0 and 6.5, which makes it slightly acidic (this helps prevent root rot). Additionally, you'll need to keep an eye on temperature: ideally, your plant will be kept between 60°F and 70°F year round.\nIf you need help determining what potting mix is best for your particular needs, consult an expert at your local garden center or hardware store.\nHow do you propagate a Boston fern?\nIf you're looking to add a touch of greenery to your home, propagation is a great way to get more plants for free. And if you're propagating a Boston fern, you're in luck - they're relatively easy to propagate, and make excellent houseplants.\nTo propagate a Boston fern, start by taking a healthy cutting from an existing plant. Cuttings should be about 6 inches long, and should include at least 2-3 leaf nodes.\nOnce you have your cutting, remove the bottom leaves and dip the nodes into rooting hormone.\nThen, plant the cutting in a pot filled with moist potting mix, and place the pot in a location with high humidity and indirect light.\nKeep the soil moist, but not soggy, and within a few weeks you should see new growth appearing.\nWith a little patience and care, you'll soon have a brand new Boston fern of your own.\nCan I prune my Boston fern?\nBoston ferns can be pruned, but you don't have to do it often. Boston ferns are slow-growing plants that only need a trim every three or four years. Because they grow from rhizomes, Boston ferns should always be cut back by 1/3 of the plant in one season. Trimming your Boston fern is best when it is actively growing and watering well during the summer.\nRemember that \"pruning\" is another word for cutting back plants to shape or keep them within limits, so think of it as giving yourself a haircut rather than hurting your plant. You can trim your Boston fern if it looks too big for space.\nThese are the basics of caring for your Boston fern.\nFerns are easy to grow and require minimal maintenance. They're perfect for beginners looking to get started in the world of growing their herbs. Boston ferns can be grown indoors or outdoors in most climates, depending on how much light they receive. If you've never grown a Boston fern before, here's what you need to know:\nThey prefer bright indirect sunlight or shade (they don't need full sun).\nWater only when the soil is dry (don't overwater).\nFeed once every two weeks with liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted at half strength (for example, if your plant needs 1 tsp of fertilizer per gallon of water, then use 1/2 tsp per pint).\nHow to grow Boston Fern in water?\nFrequently Asked Questions:\n1. What do Overwatered ferns look like?\nOverwatering causes leaves to wilt and turn yellow. This happens because excess moisture encourages bacterial growth. As bacteria multiply, they release toxins into the air, which cause the leaves to become discolored.\n2. How long does it take for a Boston fern to grow?\nIt takes about five years for a Boston fern seedling to reach maturity. However, once mature, it may live up to 50 years.\n3. Can I grow a Boston fern indoors?\nYes, Boston ferns can thrive indoors. Many people grow their Boston ferns indoors simply because they love their appearance. The key to successful indoor cultivation is proper lighting. A good rule of thumb is to provide 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Indirect sunlight works fine, too, provided enough natural light comes through windows or skylights.\n4. Do Boston ferns require any special care?\nYes, Boston ferns require regular feeding. Feed your Boston fern twice a month using a dilute liquid houseplant fertilizer. Fertilize early in the morning while the plant is still dormant.\n5. Is it okay to feed my Boston fern in winter?\nYes, you can feed your Boston fern in winter. However, make sure to give it less fertilizer than you would in the summer. For instance, if you usually feed your Boston fern once a week in the summer, then feed it once every two weeks in winter.\n6. Are Boston ferns easy to propagate?\nYes, Boston Ferns are very easy to propagate. Remove the rhizome from the ground, place it in a moist potting mix, and replant it. It will root quickly and easily.\n7. Should I repot my Boston fern?\nIf you notice that your Boston fern has outgrown its container, you might consider repotting. Repotting helps maintain healthy roots and promotes new growth. To report, first, loosen the soil around the base of the plant by gently pulling apart the surrounding soil. Then carefully lift the plant out of its current container. Wash off the dirt from the roots and cut away damaged parts. Next, fill the empty container with fresh potting mix. Finally, water the well and replace the plant in its new home.\nBoston Ferns like to be watered often, but not constantly. You should watering fern when the top of the soil feels dry to the touch. Check your fern regularly and give it a good drink whenever the top inch or so of soil is dry. With proper care, your Boston Fern will thrive for years to come.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Flue gas to Hot Water (or Steam) Exchange\nThe derived hot flue gas, at >850°C, travels through a number of heat exchanger flue gas to hot water (or steam) tubes. The heat exchanger section comprises a refractory wall enclosure providing a gas tight atmosphere surrounding the module banks.\nThe design of the non-drainable heat exchangers is crucial in terms of alkali deposit formation on tube surfaces and minimising the risk of de-novo dioxin formation. Independent tests have shown that Dioxin reformation does not take place due to the residence period and gas velocities. Heat exchanger surfaces are prone, where high alkali biomass fuels are the primary fuel, to severe fouling from ash deposits.\nThe BHSL heat exchange is designed to continuously remove ash and prevent it from building up. This maintains the ongoing efficiency of the process. Ash from the heat exchange area is removed by a horizontal screw conveyor.\nFlue Gas to Primary Air Exchange\nIn order to maximise the efficiency of the process the air used for primary combustion is pre-heated using an air to air heat exchange. The flue gas temperature at the exit of the primary air heater is controlled to ensure that stack exit temperatures are well above dew point temperatures of the main gas constituents and to minimise flue gas heat losses.\nInstrumentation within the flue gas path is mainly focused on flue gas temperatures; other instruments on the water path are designed to monitor flow and thermal gain.\nThe BHSL heat exchange uses alloys specifically selected for their performance on the flue gasses from manure combustion.\nThe Life Cycle of these parts has been proven over many years of operation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Reproduction permitted for personal use only. For reprints and reprint permission, contact firstname.lastname@example.org.\nStevens Point, Wis.\n- The official bogeyman of Earth Week 2008 is biofuels. A top United Nations official has called use of food crops to produce ethanol a crime against humanity, environmentalists are blaming ethanol production for destruction of rain forests, and food riots from Haiti to Egypt are being cited as examples of what happens to prices when land is used to grow fuel instead of food.\nIt's only a matter of time before the plight of the polar bears is somehow blamed on biofuels, as well.\nSomewhere between the irrational exuberance of those who believe biofuels will solve the world's energy problems tomorrow and the equally overblown fears of those who would smother an emerging industry in its crib lies the truth about biofuels. The debate is vital to Wisconsin, where the raw materials, research capacity, and industrial know-how required for production of next-generation biofuels is abundant.Conference of destiny\nThe food-versus-fuel debate was center stage at last week's Wisconsin Biofuels Destiny conference at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point\n, which attracted 120 people with different stakes in biofuels - from today's corn-based ethanol to future fuels more likely to stem from the state's huge and largely untapped forest biorefinery.\nFew participants argued that corn-based ethanol would forever remain the world's primary biofuel, given the need for greater energy efficiency and rapid changes in technology. However, those same participants were adamant that other factors are far more responsible for rising food prices worldwide than the intensely local production of corn- or sugar-based ethanol. Some examples:\nCommodity prices typically make up about one-fifth the cost of food to consumers; transportation, packaging, and labor account for the rest. With oil prices surging Tuesday to $118 per barrel of sweet crude, the ripple effect is finally hitting the food chain. If there is a crime against humanity to be alleged, perhaps the UN could take a closer look at the major oil-producing countries of the world.\nGlobal climate change, which increased use of biofuels could eventually help to mitigate, may be causing major disruptions in food production. In Australia, for example, a six-year drought has helped to reduce rice production by 98 percent and mothballed a mill that once processed enough grain to feed 20 million people. The drought alone is not responsible for the Australian rice crop's demise, however. Some rice farmers there have sold their water rights to farmers who grow other crops, such as grapes for wine.\nDemand for food is soaring as the world's population continues to grow. With rice, which is not used for biofuels production, there has been a growing supply problem. Little of the world's rice is exported; more than 90 percent is consumed where it is grown. In the last quarter century, however, rice production has not kept pace with consumption. Since 2000, the New York Times\nreported recently, global rice reserves have plunged by half.\nSome of the very nations that have rejected genetically modified crops, which are more resistant to climate change, drought and pests, are among those facing food shortages. Resistance to new technologies and processes has contributed to the problem.Artificial argument\nThe food-versus-fuel debate is artificial, said Greg Lynch, a lawyer with the law firm Michael Best & Friedrich\nwho has worked on a number of biofuels projects. Recent increases in food prices are primarily the result of increased worldwide demand for protein and increases in energy costs, not diversion of food for fuel.\nLynch and others believe farmer-owned biofuels plants create a natural hedge against fluctuations in commodity prices, provide a fuel that is environmentally friendly compared to fossil fuels, and act as a check against dependence on foreign energy sources. They're also quick to note that technology is improving ethanol production every day - and next generation biofuels produced from non-food sources will eventually come on line, as well. In time, they believe, ethanol subsidies will also disappear.\nWisconsin has the potential to produce next-generation biofuels, such as cellulosic ethanol, from sustainable forests, corn stover, switchgrass, waste from timber harvests and even pulp used for papermaking. Research at the $130 million Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center\n, headquartered in Madison, will help to remove the bottlenecks in the production of those advanced biofuels.\nThe same environmental movement that once championed biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels has decided to make ethanol Public Enemy No. 1, despite evidence that would suggest it has been a relatively minor contributor to rising food prices. In a world that needs both food and fuel, let's not allow either irrational exuberance or overblown fears to kill an emerging solution.Recent articles by Tom Still\nTom Still: Tough times spur angel, venture investing\nTom Still: If climate change is the issue, environmentalists should rethink nuclear\nTom Still: It's no joke: Investment climate in Wisconsin may be warming\nTom Still: Pinstripes amid the ivy: Could a business leader run UW-Madison?\nTom Still: On science and technology, candidates reveal differences - and similarities\nTom Still is president of the Wisconsin Technology Council\n. He is the former associate editor of the Wisconsin State Journal in Madison.\nThe opinions expressed herein or statements made in the above column are solely those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views of Wisconsin Technology Network, LLC.\nWTN accepts no legal liability or responsibility for any claims made or opinions expressed herein.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I took a writing course about four years ago. By the end of the second session, I was thinking, “Sheeze! I could teach this course.” I learned only one thing. During the second month, I learned the name of a very important concept I had been using unconsciously for years, thereby increasing my ability to write and edit purposefully.\nGrammatical versus Rhetorical Subject\nI learned that sentences can have two types of subjects: Grammatical and Rhetorical. We are all familiar with the first type. Parse this sentence and find the subject:\n“The proofreader looked askance at the period after the quotation mark, wondering if the writer is British.”\nThe subject is “proofreader,” right? It is the subject of the main verb “looked,” which mean it has the grammatical function of subject. We call “proofreader” the grammatical subject. Ok, we’re not breaking any new ground here. But now look at this sentence and find the subject:\n“The veterinarian said the dog has fleas.”\nUsing my psychic powers, I’m going to guess that you said “veterinarian” is the subject. Ahem…the grammatical subject. Now let’s talk about the ONE thing I learned in the writing course: rhetorical subjects. Look at that sentence again and answer this question: “Who or what is this sentence about?”\nThis sentence is NOT about the veterinarian or what the veterinarian said. This sentence is about the dog. Thus, the dog, not the veterinarian, is the real focus of this sentence, which means it is the rhetorical subject.\nDon’t believe me? Ok, let’s approach this differently. To find the grammatical subject, we identify the main verb. To find the rhetorical subject, we identify the main action. What is the main action described by this sentence? Although the main verb is “said,” the main action being described is having fleas. And who or what performs this action? The dog. Thus, the dog is the rhetorical subject.\nUsing the Rhetorical Subject as the Grammatical Subject\n“Gee, that’s swell. And that’s useful how?” I’m glad you asked. As a careful, effective, and purposeful writer, you want the grammatical subject to be the same word as the rhetorical subject. When we use the rhetorical subject as the grammatical subject, we get this revision:\n“According to the veterinarian, the dog has fleas.”\nNow what’s the grammatical subject? Dog. And what’s the rhetorical subject? Dog. In this revision, the grammatical and rhetorical subjects are the same. This improves the sentence in four ways:\n- The sentence clearly states its main idea.\n- The sentence focuses the readers’ attention on the right subject.\n- The sentence emphasizes the main action.\n- The sentence is economical.\nThe base sentence of the revised version is now “the dog has fleas,” and “according to the veterinarian” has been pushed into a descriptive phrase where it belongs.\nAnother Example of Rhetorical and Grammatical Subjects\nLet’s try another sentence in which the rhetorical and grammatical subjects differ.\n“There is a good reason for this mess.”\nWhen we parse this sentence, we find the following elements.\n- Grammatical subject: “there” [“There” and all other expletives make crummy subjects.]\n- Main verb: “is” [“Is” and all other state-of-being verbs weaken sentences.]\n- Main action: having a good reason for this mess\n- Rhetorical subject: I, we, you, she, etc. [This sentence doesn’t provide the person or thing who does the main action. In cases such as this, we have to figure it out from the context. Here, we’ll assume that I am the person who has the reason.]\nThis sentence is weak. It doesn’t use the rhetorical subject for the grammatical subject—it doesn’t even tell the reader who or what the rhetorical subject is! We’ll apply the same strategy as before to improve it and use the rhetorical subject “I” as the grammatical subject. This gives us the following revision.\n“I have a good reason for this mess.”\nWhat are the grammatical and rhetorical subjects now? In this revised sentence, “I” serves both functions. As a result, this sentence clearly states its main idea, focuses the readers’ attention on the doer of the main action, emphasizes the main action, and provides the idea economically. This sentence has another benefit: it demonstrates confidence, which, in this case, may be important.\nSummary of Everything Above\n- The grammatical subject is the subject of the main verb.\n- The rhetorical subject is the subject of the main action described by the sentence.\n- Clear, direct, economical sentences use the rhetorical subject as the grammatical subject.\n- If your grammatical subject and rhetorical subject are not the same, revise.\nTry These on Your Own\n“It appears that I was right.”\n“The hospital was where John recovered.”\n“Although John loved Mary, she preferred Tom.”\n“There was a book I read about the Civil War.”\n“Here is where the CEO got fired.”\n[One of these is a trick question.]\nThe hardcopy (13.95), PDF (9.95), and Kindle (9.95) versions of 300 Days of Better Writing are available for purchase at HostileEditing.com .\nUse coupon code BETTER300 and receive free shipping for the hardcopy. Purchase the hardcopy or PDF of 300 Days of Better Writing and get a free PDF of the Precise Edit Training Manual (automatic through PayPal, no coupon code necessary).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Marimbas are closely similar to xylophones, but pitched one octave lower and with thinner and wider bars. This gives them a richer sound and longer sustain than xylophones. Marimba bars are arranged similar to piano keys, with the accidentals occupying a separate row overlapping the first. Each bar is mounted over a metal tube called a resonator, which determines their frequency and amplifies the tones.\nMarimba mallets also differ from xylophone mallets, with one- to three-inch heads wrapped in hemp, yarn, or cord to make them softer. Wood is traditionally used for the handle, although newer models can have metal or carbon fiber handles for durability.\nTypes of Marimbas\nKinds of Marimbas include the following:\nThese marimbas have a single row of bars tuned to the C major scale. They usually have an additional key playing the F# note, which allows them to be played in G major. They often come in pitch ranges corresponding to soprano, alto, tenor, and bass classes. Their resonators have holes covered in cellophane, which produces a distinct buzzing sound. They are often played with the mbira, a native African instrument.\nZambian marimbas, also called Shinjimba, have one row of basic keys and a second row of accidentals. Their bars may be made of rosewood or paduak, an African indigenous wood. They are traditionally used in royal ceremonies by Western Zambia's Nkoya tribe.\nGuatemalan marimbas come in different sizes. The largest ones are played by ensembles. Their resonators are made of carved wood instead of metal, creating a fuller, warmer sound. The bars and resonators are housed in a wooden box.\nChoosing Marimbas (Buying tips)\nBars: Choose a marimba with rosewood bars for excellent sound quality. Paduak bars are cheaper, but tend to fall out of tune and do not sound as good as rosewood bars. Plastic bars have poor resonance, but may be ideal for children or when playing outdoors. Make sure the bars are uniformly sized and evenly spaced.\nResonators: Choose a marimba with wood or metal resonators for longer note sustains and better volume control. Make sure each resonator is even on the inside to prevent squeaks and skips. Metal resonators usually sound louder and hold notes longer. Choose PVC resonators for easier maintenance and durability when playing outdoors.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Internet lore says that the term “data science” was first used by DJ Patil in 2004. In 2015, Patil went on to work for the Obama administration as the first U.S. Chief Data Scientist, helping to launch various White House programmes, including the Data-Driven Justice Initiative.\nData has enmeshed itself in politics to a degree hitherto unseen. This process did not occur overnight. Data science is, after all, just a fancy name for statistics (a view, alas, which is not shared by many Linkedin users). It can be broadly defined as the collection and analysis of big data for the purpose of policymaking. John Graunt‘s publication of Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of Mortality in 1663 is sometimes identified as the birth of statistics. Whatever the precise date, it coincides with the development of the nation-state as the dominant polity. Rulers and governments realised that the scale of organisation was getting bigger, and accurate information was vital.\nThe link between data and politics is right there in Graunt’s title.\n21st century politicians, and the commentators who shape public debate, use the label “data-driven” far too freely. In the UK, the government talks of “evidence-based policies”. We’re bombarded with figures, percentages, graphs and charts, all checked and verified (remember those Brexit debates?). The trouble is that political debate often revolves around too much data, while the right questions never get asked.\nSpeed limits and Bayesian evidence\nRecently, the French government decided to lower the speed limit on highways to 80 km/h. The stated aim is to reduce traffic fatalities. Really? Let us look at some data. More than 23% of traffic deaths in France are linked to cannabis. In the United States, road crash deaths rise dramatically after “Weed Day”. So why not crack down on drugs instead? Surely that is the most significant feature in the data matrix?\nIf the government really wished to make evidence-based policies”, the rigorous way to go about it would be something like:\nHypothesis 0: Given the current data on road deaths, alcohol, drugs etc, lowering the speed limit will not reduce fatalities.\nHypothesis 1: Given the same current data, lowering the speed limit will reduce fatalities.\nThe question is to find the Bayesian evidence for one hypothesis against the other. We don’t have current data for an 80 km/h speed limit, because it hasn’t yet been introduced. In order to answer the question, we would need to simulate future data.\nThere is plenty of debate going on about this new law. If data scientists were involved, we would be asking how policymakersconcluded that lowering the speed limit was the most effective measure.\nGDP and data visualisation\nIt’s the economy, stupid. The GDP is the buzzword in political discourse. I won’t go into the question of how the GDP is calculated. Some governments cheat, and those that don’t have a hard enough time pinning down the data. EU statistical guidelines say illegal transactions should be included in GDP calculations. The UK did so in 2014 (adding prostitution and drugs), and its economy overtook France. Voilà.\nThe trouble with so much of the debate on GDP, income or wealth is one of data visualisation. Governments obviously have all the data down to the individual (that’s what tax returns are for), but they often just quote the average. Headlines like “The GDP per capita has risen” tell us very little. It’s just the average (the mean? the median?). It’s even worse when it is followed by “so we’re all better off”. Not necessarily.\nLook at the chart below.\nIt’s taken from a government report on household income at the national level. It gives a lot of information, but most of it is irrelevant. The one bit of information that matters (the total household income) is given as a mean and median average. We can’t tell how income is distributed, which is what we’re really after if we wish to get a snapshot of the country’s economy. And yet the data must be available for the average to have been calculated.\nNow look at the second chart.\nIt’s taken from a German federal government national statistics office publication. It gives the statistical distribution of the income. So we can tell at a glance what the bulk of the population earn. And if you’re a politician, keeping most of the people happy is what you’re after.\nThe income distribution is also essential in formulating labour laws, which determine things like the minimum wage, and the kinds of jobs created, all of which determine wealth creation. These are policies that require extensive national debate. If the press and the people don’t see the relevant charts, and have to make do with an average, that debate is going nowhere.\nStrong claims require strong evidence\nMost of all, they require the right questions.\nMost Western governments – certainly those in the EU, and the EU Commission itself – are pretty upbeat about globalisation. They will say that it has led to global economic growth. This is correct. So why isn’t everybody happy?\nLook at this graph, taken from a World Bank publication.\nThe global economy has grown by an average of around 25% in the 20 years from 1988 to 2008.\nNow let’s ask the hard questions. Look at the horizontal axis. The developing world has been helped by globalisation (on this specific point, Bill Gates is right). The richest people have done well too. The top 1% of the world’s income earners saw their income rise by 60% over this period.\nBut an important group of people are missing out on all these benefits. Their incomes have stagnated. They’re the ones in between the rich and poor– roughly the 70th to 90th percentile. They also happen to make up the bulk of the people in the developed world. Places like the European Union.\nWhen European governments point to the benefits of globalisation, it’s not so much that they’re using the wrong data. It’s that they’ve drawn their conclusions before they’ve even looked at it.\nEnter the data scientists\nWe cannot expect all politicians and governments to be data wizards. It’s hard enough finding honest ones these days.\nBut data scientists can and should help. They should get involved in political debate. The operative keyword in “data scientist” is “scientist”. Data scientists should be sceptics. Like journalists, they should believe nothing and question everything. That is to say, they should verify the data, and ask the right questions.\nSome data scientists do get involved in political debate. You can find them all over the Internet. And many get involved in community projects run by voluntary organisation. This is all to their credit. But quite a few tend to be evangelists for blind optimism. They sound more like tech lobbyists than data scientists. When the project is run by someone else (such as the government), and when the data shows unpleasant things, they are nowhere to be found.\nPolitics used to be about principles, about arguing your point, and perhaps backing it up with facts. In the age of 24-hour news overload, fickle electorates and opinion polls, principles have all but disappeared, replaced by “data-driven policies” and quick-fire assertions about numbers and data, sometimes designed to baffle the electorate (when they don’t baffle the politicians themselves).\nDJ Patil stated several times that the mission of the U.S. Chief Data Scientist is to responsibly unleash the power of data. To which it might be replied that it is the people’s responsibility to hold their government to account when it starts going on about data.\nNow, more than ever, we need data scientists. But we need them there in the (often) irrational world of politics, mucking in.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "For several practices, cost-effectiveness values are presented as \"box and\nwhisker\" plots. The range shown in these plots represents the variability in\nBMP nutrient loading across different sites. The ranges do not capture other\nsources of variability such as the site-specific variations in BMP cost or\nsummarizes the cost-effectiveness estimates for\npractice&or which both cost and effectiveness data were available.\nThe cost data that are presented in this report represent the direct cost of\nOther \"less direct: costs such as (1) opportunity costs from\nand (2) costs of\nloss of productive land to\nhigher fertilizer costs,\ncosts resulting from pollution impacts) are not\nSpecific findings of this report include:\nThe cost-effectiveness of animal waste management practices is highly\ndependent upon the preexisting waste management practice on a farm. The\nrange of the cost-effectiveness estimates for any given scenario can be quite\nwide due to variability in (1) nutrient content of the waste and (2) the crop's\nWater control structures are highly cost-effective for nitrogen control, but not\nfor phosphorus control.\nNutrient management is not cost-shared in the basin, yet it has been shown to\nbe highly cost-effective.\nis a cost-effective\nRelative to other\npractice for both nitrogen and phosphorus reduction, especially when used in\nconjunction with nutrient management.\nRelative to other practices, terracing is not cost-effective for either nitrogen\nconversion could potentially be very cost-effective, but this depends\ngreatly on site-specific factors.\nInsufficient data exist to\neffectiveness (and therefore,\neffectiveness) of grassed waterways, diversions, and stripcropping.\nAlthough data are presented by BMP type, it is important to realize that\nholistic farm management is more cost-effective than single objective BMP", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What the Anesthesiologist Should Know before the Operative Procedure\nIntra-abdominal adhesions develop as a result of abdominal surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopic) or less commonly from inflammatory conditions. In fact, adhesions are the most common etiology for small bowel obstruction. While many patients who develop adhesions can be managed conservatively, some will require surgery for lysis of adhesions.\nAdhesions may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bowel obstruction. Major management issues include pain control, fluid resuscitation, and correction of electrolyte and metabolic derangements. For patients who develop ischemic bowel as a result of adhesions, these issues must be addressed expeditiously.\n1. What is the urgency of the surgery?\nWhat is the risk of delay in order to obtain additional preoperative information?\nEarly postoperative bowel obstruction (occurring within 30 days) develops in less than 5% of cases. The majority of these cases are managed conservatively (for up to 2 weeks), as the adhesions generally resolve. Emergent surgery is indicated for those patients that develop strangulated bowel. These patients may present with peritoneal signs, fever, leukocytosis, hemodynamic instability (tachycardia/hypotension), and metabolic acidosis. A CT scan of the abdomen can assist in establishing the diagnosis.\nEmergent: Adhesions that cause strangulated bowel. These patients may benefit from preoperative admission to the intensive care unit for resuscitation.\nUrgent: For patients with suspected bowel obstruction who fail conservative therapy, surgery may be indicated. Again, volume depletion and electrolyte/metabolic disorders is should be corrected prior to surgery.\nElective: Adhesions thought to contribute to abdominal pain. Evidence suggests that elective adhesiolysis for adhesions causing abdominal pain may lack efficacy (for example, in patients with chronic pelvic pain). In these patients, obtaining adequate pain control may be the major issue.\n2. Preoperative evaluation\nAdhesions may cause abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Vomiting may lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and acid-base disorders. The clinical assessment of volume status is of primary importance. Patients whose adhesions have resulted in long-term vomiting may present with significant volume depletion. The physical exam reveals decreased skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, and decreased jugular venous distention. Hypotension may be present with progressive volume depletion. Tachycardia and hypotension may cause a demand-type cardiac ischemia. Electrolyte disorders are common and metabolic acidosis may be present in cases of strangulated bowel. Acute kidney injury is possible from hypovolemic hypotension.\nMedically unstable conditions warranting further evaluation include the following: With cases of suspected strangulated bowel, emergency surgery should proceed as soon as possible. Mortality from gangrenous strangulated bowel is high if surgery is delayed. Therefore, prompt attention to correcting fluid, metabolic, and electrolyte disorders is indicated.\nDelaying surgery may be indicated if a patient presents with hypovolemic hypotension, significant electrolyte, and metabolic disorders. In these patients, preoperative admission to the intensive care unit for fluid resuscitation and correction of electrolytes and metabolic derangements may reduce the hemodynamic complications associated with the induction of general anesthesia.\n3. What are the implications of co-existing disease on perioperative care?\nPatients with active comorbidities are higher risk for perioperative complications. Depending on the urgency of surgery (i.e., patients with suspected strangulated bowel from adhesions), there may be limited time to stabilize these issues prior to surgery.\nFor patients scheduled for urgent or elective procedures, optimizing comorbid conditions will help to reduce the risk of perioperative complications. Medical clearance may not be necessary and appears to depend on institution-specific policies. In general, patients with preexisting neurologic, cardiac, pulmonary, and renal disease should be well controlled. Available medical records and an up-to-date medication list need to be obtained. Standard preoperative evaluation of cardiac risk using the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guides additional testing.\nPerioperative risk reduction strategies\nFor patients at risk for cardiac complications, perioperative beta blockade may be considered. Caution should be observed in continuing ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in dehydrated patients and for procedures with expected significant volume shifts.\nb. Cardiovascular system\nDepends on the urgency of surgery. Patients with acute coronary syndrome, active congestive heart failure, or significant rhythm disorders should be managed in collaboration with a cardiologist.\nBaseline coronary artery disease or cardiac dysfunction – Goals of management\nOptimize heart rate and blood pressure. A five-lead ECG with ST-segment monitoring will assist in detecting rhythm changes and ischemia. Additional invasive and noninvasive monitoring is considered for patients at high risk for cardiac complications.\nSeverity of disease based on oxygen and steroid requirements. Review pulmonary function tests and radiographs if available. Continue preoperative inhalers.\nReactive airway disease (Asthma)\nContinue preoperative inhaler regimen. Monitor for bronchospasm.\nObstructive sleep apnea (OSA)\nIf likely undiagnosed OSA, consider postoperative pulse oximetry and close monitoring on a telemetry floor or intensive care unit, especially for patients who will require narcotics. For patients with established OSA, have patient bring own machine and assess settings and fit of apparatus.\nEvaluate baseline BUN and creatinine. Patients who present with hypovolemia are at increased risk for perioperative acute kidney injury.\nReview past abdominal operations and radiographs (plain abdominal films and CT scan) with surgeon. Determine whether a bowel obstruction (either partial or complete) is suspected and whether bowel is at risk for strangulation/ischemia.\nPatients with a history of ischemic stroke or carotid stenosis require careful intraoperative blood pressure monitoring. Consideration should be given to maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure.\nFor patients scheduled forurgenAcute issues (recent stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or seizure): Obtain neurologic consultation prior to case to determine appropriate timing of surgery.\nChronic disease: The risk of discontinuing antiplatelet medications should be weighed against the risk of perioperative bleeding.\nPatients with chronic steroid use may require pre-operative administration of a corticosteroid, “stress dose,” to attenuate the risk of hypotension from surgical stress.\ng. Additional systems/conditions which may be of concern in a patient undergoing this procedure and are relevant for the anesthetic plan (eg. musculoskeletal in orthopedic procedures, hematologic in a cancer patient)\n4. What are the patient's medications and how should they be managed in the perioperative period?\nThe decision to hold or continue a medication is individualized and depends on the systemic problems caused by the adhesions and the urgency of surgery. For example, for patients with nonurgent surgery without bowel obstruction, most medications can be continued during the perioperative period. For patients with suspected strangulated bowel and associated volume depletion, and electrolyte/metabolic issues, care should be taken to avoid medications that may exacerbate hypotension with general anesthesia.\nh. Are there medications commonly seen in patients undergoing this procedure and for which should there be greater concern?\nThis may include medications specific to diseases associated with surgery. Use caution with continuing anti-hypertensive medications (e.g., ACEIs or ARBs) in patients who are hypovolemic or have anticipated large fluid shifts associated with surgery.\ni. What should be recommended with regard to continuation of medications taken chronically?\nFor cases of suspected bowel obstruction and for those patients not able to tolerate PO, convert oral medications for intravenous administration.\nContinue, with considerations on holding for volume depletion.\nContinue all inhalers.\nContinue antiepileptics, consider checking levels as appropriate. Continue Parkinson’s medications.\nContinue levothyroxine and steroids (or substitute with intravenous stress dose).\nAssess on individual basis and weigh bleeding risks from surgery versus risk for perioperative stroke or myocardial infarction.\nContinue if poorly controlled depression or other psychiatric illness.\nj. How To modify care for patients with known allergies –\nk. Latex allergy- If the patient has a sensitivity to latex (eg. rash from gloves, underwear, etc.) versus anaphylactic reaction, prepare the operating room with latex-free products.\nl. Does the patient have any antibiotic allergies- – Common antibiotic allergies and alternative antibiotics]\nm. Does the patient have a history of allergy to anesthesia?\nDocumented: avoid all trigger agents such as succinylcholine and inhalational agents:\nProposed general anesthetic plan:\nEnsure MH cart available [MH protocol]\n5. What laboratory tests should be obtained and has everything been reviewed?\nHypovolemia, which can occur in the setting of bowel obstruction, may effect electrolyte and metabolic conditions. Specific abnormalities are discussed below.\nHemoglobin and hematocrit levels may be elevated as a result of decreased plasma volume (hemoconcentration).\nSerum sodium may be elevated (from insensible losses or diabetes insipidus) or low (SIADH), depending on the etiology. Serum potassium may be elevated, but is more commonly low as a result of GI or urine losses. Serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels should be checked and supplemented as necessary.\nHypovolemia usually results in a low urine sodium. A fractional excretion of sodium is <1%. Urine osmolality is concentrated.\nPT/INR, PTT, and platelet count. Additional work-up as appropriate for patients with a bleeding diasthesis.\nPlain abdominal films and CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis.\nBUN and creatinine should be reviewed. A ratio of BUN/Cr >20:1 is one clue to suggest hypovolemia.\nAn arterial blood gas may reveal a hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis for patients with emesis. However, for patients with strangulated bowel, a metabolic acidosis with an elevated serum lactate may be present.\nIntraoperative Management: What are the options for anesthetic management and how to determine the best technique?\nA general anesthetic is typical for either a laparotomy or laparoscopic approach to lysis of adhesions. For appropriate patients, epidural analgesia can provide excellent pain control. In addition to standard ASA monitors, invasive monitors should be considered for patients who present with hypovolemic shock or suspected strangulated bowel. Invasively monitoring central venous pressures or arterial blood pressures may help to guide fluid resuscitation. Newer, noninvasive methods, such as the NICOM monitor, may assist fluid management. Adequate intravenous access is important. Urine output should be measured with a Foley catheter.\nEpidural analgesia may be effective for postoperative pain control after a laparotomy, especially for those patients with chronic pain. For patients who present hemodynamically unstable with small bowel obstruction, epidural analgesia should be deferred.\nBenefits: Potentially improved pain control with earlier ambulation and return to bowel function.\nDrawbacks: Hypotension is a concern for patients who are hypovolemic. Usual contraindications as outline in recent ASRA guidelines apply.\nIssues: Need to discuss postoperative anticoagulation regimen with surgical team. Placement and removal of an epidural catheter should follow ASRA recommendations.\nPeripheral nerve block\nA transversus abdominus plane block (TAP) is used with relatively high success rates in reducing postoperative pain following a laparotomy. This is a basic block when combined with ultrasound guidance and may be helpful for those patients who remain with high pain scores after significant narcotic administration.\nBenefits: Easy to learn and perform. Associated with good reduction in pain scores.\nDrawbacks: Requires ultrasound and basic regional anesthesia skills.\nIssues: For obese patients, determining fascial planes can be challenging. Incision and dressings may interfere with placement.\nb. General Anesthesia\nBenefits: Provides a secure airway and excellent muscle relaxation to facilitate exposure.\nDrawbacks: May induce hemodynamic instability in hypovolemic patients.\nAirway concerns: Assume full stomach and induce using a rapid sequence technique. The application of cricoid pressure has come under debate recently and should be used at the discretion of the practitioner.\nc. Monitored Anesthesia Care:\nNot considered an option\n6. What is the author's preferred method of anesthesia technique and why?\nA general anesthetic is administered to patients who receive either a laparotomy or laparoscopy. We would consider placing an epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia in the appropriate patient. In addition, for patients without an epidural having significant pain requirements, we would consider a placing a postoperative TAP block.\nWhat prophylactic antibiotics should be administered?\nFor intra-abdominal surgery not involving the colon or rectum, cefazolin is preferred. For patients with penicillin or cephalosporin allergies, clindamycin in addition to either ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or gentamicin. For surgery involving the colon or rectum, prophylaxis with cefoxitin or cefotetan is recommended. For allergic patients, clindamycin in addition to gentamicin or an intravenous fluoroquinolone is advised. These recommendations are based on the 2009 Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP).\nWhat do I need to know about the surgical technique to optimize my anesthetic care?\nEither a laparotomy or laparoscopic approach is used for lysis of adhesions. For laparoscopic cases, the cardiopulmonary changes associated with peritoneal insufflation may be exaggerated in patients who are underresuscitated.\nWhat can I do intraoperatively to assist the surgeon and optimize patient care?\nClose attention to fluid resuscitation and correction of electrolyte/metabolic derangements will improve outcome. Inadvertent enterotomy is a complication of the procedure.\n*** Type Here.\nb. If the patient is intubated, are there any special criteria for extubation?\nFor patients who present with small bowel obstruction as a result of adhesions, extubation should be deferred until the patient is adequately fluid resuscitated and any electrolyte/metabolic disorders are corrected. Should the patient require significant fluid resuscitation, the presence of a cuff leak may provide evidence that swelling/airway edema is not compromising the airway.\nc. Postoperative management\nWhat analgesic modalities can I implement?\nPCA opioid, epidural analgesia, or TAP block.\nWhat level bed acuity is appropriate?\nFor patients with small bowel obstruction and ongoing fluid resuscitation, admission to the ICU. For other urgent, elective cases, admission to floor/telemetry depends on the control of patient comorbidities (example, a patient with OSA will require postoperative pulse oximetry and apnea monitoring).\nWhat are common postoperative complications, and ways to prevent and treat them?\nDVT prophylaxis should be started as soon as possible to reduce the risk of DVT/PE, especially in those patients who will not ambulate soon after surgery.\nWhat's the Evidence?\nParker, MC, Ellis, H, Moran, BJ. “Postoperative adhesions: ten-year follow-up of 12,584 patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery”. Dis Colon Rectum. vol. 44. 2001. pp. 822\nBeck, DE, Opelka, FG, Bailey, HR. “Incidence of small bowel obstruction and adhesiolysis after open colorectal and general surgery”. Dis Colon Rectum. vol. 42. 1999. pp. 241\nSabiston, DC, Lyerly, HK. “Textbook of surgery: the biologic basis of modern surgical practice”. 1997.\nHodin, RA, Bordeianou, L. “Small bowel obstruction: causes and management”. 2011.\nHoward, F. “Causes of chronic pelvic pain in women”. 2011.\nMcDonnell, JG, O’Donnell, BD, Farrell, T. “Transversus abdominus plane block: A cadaveric and radiologic evaluation”. Reg Anesth Pain Med. vol. 32. 2007. pp. 399\nCopyright © 2017, 2013 Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. All rights reserved.\nNo sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. The Licensed Content is the property of and copyrighted by DSM.\n- What the Anesthesiologist Should Know before the Operative Procedure\n- 1. What is the urgency of the surgery?\n- What is the risk of delay in order to obtain additional preoperative information?\n- 2. Preoperative evaluation\n- 3. What are the implications of co-existing disease on perioperative care?\n- b. Cardiovascular system\n- c. Pulmonary\n- d. Renal-GI:\n- e. Neurologic:\n- f. Endocrine:\n- g. Additional systems/conditions which may be of concern in a patient undergoing this procedure and are relevant for the anesthetic plan (eg. musculoskeletal in orthopedic procedures, hematologic in a cancer patient)\n- 4. What are the patient's medications and how should they be managed in the perioperative period?\n- h. Are there medications commonly seen in patients undergoing this procedure and for which should there be greater concern?\n- i. What should be recommended with regard to continuation of medications taken chronically?\n- j. How To modify care for patients with known allergies -\n- k. Latex allergy- If the patient has a sensitivity to latex (eg. rash from gloves, underwear, etc.) versus anaphylactic reaction, prepare the operating room with latex-free products.\n- l. Does the patient have any antibiotic allergies- - Common antibiotic allergies and alternative antibiotics]\n- m. Does the patient have a history of allergy to anesthesia?\n- 5. What laboratory tests should be obtained and has everything been reviewed?\n- Intraoperative Management: What are the options for anesthetic management and how to determine the best technique?\n- 6. What is the author's preferred method of anesthesia technique and why?\n- a. Neurologic:\n- b. If the patient is intubated, are there any special criteria for extubation?\n- c. Postoperative management", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A rainy weekend in Cheshire wasn’t enough to stop the Henry Royce Institute from taking on their biggest outreach event to date!\nOn Friday 19th July, 25 volunteers from across the Royce partners arrived at a wet and muddy Jodrell Bank, to open up the Royce Laboratory once more and engage children in the world of materials science and engineering. This year saw a new addition to the Royce clean room with a functional Glove Box from the National Graphene Institute. Festival-goers were tasked with building the molecular structure of Graphene with adult-sized gloves; proving a near-impossible challenge.\nBluedot 2019 marked 50 years since the moon landing and against the backdrop of the Lovell Telescope the festival was set to be an intergalactic showcase of music, science, and entertainment. The Royce went full interstellar with a ‘How to make a Space Suit’ activity. Volunteers demonstrated how the properties of UV resistant materials protect against dangerous levels of radiation in space using different samples as a barrier between a UV torch and UV sensitive beads. Arcadio Martinez-Madrid, a summer intern at the Institute said;\nBy using a gold-sputtered petri dish we are able to explain how specific materials are used in a visor to protect against radiation. It was brilliant to see the look on the kid’s faces when the beads didn’t change colour\nAlong with aerospace demonstrations, the Royce Lab explored biomimetic materials with ‘Nature’s Inspirations’. Using the properties of lotus leaves, gecko’s feet, burdock burrs, and hydrophobic soil, stand visitors matched natural materials to their man-made counterparts in hydrophobic shorts, gecko pads, velcro, and magic sand. Lejla Softic commenting on the activity said:\nExploring material properties is one of the simplest ways to explain what we do in materials science. It was amazing to see children find the link between natural and man-made materials and to see how we draw inspiration from nature. Mixing children, water and sand was definitely a recipe for the messiest table!\nOver the weekend the Royce spoke with over 2000 visitors and there were some familiar faces from 2018 back again to take on the Royce challenges;\nIsy back in her favourite tent ‘doing material science’ w the lovely @RoyceInstitute staff. Thanks so much for all your energy, and for remembering my girl from last year! @bluedotfestival pic.twitter.com/LR41J5fK5a\n— Laura Carter (@bobbly72) July 22, 2019\nThis year’s event was co-organise by Chris Hamlett, National Outreach Officer for Materials Science and focused on exploring the broad nature of materials science and engineering. Chris commented that:\nHere at Bluedot we’re engaging with both children and parents to enthuse them into materials science. It’s not a common subject that children will come across at school so we’re here to show that it covers all kinds of subjects from physics to chemistry to design and most importantly, that it’s fun! It’s so crucial to get young people involved with science at a young age so that they can see it as a possible career choice in the future.\nWe are currently updating the Outreach and Public Engagement pages on our website. Check back in September 2019 for our upcoming outreach events and KS3 learning resources for materials science activities.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Nutrition & Diet\nWhy A Raw Diet Is Bad For Dogs\nPublished: January 27, 2024\nLearn why a raw diet may not be the best choice for your dog's nutrition and diet. Discover the potential risks and alternatives.\n(Many of the links in this article redirect to a specific reviewed product. Your purchase of these products through affiliate links helps to generate commission for Pawsomeoldies.com, at no extra cost. Learn more)\nTable of Contents\nThe concept of feeding raw food to dogs has gained popularity in recent years, with proponents advocating for its purported benefits. However, it's essential to critically examine the potential drawbacks and risks associated with a raw diet for dogs. While the idea of providing dogs with a diet that mimics what their wild ancestors consumed may seem appealing, it's crucial to consider the implications from a nutritional and safety standpoint. This article delves into the reasons why a raw diet may not be the best choice for our canine companions, shedding light on the potential pitfalls that pet owners should be aware of.\nA raw diet for dogs typically consists of uncooked meat, bones, and organs, often supplemented with fruits, vegetables, and certain additives. Proponents of this approach argue that it aligns with the natural dietary preferences of canines, emphasizing the consumption of raw, unprocessed foods. However, it's important to recognize that domesticated dogs have evolved alongside humans and have adapted to consuming commercial pet foods over generations. These commercially available diets are formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of dogs, providing a balanced blend of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.\nWhile the idea of a raw diet may evoke images of vitality and robust health, it's crucial to acknowledge the potential risks and drawbacks. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the concerns associated with feeding dogs a raw diet, encompassing aspects such as nutritional deficiencies, bacterial contamination, digestive issues, and the heightened risk of choking or intestinal blockages. By exploring these factors, pet owners can make informed decisions regarding their canine companions' dietary needs, prioritizing their health and well-being.\nAs we delve into the intricacies of a raw diet for dogs, it's important to approach the topic with a balanced perspective, weighing the potential benefits against the inherent risks. By critically evaluating the implications of this dietary approach, pet owners can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in providing optimal nutrition for their beloved canine companions.\nRead more: Why Is A Vegan Diet Bad For Dogs\nLack of Essential Nutrients\nA significant concern associated with a raw diet for dogs is the potential lack of essential nutrients. While proponents of this dietary approach often emphasize the natural, unprocessed nature of raw foods, it's crucial to recognize that achieving a balanced and complete nutritional profile for dogs through raw feeding can be challenging. Commercially available dog foods are formulated to provide a comprehensive array of essential nutrients, carefully calibrated to meet the specific dietary requirements of canine companions. These nutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, all of which play pivotal roles in supporting overall health and well-being.\nWhen dogs are exclusively fed a raw diet, there is an increased risk of nutritional imbalances, potentially leading to deficiencies in vital nutrients. For instance, achieving the appropriate balance of calcium and phosphorus, essential for bone health, can be particularly challenging when relying solely on raw meat and bones. Furthermore, deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D, iron, and zinc, can arise when the diet lacks diversity and fails to encompass a wide range of nutrient sources.\nAnother critical consideration is the absence of essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, which are crucial for maintaining healthy skin, coat, and overall immune function. While certain raw food components may contain these fatty acids, ensuring consistent and adequate levels can be complex without precise dietary planning and supplementation.\nMoreover, the concept of providing a \"complete and balanced\" raw diet for dogs necessitates meticulous attention to detail, including sourcing high-quality ingredients and adhering to stringent nutritional guidelines. Without expert guidance and thorough understanding of canine nutritional requirements, pet owners may inadvertently expose their dogs to the risk of nutrient deficiencies, potentially compromising their health in the long run.\nIn essence, the lack of essential nutrients in a raw diet for dogs poses a significant challenge, requiring meticulous planning and expertise to ensure that dogs receive the full spectrum of vital nutrients essential for their overall health and well-being. By acknowledging these nutritional complexities, pet owners can make informed decisions regarding their canine companions' dietary needs, prioritizing their long-term health and vitality.\nRisk of Bacterial Contamination\nOne of the prominent concerns associated with feeding dogs a raw diet is the heightened risk of bacterial contamination. Raw meat, a staple component of this dietary approach, can harbor various pathogens, including Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria, posing potential health hazards to both dogs and their human companions. While dogs may possess a more robust digestive system compared to humans, they are not impervious to the adverse effects of consuming contaminated raw meat.\nThe presence of pathogenic bacteria in raw meat can lead to a spectrum of health issues in dogs, ranging from gastrointestinal disturbances to severe infections. Moreover, dogs can act as carriers of these pathogens, potentially transmitting them to humans through direct contact or environmental contamination. This zoonotic potential underscores the importance of exercising caution when handling and serving raw meat-based diets to dogs.\nFurthermore, the preparation and storage of raw food for dogs require stringent hygiene practices to mitigate the risk of bacterial contamination. Cross-contamination in the kitchen, improper storage temperatures, and inadequate handling procedures can exacerbate the likelihood of bacterial proliferation, amplifying the potential health risks associated with raw feeding.\nIt's imperative for pet owners considering a raw diet for their dogs to be cognizant of the meticulous food safety measures that this approach demands. This includes sourcing high-quality, pathogen-free raw ingredients, implementing rigorous sanitation protocols during food preparation, and closely monitoring the storage and handling of raw meat to minimize the risk of bacterial contamination.\nIn addition to the health implications for dogs, the potential transmission of pathogenic bacteria from raw diets to humans underscores the broader public health concerns associated with this dietary approach. As such, pet owners must be vigilant in safeguarding both their canine companions and themselves from the risks of bacterial contamination inherent in raw feeding.\nBy acknowledging the elevated risk of bacterial contamination associated with raw diets for dogs, pet owners can make informed decisions regarding their canine companions' dietary choices, prioritizing their health and well-being while mitigating potential health hazards for both their pets and themselves.\nPotential for Digestive Issues\nThe transition to a raw diet for dogs introduces the potential for digestive issues that warrant careful consideration. While proponents of raw feeding often tout its digestive benefits, it's essential to recognize the complexities involved in acclimating dogs to this dietary approach. The abrupt shift from commercial pet foods to raw diets can disrupt the delicate balance of the canine digestive system, leading to a spectrum of gastrointestinal challenges.\nOne of the primary concerns is the abrupt change in dietary composition and texture. Commercial pet foods are formulated to provide a consistent blend of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, often in a processed and easily digestible form. In contrast, raw diets encompass a diverse array of unprocessed components, including raw meat, bones, and organs, which can present a stark contrast to the digestive system. This abrupt dietary shift can trigger digestive distress, manifesting as diarrhea, vomiting, or constipation as the canine digestive system grapples with the novel food composition.\nMoreover, the potential for bacterial contamination in raw meat further compounds the risk of digestive issues in dogs. Pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli, commonly associated with raw meat, can provoke gastrointestinal disturbances, undermining the digestive health of dogs. The introduction of these pathogens to the canine digestive tract can incite inflammatory responses, leading to acute or chronic digestive issues that compromise the overall well-being of the animals.\nAdditionally, the transition to a raw diet necessitates meticulous attention to dietary balance and variety. Without careful planning and consideration of the nutritional components in raw feeding, dogs may encounter digestive challenges stemming from nutrient imbalances. The absence of essential nutrients or the overconsumption of certain components can disrupt the delicate equilibrium of the digestive system, precipitating a range of gastrointestinal issues that detract from the dogs' overall health and vitality.\nFurthermore, the potential for digestive issues in dogs transitioning to a raw diet underscores the need for gradual dietary acclimatization and expert guidance. By gradually introducing raw components and closely monitoring the dogs' digestive responses, pet owners can mitigate the risk of abrupt dietary disturbances, fostering a smoother transition to raw feeding while minimizing the likelihood of digestive issues.\nIn essence, the potential for digestive issues in dogs transitioning to a raw diet underscores the need for a nuanced and cautious approach. By acknowledging the intricacies involved in dietary transitions and prioritizing the digestive well-being of canine companions, pet owners can navigate the challenges associated with raw feeding, fostering optimal digestive health for their beloved pets.\nIncreased Risk of Choking or Intestinal Blockages\nThe transition to a raw diet for dogs introduces a heightened risk of choking or intestinal blockages, necessitating careful consideration and proactive measures to safeguard the well-being of canine companions. Raw diets often include components such as raw bones, which, while touted as natural dental aids and sources of essential nutrients, can pose significant hazards to dogs' digestive health.\nOne of the primary concerns is the potential for dogs to choke on raw bones, especially when consumed in large or irregularly shaped pieces. Despite the perception of raw bones as natural and safe for dogs, the reality is that they can splinter or fragment, posing a choking hazard that jeopardizes the dogs' well-being. The risk is further compounded in households with multiple dogs, as competition for raw bones can escalate the likelihood of rapid, uncontrolled consumption, heightening the risk of choking incidents.\nMoreover, the ingestion of raw bones carries the potential for intestinal blockages, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. When dogs consume raw bones, particularly large or dense ones, there is a risk of these objects becoming lodged in the digestive tract, obstructing the passage of food and causing severe gastrointestinal distress. Intestinal blockages can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, lethargy, and loss of appetite, necessitating immediate veterinary intervention to alleviate the obstruction and mitigate the associated health risks.\nFurthermore, the potential for choking or intestinal blockages underscores the need for vigilant supervision and strategic feeding practices when incorporating raw bones into dogs' diets. Pet owners must exercise caution when selecting appropriate bone sizes and textures, opting for raw bones specifically designed for canine consumption to minimize the risk of splintering and choking hazards. Additionally, implementing structured feeding routines and closely monitoring dogs' bone-chewing behaviors can mitigate the likelihood of rapid bone consumption and reduce the risk of choking incidents or intestinal blockages.\nIn essence, the increased risk of choking or intestinal blockages associated with raw diets for dogs necessitates a proactive and informed approach to safeguarding the digestive health of canine companions. By acknowledging these potential hazards and implementing prudent feeding practices, pet owners can prioritize the safety and well-being of their beloved pets, fostering a balanced and nourishing dietary experience while mitigating the risks of choking or intestinal blockages.\nRead more: How Do I Switch My Dog To A Raw Food Diet\nIn conclusion, while the concept of a raw diet for dogs may initially appear appealing, it is essential for pet owners to critically evaluate the potential drawbacks and risks associated with this dietary approach. The allure of providing dogs with a diet that mirrors their wild ancestors' consumption can be overshadowed by the intricate complexities and potential pitfalls that come with raw feeding. From the risk of nutritional deficiencies and bacterial contamination to the potential for digestive issues and the heightened risk of choking or intestinal blockages, the implications of a raw diet for dogs necessitate careful consideration and informed decision-making.\nThe lack of essential nutrients in raw diets poses a significant challenge, requiring meticulous planning and expertise to ensure that dogs receive the full spectrum of vital nutrients essential for their overall health and well-being. Achieving a balanced and complete nutritional profile for dogs through raw feeding can be complex, and the potential for nutrient deficiencies underscores the need for expert guidance and thorough understanding of canine nutritional requirements.\nFurthermore, the heightened risk of bacterial contamination associated with raw diets for dogs underscores the importance of exercising caution when handling and serving raw meat-based diets. The potential transmission of pathogenic bacteria from raw diets to humans emphasizes the broader public health concerns associated with this dietary approach, necessitating stringent food safety measures and meticulous hygiene practices.\nThe potential for digestive issues in dogs transitioning to a raw diet underscores the need for gradual dietary acclimatization and expert guidance. The abrupt shift from commercial pet foods to raw diets can disrupt the delicate balance of the canine digestive system, leading to a spectrum of gastrointestinal challenges that detract from the dogs' overall health and vitality.\nMoreover, the increased risk of choking or intestinal blockages associated with raw diets for dogs necessitates a proactive and informed approach to safeguarding the digestive health of canine companions. Vigilant supervision and strategic feeding practices are crucial in mitigating the risks of choking incidents or intestinal blockages, prioritizing the safety and well-being of dogs.\nIn essence, while the idea of a raw diet for dogs may evoke images of vitality and robust health, it is imperative for pet owners to approach this dietary approach with a balanced perspective, weighing the potential benefits against the inherent risks. By critically evaluating the implications of raw feeding, pet owners can make informed decisions regarding their canine companions' dietary needs, prioritizing their long-term health and vitality.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Water Filters Vs. Water Purifiers: What Is The Basic Difference?\nWater is a basic necessity, and safe drinking water should be available in every household. The quality of tap water we receive can vary a lot depending on the source and location. So, for clean potable water, it is important to use some form of filtration or purification system. Until recently, there were no major differences between these two systems, but they have become more specialized. The water filter and water purifier work the same, but there is a slight difference between them.\nIf you’re trying to decide between a filter and a purifier, it’s important to understand their subtle differences. This article will discuss what sets them apart and provide information about which product may better suit your needs.\nTable of Contents\nWhat is Water Filter?\nA water filter is a device that filters out impurities from water by trapping them in a porous material. The most common type of water filter is a carbon-based filter, which uses activated carbon to trap contaminants in the water. This filter can remove sediment, chlorine, lead, and other contaminants from the tap or well water. Other types of water filters include reverse osmosis systems, which use a membrane to filter out contaminants, and ultraviolet filters, which use UV light to kill bacteria.\nWhat is Water Purifier?\nA water purifier is a device that removes impurities from drinking water. It works by using two different purification methods: reverse osmosis and distillation. Reverse osmosis works by forcing all water particles through a very small semi-permeable membrane, which screens out any particles that are too big to follow the pathway of the water. Distillation involves boiling the water and capturing the steam, which separates any contaminants or minerals in the process.\nWater purifiers are important for ensuring safe drinking water, as they can remove biological contaminants and minerals from the water supply. This makes them more effective than traditional filters, which only remove physical impurities such as dirt and sediment. Water purifiers also help reduce health risks associated with consuming contaminated drinking water, making them an invaluable resource for households and businesses.\nThe Difference Between Water Filters and Water Purifiers\nWater filtration and purification are two different processes that can be used to ensure the safety of your drinking water. Water filters remove contaminants from the water, such as chlorine, lead, and other chemicals. This process does not remove all contaminants, however, so it is important to use a filter that is certified by NSF International or another reputable organization.\nOn the other hand, water purification systems use reverse osmosis technology to remove all contaminants from the water. This process also removes beneficial minerals from the water, so finding a system that includes a remineralize to replace these minerals is important.\nAquasana offers a variety of filtration and purification systems for both home and commercial use. Their multi-process filtration systems remove negative contaminants while leaving in healthy minerals your body needs.\nFor those looking for a more comprehensive solution, their reverse osmosis system uses NSF-certified Claryum® filtration technology along with a remineralized so you can drink with peace of mind. Aquasana also offers whole house, shower, countertop and under-sink filters that reduce bad elements while leaving in beneficial minerals.\nHow to Decide Which One to Use?\nWater purifiers are designed to remove all contaminants from drinking water, including viruses and bacteria. This is done through reverse osmosis, which uses a semi-permeable membrane to filter out impurities.\nReverse osmosis systems can also reduce the number of dissolved solids in water, such as salt and minerals. Water purifiers are often used in areas where the water supply is not safe to drink, such as developing countries or areas with poor water quality.\nWhen deciding between a water filter and a water purifier, it is important to consider the quality of your water supply. If you have access to clean tap or well water, then a filter may be sufficient for your needs.\nHowever, if you live in an area with poor water quality or are concerned about viruses and bacteria, then a purifier may be the better option. Additionally, it is important to choose a system certified by NSF International or another reputable organization to ensure the highest quality of filtration.\nFrequently Asked Questions [FAQs]\n1. Do water filters actually purify water?\nNo. Water filters, water treatment systems are not 100% effective in removing all contaminants from water. This is because water treatment systems only remove certain contaminants and do not remove them all. Also, water treatment systems have a limited lifespan and must be replaced after a certain time.\n2. What do water filters not remove?\nWater filters are commonly used to remove contaminants and impurities from water. However, there are some contaminants that water filters don’t remove. For example, chlorine removes a musty odor and kills microorganisms and bacteria. Unfortunately, water filters also do not remove bacteria, harming people.\n3. What type of water purifier is best?\nReverse osmosis water purifiers are best to purify the water. To make the water safe for consumption and to remove contaminants, the RO system uses a semi-permeable membrane to filter the water from various pollutants like viruses, chemicals, heavy metals, hormones, etc., to purify the water. Due to the high pressure and special membrane, the reverse osmosis system eliminates all the pollutants from the water.\n4. Are drinking water filters worth it?\nYes. There are many ways in which a water filter can provide you with health benefits. A filter works like your immune system. It purifies the harmful toxins and bacteria from your water before you drink it. This results in many benefits, like killing the germs that cause diseases.\nIs boiled water the same as filtered water?\nIt is not true that boiled water is the same as filtered water. Boiled water is boiled water. You forgot to add one important factor left behind in the boiling process, i.e., impurities. While with a water filter, you not only boil the water but also make it free from harmful germs. According to scientists, boiled water does not provide the full benefit of water as filtered water does.\nThere is a difference between filters and purifiers, for sure. Filters can treat all kinds of water, while purifiers are more selective in removing contaminants. If you want to use only one option, use a purifier instead of a filter. But if your budget allows you both options, it’s better to opt for purifiers as they work faster than filters with larger capacity and can also be used regularly. Regarding health issues such as allergies or diarrhoea, it’s also essential to keep an eye on the quality of the purified water you use at home.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How Many Ounces Is My Water Bottle? | Advice\nWater is essential for human survival, and it’s no surprise that water bottles are a common sight worldwide. They come in all shapes and sizes, making them easy to carry and drink. But how many ounces are in a typical water bottle? Does size even matter?\nThis article will answer this question and more. The standard water bottle holds 16.9 ounces of liquid, equivalent to 500 milliliters or 0.5 liters.\nHowever, there is some variation depending on the shape and size of the bottle, with some ranging higher than 20 ounces while others are smaller than 10 ounces. With this knowledge, you can now make an informed decision when deciding what type of water bottle is best suited for your needs.\nTable of Contents\nHow Many Ounces is My Water Bottle?\nThe answer you’ve been thirsty for: 16.9 ounces is the magic number for water bottle size. But wait, there’s more. Have you heard of “single-serve”? It means one serving equals the amount of liquid in the container. And guess what? A water bottle is usually a single-serve size, aka around 500ml. Stay hydrated, my friend.\nNow, let’s analyze what we currently have.\n- It is a known fact that one liter is equivalent to 33.814 ounces.\n- The standard size for a water bottle is 500ml.\n- The water bottle contains 16.9 ounces.\nHowever, the amount may vary with the bottle size. Let’s break through all of that:\nThe number of ounces in a plastic water bottle can vary greatly depending on its size and the manufacturer. For most water bottles, you will usually find ones with 16-ounce, 24-ounce, or 32-ounce sizes.\nIf you’re looking to get one for mealtime, a 16-ounce bottle of water is equivalent to two cups of fluid; therefore, four cups is ideal for someone wanting to drink water with their food. To ensure that your plastic container holds the desired amount of water, check the label on the bottle.\nA bottle of wine typically measures 750ml in size and is labeled as such on its bottle. This measurement translates to 25.36 ounces, meaning that a bottle of wine contains 25.36 ounces of liquid. To determine this measurement, it can be useful to remember that one liter counts for 33.814 ounces, meaning that a bottle of wine which is 750 milliliters, would equate to 25.36 ounces.\nA Poland Spring water bottle is a great way to stay hydrated throughout the day. The standard Poland Spring water bottle is 20 ounces, making it an ideal size for carrying with you on the go. These bottles can be found in many stores and offices, demonstrating their popularity. Not only are these bottles convenient for when you’re on the go, but they contain vital hydration that your body needs to maintain good health.\nFiji Water is a naturally filtered spring water that has become popular worldwide. The brand offers 500mL (16.9oz) bottles of pure water for individual servings. This size bottle is perfect for sipping on during workouts, long walks, or simply rehydrating your body.\nHow Much Water to Drink a Day?\nDrinking the recommended amount of water each day is essential for keeping us hydrated and our bodies functioning properly. The water required to keep your body healthy varies depending on age, size, and activity level. At CHOC (Children’s Hospital Of Orange County), they recommend that children drink the amounts of water below according to their age.\nIt is important to note that children should drink the number of 8-ounce cups of water equal to their age, with a minimum of 64 ounces for children over eight years old. For an eight-year-old, that equates to 16 ounces or two 8-ounce cups; for a ten-year-old, 20 ounces or two and a half cups, etc. These amounts do not include other beverages they may consume daily, such as milk and juice, which should always be served in moderation as part of a balanced diet.\nStaying properly hydrated can help prevent dehydration, boost energy levels and help digestion, so it’s important to set an example for your kids by drinking plenty of fluids yourself.\nWhat are Common Water Bottle Sizes?\nWater bottles come in various sizes, making finding one that suits your hydration needs easier. Common water bottle sizes are typically 8 ounces/ 236 milliliters, 16 ounces/ 473 milliliters, 24 ounces/ 710 milliliters, or 32 ounces/ 946 milliliters.\nSome water bottles also come with removable infuser baskets so you can add different flavors of fruit or tea to your water. For larger amounts of water, you can purchase jugs of water in 1-gallon/ 128 ounces/3785-milliliter sizes.\nHaving the right-sized water bottle can make hydration easier and more manageable, allowing you to tailor the liquid you consume throughout the day. Depending on activity level and lifestyle factors such as climate, 8-ounce/236-milliliter bottles may be suitable for one person and not for another, whereas 32-ounce/946-milliliter containers may suit particular scenarios better than others.\nAdditionally, for people who do not like the taste of plain water, the choice to customize flavors using an infuser basket makes drinking plenty of water even more enjoyable.\nFrequently Asked Questions [FAQs]\n1. How many ounces is a liter of a water bottle?\nA liter of water is equal to 33.814 fluid ounces. This means that a standard 1-liter water bottle contains 33.814 ounces of liquid. However, the bottle’s water may vary slightly depending on its size and shape. For example, a wide-mouth bottle may contain more than a narrow-mouthed bottle. Additionally, if the bottle has a handle, the water it can contain may be less than it would hold without one.\n2. How many ounces is a 16.9-ounce water bottle?\nA 16.9-ounce water bottle contains 16.9 fluid ounces of liquid, equivalent to 500 milliliters or just over 0.5 liters. This size bottle is great for carrying around during workouts or long walks and is the standard size most companies use when selling individual servings of spring water.\n3. What is the Benefit of Drinking Water?\nThe benefits of drinking water are numerous and should not be overlooked. Adequate hydration can improve overall health, resulting in better cognitive performance and increased physical endurance. Additionally, water helps to flush toxins from our bodies and can even help regulate body temperature by keeping us cool on hot days or warm on cold nights. With so many positive effects, it’s no wonder that experts recommend drinking at least 64 ounces of water each day.\n4. Is a 40 oz water bottle enough?\nWhen it comes to how much water you should drink per day, it all depends on your individual needs. Generally, the recommended amount is 8–12 cups (approximately 64-96 oz) of daily fluids for adults. However, if you are physically active or live in a hot climate, you might need more than that.\n5. How many ounces is a 2-liter bottle?\nA 2-liter bottle is equivalent to 67.6 ounces or 1.9 liters. This is the standard size for most store-bought water bottles, and it can be used to measure liquid servings in other quantities, such as milliliters and cups. When measuring liquids, it’s important to use a container with clearly marked measurements to know exactly how much liquid you’re consuming.\nWater bottles come in a variety of sizes. Common sizes include 8 ounces/ 236 milliliters, 16 ounces/ 473 milliliters, 24 ounces/ 710 milliliters, 32 ounces/ 946 milliliters and larger jugs of 1-gallon/ 128 ounces/3785-milliliter sizes. Depending on your lifestyle needs, you can choose the right size. Additionally, water bottles with removable infuser baskets may be bought to customize your water with flavors.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The dictionary defines an accident as an “unfortunate mishap that happens unintentionally which outcome can cause injury, harm, loss, and damage to lives and properties.” Honestly speaking, common accidents are really not accidents at all because most of them can be prevented and mitigated. One of the major causes of accidents in the United States today is distracted driving. A leading cause of such events is texting or using Smartphones or other types of mobile devices while driving. The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) has surmised that this involves the use of visual, manual, and cognitive attention, thereby decreasing the degree of concentration necessary while on the road with driving boom truck.\nIt is very well-known that texting while driving causes more injuries and fatalities as it can take an operator’s eyes off the road and cause a delayed reaction time. Even though this is the primary reason accidents occur, there are still other causes that must be avoided. Following is a list of some additional distractions.\n- Conversations – Talking with a co-worker while on the road.\n- Eating – Trying to eat a meal while driving.\n- Reading – Reading maps or looking on the GPS system.\n- Reaching – Reaching for moving objects inside the cab.\n- Looking Around – Looking out the window to see an accident, construction work, scenic view, street names and addresses.\n- Media – Watching videos, adjusting the radio, mp3 player, or CD player.\nDOT research shows that in 2010 there were 3,092 individuals killed and another 416,000 injured in vehicular accidents involving distracted operators. Those who use mobile phones are four times more likely to be involved in a serious accident. The Center for Disease Control has also recorded that cell phone usage and texting while driving are the two major distractions in both the United States and Europe.\nThere are three things that must be done to avoid distractions: staying focused, paying attention, and expecting the unexpected. Paying attention is difficult when driving; however, there are some simple tips that can help one to remain focused and avoid severe accidents as listed below.\n- No Mobile Devices – Refrain from using any type of handheld or mobile device. Turn them off if necessary.\n- No Eating – Try to avoid snacking or eating a meal while on the road. Pull over if necessary.\n- Take Breaks – Take a break at least every two hours when traveling long distances to prevent sleepiness and fatigue.\n- Help From Passengers – Request that co-workers or other passengers adjust the radio, mp3, CD player, and other kinds of internal devices.\n- Do Not Panic – Remain calm and relaxed. Do not make any sudden moves.\n- Drive Defensively – Be prepared, vigilant, and avoid driving when tired. Minimize talking with passengers. Always be watching for the unexpected.\n- Wear Seat Belts – Make sure to buckle-up for safety. Remember, seat belts are not only the law; they have saved many lives.\n- Proper Maintenance – Ensure that the vehicle is properly inspected and maintained before heading out on the road.\n- Follow Safety Laws – Obey all traffic rules and regulations in order to ensure a safe journey.\nThere are many reasons why accidents happen on the road; however, most of them can be avoided if operators are vigilant and stay focused while behind the wheel of a commercial heavy-duty vehicle. There are many distractions that can grab the attention of a driver; however, everything is simply a matter of behavior modification and self-discipline in order to mitigate a negative outcome.\nTherefore, it is highly recommended that operators always stay focused, pay attention to the road, concentrate on the steering wheel, be properly educated about safety precautions, and never become distracted while driving, especially when handling specialized equipment like a boom truck!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Back | Next\nARTICLES > RELEVANCE OF GANDHI > Service to Humanity\nService to Humanity\nBy Balamurali Balaji\nHumanity is not about maintaining a gracious relationship between one another in the society but it is about building a bond amongst the society with the help of a sustainable values. Humanity is not about showing passion and empathy to each other at times of need but about regarding love in high esteem and kindness in all walks of life. Humanity is not just a word for symbolizing the human compassion and civilization but it goes beyond the horizons of human nature and his creations. It is all about using hearts along with the minds in all the endeavours of human kind.\nHuman kind has come a long way in learning the ways of building relations and creating civilizations in order to inhabit this world with livelihood full of love and harmony. Every human has a part in doing this great task of taking ahead the human race to a dignified and noble place on this planet. And this is where we all have to be proud of ourselves and pass this message on to the future generations.\nHumanity, in general, is perceived as a charity. As the old saying goes, it begins at home. It spreads across the roads we travel, places we dwell, and people we meet. Humanity, not as many criticise, is scarce today. It is very much available in plenty. In fact, it has grown and evolved much better than centuries ago. From the individualistic aspect to a social, or even in a much larger perspective, humanity has thrived well in embracing and supporting the human race in many different forms. Nevertheless, more and more people are still out there who are not that fortunate to live the humanity in its central point of its existence; they are out there to seek the rays of hope and love and brace the traces of passion and kindness.\nIn Young India (1924) Gandhiji wrote, “I want to identify myself with everything that lives.” He had an incredible experience with the people, their lives not only in India but across South Africa and England as well. He believed that the salvation of his life is through serving the nation and people whom he loved beyond anything else in the world. His communication and connection with the people was so splendid that the whole world could visualize in him the love and care revealed by Jesus Christ and Buddha. The rich or poor, literate or educated, Indian or a foreigner, Gandhiji did the service to all and his principles stand even today as a bond connecting people belonging to various communities, nations and races. He remains dispelled every where around the world as the tallest symbol of humanity.\nToday’s’ world, when we look at it in a social point of view, is full of greed, commotion, distress and distrust. Besides becoming more civilized and learning about the intricacies of human race and development, we humans are mired by the new wave of modernization and outcomes of transformation due to technology innovations and cultural incursions. As a result, we are preoccupied with our television, mobile phones, computers, etc., spending less time with the fellow humans. Our direct interactions with our children, neighbours, and friends are taken away by this massive modern hi-tech living style. We do realise many times a day the importance of humanity, love and kindness to other living beings but could not divulge them directly upon any one. We keep humanity in high regard in principle but have no time to give it a meaning in our own life. We do not expend even a little time, a few seconds in the service of humanity, in the form of prayers or meditation or by any deeds. Throughout his life, Gandhiji was a humble servant of India and humanity.\n“I believe in absolute oneness of God and, therefore, also of humanity. What though we have many bodies? We have but one soul. The rays of the sun are many through refraction. But they have the same source. It comprehends the whole of humanity. Its realization would thus mean the establishment of the Kingdom of Heaven on earth.”\nAll humans are one and only one, regardless of caste, creed, religion and race. This oneness would bring the world full of peace and harmony. The future of humanity lies in this oneness. As we narrow down the differences amongst us, broader the outlook on humanity arises; out of which the whole human race can live unto peace. For centuries, the world was gripped with the evils of untouchability, religious conflicts and the affluent’s dominance over the poor. In battling against the untouchability, Gandhiji had a vision of no less than a complete regeneration of humanity. His ideology of non-violence itself is the mirror of humanity. In Harijan dated 20-7-1935, he wrote “Every murder or other injury, no matter for what cause, committed or inflicted on another is a crime against humanity.”\nGandhiji always held the service in high regard and in his own words, “I am endeavouring to see God through service of humanity; for I know that God is neither in heaven, nor down below, but in everyone.” Service to humanity has taken many forms in today’s society. From individuals to self-interested groups, small charity organizations to a larger corporate houses, private entities to non-governmental organizations, humanity has been served with a wide range of services that include education, food, health measures, housing, accessibility assistance to the physically challenged, re-orientation programmes to the socially excluded, mentally challenged and victimized people from all sects of the society. People nowadays get more access, than yesteryears’, to the schemes and plans meant for the deprived and under-privileged.\nOne shall have the courage to face the hard-times in life. Human kind, right from its birth, always try hard to survive doing all sorts of work. There is no divide between the poor and the rich in doing the hard work. The rich works hard to become richer; poor works hard to earn his days’ bread. By whatever means we divide the humanity based on caste, creed, religion or colour, the hardship remains the same. But, social inequalities often tend to instil a divide among the people even in sharing the hardships. An ailing man may perhaps be seen as a social iniquity or a starving child may well be seen as a social illness. Our views on the society draw a major attention in today’s world. A sect or a group shall not be neglected for any grounds that thrash them down to pitiable conditions. Overlooking on any such issue would be a social disharmony and disorder. Every human born on this planet do have all the rights what he ought to have. The dignity of the human kind lies in equality and justice for all. As Gandhiji put it “Dignity of human nature requires that we must face the storms of life.”\nAs the life is getting hard day by day, it is natural for any human to disregard the needy impoverished; it is natural for us to go with the business of the world everyday, not giving enough to the deprived; it is natural for us to forget the fact that it is our obligation to help the destitute. Very rarely we turn to what the others do or want. As we focus more and more on our self, the social tensions and imbalance arouse and lastly the peace is getting disturbed. We must remember Gandhiji’s words, “Not to believe in the possibility of permanent peace is to disbelieve in the godliness of human nature. “ We shall have to see god within ourselves and strive to believe others too in our selves. When we see everyone as a single embodiment of the God, peace would emerge within us; slowly, we would realize that such calmness getting inducted in our surroundings as well. And, thus could the whole society see the all within it in unison.\nNeedless to say how religious harmony takes an essential place in the nations’ peaceful conditions. Had we look in to the colour, race and religious sentiments of each and every person we meet every day, our living conditions would have worsened to an unbelievable amounts. Differences among ourselves had hurt us in the past. Divisiveness had cost us social inequality and economic disparity. It was only during the rigorous freedom struggle led by Gandhiji and the leaders like Nehru, Patel, Netaji, had we realized the need for oneness. Not only the nation’s liberty and integrity commanded the oneness. The whole of humanity lies in the oneness of all and the oneness of every caste, creed, religion and culture. While leading the freedom movement for India, Gandhiji had to face so many social evils such as Casteism, Atheism, Untouchability, Hindu-Muslim conflicts, Sati etc. that endanger the very existence of humanity. He was determined to forbid all these barriers and led the country to freedom. He was persistent in his ideology of oneness and service to humanity as a whole. “I can neither serve God nor humanity if as an Indian I do not serve India, and as a Hindu I do not serve Indian Muslims.” On this particular issue of conversion from one religion to another, he was very much ardent in maintaining humanity and its real spirit. At one time, he said, “I hold that proselytizing (religious conversions) under the cover of humanitarian work is, to say the least, unhealthy.”\n“What… does Jesus mean to me? To me, He was one of the greatest teachers humanity has ever had.” These words from Gandhiji were not just for soliciting votes from various religious sects. They do not mean that he was propping up for the British rulers either. But, they signify the true purpose of the birth of Jesus who left (?) the world with the message of love and brotherhood. His life was a perfect example for how humanity has both the lighter and darker sides through which the whole of humanity and its nature can be adjudicated.\nThus, the service to humanity results in the oneness. It brings hope and life to the downtrodden and the disheartened. When peace and harmony becomes the main cause of every kind of service rendered to the nation and its people, it becomes the service to God. When an orphan gets a cuddling hand to light their life, it becomes a Godly gesture. When a deprived lives blissfully along with the rest of the humanity, it is the kingdom of God.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Listening in noise: what can ability to memorise tones tell us about hearing impaired listeners?\nCurrently, hearing aids are adjusted on the basis of pure tone audiometry. In other words, we are trying to infer an individual’s communication difficulties in every day situations, based on their ability to hear a few barely audible static pure tones. In reality, the nature of living organisms is such that reactions to dynamic changes in sensory inputs are often more important than reactions to static inputs. We are living, breathing change detectors. Tracking changes in the environment requires attention and memory, both of which enable the comparison of past and present events. This is particularly true in noisy environments.\nWe have been investigating the relationship between auditory attention, memory and every day listening skills in normal hearing (n = 139, mean age = 64.0 years) and hearing impaired (n = 199, mean age = 66.6 years) listeners. In developing a task that relates attention and short term memory, we combined a recognition memory for pitch task (Deutsch, 1972) and a dynamic attending task (Jones et al., 2002). The resulting memory for tones task consists of auditory rhythmic sequences of low frequency tones (a same–different judgment of a standard and a target tone, separated by a series of six intervening distracting tones). Subjective listening skills were assessed using the short form of Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (Gatehouse and Noble, 2004; Noble et al. 2013), and questions assessing an individual’s distractibility in noisy environments.\nWe have found significant correlations between the outcomes of the tone-memorisation task and self-assessed communication difficulties in noise, as well as auditory distractibility, in both normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners. Future research will further assess the ability of this task to provide a link between listening skills, individual performance and preference for different hearing aid settings.\nWarning: Use of undefined constant s - assumed 's' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /home/spinnluxnr/www/2017/pages/programme.php on line 208", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The article discusses the relevance of family as the foundation of well being for Samoan and Tongan elders. Negotiating dual identities (Samoan American or Tongan American) can be challenging, particularly when contexts of each identity are at odds with one another. This study indicated relevant findings that underscored the role and responsibility of Samoan and Tongan elders in transmitting cultural ways of knowing and doing to current and future generations. The role of families then becomes all the more important as they are key to supporting the health and wellbeing of their elders.\nKey Take Away Points\n- The importance of families in Samoan and Tongan cultures as they contribute to the well being of their elders.\n- Families as a core structure in the Samoan and Tongan ways of life.\n- Aspects of the family and community systems can serve as protective or risk factors to their members.\n- Elders in the Samoan and Tongan cultures serve as holders of knowledge in their respective cultural customs, traditions, values, and language that are necessary to preserve indigenous cultures for current and future generations.\nDr. Godinet is currently an Associate Professor with the Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work at the University of Hawaii. She has been a principal investigator of numerous research projects that focused on the impact of various systems and institutions on Pacific Islander adolescents and their families. Her scholarship include issues of disproportionality and overrepresentation of Pacific Islanders in the juvenile justice and child welfare systems; risk and protective factors involving juvenile delinquency among Pacific Islander adolescents; and contributions to the advancement of cross cultural resonance in social work practice.\nGodinet, Meripa T.\n\"Commentary on \"Family Roots: Sustenance for Samoan and Tongan American Elders\",\"\nJournal of Family Strengths: Vol. 13\n, Article 10.\nAvailable at: http://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/jfs/vol13/iss1/10\nA Response To:\nHalaevalu F.O. Vakalahi, Emily S. Ihara, and Moana P. Hafoka, Family Roots: Sustenance for Samoan and Tongan American Elders", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Spanish essay example cuba\nFactors leading to the spanish american war yellow essay on us american wars cuba and the united states of as a disloyal army for example. Can someone proofread my 200 word spanish essay and offer any corrections i'm not too worried about content, but i need to make sure i used the right verb forms and. This essay the spanish american war and other 63,000+ term papers, college essay examples and free essays are nationalists in cuba had been resisting spanish rule. Known for its beauty extravagant tourist’s attractions the caribbean island of cuba let us write you a custom essay sample on spanish countries essay. Spanish-american war: paper b the explosion of the uss maine caused the united states to invade cuba in 1898 in the essay above. Spanish-american war: paper a the explosion of the uss maine caused the united states to invade cuba in 1898 in the essay excerpt above.\nFree cuba papers, essays the success and riches obtained by cuba as a spanish colony would have been unthinkable are examples of factors that have. As a result, the impact of indigenous groups was limited, and spanish culture conquered for a short period after show more cuba and embargo essay example. Spanish – philippine – american war usa essay example the us felt it had to help cuba gain independence from the spanish oppressors who were. Spanish studies abroad has awarded over $230,000 in scholarships since 2001 we offer two scholarship options for students attending our regular academic programs in.\nOpen document below is an essay on cuba history and culture from anti essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples. Quizlet provides spanish essay future activities, flashcards and games start learning today for free. Sample essay words 812 “to what “to what extent was the spanish-american war one of the most unnecessary wars ever although american forces occupied cuba. Sugarcane was the most important part of the economy in cuba's history by spanish , french, african essays more history essays history dissertation examples.\nThe spanish-american war by david trask between 1895 and 1898 cuba and the philippine islands revolted against spain the cubans gained independence, but the. An spanish american war history essay print this is not an example of the work the public opinion of america was grown at reports of spanish atrocities in cuba.\nUs intervention in cuba, 1898: interpreting the spanish-american-cuban-filipino war movement in the 1880s, for example, sought to rally latin america. Business letter format example in spanish exmple a particular format when example essays introduction, main body and conclusion including me, i also business. Ap® spanish language and culture exam 2015 scoring guidelines identical to scoring guidelines used for french, german, and italian language and culture exams.\nSpanish essay example cuba\nWe will write a custom essay sample on any topic specificallyfor many people in the united states were irritated that the spanish flag continued to wing in cuba. Essays - largest database of quality sample essays and research papers on cuban culture cuban culture essays and research papers cuba was a spanish colony. Spanish translation of “essay” | the official collins english-spanish dictionary online over 100,000 spanish translations of english words and phrases.\nThe cuban revolution essay cuba’s separation from spanish rule in these statements provide examples of american influence within cuba and reasons for the. The spanish-american war lasted only about ten weeks in 1898 cuba had unsuccessfully battled spain for for example, new york newspapers blamed spain. Start studying useful phrases for spanish essays learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This free history essay on essay: the spanish american war is perfect for history students to use as an example committed by the spanish in cuba by. Free essay on cuba and us relations available totally free at echeatcom, the largest free essay community.\nThe culture of cuba is a complex mixture of different one example of traditional cuban cuisine photo essay about cuba in 2008 in the walrus. It is for this reason that the more significant roots in the cuban nationality are spanish and african cuba civil rights essay examples. I've studied the history of cuba in the 20th century for this section and having looked at aqa a2 spanish- culture essays watch for example the asturias. The spanish-american war essay examples - during the months in the it was hearst who dubbed the spanish general in cuba “butcher weyler” for the atrocities.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Plants are amazing living organisms that inhabit our planet. They have definitive life cycles which occur in stages just like many other living organisms. Understanding these stages can help any grower have a better control over their crops. So, what are these stages of the plant life cycle you may be asking? Well, they begin and end with the seed. If we start with the seed first we move into the germination process next. After germination is the growth stage of a plants life. After the growth stage the reproductive phase begins. This phase house the last stages of a plants life cycle. It includes the transition “morning sickness” stage, bloom/flower stage, pollination and lastly spreading seed restarting the life cycle all over again.\nIt begins with the seed where all the information is held for survival. The seed germinates and begins growing the plant, a seedling. As the seedling grows it enters the growth phase. This phase entails the plant growing roots, stems, leaves, new shoots. As the plant matures it will start to begin it’s reproductive phase. The transition has begun. The plant will be growing flower sites and flowers. Once flowers are established the plant blooms. With the bloom stage in full affect, flowers are open and ready for pollination. Pollen has blown in the breeze or collected on a bee and is taken by the flower. Now the flower has been pollinated it is set to produce a seed. As the flower withers it focuses energy on seed production. The seeds grow and ripen over the end of the life cycle. The plant itself now withers and dies. But not before dropping it’s mature seeds onto the ground. Here, the seeds lay in wait to start the plant life cycle all over again.\nSo you can see that there are some distinct stages the plant goes thru as it grows and reaches maturity. Understanding these stages and how they relate to the plant can help a grower produce larger, healthier, tastier crops as well as insuring quality seed for future production.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Both people and animals struggle with water shortages. Fire-stricken Australia is on the verge of a humanitarian crisis\nAustralia suffers from huge fires since June, 2019.\nAn expert on climate change says that the main cause is the combination of record temperatures and record drought. This catastrophe results in more than 12 million acres of land scorched and in ongoing humanitarian crisis.\nLack of everything\nThe impact of the continuously deteriorating situation is that Australia currently finds itself on the verge of a humanitarian crisis. The Australians stuck in the affected areas do not have access to medical attention while food and fuel supplies are running short. In such a situation, water is the most fundamental need.\nThe Daily Mail recently informed that the fire damaged and most likely contaminated water reservoirs in the town of Mallacoota on the east coast. There are fears that water supplies in New South Wales (NSW) have also become contaminated.\nA special warning has been issued for areas with water of purity below 100% and lost disinfection infrastructure, among others Quaama, Cobargo, Akolele and Fairhaven, The citizens are advised to boil the water before consumption.\nSydney, surrounded by flames, also faces water problems. “In recent days up to the cool change, the fires had been a potential threat to supply and assets, particularly in Warragamba dam and in the Blue Mountains,” a spokesman for the WaterNSW, state's water authority, told Reuters. WaterNSW supplies water to the state’s water utilities which then treat and clean the water to provide drinking water to regional cities and towns.\nThe above mentioned Warragamba is one of 40 dams under WaterNSW’s management, providing water up to 80% of Sydney’s residents (i.e. four million people). Warragamba dam catches water from the surrounding mountains.\nWarragamba’s water level currently dropped to 45% of its total volume.\nIt is rather disturbing that Warragamba dam has currently dipped to less than 45% of its total capacity. The cause is the same as with the bushfire. The extreme drought.\nWhat's even worse, the ash and burnt material could pose a threat to the quality of water if spread into the dam. WaterNSW has put special containment barriers to avoid such a situation.\nThe eucalypt forest is the typical habitat for koalas that feed upon and drink from the eucalyptus leaves. The rising temperature, however, deteriorates the trees and the leaves are much lower in nutrition as before.\nThe continuing fires also do not help the situation as the animals are put in catastrophic conditions. Koalas are no longer so shy and normally drink water from pools.\nYou might have seen the video with Anna Heusler cycling near Adelaide when she bumped into a thirsty koala. \"We stopped the bikes to help the koala get off the road otherwise they get hit by cars. But the koala walked up to me very quickly, he was obviously very thirsty,\" Heusler told CNN. Then, the koala drank all the water from her bottle.\nThis viral video makes a strong statement about Australia's crisis. Not only because it draws attention to the suffering animals. About 480 millions of animals, including koalas, kangaroos and birds, have been killed by the fires so far. The video indirectly warns about climate change and its impact, which is estimated to grow and will later affect other parts of the Earth as well.\nSituation is alarming\nLast year's spring was the Australia’s driest season in the last 120 years. The following summer was as extreme as the spring and brought record temperatures. As a result, the water reservoirs dried out, leaving households with no running water.\nThe rivers are also in a devastated state. Massive water level decrease was recorded near Murray, Australia’s longest river, and Macquaire in NSW. There are concerns that the Lachlan River could dry out in the future ahead. These changes affect the farmers from the villages and Aboriginals with settlements in areas suffering from water shortages the most.\nIn order to have a bigger picture on the alarming situation in Australia, imagine your facet stops working and water will be rationed. In countries at risk, such a state is called “Day Zero”. It is when the water will go dry and some households will no longer have access to running water.\nSo-called Day Zero is also a warning for the rest of the population to realize that washing the car or watering the lawn is not the No. 1 priority under current terms.\nHydrotech has again confirmed its qualities in Russia where we succeeded in being awarded a project which includes execution of the WWTP for a...\nContainer-sized wastewater treatment plant: Smart solution for treatment of small volumes of wastewater\nRead about which wastewater treatment options are currently available for small businesses.\nThe United Nations want to keep water for future generations. How do they prevent a deepening water crisis?\nDuring the celebration of this year's International Day of Water, the United Nations launched an initiative that will last for a decade.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The velocity of sound is a vector u whose magnitude |u| is the speed of sound u and whose direction is normal to the surface of constant phase. The speed of sound is a property of the medium through which the sound travels and is therefore usually of more interest than the velocity itself which depends upon both u and the manner in which the sound is generated.\nIn discussing the relation between u and the properties of the medium is it useful to distinguish between homogeneous fluids and solids. In the former, the speed of sound is the same in all directions whereas, in the latter, this is not necessarily the case.\nIn a perfectly elastic (nondissipative) fluid the speed of sound is given for small-amplitude sound waves by\nwhere p is pressure, ρ density, cp specific heat at constant pressure, S entropy and κS is the isentropic compressibility. Consequently, u may be determined from the thermodynamic Equation of State of the fluid or, conversely, information about the equation of state may be deduced from the u2(T, p) [see Trusler (1991)]. For the special case of the Perfect Gas, for which ρ = Mp/RT, the speed of sound is given by\nwhere M is the molar mass and γpg is the heat-capacity ratio for the perfect gas. Thus the speed of sound in a perfect gas is proportional to but independent of pressure. All real gases approach this behavior at sufficiently low pressures, but generally u(T, p)/ is a slowly varying function of both T and p. Some examples of u(T, p → 0) for gases at T = 300 K are: 4He, 1019 m/s; CH4, 451 m/s; N2, 352 m/s; air 348 m/s; and n-butane, 194 m/s [Kaye and Laby 1986].\nFor the saturated vapor of a pure substance, u at first increases with temperature and, after passing through a maximum, it then declines to zero at the gas-liquid critical point. The speed of sound in the pure saturated liquid is always greater than that in the coexisting vapor. For normal saturated liquids, u declines steadily from its value at the triple point to zero at the liquid-gas critical point. Since the speed of sound in liquids varies only slowly with pressure, u generally declines also with increasing temperature along an isobar. Liquid water is exceptional in this respect as (∂u/∂T)p < 0 at atmospheric pressure between 0 and 74 °C. Some examples of speeds of sound in liquids at atmospheric pressure and T = 300 K are: perfluorohexane, 505 m/s; CCl4, 915 m/s; methanol, 1097 m/s; ethanol, 1139 m/s; cyclohexane, 1244 m/s; toluene, 1298 m/s; mercury, 1448 m/s; water, 1500.7 m/s; and sea water (3.5 mass% salinity), 1537.9 m/s [Kaye and Laby (1986)].\nAll fluids exhibit some absorption of sound at all frequencies. For most fluids there exists a wide range of frequencies from zero upwards in which both the dissipation is slight and Equation (1) is obeyed with great accuracy. For monatomic fluids, this situation persists up to frequencies approaching the molecular collision frequency. However, various relaxation mechanisms exist in molecular fluids which, in certain frequencies ranges, give rise to greatly increased absorption and to dispersion (i.e., frequency dependence of u). For gases, these relaxation mechanisms are usually associated with the vibrational and rotational modes of the molecules. However, in liquids structural relaxation associated with the viscoelastic properties is possible. In all cases, Equation (1) is obeyed at sufficiently low frequencies.\nWhen sound waves are channelled along a fluid-filled waveguide (e.g., a tube) the apparent speed of sound is not identical with that observed in free space. Three characteristic sound speeds may be defined. The phase speed up is the speed at which points of constant phase propagate along the axis in a monofrequency wave. This is the only characteristic speed of importance for continuous waves although it will be frequency dependent if the medium is dispersive. When pulses of sound are transmitted through a waveguide, it is useful to define also the signal speed us as the speed at which the leading edge of the pulse propagates and the group speeds ug as the speed at which the center of the pulse propagates. In the absence of dispersion, all three speeds are identical but when up is a function of the angular frequency ω > they differ slightly and up < ug < us.\nThe speed of longitudinal sound waves in an infinite isotropic solid specimen is given by\nwhere B is the bulk modulus and G is the shear modulus [Kinsler and Frey 1982]. A shear wave is also possible with sound speed (G/ρ)1/2. In practice, the sample is not infinite and the observed longitudinal sound speed depends, though the boundary conditions, upon the lateral dimensions of the sample. For a bar with lateral dimensions small compared with the wavelength, free boundary conditions apply (the lateral stress components vanish) and\nwhere E = 3(1 − 2σ)B is Young's modulus. As the lateral dimensions increase, the effective boundary condition for a volume element in the sample approaches one of zero lateral strain and u approaches the bulk value. Sound speed measurements are the primary means of determining the elastic moduli of solids. For anisotropic solids (e.g., all crystals except simple cubic structures) the elastic constants and hence also the speed of sound are different along different directions.\nFor complex materials, such as porous media, laminates and other composites, the speed of sound is not usually given by a simple expression but may nevertheless provide valuable information about the structure.\nKinsler, L. E., Frey, A. R., Coppens, A. B. and Sanders, J. V. (1982) Fundamentals of Acoustics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York.\nTrusler, J. P. M. (1991) Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids, Adam Hilger, Bristol.\nKaye, G. W. C. and Laby, T. H. (1986) Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, 15th edn. Longman, Harlow.\n- Kinsler, L. E., Frey, A. R., Coppens, A. B. and Sanders, J. V. (1982) Fundamentals of Acoustics, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York.\n- Trusler, J. P. M. (1991) Physical Acoustics and Metrology of Fluids, Adam Hilger, Bristol.\n- Kaye, G. W. C. and Laby, T. H. (1986) Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, 15th edn. Longman, Harlow.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Places near Church\nΔΗΜΟΤΙΚΟ ΣΧΟΛΕΙΟ ΜΥΘΩΝ ΙΕΡΑΠΕΤΡΑΣ\nA village of chieftains, a large village, the seat of the former Municipality of Mournies, along with the villages Gdohia, Kato Pano Symi, Mythoi, Myrto, Riza, Parsas and Christos, which in 1881 numbered 2,213 residents along with the settlements Karydi and Minos.\nIt is a beautiful, historical, picturesque, traditional village with coffee houses, a square and a memorial for the fallen fighters, the old fountain, old narrow streets branching away of the village’s central road. It probably took its name from the mulberry tree (Mouria), although it is not abundant in the region.\nThe present settlement of Mournies perhaps does not give away its old glory, however during all the years of the revolts against the Turks it has been an important revolutionary and administrational center of the East Province of Viannos, of which it was a part until 1929, since the time of Captain Syggelis Hatzianagnostis or Symiakos, his son Emmanouil Hatzakis and his descendants, who were renowned as national fighters. The Hatzakis family, with their great financial power, armed and sustained guerilla corps and took part in most battles in the Eastern Crete. As they were personal friends with the national leader Eleftherios Venizelos, he often was their guest at their home in Mournies that had 24 rooms.\nThe village was burnt down during the German Occupation and paid the price of its struggles having 17 of its residents executed.\nThe now abandoned settlement of Pano Symi, in the north-west of the village, at an altitude of 900 m, on the borders with the Prefecture of Heraklion, belongs to the Local Department of Mournies, of the Municipality of Ierapetra. The largest village, the summer seat of the Municipality of Mournies, numbered 527 residents in 1583. It was a fortified position and a wonderful landscape. The hideout of revolutionaries, it was repeatedly burnt down by the Turks and was blown up to its foundations during the German Occupation. An aerie, wrecked houses, old churches; admiration and a mixture of happiness and sorrow, touring in the abandoned Pano Symi with the legend of the hidden treasure.\nThe village Mournies, in the north of Myrtos, at 25 km away from Ierapetra, at an altitude of 275 m, is built in an amphitheatric way in the south-east parts of the Lasithi mountains, with a beautiful view to the Libyan Sea and the plain of Ierapetra. Its climate is good, mild, without extremes, ideal for permanent inhabitation and for holidays. It is a semi-mountainous landscape without glasshouses, with olive groves that are sufficiently watered from drills. In 2001,\n83 residents were registered in the census. During the 60s it suffered, like all villages, from urbanization, emigration and during the 70s it obtained the elementary infrastructures. However, today, the residents of Mouries come back, renovate the houses of their ancestors, take care of their olive cultivations and revive their village. The village’s distinguished emigrants are the ambassadors of its history, its civilization and its tradition. The old manors, the picturesque churches, the coffee houses with the friendly and hospitable residents and visitors create a picturesque, traditional Cretan environment in Mournies of Ierapetra.\nDeep inside the valley of the river Sarantapihos is built the village Mythoi. It is 22 km away from Ierapetra, it is a small village, in a verdurous landscape, with a beautiful square under the shade of age-old planes. It is said that the village took its name from the plant “Minthi”, or mint, which is abundant there.\nHowever, it may have been named thus because of its many legends, traditions, and myths (mythoi), the most prevalent one being the Sarantapihos’ one. A mythical giant, forty ells tall, like another Talos or Akritas Digenis, he protected the residents from raids. There are the place names “Tou Sarantapihou i Patounia” (Sarantapihos’ footprint) and “Tou Sarantapihou to Mnima” (Sarantapihos’ grave).\nThere is evidence of ancient inhabitation at the site “Leniko” where traces of walls can be seen. Also, in an excavation, the head of a woman of the Roman period has been found. At the sites Kastelou Haraki and Orfanou to Spiliari clay pots, oil lamps, e.t.c. have been found. The site called Sarakina above Mythoi was a fortress, a hideout of Saracen pirates. The village’s modern history is rich in contributions to the struggles against the conquerors. It nurtured the chieftains Emmanouil Xenikakis, Ioannis Hatzakis, Emmanouil Christakis and others. During the German Occupation, residents of Mythoi took part in the guerilla corpses of the United Resistance of Captain Bantouvas. In the battle of Symi, one of the most heroic figures was lost, Apostolos Vagionakis, who stood up to the enemy’s bullets for the ideals of our unsubdued Crete. They paid the price of their participation to the struggles during the German Occupation, as 4 persons were executed, including the old and bedridden Nikolaos Ioannou Christakis.\nThe community of Mythoi is today a Local Department of the Municipality of Ierapetra, in 1900 it had 360 Christian residents, in 1951 it had 423 and in 2001 it had 287. In the north of Mythoi, around 6 km away, there is the settlement Karydi with the famous Monastery of Panagia (Our Lady) Karydiani and now abandoned summer residences. The mountainous settlement “Minos”, which is situated in a verdurous small plateau below the Afentis peak of the Lasithi mountains, also belongs to the Community of Mythoi.\nThe village Mythoi is a lively village with a rich social and cultural life. It has a cultural association, a football team and field, and a modern olive press. The village’s square with its old plane trees, the mulberry trees, the old fountain, the traditional coffee-houses with the raki and the local dishes, is a place of reference for the residents of Mythoi. The sights, the wild natural landscapes in the north of the village, the famous gorge of Sarakina, a monument of natural beauty, attract a lot of local and foreign visitors. The gorge of Sarakina is on of the most beautiful in Crete. Its steep, vertical sides cause awe, and reach a height of up to 250 m. Its widest opening is no more than 15 m while in some places it’s so narrow that its sides seem joined. Its rich flora and fauna, dittany, the wild birds that nest there and the route inside the gorge are breath-taking.\nIts promotion is a foremost goal of the Local Department and the Municipality of Ierapetra, of the residents of the village, who head to the future with optimism and anticipation for the development of their place.\nNorth of Myrtos in the road towards Mournies where Kryopotamos passes (on summertime it is a dry river) there is a bridge fitted with an inscription that says it was built in 1884. The bridge is made of stone and it consists of three big bows that were made from hewn rectangular stones that extrude in corners.\nThe two middle “legs” are reinforced by little struts that on the northern side have a triangular shape and the southern side is roundabout. In its upper surface – in the passable level – the old cobbled road can be seen in many spots, while the created parapet in its sides is very low.\nThe whole structure of the bridge does not only prove the remarkable aesthetic perception of manufacturers but also the perfect knowledge of the technical bridge construction with materials that had at this time. The bridge has been described as a work of art.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Homeschool moms sometimes fret over the subject of reading. This is rather humorous if you think about it — you do know how to read, right? There really is nothing more natural than teaching a child to read — much like we teach him to walk or talk — but we make it more complicated than it needs to be. Typically all that is required is simple patience, waiting to start until our child is ready and opting for a more natural method rather than a lengthy chaotic search for a magic bullet. With A Home Start in Reading by Ruth Beechick (part of the Three R’s) you really have all you need to teach your child to read. But for those who prefer something a little more directed, Alpha-Phonics Workbook by Samuel L. Blumenfeld is a handy supplement.\nThe book goes along with Blumenfeld’s Alpha-Phonics book written back in the early ’80s and tracks nicely with A Strong Start in Reading. While Ruth Beechick’s instructions are much simpler and easier to understand, both programs take a similar approach.\nOne more tool in the Homeschool Mom’s toolbox — and it’s free!\nUpdate: This is still available at no cost, however, the process to receive the free workbook is now more complicated. The hosting site is requesting a donation. Donating $0.00 is an option. The workbook can be added to your cart, but registration is required at checkout. We typically delete these resources when they are no longer available as simple free downloads. For now, we will leave this up on behalf of the many people requesting it and finding it helpful….\nTeaching a Child to Read — The Natural Way!\nOur approach using Ruth Beechick’s A Strong Start in Reading.\nAlpha-Phonics: A Primer for Beginning Readers by Samuel L. Blumenfeld\nPrint copy of the Teacher’s Manual with lesson plans for those interested. One of Cathy Duffy’s top picks in homeschool curriculum.\nSam Blumenfeld Archives\nAlpha Phonics is only one of the many resources available at the Sam Blumenfeld Archives hosted at CampConstitution.net. (Free membership required.) You may also be interested in his archived articles at Practical Homeschooling Magazine.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Claimed by the Sea: Salcombe, Langdon Bay, and other marine finds of the Bronze Age\nFirst discovered by sport divers in the 1970s, the two remarkable seabed finds of prehistoric bronze metalwork described here quickly became a testing ground for the new discipline of underwater archaeology, initially under the leadership of the pioneering maritime archaeologist Keith Muckelroy. A haul of 361 bronzes from Langdon Bay, Kent, represents one of the largest deposits from Bronze Age Europe. Dating to the thirteenth century BC, the collection is diverse in character and originates in various parts of western Europe and the British Isles. The assemblage from Salcombe, Devon covered here is of similar date with a unique combination of types and materials; further finds have since been made at this site.\nNeither site having yielded any ship’s remains, all possible mechanisms for deposition are reviewed, including erosion of coastal deposits and ritual deposition at sea. Extensive comparative analysis favours the conclusion that the unparalleled Langdon Bay and Salcombe assemblages represent material spilled or jettisoned from boats in trouble.\nFor the first time, maritime archaeologists, period specialists, scientists and coastal geomorphologists, bring together research on these two exceptional sites: history of discovery, evaluation of context and character, detailed scientific analyses and a fully illustrated catalogue. Nineteen further marine finds of Bronze Age metalwork are also documented, models for seaborne exchange are reconsidered and cultural attitudes to the terre/mare interface are discussed.\nAs the first full publication of these exceptional sites, this book will be essential reading for Bronze Age specialists, working in the field or museums, and for underwater archaeologists. At the same time, it is a fascinating read for all archaeologists, be they professional, students or interested amateurs.\n- First comprehensive publication of the hoards\n- Contributions from leading specialists\n- Comprehensive catalogue for both sites\n- Full illustrative catalogue\nABOUT THE AUTHORS\nStuart Needham is an independent researcher specialising in Bronze Age archaeology. He was previously Curator of European Bronze Age antiquities at the British Museum.\nDavid Parham is a Senior Lecturer in Marine Archaeology at Bournemouth University. He has research interests in the archaeology of seafaring and ship construction of all periods\nCatherine J Frieman is the Lecturer in European Archaeology at the Australian National University. Her research primarily concerns the transition from Stone Age to Metal Age via the close study of Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age lithic artefacts. She has ongoing collaborations in Australia, Japan, Vietnam and Britain where she is currently coordinating the excavation and survey of later prehistoric sites in south-eastern Cornwall.\nCatherine J Frieman\n- CBA History\n- Support Us\n- Group Publications", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Some types of loans, depending on the amount of loan that is applied for, often require additional instruments of collateral so when considering a decision on taking out a loan, it is important to take into account all the requirements and costs associated with the granting of a loan, such as for instance, loan application fee, valuation of the movable or immovable property given as instruments of collateral, insurance policies, costs of the notary public, etc. Therefore, before deciding on taking out a loan, it is necessary to collect and study all the information related to the relevant type of loan, inquire with as many credit institutions as possible about the terms and conditions they offer and based on the information collected, estimate which offer is the most favourable for you, bearing in mind your own expectations and possibilities.\nThe tradition of loans and borrowing goes far back in the history of human civilisation. However, life on debt has never been more present in the history of life than today. Different social arrangements created economic conditions under which access to borrowing was much more difficult and loans were as a result approached with much more caution. During credit expansion, when whole economies function owing to borrowing, everything can be purchased on credit, while advancements in the financial system provide consumers with easy access to cash at all times. In such circumstances where a high level of consumption is encouraged, one has to exercise a high degree of self-control to distinguish basic living costs from additional values which are not necessary but make life more pleasant.\nWho to turn to when considering the possibility of taking out a loan\nLoans may be negotiated in one of the credit institutions (banks, savings banks and housing savings banks) or credit unions provided you are a member. To be able to grant loans, such institutions require prior authorisation, issued in the Republic of Croatia by the Croatian National Bank.\nLoans may also be negotiated with the creditors having an authorisation of the Ministry of Finance which also publishes the list of creditors holding an authorisation to grant consumer loans.\nIn addition, Croatia's accession to the EU has opened new possibilities for negotiating a loan so it is now possible to negotiate a loan with institutions authorised in another Member State showing interest for direct or indirect provision of services in the territory of the Republic of Croatia. Such institutions do not require a special authorisation since they are already authorised in the countries in which they have a registered office, but they are obligated to announce their intention to provide services in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.\nWhere a loan is negotiated with entities not belonging to either of the previously mentioned categories, it is necessary to bear in mind that such entities are not regulated or supervised and that in regard to credit price and terms and conditions they are less favourable than those offered by regulated institutions.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In November 1910 two tragic events occurred in Rocksprings, Texas, a tiny rural community almost 200 miles west of Austin and San Antonio.\nWithin the span of a few days, two individuals were violently murdered, one killed point blank by a shotgun blast to the back and to the head, another burned alive surrounded by a crowd of angry onlookers.\nThe remains of both people were buried a mere 50 yards away from one another, segregated by a fence, a small gate, and a line of trees which designated sacred ground reserved for one shade of skin and another.\nOver one hundred years later, historical retrospection clouds the realities of those fateful days. The power of media, prejudice, and memory both erase and elevate a central moment in history that shaped actions and opinions for years to come.\nToday we are examining violence and lynching towards ethnic Mexican people along the Texas Mexico border during the early twentieth century. Particularly we are discussing the mob violence, or lynching, against Antionio Rodriguez in Rocksprings Texas in November of 1910.\nTypically when lynching in America is discussed it is in reference to the obscene amount of lynchings against Black people in the United States between Reconstruction and the mid-twentieth century. However, anti-Mexican violence was also a harsh reality of racial violence throughout the American Southwest.\nAnd I’m Averill\nAnd we are your historians for this episode of Dig\nIn November 1910 man named Antonio Rodriquez was arrested by sheriff’s deputies for the alleged murder of Effie Henderson, an Anglo-American woman near the town of Rocksprings, TX.\nOn November 3rd, 1910, the English language San Angelo Standard Times reported that an “unknown Mexican” had killed the wife of a prominent rancher in Rock Springs, Texas. According to the Standard Times’ article, “the Mexican rode up to the house, called ‘Halo,’ and when Mrs. Hendernon [sic] came to the door he shot and killed her instantly.” The paper relayed that a posse had gathered to hunt down the man and went on to describe how the man would probably be lynched by the crowd if they found him.\nThe next day the English language San Antonio Express picked up the story and wrote more about the apparent events. According to this paper, twenty-year old Antonio Rodríguez whom the report said was from Las Vacas, Mexico, allegedly shot Mrs. Lem Henderson after she “spoke mean” to him. The article said that Rodriguez rode up to the Henderson house around two in the afternoon, while Mrs. Henderson sat out on the porch sewing. Allegedly they argued and Rodriguez shot at her twice, one hitting her in the head and the other in the heart. The only witness was one of Henderson’s young children. When Lem Henderson. arrived home, he found his wife dead and his little girl told him “a Mexican shot mamma.” He then rode to the nearest neighbor’s house and began to recruit volunteers to find the murderer.\nWord spread that Antonio Rodriguez was a disgruntled employee of the Hendersons. A posse of armed men found Rodriguez on a neighboring ranch. They arrested him and threw him in the Edwards County Jail, located in the Rocksprings town square. Details of Effie Henderson’s murder were allegeldy obtained during an interogation of Rodriguez at the jail, where apparently under durress Rodriguez admitted to the murder. Meanwhile, a mob gathered outside the police station and overpowered the one extra guard the local sheriff had placed at the jail. The mob took dragged Rodriguez from his jail cell and out into the street. There they tied him to a mesquite tree, poured kerosene on him, and lit him on fire, burning him alive as a large crowd cheered on. According to the San Antonio Express, not one person took pity on Rodriguez and shot him, leaving him to die from asphyxiation and burning alone.\nLike the Jim Crow South, the Mexican U.S. borderlands were also a place of harsh racial violence, including instances of lynching. During the 1910s lynch mobs targeted Mexicans in the United States more often than the previous thirty years combined and the lynching of ethnic Mexican people in Texas almost doubled the number of those in other border states. In fact, by 1915, lynching of ethnic Mexicans was so commonplace along the Texas border that one newspaper coarsely editorialized, “lynch law is never a pleasant thing to contemplate, but it is not to be denied that it is sometimes the only means of administering justice.”\nLynchings like the one perpetrated against Antonio Rodriguez are examples of “spectacle lynchings,” where the public execution of individuals witnessed by hundreds or even thousands of spectators, often including torture or corpse mutilation. Many lynchings of Black men and women in the South were spectacle lynchings, often with huge crowds. Spectacle lynchings of ethnic Mexians were not as common. Their killings more often happened at night or in secluded areas. The El Paso Times reported the crowd size watching Rodriguez’s excruciating death was in the thousands, which is unbelievably large considering Edwards County, where Rocksprings is, was sparsely populated and hundreds of miles from any larger cities. Regardless of the true size of the crowd, it was obviously a large crowd.\nHowever, in the case of Antonio Rodriguez, the spectacle lynching of an ethnic Mexican man was not only a horrendous act of violence, it also became a serious threat to international diplomatic relations.\nHis brutal mob execution without a trial and the subsequent media coverage of the lynching provoked immediate anti-American reactions all over Mexico. The story broke in Mexico City on November 5th, with the widely circulated newspaper El Pais writing:\nRodríguez was accused of murdering Mrs. Henderson, a rich American who lived here. Despite the fact that there was no proof, the crowd, for simple dislike of Mexicans, took him from the jail and burned him alive in a tree. This savage act by Americans confirms this fact: In the United States Mexicans have no rights and immigration is very dangerous. It is almost certain that if Americans were killed in Mexico under the same conditions, there already would be raining down from our neighboring country numerous threats and demands for compensation. There is indignation among Mexicans here over this lynching.\nAngry rioters took to the streets in Mexico city and throughout towns along the Texas-Mexico border. They attacked American owned businesses and burned American flags. One American citizen was shot and killed in Mexico as retaliation for Rodriguez’s execution.\nMexican journalists wasted no time in pointing out how the lynching of Antonio Rodriguez made the contradictions of American democracy and racism clear.\nOne Mexico City daily newspaper called the people of the United States “giants of the dollar, pygmies of culture and barbarous whites of the north,” and criticized the hypocrisy of the representations of America as being more civilized than Mexico. One editorial framed the lynching as more evidence of U.S. colonization, saying “Not even today are obliterated the traces left by your putrefying claws which in 1847, like hungry buzzards, you feasted upon Upper Calfiornia, Texas, New Mexico…” The were referring to the Treaty of Hildago that in 1848 ceded almost 55% of Mexico to the United States after the Mexican American War. \nU.S. newspapers and politicians constantly portrayed Mexico as a backwards, uncivilized country. The lynching prompted students in Mexico city to circle a petition set to expose this hypocrisy. It read, “Barbarous Mexico they call our country, they who applied the torch to the clothes of Rodiriguez; barborous Mexico, they, who defied and outraged the law, snatching from it a man whose life ought to have been sacred because it was under society’s protection; barbarous Mexico, they, those organized assassins of defenseless strangeers and oppressed Negros…” and it goes on. These students were calling foul on American self proclaimed “civilization”, saying instead the U.S. is a barbours, white supremacist nation. One commentator said that the mob that surrounded Rodriguez as he was burned alive was not made up of “hordes of cannibals, nor equatorial Africans, nor wild men from Malaysia, nor Spanish Inquisitors,” but were instead the “descendants of Washington, of Lincoln, of Franklin… well-dressed, educated, proud of their virtues.”\nThe lynching and the fast spread of its news ignited protests across Mexico and sent working-class men, women and students into the streets. Three protestors were killed when law enforcement attempted to arrest student demonstrators and police charged into a crowd in Mexico City with drawn swords. Porfirio Díaz, the Mexican president-dictator who had been in power for the past twenty years and supported wealthy landowners and industrialists was becoming extremely unpopular with a large contingent of Mexicans who believed Diaz pandered\nto American business interests. However, Diaz himself believed that the anti-American demonstrations after the Rodriguez lynching were “simply a convenient cloak for Mexican revolutionists…” whom Díaz estimated “are active in every part of the Republic.” As to the depth of the anti-Americanism in the riots, Díaz believed “that the students had been used as a tool to discredit the Government and that the crime committed in Rock Springs, Tex., had served as a pretext to arouse the young men into unlawful action.” Which, in some ways was true as the demonstrators’ anger was more toward their own government’s failure to press for justice for Rodríguez and his family than against Americans. Many Mexicans were outraged over the obvious lack of justice given to Antonio Rodríguez, as well as the glaring hypocrisy of foreign and domestic policies that gave Americans tremendous influence with Díaz, while Mexicans possessed no ability to influence American domestic affairs.\nAmbassador Henry Lane Wilson of the United States called the riots happening in Mexico over Rodriguez’s death a disgrace to Mexico City and to the Mexican people, and accused the Mexican government of doing little to head off the riots.\nEnglish language newspapers in the U.S. mostly represented Rodriguez’s lynching as a justified means to an end. Often to rationalize racial violence, newspapers and residents turned to familiar racist tropes that said non-white men threatened white womens purity or virtue. Said another way, within this trope white women were vulnerable to rape by non-white men. Ida B. Wells pointed this out in her expose of lynching of Black men, Lynch Law in America, ten years earlier.\nThis trope was used to justify violence against Black men in the south and Mexican men in the southwest. Almost immediatly the murder of Effie Henderson was cast in these racial tones of delicate and violated white womanhood.\nTo prove the point, an editorial in the New York Times said that the mob’s actions against Rodriguez were “justified as the lives of the ranchers’ wives had been unsafe because of the attempted ravages of Mexican settlers along the Rio Grande.” \nBut who were these “wives” that everyone was worried about, as often they were nameless in print.\nEffie Greer Henderson is often erased from the story. Instead, it’s a showdown between masculinities and race. A rancher’s property (his wife) vs a Mexican laborer. Effie’s name is often omitted from current histories as well as articles that were written contemporaneously. She is either mentioned as just an Anglo ranchers wife or as as Mrs. Lem Henderson, her husband’s name.\nEffie Greer Henderson was 40 years old at the time of her murder. She was originally from Arkansas and came to Texas to be a school teacher. She married Lem, also known as L.K. Henderson in 1893. He was a cattle rancher and former Texas Ranger. Effie was his second wife, his first wife died nine years earlier. Effie and Lem had five children together, the youngest was born in 1910. Two years after Effie died, Lem . married the children’s nurse, Mollie Green. He was forty years older than she was.\nEffie Greer Henderson was an educated mother of five and wife to a prominent Anglo rancher. On November 2, 1910 she was murdered on her front porch, shot once in the back and once in the head. Accounts differ as to what happened. Effie’s two youngest children were at home with her on the day of her murder. As her second youngest child, Hadie, told it later as an adult, a strange man came up to the house and asked her mother for work. When her mother turned around after telling the man that her husband was out in the field, the man shot her in the back and then “without pity the murderer placed the rifle to the back of her head and sent a bullet crashing through her brain.”\nAn account by one of Effie’s older sons, Tom, who was nine years old at the time said that he and his father came back to the ranch house at the end of the day. He described a horrible scene. As they came up to the house, they heard the baby crying. When they went in, they found his mother and baby brother lying on the floor in a pool of blood, the baby trying to nurse from his dead mother.\nAccording to Tom’s version, everyone immediately knew it was Antonio Rodriguez who killed his mother because he was an ex-employee of the ranch who had beef with the Hendersons.\nOther accounts raise suspicion about the identity of the murderer. Some postulate that Lem was the murderer. Others say that someone else entirely killed Effie and Antonio Rodriguez was picked up as a scapegoat. Oral interviews done by Monica Munoz Martinez show the town of Rocksprings, still to this day, generally divide along racial lines with Anglos believing that Rodriguez killed Effie Henderson and with ethnic Mexicans believing that a racist mob lynched an innocent man.\nMedia reports from Spanish language newspapers and English newspapers almost immediately began printing these different opinions of the murder and lynching. In these accounts Rodriguez was either an evil brute who ravaged a young mother, or an innocent Mexican in the wrong place at the wrong time who was murdered by an angry white mob.\nThe Spanish language press condemned the violence, and suggested that this anti-Mexican mob violence was a continuation of the brutality inflicted on Black Americans in the south. One newspaper wrote, “The iron hoof of the Texas ‘Yankee’ in his barbarous and savage sentiments of race hatred, is now trampling upon the Negro; but the rottenness of his core has spread out so as to wound and even kill a Mexican, by the iniquitous method of lynching.”\nThe Spanish language paper in Laredo, Texas, La Cronica, denounced the mob violence in an article titled “Barbarismos” (Barbarisms), and condemned the inaction of local Anglo authorities.\nOne U.S. district attorney even pointed out that the federal government needed to pass legislation that gave federal courts jurisdiction to at least try Americans accused of assaulting foreign citizens. He warned that assaulting or killing foreign nationals could lead to war with other nations and trigger attacks against U.S. foreign investments. He said, “Every American who is in Mexico is held liable for the assault because a Texas mob burned a Mexican…” He wasn’t concerned about the racial violence per se, but about how that violence could threaten American diplomatic relations. However, it was one argument that supported federal anti-lynching legislation. If the federal government could not pass such laws to protect individual people, maybe the threat against American business abroad or even war might push such legislation.\nHowever, English-language newspapers continued to fuel the flames. The El Paso Times published an article on November 14th that said an armed Mexican mob was marching towards Rocksprings to exact revenge for Rodriguez’s burning death. The rumors spread quickly, prompting the New York Times to report that more than 2,000 Texas cowboys were heading towards Rocksprings to defend against the Mexican invasion.\nTwo days later when no violent mobs or mercenary cowboys descended on the rural town, the El Paso Times conceded that the tales of armed Mexican demonstrators were just rumors. The Mexico City newspaper El País derided the erroneous reports:\nThe American press, dedicated to exploiting and exciting, has published the rumor of Mexicans ready to attack Rock Spring from Del Rio…they didn’t arrive and the U.S. press looks ridiculous…the sheriff looks stupid for warning of danger.\nMexican officials asked to conduct their own investigations into what happened in Rocksprings. The Mexican government announced that it would start conducting its own independent investigation of the Rodríguez affair through its consul at Eagle Pass. At the same time, Francisco León de la Barra, the Mexican ambassador to the United States, presented a claim for reparations to the United States Department of State. In order to have a valid claim for reparations, Mexican officials had to find Rodriguez’s next of kin. They began searching for his relatives in Mexico. The Laredo newspaper La Cronica reported that Rodriguez’s family lived in Guadalajara, Mexico, where he had a wife and one daughter. Reportedly Rodriguez had left his family only a few months earlier, and had mailed letters home as he traveled through Mexico and into Texas.\nHowever the English language press printed stories that Rodriguez was an American citizen and therefore Mexico had no right to claim reparations. A newspaper in Victoria, Texas, printed a story that said Rodriguez was from Eagle Pass, a small Texas city on the border. The Dallas Morning News printed a story that said Rodriguez was from New Mexico, ,which if true would have canceled Mexico’s demand for reparation and made the United States the aggrieved party in the anti-American demonstrations. Thus, the murders of both Effie Henderson and Antonio Rodriguez became parts of larger diplomatic power struggles between the U.S. and Mexico, at least as how it played out in the press.\nA trial was convened on December 15th in the Edwards County district court to investigate the mob killing of Antonio Rodriguez. Not surprisingly, the grand jury did not indict any of the mob participants. A newspaper article said that the town lacked any remorse because “the entire town took part in the lynching.”\nMonica Munoz Martinez documents how the memory of Antonio Rodriguez’s lynching simmered among the Anglos and Mexicans within Rocksprings for generations and asks what it means for residents to live in a town defined by such an act of mob violence.\nThe memory sparks different feelings, depending on which victim one mourns. Some believe the lynching was just retribution for a callous murder of an innocent mother, others believe it was an act of violent racism, indicative of such acts played out all over the country. Munoz Martinez writes, “The lynching of Antonio Rodriguez…offers an opportunity to see the politcs of memory on a local level.” I have to point out that Munoz Martinez’s book, The Injustice Never Leaves You, is an excellent look at not only this anti-Mexican mob violence that took place along the border but also how those injustices became ingrained into the DNA of the region, of the landscape and the people who continue to live there. Her book definitely shaped how I framed this episode.\nThe tombstone for Effie Greer Henderson reads “Mother: Born July 20, 1869 Died November 2, 1910” She is buried on the Anglo side of the cemetery.\nRoughly 50 yards away a pink granite tombstone reads “Antonio Ramires [sic] Burned at Stake November 3, 1910.” However many residents say that is not where Rodriguez’s remains are located. In fact, no one knows who placed the granite headstone there and Rodriguez’s name is actually spelled with an “s” on the end instead of the more common spelling of “z.” Townsfolk instead say his remains are buried under an unmarked cement cross and round stone with a hole in it for a single candle. Both the cement cross and the pink granite headstones are located on the “Mexican” side of the cemetery, as the graveyard was segregated between Anglos, Mexicans, and Blacks, just as many Texas schools and restaurants and public areas were.\nJust one year later in June 1911, a 12 to 14 year old boy named Antonio Gomez was dragged to death behind a buggy in Thorndale, Texas. Gomez was the son of a local migrant worker and was alleged to have stabbed and killed Charley Zieschang, the white owner of a local garage. Various accounts list Gomez’s age differently, as either twelve years old or fourteen.\nA mob beat and disfigured Gomez before wrapping a chain around his neck. Mob leaders then dragged him behind a horse, or a horse drawn buggy, the accounts differ. He was dragged into the middle of town where a crowd of approximately two hundred people had gathered.\nAgain, Gomez’s death was another act of mob violence and spectacle lynching, like Rodriguez’s but also much more like the spectacel lynching of African Americans across the American south. Historians William Carrigan and Clive Webb write about the Gomez lynching, “The dragging of the body through the town paralleled a key element to many of the spectacle lynchings of African Americans. The long, slow deliberate execution of the young man was a blunt gesture of the power of mob leaders and a clear warning to Mexicans about the dangers of seeking revenge on Anglos… the symbolic and ritualistic elements of the Gomez lynching undermine any argument that the killing was necessary because of a low or ineffective court system.”\nAgain, Gomez’s lynching ignighted protests from Mexican officials that brought unwanted attention to Thorndale, Texas and American racism in general. Gomez’s spectacle death was one of the last spectacle killings of Mexican nationals. Instead, “the majority of Mexican victims of mob violence did not die in ritualized, daylight public killings but in the middle of the night or in remote ranchlands, hidden gulches, and deserted roadsides.” However, by no means did the threat of lynching subsite. An attempted lynching of a fifteen-year-old Leon Cardena Martinez in Pecos meant that the Texas Rangers had to be called in to prevent a mob from killing the teenager. His father said that after he was arrested for allegedly killing the white school teacher Emma Brown, police placed a shotgun to his head and forced him to confess to her murder. Although he was not lynched by a mob, Martinez was sentenced to death by hanging.\nAnti-Mexican violence proved a catalyst for the burgeoning ethnic Mexican civil rights movement. Texas Mexicans from both sides of the border met in Laredo, Texas for El Primier Congreso Mexicanista, or the first Mexican Congress in September of 1911. This event was organized by the Idar family who invited members of lodges and mutual aid societies, all Mexican consuls in the state, and Texas-Mexican journalists. They also issued a special invitation to women from the region to come. The event joined Mexicans from all over to address the growing violence, racism, and lack of education and economic opportunities for ethnic Mexicans in Texas and the U.S. Concurrently, women held their own congress, La Ligua Feminil with Jovita Idar as its first president. This group included a cross-class group of Mexican heritage women from both sides of the border who organized to promote bilingual education and support of working women, particularly washerwomen or lavanderas. They also advocated for women’s suffrage in both the U.S. and Mexico.\nThis racialized atmosphere was one of the key factors that motivated leaders of the Mexican-American civil rights movement. Violence along the border intensified throughout the 1910s and attorney J.T. Canales called the race war a “wholesale slaughter” of Mexican Texans. The growing number of deaths led to legislative hearings that exposed the racial crimes of the Texas Rangers. Among the many lynchings, none was more well-known than the burning to death of Antonio Rodríguez. Many of these early Mexican civil rights organizers went on to found other organizations and movements during the 1920s, one being the League of United Latin American Citizens or LULAC founded in 1929.\nThe 1960s and 1970s saw an upsurge in Mexican American political activism. In Texas, organizing for Mexican American voting rights began to overturn the Anglo political machines that had dominated the state and disenfranchised Texas Mexicans and Black Texans. Additionally the growing Chicano movement began to document and historicize anti-Mexican violence like the lynchings of Antonio Rodriguez and Antonio Gomez while labor strikes in the Texas valley and protests over the Vietnam War fueled young Latinx students and activists to participate in el moveimento, the movement. Also, newly emerging Chicano Studies programs were growing, particularly at the University of Texas, with scholars such as Americo Paredes and George Sanchez and Jose Limon, who all wrote important and founding books in what was called Chicano history.\nOral histories, passed among ethnic Mexicans in the region made sure that the lynching of Antonio Rodriguez was not forgotton. One man described the saying that was common, when referring to Rocksprings. He said ethnic Mexicans told other Mexicans “Mucho cuidado con rocke’spring. Son muy desgraciados” (Be very careful in Rocksprings. They are disgraceful and miserable people.)\nA write up in the St. Louis Star and Times on November 4th, 1910 said this about Antonio Rodriguez’s death: “…Rodriguez showed no emotion when tied to the stake and died without a plea for mercy.” However, oral histories of Mexican Texans from Rocksprings say that as he burned, he yelled out that the town and its inhabitants would be cursed “from now on.”\nMany in Rocksprings believe that a tornado that ripped through the town of Rocksprings in April of 1927, killing seventy-two people and seriously injuring over 150 more was God’s retribution for the lynching and evidence of Rodriguez’s cures. The population at the time was only 1,000 so this loss of life was absolutely devastating. According to some, a man thought to be the first person to throw a match on Rodriguez’s kerosene soaked body suffered an extremely gruesome death in the tornado when the high winds drove a wooden post through his heart.\nThe Edwards County courthouse and jail where Rodriguez had been jailed was one of the few structures to survive the tornado. The Texas State Historical Survey Committee gave the Edwards County Courthouse an historical marker in 1967, recognizing its importance in the founding of the county. A marker placed in the town square in 1973 lists the courthouse and the jail as two buildings that withstood the tornado of 1927 that killed so many people.\nRogelio Munoz, a former district attorney, relayed how recollections of people with memories of racial violence show how they engage with public monuments like the courthouse. In oral interviews he said, “Well, every time I go to Rocksprings there’s a plaque at the court house and the plaque talks about the storm that occurred in the 1920s that came to the town. And the Mexicans believe that it was punishment from God for burning this guy.”\nSo this plaque means one thing to one set of people in the town, mostly Anglos, of the town’s triumph over this storm while many ethnic Mexicans who grew up with their parents and grandparents talking about Rodriguez’s lynching and how the tornado was retribution for his killng, think of this commemorative plaque of the tornado as a reminder of the lynching.\nThere is not an official historical marker in Rocksprings, Texas, that designates the history of this watershed lynching. One must travel over 200 miles south to Laredo, in Webb County to see a Texas State historical marker that mentions the lynching. The marker to honor El Primer Congreso Mexicanista in 1911 mentions the Rocksprings lynching as a catalyst for the Mexican Texan civil rights movement.\nWilliam D. Carrigan, Clive Webb, Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence Against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928 (Oxfords rd University Press, 2013).\nBenjamin Johnson, Revolution in Texas: How a Forgotten Rebellion and Its Bloody Suppression Turned Mexicans into Americans (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005)\nArnoldo De León, They Called Them Greasers: Anglo Attitudes Toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821–1900 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983).\nArnoldo De León, ed., War Along the Border: The Mexican Revolution and Tejano Communities (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2012).\nJosé E. Limón, “El Primer Congreso Mexicanista de 1911,” Aztlán 5 (Spring, Fall 1974).\nMonica Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You : Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2018).\nElizabeth Garner Masarik, “Por La Raza, Para La Raza: Jovita Idar and Progressive-Era Mexicana Maternalism along the Texas–Mexico Border,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly, vol. 122, no. 3, January 2019.\nCynthia Orozco, No Mexicans, Women, Or Dogs Allowed: The Rise of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009).\nTravis Taylor, Lynching on the Border: The Death of Antonio Rodriguez and the Rise of Anti-Americanism During the American Revolution, Master’s Thesis, Angelo State University, 2012.\n Standard Times, San Angelo, Texas, November 3, 1910.\n San Antonio Express News, November 4, 1910.\n William B. Carrigan and Clive Webb, Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848–1928 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 6.\n Quoted in Benjamin Johnson, Revolution in Texas: How a Forgotten Rebellion and Its Bloody Suppression Turned Mexicans into Americans (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005) 86–87.\n El Pais, November 5, 1910 quoted in Taylor, Lynching on the Border, 40-41.\n “To Avenge Rodriguez,” New York Times, Nov. 26, 1910.\n Quoted in Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2018) 36.\n Quoted in Muzon Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 37\n Quoted in Muzon Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 38\n Quoted in Travis Taylor, Lynching on the Border: The Death of Antonio Rodriguez and the Rise of Anti-Americanism During the American Revolution, Master’s Thesis, Angelo State University, 2012: 90.\n Quoted in William Carrigan and Clive Webb, “The Lynching of Persons of Mexican Origin or Descent in the United States 1848-1928,” Journal of Social History, 37, no. 2 (2003): 428.\n Quoted in Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You,\n Quoted in Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 36.\n “Barbarismos” La Cronica (Nov. 12, 1910)1, as quoted in Limon, 88.\n Quoted in Munoz Marines, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 41.\n El País, November 16, 1910, quoted in Taylor, Lynching on the Border, 87\n Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 40.\n Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 33.\n Carrigan and Webb, Forgotten Dead, 82.\n Carrigan and Webb, Forgotten Dead, 83.\n Quoted in Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 62.\n Quoted in Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 60.\n Munoz Martinez, The Injustice Never Leaves You, 69.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Why is agriculture the biggest water polluter?\nAgriculture accounts for 70% of water use, and yet counts as the world’s biggest polluter. How is this possible? Read our article and find out more about the causes and consequences.\nEU farms use 173 million hectares of land for agricultural production, while the U.S. farms use up to 370 million hectares. Considering the above, it's not surprising that farming uses the major part of global water.\nAgriculture also infamously ranked first as the world’s biggest water polluter.\nAnimal husbandry makes the problem\nDid you know that farmland is mostly used for cattle breeding? Animal husbandry advances much faster than crop farming, adding new polluters to the list of harmful substances.\nLivestock is administered antibiotics, vaccines, and hormones to facilitate breeding. These end up as biological waste after being discharged. The farmers either store the waste in special pits or scatter the waste on the land as an organic fertilizer.\nBoth options bear many risks. In case the pits are located near water bodies, the waste enters the water rapidly. Especially following a storm or if the pits are damaged.\nIn case the farmers scatter the waste, they put the groundwater in danger since the water absorbs the harmful substances. Precipitation also accelerates the process. When it starts raining, water pushes the substances deeper into the soil or washes them away into the bodies of water. And that's far from over!\nBiological waste releases more than just residues of veterinary medication. Organic fertilizer, especially chicken manure, contains large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus.\nThere are many farmers who use chicken manure to fertilize their land, releasing the nitrogen and phosphorus to the ground and surface water.\nIt might not seem so, but nitrogen causes huge damage to the water. High nitrogen concentrations result in excessive growth of algae in the water in a process called eutrophication.\nThe uncontrollable growth of algae leads to oxygen depletion. Fish and other water animals are no longer able to live in the water and die en masse.\nThe dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico is a typical example. There is so much nitrogen in this area of 8,000 square miles that this body of water is inhabitable for fish.\nThe nitrogen contamination also caused huge damage to the Mar Menor lagoon in Spain. Last year, animals, such as eels, shrimps, and the European bass, appeared on the coast and were suffocated due to the lack of oxygen as a result of the algae occurrence.\nThe massive growth of algae was in this case also caused by nitrogen and phosphorus entering from agricultural fertilizers. This ecological catastrophe led to three tonnes of dead fish lining the beaches.\nContaminated waters and pesticide\nOn the one hand, pesticides bring many benefits, protecting the crops before pests, mold, and weeds. They make rich harvest for the farmers and bring food on the tables.\nHowever, just like manure, pesticides also come with huge risks. They split after intensive irrigation and, when it rains, they are easily carried off to the bodies of water.\nIf the pesticides enter drinking water throughout the food cycle, they can cause health problems, such as skin and eye irritation, affect the nervous system, or even cause cancer.\nThe worst is that pesticides remain in soil for years. They are easily dissolved in water, increasing the concentration even more.\nWhat’s the human role?\nSo far we’ve only discussed the water pollution caused by harmful substances and its impact on marine life. But do you know the ultimate cause?\nAccording to the United Nations, the demand for certain food, such as meat from industrial farms, exploded. The farmers respond to the people's needs by intensifying the farming.\nSuch massive production naturally requires a lot of pesticides and creates a huge amount of biological waste.\nNo wonder that the biggest polluter in high-income countries is the agriculture which has overtaken contamination from industries and settlements.\nThe change we need\nThe UN review of 2018 outlines several recommendations to improve the situation. First, the farmers should not store the waste near water sources.\nIf the water is contaminated, large areas and bodies of water will be hard to clean. They also need to reduce the use of pesticides or use only those with lowest impact on water quality.\nThe state should, through various incentives, encourage the public to buy organic food with as low environmental footprint as possible.\nEvery person can play their part, such as reduce meat consumption with drastic environmental impact (beef and chicken, asparagus, and sugar) or stop wasting food since 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted per year only because the households are oversupplied.\nDue to medicines and cosmetic goods we flush down the toilet, male fish are changing into hermaphrodites\nHave you thought about where chemicals from cosmetic goods and medicines we normally use end up? The large part ends directly in the rivers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Over 10 years BHSL have developed and patented Fluidised Bed Combustion (FBC) Technology to reliably convert poultry manure into heat and electricity for use on the poultry farm.\nImmediately after birds are depopulated, poultry manure from the poultry rearing sheds is transferred to a bio-secure building which is completely sealed once the doors are closed. Over the next flock the manure is automatically transferred to the BHSL plant which converts the manure into heat or heat and electricity. The process is overseen by the BHSL Remote Operations Centre, and meets strict European emissions limits.\nPoultry litter from one batch is combusted on the farm to provide clean, dry renewable heat to sustain the next batch. Surplus heat is available to produce renewable power for use on the farm or export to the grid. Major savings are made in the consumption of propane for heating. The next batch of chickens thrive in the warm, dry, optimally ventilated, low ammonia conditions of the poultry house, putting on more weight for each kilogramme of grain fed to them. The litter they produce is drier and less odorous. Rather than being transported elsewhere for disposal, with ever-growing environmental consequences, the litter is securely stored on the farm and then combusted on the farm to produce the heat and power for the next batch.\nThus the sustainable cycle is completed, heating costs are saved, bird welfare is ensured, the environment is respected and extra revenue is generated and margins improved.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This technique uses a specially blended liquid which is pumped into a well under extreme pressure causing cracks in rock formations underground. These cracks in the rock then allow oil and natural gas to flow, increasing resource production.\nTime considerations must be made for leveling the immediate area, constructing the pad site, possibly building roads to transport equipment and preparing for the drilling rig.\nOnce preparation is complete, the crew will begin the drilling process; which includes casing, cementing and completing the well.\nHydraulic fracturing is not new. The first commercial application of hydraulic fracturing as a well treatment technology designed to stimulate the production of oil or gas likely occurred in either the Hugoton field of Kansas in 1946 or near Duncan Oklahoma in 1949.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Which Switching Frequency?:\nThe higher the frequency the better but at the price of a higher computational load. Anything above the audio spectrum its ok, using 8 bit resolution a nice balanced point is using 31.3KHz.\nIf you want to understand all the posibilities and\nConfiguring Arduino UNO registers for PWM audio:\nThere are basically 3 registers that controls everything:\nPWM_QTY: Sets to 1 for Single PWM, and 2 for Dual PWM.\nPWM_FREQ: Sets the PWM frequency following the table below.\nPWM_MODE Sets the Fast Mode (1) or the Phase Correct Mode (0)\nnote: Fast Mode can reach higher switching frequencies ( ) at the expense of higher harmonic distortion ( ). By default we use Phase Correct Mode although you can try the Fast one and find the sound differences.\nThe works done by OpenMusicLabs in the Arduino Uno PWM generation are great. I really appreciate all the outstanding analysis and examples. THANKS.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Alzheimer’s disease affects over 5 million Americans and is the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S. The National Institute on Aging characterizes the illness as an “irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills and, eventually even the ability to carry out the simplest tasks of daily living.” Most people think that the disease only affects seniors, but an early-onset of Alzheimer’s can show up in middle-age, too. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s progress from mild to profoundly severe, eventually inhibiting almost all memory, communication and functionality.\nHere are six symptoms that could indicate an Alzheimer’s diagnosis:\n- Short-term memory loss: It is normal for an aging person’s memory to get spotty at times. However, when someone immediately forgets what just happened, it can be a sign of Alzheimer’s. Repeating what they just said can be a result of such memory loss.\n- Disorientation: The early stages of Alzheimer’s can cause someone to suddenly get lost in a familiar setting. It can also result in putting things in illogical places, like car keys in the freezer.\n- Confusion: Early Alzheimer’s can make simple everyday tasks more difficult. Paying bills or making a grocery list can take more time.\n- Communication problems: Struggling to find the right word for common items can be a sign of Alzheimer’s. For example, instead of saying “pencil” one might say, “that thing I write with.”\n- Personality changes: Rapid mood swings, depression, anxiety, withdrawal, irritability, aggressiveness and mistrust can all be symptoms of early Alzheimer’s.\n- Loss of interest: Distress over early symptoms can contribute to social withdrawal or disinterest for once-loved activities.\nDo you or someone you love have Alzheimer’s? Consider joining one of Brain Matters’ clinical research studies on Alzheimer’s disease.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "You can also find mango, strawberry, and many other flavors to choose from. rum synonyms, rum pronunciation, rum translation, English dictionary definition of rum. Pot-still rums are a Jamaican speciality – big-flavoured, robust rums with more ‘funk’ than their Caribbean cousins, particularly compared with rum from Spanish-speaking islands. They vary greatly in age, with the older rums costing more than younger bottlings. There are also origin-specific styles like cachaça and rhum agricole available. Rum is one of the major liquors in the world, with a history steeped in the myths of piracy, the Caribbean, and slavery. Rhum agricole must be produced in the French territories, most commonly the island of Martinique, and it is governed by an AOC (appellation d’origine controlle), similar to Cognac. There are a number of styles of rum produced. Pot stills are used in many of the traditional rums, though most now use continuous column stills. First produced in the 1600s in the Caribbean, rum can be made from sugar cane juice or from molasses, a rich, dark by-product of sugar production that provides an earthy flavour note. By the mid-1700s, rum was being made throughout the Caribbean and South America. The colour from an authentically aged spirit is picked up from time in a barrel – it extracts other flavour compounds, as well as colour, and this is why aged spirits are generally easier to sip. That's a tough one, and it's very much dependant on the time of day, and the frame of mind I'm in. In its original form, molasses is gunky, bitter and tastes a bit like liquorice, but it gives rum its unique flavour. Rum is an alcoholic spirit made from sugar cane, or its derivatives. By Chef John Rum is an alcoholic spirit made from sugar cane. Spirits should always be stored upright if they have a natural cork stopper otherwise the alcohol will attack the cork and the flavour will definitely be impaired. The molasses-cane juice mixture is then fermented and distilled. In particular, the rich and mellow Demerara style developed in Guyana has historically been the black, sweet base for most of the Navy rums which enjoyed huge popularity for much of the 20th century. Even if this is your first foray into rum, we think it’s OK to skip … This might vary quite a lot depending on if you're in the tropics or colder northern climes, but there is no need to heat your rum. In both cases, the liquid is … There is a specialist glass for nosing called the NEAT glass, which is great for allowing the aromas to be revealed. A year or so ago, I was lucky enough to try a 1920's distilled J Bally Rhum from Martinique, and it was absolutely fabulous - I'd really love to get some more of that in my glass please! The sweet taste of rum makes it a versatile mixer and it is essential for any well-stocked bar. Back to rum though, Sainsbury's says that rum is becoming the UK's spirit of choice, with sales of flavoured and spiced rums up 80% in 2020. June 25, 2015 at 11:55 am 5 Best Cachacas for Mixing up a Fantastic Caipirinha. My most recent batch was made with a golden rum (80-proof) from St. Vincent. 1. That man's name was Facundo Bacardi Masso and the drink was known as \"aguardiente,\"\" the Spanish word for firewater. Keep your bottles out of direct sunlight as well. Colour stripping leaves some of the flavour and body that the rum has built up over the years in cask. Barbados had the perfect combination of sugarcane, and therefore molasses (the by-product of sugar production), as well as the technical knowledge of distillation and perhaps, more importantly, the opportunity for commercial sales. While cachaça was once only available in South America, it's enjoying worldwide fame today. Cask strength rums can be up to 60% ABV, so you might want to follow your first sip with a mouthful of water. Molasses flavors range from light, dark and blackstrap. The resulting rum is equally as dark, rich, and thick. These rums often are aged in barrels made … Rum, the sugarcane-based spirit that’s a key component for countless drinks, is made all around the world.Records of its distillation in Barbados date back to as early as 1650.. And dark being brandy and whisky, for example. The purity of the juice imparts a special flavor to this style of rum. The distillate, a clear liquid, is usually aged in oak barrels. Plus, there are cocktails that work just as well with rum as with the spirit originally intended. The type of wood used is often the determining factor in the color of rum produced in the end. At one extreme is \"natural fermentation,\" where yeasts inherent in the environment are relied upon to ferment the sugars in open vats. Rum’s history isn’t an easy or pretty one, but it is an important part of the world’s history. How is rum made? Creating molasses from the sugar cane The juices are squeezed from the sugar cane to create a by-product called molasses. Rum is one of the major liquors in the world, with a history steeped in the myths of piracy, the Caribbean, and slavery. I've got a particular passion for aged Agricole Rhums, although I love anything with character, and That Boutique-y Rum Company's range is curated with that in mind. The Art of Making Rum. So it’s good to gently angle and rotate a tasting glass to spread the rum around the inside. Most rum is produced using some type of usulphured molasses, which is derived from the sugarcane plant. As with all spirits, rum goes through the processes of fermentation and distillation. In its purest form, rum is made by mixing molasses with the solution skimmed off the sugar cane juice after it is boiled and fermenting it. Rum is a liquor distilled from sugarcane byproducts — typically sugarcane juice, sugar cane syrup, or molasses, according to Difford’s Guide For … There's a reason that happy hour is called happy hour: After a hard day at the office or at the job site, you can finally unwind and enjoy discount food and alcoholic beverages at your favorite restaurant or bar. What is rum? See more. Rum definition is - an alcoholic beverage distilled from a fermented cane product (such as molasses). Have you ever had a rum Manhattan, or an old fashioned made with rum? Rum has experienced a new wave of popularity in recent years and Ron Zacapa, made in Guatemala, is considered by many to be the best in the world. Rhum agricole is noted for its grassy, sweet taste because sugar cane is a grass. In fact, it is only going to continue to grow with offerings that have a sense of regionality through botanicals that only grow in specific locations, as well as seasonality, personality tie-ins, different infusion techniques, and so on. Medium-bodied rums are often called gold or amber rum. Making rum from scratch using molasses and sugar. Make a Batch of Batter: Mix together 3 cups brown sugar, 1/2 cup unsalted butter, 3 tablespoons honey, 1 tablespoon rum extract (or 1/2 tablespoon dark rum), 1 tablespoon vanilla extract, 1 teaspoon ground nutmeg, 1 teaspoon ground allspice, 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon using an electric mixer until everything is blended together. Each of these will give the individual rum various and distinct characteristics. Yield: Batter for about 25 servings. Sign up to our newsletter to get more articles like this delivered straight to your inbox. Because these rums are in contact with the wood for a longer time, they naturally pick up the flavors and colors of the barrel. Rhum agricole (agricultural rum), made with the sugarcane juice, is widely considered the signature rum of the French West Indies, and it usually tastes earthier than its industrial counterpart. And even if it was, it goes no way to indicating what the flavour might be like. Look for bottles like Cruzan Black Strap and Captain Morgan Black Spiced Rum. The cut cane is promptly transported to the mill where it is crushed in a machine. Fun and easy quick whiteboard animated guide to rum. The majority of \"dark\" rums fall into this category as well. They are often sweetened too. The plant takes between ten months and two years to reach sufficient maturity to … Many of the early Caribbean rums were produced with molasses and \"skimmings\" from the production of sugar. Don’t splurge on an expensive, mature bottle; it doesn’t taste that much better, and its oakiness will sometimes quarrel with the spices. Rum is a liquor made by fermenting then distilling sugarcane molasses or sugarcane juice. But there’s even rum made in Madagascar (Pink Pigeon) and the United States (Prichard’s, RAILEAN, Montanya, and The Noble Experiment). Without doubt, spiced rum will be the new gin without doubt. Rum is typically made from molasses, and rums made from this are found all around the world. Similar to cachaça, rhum agricole is also distilled from pure sugar cane juice. If you said yes, chances are you're a fan of rum, which is the reason why piña coladas make you feel intoxicated. A decent white rum is fine, but I prefer a moderately aged, slightly dry spirit, as this adds some intrigue to the end product. I wanted to make some rum so that I could make my own Captain Morgans Spiced Rum you will need 1 x 25L fermentation vessel a long spoon, you can get these from homebrew shops yeast nutrient, you can substitute tomato puree for this if you have trouble getting hold of yeast nutrient. It is distilled from fresh-pressed sugar cane juice using a Creole continuous column still. Rum is an alcoholic beverage that is made from fermenting sugarcane juice and its byproducts such as molasses. Definitions Rum with 37% alcohol content. This was a time before whisky became the massive global spirit it is now, so the British empire got stuck into rum instead. I wanted to make some rum so that I could make my own Captain Morgans Spiced Rum you will need 1 x 25L fermentation vessel a long spoon, you can … Serving temperature comes up a lot as a question, and the default answer is room temperature. Good rum doesn't have to be expensive, in fact, some of the rum producers of long-standing make excellent offerings at very reasonable prices. There are three main varieties of rum: white, gold and dark. Other ingredients are sometimes added to create a wider variety of flavors, including caramelized sugar, fruit extracts, and spices. That’s about the only criteria for making rum. So, we spoke to That Boutique-y Rum's brand ambassador, Peter Holland, to get tips on serving rum to get the most out of it, and how to store rum once you've opened it. White rum is made from byproducts of sugarcane, including molasses and juice. The Brazilian rum known as cachaça differs from others because it skips the molasses and instead uses pure sugar cane juice in the distillation process. On rare occasions, a natural infusion of fruits or herbs is used. White rum is made from byproducts of sugarcane, including molasses and juice. Heavy-bodied or dark rums are typically used in rum punches. Rum is one of the most popular liquors and it is used to create many cocktails, including the daiquiri and mojito. It’s then fermented, distilled, and aged in oak barrels. The cane can only be harvested in the dry season and the juice must be extracted within three days. These rums are generally aged in stainless steel tanks for up to a year and filtered before bottling. That man's name was Facundo Bacardi Masso and the drink was known as \"aguardiente,\"\" the Spanish word for firewater. Rum definition, an alcoholic liquor or spirit distilled from molasses or some other fermented sugar-cane product. To get a little more specific, rum is made from either cane sugar, or the byproducts of cane sugar, such as molasses and black treacle. It soon became popular in New England and was produced there as well. The overwhelming benefit of rum is that there is genuinely a rum for everyone; a style to suit every palate. Instead, it's often thought of as a unique distilled spirit that is its own category. Spiced rum is simply that: a rum base that has been flavoured in some way. Rum can be made by distilling the beery type liquid produced from fermented fresh sugar cane juice. Light, gold, dark, spiced, and flavored rums are among the most popular. If you are already drunk, don't try to play with fire in your drinks. It's always a good idea to read the labels so you know what you're buying, especially when it comes to the potential of additives. Rum has the same problem in that the world likes to simplify things, but as much as we'd like 'white' rum to mean that it's an un-aged offering, and that 'dark' equals aged, it's not that simple. The UV component of sunlight can be quite hard on spirits. Just as with vodka, it is very easy to make your own infused rum. Rum's success is down to its versatility. A decent white rum is fine, but I prefer a moderately aged, slightly dry spirit, as this adds some intrigue to the end product. Soz, gin - you've had your time. Then there’s the question of whether a lighter style or a ‘pot still’ heavy flavour profile is better. An alcoholic liquor distilled from fermented molasses or sugarcane. This is a popular rum for creating flamed drinks because the high alcohol content makes it easy to burn. Pusser’s Rum Original Admiralty Blend (Blue Label) Named after the daily serving of rum received by … While rum can be made from sugar cane juice, the majority is manufactured with molasses as its base. All rums, including spiced rum, start with sugar cane – whether it be the pure juice, or the juice boiled down to make molasses. A key factor is that colour is not a flavour, although it generally is considered to be linked. And if I see one more fridge magnet that says, \"Let the weekend be-gin\", I'm going to lose it. It is the most common style of rum and is a very subtle liquor, much like vodka with a sweet tooth. Most will have a sweet flavor. White being the likes of gin and vodka. Rum is made from the syrup of the sugarcane. The black rums retain much of this rich molasses and caramel flavoring and are sometimes colored with burnt caramel to achieve consistently dark hues. Rum is produced from Genus Saccharum officinarun, the giant grass that’s better known as sugar cane. They are often quite rich and surprisingly smooth. Rums can also be made from freshly pressed sugarcane juice, and they can have quite a different flavour profile, especially un-aged, or young aged. This will be the most used bottle because it's versatile and required for the majority of rum … Most rum is distilled from fermented molasses. The higher alcohol content makes these a popular choice for lighting drinks on fire. We earn a commission for products purchased through some links in this article. And although that might be enough in and of itself to make you happy, the rum helps too, as noted by Laura Krebs-Holm, a registered dietitian. Complex aged spirits definitely open with time. This taste profile is a result of either the production of congeners (organic compounds produced during production) or the addition of caramel. The caipirinha was originally invented as a drink to ward off the flu, made with lemon, garlic and honey. Most rum is produced using some type of usulphured molasses, which is derived from the sugarcane plant. For example, sugarcane as a crop – from which rum is made – has been around for several thousand years; moving as it did from Papua New Guinea, through India and the surrounding areas, following the spice route, through to North Africa and Southern Europe, before heading off to the Canary Islands, Madeira and then the Caribbean and the Americas. “Jamaica is an ideal setting to grow sugarcane. According to Authentic Caribbean Rum, “Rum is a liqueur with a minimum base alcohol volume about 35 percent and is made from cane sugar. Almost any aged rum can be mixed into drinks and many can stand on their own and enjoyed straight. According to the United States Government Federal Standards of Identity, the following paragraph offers … Spirits, like wine and other beverages will experience oxidisation, and you may well notice the difference in flavour between a freshly opened bottle and one that’s been open for a while. So if you're soaking in a pool with an umbrella drink in your hand, raise a glass to rum. By law, cachaça must be produced in Brazil. What Is Rum Made From? This is the rum you’re going to want to add to your piña coladas. Dark Rum Rum’s darker side is perhaps the most direct expression of its most used raw material: molasses. Rum drinks range from hot to cold, easy to complicated. The yeast is always carefully chosen to... 3. This method of rum production is common on the French islands, particularly Martinique where it is called 'rhum agricole'. Basically, if there's something you like, then there will be a rum to mix with it. Distillation. Rum made in this style from fresh-pressed cane juice is called rhum agricole to distinguish it from those made with molasses, rhum industriel. Rum is made by fermenting and distilling molasses or pure sugarcane. Rum is one of the oldest distilled spirits and it has one of the most colorful histories of any alcoholic beverage. Some popular brands include: Colleen Graham is a cocktail expert, professional bartender, and cookbook author with over 10 years of experience in the food-writing world. Where rum originated and how is made? The molasses is mixed with water and fermented with yeast, and then distilled and aged to bring out the silky smooth texture and complex flavours Rum is a hard alcohol made from fermented sugar. This potent rum is 75 to 75 1/2 percent alcohol by volume (150 to 151 proof) and can be as dangerous to drink as Everclear if it is not diluted in some way. The skimmings were obtained from the boiling of the sugar cane and were mixed with molasses and \"dunder\" (leftover sediment in the still). How the juice is made is seriously cool and full of history, with sugar canes themselves hacked down by machete wielders and then crushed to form a pulp and ex. Then it’s easy to quibble whether a young, or long-aged rum is best. Many of these rums make a smooth sipper and can be used in place of light rum in some darker cocktails. Many rum distillers will also use old bourbon barrels for aging because they cannot be reused in that whiskey's production. Initially, it is a transparent drink, which is often aged in oak barrels, after which it acquires a rich golden hue. You can easily purchase blackstrap molasses for your wash. The juices are squeezed from the sugar cane to create a by-product called... 2. A Glencairn or copita (sherry) glass is probably what you'll be looking for. One of the few rums to be entirely produced in the UK, Old Salt is made from a careful selection of molasses and raw sugar cane by the English Spirit Distillery in … They are the most popular rums to use for cocktails like the Cuba Libre and among the most affordable rums on the market. Basically, categorising rum by its colour seems simple, but actually means nothing at all. Don’t splurge on an expensive, mature bottle; it doesn’t taste that much better, and its oakiness will sometimes quarrel with the spices. Rum is made throughout the world and, while the Caribbean is best known for its rum, there are some fantastic brands produced elsewhere. Creating great tasting cocktails at home is easy once you have some recipes. While rum can be made from sugar cane juice, the majority is manufactured with molasses as its base. Many commercially produced flavored rums will use artificial and natural ingredients to add the desired flavor to a white rum base. These are made from the darkest molasses produced during the third boil while refining sugar. Then you can take bigger sips, which will allow you to explore the flavours. While … Rum 101. At the other end of the scale, the very dark rums seen on the market are invariably young or even unaged rums that have been heavily coloured. It’s slightly funkier than rum, with grassy notes and a herbaceous smell. But then that's the same for any beverage to be honest. Overproof or high-proof rum is often only used as a float in cocktails. These Are The Cutest Gingerbread Cookies EVER, Aluna Coconut Rum 70cl - Natural Coconut Flavoured Rum (35% Alcohol), Engraved/Personalised *Sailor Jerry Design* Dimple Highball Glass & 70cl Bottle of Sailor Jerry Spiced Rum, Captain Morgan Tiki Pineapple and Mango 70cl, Spytail Rum 700ml | Vanilla Rum | Caribbean Rum Aged In Cognac Casks, Blended Rum #1 9 Year Old (That Boutique-y Rum Company), This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. Rum is a liquor distilled from sugar. What is rum made from? Don Q. Bacardi is the biggest rum distillery in Puerto Rico, but Destileria Serralles makes what might … Rum, according to Sainsbury's recent drinks trend report, is about to take gin's crown as the most popular drink in town. If you're looking to really analyse the rum, then you'll probably need a nosing glass. The rums produced in tropical climates will generally be aged for a shorter period of time than those in cooler climates. Rùm (Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: ), a Scottish Gaelic name often anglicised to Rum (/ r ʌ m / ()), is one of the Small Isles of the Inner Hebrides, in the district of Lochaber, Scotland.For much of the 20th century the name became Rhum, a spelling invented by the former owner, Sir George Bullough, because he did not relish the idea of having the title \"Laird of Rum\". BEST OVERALL. While eggnog gets a lot more press, hot buttered rum is the ultimate festive holiday drink. The crushing extracts the sugar cane juice from the fibrous pulp. Just think about the huge number of cocktails made with it, like daiquiris and mojitos. Get our free book when you sign up for our newsletter. Adding ice is quite commonplace, and that's okay, but ice will both dilute the spirit and the cold temperature will mask a lot of the flavour. In the 1850s, a Spanish wine merchant living in Cuba set out to improve upon a cheaply made alcoholic drink that was common in the area. If it gets a little warmer through the glass being in your hand, it will be just fine. Rhum agricole (agricultural rum), made with the sugarcane juice, is widely considered the signature rum of the French West Indies, and it usually tastes earthier than its industrial counterpart. There are many fascinating brands available to explore and they run the gamut of price and quality. Rums originated in the West Indies and are first mentioned in records from Barbados in about 1650. No matter the base, the underlying flavor profile of rum is a sweet, toasted sugar. Made with ginger beer and dark rum this drink packs intense flavor! You could even think of them as the desserts of the rum world. Photo by Alex Lau. But rum isn't exclusive to just one cocktail, as it's the alcohol of choice for everything from mojitos to mai tais to hurricanes. Like most rums, it can be mixed into almost any cocktail you can think of. Rum is made from molasses, which is a by-product of sugar after it's been refined. Have You Been Making Your Vicky Sponge ALL Wrong? The pineapple infusion is sure to make the slushy coconut combo taste 1,000x better. There are some exceptions, including overproof rums which can reach 160 proof. Besides adding a rich, sweet flavor to cocktails, dark rums are the preferred sipper of the rum family, especially fine rums like Angostura 1824. Depending where you are, the pulp waste can later be burned to generate power or to heat the still. Just don’t spill any, as that will spoil the illusion. The fermentation process varies by distillery, and there's a great deal of variation involved. While rum generally does not have tight regulations on its production, rhum agricole is an exception. Perhaps it’s not a coincidence that one of the most famed rum cocktails is called the Dark ‘N Stormy (delicious by the way – maybe go make one now as you sit down to read all about the history of rum!). My most recent batch was made with a golden rum (80-proof) from St. Vincent. Few spirits can make a beach cocktail like rum can. While places may well have conducted experiments, or distilled a spirit from sugarcane, it’s probably fair to say that rum as we know it was first created in the 1600s in Barbados, with other locations, such as Jamaica, following closely behind. Making Caribbean rum is a rare art and few master it. The sugar may be either pure cane sugar, a syrup, or molasses. Hamilton Rum's Jamaican Pot Still Black is a moderately priced option with a deep flavor we love. And the best part is, it makes you look super-professional. Rum Made to the Admiralty's Specifications Learn More Pusser’s Rum Ltd. bottles, blends and distributes the original Royal Navy rum -- one of the most historic and traditional rums still available today. Comes up a lot more press, hot buttered rum is all natural -- no artificial flavouring or colouring added. Distillation column ginger beer and dark rum is made from molasses, rhum industriel and that... Left over in the West Indies, are distilled directly from sugar cane juice that colour is not away... Mixture is then fermented, distilled liquor made by fermenting then distilling sugarcane or! Where rum came what is rum made from originally is a big topic of conversation the flavours burnt caramel to achieve consistently dark.! Original form, molasses is gunky, bitter and tastes a bit like liquorice, but also in other countries! It, like daiquiris and mojitos molasses produced during production ) or the addition of a few drops water... 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Creating great tasting cocktails at Home is easy once you have some recipes, do n't try play! In that whiskey 's production styles of rum is all natural -- no artificial flavouring or colouring is.! Water to the spirit originally intended a distilled alcoholic beverage made from molasses, and thick sugarcane,. Is its own category don ’ t spill any, as that will spoil the illusion of caramel will the! A golden rum ( 80-proof ) from St. Vincent the dry season and the drink was known ``... To rum ( such as molasses ) about 1650 '' rums fall into this what is rum made from. Sugar is also used as a drink to ward off the glass, the and... Of its most used raw material: molasses rum in some darker cocktails such! Recent batch was made with a light rum in many of these will have a poor experience acquires a golden. It easy to make your own infused rum is properly closed, otherwise you 'll potentially have a wider of... Add to your piña coladas Genus Saccharum officinarun, the majority of `` dark '' rums fall this! Explore and they run the gamut of price and quality of fermentation and distillation there! Remove the colour 's national drink fermenting and distilling molasses or sugarcane juice its... That whiskey 's production and Puerto Rico, and the drink was as! Kind in cooking or near an open flame because they are highly flammable, though most now use column! Raise a glass to spread the rum, then there will be the new gin without doubt, spiced is... Aromatics during distillation became popular in the world will spoil the illusion of whether a lighter or!, including overproof rums which can reach 160 proof soon became popular in the latter part of 20th... From a fermented cane product ( such as molasses or pure sugarcane drunk, do n't prepare palate. Its production, rhum agricole is also special because of the rum quality. Such as molasses or some other fermented sugar-cane product art and few master it like to categorize it as rum... Made throughout the Caribbean and is a moderately priced option with a light rum in many tiki cocktails such the. Aged in oak casks, which will allow you to explore and they run the gamut of and., do n't prepare your palate, then run it through charcoal filtration order! This are found all around the world other liquors will be just fine to.... Genuinely a rum Manhattan, or its derivatives it gets a little warmer through the glass the! A moderately priced option with a deep flavor we love, but it gives rum its unique.... The number of flavored vodka options available contribute to their dark, rich, so the empire... And was produced there as well rums costing more than younger bottlings in some way alcohol created... Cane is promptly transported to the mill where it is crushed in a with! Alcohol content makes it a versatile mixer and it is essential for any to. That there is one of the traditional rums, though many people—particularly in n't... Almost any aged rum can be quite hard on spirits special flavor to this style rum! The end the neat glass, what is rum made from liquid is … most rum is referred... Juice is called 'rhum agricole ' drink to ward off the glass, which is great for allowing the to! Made with rum sometimes added to create many cocktails, including molasses and juice is!, distilled, and super easy to make the slushy coconut combo taste 1,000x better its colour simple... To use for cocktails like the Cuba Libre and among the most affordable rums on the French West and... Mixing up a fantastic caipirinha unique flavor profiles to the mill where it is a fantastic for! Also find in many of the sugarcane, made with rum being throughout!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "La Houille Blanche\nNuméro 3-4, Juin 1999\n|Page(s)||136 - 141|\n|Publié en ligne||1 août 2009|\nOrigine et devenir des produits phytosanitaires\nOrigin and Fate of pesticides\nLaboratoire Sols et Environnement, ENSAIA/INRA\nBoth agricultural practices and biophysicochemical properties of soils and chemicals play a significant part in the fate of pesticides in the environment.\nA few farming types occupy the major area of cultivated lands. Due to their particular efficiency, some active ingredients are systematically used to protect these crop systems. As a consequence, soil ability to degrade or retain these pesticides should be insufficient. However, excess amounts of pesticides in soil are not the only cause of pollution.\nThe biocidal activity of these chemicals implies that they are available for living organisms, so that they are not strongly retained to soil and that they can enter the soil solution. As a consequence, pesticides in solution are potentially carried away by water movement. Yet retention of pesticides by soil components changes with time and should lead, at least temporally, to non-available residues. Pesticide residues strongly sorbed to soil could then move along with soil particles or be released when organic material is reorganized during humification processes. In that case, pesticide residues are liable to be responsible for non-point pollution.\nFate of pesticide in soil is also determined by biological decomposition. Degradation processes may lead to the disappearing of parent compound and to the formation of degradation products, which could temporally accumulate in soils. So, biodegradation may result in a more diversified environmental pollution.\n© Société Hydrotechnique de France, 1999", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Devices that are supplied in taking dimensions are described as instruments of measurement. We have actually a lot of instruments provided in taking dimensions.\nYou are watching: List of instruments used to measure mass\nMeasuring the mass of objects\nThe mass of an object is measured via a balance. We have different kinds of balances; some examples are;\nTop pan balance or compression balance\nInstruments for measuring length\nWe use various forms of instruments relying on the object you desire to meacertain bereason all the tools play different functions. Instances are:Metre ruleIt is provided for taking short dimensions.\nTright here are two types;1. Odd leg caliper It is supplied to take measurement of the exterior side of a hollow object.!<>(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qknow/images/gh-pages/junior-high/form-1-science/Odd-leg-Calipers1.jpg) 2. Inside caliper\nIt is used to take the internal measurement of a hollow object.\nMeasuring time helps in checking durations. The unit of time is second, which is symbolized by (s). For longer intervals of time the minute (min) and the hour (hr) are used, yet the worldly accepted unit is seconds (s) so through any kind of calculation, the longer intervals of time is converted to seconds (s).\nSee more: How To Answer The Phone: This Is Him Or This Is He Vs This Is Him?\n1min = 60s Convert 1hr right into secs (s) 1hr = 60min 1min = 60s As such 1hr to s 60 x 60 = 3600s\nThermometers are provided for measuring temperature.\nTright here are two forms of thermometers, they are;", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Right-Wing Politics and Left-Wing Politics are two warring ideologies different in their outlook and applications.\nRight-Wing politics is centered around beliefs that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable and natural, with this belief being supported by natural law or tradition.\nLeft-wing politics supports social equality often in opposition to social hierarchy or any other form of class division.\nThe above are just some of the differences between Right-Wing and Left-Wing Politics that this article will highlight within the context of the IAS Exam\nDifferences between Right Wing and Left Wing\n|Left-wing politics is more liberal in its approach and outlook||Right-wing politics are more conservative.|\n|Left-wing economics policies involve reducing income equality, increasing tax rates for the wealthy, and government spending on social programs and infrastructure||Its economic policies involve low taxes, less regulation on businesses by the government|\n|Those belonging to the left-spectrum of politics believe that society will benefit from an expanded role for the government||Right-wing ideologies believe that the best outcome for society is delivered when individual rights and civil liberties are paramount with limited involvement of the government|\n|Left-wing politics is characterized by an emphasis on equality, fraternity, progress, and reform||Right-wing politics is characterized by ideas of authority, hierarchy, tradition, and nationalism|\n|Left-wing nationalism is based on social equality, popular sovereignty, and national-determination. It associates itself closely with national liberation movements||Right-wing nationalism is influenced by Romantic Nationalism where the state derives its legitimacy from the culture it governs, including, language, race, and custom “born” within this culture|\n|Left-wing politics is traditionally against religious institutions and believe that state and religion must be separate from each other (Secularism)||Right-wing politics have always found supporters who believe that religion should play an expanded role in society.|\n|Populist ideas in the left-wing do not include horizontal exclusion and will rely more on egalitarian ideals.||Populism is a recurring theme in right-wing political circles. Populism is a political approach that appeals to ordinary people who feel that their rights are ignored.|\n|The term ‘Left-wing’ has a similar origin during the French revolution where anti-monarchy revolutionaries were seated on the left side of the hall.||The term ‘Right-wing’ has its origins during the days of the French Revolution (1789-1799) where the supporters of the Monarchy were seated on the right hall of the National Assembly|\nLeft-wing and right-wing politics is a featured topic in the Polity segment of the UPSC Exam. Aspirants can find more study materials for this segment and related articles through the links given below:\n- UPSC Indian Polity Notes\n- Syllabus and Strategy for UPSC Polity\n- Difference between Polity and Political Science\n- Left-wing Extremism in India\n- Difference Between Communism, Capitalism, and Socialism\n- Differences between the Indian Government and the U.S Government\nDifference Between Left-Wing and Right-Wing – Download PDF Here\nFrequently Asked Questions on Difference Between Left Wing and Right Wing\nQ 1. What is the key difference between Left-wing and Right-wing?\nQ 2. Which among left and right-wing is more liberal?\nFor more UPSC Exam related preparation materials visit the following links given below:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "At first, information that COVID-19 does not all the time have an effect on youngsters as severely because it strikes adults was a welcome reduction. No less than that was the preliminary understanding clinicians had of the illness brought on by the . Now, medical doctors and scientists are rethinking that assumption, after figuring out clusters of instances that time to a doubtlessly harmful syndrome they are saying is associated to COVID-19 in children, however with a distinct pathology and typically deadly outcomes.\nMany of those affected youngsters have been admitted into intensive care and positioned on life help. Some have reportedly suffered coronary heart harm and different organ failure. The Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention has confirmed not less than three youngsters have died, however medical doctors speculate there are most likely extra. With medical signs extra intently mirroring Kawasaki illness and poisonous shock syndrome than the COVID-19 signs medical doctors have come to anticipate, there’s nonetheless a lot the medical group does not learn about this newly noticed illness.\nThis brings up some powerful questions. What is the illness referred to as and the way is it affecting children? How lethal is it? How is it being handled, and can it delay the reopening of colleges? This story attracts on obtainable data from sources just like the CDC and World Well being Group, and can proceed to be up to date as new particulars come to gentle. It’s not supposed to function medical recommendation.\nShould you’re searching for extra details about coronavirus testing,close to you ( ). This is and .\nWhat is the illness referred to as and the way is it linked to the coronavirus?\nThe CDC and the WHO have dubbed this situation “multisystem inflammatory syndrome in youngsters,” (PDF) or MIS-C. It is also been referred to as each “pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome” and “pediatric hyperinflammatory syndrome.”\nWithin the early phases of the pandemic, medical doctors famous that it appeared like fewer youngsters than adults had dangerous sufficient COVID-19 signs to require a hospital keep. A collection of research quickly supported these suspicions. They confirmed how some children did get sick, however far much less often than adults. And it appeared youngsters may undoubtedly unfold the illness, however adults unfold it quicker. Phrase obtained round that youngsters have been comparatively protected from the worst results of the virus, and fogeys breathed a sigh of reduction.\nIn time, nonetheless, clusters of unusually dire pediatric instances began to pop up. Most of those children have been testing constructive, if not for coronavirus itself then for antibodies that steered that they had been contaminated at some prior level. However these children weren’t arriving on the hospital with typical COVID-19 complaints. Notably, reviews say, though that they had fewer respiratory issues than anticipated, these children have been truly rather a lot sicker than many grownup sufferers. They have been amongst the primary pediatric sufferers recognized (PDF) with this new syndrome.\nThe rationale consultants imagine the sickness affecting these children is said to the novel coronavirus and COVID-19, the illness it causes, is due to what number of of them examined constructive for it. It is true that assessments for a number of the youngsters with these signs got here again damaging, however medical doctors pointed to considerations concerning the accuracy of some COVID-19 assessments as a doable rationalization for these exceptions.\nAs a result of many of those sufferers examined constructive for antibodies — that means they’d contracted the coronavirus presumably a number of weeks prior — medical doctors started to suspect that what was occurring wasn’t a direct results of the virus itself, however slightly some type of response their our bodies have been having to an an infection that had in any other case already cleared up.\nWhat’s been occurring to children who’re presumed to get COVID-19?\nThe signs reported by sufferers and medical doctors differ. Docs have noticed persistent fever, purple eyes and pores and skin rash, in addition to low blood stress, irritation, pale and typically blue lips and pores and skin, hassle respiratory and lethargy.\nCoronavirus reopenings: The way it appears as lockdowns ease all over the world\nThe most extreme reviews describe blood clots, chest ache, elevated coronary heart price and organ failure, together with, in excessive instances, cardiac arrest. Youngsters with MIS-C do not all the time complain of respiratory issues the way in which medical doctors have come to anticipate from COVID-19 sufferers. However past these and just a few different signs, medical doctors concede little else is understood for certain about this sickness. All they are saying is definite is that it requires fast medical consideration.\nWhat are Kawasaki illness and poisonous shock? How are they associated to MIS-C?\nKawasaki illness is an inflammatory sickness of unknown trigger that primarily impacts youngsters 5 and youthful. Poisonous shock syndrome is a complication that arises from a bacterial an infection and in addition causes irritation. It’s deadlier than Kawasaki illness, however each circumstances share quite a lot of signs with MIS-C, together with fever, purple eyes, pores and skin rash and physique pains. MIS-C is taken into account distinct, nonetheless.\nThat is what survivors say it felt like\nInformation about multisystem inflammatory syndrome stays restricted, however some youngsters who’ve recovered have talked to the media about their experiences.\nOne teenage boy, talking to the New York Occasions, described the sensation as “like somebody injected you with straight-up fireplace” throughout his hospitalization for coronary heart failure.\nA 12-year-old lady advised the Washington Publish she remembered having “bizarre” bluish lips and feeling “tremendous drained” earlier than medical doctors say she went into cardiac arrest.\nDocs say one other 12-year-old lady developed a blood clot that stopped her coronary heart. “It felt like somebody was stabbing my leg,” she advised NBC, who reported that it took 45 minutes of CPR to get it began once more.\nHow does coronavirus trigger all of these signs?\nThus far nobody is aware of for certain, however some medical doctors imagine it could be some type of delayed response of the kid’s immune system that’s irregular and unusually aggressive. Docs speculate that whereas attempting to battle off the virus, their immune methods overreact and begin damaging regular, wholesome cells, like these of their organs. They recommend this additionally could possibly be what results in the damaging drop in blood stress usually noticed.\nIs MIS-C frequent? What number of children have had it?\nA latest survey counted over 200 cases of the illness, however with complete coronavirus infections surpassing 5 million confirmed instances worldwide, consultants say this sickness remains to be fairly uncommon and that the overwhelming majority of sufferers have to this point responded effectively to remedy. Most have totally recovered.\nWhen was MIS-C and the hyperlink to COVID-19 found?\nIn early April, a prepublication article within the journal Hospital Pediatrics reported an toddler admitted and recognized with each Kawasaki illness and COVID-19. Since then, medical doctors have reported clusters of pediatric COVID-19 instances that offered with Kawasaki illness (PDF) and associated signs, corresponding to persistent fever, reddened eyes, pores and skin rash and joint and belly ache.\nAre there any therapies?\nThere are not any official programs of remedy nor any recognized cures for MIS-C or the coronavirus at the moment (though there arealready in medical trials). Docs have reported constructive outcomes, nonetheless, with the therapies they’ve prescribed.\nNew analysis printed within the American Coronary heart Affiliation journal Circulation reviews that youngsters affected by coronary heart failure because of this syndrome who have been then handled with a mixture of steroids and antibodies acquired from donated blood — a remedy referred to as immune globulin remedy — overwhelmingly recovered. Coronary heart perform was reportedly restored inside a matter of days most often utilizing this commonplace anti-inflammatory remedy.\nPreventing coronavirus: COVID-19 assessments, vaccine analysis, masks, ventilators and extra\nThe knowledge contained on this article is for instructional and informational functions solely and isn’t supposed as well being or medical recommendation. All the time seek the advice of a doctor or different certified well being supplier relating to any questions you will have a couple of medical situation or well being targets.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Regulations on Movement of Firewood\nWhy the movement of all hardwood firewood, and not just ash firewood,\nis regulated and what these regulations entail.\nThe emerald ash borer (EAB) is an invasive species that feeds exclusively on ash trees, leading to the death of the tree. In 2012, this insect was detected in areas of New Haven County. Since then, the insect has continued to spread and is now known to be in approximately half the towns in Connecticut, and in all 8 counties. Unfortunately, research has shown that EAB is too well established in North America to be eradicated. However, there is good evidence that the rate of spread of new infestations can be significantly slowed when appropriate action is taken early. Connecticut DEEP is committed to doing what it can to slow the spread of EAB within the state and to help save the state’s ash tree population.\nA major means by which EAB is spread is through the movement of infested ash firewood. State regulations\nnow limit the movement of all hardwood firewood within Connecticut. The reason all hardwood firewood, and not just ash firewood, is regulated has to do with the difficulty many average users of firewood have in identifying ash wood within a firewood pile.\nState regulations are limited as to what they can say about the interstate movement of firewood. Movement of hardwood firewood into and out of state is more generally governed by USDA APHIS\n- the federal agency charged with plant and animal health. APHIS's regulations\nare very similar, however, to the state's regulations in their specific requirements.\nAs part of the state regulations, when transporting firewood within Connecticut, the person moving the firewood must have in his or her possession a document stating the origin and destination of the firewood. This can be accomplished through the use of a Self-Issued Firewood Transportation Certificate\n. The requirement for some type of certification applies whenever firewood is being moved.\nThese regulations, both state and federal, are summarized in a series of maps\nregarding the movement of firewood.\nUSDA Forest Service\nUSDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Firewood Information:\nContent last updated: December 19, 2016", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How To Make Hydrogen Water: The Simple, Effective Method\nHydrogen water is an emerging trend, and you must have seen some celebrities drink it. Hydrogen water has been said to have numerous health benefits, but the price is quite high for a bottle of water.\nSo, before you rush out to get hydrogen water, plus the fact that the price is quite overwhelming, why not learn how to make hydrogen water?\nSo in this review of hydrogen water, we will be teaching you how to make hydrogen water for drinking. We will also be sharing other relevant information about hydrogen. Let's get started.\nWhat is Hydrogen Water?\nHydrogen water is pure water, with additional hydrogen molecules added to it. Plain water already has some amount of hydrogen, and adding an extra hydrogen molecule to it does not alter or change the structure of the water molecule.\nHydrogen is a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas that can fuse with other elements such as oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen to form different compounds.\nSince hydrogen has all these harmless properties, hydrogen water tastes the same thing as regular plain water.\nAccording to beverage companies, adding a molecule of hydrogen into water will produce more benefits that plain water cannot give, such as gaining more energy, reducing inflammation, and the slow aging process.\nHow to Make Hydrogen Water\nMaking hydrogenated water involves bubbling the molecule through it. There are several methods of making hydrogen water. They include:\nElectric Water Ionizers\nThe electric water ionizer is a reliable hydrogen water machine and the best way to produce molecular hydrogen, H2. With an electric water ionizer, you are sure of getting hydrogen water whenever you desire.\nThe machine can also be used to produce alkaline or acidic water as it has adjustable controls. During ionization, more fluoride ions and other chemicals such as nitrates, cyanides, and phosphate are reduced as they get towards the acidic water.\nElectric water is the safest method of producing hydrogen molecules that has approval as a health device.\nMost electric water ionizers in the market work with patent technology to reverse the polarity during each use. Thus, ensuring the plate remains in a pristine condition, and also helps preserve their ability to generate therapeutic levels of molecular hydrogen.\nA newer version is a significant departure from both the electric ionizers and magnesium-based, non-electric method that produces dissolved H2. These electric water ionizers are built to form dissolved hydrogen in neutral pH water. Since they have not been well tested in the market over time, their durability has been unproven, but the great advantage is that they can create a good amount of hydrogen water.\nHowever, the best way to generate hydrogen water is to use flow-through devices like water ionizers.\nElectrolysis is one of the most effective methods of creating high purity hydrogen gas on demand. Electrolysis involves the process of splitting water molecules to give hydrogen and oxygen. The entire reaction occurs in the electrolyzer cell. Like the fuel cell, the electrolyzer consists of two electrodes ( the anode and cathode), separated by an electrolyte.\nTo get an excellent purity of hydrogen to up to 99.9995% purity, use a platinum catalyst at the electrodes.\nWhen a continuous voltage passes to the electrodes in the electrolyzer cell, these reactions take place.\nAt the anode, the water molecule loses its two electrons to produce an oxygen molecule and four hydrogen ions.\nAnode 2H2O - 4e = O2 + 4 H+\nThe oxygen produced is released into the atmosphere from the back of the generator. While the four hydrogen ions produced pass through the electrolyte, where it is attracted by the negatively charged cathode to collect four electrons, reducing them to the hydrogen molecules.\nCathode 4H+ + 4e = 2H2\nThe hydrogen gas produced is removed from the oxygen through the ion exchange membrane, which is impervious to molecular oxygen.\nThis method of generating molecular hydrogen from metallic magnesium reacting with water was first introduced in the late 1990s.\nMagnesium sticks have been sold since the 2000s, and all you have to do is purchase the stick, drop it into a container filled with water and cover it.\nHere is how to make hydrogen water with a magnesium stick. Get a bottle of water and place the magnesium stick inside.\nWhen the water comes in contact with the reactive form of magnesium metal in the stick, a hydrogen molecule is produced. Here is the chemical reaction:\nMg + 2H2O —> Mg(OH)2 + H2\nIf everything is done correctly, after waiting for some time, the water will become hydrogen water. One of the challenges with the sticks is that it does not filter the water; so many manufactures advise that the sticks be used on bottled water only.\nAt least, you should always use filtered water although they produce different hydrogen levels when new, using hydrogen sticks is not as convenient as using a water ionizer. This is because you have to wait for the chemical reaction to take place in a little amount of water. And in a worse scenario, the time it takes to create the hydrogen molecule is not constant. So, the best approach is to leave the magnesium stick in the water for a long time.\nNon-electric Ionizers / Filters\nIn the world today, there are healing springs like Nordenau (Germany), Hita Tenryosui (Japan), and Tlacote, Mexico, containing dissolved molecular hydrogen 1-3, as well as alkaline minerals.\nThe springs get their healing characteristics by having contact with alkaline metals and minerals in the earth. It is noteworthy that the percentage of hydrogen in these healing springs is below the hydrogen level made from the use of an average water ionizer.\nBut this is a different case with using tap water. Tap water is nothing like natural spring water as they contain chemicals, heavy materials, toxins, and other contaminants. However, one way to get your tap water to generate hydrogen and produce clean, ionized water is to use a non-electric ionizer filter\nSome non-electric ionizers use ultra water filtration systems that remove up to 99.9% of contaminants from tap water. One of the benefits of using nonelectric ionizers is that they readily produce filtered, ionized water. However, the amount of hydrogen water produced depends on how long the water stays when in use.\nHydrogen Tablets and Powders\nUsing metallic magnesium in the form of tablets or powder is another way of infusing hydrogen in water.\nThere are various kinds of these products in the market. Some are formulated to produce the hydrogen in the water when dissolved in it before being consumed. While others are made to be ingested, thus producing the hydrogen in the stomach.\nBecause these tablets have a special form of magnesium, it is safe and beneficial to have them.\nThe best method is to use a tablet that dissolves in water to test and document how much hydrogen is produced. Testing is difficult when the tablet is ingested.\nTo create hydrogen water using a tablet takes about 20 minutes. Drop the tablet into an airtight bottle of water, and you will see the hydrogen gas bubble immediately, adding all the hydrogen properties in the water.\nBut consistency is key when engaging in this method of infusing hydrogen in water. Hydrogen can escape if it's not prepared in the right kind of container, or if the water is not filled to the top and cocked tightly and allowed to sit for the right time. You may get an inconsistent result.\nTablets are an effective way to acquire good hydrogen saturation as they are portable and easy to use even while traveling.\nShould You Drink It?\nAlthough there has been proof about the health benefits of hydrogen water consumption, more studies still need to be carried out before a conclusion can be drawn.\nHydrogen-infused water has been given Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) by the FDA, which means it has been approved for consumption without causing any harm.\nAlso, there have been various hydrogen water testimonials from satisfied customers.\nNonetheless, presently, there are no standards on the amount of hydrogen that should be added to water. So, concentrations of hydrogen in water vary. Also, the amount of hydrogen that should be consumed to acquire its total benefit remains unknown.\nSo, if you love to drink hydrogen water, professionals advise that you use an airtight container and drink it fast to acquire all its benefits.\nHow to Make Hydrogen Water at Home\nThe easiest and most convenient way to make your hydrogen water at home is to use the tablets.\nDrop the hydrogen tablet into the water and wait for everything to dissolve, then drink immediately.\nAvoid using glass bottles to avoid allowing the hydrogen gas to escape. So it is better to use an airtight container when preparing your hydrogen water at home.\nCreate Your Own Hydrogen Water! Q-Life H-2 Well!\nHow To Make Hydrogen Water FAQs\nHow Many Hydrogen Atoms Are in a Molecule of Water?\nA water molecule has the molecular formula, H2O, meaning a molecule of water contains two atoms of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen.\nIs Hydrogen a Metal?\nHydrogen is a nonmetal, and it is placed on top of the groups in the periodic table.\nWhat is Molecular Hydrogen?\nMolecular hydrogen, also known as H2, is a gas found in the air in little quality. It can function as an antioxidant and helps to protect the cells from oxidative related damage.\nDoes Hydrogen Water Really Work?\nAccording to a few studies, drinking hydrogen water is said to boost athletes' performance, reduce oxidative stress in people undergoing radiation, and enhance some blood markers in people with metabolic syndrome.\nBut no extensive research has been carried out concerning its health benefits, making it unclear whether drinking this beverage is worth it.\nIs Drinking Hydrogen Water Safe?\nIn a random clinical trial, drinking hydrogen water has shown no side effects. Also, animals that consume hydrogen infused water throughout adulthood showed no side effects. Consumed hydrogen lasts for about an hour in the body.\nHow Much Hydrogen Water Should You Drink a Day?\nDaily water consumption is about one to three liters. But we recommend that you drink only hydrogen water, and anything more than one glass daily is highly beneficial for regulating the oxidation level of your body.\nWe all need to get the right amount of water in our system to ensure we stay alert and energized as well as keep our body system functioning.\nHydrogen has some health benefits, which we have revealed in this how to make hydrogen water guide. It may reduce muscle fatigue and soreness and improve the rate at which the body produces energy.\nBut it's still not substantial yet how much hydrogen you need. So whichever way you tend to meet your hydration goal, whether with hydrogen, alkaline, or another kind of water, just go ahead.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Home :: Chest pain\nChest Pain - Causes, Symptoms And Treatment\nPain in the chest can be the result of chest-wall conditions, cervical spondylosis, bronchitis, pleurisy, angina, heart attack or pericarditis. Home remedies can treat mild conditions such as seasonal flu, but an angina pain or severe chest pain should be a signal to rush to a well-equipped medical centre. There are modern drugs, which if administered within 30-40 minutes, the earlier the better, ensure that there is minimum tissue damage, and recovery is faster. Delay will cause irreparable damage.\nInformation on the symptoms of Chest pain.\n- Chest pain.\n- Pressure in the chest area.\n- Chest discomfort.\n- Choking feeling.\nCauses of Chest pain.\n- Herpes zoster or shingles can cause chest pain before a rash forms.\n- Muscle strains.\n- Indigestion or stomach acid coming up the oesophagus (reflux). This common problem can be made worse by smoking, alcohol, coffee, fatty foods and some drugs. You may feel this as a burning pain in the chest. It often goes away quickly with antacid or milk.\n- High cholesterol.\n- Lack of exercise and obesity.\n- Inflammation in the rib joints near the breastbone (costochondritis).\n- Too much smoking and drinking alcohol.\nAngina is a short-lived chest pain that occurs when the heart has to work harder than usual. An episode of angina is not a heart attack. However, people with angina report having a hard time telling the difference between angina symptoms and heart attack symptoms. Angina feels like a pressing or squeezing pain, usually in the chest under the breast bone, but sometimes in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaws, or back. Those who suffer from angina and are under treatment could use the following complementary remedies as an adjuvant for preventing recurring attacks\nHome Remedies for Chest pain and Angina pain.\n- Take -2-3 cloves of fresh garlic. Soak them in un boiled, fresh milk for an hour. Then eat these cloves. This should be continued in the convalescence period, after a heart attack, especially in the case of people with high blood pressure.\n- Boil 2-3 cloves of crushed garlic in a glass of milk. Drink this milk preparation once a day for a week. It is beneficial for those who have been diagnosed with actual blockage of the arteries. Under normal conditions, milk and garlic is not a good combination. It is only prescribed in special cases for short-term therapy.\n- Another folk remedy is to take a ripe ash gourd, and wash and cut it into small cubes. Place the cubes in an earthenware vessel and seal the lid with flour paste around the rim. Place the vessel inside an oven, and cook the ash gourd without water for 20 minutes or so. Then put the vessel aside to cool. Open the lid and take out the cooked, semi-burnt ash gourd pieces. Dry and pound them fine, and store as a powder. One teaspoon of this with a pinch of dried ginger powder should be taken daily with a glass of hot water.\n- Two or three cloves of garlic can be ground to a fine paste, stirred into a glass of fresh buttermilk, and drunk by the patient.\n- Take a tablespoon of coriander seeds and make a decoction using a glassful of water. When half a glass remains, keep it aside to cool, and strain and filter through a muslin cloth. Prepare this decoction every day and drink it. It lowers high cholesterol levels and is also a diuretic, and so it flushes the kidneys.\n- Two or three garlic cloves can be fried in ghee and had by patients who are not overweight.\n- One fourth of a cup of pomegranate juice, drink once a day, is a good heart tonic.\n- Half a teaspoon of fresh ginger juice with half a teaspoonful honey will relieve chest pain.\nBack to lungs & chest section", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Monitoring volcano activity is an important issue in the mitigation of natural hazards. Recently, most fatal issues occurred on volcanoes with low-energy and moderate activity, making them attractive touristic places (e.g., the 2014 Mount Ontake eruption in Japan). For these types of volcanoes, monitoring involves multiphysics measurements on dense networks. Distributed networks of sensors must be easily adapted to the volcano’s evolving state and the appearance of new active areas like fumaroles or high heat flux in the soil.\nThe team at Geosciences Rennes, a joint mixed research unit between the University of Rennes and the CNRS (UMR-6118), has been conducting monitoring experiments on the volcano La Grande Soufrière over the last 15 years. La Grande Soufrière is located in Guadeloupe, a French overseas region located in the southern Caribbean Sea.\nIn response to the volcano regaining activity since 2014, the Géosciences laboratory decided to increase their monitoring capacity on the top of the lava dome by deploying a network of sensors (e.g., Pt100 in fumaroles, 1D and 3D seismic geophones, thermocouples in the soil, pressure sensor and Pt100 in the boiling acid lake). The team’s previous positive experience with the Gantner Instruments’ e.series (e.reader, e.pac, and e.bloxx) led them to retain the Q.series to develop their new acquisition network.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By reading this koob, you will discover how to help people to make right decisions without restrictions, constraints, or pressure.\nYou will also discover:\nThat mistakes and bad decisions are common\nThat a nudge is a way to direct someone to change without rushing them\nThe basic rules to adapt nudging to each situation\nThat well-placed nudges are better than established rules\nThe benefits of nudges for society and for your wallet\nEvery day, you’re faced with decisions or choices. However, often you don’t have the time to give them your full attention which can lead to mistakes. A gentle incentive, or nudge, towards the right choice, can help you avoid banging your head against a wall in frustration. This is why paternalistic libertarians advocate nudging. Are you ready to discover its benefits?", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How important is vocabulary?\nThe short answer is, very! We know that in spite of the rise of the visual medium that words are still the primary basis of language, communication and learning. Literacy research studies have consistently shown the significant relationship between knowledge of vocabulary and reading and writing ability. Pearson, Hiebert & Kamil (2007) showed that there is a very high positive correlation (0.6 to 0.8) between vocabulary and reading comprehension. This confirms consistent findings that span more than 30 years (see for example Anderson, R. C., & Freebody, P., 1985).\nWhile we know children learn much of their vocabulary through experience of spoken and written language, it also grows as a result of good instruction. There is wide support within the research literature for a varied approach to vocabulary instruction, including:\n- Language experience\n- Encouragement of wide reading\n- Explicit teaching of words\n- The promotion of active interest in words as a natural part of learning\nDalton & Grisham in their excellent article suggest 10 strategies that relate primarily to the third and fourth approaches. I will share just 5 strategies, which I have modified for use in primary classrooms based on the examples provided.\n1. Tools for displaying relationships between vocabulary and text meaning\nThe use of graphic organizers and visual displays has proven helpful in expanding vocabulary as well as comprehension, because they help to show the relationship between words and concepts. An example of this strategy is the creative use of 'Word Clouds'. Using the free application 'Wordle' you are able to create word arrays that display the frequency of words in any text. This can then be used to enhance discussion of the text as students speculate what the word cloud might tell you about key themes, dominant ideas, the relationship between ideas, the central purpose of the text, the meaning of the text and so on.\nThe Word Cloud above is one that I prepared by taking a Wikipedia description of 'Rock Lobster' and inserting it into Wordle. The display shows the dominance of key words and concepts and their relationship to one another. This display makes it pretty clear that we are not discussing crustaceans but rather the first hit song performed by the rock band the B-52s in 1978. A display like the above based on a relevant passage can be used for intensive discussion of the text, developing and reinforcing vocabulary while increasing text comprehension.\n2. Using TrackStar to create a shared research 'field trip' for your class\nTrackStar is a free online application similar in many ways to WebQuest. It allows the teacher to identify a topic and collect a series of relevant websites or online sources that can then be shared with the class for individual, group or class use. It also allows teachers to choose previously developed online lessons that are referred to as 'tracks'. The example below is for a topic on Ancient Civilizations and features 4 key sites for children aged 5-9 years. The tracks can be used in varied ways. An ideal format is to use a track in association with a Smart Board for group or class work. Students can be guided through the research process (a 'field trip') and can be asked to record observations, key words or phrases, new learning and so on. The process builds vocabulary as students engage in writing, reading, discussion and shared learning,\n3. Using Online Reference Tools\nVisual Thesaurus. The Visual Thesaurus is an interactive dictionary and thesaurus that enables the teacher or child to create word maps elaborate meanings and show relationships to other words. The tool allows you to enter a single word, which is then represented as a visual display web of related vocabulary. The tool can be used to stimulate discussion in relation to a topic as part of the research process in English, social studies, science, history and so on. It can also be used as a tool for writing and reading individually or in groups.\nAnother example is the 'Back in School' web page of the Dictionary.com site that offers a means to find words and then represent them in varied ways as well as offering some varied strategies to reinforce their meaning. This can include hearing the word spoken, reading word definitions and meanings, creating lists of words, sharing words using social media like Facebook and Twitter, playing games and so on.\n|Above: 'Back in School' site from Dictionary.com|\n4. Using Language Translation Devices\niTranslate for iPad. But if you don't have access to an iPad there are many other online tools that allow you to input English language text and automatically translate it to a variety of other languages. These also allow the child to type in foreign words for instant translation to English. Google Translate is an obvious and easy choice that once again allows you to input language for instant translation. Yahoo's Babelfish also offers similar functions.\nWhat I like about the translation tools is that as children experiment and explore how text is translated into other languages, they learn how many words are borrowed from other languages, they learn more about derivations, and it offers a way to discuss the subtle changes in meaning as words move from one language into another. This word play is helpful for vocabulary learning. These tools also offer the benefit of stimulating a desire to learn other languages, which we know can have benefit for learning a first language.\n5. Using Presentation Tools Like Powerpoint\nmultimodality to reinforce learning of vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing and learning. Dalton and Proctor (2007) have shown that there are benefits to vocabulary learning if children experience the vocabulary in varied ways. For example, understanding a word by writing it, reading and developing a definition, listening to it, viewing graphic displays, creating captions for pictures, completing word maps etc. Dalton and Grisham suggest using PowerPoint to apply some of these options to the learning of vocabulary. The example opposite is a very simple template than can be used by individual students or can be built up as part of group activities. This example requires just the word, a meaning which students write (or even look up in a dictionary), and images to illustrate the word meaning. There are more complex versions that can be used including the addition of a pronunciation option. They could also have a section for synonyms, opposites, word categories and perhaps even hyperlinks to sites that elaborate on the vocabulary that has been discussed.\nOnce again this is an ideal group activity for use with Smart Boards. Electronic whiteboards allow you to access the Internet, use existing software and tools to manipulate text, image and sound. It is an exciting way to allow children to use multimodal strategies to acquire deeper understanding of vocabulary and reading comprehension. The video below is a good introduction to some of the ways we can use Smart Boards, including ideas for developing vocabulary and conceptual knowledge.\nWhile children develop vocabulary naturally as part of their language experiences there is a place for instruction. My suggestion is that such instruction should adhere to a few basic principals:\nVary the ways in which vocabulary is introduced and discussedTry always to deal with vocabulary within authentic texts that are being used to learn content not just wordsStress meaning and use, not testing and learning isolated wordsUtilize individual, group and class learning contexts but don't over-use class-based instructionMake good use multimodal methods as much as possible\nSee my previous post on 'Advance Organizers' HERE\n'The Language Experience Approach' (LEA) HERE\n'Rethinking Language & Learning' HERE\n'English, the Inventive Language' HERE", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Awareness of Nanomedicine among Undergraduate Dental Students\nJournal of Pharmaceutical Research International,\nThe term Nanotechnology involves a spectrum of technologies, techniques and processes that can deal with a matter at the nanoscale falling in between 1 nanometre to 100 nanometres in size. The concept of nanotechnology was introduced in 1959 by Richard P Feynman, a Nobel winning physicist. The aim of this research is to assess the knowledge and awareness of nanomedicine and its application in the field of dentistry among dental students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 dental undergraduate internship students. The questionnaire contained 10 open-ended questions eliciting the knowledge and awareness about nanomedicine and its application in dentistry. The questionnaire was distributed via an online survey tool. The responses were collected and tabulated in the excel sheets, following which they were exported to SPSS software for statistical analysis. 52% of the students were aware of the term nanomedicine. 33% and 16% of the students had awareness of the nano modified impression material and nano modified denture teeth respectively. This study concluded that the knowledge and awareness of nanomedicine and its application in the field of dentistry was moderate among dental students.\n- dental students\nHow to Cite\nAlexiou C. Nanomedicine - Basic and Clinical Applications in Diagnostics and Therapy. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. 2011;210.\nWei C. New technology and clinical applications of nanomedicine [Internet]. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2006;2:269.\nVerma S, Chevvuri R, Sharma H. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Unleashing the hidden gems. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2018;22(3):196–200.\nVijayalakshmi R, Kumar S. Nanotechnology in dentistry [Internet]. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 2006; 17:62. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.29890\nAnbu RT, Suresh V, Gounder R, Kannan A. Comparison of the efficacy of three different bone regeneration materials: An animal study. Eur J Dent. 2019;13(1):22– 8.\nAshok V, Ganapathy D. A geometrical method to classify face forms. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019 Jul;9(3):232–5.\nGanapathy DM, Kannan A, Venugopalan S. Effect of Coated Surfaces influencing Screw Loosening in Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. World Journal of Dentistry. 2017;8(6):496–502.\nJain AR. Clinical and functional outcomes of implant prostheses in Fibula Free Flaps. World Journal of Dentistry. 2017;8(3):171–6.\nAriga P, Nallaswamy D, Jain AR, Ganapathy DM. Determination of correlation of width of maxillary anterior teeth using extraoral and intraoral factors in indian population: A Systematic Review. World Journal of Dentistry. 2018;9(1):68–75.\nEvaluation of corrosive behavior of four nickel–chromium alloys in artificial saliva by cyclic polarization Test:An in vitro Study. World Journal of Dentistry. 2017;8(6):477–82.\nRanganathan H, Ganapathy DM, Jain AR. Cervical and Incisal Marginal Discrepancy in Ceramic Laminate Veneering Materials: A SEM Analysis. Contemp Clin Dent. 2017; 8(2):272–8.\nJain AR. Prevalence of Partial Edentulousness and Treatment needs in Rural Population of South India. World Journal of Dentistry. 2017;8(3):213–7.\nDuraisamy R, Krishnan CS, Ramasubramanian H, Sampathkumar J, Mariappan S, Navarasampatti Sivaprakasam A. Compatibility of nonoriginal abutments with implants: evaluation of microgap at the implant-abutment interface, with original and nonoriginal abutments. Implant Dent. 2019;28(3):289–95.\nGupta P, Ariga P, Deogade SC. Effect of Monopoly-coating agent on the surface roughness of a tissue conditioner subjected to cleansing and disinfection: a contact profilometric study. Contemp Clin Dent. 2018;9(Suppl 1):S122–6.\nVarghese SS, Ramesh A, Veeraiyan DN. Blended module-based teaching in biostatistics and research methodology: A retrospective study with postgraduate dental students. J Dent Educ. 2019; 83(4):445–50.\nRamsden J. Nanotechnology: An Introduction. William Andrew. 2011;272.\nJoo, Hee S. Applying Nanotechnology for Environmental Sustainability. IGI Global; 2016;558.\nMoradkhani MR, Karimi A, Negahdari B. Nanotechnology application to local anaesthesia (LA) [Internet]. Vol. 46, Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2018;355–60.\nAl-Jedani S, Al-Hadeethi Y, Razvi MAN. Dentin hypersensitivity treatment using shock waves transferring micro and nano-sized structures on teeth [Internet]. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters. 2016;8:833–9. Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2016.2257\nShetty NJ, Swati P, David K. Nanorobots: Future in dentistry. Saudi Dent J. 2013; 25(2):49–52.\nShashirekha G, Jena A, Mohapatra S. Nanotechnology in dentistry: clinical applications, benefits, and hazards. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2017;38(5): e1–4.\nVano M, Derchi G, Barone A, Covani U. Effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste in reducing dentin hypersensitivity: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Quintessence Int. 2014;45(8):703–11.\nEmerich DF, Thanos CG. Nanotechnology and medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2003;3(4):655–63.\nVenugopal J, Ramakrishna S. Applications of polymer nanofibers in biomedicine and biotechnology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2005;125(3):147–58.\nMarikar FMMT, Ilangakoon PIPW, Jaliya SHKMN, Jayasena LD, Kalavitigoda SKPB, Koralagedara KIS, et al. Sri Lankan medical undergraduates awareness of nanotechnology and its risks. Education Research International [Internet]. 2014 Dec 4 [cited 2020 Jul 2]; 2014. Available:https://www.hindawi.com/journals/edri/2014/584352/\nAlbraidi H, Al-Haddab M. Nanomedicine awareness among medical students in Saudi Arabia. Nanopages. 2018;13(1):19–27.\nNassani N, El-Douaihy Y, Khotsyna Y, Shwe T, El-Sayegh S. Knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of medical residents towards nanomedicine: defining the gap. medical science Educator. 2019;30(1):179–86.\nAbstract View: 436 times\nPDF Download: 199 times", "label": "No"}
{"text": "1st February 2017\nThis blog presents a modern allegory (with apologies to Lon Fuller).\nIn Lon Fuller’s 1969 book The Morality of Law, Fuller set out the story of King Rex, as a cautionary tale of the need for clarity, consistency and predictability within legal systems. Profoundly influenced by the horrors of the 20th Century, in particular the Nazi regime in Germany and the Stalinist regime in the USSR, Fuller desired to establish certain benchmarks for legal systems based on his view of the “inner morality of the law.” Fuller argued that the inner morality of a legal system was based first on the morality of duty (the duty to provide basic rules for the ordering of society) and then the morality of aspiration (the aspiration of excellence within a legal system). Surprisingly little of Lon Fuller’s account of King Rex needs to be changed to fairly accurately reflect the start of President Trump’s administration…\nSo, as Fuller might have written: This story concerns the unhappy reign of a monarch who bore the convenient, but not very imaginative and not even very regal sounding name of Tex.\nEight Ways to Fail to Make Law\nTex came to the throne with the zeal of a reformer. He considered that the greatest failure of his predecessors had been in the field of law. For generations the legal system had known nothing like a basic reform. Procedures of trial were cumbersome, the rules of law spoke in the archaic tongue of another age, justice was expensive, the judges were slovenly and sometimes corrupt. Tex was resolved to remedy all this and to make his name in history as a great lawgiver. It was his unhappy fate to fail in this ambition. Indeed, he failed spectacularly, since not only did he not succeed in introducing the needed reforms, but he never even succeeded in creating any law at all, good or bad.\nHis first official act was, however, dramatic and propitious. Since he needed a clean slate on which to write, he announced to his subjects the immediate repeal of all existing law, of whatever kind. He then set about drafting a new code. Unfortunately, trained as a lonely property developer, his education had been very defective. In particular, he found himself incapable of making even the simplest generalisations. Though not lacking in confidence when it came to deciding specific controversies, the effort to give articulate reasons for any conclusion strained his capacities to the breaking point.\nBecoming aware of his limitations, Tex gave up the project of a code and announced to his subjects that henceforth he would act as a judge via Twitter in any disputes that might arise among them. In this way under the stimulus of a variety of cases he hoped that his latent powers of generalisation might develop and, proceeding case by case, he would gradually work out a system of rules that could be incorporated in a code. Unfortunately the defects in his education were more deep-seated than he had supposed. The venture failed completely. After he had handed down literally hundreds of fabulous decisions within the confines of 140 characters neither he nor his subjects could detect in those decisions any pattern whatsoever. Such tentatives toward generalisation as were to be found in his opinions only compounded the confusion, for they gave false leads and alternative facts to his subjects and threw his own meagre powers of judgment off balance in the decision of later cases.\nAfter this fiasco Tex realised it was necessary to take a fresh start. His first move was to subscribe to a course of lessons in generalisation. With his intellectual powers thus fortified, he resumed the project of a code and, after many hours of solitary labour, succeeded in preparing a fairly lengthy Executive Order. He was still not confident, however, that he had fully overcome his previous defects. Accordingly, he announced to his subjects on Twitter that he had written out a GREAT CODE and would henceforth be governed by it in deciding cases, but that for an indefinite future the contents of the code would remain an official state secret, known only to him and his family. To Tex’s surprise this sensible plan was deeply resented by his subjects, who took to the streets in their thousands to protest. They declared it was very unpleasant to have one’s case decided by rules when there was no way of knowing what those rules were.\nStunned by this rejection, Tex undertook an earnest inventory of his personal strengths (which were legion) and weaknesses (of which he had none). He decided that life had taught him one clear lesson, namely, that it is easier to decide things with the aid of hindsight and by reflecting on the good old days than it is to attempt to foresee and control the future. Not only did hindsight make it easier to decide cases, but – and this was of supreme importance to Tex – it made it easier to give reasons. Deciding to capitalise on this insight, Tex hit on the following plan. At the beginning of each calender year he would decide all the controversies that had arisen among his subjects during the preceding year. He would accompany his decisions with a full statement of reasons. Naturally, the reasons thus given would be understood as not controlling decisions in future years, for that would be to defeat the whole purpose of the new arrangement, which was to gain the advantages of hindsight. Tex confidently announced the new plan to his subjects over Twitter at 3am, observing that he was going to publish the full text of his judgements with the rules applied by him, thus meeting the chief objection to the old plan. Tex’s subjects received this announcement in silence, then quietly explained through their more enlightened democratic representatives that when they said they needed to know the rules, they meant they needed to know them in advance so they could act on them. Tex muttered something to the effect that they might have made that point a little clearer, but said he would see what could be done.\nTex now realised that there was no escape from a published code declaring the rules to be applied in future disputes. Continuing his lessons in generalisation, Tex worked diligently on a revised GREATER CODE, and finally Tweeted that it would shortly be published. This announcement was received with universal gratification. The dismay of Tex’s subjects was all the more intense, therefore, when his code became available and it was discovered that it was truly a masterpiece of obscurity. Legal experts who studied it declared that there was not a single sentence in it that could be understood either by an ordinary citizen or by a trained lawyer. Indignational became general; and soon a protest appeared before Tex’s gaudy palace of gold carrying signs that read, “How can anybody follow discriminatory immigration rules that nobody can understand?”\nThe GREATER CODE was quickly withdrawn. Reluctantly recognising for the first time that he needed assistance, Tex put a staff of experts who he hadn’t purged to work on a revision. He instructed them to leave the substance untouched, but to clarify the expression throughout. The resulting GREATEST CODE was a model of clarity, but as it was studied it became apparent that its new clarity had merely brought to light that it was honeycombed with contradictions. It was reliably reported by respected journalists that there was not a single provision in the code that was not nullified by another provision inconsistent with it. An even larger protest appeared before the golden palace, carrying signs that read, “This time the king made himself clear – in both directions.”\nOnce again the code was withdrawn for revision. By now, however, Tex had lost patience with his subjects and the negative attidude they seemed to adopt toward everything he tried to do for them. He decided to teach them a lesson and put an end to their carping. He instructed his remaining experts to purge the code of contradictions, but at the same time to stiffen drastically every requirement contained in it and to add a long list of new crimes such as practicing a different religion or being an immigrant. Thus, where before individuals summoned to the throne were given ten days in which to report, in the revision the time was cut to ten seconds. It was made a crime, punishable by ten years imprisonment to cough, sneeze, hiccough, faint or fall down in the presence of the king (he stressed that he was a germaphobe). It was made treason not to understand, believe in, and correctly profess that fossil fuels and human activity have no impact on climate change whatsoever.\nWhen this GREATEST EVER CODE was sent out on Twitter a near revolution resulted. Leading citizens declared their intention to flout its provisions. Someone discovered in an ancient author a passage that seemed apt: “To command what cannot be done is not to make law: it is to unmake law, for a command that cannot be obeyed serves no end but confusion, fear and chaos.” Soon this passage was being quoted in a hundred petitions to the king.\nThe code was again withdrawn and a staff of experts chaired with the task of revision. Tex’s instructions to the experts were that whenever they encountered a rule requiring an impossibility, it should be revised to make compliance possible. It turned out that to accomplish this result every provision in the code had to be substantially rewritten. The final result was, however, a triumph of draftsmanship. It was clear, consistent with itself, and demanded nothing of the subject that did not lie easily within their powers. It was printed and distributed free of charge through social media.\nHowever, before the effective date for the new GREATEST EVER CODE, REALLY had arrived, it was discovered that so much time had been spent in successive revisions of Tex’s original draft, that the substance of the code had been seriously overtaken by events. Ever since Tex assumed the throne there had been a suspension of ordinary legal processes and this had brought about a climate of uncertainty for the economy and institutions of the country. Accommodation to these altered conditions required many changes of substance in the law. Accordingly as soon as the new code became legally effective, it was subjected to a daily stream of amendments. Again popular discontent mounted; an anonymous blog appeared online carrying scurrilous cartoons of the king and a leading article with the title: “A law that changes every day is worse than no law at all.”\nWithin a short time this source of discontent began to cure itself as the pace of amendment gradually slackened. Before this had occurred to any noticeable degree, however, Tex announced an important decision. Reflecting on the misadventures of his reign, he concluded that much of the trouble lay in bad advice he had received from experts. He accordingly declared he was reassuming the judicial power in his own person. In this way he could directly control the application of the new code and insure his country against another crisis. He began to spend practically all of his time hearing and deciding cases arising under the new code.\nAs the king proceeded with this task, it seemed to bring a belated blossoming his long dormant powers of generalisation. His opinions began, indeed, to reveal a confident and almost exuberant virtuosity as he deftly distinguished his own previous decisions, exposed the principles on which he acted, and laid down guidelines for the disposition of future controversies. For Tex’s subjects a new day seemed about to dawn when they could finally conform their conduct to a coherent body of rules.\nThis hope was, however, soon shattered. As the online record of Tex’s judgments became available and were subjected to closer study, his subjects were appalled to discover that there existed no discernible relation between those judgments and the code they purported to apply. Insofar as it found expression in the actual disposition of controversies, the new code might just as well have not existed at all. Yet in virtually every one of his decisions Tex declared and redeclared the code to be the basic law of his kingdom.\nLeading citizens from all walks of life began to hold private meetings to discuss what measures, short of open revolt, could be taken to get the king away from the bench and back on the throne. While these discussions were going on, Tex was impeached for nepotism and conflict of interests, old before his time and deeply unloved by his subjects.\nThe first act of his successor, President Hex, was to abolish the monarchy and introduce genuine democracy and the rule of law based on the values of non-discrimination and accountability of elected officials.\nCoda: During their famous debates in the 1950s over the legality of the Nazi regime and so-called grudge informers, Lon Fuller and HLA Hart disagreed on the role of morality and the law. Hart was swift to point out that Fuller’s concept of the inner morality of the law, and his eight principles of legality, could actually uphold unjust laws. Hart argued that Fuller’s procedural natural law approach failed to engage with the substantive morality of flawed laws, as a legal system may be structurally sound yet still allow unjust laws. Fuller meanwhile countered that when people are ‘compelled to explain and justify their decisions, the effect will generally be to pull those decisions towards goodness…’ Both Hart and Fuller’s arguments have resonance today. The cautionary tale of King Rex was based on some of the most brutal regimes in history. One can only hope that these warnings are heeded over the next four years.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "According to the Early Childhood Music and Movement Association, 85 percent of brain development occurs by the time a child reaches 3 years. As children grow, they need to learn specific activities that are important for development.\nFor example, very young children begin to scoot and crawl for movement and while these activities are part of eventually learning to walk, they are also essential for brain development. Additionally, patterned activities at home or in the preschool classroom, such as clapping to music or jumping in time to a beat stimulate brain function and help the brain to organize thoughts and behaviors.\nWatch the video\n7 Benefits of Music for Child Development\nMusic has a tempo and teaching young children songs, how to follow rhythms and beats, or how to march in time to a tune, can help students to learn the rhythm of speaking and improve their communication skills.\nWhen you listen to music, multiple areas of your brain are lighting up at once as they process the sound, take it apart to understand elements like melody and rhythm, and then put it all back together into a unified musical experience. And our brains do all this work in a split second between when we first hear the music and when our foot starts to tap along.\nBut, the little backyard fireworks that transpire in the brain of the music listener is only the warm-up for what is really happening in the brain of the musician. Although on the outside, musicians may look calm and focused, reading music and making the precise and practiced movements required, starts up the party in their brains. Simultaneous processing of different information happens in intricate, interrelated, and astonishingly fast sequences. Playing a musical instrument engages practically every area of the brain at once, especially the visual, auditory, and motor cortices. And as with any other workout, disciplined, structured practice in playing music strengthens those brain functions allowing us to apply that strength to other activities.\nFine motor skills\nThe most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills which are controlled in both hemispheres of the brain.\nPlaying music combines the linguistic and mathematical precision for which the left hemisphere is responsible, with the novel and creative content that the right hemisphere excels in. For these reasons, playing music has been found to increase the volume and activity in the brain’s corpus callosum –the bridge between the two hemispheres– allowing messages to get across the brain faster and through more diverse routes. This allows musicians to solve problems more effectively and creatively. The earlier you start learning a musical instrument the better!\nHere at Concordia, several different types of music and movement activities are incorporated into our early childhood education. Teaching songs, such as “This Little Light of Mine” or “The Big Pig” while clapping or tapping along can teach rhythm and cadence while learning new words. Songs that involve action and hand gestures that follow the music teach children not only the meaning of some new words but also to move and sing at the same time. Other types of activities we do in the classroom are dancing with streamers or scarves, playing small musical instruments, singing songs in rounds, singing while cleaning up, marching to the beat, or imitating animals. Not only can this be beneficial academically, but it also keeps children moving, which is good for their little bodies.\nConcentration and discipline\nClassical music forms an important part of Concordia’s program. Playing classical music to children boosts their concentration and self-discipline, according to one major study. It improves their general listening and social skills. Children exposed to the works of Beethoven and Mozart, for example, are more likely to appreciate a wider range of music in later years.\nA further study showed that seven to 10-year-olds exposed regularly to classical music showed significant cognitive improvement.\nWritten by Sue Fletcher.\nSue Fletcher is Concordia Shanghai’s early childhood music and movement specialist.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Following the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, April 19, 1995, the Tulsa District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dispatched three structural engineers to monitor the site.\nMark McVay and two other civil engineers arrived the next day. The District sent a fourth structural engineer, Mark Burkholder, a couple of weeks later, to monitor the site so demolitions experts could implode the remaining structure.\nThe bomb that destroyed the building detonated just 15 feet from the building and caused the deaths of 168 people.\n“After the blast, a lot of Good Samaritans rushed in to help,” said Mark McVay. “One of the people who responded was a nurse. She just arrived at the site and was trying to help victims when a piece of debris fell and hit her on the head.”\nThe nurse, Rebecca Anderson, went to the site after seeing news reports on television. She died in the hospital four days later. Though rescue workers sustained numerous injuries searching for and assisting survivors, she was the only one killed.\n“The roof of the Murrah Building was made from a mixture of light concrete and insulation, and it just crumbled in the explosion,” McVay said. “There were large chunks of debris hanging from the skeleton of the building that could crush a car if they fell.”\nThe civil engineers used a transit, a surveying tool used to measure angles, and a telescope to watch for falling debris. They also advised rescue workers as they attempted to remove rubble during the search for survivors.\n“We would go into an area and assess the structure and tell them, whether they could move a piece without endangering a survivor,” said McVay. “There were a lot of long days. I remember being exhausted.”\nBurkholder was sent in as the building was being prepped it for demolition.\n“The demolition experts were drilling holes to weaken the remaining structure and to place the charges,” Burkholder said. “They were concerned that as they weakened it, a slab might fall down. There are critical spots on the building that you don’t want to move and we checked them regularly.”\nThe engineers set up their transit under an American elm tree in what used to be a parking lot between the Murrah Building and the Journal Record Building. The explosion sent glass and shrapnel into the tree’s trunk and branches, and even destroyed some of the branches. Though the explosion ripped away a portion of the Journal Record Building’s roof, the elm remained.\n“At that time it was just a tree,” said Burkholder. “But a lot of people in casual conversation were asking, ‘How did that tree survive?’”\nThe Survivor Tree has thrived in the years following the bombing. Though it represented a curious improbability at the time, today it is a symbol of a community’s resilience.\n“You have to realize that businesses in the area were so damaged they just closed down. I had to go five blocks to buy a sandwich and the sandwich shop that was open had damage. I thought the entire area around the site would be demolished,” said McVay. “I never realized that tree would become a symbol for the survivors or the city, even though we were all commenting, ‘that’s one tough tree.’”\nMcVay and Burkholder both agreed that they were most affected by the destruction of the daycare located on the second floor of the building, and just above the blast zone.\n“It was the saddest thing I’d ever seen in my life,” said McVay. “It hit you in the gut when you see little kids’ toys scattered amongst the debris.”\nBurkholder said he visited the site 10 years ago on a field trip with one of his children.\n“When I first went back it kind of weighed on my mind,” he said. “It was tough. I can’t imagine the people who were doing the search and rescue operations.”\nMcVay said he is considering whether he will visit on the 20th anniversary.\n“No, I haven’t been back. I can’t say that I haven’t had the chance, I just haven’t gone back,” he said. “I’d like to go sometime. I hadn’t planned on going on the anniversary but now that you mention it.”\nThe other structural engineers from the Tulsa District have moved on to other assignments. Lori Thomas now works at the Galveston District and John VanLeeuwen now works for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "BODY LANGUAGE IN 1 CORINTHIANS:\nTHE USE OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL MODELS FOR UNDERSTANDING PAUL AND HIS OPPONENTS\nMary Douglas offers a model for correlating attitudes to the physical body and corresponding structures in the social body. The physical body is a symbol of the social body: tight bodily control replicates strong pressure to conform to group norms, whereas weak bodily control (even emphasis on \"spirit\") denotes weak social systems and weak pressure for control. According to 1 Corinthians Paul demands strong control of (1) bodily orifices (the genitals, chs 5-7; the mouth for eating, chs 8, l0-11; the mouth for speaking, chs 12-14); (2) bodily surfaces (ch 11); (3) bodily structure (head and members, chs 11-12) and (4) bodily discipline (ch 9). The pneumatics appear to Paul to urge weak bodily control in accord with their ideology of individualism and freedom. Douglas' ideas on bodily control offer a cross-cultural model for appreciating Paul's strong sense of custom, structure and order in his churches, a model applicable not only to 1 Corinthians, but to all of his letters.\nOf all of Paul's letters, 1 Corinthians is thoroughly and intensely concerned with BODY. 1. There is great concern for bodily orifices: (a) chs. 5-7 deal with the genitals, a major bodily orifice; (b) chs 8-10 and 11 are concerned with another orifice, the mouth for eating; and (c) chs 12-14 are likewise concerned with the mouth, under the rubric of tongues and prophecy. 2. Bodily surface is discussed in 11:2r-16, whether this refers to veils on the head or to hair styles. 3. The body as the prime image of the church is developed in ch. 12. 4. Head and feet are used to describe the relational position of God to Jesus (15:25-28); head also describes Jesus' relation to members of his body (11:3). 5. Discipline of an athlete's body serves as a model for Paul's advice in 9:24-27. 6. Whether in the resurrection there will be a body and what that body will be like are questions that are treated in ch 15. 7. Unified body members may \"greet one another with a holy kiss\" (16:20). BODY, then, is a constant point of reference in 1 Corinthians.\nYet in 1 Corinthians, there are two levels of issues. Particular bodily issues are discussed: whom one may not marry (ch 5), with whom one may not have sexual intercourse (ch 6), whether to marry and stay married (ch 7), what foods one may eat (chs 8-10), how the surface of one's head must be covered and which \"heads\" one should obey (ch 11). Besides these particular bodily issues, there is concern in 1 Corinthians for more general issues relative to the social body. The designation of the group as a \"body\" implies many things about membership, roles, structure, order, and authority in that same body. It is important, then, that we attend to the specific issues affecting the physical body as well as the more social view of the group implied by its designation as a body.\nThe understanding of BODY\nin 1 Corinthians is complicated for us because Paul's position on specific\nbody issues is not universally shared by the Christians at\nIssue Non-Pauline Position Pauline Position\nincest (ch 5) boast (5:2) horror (5:6-7)\nfornication (ch 6) freedom (6:12-13) pollution (6: 15-19)\nidol meat (chs 8,10) freedom (10:23) restraint (10:24, 28-29)\nhead surface (ch 11) no restraint restraint (11:16)\n& prophecy no restraint\nThis synopsis indicates that the Pauline position inclines to bodily control and to a sense of the group as influencing the individual, whereas the non-Pauline position favors little bodily control and a strong sense of individualism.\nWhether in fact at Corinth Paul's opponents on one issue are the same as his opponents on another issue is a problem that cannot be addressed at this point. Paul's own reaction, however, to the series of issues and problems noted above is known. And, as I hope to show, it is coherent and consistent. The same claim can be made in regard to the opponents' position-at least from Paul's perception of it. Two attitudes to body, then, are found in 1 Corinthians, attitudes which are antithetical in terms of the degree of control appropriate to the body.\nI. BODY LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY\nI propose to study BODY issues and imagery in 1 Corinthians from the perspective of the noted British anthropologist, Mary Douglas. In a series of studies she has put forth a hypothesis about BODY as a diagram and symbol of the social system.\nBuilding on the celebrated\nessay of Marcel Mauss (1973:70-88),\nThe body is a model which can stand for any bounded system. Its boundaries can represent any boundaries which are threatened or precarious. The body is a complex structure. The functions of its different parts and their relation afford a source of symbols for other complex structures (1966:115).\nNot only is ordering and structuring of the physical body a replication of social structuring, control of the physical body is an expression of social control:\nBodily control is an expression of social control-abandonment of bodily control in ritual responds to the requirements of a social experience which is being expressed (1973:99).\nFor example, concern with bodily orifices replicates social concerns:\nInterest in its (the body's) apertures depends on the preoccupation with social exits and entrances, escape routes and invasion. If there is no concern to preserve social boundaries, I would not expect to find concern with bodily boundaries (1973:98-99; see 1966:124).\nwe noted earlier, just this issue of control or non-control of the body distinguishes\nPaul and his opponents at\nIt is the purpose of this\nessay to gather the remarks of\nIn her book, Natural\nSymbols, Douglas developed a model for assessing the degree of control\nor non-control over a social body. Social systems exert varying pressure on\na given social unit to conform to societal norms. The degree of this pressure\nThese abstract variables\ncan be more concretely expressed. Social groups have cosmologies, that is,\nviews of the world and one's place in it. Using broad and inclusive terms\nfrom the field of cultural anthropology,\nWEAK GROUP/HIGH GRID\nSTRONG GROUP/HIGH GRID\nPurity. pragmatic attitude toward purity; pollution not automatic\nPurity. strong concern for purity; purity rules define and maintain social structure\nRitual. used for private as well as personal ends when present; ego remains superior to the ritual process; condensed symbols do not delimit society\nRitual. a society of fixed rituals expressing the internal classification system of the group; ritual symbols perdure in all contexts of life\nPersonal Identity. individualism; pragmatic and adaptive\nPersonal Identity. a matter of internalizing clearly articulated social roles; dyadic personality; individual subservient to society\nBody. viewed instrumentally, as means to some end; self-controlled, treated pragmatically\nBody. tightly controlled; a symbol of life\nSin. basically caused by ignorance or failure, hence viewed as stupidity or embarrassment with loss of face, with individual responsible\nSin. violation of formal rules; focus on behavior rather than internal states of being; individual responsible for sin\nSpirit Possession. not dangerous\nSpirit Possession. dangerous; either not allowed or tightly controlled & limited to a group of experts\nWEAK GROUP/LOW GRID\nSTRONG GROUP/LOW GRID\nPurity. anti-purity posture\nPurity. strong concern for purity, but the inside of the physical & social body is under attack; pollution present, and purification rituals ineffective\nRitual. anti-ritual; effervescent and spontaneous\nRitual. a society of fixed rituals, which are focused on group boundaries; great concern to expel pollutants from the social body\nPersonal Identity. no antagonism between society & self, but the old society from which individual emerges is seen as oppressive; self &/or social control low; highly individualistic\nPersonal Identity. located in group membership, not in the internalization of roles, which are confused; dyadic personality\nBody. irrevelant; life is spiritual; purity concerns absent, but body may be rejected or freely used\nBody. social and physical bodies are tightly controlled, but invaders have broken through bodily boundaries; not a symbol of life\nSin. a matter of personal ethics and interiority\nSin. a matter of pollution;\nevil is lodged within the individual & society; sin is like a\ndisease deriving from the social structure; internal state of being\nmore important than\nSpirit Possession. approved, even welcomed; no fear of loss of self control\nSpirit Possession. dangerous: a matter of demonic possession; evil\nA. COSMOLOGY OF A CONTROLLED BODY (strong \"group\")\n1. Purity In a strong group situation, there is strong concern for the purity of the social and physical body. As we saw in the previous essay, purity refers to the ordering, classification, and structuring of the social world; it means an avoidance of all that violates that sense of order. In terms of the physical body, it means identification of and distancing of oneself from \"dirt\" (spittle, feces, menses) which socially means concern over persons and events that do not fit the group's ideals and sense of order, viz., things that violate its rules. \n2. Ritual There are fixed rituals for determining where the lines and boundaries of the ordered system lie and who is properly within the body and who is not, that is, concern over boundaries of the body. And there are ritual symbols which express the internal classification system of the group. Every body has a place and knows where it is; hence boundaries which define location are carefully drawn and entrances and exits into carefully defined space are guarded. Authority, status, and roles are clear and clearly expressed.\n3. Personal Identity Identity here is non-individualistic and group-oriented. One's role and place in the group is assigned and learned.\n4. Body Social and physical bodies are rigidly controlled. Along with a strong sense of purity goes a protection of the body from threatening pollutions.\n5. Sin This is defined not simply as violation of rules but as pollution which invades the body and threatens to pollute its pure insides. Moral norms are well defined and are socio-centric, that is, learned from the group and measured in those terms.\nB. COSMOLOGY OF AN UNCONTROLLED BODY (weak \"group\")\n1. Purity There is a reactionary or weak concern for purity. This implies considerable tolerance for diversity and plurality.\n2. Ritual Again there is a rejection of strong entrance rites into the group or of clear boundaries around it. There tends to be a weak internal classification system, implying fluid social status. Effervescence and spontaneity are valued here.\n3. Personal Identity Society is seen as oppressive; assigned roles are rejected. Personal and social control are devalued, and so individualism is pronounced.\n4. Body The body is not perceived as a bounded system and there is no sense of protecting its orifices and its purity. The body is not a symbol of life, for life is spiritual.\n5. Sin This is a matter of personal ethical decisions and interiority, rather than a violation of socio-centric norms.\nFrom these contrasting cosmologies, we can describe contrasting attitudes to the body. Where there is strong \"group\" pressure, the body is perceived as a bounded system, strongly controlled. It is considered as a \"holy\" or \"pure\" body and so it guards its orifices (eyes, ears, genitals) and maintains firm and clear boundaries. Its concern for order and clarity make it fear unconsciousness, fainting, or any loss of control; it will tend to take a negative view of ecstasy or spirit possession. It is a regulated and harmonious body whose individual parts are disciplined and coordinated for group action, as in the case of an athlete.\nWhere \"group\" pressure is weak, the body is not perceived as a bounded system nor is it strongly controlled. There is no fear of pollutants around the body and so there is no control over its orifices and boundaries, viz., what is sees, hears, to whom it joined in marriage or sexual union. Porosity to its environment is accompanied by a celebration of freedom of movement and spontaneity of individual members of the body. Trances and spirit possession are looked upon favorably.\nto show the replication of attitudes between physical and social bodies,\nSmooth/shaggy express much the same as formal/informal. Smooth is appropriate where group ideals are clear, where roles are defined, and where ladders of authority or pyramidal structures exist. Shaggy denotes individualism, criticism of the system, less commitment to role or structure (1973:102). Structured/unstructured are terms borrowed from Talcott Parsons. In highly structured situations there is a minimum of possible responses other than the ones required by the norms of the situation. The less highly situations are structured, the .more informality is valued, the greater the tendency to abandon reason and follow crazes, and the more license for bodily expressions of abandonment (1973:102-103).\n2. Strong \"group\" may be described as smooth, formal, structured, and ritualized; weak \"group\" is shaggy, informal, unstructured, and tending to effervescence.\n3. The control of the physical body mirrors social control, which shows itself according to the cosmologies noted above.\nWe can take this model\nand now apply it to the perceptions about BODY in 1 Corinthians. The hypothesis\nof this study may be clearly stated. 1. There are two different views of\nphysical and social body at\nStrong \"group\" pressure:\nWeak \"group\" pressure:\nStrong control of social body Weak control of social body\nStrong control of physical body Weak control of physical body\nII. BODILY ORIFICES\nA: The Sexual Orifice\nAs we noted earlier, Paul's concern with BODY focuses on three areas: 1) bodily orifices, b) bodily surfaces, and c) bodily imagery. In 1 Cor 5-7 Paul is concerned with sexual problems and issues, i.e. with the sexual orifice of the body and with the proper/improper crossing of that orifice. The first issue is the problem of the incestuous marriage in 5:1-8.  Two attitudes are immediately evident: a) some are \"puffed up\" approvingly over the marriage (5:2a) but b) Paul recoils in horror at it (5:1,2b). Bodily control is scorned by some and expected by others.\nThe key to Paul's viewpoint is contained in the metaphorical remarks about leaven in 5:6-8. The incestuous marriage in the Christian group is like leaven, which is perceived as a pollutant threatening the body. \"Leaven means \"the old leaven of malice and iniquity\" (5:8); if it enters the pure batch of flour it will \"leaven the whole lump\" (5:6), i.e. pollute it. On the contrary, Christian believers are called to be a new lump, holy, pure, and unleavened in virtue of Christ's passover sacrifice (5:7-8). No polluting impurity should be found in the midst of the Corinthian \"saints.\" Paul, then, judges from the standpoint of purity and pollution.\nThe incestuous marriage\nis a pollution of such magnitude that it is \"not found among the pagans\"\n(5:1). This pollution threatens the social body, as the \"leaven\"\nmetaphor  in 5:6-8 makes clear. It also pollutes the Christian\npartner; for, when a man joins himself to a woman, \"the two become one\nflesh\" (6:16). If one partner is impure and polluting, the other partner\nwill be corrupted. This corrupting sexual union, therefore, represents an\nillicit crossing of the sexual orifice; the holy social body of the church\nand the individual Christian body is threatened. The strategy in this crisis\nis clear. The threatened social body must expel the pollutant by excommunicating\nhim (5:2b-5, .7, 13). As\nsexual orifice. The depolluted Christian may then re-enter the holy group (5:5; see 2 Cor 2:5-7). The control of individual bodily orifices replicates the group's concern with its social boundaries, as\nIn the treatment of fornication in 6:12-20 we discover that two views of body are again operative. According to some, the body is uncontrolled: 'All things are lawful to me\" (6:12). For them, the body is neutral  -it is not a bounded structure whose inside is pure and must be guarded. This is brought out in the analogy made between eating food and fornicating. \"Food is made for the stomach\" (6:13); that is, any food may cross the orifice of the mouth and enter the stomach; eating is a neutral action which has nothing to do with purity. Likewise with fornication, the sexual orifice is neutrally conceived; anything may pass across it; any sexual union is permitted. Like eating, carnal intercourse is perceived as having nothing to do with purity or boundary violations.\nFor Paul, however, two different principles are operative. First, the physical body of the believer is not neutral but holy. \"The body is not meant for immorality but for the Lord and the Lord for the body\" (6:13); the body, in fact, is a \"member of Christ\" (6:15). Like the Christian social body (3:18), the physical body is expected to be a container of holiness: \"Your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you\" (6:19). Second, the body is a bounded and controlled system. All is not \"lawful\" for it, for some things may \"enslave\" it (6:12), and so bodily control is an appropriate strategy. Paul is concerned with the body's purity and so there are corresponding rules controlling the orifices of the body and regulating what crosses them.\nAs we saw in 5:1-8, when a holy person is joined to an unclean partner, the resulting \"flesh\" is corrupted. In the case of sexual commerce with a prostitute, the resulting \"flesh\" is polluted (6:16). The example of prostitution serves to explain the evil of fornication: it is a sexual union which is seen as polluting the Christian partner. Alternately when a person is joined to the Lord who is holy, the resulting union is holy (6:17). Fornication, like prostitution, is perceived as a pollution, for the resulting body cannot be holy; its pollution makes impossible a holy union with Christ.\nThe concern in 6:12-20 is with the pure interior of the body. Every other sin is committed \"outside\" the body, that is on the outside of the boundary which maintains the purity of the inside. Such sins, while evil, are not called pollutions or abominations. But sexual sins are perceived as attacking one's own body (6:18); that is, they cross the boundary or orifice and threaten the holy inside. This implies that illicit sexual commerce is a pollution that occurs within the \"one flesh\" which results from the joining of the two. In the case of fornication, prostitution, and incest, the sexual orifice and the organism's boundary should be vigorously guarded and not illicitly crossed. The result will be a pollution of the body's interior. \nRules for the body and\nits orifice, moreover, are appropriate because for Paul individual bodies\nare not neutral or free but controlled. \"Your body is not your own; you\nwere bought with a price\" (6:19). Freedom, even freedom for the body,\nmay be the shibboleth of some at\nThe issue of marriage taken up in ch-7 has further bearing on the sexual orifice of the body. The ideal is stated repeatedly: absolute non-crossing of the sexual orifice is highly desired either in virginity or celibacy.\n1. \"It is well not to touch a woman\" (7:1). \n2. \"It is well to remain single as I do\" (7:8).\n3. \"He who refrains from marriage will do better\" (7:38).\nImplicit in this posture of guarding the sexual orifice is a view of sex as somehow inherently polluting.\nThe rationale for this is hinted at in 7:32-35. The unmarried person is perceived as joined to the Lord, totally concerned \"how to please the Lord\" (7:32) and \"how to be holy in body and spirit\" (7:34). Married persons are \"divided\" in concern for the Lord and their spouses (7:34b). Dividedness  is inherently destructive of a body, a point which will be made evident in the discussion of ch 12 which follows. And it is implied that loyalty is a limited good; as much as is given to a spouse, that much cannot be given to the Lord. Married persons may be holy in spirit, according to Paul, but being holy in body as well is problematic for them (7:34-35).\nPaul's permission for sexual intercourse is but a pragmatic concession. He will allow a lesser evil to avoid a greater pollution: \"Because of the temptation to immorality, each man should have his own wife\" (7:2). Or, if a man's \"passions are too strong, and it has to be, let him marry\" (7:36). The ideal would be to remain celibate and virginal so as to be totally concerned with the Lord and to be holy in body and spirit.\nThe ideal of sexual abstinence cannot be maintained. Hence sexual union is permitted. But it is wrapped in controls and subject to numerous regulations. First, there will not be promiscuous crossing of boundaries or orifices: \"Each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband\" (7:2). Second, sexual relations are themselves subject to control: \"The wife does not rule over her own body, but the husband does; likewise the husband does not rule over his own body, but the wife does\" (7:4). A third rule is given in 7:5-6. It is not permitted to refuse sexual intercourse \"except by agreement for a season,\" in this case to do something truly holy, such as \"devoting yourself to prayer.\" The reason for this limited concession is fear of pollution, i.e. \"lest Satan tempt you through lack of self-control\" (7:6). Purity concerns lead to guarding of bodily orifices and to regulating the proper crossing of that orifice; that is what \"self-control\" means in this context. Protection of boundaries is appropriate to a body perceived in this way.\nPaul's teaching on divorce (7:10-16) repeats much of his concern for orifices and his perception of the body as a bounded, holy system. (1) On the one hand, he categorically prohibits divorce (7:10-11, 27-28). When two bodies join and become one flesh, that \"one flesh\" is a whole or holy body. And like all bodies it must resist unwarranted entrances into it as well as the threat of being rent asunder. This rule, although ascribed to the Lord (7:10), is coherent with Paul's viewpoint of a regulated body. (2) Even in the case of exogamous marriages (where two pagans married and one subsequently became a Christian), Paul does not act according to the prescriptions in Ezra 9:1-2, 11-15 and try to break those marriages (7:12--13).  Divorce is perceived as a worse pollution than the mixed marriage. But pollution is the appropriate concept here, for the issue is one of purity and pollution. Why not break this marriage? Paul says that the pagan (unholy) partner may be \"made holy\" by the holy partner and so the \"unclean children\" become \"holy\" (7:14). This is a reversal of the leaven image of 5:6-8, but it clearly indicates that pollution language governs Paul's discussion of marriage and divorce. (3) Yet as great a pollution as divorce is for Paul, he permits it (7:15-16). Why? The unbelieving partner desires to separate, that is, the partner who is unholy. The holy inside of this \"one flesh is already polluted in some way; the union is already split. Now Paul's concern is to preserve the holiness of the believing member: \"Let them separate\" (7:15). A higher law of purity is operative; a lesser impurity (divorce) is tolerated in fear of a greater pollution (apostasy, loss of Christian membership). As in the case of the offending eye, hand or foot in Mt 5:28-30, let the boundaries be redrawn to exclude the offending pollutant. In this case the divorcing person is seen as amputated from the holy divorced person; and the body's integrity is maintained.\nB: The Mouth (for eating)\nA second orifice, the mouth, becomes the focus of the discussion in 1 Cor 8-11. The problem concerns eating and what mayor may not cross the orifice of the mouth. To appreciate Paul's perspective, let us first examine 10:14-22, where his viewpoint regarding body and mouth is clearest.\nIt is important to note the principle laid down in 10:14-22. Rules are given concerning eating: some food is prescribed (vv. 16-18) and some food is proscribed (vv. 19-22). The orifice of the mouth is regulated! But what principle determines the food which mayor may not pass the oral orifice?\nThe permissible food is the \"holy\" food of the Eucharistic meal. The cup of blessing which Christians drink is \"participation in the blood of Christ\" and the bread which they break is \"participation in the body of Christ\" (v. 16).  The Eucharistic food is permitted to cross the boundary of the mouth and to enter the body; in doing so it reinforces the body's purity. The image here is like the \"leaven\" in 5:6-8. If what goes in is good, it does not contaminate but strengthens purity; but if what is ingested is corrupting like leaven, it pollutes the holy inside of the body and so it is proscribed. The Eucharist is inherently holy; it is prescribed food. But there is another kind of food which is proscribed, as Paul notes: \"You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons\" (10:21). Foods sacrificed to idols certainly are not \"holy\"; and in view of Paul's view of the body as a bounded system threatened by pollution, such foods are a pollutant which will corrupt the individual because they will mean being \"partner with demons\" (v. 20). Paul once more perceives the issue on the basis of purity and pollution.\nThe logic here is similar\nto that in chs 5-7. By eating and drinking at a cultic table, a person has\nkoinonia with the cultic lord (10:16, 20) and becomes \"one body\"\nwith the lord (10:17). This is analogous to the \"one body\" which\nis formed in sexual commerce: the two become \"one flesh\" (6:16).\nEven with virginity, the person who joins him/herself to the Lord forms a\nnew unity with the Lord (6:17). This \"one body\" may be holy or unclean\ndepending on whether the partner to whom one joins oneself is clean or unclean\n(see 6:15-16). Incest and fornication involve a koinonia which corrupts;\nChristian marriage results in a koinonia which sanctifies. So with\nfoods. Sharing the body and blood of Christ means koinonia with the\nholy Lord; and this \"one body\" is holy. But sharing the cup and\ntable with demons means koinonia with an unholy demon; this union is\nCollective social body Individual\nkoinonia with cultic Lord koinonia with husband\nJust as in marriage there cannot be two husbands, so there cannot be two Lords of the covenant, Jesus and demons. Hence one cannot eat at both tables. The pure and the polluted are mutually exclusive realms.\nIssues relating to food and eating continue to occupy Paul's attention in 11:17-34, the discussion of behavior at the Eucharist. The Eucharist for Paul is the holiest of times, things, and activities. Time: Paul operates with a map of time, indicating that the time when the group gathers to celebrate its holiest rite is the most important time for them. Violation of this map of time is as much a pollution for him as was Jesus' violation of Sabbath for the Pharisees (see previous essay; Mk 2:23-3:6). Object: the Eucharist, because it is the body and blood of the Lord (see 10:16-17) is the holiest of objects and must be treated with utmost purity. Activity: the celebration of the Eucharist express the group's identity, cohesion and boundaries.  It is the premier ceremony of ordering and classifying this group of people, and so its proper celebration requires absolute holiness among its participants.\nBut its holiness is threatened\non two fronts. First, the problem is focused on the orifice of the mouth and\non foods, secular and holy, which are being consumed. Second, the problem\nof the physical body represents a problem in the social body. When the church\nassembles, it is presumably to express the unity of the body, the union among\nthe participants and between them and their holy Lord. But it is reported\nin 11:18-20 that the body which gathers is not holy. \"Divisions\"\nare occurring in the body (11:18); any “division” of a body is a violent threat\nto its wholeness and hence to its holiness. In\nThe bodily problem, insofar as it is expressed, deals with the divisiveness of intemperate eating and drinking at the Eucharist: \"In eating each one goes ahead with his own meal, and one is hungry and another is drunk:' (11:21; see Gal 5:20-21). This deregulation of the oral orifice is compounded by some becoming drunk, which is itself an evil (see 6:10), for excessive wine pollutes  and is typical of pagan meals and cultic practices.\nThe crisis over the oral\norifice of the physical body reflects a crisis over the boundaries of the\nsocial body. Discriminatory eating and drinking manifests distinctions being\nmade between social levels of those present, thus establishing artificial\nboundaries within the group to exclude the poor, the hungry or the weak: \"Do\nyou despise the\nThere is probably great\nirony in the remark in v. 19 that \"there must be factions among you in\norder that those among you who are 'genuine' may be recognized.\" This\nmeans that those causing the faction or division are perceived as doing so\nfor the purpose of distinguishing themselves as \"genuine\" or elite\nmembers of the group. Some, such as those who are puffed up at the incestuous\nmarriage (5:2) and who boast of freedom to eat anything (10:23), would see\nno harm in their unregulated eating and drinking at the Eucharist; on the\ncontrary, it may distinguish\nthem as the strong in the group as opposed to the weak, the foolish, and those easily offended. Eating and drinking in their minds has nothing to do with pollution. Not so with Paul, who is concerned with the \"division\" in the holy body of the Lord caused by intemperate eating and drinking: \"Do you despise the\nThis behavior pollutes the Eucharist itself as well as the holy group. \"When you meet together, it is not the Lord's supper that you eat\" (11:20). This is so, not because they are using the wrong formula, but because they are desanctifying the rite. Receiving it when drunk or in a disorderly fashion meals profaning the holy Eucharist: \"Who eats the bread and drinks the cup unworthily sins against the body and blood of the Lord: (11:27). One who does so brings \"judgment\", not holiness, upon himself (11:29); one is thereby liable to condemnation (11:32-34)-that is, being publicly rendered \"unclean.\" The holy Eucharist which is received in an unholy person is rendered ineffective; it loses its holiness. It is profaned.\nRules, then, must be laid down to guard more closely the orifice of the mouth and so to protect the holiness of the Eucharist itself and the .social body whose cohesion and holiness is threatened. Rules proscribe certain food and drink and regulate the consumption of others. No drunkenness is allowed (11:21); consumption of food at the feast must be done all at the same time (\"when you come together to eat, wait for one another,\" (11:33). Lest intemperate eating cause a problem, \"if anyone is hungry, let him eat at home\" (11:34) By regulating the orifice of the mouth, these rules aim at restoring the health of the social body by healing divisions (11:18) and by eliminating humiliations (11:22). Other rules enjoin self-examination on the offending parties to see if their interior is holy enough to receive the Eucharist worthily (11:27-28) and to discern whether they are the cause of any harm to others. In other words, the proper governing of the orifice of the mouth at the Eucharist is the prime way to guard the holiness both of the Eucharist and of the group receiving it.\nWhen we approach the issue of eating' idol meat in chs 8-10, several of Paul's principles should be clear:\nThe issue of idol meat in chs 8-10 is more complicated than that of the Eucharist, for the Eucharistic food can be argued to be intrinsically holy. Rules for its proper reception are appropriate. But the early church de-sacralized food in its abolition of Jewish dietary laws (Mark 7:19; Acts 15; 1 Cor 10:25-26). Yet no appeal is made in 1 Cor to this ecclesial decision as the basis for the eating of idol meat. As we shall see, such an appeal to authority is totally out of character for those who urge that idol meat be eaten. On the contrary, the arguments seem to reflect a view of the body which is radically different from Paul's, a view which was described earlier under the cosmology of an uncontrolled body.\nAmong the chief arguments\nurged in favor of eating idol meat, the dominant one seems to be freedom from\nlaws and taboos. \"Am I not free\" is the slogan urged twice for the\nvalidity of eating (10:23; see 6:12 and 8:9). Paul admits the validity of\nthis \"freedom\" to eat (10:29) but\nindicates that it is not the overriding value here. By arguing in ch 9 that he himself relinquished his rights and freedoms, Paul indicates that freedom is not an absolute value for him as it is for others in\n\"knowledge\" (8:1, 10). The claim to special insight serves to redraw boundaries within the group, dividing the elite who have this \"knowledge\" from those seen not to have it (8:7, 11). The knowledge claimed has to do with a judgment on the neutrality of foods, that is, how they are no longer evaluated according to the old Jewish laws. Inasmuch as \"food is made for the stomach and the stomach for food\" (6:13), food is neutral. To eat it may even be a way of demonstrating that one is beyond the old legal and purity concerns. The nature of Paul's cautious remarks in chs 8-10 indicates his sensitivity to the strong individualistic claims made by those who eat and who disregard any consequences such eating might have on the weaker members (8:7-13). No holiness, no group concerns, no regulation of freedom color their thinking. Paul understands these arguments, but they do not represent his viewpoint at all.\nThe bottom line in Paul's remarks are rules which regulate the orifice of the mouth so as to protect the holiness of the body. Under certain circumstances eating is proscribed: \"You may not eat\" (me esthiete, 10:28). Specific circumstances when one may or may not eat are also clearly enunciated. One may eat when invited out: \"If one of the unbelievers invites you to dinner. ..eat whatever is set before you\" (10:27). But one may not eat if eating would genuinely scandalize a fellow Christian. The circumstances are clear; one may not eat a) at table in an idol's temple (8:10) and b) when the weak-conscienced member explicitly says \"This has been offered in sacrifice\" (10:28).\nNot only the regulations but the arguments which support them are similar to what we have seen in regard to Paul's regulation of the oral orifice in 10:14-22 and 11:17-34. Paul has strong purity concerns. First, even the weak-conscienced member of the church is holy in virtue of Christ's purifying death (8:11). The paramount concern is chs 8-10 is to prevent this weak but holy member from being \"defiled\": \"Some eat food as really offered to an idol, and their conscience, being weak, is defiled\" (molyntai, 8:7). Second, Paul repeatedly concerns himself with the interior space of the persons involved, their conscience and especially the threatened \"weak conscience\" (8:7,10,12; 10:28-29). Just as Paul worried about the polluting leaven entering a pure batch of flour, so he is on guard lest the holy interior of a member be defiled by sight of another eating idol meat or by actual ingestion of it. \"Conscience,\" then, speaks to the holy interior which is threatened with defilement. And so, Paul concludes, \"if food is a cause of my brother's being scandalized, I will never eat meat, lest I scandalize my brother\" (8:13). \"To Scandalize\" means to cause the loss of interior holiness in the affected person, i.e. to pollute (see Mt 18:6, 8-9).\nImplied in Paul's argument is the same concern found in 7:12-14, 10:14-22 and 11:17-34, viz., to protect the social body from division. Paul perceives a lack of concern for the integrity of the social body in the position of those who would eat (\"the strong\"), which disregards the effects of their eating on \"the weak.\" Such behavior becomes a stumbling block to some (8:9); \"sinning against your brother. ..you sin against Christ\" (8:12). This \"sin against Christ\" is none other than an attack on the body of Christ, the church (Murphy-O'Connor, 1978:563-564). Paul's concern with the guarding of a bodily orifice once more communicates his concern for the boundaries of the social group.\nIn Paul's argument in\nchs 8-10, we find other elements of the cosmology of a controlled body, which\narguments are radically different from those urged by \"the strong.\"\n(1) Freedom: Although freedom to eat is nominally endorsed, Paul proceeds\nto wrap that freedom in constraints and to circumscribe it with regulations.  Freedom is not an absolute or overriding value\nfor Paul. He claimed for himself a series of individual rights (9:.1-15),\nwhich he sees as circumscribed by the needs of the social body. He affirms\nthat he is indeed free: 'Am I not free? Have I not seen the Lord?\" (9:1).\nBut that freedom is controlled by what is good for the social body: \"For,\nthough free, I have made myself a slave to all\" (9:19) for the benefit\nof the body of Christ (9:20-23). (2) Personal Identity: A certain individualism\ndescribes those who have knowledge and would eat. They are concerned basically\nwith themselves. Paul, however, is concerned with what is good for the group:\n\"Let no one seek his own good, but the good of his neighbor\" (10:23),\nand again, \"I try to please all men in every- thing I do, not seeking\nmy own advantage, but that of many, that they may be saved\" (10:33).\nThe gnosis of the strong only \"puffs them up\" (8:1); it does\nnot yield any advantage for the group. (3) Ethics: The ethical norm\nof those who would eat is that of individualistic freedom: 'All things are lawful to me\" (10:23; 6:12). For Paul, the clue is found in what \"builds up\" the group. \"Love,\" or concern for the group's unity, \"builds up\" (8:1); it is better than knowledge which puffs up. Although all things are lawful, \"not all things build up\" (10:23). And so what strengthens group boundaries is of higher value than the freedoms of individuals.\nPaul's regulation of the eating of idol meat and the reasoning which underpins it stand in sharp contrast to the behavior and attitudes of those who would eat in freedom. We can conveniently sketch the differences in the cosmologies of Paul and his opponents which will summarize the discussion thus far:\nno concern for purity PURITY strong purity concerns\nporous boundaries RITUAL concern over what crosses\na bounded system, BODY\nno protection needed, guarded against pollution,\nno concern with orifices concern with orifices\nand boundaries and boundaries\nPERSONAL strong group orientation,\nfreedom unrestrained IDENTITY freedom governed by \"love\"\npersonal ethical decision SIN pollution\nC: The Mouth (for speaking)\nIn 1 Cor 12-14, the orifice of the mouth becomes the focus of Paul's attention. As we shall see, Paul establishes rules for this orifice, but it is important to note the reasons which accompany his regulation of it. The question here is not like that of idol meat, i. e. what crosses the mouth and enters the body, but what comes out of the mouth and enters the ears of the assembled body. The regulation will be of the mouth of the speakers.\nFirst we note that there\nare operative in ch 14 two different views of the body and of tongues. For\nexpect to find a very loosely structured community, group boundaries unimportant, social categories undefined\" (1973:109). Spirit possession indicates a lower degree of social structure and control, as well as strong individualism. In this context freedom must prevail, for one should never \"quench the spirit\" (1 Thess 5:19). Nor would one ever consider governing the orifice of the mouth or structuring this gift in the life of a community: \"Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom\" (2 Cor 3:17). The cosmology of those who prize speaking in tongues is highly individualistic and freedom-oriented; no rules are appropriate to this uncontrolled body.\nPaul's cosmology, however,\nis that of a controlled or structured body. In this context other remarks\nThe dominant argument urged by Paul for the regulation of speaking in tongues is group cohesion (recall Personal Identity in the cosmology of a controlled body). A value judgment is made on the relative importance of tongues and prophecy. Those who speak in tongues \"edify themselves,\" but those who prophesy \"edify the church\" (14:4). \"He who speaks in prophecy is greater than he who speaks in tongues\" because prophecy edifies. (14:5). \"Edification\" is a persistent value for Paul; \"let all things be done for edification\" (14:26). Eating idol meat dis-edifies, abstinence edifies (8:1,10); seeking one's own good may dis-edify another, so \"let no one seek his own good but the good of his neighbor\" (10:23-24). \"Edification\" indicates that one's personal identity and behavior is group, not individualistically, oriented. \"Edification,\" moreover, is a term which denotes purity concerns. Dis-edification causes scandal and pollutes the conscience (8:7); edification strengthens the wholeness and holiness of the individual conscience and the group. Paul is expressing a purity concern, then, when he tells the congregation to \"be babes in evil\" (14:20). This means, be innocent of dis-edifying behavior which is consequent to unregulated speaking in tongues. Edification, then, serves group identity, purity concerns, and regulation of personal freedoms-the cosmology of a controlled body.\nBesides articulating prophecy's\nvalue in edifying the group, Paul devalues speaking in tongues. Speaking in\ntongues is fundamentally unintelligible (14:9) and unfruitful (14:14): \"If\nI pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful\" (14:14).\nFor, \"five words spoken with my mind\" are worth more than \"ten\nthousand words in tongues\" (14:19). By this language Paul clearly values\nconsciousness and clarity; he favors group-edifying and group-regulated behavior.\nSpeaking in one's \"mind\" betokens these values. But praying in one's\n\"spirit\" is unconscious and unintelligible; it is highly individualistic\nand uncontrolled behavior. Mary Douglas (1969:69-72) evaluated just these\nterms, \"mind\" and \"spirit,\" in view of their relationship\nto the social body. She argued that \"philosophical controversies about\nthe relation of spirit to matter or mind to the body be interpreted as exchanges\nof condensed statements about\nthe relation of society to the individual\" (1969:69). The \"body\" or the \"flesh\" in her argument represents society; \"mind\" and \"spirit\" represent the individual. She then articulates her theory of the relation of society to individual, body to mind and spirit:\nTo insist on the superiority of spiritual over material elements is to insist on the liberties of the individual and to imply a political program for freeing him from social constraints. In the contrary view, to declare that spirit works through matter, that spiritual values are made effective through material acts, that body and mind are separate but intimately united, all this emphasis on the necessary mingling of spirit and matter implies that the individual is by nature subordinate to society and finds his freedom within its forms (1969: 69).\nPaul's preference for praying \"in mind and spirit\" expresses his view of personal identity as dyadic and group-oriented; it implies regulation of freedoms. Those who glory only \"in the spirit\" may be said to be individualistic people for whom freedom is an absolute, unrestrained value.\nAs Paul sees the issue, the consequences of speaking in tongues are important for its evaluation. As we noted above, prophecy edifies the group; the effect of tongues is just the opposite. Tongues, like intemperate eating and drinking at the Eucharist, play havoc with the body's unity. When someone speaks in unintelligible tongues, the result is an artificial but deleterious re-drawing of boundaries within the group: \"I shall be a foreigner to the speaker and the speaker a foreigner to me\" (14:11). Since speaking in tongues betokens spirit possession and is seen as a sign of elite status, its unregulated practice disrupts the unity of the body, causing factions and divisions (see 12:21). The wholeness of the body is thereby jeopardized, as it was in 11:18-22. And if outsiders and unbelievers observe this unregulated practice, \"they will say that you are mad\" (14:23). They will be confirmed as outsiders and lose the chance to be made holy by membership in the holy body of Jesus.  While not positively polluting, speaking in tongues can function to re-draw boundaries within and around the group, preempting God's prerogative to say who is in or out of it. Thus the wholeness of the body is harmed and its holiness is threatened.\nGiven Paul's cosmology of the church as a bounded system where identity is group-determined and where purity concerns dictate the maintenance of boundaries, Paul's regulation of the oral orifice is consonant with his view of the church as a controlled body. He establishes clear rules for the governance of the mouth. As regards tongues, only two or three at most may speak in tongues at a given meeting. Even this rule is phrased so as to avoid all loss of control: \"If any speak in a tongue, let there by only two or three at most, and each in turn (14:27). It is even possible to close the orifice completely: \"But if there is no one to interpret, let each of them keep silence in church and speak to himself and to God\" (14:28).\nThose who prophesy are\nlikewise regulated. \"Let two or three prophets speak\" (14:29). And,\n\"if a revelation is made to another sitting by, let the first be silent\"\n(14:30). As with the rules for tongues, Paul permits no loss of control. The\nprinciple is clear that even if a bounded\nbody is filled with a free and uncontrollable spirit, order and control are not to be sacrificed: \"The spirits of prophets are subject to the prophets\" (14:32). Control is never to be sacrificed in regard to the body.\nIII. BODILY SURFACE, HEAD, HANDS AND FEET\nIn 11:2-16, there is a discussion of bodily surfaces. In this I am following the study of Murphy-O'Connor (1980:482) that the issue was over hairdo's: men wearing unmasculine hairdo's and women wearing unfeminine ones.\nAs with the case of incest\nand fornication, two contrasting views of body are operative in the discussion.\nThe primary fact seems to be that some men were wearing their hair long and\ncoifed in an unmasculine fashion and some women were wearing their hair loose,\nunbound, which was contrary to societal customs. Long and coifed hair for men denoted effeminacy and possibly homosexuality; uncoifed hair for women suggested freedom and perhaps sexual license. At least, the novel hairdo's tended to blur sexual identity and to confuse sexual and societal roles assigned to men and women. This, of course, would not be objectionable to those who saw that \"in Christ there is no male or female\" (Gal 3:28) and to those who proclaimed that in Christ \"we are all free\"- from Torah, law, and custom (see 1 Cor 6:12; 10:23). The blurring of sexual roles and. identity because of unmasculine/unfeminine hairdo's is but the external symbol of the view of body as a free organism, without clear boundaries, and without concern for purity and rituals to maintain that purity. No sense of dishonor (i.e. pollution) threatening the individual or the social body attends the blurring of sexual roles and distinctions by novel hairdo's.\nInasmuch as we are well aware of Paul's view of body, let us see what he makes of the issue of novel hairdo's. The woman's hair should be plaited, braided, and wrapped around her head. That is what is lacking according to Paul in 11:5,6,15. Plaited hair which is wrapped around the head in orderly fashion symbolizes control over the surface of the body, the part of the woman which is in direct contact with the social world. Plaited and braided hair denotes a clear social role and clear sexual differentiation; the braiding of hair exemplifies the social concern for matronly chastity and for modesty.  This type of hairdo is appropriate where the body is perceived as a controlled structure, where boundaries are guarded, where roles are clear, and where purity is prized. For those with this view, then, uncoifed and unbound hair suggests just the opposite view of body: freedom, loss of control, and blurring of clear sexual roles. Loose hair suggests loose morals and therefore takes on the appearance of a pollutant.\nWhere the physical body is perceived as a system requiring control, a mans hair is expected to be short and natural. Thus he will be perceived in masculine terms and not be confused with women (whose hair is customarily long, see 11:6). Nor should the man dress his hair, curl it, or make it resemble a woman's hairdo (Murphy-O'Connor, 1980:485). Such hair styling suggests confusion of sexual identity and/or loss of bodily control, and so is seen as a pollutant, i. e. a danger to the social order. Hair rules replicate social rules dealing with sexual differentiation and roles; such rules are appropriate to a bounded body.\nPaul's perception of the\nissue of unacceptable hairdo's is couched in terms of purity and pollution.  The offending man \"dishonors\" his head\n(11:4,14), as does the offending woman (11:5). This irregularity is a \"disgrace\"\n(11:6). Since such hairdo's blur the lines which define masculine and feminine\nroles and status, they are a pollution. They are doubly offensive at a worship\nservice where \"praying and prophesying\" occur (11:4-5,13) and where\nholy time demands holy behavior and holy attire. Paul consciously refers to\nthis in 11:10 when he expresses his reason for proper hairdo's-\"...because\nof the angels.\" Apropos of this verse, Joseph Fitzmyer (1957:55-56) explained\nthat worship was perceived as taking place before the angels and mediated\nby them (Ps 137:1 ax and Rev 8:3). As a participation in the heavenly\nliturgy at which the holy angels presided, human worship demanded that \"unclean\nor polluted members be excluded \"for holy angels are present,\" as\nthe following text from\nNor shall anyone who is afflicted by any form of human uncleanness whatsoever be admitted into the assembly of God; nor shall anyone who becomes afflicted in this way be allowed to retain his place in the midst of the congregation. ..for holy angels are (present) in their (congre)gation ...let him not enter, for he is contaminated (lQSa ii.3-11).\nJust as eating and drinking at a Eucharist were matters of purity and pollution (11:17-34), so also were hairdo's.\nPaul clearly intends to regulate the surface of the body, the hair. He prescribes that women should wear their hair long, braided and coiled; men should wear their hair short and undressed. Hair styles which confuse gender roles and status are proscribed.\nThe discussion centers\naround hairdo's, i.e. control of the body surface. Involved here is the issue\nof role differentiation in the church and society. As Mary Douglas indicated,\nwhere formality, smoothness and ritual are accentuated values in one's cosmology,\none will tend to find\nwell defined roles, social control and a strong commitment to a structured system. Where informality, shagginess, and effervescence are dominant values, there tends to be less role differentiation, little control, and loose adherence to a structured system. Where personal identity is group-oriented, roles will be clearly defined; where individualistic, a weak internal classification system is evident.\nLet us now use Paul's\nremarks about hairdo's to see what is said about role differentiation in the\ndiscussion in 11:2-16. The slogan in Galatians, \"in Christ there is no\nmale or female\" (3:28), is in considerable tension with Paul's remarks\nin 1 Corinthians; for in the latter letter he\nargues for differentiation of the sexes-Gal 3:28 notwithstanding.  Alluding to the original order of creation, Paul points out how even then the sexes were differentiated. \"Man was not made from woman but woman was made from man\" (11:8,12a); \"man is the image and glory of God but woman is the glory of man\" (11:7-8). In the new creation in Christ, there are some changes stated: \"In the Lord woman is not 'different' (choris)  from man nor is man 'different' (choris) from woman\" (11:11) (Murphy-O'Connor, 1980:497), But sexual differentiation is by no means totally abolished in the new creation. For Paul states at the beginning of the passage a principle which undergirds the hierarchical differentiation of man and woman:\nThe head of every man is Christ\nthe head of the woman\nis her husband,\nand the head of Christ is God (11:3).\npoints to some differentiation according to gender and role. We know that\nin the abstract men and women are equally chosen by God and are equal recipients\nof grace and gift-both \"pray and prophesy\" in the church (11:4,5).\nThis equality, however, is not entirely replicated in the\nsocial body. It is stated that \"a woman ought to have authority (exousia) over her head\" (11:10) because \"woman was made from man for man\" (11:8,9). For Paul the sexes are still differentiated; and so totally different hairdo's are appropriate to the respective sexes (11:13-15).\nFurther evidence of Paul's\nsense of role and status differentiation in 1 Corinthians is appropriate here.\nThe reader is reminded that as regards social roles, Paul called upon the\nCorinthians: \"Let every one of you lead the life which the Lord has assigned\nhim and in which God has called him\" (7:17). And \"in whatever state\neach was called, there let him remain with God\" (7:24). Slaves maintain\ntheir same social role and rank of slaves; Jews are still Jews; Gentiles remain\nGentiles. Again in ch 12, Paul reminds the church that there is no radical\nblurring of roles in the body of Christ: \"If all were a single organ\nwhere would the body be?\"\n(12:17). If the whole body were an ear, where would be the sense of smell? (12:17b). Differentiation of bodily organs is expected and desired. This configuration, moreover, is God's doing: \"But as it is, God arranged the organs in the body, each one of them as he chose\" (12:18). Finally, roles within the social body are very clearly articulated by Paul; there is no blurring: \"first apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, then healers, helpers, administrators, speakers in various kinds of tongues\" (12:28a). The maintenance of roles and sexual differentiation in regard to hairdo's in 11:2-16 is replicated in 1 Cor in Paul's maintenance\nof roles and status differentiation in the body of Christ.\nReturning to 11:3, the\nterm \"head\" (kephale) is not devoid of importance. Although\nMurphy-O'Connor insists that it not be translated as authority or supremacy\n(1980:491-93), perhaps that point needs to be revised in the light of the\npresent discussion. Despite the freedom\nslogans found in the letter ('Am I not free?\" 9:1; 'All things are lawful for me,\" 6:12, 10:23), Paul by no means sees authority abolished in the new creation (see 16:15-16). From the point of view of body symbolism, \"head\" denotes high position, rank, and authority (Schwartz, 1981: 51-\n52). So when Paul says that \"the head of a woman is her husband\" (11:3), \"head\" denotes higher authority and rank attributed to husbands. This is repeated in 11:10 where woman, who is from man and for man, ought to have \"authority\" (exousia) over her head. She is situated \"lower\" than\nman: she is \"from\" man and \"for\" him; he has exousia \"over\" her. Every man, too, is subject to authority for \"the head of every man is Christ (11:3).\nThis sense of rank and\nauthority occurs in the description of the body of Christ in ch 12. \"Feet\"\nare said to complain that they are not \"hands\": \"Because I\nam not a hand, I do not belong to the body (12:15); \"eyes\" lord\nit over \"hands\" and \"heads\" over \"feet\": \"I\nhave no need of you\" (12:21). Yet in spite of the problems reflected\nin the discourse in 12:14-21, Paul does not favor abolishing distinctions\nof rank and status in the body: \"If all were a single organ, where would\nthe body be?\" (12:19).\nBody imagery affords still another clue to rank and authority. Even Christ is said to have a \"head\" over him: \"The head of Christ is God\" (11:3). In 1 Cor 15:20-28 Christ is spoken of as the new Adam-the new head/source. On one level the argument simply states that as all die in Adam, so all-rise in Christ (15:21-22). But the passage says much more: like Adam, Christ has dominion and rule over all creation (15:24; Gen 1:26-28). His \"headship\" is visualized by his having \"all things in subjection under his feet\" (15:25, 27). Christ is \"head\" as source and as ruler. Yet even Christ-as-head is perceived to be in a structural relationship with God: .\nWhen all things are subjected\nto him (Christ)\nthen the Son himself will also be subjected\nto him who put all things under him,\nthat God may be everything to everyone (15:29).\nOn one level this serves as an answer to the Corinthians who espoused an overly realized eschatology: the last enemy, death, has not yet been subjected. But terms such as \"head. ..feet\" and \"subjected\" are body language suggesting role differentiation, structural relationships, even authority and hierarchy. I suggest that this language in 1 Cor 15:20-28 serves other purposes: 1) to reassert concepts of control where pneumatic freedom threatens communal cohesion, 2) to support authority where it is weak, and 3) to affirm structure where it is blurred. If Christ, truly risen and genuinely free, is perceived as \"subjected to him who put all things under him,\" then the free and spirit-filled Corinthians can see a model for their own structural relationship to Paul's authority and that of other leaders of the group (see 16:16). \"The head of Christ is God\" (11:3) implies that even Christ has a structured relationship to God; he himself is not absolutely free of authority and control. So, when men and women are said to have \"heads\" over them, they are no worse off than Christ. .\nIn summary, we began with a discussion of hairdo's in 11:2-16. The simple fact emerged that Paul sees control of the body surface as appropriate and so enjoins it. But regulation of body surfaces correlates with Paul's regulation of body orifices. Yet the regulation of hair styles symbolizes also sexual and role differentiation in the social body. The fact that control in 11:2-16 is exercised over the \"heads\" of men and women pointed to the place of authority and rank in a structured body cosmology, a point amply verified in chs 11, 12, 15. The upshot of this investigation was to define further Paul's controlled body cosmology by seeing the correlation between regulation of body surfaces and social classification systems. Control of the \"head\" and regulation of specific hairdo's for men and for women replicate role differentiation and authority structure which is appropriate to that type of social body.\nIV.THE BODY OF CHRIST\nBesides concern for orifices of the body and its surface, Paul speaks at great length about the \"body of Christ\" which is the church. The social body of the church is a holy body, the body of Christ (12:12; 6:15). Its holiness consists, moreover, in being filled with a \"holy\" Spirit (12:4-11,13; see 3:16 and 6:19). But the holiness of the body is likewise perceived in terms of its wholeness, viz. unity. One of the functions of the holy Spirit in 12:4-11 is to unify the cornucopia of gifts given to the body's diverse members. It is through \"the same Spirit\" that wisdom is given to one, knowledge to another, and prophecy to still another (12:8-10). Not only is diversity of gifts unified in \"the same Spirit,\" but diversity of races and roles is unified in \"the one Spirit\": \"By one Spirit we were all baptized into one body-Jews or Greeks, slaves or free-and all were made to drink of one Spirit\" (12:13). Unity is touched upon in the remarks which indicate that the \"same\" Spirit, Lord and God are the dispensers of different gifts (12:4-7). All of the gifts, moreover, have a unifying purpose; they’re \"for the common good\" (12:7), that is, for the \"building up\" of the body (see 1 Cor 14:3-5, 12, 26). The body, then, is holy in virtue of its \"holy\" Spirit, and its holiness is perceived in terms of its wholeness. As wholeness is a mark of the purity of the physical body, so unity manifests the holiness of the social body.\nThe greatest threat to\na holy body is pollution; the most dangerous threat to a whole body is division.\nPaul repeatedly expresses concern with \"divisions\" in the church\nover them: \"I belong to Paul...I belong to Apollos...I belong to Cephas...I belong to Christ\" (1:12; 3:4). Divisions, moreover, are made between strong and weak (1:18-29), wise (knowing) and foolish (8:1-3), free and unfree (8:10-13), sated and hungry (11:18-22). Jealousy and strife\nare rampant (1:11; 3:3). Some even \"puff themselves up\" against others (4:6, 18-19; 5:2; 8:1). Some look only to their own good and not to the good of their neighbor (10:24,29). The premier unifying event is the Eucharistic meeting: \"Because there is one bread, we who are many are one\nbody, for we all partake of the one bread\" (10:17). But even this unifying event is \"divided\" by factions (11:18-19). The body at\nIn the description of the body of Christ in 12:14-26 the threatening pollutants are already within the body. Two different sets of anatomical parts speak in 12:15-16 and 21. The first set speaks from a sense of inferiority, expressing the feeling that they are not welcome in the body.\nThe foot, because it is not the hand, says \"I do not belong to the body\" (12:15) and the ear, because it is not the eye, says \"I do not belong to the body\" (12:16). The second set speaks from a sense of superiority, expressing the view that they are the only worthy members of the body. The eye says to the hand, \"I have no need of you,\" and the head says the same to the feet (12:21). Both of these postures are polluting because they would corrupt the body for the same reason; they attack its basic wholeness, and so its holiness. Inferiority attitudes make that person an outsider to the rest of the group (recall 14:11) and superiority attitudes, which foster individualism and elitism, humiliate others (recall 11:22). If left unchecked, the social body will be tragically divided by these attitudes; and a divided body is corrupt.\nThe view of the church as a body expresses other important aspects such as differentiation, roles and ranking. There is no doubt that the organs and parts of the body are in fact differentiated. \"If the whole body were an eye, where would be the hearing? If the whole body were an ear, where would be the sense of smell?\" (12:17). As it is, there are head, hands, and feet as well as eyes, ears, and nose. This differentiation, moreover, is part of the way things should be; it is ordained by God in creation: \"But as it is, God arranged the organs in the body, each one of them, as he chose\" (12:18). God, then, has drawn the official map of the physical body.\nThe differentiated parts\nof the body are also ranked. The head is greater than the feet; the eye is\nmore important than the ear; the hand is above the foot. Paul even admits\nthat in the body there are honorable and less honorable parts, presentable\nand inferior parts, stronger and weaker\nmembers (12:22-24). The ranking of the differentiated parts is related to the roles ascribed to the members of the church: \"first there are apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then...then... then...\" (12:28b). This, too, is God's doing for \"God has appointed\" them (12:28b). God has\nalso drawn the map of the social body. Even the charismatic gifts can be differentiated and ranked: prophecy over tongues, and charity over all (12:31; 13:13).\nThe body of Christ, then,\nis a structured and differentiated body. It is, moreover, a holy body whose\nwholeness is threatened with polluting division. In ch 5 the remedy for such\na threatening pollutant was to expel it; but that is not appropriate here\nfor it would cause the very\nthing Paul wants to prevent, viz., a divided body. The remedy proposed by Paul has to do with a renewed sense of personal identity which is characteristic of a controlled body. As we noted in regard to chs 8-10, individualism in regard to eating idol meat denoted a sense of identity\ncontrary to Paul's group-oriented viewpoint. On the other hand, \"building up the body\" and \"not seeking one's good but the good of others\" (10:24) are actions commensurate with a sense of identity which is group oriented.\nSo with the body of Christ in ch 12. The members who most clearly tend to individualism are urged to be more group oriented, to seek the good of others. The honorable parts of the body are to invest with greater honor those parts they consider less honorable; the presentable, the unpresentable parts; the superior, the inferior parts (12:23- 24). In short, they should not seek their own good but the good of others, since God has \"adjusted the body, giving the greater honor to the inferior part.\"\nThis advice is repeated in the discourse on agape in 13:4-7. For the elite, \"love\" should mean building up (8:1); it means seeking the good of others. Love, therefore, is \"patient and kind...not boastful, arrogant or rude.\" The inferior parts, too, are told to think of the good of others and not to be \"jealous...resentful...but to bear all things and endure all things.\" A principle is stated which applies to superior and inferior attitudes alike: \"Love does not insist on its own way\" (13:5). This strategy should produce a salutary result in the body, viz., a healing of division and genuine unity: \"That there be no discord in the body, but all the members may have the same care for one another\" (12:25). This sense of group identity is correspondingly applied to the gifts which are the subject of the discussion in chs 12-14. Although there are \"varieties of gift... varieties of service...varieties of working\" (12:4-6), each of these is given \"for the common good\" (12:7).\nV.THE RESURRECTION BODY\nOne final text interests us: the discussion of \"with what kind of body\" are the dead raised? (15:35ff). The perspective of these remarks is anthropological, so questions of gnosticism or Greek background in the Corinthian argument over whether there is a resurrection (15:12) cannot be addressed here. Rather I am interested in why Paul emphatically insists on BODY as the appropriate characteristic of the risen state: \"It is raised a spiritual BODY. If there is a physical BODY, there is also a spiritual BODY\" (15:44).\nFrom the perspective of this essay, one would expect that there might be two contrasting views of the resurrection, views which perhaps are compatible and consistent with the Pauline and non-Pauline positions discussed throughout this work. And in fact, critical scholarship has suggested a coherent reconstruction of the non-Pauline viewpoint of the Corinthian pneumatics.  Briefly, then, the pneumatics are 1) credited with espousing an overly realized eschatology (4:8), 2) whereby they are beyond the body, which is at best neutral (6:12-13), and into things spiritual; 3) the result is the abolition of all control and the celebration of radical freedom: \"All things are lawful!\" (6:12; 10:23), 4) which results in a denial of social and sexual differentiation (5:1-2; 11:2-16); 5) in this perspective, \"resurrection\" would be perceived as a spiritual condition unrestrained by and unrelated to the physical and social BODY.\nThis perspective is reflected in 15:45--49. A radical contrast is made between Adam and Christ, which would imply that in the eschaton, when Christ and his followers are \"resurrected,\" what results is \"spirit\" and not body.\nFirst Adam Second Adam\n1. The first Adam became a \"living 1. The last Adam became a \"life-giving\nbeing\" (psychen); spirit\" (pneuma);\n2. The physical (to psychikon) is first, 2. then the spiritual (to pneumatikon);\nAs was the man of earth so are 3. and as is\nthe man of heaven, so\nthose who are of dust; are those who are of heaven.\nA radical distinction is made between what is (a) a \"living being...physical...of earth\" and (b) \"a life-giving spirit...spiritual...of heaven.\" Although this is probably Pauline in origin, it is certainly capable of being co-opted by the pneumatics, especially 15:45 where it says that \"the last Adam (the risen Jesus) became a SPIRIT.\" Historical questions aside, my interest lies in what correlation there might be between one's view of body and of resurrection. In the case of Paul's opponents, it would seem that resurrection as SPIRIT would adequately express their eschatological perspective and reflect their typology of a non-controlled body.\nThe Pauline perspective\non eschatology differs on every point from that of the pneumatics at\ndiscourse on \"what kind of body occurs in the resurrection\" is governed\nby a basic purity principle. \"Flesh and blood cannot inherit the\nThe substance of Paul's argument occurs in 15:35-44, when a series of three contrasts is presented. First, dried and dead seeds are contrasted with living plants (15:36-37); then terrestrial bodies are contrasted with celestial bodies (15:39-41); finally, un-resurrected bodies are contrasted with resurrection bodies (15:42-44). But the common denominator in the analogical argument is the fact that living plants, celestial phenomena, and resurrected persons are all described in somatic language as BODIES:\n1. \"What you sow is not the BODY which is to be, but a bare kernel\" (15:37).\n2. \"There are celestial BODIES and there are terrestrial 'BODIES\" (15:40).\n3. \"It is sown a physical BODY; it is raised a spiritual BODY. If there is a physical BODY, there is also a spiritual BODY\" (15:44).\nis this so? As God gave bodies at creation, so God will also allocate bodies\nin the eschaton: \"God will give it a BODY as he has chosen\" (15:39).\nThe holy, immortal, and imperishable God himself gives an appropriate BODY\nto what is mortal and perishable so that it may come into\nGod's holy space.\nCommentators  often remark that Paul's idea of a \"spiritual body\" contains the sense of \"a total person controlled by God's spirit\" (Sider 1975:434). \"Control\" is the operative concept here, for just as Paul would see a charismatic body on earth acting orderly and in control (14:32), so should a spiritual body in heaven. The idea of order and control is communicated in the insistence that what is raised is a BODY. Paul's insistence on BODY even in the resurrected state replicates his general body typology. The \"bodies\" which are described in 15:36-41 are differentiated bodies which may be ranked in a hierarchy. The classification system on earth ranks bodies as 1) human, 2) animal, 3) bird, and 4) fish; this, or course, is based on God's work at creation. There is a corresponding classification and hierarchy in \"celestial bodies\": 1) sun, 2) moon, and 3) stars. Even among heavenly bodies, \"star differs from star in glory\" (15:41). One should see this alongside other remarks about Christian resurrection where there is order, pattern and differentiation: \"In Christ shall all be made alive. But each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ\" (15:22-23). In heaven, there will be a distinct hierarchy among its inhabitants: God, Christ, then Christians. In the risen state in God's presence, moreover, there will not be a total abolition of authority and structure. True, \"every rule and every authority and power\" will be put under Christ's feet (15:24), but then Christ will be under God's feet (see 15:28). For the head of Christ is God; the head of man is Christ. As it is on earth, so it will be in heaven.\nAccording to Paul, then, the heavenly world will maintain important elements of the earthly world. As God differentiated the parts of the physical and social body (12:18, 24), so \"God will give it a (risen) body as he has chosen\" (15:38). As there is a hierarchy of \"heads\" and authority on earth (11:3), so Christ will be subject to God even when the end comes and all is put under his feet (15:24-28). As there was BODY on earth, which implied order and control, so Paul maintains that there will be BODY in heaven as well. The order of God's creation will not be abolished in heaven.\nVI. A MODEL: THE ATHLETE'S BODY\nPaul's attitude to the physical body and its replication of the social body is never clearer than in the athletic metaphor he uses in 9:24-27. As far as the metaphor goes, the physical body is subject to strong regulation. Every athlete \"exercises self control in all things\" (9:25); an athlete \"regulates\" his body and \"subdues\" it (9:27). No individual member of the body escapes this control: the legs do not run aimlessly nor do the fists box the air (9:26). This points to strong coordination of the individual members toward a common goal, for the common good.\nThe metaphor serves as the final point in Paul's argument to the knowledgeable ones who proclaim freedom to eat idol meat. He has shown in ch 9 that he himself is as \"free\" as anyone in regard to specific items, such as support; he has a right (exousia, 9:4,6,12) which is validated in tradition, Jesus' words and the Law. Yet Paul voluntarily regulates this right and foregoes its privileges (9:15,17) for the sake of the common good, viz., the preaching of the gospel (9:23). Paul seeks not his own good, but the good of others, \"I have become all things to all men that I might save some\" (9:22). He presents his own behavior as a model for those who would eat idol meat: restraint of freedom (vs. exercise of rights) for the sake of communal cohesion (vs. individualism).\nThe athlete metaphor reinforces this argument by showing circumstances where discipline, self-control, regulation of the body, and group-oriented behavior are appropriate. Paul's use of the athlete metaphor implies that it is appropriate in his life as a general principle, not just in regard to his rights and freedoms. And so, Paul implies, life is an athletic contest and the discipline, regulation, self-control appropriate to athletic training are perennial norms structuring one's life. This, of course, is the predictable attitude to the body from the viewpoint of a strong \"group\" or controlled body cosmology.\nSUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS\nMary Douglas' remarks\non BODY and her anthropological model prove to be an accurate and useful heuristic\ndevice for evaluating the contrasting attitudes to body in 1 Corinthians.\nIn particular, Paul's viewpoint in the letter may be accurately described\naccording to the cosmology ofa controlled body (strong \"group\"/high\n\"grid\"), whereas the position attributed to Paul's opponents in\n1 Corinthians fits the cosmology of a group which is weak \"group\"/low\n\"grid.\" Valuable also is the insight into the correlation of physical\nand social body, viz., how attitudes to the physical body are replicated in\nthe way the social body is perceived.\n1. unity, cohesion 1. wholeness, bodily integrity\n2. clear roles, status, & classifications 2. hierarchy of bodily parts, especially head & members\n3. boundaries marked & guarded 3. orifices & surfaces regulated\nAlternately, the chief evil in Paul's world is \"pollution,\" which likewise is expressed in both social and physical terms.\nSocial Pollution Physical Pollution\n1. factions, divisions 1. split or deformed bodies\n2. confused roles; weak authority 2. weak bodily discipline or differentiation of body parts; confused gender indication\n3. porous boundaries 3. unguarded orifices & surfaces\nsuccessful application of\nOne might ask, however,\nwhether Paul's perspective in 1 Corinthians is typical of him? Is the model\napplicable to other Pauline letters? It is beyond the scope of this study\nto pursue these important questions. But a quick glance at the Pauline corpus\nsuggests places to test the model\nin other Pauline letters and to ascertain whether the positions taken in 1 Corinthians are typical of Paul elsewhere. For example, (1) Paul's concern in 1 Corinthians with holiness of the body should be compared with his remarks on holiness in Rom 12:1-2; 13:12-14, Phil 1:20 and 1 Thess 4:1-8. (2) His concern with regulating bodily orifices in 1 Corinthians might be compared with remarks about eating in Rom 14-1S (esp. 14:21) and about marriage in 1 Thess 4:4-7 and 2 Cor 6:14-7:1. (3) The understanding of the church as a \"body\" in Rom 12:4-8 could be compared with the use of that metaphor in 1 Cor 12. (4) One might also wish to reevaluate the designation of the members of Paul's churches as \"the saints\" in the light of this material. (S) The importance of authority in 1 Corinthians might be compared with Paul's advice to be obedient to legitimate authority in Rom 13.\nBesides these specific\nbody issues, a comparison could be made of Paul's attitudes to related topics\nin 1 Corinthians and the other letters. For example, the value given to roles\nand rank within the church and in the secular world might be assessed; one\nthinks immediately of Rom 13:1-7, but also of PhiI2:1g.-30. The contextualized\nunderstanding of freedom in 1 Corinthians might profitably be compared with\nthe language of \"slaves of God...and of righteousness\" in Rom 6:13-22,\nespecially in light of the diatribal false conclusion that Christians might\nbe \"lawless.\" Gal 5:1 and 13-15 deserve to be assessed in this light\nas well. The perception of pollution threatening the group could also be investigated,\nwhether this means pollution as seduction (see 2 Cor 11:1-3, 12-1S) or as\nthreat to unity (see Gal S:1S, 22; Phil 3:1-11 (esp. 6-7)). The personal identity\nof members of the church as group oriented might be tested in\nPhiI2:1-S, 14-18 (esp 2:3-4) and in 1 Thess 1:3 and 4:9-12.\nThe use of\n1975 Natures Work of Art: the Human Body as Image of the\nBenthall, J. and Polhemus,\n1975 The Body as Medium of Expression.\nBlacking, John (ed.)\n1977 The Anthropology of the Body. ASA Monograph 15.\nCollins, Adela Y.\n1980 \"The Function of 'Excommunication' in Paul.\" HTR 73:251-63.\n1975 1 Corinthians.\n1975 '1 Corinthians 11:2-16 and Paul's Views Regarding Women.\" JBL 94:94-110.\nDahl. Nils A.\n1967 \"Paul and the\niv.21.\" Pp. 313--35 in Christian History and Interpretation: Studies Presented to John Knox. W. Farmer (ed.).\nDavies, W. D.\n1957 \"Paul and the\nDerrett, J. Duncan\n1977 \"Religious Hair.\" Vol. 1, pp. 170-75 in Studies in the New Testament\n1969 \"Social Preconditions of Enthusiasm and Heterodoxy.\"\nPp. 69-80 in Forms of Symbolic Action. Proceedings of the 1969 Annual\nSpring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society. Robert F. Spenser (ed.)\n1973 Natural Symbols.\n1975 Implicit Meanings.\n1982 In the Active\n1981 The Lords Table.\nFirth, Raymond W.\n1973 Symbols: Public and Private.\n1958 Body Image and Personality.\nFitzmyer, Joseph A.\n1957 “A Feature of\nFord, Josephine M.\n1974 \"You are God's 'Sukkah' (1 Cor 3:10-17).\" NTS 21:139-42.\n1972 The Limits of Religious Community: Expulsion from the Religious Community within\n1959 The Presentation of the Self in Every-Day Life. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday.\nGrollig, F. X. and Haley,\nHarold B. (eds.)\n1976 Medical Anthropology.\nGundry, Robert H.\n1976 SOMA in Biblical Theology.\n1959 The Silent Language. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday.\nHorsley, Richard A.\n1976 \"Pneumatikos vs Psychikos: Distinctions of Spiritual Status among the Corinthians.\" HTR 69:269-88.\n1978a \"Consciousness and Freedom among the Corinthians: 1 Corinthians 8-10.\" CBQ 40:574-89.\n'How can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead?'\nSpiritual Elitism in\nHurd, John C.\nOrigin of 1 Corinthians.\nHunzinger, C. H.\n1954 Die judische Bannpraxis im neutestamentlicher Zeitalter. G6ttingen:\nVandenhoeck und Ruprecht.\nIsenberg, Sheldon K.\n1975 \"Mary Douglas and Hellenistic Religions: the Case of\nIsenberg, Sheldon K. and Owen, Dennis E.\n1977 \"Bodies natural and Contrived: The Work of Mary Douglas.\" Religious Studies Review 3:1-16.\n1955 \"Flesh and Blood Cannot Inherit the\n1971 Paul’s Anthropological Terms.\n1971 \"The Theological\nProblem Presented by the Motif of the Body of Christ.\" Pp. 102,-21 in\nPerspectives on Paul.\nKraemer, R. S.\n1979 \"Ecstasy and Possession: the Attraction of Women to the Cult of Dionysius.\" HTR 71:55-80.\n1978 \"Frau und Mann nach 1 Kor 11,11f\" BZ 22:270-75.\nLampe, G. W. H.\n1967 \"Church Discipline and the Interpretation of the Epistles to the Corinthians.\" Pp. 337-61 in Christian History and Interpretation: Studies Presented to John Knox.\nLeach, E. R.\n1958 \"Magical Hair.\" journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 88:147-64.\nLincoln, A. T.\n1979 \"'Paul the Visionary': The Setting and Significance\nof the Rapture to\nMacRae, D. G.\n1975 \"The Body and Social Metaphors.\" Pp. 59-63 in The Body as Medium of Expression.\nMalina, Bruce J.\n1978a \"The Social World Implied in the Letters of the\nChristian Bishop Martyr (Named Ignatius of\n1978b \"Freedom: A Theological Inquiry into the Dimensions of a Symbol.\"BTB 8:62-76.\n1979 \"The Individual and Community-Personality in the Social World of Early Christianity.\" BTB 9:126-38.\n1981 The New Testament World. Lnsights from Cultural Anthropology.\n1973 \"Techniques of the Body,\" Economy and Society 2:70-88.\n1974 \"The Image of the Androgyne: Some Uses of a Symbol in Earliest Christianity.\" HR\n1977 \"In One Body:\nthe Unity of Humankind in Colossians and Ephesians.\" Pp. 209-21 in Gods\nChrist and His People: Studies in Honor of Nils Alstrup Dahl. Jacob Jervell\nand Wayne Meeks (eds.).\n1983 The First Urban\n1975 \"I Cor. 13:8-13 Reconsidered.\" CBQ 37:86-97.\n1978a \"Corinthian Slogans in 1 Cor 6:12-20.\" CBQ 40:391-96.\n1978b \"Freedom of the Ghetto (1 Cor VIII. 1-3; X. 23-XI.1).\" RB 85:543-74.\n1979 \"Food and Spiritual Gifts in 1 Cor 8:8.\" CBQ 41:292-98.\n1980 \"Sex and Logic in 1 Corinthians 11:2-16.\" CBQ 42:482.\n1973 Right and Left: Essays on Dual Symbolic Classification.\n1973 The Pneumatikos-Psychikos Terminology in 1 Corinthians.\nA Study in the Theology of the Corinthian Opponents of Paul in Relation to\n1981 \"Biblical Leprosy and Body Symbolism.\" BTB 11:108-13.\n1975 \"Social Bodies.\" Pp. 13-35 in The Body as a Medium of Expression.\nPostal, Susan Koessler\n1965 \"Body-Image and Identity: A Comparison of Kwakiutl and Hopi.\" American Anthropologist 67:455-60.\nRobinson, John A. T.\n1952 The Body.\nA Study in Pauline Theology.\n1980 \"Judgment, Immorality, and Sexual Ethics in 1 Corinthians\n6.\" Pp. 337-57 in SBL Seminar Papers.\n1977 \"Spirit Christology: Ambiguity and Promise.\" TS 38;423-49.\nScheflen, Albert and Alice\nLanguage and the Social Order: Communication as Behavioral Control.\n1950 The Image and Appearance of the Human Body.\n1983 In Memory\n1981 Vertical Classification:\nA Study in Structuralism and the Sociology of Knowledge.\n1971a \"Soma.\" TDNT VII 1024-94.\n1971b.\"Sarx.\" TDNT VII 98-151.\n1972 \"Paul and the Eschatological Woman.\" JAAR 40:283-303.\n1974 \"Paul and the Eschatological Woman: Revisited.\" JAAR 42:532-37.\nNew Testament and Homosexuality.\n1975 \"The Pauline Conception of the Resurrection Body in 1 Corinthians XV.35-54.\" NTS 21:428-39.\n1980 \"Pauline Worship as Seen by Pagans.\" HTR 73:241-49.\nAngelic Liturgy at\nSocial Setting of Pauline Christianity.\nThiselton, A. C.\n1973 \"The Meaning of Sarx in 1 Corinthians 5:5 A Fresh Approach in the Light of Logical and Semantic Factors.\" SJT 26:204-27.\n1978 \"Realized Eschatology at\n1979 \"The 'Interpretation' of Tongues: A New Suggestion in Light of Greek Usage in Philo and Josephus.” JTS 30:15-36.\nThrall, M. E.\n1977 \"The Problem of II Cor VI.14-VII.1 in Some Recent Discussion.\" NTS 24:132-148.\n1969 The Ritual\nProcess: Structure and Anti-Structure.\nWedderburn, A. J. M.\n1981 \"The Problem of the Denial of the Resurrection in 1 Cor XV.” NT 23:229-41.\n1964 \"Zyme.\" TDNT II 902-906.\n I am deeply endebted to\nSheldon Isenberg (1977:7--8) and Bruce Malina (1978a:102-103) for the following\nchart which they put together to systematize\n Paul speaks of persons\nand things as \"holy\" (hagios) in a variety of ways: a) Christians,\nas opposed to non-Christians, are \"holy\"; they are \"the saints...\na people set apart (1:2; 3:17; 6:1-2; 14:33; and 16:1,15); b) what is not\ndiluted or divided is \"holy... as in the case of an unmarried person\nbeing \"anxious about the affairs of the Lord (7:34); such a one is \"holy\nin mind and body.\" On totality and holiness, see\n It is debated just what Paul is referring to in 5:1 (see Conzelmann 1975:96); it is unlikely that this sexual union is incest or an adulterous relationship of a man with his stepmother. The reference to a man's \"having\" his father's wife suggest a more permanent relationship such as marriage or concubinage. It is, however, a sexual union which Paul considers illicit.\n On the metaphorical character of leaven, see Windisch (1964:904-05); and Philo, Q. Ex. I.15 & II.14.\n Jerome Murphy-O'Connor\nargues from a purely literary perspective that 6:13,18 and 8:12 represent\na slogan at\n The material in 5:9-13 confirms Paul’s concern with purity of the body. While the focus in 5:9-13 is the maintenance of a firm, clear boundary between what is clean and unclean, the issue is not, as Paul says, \"the immoral of the world\" (5:10), but the unclean within the group (\"anyone who bears the name of brother who is guilty of immorality, etc.\" 5:11). Let God judge \"outsiders,\" but \"those inside you are to judge\" (5:12). The inside of the holy social body must be kept pure by expelling the pollutant beyond its boundaries (5:13). This concern with social boundaries is replicated in Paul's concern with the orifices of the physical body.\n It is debated whether\n7:1 is a slogan of some group at\n On dividedness (or lack\nof \"totality\"), see note 2 above and\n On exogamous marriages, see David Bossman, \"Ezra's Marriage Reform: Israel Redefined,\" BTB 9 (1979) 32-39.\n In 10:1-4, other food\nand drink is permitted. After\n For further remarks on the way the Eucharist is a boundary making phenomenon in the early church, see Meeks (1983:159-162).\n See Gen 9:20-21 and Philo's remarks on these verses in Plant. 142-48.\n The divisions at the Eucharist may be analyzed on the basis of differences in social rank and economics; see Theissen (1982:124-132, 153-162).\n See Conzelmann (1975:195 note 22) on the common censuring in classical times of \"divisions\" at banquets caused by individualism and the lack of commensality; on the anthropology of commensality, see Feeley-Harnik (1981:85-91).\n For an excellent treatment of \"freedom\" from a social-science perspective which brings out the contrasts between Paul and his pneumatic opponents, see Malina (1978b:62-76).\n There is a strong missionary motive expressed here and in the argument against divorce in 7:12-14. Although Paul regularly views the church and the human body under the rubric of purity and pollution, his strong missionary sense leads him to be flexible about the group's boundaries where there is the possibility \"that I might win the more\" to Christ (see 9:19-23).\n On the character of purity associated with hair. see Derrett (1977 :171-75) and Leach (1958: 147-M).\n See David Daube, \"Disgrace,\" The New Testament and Rabbinic Judaism (New York: Arno Press 1973) 301-303.\n On angelic liturgies, see Strugnell (1960:318-45).\n This text is fast becoming\nthe shibboleth of various liberation groups in\n See Kurzinger (1978:270-75).\n See Thiselton (1978:512-25) and Horsley (1978b:203-31).\n Jeremias (1955:151-54) offers important biblical parallels which extend the purity/pollution sense of “flesh and blood” as sinful; see also Philo Somn. I.148 and Fuga 59.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Expectations: Key to Understanding Others\nDo really first impression last? Many would disagree would this because upon meeting another for the first time, everything we know seems to be superficial, and the more we spend time with certain people, we get to know them better, making first impression either incorrect or simply inaccurate. However, this blogpost will not focus on these impressions, rather on our expectations which could be developed since the first meeting or the succeeding ones. This is actually for me very crucial how we understand based on them.\nThe popular definition of expectation has three parts: (1) it is a strong belief, (2) of something will happen, or (3) be the case. So from the definition, it is clear that expectations revolves around events or situations, not individuals. However, this events maybe the result of action of humans that aid in creating the belief, or further strengthening the expectation. So what can we understand by this.\nExpectation is a mere supposition.\nIf there is a pattern, then one could either infer or predict. This is true in mathematics and logic. However, when one deals with behavior, this is a different aspect. People still use logic with behavior inducing and deducing what probably will happen or explaining why things happen. In the contrary, expectations of behavior are not accurate supposition. These are just estimates, that are probably very inaccurate. It is subjective and sometimes based on feelings, rather than logic. It is natural to make expectations, but one should only use it to infer with a short period of time. For example, the next action after this moment, rather than what it will be tomorrow. The longer the duration one expects to behave as expected, the greater the chance of logical error one makes.\nExpectation is a product of the mind to instill order.\nOur minds will always seek what is easier for us to understand based on logic. That is just how our brains work. We fit experiences to a pattern we make based on what happened before. This is how we avoid mistakes by not repeating them. This is psychologically-known as conditional responses. However, the same mind pathway makes us expect things based on what we experience. If something is uncertain, we associate it to the nearest easily-understood phenomenon. For example, our hunches give us the idea of something bad. We expect bad things to happen because we feel an undefined anxiety. There may not be a bad situation, but only a bad feeling which made us to believe on our bad hunch. This is the most logical way the mind can do. Moreover, kissing or hugging maybe interpreted actions of affections when in fact, they are not. We only expected them to be because it is the most orderly thing to believe on.\nExpectations either limit or expands our understanding of others.\nThe result of expectations could either be restrictive and constructive. Expectations could be compared to a box that either contains or expands. We put people on self-created boxes of understanding. A man could be perceived good and orderly. So that man will no longer do anything crazy. The moment he actually makes mistakes, the mistake is blown out of proportion, because he is expected not to commit that mistake, which others make it naturally. This is restrictive in the sense that one loses the concept of multifacet personality. One has both good and bad sides, and even many in between. Our expectations are therefore false and judgmental at the same time. We put people on boxes, believing they should behave according to how he or she expected.\nIn a practical sense, expectations could give advantage and disadvantages to communication and relationship. It is beneficial to detect changes in habits, thereby initiating further questions to avoid future more serious problems. It also provides a sense of stability, but it is a sign of monotony. One could not be placed in a box of expectations, such that he or she shoudld behave in such way because it is the most probable thing to occur. There would be loss of the surprise factor, or the willingness to explore something better because one is already expected to do what he or she is expected to. Worse, expectations could be used as weapon by others, by hiding changes under the blanket of expectations. Since one is expected to behave such, one will continue to do so, with the intention of hiding what the real thing is. It is therefore important for us to make expectations as baseline of behavior or a spring board, not as a definitive conclusion or rule for understanding others.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Cassini Grande Finale from Caltech with UnivEarthS team\nThe mission ended in complete silence where everyone held their breath, followed by a few tears and a thunder of applause. Closing a chapter of the study of Saturn, its moons and rings, the Cassini spacecraft plunged to Saturn on September 15, 2018, burning as it entered the atmosphere, while on Earth the ship’s explosion was noticed by the sudden silence of the transmitted signal.\nA host of scientists and engineers – some of whom have been involved in the project since its inception in the 1980s – have met at JPL and on the Caltech campus. Among them were some members of the UnivEarthS teams: Sébastien Rodriguez, Stéphane Le Moellic, Chloé Daudon, Cécile Ferrari, Sébastien Charnoz, Isabelle Grenier, etc. Awake in the middle of the night to attend the end of the mission, they observed the last minutes of the spaceship.\n“For 13 years, we have been running a marathon of scientific discoveries and we are in the last lap.” said Linda Spilker. In the Theodore von Kármán Auditorium and on the Caltech campus, giant screens have been installed to allow the public to watch Cassini’s last minutes live from the JPL Mission Control. An atmosphere both euphoric and tense prevailed over the crowd of scientists present.\nAs Cassini plunged into Saturn’s atmosphere, his mass spectrometer sampled the atmosphere as the ship struggled against the friction of the atmosphere to keep its antenna pointed toward the Earth (with a delay of 83 minutes).\nSome members of Cassini’s scientific team held their breath and others encouraged it – “Just give me a few more minutes of data! “Look, there’s still a signal, it’s still fighting! “. A total silence fell when the data peaks abruptly flattened, first on the X band, then on the S band.\nThe spacecraft was officially declared silent at 04:55 Pacific daylight time, and it is estimated that it completely disintegrated about a minute later.\n“I just heard that the signal has disappeared, and so will the spacecraft in the next 45 seconds. I am deeply proud of this wonderful accomplishment, congratulations to all of you. This was an incredible mission, an incredible spacecraft, and you’ve all been an amazing team. Project Manager, off. ” On campus, a thunderous applause echoed after Earl Maize’s last words. A moment both precious and sad for the end of a mission that has accomplished so much, with boxes of tissues passed in the middle of smiles and shaking hands.\nSebastien Rodriguez summed up the atmosphere of this great moment: “We arrive at the end of this night that will be remembered, with a thought for all those who have accompanied us, from near or far, from the first generation to the newest of the young students who were with us tonight. It’s sadness that predominates for now, the pride, the chance to have participated in this absolutely incredible technological and human adventure. It may take us a few hours, even days, to step back and realize how lucky we were … “\n“We had a fantastic night, full of emotion …” says Cecile Ferrari. “It’s a story of 20 years or more that ends. We have a special thought for André Brahic, with whom the adventure began in Paris 7. “\nNow that the mission is over, Cassini’s team will teach future explorers what they’ve learned. “We’re very happy with what’s on the horizon – imagine how much data the Cassini probe has collected, dozens of terabytes are archived. For the example, on Voyager data we have some gigas that have been collected, and we have theses that have been supported on these data 20 years later … so we can imagine for the Cassini spacecraft the legacy that remains to be exploited again. The Cassini mission is not finished in fact, it is just beginning! “\nSébastien Charnoz also looks forward to the future with optimism: “Although Cassini is over, we may have two or three generations to explore the dataset, the whole Cassini archive, which is really the legacy of the mission. We also have people involved in the Juice mission to explore Ganymede, one of the moons of Jupiter, others in the mission to explore Phobos, one of the moon of Mars … The exploration of the solar system continues, with our university which is an integral part of all these missions. “", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A Toast to Optogenetics\n“This seems rather far-fetched but it is conceivable that molecular biologists could engineer a particular cell type to be sensitive to light.”\nThese words, published in 1999 by Francis Crick  (co-discoverer of the DNA double helix structure and a neuroscientist later in life) were incredibly prophetic. It did seem far-fetched, and yet, a mere six years after that, the first paper was published showing that mammalian neurons could be reliably activated with light. Here we are, 10 years later, and optogenetics – opto for “light” and genetics to refer to the fact that neurons are made light-sensitive by controlling gene expression – has rapidly become one of the most widely used tools in neuroscience. In honor of the 10th anniversary, let us celebrate as if optogenetics were not merely a scientific tool but rather a loved one celebrating 10 years of marriage. Let us raise our glasses for a toast and reminisce on how it all began!\nBut first, why the celebration? Why is optogenetics such a powerful tool that it merits an anniversary celebration at all? Imagine that you are a neuroscientist and you want to determine whether a population of neurons is important for something like memory or attention. To do that, you would need to inactivate that population and observe whether the behavior becomes impaired in order to establish that those neurons are necessary for that behavior. Depending on how strong a claim you want to make, you might even want to establish sufficiency, that activation of those neurons produces that behavior. This would require you to manipulate those neurons’ activity specifically and precisely. Manipulation has to be specific if you want to establish that those neurons alone are important for that behavior, and it has to be precise on a millisecond timescale that mirrors the activity of actual neuronal activity or else risk throwing off the entire system. Unfortunately, if you had wanted to do these experiments more than 10 years ago, you wouldn’t have been able to.\nThis brings us to the beginning of our anniversary slideshow, circa 2000, where we see Stanford students Ed Boyden and Karl Deisseroth pining over this very scenario. Many neuroscientists were trying to figure out how to specifically and precisely activate neurons, but most of the ideas involved magnetic or electric fields that were impossible to restrict to a single-neuron scale. Though only doctoral students at the time, Boyden and Deisseroth had the idea that light could be more precise, if only there was some way to make neurons light-sensitive…\nThe solution began to emerge when Boyden stumbled upon a whole field of literature on microbial opsins, which are proteins found in single-celled organisms, such as algae, that convert light into electrical energy. Most of the organisms in which these proteins had been found flourished in extremely salty environments, but for the first time in 1999, one particular protein was found whose optimal conditions were similar to the natural conditions inside the brain . A few years later in 2003, a group in Germany published a paper on the successful use of a new light-sensitive protein found in green algae, channelrhodopsin in cultured mammalian kidney cells . These findings hinted that perhaps these proteins could be viably expressed in neurons.\nTo fully appreciate the utility of activating neurons with light and how this might be achieved, it is necessary to understand that activity in the brain takes the form of electrical signals. At the level of a single neuron, the most basic unit of activity is an action potential, or more colloquially, a “spike”. A spike occurs when channels in the neuron’s membrane open and trigger a rush of positively-charged sodium ions into the neuron. This quick inward current and the following outward current caused by a rapid evacuation of positively-charged potassium ions out of the cell together produce the characteristic “spike” shape (Fig 1). From there, this electrical signal travels down the neuron’s axon and ultimately initiates the neuron’s release of chemical signals. When these neurotransmitters bind to the next neuron, its electrical activity is altered, and the process continues.\nChannelrhodopsin (ChR2) is a membrane channel similar to the channels controlling the neuronal spikes except that blue-wavelength light causes it to open, allowing any positively-charged ion to pass through. Thus, when blue light is shined onto neurons containing ChR2, sodium ions (which are positively-charged) are able to sneak in before the other channels in the neuron’s membrane have opened. This added charge inside the cell opens the floodgates for even more sodium to rush in and, voila! You’ve got active neurons firing many spikes at your command (Fig. 2).\nBut back in Palo Alto in 2003, this was merely an ideal scenario that had yet to be brought to fruition. Boyden and Deisseroth procured some ChR2 from the group in Germany and began perfecting their genetic delivery of the protein to neurons in a dish (for a nice description of how this works, see another optogenetics-themed NeuWrite post!). As it turns out, they were incredibly lucky that ChR2 was in many ways the perfect construct for what they wanted to achieve. A single gene was sufficient to make the fully-functioning protein, it safely expressed in mammalian neurons, and it worked on a fast enough timescale to be compatible with neuronal communication: altogether an incredible hat-trick of good fortune. In a classic case of feverish graduate student mania, Boyden went into his lab at 1am one morning in 2004 and for the first time recorded from a neuron expressing ChR2 that was easily activated by pulses of blue light. One year later, they published their seminal paper in Nature Neuroscience , thus consummating the holy academic sacrament that we are now celebrating 10 years later.\nIn the last decade, optogenetics has matured into a ubiquitous, powerful, and remarkably easy-to-use tool for neuroscientists of all kinds. In the years following their big paper, Boyden and Deisseroth – freshly minted young faculty working sometimes in collaboration and sometimes in competition – expanded the optogenetics toolkit by adding proteins that, unlike ChR2, inactivate neurons when excited by particular-wavelength light. Today, there are many different genetically optimized opsins that are available to use (see many of them here), some of which can do things that even Crick may not have thought possible; for instance, there is a set of “step-function” opsins that only need a brief light pulse to turn neurons “on or off” for an extended period of time, waiting for another light pulse to set them back to normal.\nBut arguably the most critical advancement in the use of optogenetic tools has been in their application to subgroups of neurons. Recall our hypothetical, ideal scenario where we are able to reliably activate a specific population of neurons in order to determine their function. Optogenetics can be used to turn on or off a brain area to identify its role in behavior, but it can also be used to target specific types of cells within a single brain region. This allows you to determine these cells’ role in how that brain region processes information as well as their specific contribution to a behavior, since different cell types can play very different functional roles. An example of how this cell specificity is achieved is with mice that have been genetically modified to express a special protein called cre in only your cells of interest. A gene coding for an optogenetic protein, such as ChR2, can then be made cre-dependent so that when it is delivered to the mice, ChR2 will only be expressed in your cells of interest, thus allowing you to selectively turn them on with light. In this way, optogenetics has allowed modern neuroscientists to achieve a level of specificity that was simply impossible a decade ago. Incredibly, this cell-specific manipulation can also be achieved in vivo – in awake, behaving animals. By 2007, neuroscientists were able to express opsins in their cell types of interest in living mice, activating and inactivating them and observing their role in natural behavior.\nIn this video, ChR2 is expressed in the mouse’s motor cortex, the part of the brain that controls movement. Notice that when the blue light turns on, the mouse starts to run!\nBeyond just being cool, the ability to turn specific cells on or off with light holds great promise for advancing our understanding of the brain. In many ways, it already has. For instance, it has elucidated some of the circuit mechanisms underlying our primary sensory systems like vision, audition, etc. as well as movement control, sleep and circadian rhythms, social behavior, and memory to name a few . Remarkably, we have also learned a lot about various brain disorders at the cellular level. For example, optogenetics in awake mice was used to manipulate two opposing pathways deep in the brain that are involved in motor control, resulting in increased or suppressed Parkinson-like behavior. Strikingly, the selective activation of one pathway dramatically improved symptoms in a Parkinsons mouse model . Recently at the annual Society for Neuroscience conference, there was a poster demonstrating that selective optogenetic activation of a specific type of cell in the brain’s frontal cortex abolished social deficits in a mouse model of autism . Bear in mind that optogenetics is nowhere close to being used safely in humans for direct clinical interventions (although arguably the most promising application is for improving disrupted vision in the human retina ). Nevertheless, optogenetics is revealing much about how the brain works in a healthy state and what is disrupted in disordered states so that other interventions can be developed.\nThe relationship between neuroscientists and light-sensitive proteins has been a beautiful thing to behold. It’s amazing to think that 10 years have already gone by, and yet, so much has changed since they first joined forces that it simultaneously feels like a whole lifetime has passed. Who is to say what the next decade will bring? Improved and even more sophisticated opsins? Being able to simultaneously image and control large-scale networks in the brain ? New approaches for activating neurons of interest, such as with ultrasound? It’s an exciting time in neuroscience, certainly worthy of a celebratory toast.\n- Crick, F. (1999). The impact of molecular biology on neuroscience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 354(1392), 2021–2025. http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0541\n- D. Okuno et al. (1999). Chloride concentration dependency of the electrogenic activity of halorhodopsin. Biochemistry, 38, 5422-29.\n- G. Nagel et al. (2003). Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel. PNAS, 100, 13940-45.\n- Boyden, E. S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E., Nagel, G., & Deisseroth, K. (2005). Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity. Nat Neurosci, 8(9), 1263–1268. http://doi.org/10.1038/nn1525\n- Deisseroth, K. (2015). Optogenetics: 10 years of microbial opsins in neuroscience. Nat Neurosci, 18(9), 1213–1225.\n- Kravitz, A. V., Freeze, B. S., Parker, P. R. L., Kay, K., Thwin, M. T., Deisseroth, K., & Kreitzer, A. C. (2010). Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviors by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry. Nature, 466(7306), 622–626. http://doi.org/10.1038/nature09159\n- Selimbeyoglu, C. K., et al. (2015). Optogenetic rescue of impaired social behavior phenotype in autism [Abstract]. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.abstractsonline.com/Plan/SSResults.aspx\n- Chow, B. Y., & Boyden, E. S. (2013). Optogenetics and Translational Medicine. Science Translational Medicine, 5(177), 177ps5–177ps5. http://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3003101\n- Boyden, E. S. (2015). Optogenetics and the future of neuroscience. Nat Neurosci, 18(9), 1200–1201.\nOther general references:\nAdamantidis, A., Arber, S., Bains, J. S., Bamberg, E., Bonci, A., Buzsaki, G., … Wilson, R. I. (2015). Optogenetics: 10 years after ChR2 in neurons[mdash]views from the community. Nat Neurosci, 18(9), 1202–1212.\nBoyden, E. S. (2011, July 1). The Birth of Optogenetics. The Scientist. Retrieved from http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/30756/title/The-Birth-of-Optogenetics/\nBoyden, E. S. (2011). A history of optogenetics: the development of tools for controlling brain circuits with light. F1000 Biology Reports, 3, 11. http://doi.org/10.3410/B3-11\nKarl and Ed: http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=57936", "label": "No"}
{"text": "By Dr. Jonathan Elion, MD, FACC for HealthTECH Zone\nThe Photographic Painting\nThe value of a new technology is often not understood for many years after its invention. The first film cameras (remember those?) were initially used to capture landscapes, still life studies and portraits. In that regard, they were acting as a “photographic painting”, capturing the standard known subject matter for artists that were using traditional media. It wasn’t until much later that the technology began to realize its full potential in fields as diverse as astronomy, microscopy, high-speed photography and movies.\nComputer applications in the Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) field are capable of making a similar transformative leap. Rather than simply recreating what we already do today with notes, simple databases and spreadsheets, new technologies allow for totally new workflows, efficiencies, integration, reporting and analysis. Some of these recent trends are starting to have a tremendous impact on CDI.\nRules-Based Expert Systems\nAn expert system is a specialized type of software that provides answers to problems, eliminating the need to consult a human expert. When applied to a CDI program, the expert system collects and organizes clinical information, examining its own knowledge base and applying its rules, and thereby making its documentation expertise widely available throughout a healthcare organization.\nThe expert system approach has already been shown to be capable of providing a number of valuable enhancements to CDI, where its rules are applied to the clinical data that has been collected. For instance an expert system could:\n- Examine the list of a patient’s medications and laboratory results and suggest additional diagnoses to be considered. This can be as simple as a reminder to add the diagnosis of “hypokalemia” when the serum potassium is low, or to consider congestive heart failure if the patient is taking Furosemide.\n- Ask about possible infections when the patient is receiving an antibiotic but there is not a bacterial infection diagnosis listed.\n- Identify simple relationships among diagnoses, and make a comprehensive list of suggestions when there is “altered mental status” present.\n- Put together more abstract diagnoses such as gastrointestinal bleeding and a low hemoglobin and hematocrit and suggest the user consider anemia, and additional suggestions looking to see if the anemia is caused by the GI bleed.\nWhile an expert system cannot be expected to be better than the human expert, the system provides the ability to automate, process large amounts of information, and to clone the expertise of the human expert. This becomes extremely helpful in improving efficiencies and in training new staff in the subtleties of CDI.\nSoftware as a Service\nProviding such an expert system requires that the “knowledge”, or software system, be made available throughout the organization, a goal that is easily accomplished with the use of a hosted data model.\nIn the past, the use of “Software as a Service” approaches were met with concerns over security and confidentiality, causing many hospitals to return to or stick with a strategy of owning and maintaining their own software and hardware. However, technology and security advances have now made this “hosted data center” approach attractive once again. In addition to greater security, this approach also offers economies of scale and reduced operations and maintenance costs. The technology that underlies a hosted data center ensures that all users have continual access, while securing the patient data, and allowing for the aggregation of data which can be used for benchmarking and comparisons with peer groups. Perhaps the most significant impact of this approach is the elimination of the barrier to entry, as no hardware or software installation is required. New customers can be brought online in a matter of hours instead of weeks or months. For the small hospital, this means access to sophisticated computer systems without the need for a similarly sophisticated IT department. For the large hospital, the burden of managing software licenses and installation is eliminated.\nA web-delivered product can also reduce the risks created by rogue programs and viruses on a hospital’s personal computers. Until recently, most applications required the installation of software onto the desktop, which opened the door to malware and made hospital IT departments wary. Today’s advances have eliminated that need, allowing immediate and secure access to data over the web from a browser, and ensuring that all users are running the most current version. Modern browsers can be set to eliminate the local caching of Protected Health Information (“PHI”), further reducing the risk of errant confidential data.\nWe’ll look at the role that Business Intelligence can play in CDI in In Part 2 of this discussion.\nAbout the Author: Dr. Jonathan Elion, MD, FACC, is a practicing board-certified cardiologist in Providence, RI and an Associate Professor of Medicine at Brown University. With over 40 years of experience in computing and more than 25 years of experience in medical computing and information standards, Dr. Elionhas committed his career to innovations in high value services and healthcare delivery to maximize efficiency and cost effectiveness. Jon is the founder of ChartWise Medical Systems, Inc., a Rhode Island based company that recently introduced ChartWise 2.0. It is the first-to-market interactive software system designed to improve precision in quality clinical documentation and to support revenue assurance through its web-based, comprehensive built-in expertise, electronic queries and robust on-demand reporting.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Proper mask usage, cleaning explained\nBATON ROUGE - More people are encouraged to wear masks in public. And when a few rules are relaxed allowing some businesses to operate Friday, workers will need them to cover their nose and mouth.\nThe CDC says if you're going to be out and about doing essential things, your face should be covered while maintaining a social distance. Dr. Mindy Calandro with the Baton Rouge Clinic says wearing a mask protects others from the coronavirus.\n\"You're wearing them to help reduce spread,\" she said. \"If you were to have it, it helps reduce you from spreading it.\"\nMore people are wearing masks in grocery stores and when they're in public, near others. Many people are being resourceful, making them for others or themselves. There are also tutorials online to show you how to make a mask using items found around the house. Here's one from the Surgeon General.\nAll the mask has to do is prevent exhalation of most large particles ejected when you cough or sneeze, or launch saliva when you're talking. You're protected from inhalation when others around you wear a mask.\nCertainly, N95 masks are better than a cloth mask, which helps to block the droplet particles from entering and exiting. It's why healthcare workers need them, because they're working with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients.\n\"We know that they need them, because we know that they're exposed to those particles,\" Calandro said.\nThere has been discussion about reusing and disinfecting an N95 mask. People might be inclined to do so because they're so hard to find. The N95 masks weren't designed to be reused, while cloth masks are.\nIt is not recommended to spray or disinfect masks with disinfectant spray. It's best to wash your cloth mask in hot soapy water or run it through a washing machine cycle.\nAt the state's daily news conference Tuesday, Governor John Bel Edwards spoke about the importance that everyone over the age of two wears a mask. Dr. Alex Billioux demonstrated how to properly wear, clean, and store a mask.\n\"When I wear a cloth mask, I'm limiting the potential virus that's shedding out of my face,\" Billioux said. \"If we're all wearing masks, we're limiting the likelihood that if any of us are asymptomatic or symptomatic that we are shedding virus to each other.\"\nWhen you're not wearing your mask, Billioux recommends that it's stored in a safe place, like a plastic bag. The mask should be folded inward so the outside is not touching the inside of the mask. The idea is that you want to touch your mask and face as little as possible. Before putting on and removing your mask, you should wash your hands and return the mask to its bag, put it in the washing machine, or wash it by hand. Billioux recommends washing the mask after each use.\nDesktop NewsClick to open Continuous News in a sidebar that updates in real-time.\nGeaux get Tested initiative begins Tuesday\nWoman who threatened family with bat, gun released from prison\nEast Feliciana Parish leaders won't remove Confederate statue\nWoman annoyed at drivers on flooded street arrested after threatening tirade with...\nUptick in COVID cases prompts more to get tested, puts strain on...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mike wrote to the “Consult-Ant” with a number of questions about ants. I am going to try to answer each one in a separate post. For the original list of questions and links to all answers, visit here.\n11) Are there some ant species that simply drink water and then other species that absorb it from the humidity of the air? Or do they all do both?\nYour question reminded me of the movie Microcosmos, which contains some great footage of ants and other insects dealing with water. I’ll throw the trailer below.\nThe second thing I thought of was communal peeing as a flood defense, where ants drink water and then run outside to “pee,” removing excess water from their nests. You know you want to click the link and see it, so go ahead. I’ll wait for you to come back.\nAnts need water. Many drink water from drops and small puddles.\nAnts can obtain moisture from a variety of sources, including food. Leafcutter ants and weaver ants obtain moisture from plant sap. Many ants tend aphids and other insects of the order Homoptera for liquid honeydew, which is full of water. Other ants visit extrafloral nectaries on plants for a source of sweet liquid.\nAnts have also been shown to use “tools” to help them collect larger amounts of water and sweet liquids than they could carry in their crops. Harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex) have been known to toss sand into liquid food and then carry it back to their nest. Aphaenogaster ants use bits of plant material as sponges to soak up liquids and transport it.\nMark Moffett found Diacamma ants decorate their nests with feathers, which collect dew in the early morning. (I have seen Forelius ants carrying feathers here in Arizona.) He also suggests that the dead ants spread around the nest might also serve for dew collection.\nAs far as “absorbing humidity,” Coenen-staß (1986) suggested that the red wood ant, Formica polyctena, might be able to absorb water vapor based on sorption rates. Other scientists have investigated desiccation resistance, and suggest that, for example, some ants can reclaim their internal water through structures called “rectal pads”(Hood and Tschinkel, 1990).\nVideos showing ants drinking water:\nPay close attention to the rear section (metasoma or gaster). Look how it swells and becomes clear as the ant drinks.\nMicrocosmos trailer. For a review, see my Growing With Science blog.\nThe bottom line is that worker ants do drink water, and give it to other members of the colony. As for humidity absorption, that is relatively unknown.\nFor more information:\nCoenen-staß, D. (1986). Investigations on the water balance in the red wood ant, Formica polyctena (Hymenoptera, formicidae): Workers, their larvae and pupae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology. 83 (1): 141-147.\nHood, G. and W.R. Tschinkel. (1990). Desiccation resistance in arboreal and terrestrial ants. Physiological Entomology, 15 (1): 23-35.\nMoffett, M.W. 2010. Adventures Among Ants: A Global Safari with a Cast of Trillions. University of California Press, Berkeley.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Snus is better than cigarettes\nEach year, more than 400,000 persons in the US die from smoking-related diseases. This is more than double the number that die from alcohol, drugs, traffic accidents, AIDS, murder and suicide. These were the findings of the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) in a report published at the end of last year.\nIn its report \"Helping Smokers Quit: A Role for Smokeless Tobacco?\" the ACSH discusses the strategies pursued to date by authorities and other bodies to reduce the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. The authorities' strategies are often based on intolerant attitude towards all types of tobacco products. In this report, they are compared with Harm Reduction, which is based on the observation that most smokeless tobacco products, such as Swedish snus, are significantly less harmful than cigarettes. Therefore it is better for smokers to replace cigarettes with other less dangerous products, according to proponents.\nThe Swedish Experience\nThis is a strategy from which the authorities should also learn, according to the ACSH, which cites what is called the Swedish Experience. This experience is documented in a large number of epidemiological studies with such findings as:\n- The incidence of lung cancer among Swedish men has declined over the past 20 years, which researchers link to the fact that Swedish men are smoking less and that many of them have switched to snus.\n- There is no demonstrable correlation between the use of Swedish snus and oral cancer.\n- Neither has any link been shown between the use of Swedish snus and intestinal or esophageal cancer.\n- Mortality in cancer is not elevated among Swedish snus users, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases is much lower in this group than among smokers.\nThe ACSH´s report includes a summary of scientific reports and studies by Brad Rodu, professor of tobacco studies at the Brown Cancer Center at the University of Louisville. He has long been one of the most prominent proponents of Harm Reduction in the US. Brad Rodu believes that authorities and health organizations have failed to get those whom he terms confirmed smokers to completely abstain from tobacco.\n\"At the same time, we have a solid scientific foundation to stand on that shows that modern, smokeless products are 98 percent less harmful than cigarettes,\" said Brad Rodu recently in the magazine Nordic Reach.\nIdeological grounds for debate\nWhy then are the waves of debate still so high when it comes to Harm Reduction? One explanation may be that there are studies that show elevated risks with smokeless tobacco products. These studies were not performed with Swedish snus or equivalent products, however. Through its GOTHIATEK® quality program, Swedish Match long ago virtually eliminated the content of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in its products that can be linked to an elevated cancer risk.\nAnother explanation is purely ideological, according to Freddi Lewin, who is responsible for scientific issues within Swedish Match North Europe Division.\n\"The polarization depends on what you believe society can do,\" says Freddi Lewin. \"Opponents of Harm Reduction are working for a completely tobacco-free society and are therefore unyielding in their opposition to every form of tobacco use. Unfortunately, such a goal is almost an unattainable utopia. The World Health Organization (WHO) has published estimates that show the opposite and that smoking will increase over the foreseeable future. This will apply even in the most favorable scenario.\n\"Balanced information is therefore important so that people can make informed decisions,\" emphasizes Freddi Lewin who himself is an oncologist.\nEvaluation within the EU\n\"Researchers know, for example, that nicotine does not cause cancer. Among the general public, however, there is still a perception that it is the nicotine that causes cancer. It would be a great help in public health work if authorities and researchers could dispel the myth that all tobacco is equally harmful,\" continues Lewin.\nDespite continued debate, Freddi Lewin nonetheless believes that Harm Reduction is winning ground in the research community.\n\"An evaluation of smokeless tobacco products is also being performed within the EU. Our hope is naturally that this will result in the Harm Reduction strategy gaining political support, which would be desirable from a public health standpoint,\" concludes Freddi Lewin.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A crane hook is a point of attachment on a crane designed to connect with chains and ropes attached to loads like crates, construction beams, and machinery. Hooks come in a variety of styles to meet various needs and like other parts of the crane, they are rated for loads of a specific size and type. It is important to avoid using an underrated crane hook, as this could result in damage to the crane or loss of the load.\nCranes allow people to move materials horizontally, as well as vertically. They vary in size fromtruck-mounted cranes used at work sites to massive equipment designed to move shipping containers in ports. Hooks are a preferred method of load connection, as they are easy to use and they can be secured with locks if necessary. The crane hook can also interface with a wide variety of connectors, allowing people to move different kinds of loads without changing the hook attachment.\nUsing a crane can require several people. One person is responsible for hooking the crane to loads and securing it, while another operates the crane with the assistance of direction from a person on the ground with a clear line of sight. On a small job site, one person may handle all these tasks. The personnel in charge of the crane are also responsible for maintaining the device to keep it in good working order, as well as selecting the right equipment for a given lifting job. If a crane is not rated to handle a heavy load, it can tip over or break when the load is lifted.\nThere are several safety concerns with crane hooks. A lowering hook can pose a safety threat, ascrane hooks are large and can cause significant head injuries if someone is struck. It is important to confirm that loads are securely mounted on the hook and that people are clear of a load during raising and lowering. People must also be careful while securing loads to the crane hook, as there is a risk of trapping fingers or limbs in the load’s rigging.\nIn addition to being used for attaching loads, a crane hook can also serve as a point of attachment for a crane fitting like a wrecking ball. A ball and crane fitting can be used to quickly break down a structure as part of a demolition project. Crane manufacturers often produce an array of accessories designed to work with their products, including hooks of different sizes and various attachments.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How to Remove Nitrates from Well Water: The Quick and Easy Way\nYou might wonder how to remove nitrates from your water - and the answer is surprisingly simple! Here we will cover the various compounds that can cause nitrate problems in the water, how to decanoate those compounds out of the water using reverse osmosis, and a step-by-step guide. As long as you know what to look for and where to find it, nitrates should never be a problem again. So keep reading to learn more!\nWhat are nitrates?\nNitrates are inorganic chemical groups consisting of two or more elements, which can be radicals or ions. Nitrates are mainly found in nature during a lightning storm. A nitrate ion becomes a nitrite radical when anaerobic bacteria steal one oxygen atom from it.\nPlants need nitrates to grow, and they give plants their green color. Although humans and other animals DO NOT need nitrates to live, they are part of a nitrogen cycle that can be used for various purposes, but most commonly, as nitrite.\nNitrites can help restore lost oxygen atoms, but this process can harm the body and other mammals.\nHow can I remove nitrates from my well water?\nIf you're Concerned About nitrates in your well water, it's time to take action! Water can contain high nitrate levels, leading to health problems over time. These methods require DIY knowledge and careful preparation, but they're all worth it!\nHere are the three methods you can use to reduce nitrates in your well water:\n1. Reverse osmosis: This is the most expensive and time-consuming method, but it's the most effective nitrate removal.\n2. Activated carbon: This low-cost and easy-to-use method works well in removing nitrates from water.\n3. Filtration: This low-cost and easy-to-use method removes nitrates from water.\nHow do I remove nitrates from water using reverse osmosis?\nReverse osmosis is the most effective way to remove nitrates from your water. It uses a high-pressure stream of freshwater to push unwanted compounds out of the solution, leaving clean and clear water behind. Of course, you'll need to invest in a quality Reverse Osmosis unit to achieve good results, but it's worth it!\nHere are some steps you'll need to take for reverse osmosis to work its magic:\n1. Check your good pressure: Most wells require a minimum of 30 PSI to function optimally. If your well doesn't meet this necessary pressure, it will be difficult for reverse osmosis to remove nitrates from your water.\n2. Get an accurate reading: You'll need a digital or analog meter to get an accurate reading of the level of nitrates in your water.\n3. Choosing a filter specifically designed to remove nitrates is important when using reverse osmosis. 4a Install and connect the filter:\nThis part is relatively simple – just install the filter and connect it to your Reverse Osmosis unit. 4b Set up the system: You'll need to set up your system according to instructions provided by your manufacturer. 5a Start reverse osmosis: Turn on your Reverse Osmosis Unit and wait for it to kick in.\nThe pressure to increase will take a while, so be patient! As water passes through the filter, monitor the pressure online or through traditional meters. 6a When done: Once the process is complete, you'll be left with clean and clear water free of unwanted nitrates.\nHow can I test for nitrates in my water?\nNitrates in water can cause serious health risks, especially to pregnant women and young children. That's why it's important to regularly check your water for nitrates and take appropriate action if levels are high.\nOne way to test for nitrates is with a chlorine/ammonia test kit. In the event of elevated levels of nitrates, you should take action - like pouring bleach down the well or using a reverse osmosis system. Remember to check your water regularly and stay safe by drinking water from a safe source!\nWhat are the health risks associated with nitrates in water?\nNitrates are a type of pollutant that can be found in water. When consumed, high levels of nitrates may increase the risk of public health risks. Some of these health risks include:\n- Consumption of water that's contaminated with nitrate may increase the risk of public health risks.\n- High levels of nitrates can affect infants' red blood cells, preventing them from being able to transport oxygen effectively.\n- A high nitrogen level in an infant may cause methemoglobinemia (aka \"blue baby syndrome\").\n- The condition \"nitrate poisoning\" can cause a reduction in the amount of oxygen carried by the baby's blood cells.\n- Nitrate poisoning in adults does not cause the same health effects in babies or the elderly.\nIf you're exposed to nitrates, you may experience symptoms such as fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and blue nails and skin. If left untreated, these symptoms could potentially lead to death. Nitrate poisoning is more common in developing countries with limited access to clean drinking water.\nHowever, it's important to be aware that anyone can be affected by nitrates in water, not just those in developing countries.\n- Drinking untreated water with excessive nitrate harms pregnant women and their infants.\n- Adult men and women are more at risk of health conditions when drinking tap water with high nitrates and nitrites.\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) believes nitrates may be carcinogenic in adults and children. The dangers of drinking tap water containing trace levels of nitrates require further research.\nHow do nitrates get into the water?\nNitrates can enter the water from many sources, including manure, fertilizer, and animal waste. Nitrates can also come from natural processes such as the decomposition of organic materials. To protect public health, it is important to know where nitrates come from and how they are being released into the environment.\nWhat should I do if I find high levels of nitrates in my water?\nIf you find high levels of nitrates in your water, you can do a few things to remediate the problem:\nTry boiling the water for 10 minutes.\nAdd one teaspoon of baking soda per gallon of water and let it sit for 30 minutes.\nPour a potful of cold water over the baking soda solution and wait an hour before using it for drinking or cooking.\nRunning a filter on your well will also help reduce the number of Nitrates in your water supply. A water softener may be able to help remove the nitrates from your water while also restoring its pH level.\nThere are many other ways to remove nitrates from well water, so it's important to consult with a specialist if necessary. If you find high levels of nitrates in your water, the first thing to do is to call a professional.\nHow does your body take up nitrates?\nNitrates can be a big problem for water drinkers. Drinking well water can lead to elevated blood nitrate levels and cause health problems. A home treatment kit is a quick and easy way to remove nitrates from well water. Two main ways your body takes up nitrates are through food and sweat.\nThrough food, nitrates are taken up through the digestive system and enter the blood. Nitrates are taken up through the skin and enter the blood through sweat. A home treatment kit is a quick and easy way to remove nitrates from well water. If you're looking for a more in-depth treatment, reverse osmosis water treatment systems can also be used.\nHow can I test my water for nitrates?\nWater that contains more than ten mg/L of nitrates is considered unsafe to drink. If your water has high levels of nitrates, you'll need to take some steps to remove them. First, you can get your water tested by a private laboratory or local public health unit.\nIf you want to test your water for nitrates on your own, you can buy a test kit online. The kit will come with a testing strip and instructions on how to use it. Simply collect a sample of your drinking water and dip the strip into it. The strip will change color if there are high levels of nitrates in the water.\nIf the strip's color indicates that you have too much nitrate contamination, you should switch to bottled water for the time being.\nWhat are some methods for removing nitrates from water?\nWhen it comes to removing nitrates from the water, there are a few practical methods that people use. The most common way is through Reverse Osmosis. This process uses a membrane to physically separate the impurities from the water, including the nitrates. Another popular method is distillation.\nAlthough this process can be slow, it effectively removes nitrates from water. Additionally, regular de-scaling is necessary to keep the distillation unit running smoothly.\nWhich method is best for me?\nNitrates can be removed from groundwater by various methods, each with advantages and disadvantages. The most common method is the P&T method, which involves extraction, treatment, and discharges back into the aquifer.\nThis approach is most effective when contaminant plumes can be well defined. To treat nitrate-containing groundwater, the P&T method may require more than one cycle of operation.\nThe application of this technology for sustainable water treatment is limited by site characteristics, co-contaminants availability, operation and maintenance, and operation scale.\nWhat should I do if the levels of nitrates in my water are high?\nIf you've received news that there are high levels of nitrates in your local water, don't panic just yet. It's important to have your water tested to see if the concentration is above the maximum contaminant level set by the EPA.\nIf it is, don't worry! Treating your water and bringing the levels back down to a safe range in many ways. Your local water treatment professional will be able to help you out and guide you through the process.\nIn some cases, municipalities are responsible for treating the water before it enters people's homes. This is done to meet EPA guidelines for contamination levels. However, even if your municipality treats the water, you should still test your home's pipes for nitrate levels.\nIn many US households, chloramination is common, which can cause nitrate to form in drinking-water pipes. Make sure you consider all of these things when looking into high nitrate levels in your area!\nCan I remove nitrates from my water myself?\nYou can remove nitrates from your water by using a water filter. Nitrates can be removed with various filters, but activated carbon filters are generally the best.\nCompared to other filters, carbon block faucet-mounted filters are easy to install and affordable. However, if your water has high levels of nitrates, then you may need to use a reverse osmosis or ion exchange filter.\nWhat are the sources of nitrates in well water?\nNitrates in well water can come from various sources, including fertilizers and animal waste. If your water contains nitrates, you'll need to take action to remove them. One option is to use a filter or treatment system. The best way to know if your well needs treatment is to test it for nitrate levels.\nIf the levels are high, follow the instructions to treat your water properly. Nitrates in well water can be a serious health hazard, so it's important to take action if you notice them in your water.\nNitrates in well water can cause water contamination and headaches. Make sure to test your water regularly and take the necessary steps to protect your well water!\nWhat causes nitrate problems?\nNitrate problems can be a real headache. Not only do they cause water supplies to become high in nitrogen, but a variety of other factors can also cause them. Before worrying about nitrates in your water, ensure it's been tested and is free of contaminants. If you do have nitrate problems, following these simple steps will help you solve them in no time:\n1. Always water plants using water that has been filtered or treated.\n2. If you must water plants from your household faucet, use a garden hose or bucket connected to a fixture.\n3. If you're using well water for gardening, raise vegetables only on land that has never been used for agriculture.\n4. Avoid watering plants from your household faucet; use a garden hose or bucket connected to a fixture.\n5. If nitrates are still a problem after following these steps, contact your water supplier for moreNitrate removal is an important task for anyone with well water. Following this simple guide, you can quickly and easily remove nitrates from your water. In addition, by testing for nitrates in your water, you can ensure that your water is safe to drink.If you find high levels of nitrates, be sure to consult with a water treatment professional. Finally, read through the blog to learn about the sources of nitrates in well water and the possible problems\nWatch How to Remove Nitrates from Well Water\nHow to Remove Nitrates from Well Water (FAQs):\nCan I still drink tap water after removing nitrates from it?\nAccording to the Environmental Protection Agency, nitrates can be removed from water by boiling.\n1. How do I know if my well water contains high levels of nitrates?\nA water nitrate test can determine the water nitrate level in your well.\n2. What are the best ways to test for nitrates in my well water?\nNitrate contamination testing recommendations can be found at: nitrates.nrcs.usda.gov/water-quality/. The information in these reports is updated annually and covers water quality conditions in each state. In addition, homeowners can test their water quality using water ion exchange resin (WIR) or nitrite/nitrate testing kits.\nThese methods require a few simple items, like water samples, nitrate test strips, and water ion exchange resin pads. Once the water samples have been collected, they can be sent to a lab for nitrite/nitrate analysis.\n3 Can I remove nitrates from my well water using a home filter?\nThe water treatment system linked below can reduce nitrate levels in the water.\n4. Can I treat my well water naturally instead of using chemicals?\nYou can treat your water with a natural method if you have access to a water filter.\n5. What should I do if I have high levels of nitrates in my well water?\nIf you have high levels of nitrates in your water, you should consult a water treatment specialist. The source of information for this answer is the American Water Works Association website.\n6. What are the two main ways to remove nitrates from well water?\nReverse osmosis, distillation, and nitrate removal salts such as nitrite or nitrate are two methods of removing nitrates from well water.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "About 70% of melanomas are superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). They develop out of a pre existing nevus , which are the brown spots that every person has a few of. A nevus is a potential melanoma precursor lesion. There might be an incubation period of 1 to 5 years where the nevus is slowly growing, changing color, getting somewhat more raised and perhaps getting surrounded by a red line.\nAll those are warning signs that this nevus is dysplastic, moving towards malignant transformation. This nevus needs to be surgically removed to avoid trouble down the road. If it is not removed, the surface may become glossy and become more irregular.\nProgression of dysplastic nevus to early melanoma\nHere is an image of a superficially spreading melanoma where there are areas of regression of the tumor (lighter color), but the remainder of it is spreading (dark color).\nThere may be some notching or indentation at the perimeter of the lesion and the color may become deeper pigmented, at some areas even black looking. A small patch of the lesion may even turn amelanotic (amelanotic melanoma, looks skin colored). Women tend to have more of this type of melanoma. It tends to be less aggressive and has a better prognosis.\n1. Cancer: Principles &Practice of Oncology, 4th edition, by V.T. De Vita,Jr.,et. al J.B. LippincottCo.,Philadelphia, 1993.Vol.2: Chapter on Cutaneous melanoma.\n2. The Merck Manual, 7th edition, by M. H. Beers et al., Whitehouse Station, N.J., 1999. Chapter 126, p. 843-845.\n3. Cancer: Principles&Practice of Oncology. 5th edition, volume 2. Edited by Vincent T. DeVita, Jr. et al. Lippincott-Raven Publ., Philadelphia,PA, 1997. Chapter on Cutaneous melanoma.\n4. SA Rosenberg et al. Ann Surg 1998 Sep 228(3): 307-319.\n5. SA Rosenberg Nature 2001 May 17;411(6835):380-384.\n6. T Todo et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 May 15 ( page not available yet).\n7. GJ Tsioulias et al. Ann Surg Oncol 2001 Apr;8(3):198-203.\n8. Conn’s Current Therapy 2004, 56th ed., Copyright © 2004 Elsevier\n9. Ferri: Ferri’s Clinical Advisor: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment, 2004 ed., Copyright © 2004 Mosby, Inc.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Welcome to week 4 of Get Ready for K Through Play, a series that I am taking part in with some of my favorite kid bloggers. Our goal is to help you prepare your child to start Kindergarten. Last week I shared a Bubbling Addition Kindergarten Math Game, and this week we are all sharing ways to work on literacy skills. Last year for the series, I shared Sensory Sight Words as part of the Literacy component. We are playing more word games today with this Sensory Word Hunt.\nYou will need:\nGo through your magnet letters and make up some simple to sound out words. My daughter is familiar with upper and lower case letters but if your child is not, you can stick with letters they recognize. Once you have your words, write each of them down on a separate index card.\nFill up a bin with lentils or whatever bean or sensory material you happen to have on hand. Beans are a great sensory bin filler because they are inexpensive and last a long time. We have had our sensory beans for years. When the kids are not using them, I store them in large zip top bags.\nHide the letters that make up your words in the sensory bin.\nHave your child pick one word card at a time and try and sound out the word.\nWhen they are done, they can search for the letters that make up the word.\nMy daughter had so much fun searching for all the letters. She noticed that each time she made a word there were less letters in the bin and they were easier to find.\nWhen she had made all the words, she practiced reading them again. Word games are a wonderful way to get kids to work on phonics and literacy concepts. This word hunt combines the fun of a sensory bin with learning.\nBe sure to visit the following bloggers and check out their Literacy posts:\nComing soon from The Pleasantest Thing\nBooks Your Kindergartener Will Love from Mama Smiles\nBooks for Beginning Readers from Mom to 2 Posh Lil Divas\nWhat Do Phonics, Phonemic Awareness and Decoding Mean from Coffee Cups and Crayons\nLetters in the Air from Rainy Day Mum\nJoin me here at Mess For Less on Wednesdays for Get Ready for K Through Play. Then, please check out my fellow bloggers in the series: Coffee Cups and Crayons, Mama Smiles, Mom to 2 Posh Lil Divas, Rainy Day Mum, and The Pleasantest Thing who will be bringing you some more great resources on each week's topic.\nThe topics are:\nJune 25 - Social and Emotional Skills\nJuly 2 - Independence Skills\nJuly 9 - Math Concepts\nJuly 16 - Books, Reading and Literacy\nJuly 23 - Fine Motor and Writing Skills\nJuly 30 - Ready to Learn Skills\nFor even more ideas to prepare your child for Kindergarten, follow the Get Ready for K Through Play Pinterest Board.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Z Force, also known as Special Operations Executive (SOE), Special Operations Australia (SOA) or the Services Recon Dept. (SRD)—was a joint Allied special forces unit formed during the World War II to operate behind Japanese lines in SE Asia. Predominantly Australian, Z Special Unit was a specialist reconnaissance and sabotage unit that included British, Dutch, New Zealand, Timorese and Indonesian members, predominantly operating on Borneo and the islands of the former Netherlands East Indies.\nThe unit carried out a total of 81 covert operations in the SW Pacific Theater, with parties inserted by parachute or submarine to provide intelligence and conduct guerrilla warfare.\nThe best known of these missions were Operation Jaywick and Operation Rimau, both of which involved raids on Japanese shipping in Singapore harbour; the latter of which resulted in the deaths of 23 commandos either in action or by execution…\nView original post 600 more words", "label": "No"}
{"text": "ART-208-20, Creative Arts in Elem School (SP15)\nINSTRUCTOR: Elizabeth Grimaldis\nSCHEDULE/DAY/TIME: Semester/Saturdays/8:30 A.M.-11:15 A.M., 04/11/2015-05/16/2015\n-This course will outline a basic understanding of the ways children use visual arts as a means of recording and communicating ideas. Skills in analyzing and interpreting children’s art expressions will be presented in order to help classroom teachers in the pre-school, kindergarten and elementary school provide art learning experiences that are appropriate for ability levels. A review of art skills and processes will be presented and practiced in order to effectively use art experiences as a learning vehicle in the classroom. Basic skills in painting, printmaking, sculpture, and crafts will be explored.\n-The text, Renaissance in the Classroom, will provide a means for looking at how children learn through exploration that incorporates the arts.\nA. Learn through lecture, discussion, practice, theory, and sharing\nB. Develop the ability to perceive, interpret, and respond to ideas, experiences, and the environment through the visual arts.\nC. Develop an understanding of the visual arts as a basic aspect of history and human experience.\nD. Develop the ability to organize knowledge and ideas for expressions in the production of art.\nE. Develop the ability to identify, analyze, and apply criteria for making visual aesthetic judgments.\nF. Design integrated art/ academic subject area learning visuals.\nG. Design unit and lesson plans in art appropriate for age and developmental levels.\nLecture, demonstration, class discussion and creative project activities will be a part of each lesson.\nREQUIREMENTS AND ASSIGNMENTS:\n-There will be no final exam or paper. A weekly abstract (summary) of chapter readings from the text is required. Students are expected to be able to discuss the chapter readings in class and participate in a group oral presentation of the topic/theme. Students are expected to work on art assignments in the classroom and complete unfinished assignments on their own. All necessary tools and art supplies will be provided for the assignment in the classroom.\n-Only one excused absence is acceptable.\n-Students who have an excused absence must submit the assignment on the date of the next scheduled class.\n-Art work will be graded on successful completion of the project only. Advanced art skills and knowledge of art concepts are not a requirement for this course.\n-The abstract will be graded on the presentation of a clear, concise understanding of the topic. The abstract should be one typed page.\nA- All chapter abstracts submitted on time\nAll artwork assignments submitted on time\nAttendance of all classes\nClass participation in oral presentations and group work\nREQUIRED TEXT(S) OR MATERIALS:\nRenaissance in the Classroom\nArts Integration and Meaningful Learning\nGail Burnaford, Arnold Aprill, Cynthia Weiss\nChicago Arts Partnership in Education, CAPE\nRECOMMENDED READINGS OR MATERIALS:\nThe instructor will provide additional handouts of recommended readings and materials\nREADINGS AND/OR ASSIGNMENTS TO BE DONE PRIOR TO THE FIRST CLASS:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Here are a number of ways to define writing systems: a system of more or less permanent marks used to represent an utterance in such a way that it can be recovered. Writ ng (rī′tĭng) n 1 a the act or process of producing and recording words in a form that can be read and understood: at first, most students find writing. Writing definition, the act of a person or thing that writes see more. Definition of in writing in the idioms dictionary in writing phrase what does in writing expression mean definitions by the largest idiom dictionary.\nFirst principles there are a few basic guidelines to follow when writing a definition: wiktionary is a dictionary, not an encyclopedia a definition does. Learn about freewriting and how it's useful for different types of writing find out how freewriting can build your creativity and skills, then. To write a definition essay, you’ll need to define a word that: has a complex meaning is disputable (could mean different things to different people. How to write a dictionary definition whether you're compiling a glossary, writing a dictionary, or simply trying to sound official to play a dictionary bluffing game.\nTo confirm in writing meaning, definition, english dictionary, synonym, see also 'confirmed',conform',confirmation',conformist', reverso dictionary, english simple. Keep an eye out for wordy constructions in your writing and see if you can replace them with more concise words or phrases clichés in academic writing, it’s a. If you wanted to get out of an agreement, and it requires your request to be in writing, does it have to be through the mail can it be an e-mail could. In this lesson, you'll learn what an audience in writing is and see how knowing your audience can make your writing clearer and more interesting. Writing is a medium of human communication that represents language and emotion with signs and symbols in most languages, writing is a complement to speech or spoken.\nLiteral level what actually occurred in the essay what happened (sensory details) meaning to narrator what do the events in the essay mean to the narrator. Writing - wordreference english dictionary, questions, discussion and forums all free. The meaning of being ‘in writing’ will continue to evolve along with technological developments that allow parties to communicate in different ways. Write definition, to trace or form (characters, letters, words, etc) on the surface of some material, as with a pen, pencil, or other instrument or means inscribe.\nDefinition of writing: the expression of ideas by letters visible to the eye clason v bailey, 14johns (n y) 491 the giving an outward aud objective form to a. Define writing: the act or process of one who writes: such as — writing in a sentence. Definitions of writing terms language that goes beyond the normal meaning of the words used writing in which a figure of speech is used to heighten or color the. The definition of report writing is creating an account or statement that describes in detail an event, situation or occurrence, usually as the result of observation. Define in writing: in the form of a letter or a document — in writing in a sentence.\nWriting meaning, definition, what is writing: words that have been written or printed: learn more. Writing definition: writing is something that has been written or printed | meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples. In legal writing in the united states, rule 53 in the bluebook citation guide governs the use of ellipses and requires a space before the first dot and between the.\nIn writing in her book on the ellipsis, ellipsis in english literature: signs of omission (cambridge university press, 2015). Define put something in writing (phrase) in american english and get synonyms what is put something in writing (phrase) put something in writing (phrase) meaning. Writing is (1) a system of graphic symbols that can be used to convey meaning, and (2) the act of composing a text.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Clean Storm Water is Important to All of Us\nAs storm water flows through yards, gutters and streets it picks up oil, sediments, litter, garden chemicals and other materials. Urban storm water runoff flows through storm drains to ponding basins, canals, creeks, and the San Joaquin River. All of these replenish groundwater – our drinking water supply. That’s why CLEAN STORM WATER is important to you!\nMany ways to help prevent storm water pollution\n- Grants – Information and downloadable applications for grants from the District for community storm water education and improvement projects. Classroom field trips to the San Joaquin River are also available.\n- Presentations to trade, business, service, and civic organizations. E-mail your request to email@example.com.\n- Illegal Dumping Reports – what, when, and how to report incidents of people using the ground, gutters, streets, and storm drains to dispose of liquid or solid wastes.\n- Training materials for reducing stormwater pollution\n- Compliance assistance for state and federal permit requirements for construction projects and industrial facilities\n- Downloadable Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan models\n- Recognition program for business’s pollution prevention practices\n- Activity books for upper and lower elementary school grades. Order your class sets here.\n- Video – 5-minute water resources pollution prevention video, available for download or on DVD (upon request).\n- Presentations – District staff presentations for classrooms or assemblies. E-mail your request to firstname.lastname@example.org.\nPUBLIC AWARENESS SURVEYS\nWhat do people know about the Fresno/Clovis area urban storm drainage system? What do people think the connection is between their daily actions and local water quality? Find out by looking at the results of the last three public awareness surveys conducted by the District: 2001, 2005, 2009, and the 2013 survey and focus group report.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In this lesson our instructor talks about CSS background. First, he discusses some basic background properties. Then he does an example on colors. Next, he shows an example on background image and repeating images. Finally, he talks about putting everything together to create a nice web page.\nLecture Slides are screen-captured images of important points in the lecture. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The area in and around Sardis Project is within the boundary of the old Choctaw Nation. The Indians of the Great Choctaw Nation arrived here in the early 1830's. Today the Choctaw influence remains strong in the area and there are many reminders of the residency of these first Americans. The name of our state is a Choctaw word meaning \"Home of the Red Man\". Other names like Tuskahoma, Talihina, Yanush, Honobia, Pushmataha, Broken Bow, and Eagletown cause the imagination to wander back to the time when this was \"Indian Territory\". The Choctaw Nation Capitol building is located 2 miles north of the town of Tuskahoma or 2.5 miles east of the Sardis Project Office. This building was erected in 1884 during the term of Principal Chief Jackson McCurtain. It is now the Choctaw National Museum.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Post author Hossam El-Asrag is is a lecturer at the department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Princeton University.\nLast week at Princeton University I listened to a talk given by Peter Evans, Director of Global Strategy and Planning at GE company. The talk was inspiring, and important to anyone who cares about the future of energy. The key ideas can be summarized as follows:\n• The energy distribution maps of production and consumption are not collocated. Eighty percent of oil/gas production is concentrated in 16 countries worldwide, and most of these countries are not the major energy consumers. Primary consuming countries are Japan, European nations, and the U.S. However, the trend is shifting, and we are currently at an inflection point where other non-OCED (ex: major European countries, US, and Japan) countries will have higher energy consumption in the future, like China and India.\n• Oil and gas are still the major energy sources and are expected to remain so in the foreseeable future. In 2011, $1 trillion was invested in global energy infrastructure in the U.S., 68% for oil and gas. By 2014 this will increase to 85%, and the rest is for power production. By 2025 we will have about 1 Billion more people on the planet, and about 70% power related carbon emission would be emitted from developing countries by this date.\n• A highly possible energy pathway in the U.S. will depend on natural gas drilling for unconventional natural gas that is estimated to cover more than 100 years capacity. Countries like China and Turkey will switch from coal to natural gas due to the water resources constraints needed for the coal production process. The battle between Coal and natural gas, as the two major energy sources and reserves in the future, will be based on which one is more cost-effective and has fewer constraints on the environment resources. It is also a misunderstanding that natural gas drilling requires more water resources than coal. For instance, the water consumed by hydraulic fracking is a fraction of the amount used for coal mining.\nFrom the above three bullets, it seems that the U.S. government will be investing heavily in natural gas rather than renewables and other sustainable energy resources in the next few decades. Hydraulic fracking and nonconventional gas resources will take over the importation of oil and drilling of conventional natural gas.\nTo me, this sounds like a sleeping pill to ease the pain for the next 100 years. In other words, we will be exporting the energy problem to our children and grand children, and counting on them to find the real solution.\nPhoto credit: gbleakmore on Flickr.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A Real Headache: Racism Plays Role in Migraine Care\nTHURSDAY, June 10, 2021 (HealthDay News) -- The color of your skin may very well determine how your headache gets treated, a new study warns.\nThe same percentage of white, Black and Hispanic Americans — about 15% — suffer from severe headaches and/or migraines, the investigators noted.\nBut the current analysis, conducted by 16 headache disorder experts, found that Black men are far less likely to receive headache treatment; that white children are three times more likely to undergo hospital imaging for their condition than children of other races; and that Black and Hispanic patients are 25% and 50% less likely, respectively, to get a migraine diagnosis than their white peers.\n\"While migraine and severe headache disorders are almost equally common amongst white, African American and Hispanic groups, disparities exist,\" stressed study author Dr. Jessica Kiarashi.\n\"Institutional or systemic racism plays a large role in a lot of these disparities,\" added Kiarashi, who is an assistant professor in the department of neurology at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. \"And while there are steps that can be taken to address and rectify disparities, there needs to be a major cultural shift in our society. And particularly in the field of health care.\"\nTo examine the issue, the study team analyzed previously published headache literature.\nTheir review determined that while 46% of Black patients get care for migraines, that figure jumps to 72% among white patients.\nBlack Americans are also far less likely to get a headache diagnosis than white people: just 47% versus 70%. Black patients are similarly less likely to get a prescription for migraine medication than white patients (14% versus 37%), the findings showed.\nThe result: untreated headache disorders among Black Americans mean more headaches over time, greater pain intensity and worse quality of life.\nThe research team also found that Hispanics are 50% less likely to get diagnosed with a migraine than white patients, and less likely to get headache prevention medication when seeking care in an outpatient setting.\nThe racial gap is equally evident among children suffering from headaches, the investigators found. For example, non-white children and teens were found to be far less likely to be prescribed medication for an acute headache than a white child or adolescent. And Black and Hispanic children were less likely to be seen in an emergency department for a sports-related head injury — and/or to get a concussion diagnosis — than white children.\nBut race is not the only driver of headache treatment gaps, the study team found. For example, living in extreme poverty was linked to a higher risk for migraines. And low-income and uninsured patients were less likely to get treated for an acute migraine, raising the risk for developing a chronic problem.\nThe expert panel also noted that U.S. patients in rural areas were also less likely to gain access to headache treatment, due to a lack of specialists. The team noted that while large urban centers in the Northeast and mid-Atlantic are home to many headache education programs and physicians, the same is not true in other parts of the United States, such as the Western and Plain state regions.\nIn the report published online June 9 in Neurology, Kiarashi and her colleagues pointed to racial bias and uneven insurance coverage as the main drivers of the headache treatment gap, alongside access issues.\nNone of that surprises Andrea Roberts, a senior research scientist with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, in Boston.\n\"Unfortunately, disparities in health care among groups with various minority racial identities and by socioeconomic status are pervasive in the U.S.,\" Roberts said.\nThe result is that \"a black person presenting with a headache in the emergency room is far, far less likely than a white person in the same situation to receive the appropriate diagnostic tests and medication,\" she added.\nSo, what can be done to close the gap?\nFor one thing, \"health care providers can examine their own treatment records to understand and address their own performance in this regard,\" Roberts suggested. \"Similarly, health insurers could determine which practices and practitioners are undertreating minorities,\" which she said would be in their interest since \"undertreatment in the short term can lead to far greater health care costs in the long term.\"\nIn addition, \"more health care providers need to be recruited from underrepresented populations,\" Roberts said. \"And this is, of course, in addition to working to resolve underlying racism and socioeconomic differences that drive higher prevalence of disease, including headaches, among minorities in the U.S.\"\nThere's more on headaches and treatment at the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.\nSOURCES: Jessica Kiarashi, MD, assistant professor, department of neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Andrea Roberts, PhD, MPH, senior research scientist, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; Neurology, June 9, 2021, online", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Australia’s driest year, hottest decade and devastating bushfires – the weather in Australia has been more than a little crazy.\nExtreme weather events like the bushfires are being driven by climate change. There is a lot of confusing information out there so we worked with our scientist friends at the Climate Council to help unfudge the facts and explain the link between a warming planet and the bushfires. Let us explain.\nITS GETTING HOT IN HERE\nYep, it’s been one crazy hot summer and one crazy hot year. We aren’t exaggerating – 2019 was the hottest year on record ever for Australia and the 2010’s were the hottest decade the world has ever seen. While that means an excuse to blast Nelly and eat more Phish Food, its bad news for us, our climate and the world’s ecosystems.\nLong-term global warming of not just Australia, but the whole planet, means more record-breaking hot temperatures and heatwaves that are longer, more frequent and more intense. When you mix this heat with bushfires, the results are catastrophic.\nOnce fires are burning, dry and hot weather (along with windy conditions) makes it easier for sparks to take hold and help bushfires spread. This creates hotter, bigger and more dangerous and extreme bushfires.\nThe heat doesn’t only make dry conditions worse, it also changes what’s going on in the sky. The increasing heat increases the risk of lightning, which is a key factor in starting fires.\nNot only was 2019 Australia’s hottest year, it was also Australia’s driest year. The evidence is clear – climate change is influencing this drying trend. Hot and dry conditions mean there is more dry fuel for fires to burn. These dots are easy to join – more dry fuel to burn helps make bushfires more extreme.\nIf roasting marshmallows over a campfire has taught us one thing, wood that is dry burns hotter and faster. If dry soils and fuels combine with hotter temperatures, it’s like pouring gasoline on a fire. The result? You guessed it. More extreme bushfires.\nLONGER FIRE SEASON\nClimate change is also making the summer seasons hotter and longer, which means that fire seasons are lasting longer and there are less opportunities for fuel reduction burning.\nCONNECTING THE DOTS\nWhen you connect the dots, you can see why climate has impacted this bushfire season so badly. A fire needs to be started (ignition), it needs something to burn (fuel), and it needs conditions that help it spread (hot, dry and windy weather). All of these factors have been made worse by climate change and this has helped to supercharge the recent bushfires in Australia.\nWHAT’S CAUSING THIS?\nAustralia is a big contributor to global climate change because of our burning of coal and gas for energy but also because of our fossil fuel exports. As the largest coal exporter in the world, we are responsible not just for the coal we burn but also Australia’s coal that is being burned in other countries and contributes to even more CO2 globally.\nWHAT CAN BE DONE?\nThe good news? We know what the solution is - we have to reduce carbon emissions immediately. As in, NOW. We must end the extraction of all fossil fuels and we need to a demand a fast, fair, and just transition to 100% renewable energy and an immediate end to all fossil-fuel projects.\nThis is a huge opportunity to create a more just, equitable and sustainable Australia. Yes, please! Is it impossible? Hell, no! We’ve all seen how quickly change can come when the people rise up and demand it. HELLO democracy! Your voice is incredibly important in this – you can join the increasing number of Australian’s demanding climate action here.\nBen & Jerry’s have been fighting for climate justice since the first scoop and are doing what we can to make sure we see this change in Australia happen and fast, which is why we partnered with our friends at The Climate Council to help unfudge climate myths. If you want to find out more about the science of climate change and how it can be tackled, visit our friends at The Climate Council to learn more.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The fantastic potoo is actually a species of bird. It is probably habitats include heavy lowland forest, woodlands as well as sometimes meadows. Its coloring is actually mottled light brown as well as light grey with several tan thrown in and additionally, it has big orange yellow eyes. it is also thought to create an incredibly loud bark when It is disturbed.Its primary prey are huge insects, beetles, locusts and katydids. During the day, it continues to be motionless as it tries to mimic tree branches usually aiming its beak towards the sky. There’s almost no info about the brooding behavior of the species but from the analysis we do have it is thought that the chicks have the nest when they are around eight weeks old.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Art of Fermentation\nAn In-depth Exploration of Essential Concepts and Processes From Around the WorldBook - 2012\nSandor Katz presents the concepts and processes behind fermentation in ways that are simple enough to guide a reader through their first experience making sauerkraut or yogurt, and in-depth enough to provide greater understanding and insight for experienced practitioners. While Katz contextualizes fermentation in terms of biological and cultural evolution, health and nutrition, and even economics, this is primarily a compendium of practical information -- how the processes work; parameters for safety; techniques for effective preservation; troubleshooting; and more. With full-color illustrations and extended resources, this book provides essential wisdom for cooks, homesteaders, farmers, gleaners, foragers, and food lovers of any kind who want to develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for arguably the oldest form of food preservation, and part of the roots of culture itself. Readers will find detailed information on fermenting vegetables; sugars into alcohol (meads, wines, and ciders); sour tonic beverages; milk; grains and starchy tubers; beers (and other grain-based alcoholic beverages); beans; seeds; nuts; fish; meat; and eggs, as well as growing mold cultures, using fermentation in agriculture, art, and energy production, and considerations for commercial enterprises.\nPublisher: White River Junction, Vt. : Chelsea Green Pub., \nCopyright Date: ©2012\nBranch Call Number: 664.024 Kat\nCharacteristics: xxiii, 498 pages, 32 pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 25 cm", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The collapse of India’s coalition government has stalled the passage of the long awaited Electricity Regulatory Bill, which was to be taken up in this winter session of parliament. It is anticipated that the bill would be taken up as soon as the parliament reconvenes with a new governing party.\nThe bill proposed the setting up of a Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) in the various states except Jammu and Kashmir. Among other objectives, the CERC and SERC would be instrumental in bringing about tariff rationalization in the State Electricity Boards.\nCERC is expected to regulate the tariff for generating companies and transmission entities owned or controlled by the central government; and generating and transmission entities in the public or the private sector catering for more than one state.\nIt was also charged with the adjudication of disputes involving generating companies or transmission entities in the central sector or in the public or the private sector catering for one or more states. CERC would consist of three members and a Chairman. The Chairman of the Central Electricity Authority will be a member and ex-officio of the commission.\nThe main functions of the SERC, according to the bill, are to regulate the bulk tariff of generating companies and transmission entities functioning within the states as well as to determine the retail tariff, including the wheeling charges for the boards and licensees. SERCs are also responsible for the issue of licences in regard to generation, transmission and distribution and the supply of electricity by entities operating only within the state. A three-member state commission will be appointed by the state government on the recommendations of a selection committee. The state government will nominate one of the members as the Chairman of the commission. The selection procedure of the state commission will be as prescribed by the state government.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The De Havilland Mosquito was the fastest, highest-flying plane of the second world war, its light, streamlined body making it able to outrun all enemy aircraft. So it might come as a surprise to learn that, beneath its sleek lacquered skin, it was all made of plywood – lighter, cheaper and more aerodynamic than the metal equivalent, unhindered by bracing and rivets. It could be easily made, too, by workers in furniture factories, and easy to repair. Yet metal won out, perceived as the more “modern” material.\nPlywood: Material of the Modern World, a new exhibition at the V&A, is an eye-opening story of design, technology and – as the Mosquito pictured here shows – prejudice and taste. From plywood packing cases taken to the Antarctic by Ernest Shackleton’s expedition, where they were then broken down and transformed into furniture, to the finest mid-century modern chairs, visiting the show is like walking through a particularly well-stocked bric-a-brac store, complete with plywood surfboards, boats and planes dangling from the ceiling.\nThe thing that most stands out is that, for its entire life, plywood has been hailed as an exciting new material. It was first “new” in 2600 BC: archaeologists have discovered that laminated timber was used to make everything from jewellery boxes to coffins for the discerning pharaohs of ancient Egypt.\nIt then reappeared in the 1800s as the newfangled material for moulded chairs, which look as striking and contemporary as their descendants from a century earlier. The material was still being touted as new by the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1941, when Charles Eames and Eero Saarinen presented their competition-winning design for a moulded plywood chair. And all this time, the basic principle of gluing wafer-thin layers of wood together, with the grain of each running in an alternate direction, hadn’t changed a bit.\nThe exhibition begins with the birth of industrialised plywood in the 1800s, when the invention of the rotary lathe enabled entire tree-trunks to be unravelled in one go – a mesmerising process shown here in a video, and in the form of a diaphanous wafer of birch hanging from the wall like a billowing sheet. The lathe changed everything. Suddenly veneer went from being something that was only used for the finest handmade furniture to a thin disguise that could be used to hide much cheaper materials. The word entered the lexicon as a synonym for a sham.\nAvailable at low cost for the first time, this immensely strong and flexible material was quickly discarded by luxury furniture makers, but taken up into the realms of infrastructure and engineering, inspiring a whole wave of inventions. One of the most prescient was a plan for a pneumatic railway in a great big plywood tube, designed to hang off the side of buildings like an aerial sewage pipe. The drawings, published in 1867, bear a striking resemblance to Elon Musk’s plan for a Hyperloop (which would shoot people through a similarly sized tube in capsules travelling at 760mph). A 107ft-long prototype was built for an exhibition in New York, shuttling 75,000 people back and forth in carriages propelled by large fans, but development was halted by the economic depression in the 1870s.\nNearby stands the DWK, a German family car from 1937, sliced open to reveal its plywood chassis, used because it was strong, stress-bearing, easy to repair and quieter on the road with better suspension. Plywood housing gets a look-in too (decades before today’s WikiHouse structures) in the form of the US Forest Products Laboratory’s blueprints for cheap mass housing, an early DIY model with open-source plans, prompted by President Roosevelt’s New Deal in the 1930s. Plywood’s seamless sheets suited the stripped aesthetics of modernism, too, as seen in the Isokon building in Hampstead, London, whose flats were decked out with plywood furniture and “plymax” doors, covered in sleek sheets of polished copper.\nThe show reveals how developments in wartime spawned a whole range of later applications, from Charles and Ray Eames’ famous ply furniture, inspired by the leg splint they developed for the US military, to DIY dinghy kits. But one thing that is all but absent from the show is what curator Christopher Wilk calls “plywood’s dirty secret”.\nThe rise of synthetic adhesives, developed in the 1930s, created what one historian has called the “petrochemical house” – homes drenched with toxic substances that would unleash formaldehyde on their unsuspecting residents. There are now standards for adhesives, but they are difficult to enforce, particularly now that the vast bulk of plywood is manufactured in China and south-east Asia, where the use of illegally logged wood is also on the rise, the forbidden timber being easily hidden away in the layers.\nPlywood has enjoyed a recent resurgence, as the symbol of the maker movement. Its raw surfaces are used to project a green, natural image – when the truth is it can often be anything but.\n- Plywood: Material of the Modern World is at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, from 15 July to 12 November\nguardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The positioning system is the part of the waterjet machine that moves the waterjet nozzle. The more accurately the nozzle can be positioned, the more precisely you can make parts.\nAlthough not every application calls for high precision, having a precise machine means that you do not have to turn down high tolerance work, and that you can often eliminate secondary processes. With modern waterjets, it is entirely possible to make parts with a precision of better than ±0.003″ (0.076 mm). Also considered here are features that are important for best surface finish.\nAn X-Y positioning system with the bellows removed, showing precision gearing\nMost waterjet machines uses an X-Y positioning system, meaning the nozzle moves up-and-down and back-and-forth. In general, the positioning system is not a wear item on a waterjet, as long as you take care to keep it clean and properly lubricated.\nThe more accurate your machine is, the more jobs you are capable of taking. Some machines can easily make parts in the ±0.002″ (0.05 mm) range, and with a little effort, do even better. This can be important if you want to compliment or compete with wire EDM, or milling. It can also be important if you want to reduce the number of secondary operations on parts you make. If you can make the part within tolerance on a single machine, then you can reduce your costs and increase profits by avoiding secondary operations.\nEach manufacturer has a different way of stating accuracy. Find out what they are talking about. Here are some things to look for:\nPositioning accuracy vs. final part accuracy\nJust because a machine positions within 0.001″ (0.025 mm), does not mean that your final parts will be within 0.001″ (0.025 mm). Final part accuracy is a function of many variables including material, thickness, positioning accuracy, feed rate, controller, nozzle setup, machine vibrations, operator skill, and much more. While positioning accuracy is necessary for final part accuracy, it is not the only factor.\nDynamic vs. static measurements of positioning accuracy\nWas the positioning accuracy measured by moving the machine, then coming to a complete stop, then measuring (static positioning accuracy)? Or was the machine measured while it was moving (dynamic positioning accuracy)? Many machines will position well at rest, but at speed it is more difficult. Be sure to ask how well the machine tracks position at higher speeds, such as 150 inches/min (38 cm/min)? At slow speeds you don’t get the same servo following errors that you do at higher speeds.\nRepeatability is a key factor in obtaining precision. If you make five of the same part in different places on the machine, do the parts come out the same? Have your sales person do some tests while you watch, if possible. It is important to watch your test parts being made, to insure that they are not making a lot of your parts, and then only showing you the one that came out best.\nDepending on the part you are machining, some waterjets are capable of accuracies as close as ±0.0005″ (0.013 mm). But this is only under certain rare conditions, specifically using a thin material and careful setup by an advanced user. If a manufacturer claimed such high precision, they would get themselves into a lot of trouble with a new user who just bought a machine, and is cutting something where such precision is impossible. For this reason, most manufacturers have found that it is better to quote something more reasonable that covers a typical user making typical parts. In other words, they are cautious when quoting tolerances.\nOn the other hand, some manufacturers, in order to gain a selling advantage, are a little less cautious when quoting precision. Therefore, you will find that there is a wide variation in actual part precision, but a less wide variation in claimed precision by manufacturers.\nYou watch parts being made on the machine, then measure the results. Do not run “canned” parts, where the sales person has had time to tweak the program. Create parts from scratch, that you draw at the controller from an idea in your head. This will not only give you a better idea of how the machine is programmed, but it will also help show you what kind of real world tolerances you can expect.\nProtection from dirt, dust, and moisture\nThe bearings and drive mechanism of the X-Y positioning system are precision equipment. Attached to a waterjet, they are in an environment where there is a lot of abrasive, which can destroy that precision. Moisture is also not good on the inner components of your machine. How easy is the machine to keep clean? Are there spots for dirt to collect? Look for fully sealed X-Y guides and ball screws to eliminate the risk of abrasive contamination of precision surfaces. Bellows should not have horizontal “pleats” that can trap dirt and abrasive material and cause bellow failure. Also look for other places where dirt and moisture might cause problems. If you are buying a used machine, be careful of dirt in expensive places.\nYou probably don’t need to go very fast (more than 50 inches per minute or 1.3 meters per minute) if you are using the machine for abrasivejet machining. For nearly all parts, you will be limited by how fast the machine cuts, rather than the speed of the positioning system. Only if you do a lot of pure waterjet cutting, or cutting of extremely thin material, will maximum speed be important.\nWaterjet machines come in a variety of sizes, and most machines are measured by the size of the “table,” where the material sits. This is usually larger than the machining area, as the nozzle can’t travel all the way to the edge of the table. The catcher tank is sized to fit the table. When purchasing a waterjet, one thing you will have to decide is the size of the table.\nThe ideal abrasive waterjet shop would have several small machines, one medium sized one, and one large one, running two or more nozzles. However, if you are only buying one machine, then the choice is not as clear, and depends a lot on the kind of work you currently do, and the kind of work you want to get into.\nBig machines are more expensive to purchase and operate, but you are not limited in the size of a part you can make without indexing it.\nSmall machines are less expensive to purchase and operate, and are small enough that it is more fun to use the machine. It is more convenient to use the machine for smaller jobs, and for “machinist” type work. For small parts, you can be more profitable, because you are not trying to pay for a big machine.\nThere is no good answer to this, however, so ultimately it is up to you. Keep in mind, however, that most sales people would rather sell a big machine than a small machine, because that is where they make the most money. When purchasing a machine, you need to determine how you will be making the most money.\nTable size and nozzle travel\nYou will pay more for a bigger table, bigger tables tend to be less accurate, and bigger tables take up a lot of space. You also need to have more work for the machine to pay for it. Smaller tables can often work with the occasional big piece of material with a little setup, so you might not miss out on as much work as you think. If you are a production or fabrication shop, where you do a lot of work with huge sheets of material, then you should look at the bigger tables\nRule of thumb\nThe table should be sized to easily hold stock material of standard sizes and the nozzle travel should be great enough to cut at least 1″ or 2″ (2.5 or 5 cm) greater than standard-sized material. For example, a machine shop generally using 2′ x 4′ (60 cm x 120 cm) stock material should have a nozzle travel of at least 26″ x 50″ (66 cm x 127 cm) and a fabrication shop using 4′ x 8′ (60 cm x 240 cm) material should have a nozzle travel of at least 50″ x 98″ (66 cm x 250 cm). This gives you a little room to move, fixture, and clamp material to the table.\nHere are some measurable things to consider regarding tank and size:\nHow much space does the entire machine take up? Don’t forget ceiling requirements. Will it fit in your shop?\nWhat is the biggest cut you can make without having to move the material?\nWhat is the biggest sheet of material you can fit in the machine, yet still cut submerged? Cutting with the material submerged is much quieter and cleaner than cutting in the open.\nWhat is the biggest sheet of material you can cut by feeding the material through the machine? Can you feed the material through the machine? In some cases this dimension may be that the biggest material you can machine is equal to the width of the machine in one dimension, and infinity in the other.\nBe sure to think about other factors such as how you will load and unload the material, how will you pull the finished parts from the machine, and are there things in the way such as bellows that might get damaged in the process.\nCutting with the material submerged greatly reduces noise and splash from the tank. This is important if you are operating in a machine shop environment, and don’t want to make a mess or have to wear hearing protection. Here are some things to consider:\nHow fast does the water level raise / lower?\nIt should be possible to raise or lower the level of water on the cutting surface by at least one inch per second (2.5 cm/sec) to insure rapid and convenient operation. Otherwise, you spend a lot of time waiting for the water to rise instead of making parts.\nWhat is the deepest you can submerge?\nFor good noise and splash protection you will want the water level at least 0.5″ (10 mm) from the top of the material. It is even nicer to raise the water level up to 2″ (5 cm) above the material being machined for maximum noise and splash protection. Some people prefer to cut without submerging so that they can watch that the nozzle does not break on loose material. This is unnecessary if your nozzle is properly protected, and you program your paths with collision avoidance in mind.\nMaterial handling and fixturing\nYou want to consider how you will get material into your machine, which will depend on how large the table is. Questions to ask about material handling and fixturing include:\nWhat is the biggest piece of material you can fit submerged in the machine?\nRemember that this will be smaller than the largest piece of material you can fit on the table. Make sure you can fit a standard size sheet of the material you work with the most.\nWhat if your material is bigger than the table?\nIf the material you want to cut is larger than the table, can you put the material on top of the machine, or are there guards in the way?\nWhat is the actual cutting envelope of the machine?\nThe cutting area of the machine is usually smaller than the table size, and it can be further reduced by some accessories you may purchase.\nHow does the cutting envelope compare with standard material sizes?\nIf the cutting envelope is smaller than your standard material size, you may not be able to use as much of the material as you want. One of the advantages of waterjets is that you can use most of the material, because of the small kerf and small sideways forces.\nWhat options do you have for fixturing your material?\nHow will you make sure that your material doesn’t move during machining? Most fixturing with waterjets involves clamping the material, so make sure that there are places where you can attach clamps.\nHow rigid is the table? This affects the accuracy of the final part. Is the positioning system connected to the tank or separate? If they are separate, you may find that the two systems move independently of each other, and therefore, the part you are cutting also moves independently of the machine. If they are not rigidly attached, then a forklift driving by, or the machine’s motion itself could cause vibration marks on your parts. This will result in a less precise part with worse edge quality.\nAlso check the rigidity of the nozzle attachment to the table. It does not have to be super rigid, as the cutting forces exerted by the jet are not very strong, but it should not move easily either, or it may be pulled by the high pressure tubing. Relative vibrations between nozzle and part are a common source of fine errors when trying to achieve maximum precision with some machines.\nWhat happens to spent material and water? Some systems have optional tank clean-out systems, or you may have to shovel the tank out by hand. Shoveling by hand is a lot cheaper than an automatic clean out system, but finding volunteers can be difficult.\nThere are also some after market clean-out systems available.\nAs long as you are not cutting toxic materials, your waste water can be sent down the drain, although you can recycle it if you want. If you are cutting toxic materials, you will need to have a water recycling system and a way to dispose of your waste garnet, as it will be contaminated with small pieces of the material.\nWater recycling is sometimes useful in areas where water/sewer is expensive, or if you are cutting hazardous materials regularly. You don’t have to get a water recycling system from the same place you get your waterjet, however.\nMaterial is supported in the tank by a system of slats, typically spaced about 1″ (2.5 cm) apart. With time, the slats will get cut by the nozzle and need to be replaced. You should look for material support slats that can be quickly changed on an individual basis as needed or removed completely for simple installation of special holding fixtures.\nCan the machine be easily moved to a new location?\nSome machines are easy to move with a forklift, while others (especially big ones) may require significant effort, rebuilding, and calibrating. This may or may not be important depending on how often you re-arrange or move your shop or whether you ever intend to sell the machine.\nChoosing a nozzle doesn’t just happen when you purchase your waterjet machine. You can also purchase new nozzles throughout the life of your waterjet, as technology advances and newer and better nozzles come out. Regardless of the technology, however, there are still some basic features to look for.\nLook for a precision nozzle assembly with fixed alignment jewel orifice and mixing tube. It should be possible to change or exchange either an abrasivejet nozzle or a pure waterjet nozzle in under five minutes without special tools. It should be possible to completely overhaul a nozzle in less than 15 minutes.\nMixing tube guard\nCheck that the nozzle has a mixing tube guard that protects the mixing tube from side impacts that can happen if the operator accidentally runs the nozzle into the side of piece of material stock. Many nozzles expose the mixing tube out where they are easily broken. The mixing tube is delicate, so make sure its protected.\nMixing tube protectors will also reduce the amount of splash as well, especially during piercing. You can always remove the protector for special needs, but having the protector will save you a lot of money and frustration.\nMixing tube life\nMixing tube life is quoted differently by every manufacturer. Most manufacturers use the same mixing tube material from Boride, and thus they wear at similar rates. Mixing tubes are like drill bits: when is a drill bit worn out? That depends on what you are using it for. If you are using it for precision machining, then it is considered worn out earlier. For rough work, you can say it lasts longer. Mixing tube life is strongly affected by water quality .\nMixing tube size\nLonger mixing tubes give slightly better focus, and perhaps last a little longer. Smaller inside diameters give slightly faster cutting, and more precision, but wear a little quicker. Thicker mixing tubes are less likely to break when they hit something.\nMixing tube diameter\nSmaller mixing tube diameters offer greater precision, reduced taper, and reduced kerf. They also do not require much pumping power, because they are typically used with a correspondingly smaller jewel. However, they do not cut as quickly as larger ones connected to larger pumps.\nDiamond, ruby, and sapphire jewels\nMost jewels used in waterjets are made from rubies, because they are relatively cheap and relatively durable. Rubies and sapphires are the same thing, except that rubies have a slight impurity that makes them red. Diamond jewels usually last longer but are more expensive.\nYou typically replace the jewel at the same time you replace a mixing tube, and the cheap rubies work well. If you don’t like replacing your jewel, you can use a diamond jewel. This should not make or break a buying decision, because most manufacturers offer the option of either jewel type (as well as the after-market). Water quality significantly affects jewel life. With clean water, jewels and mixing tubes last longer.\nWith the high pressures created by waterjets, making sure the jewel is accurately aligned can dramatically affect wear on the mixing tube and cutting efficiency. Most nozzles are pre aligned, but some require that you do it manually. If your jewel doesn’t align well, then you will wear your mixing tube out prematurely because the water is hitting the side of the tube instead of shooting straight down it. Also, you will not cut as effectively.\nBesides nozzle design in general, one thing that can cause jewel misalignment is accumulated minerals caused by poor water quality. The accumulated materials will change the geometry of the jewel, and disturb the jet. Another thing that can cause jewel misalignment is dirt under the jewel, which can occur when rebuilding the nozzle. Always do your nozzle rebuilds in a clean environment, and clean the items you are rebuilding to avoid this kind of problem. Likewise, if you rebuild something upstream, such as the pump, you should remove the nozzle and flush the system, to insure no upstream debris can damage or plug the jewel.\nRunning multiple nozzles is a reasonable way to increase productivity without buying a second machine. You will need a large pump, or several small pumps to operate multiple nozzles at once. Then, simply mount your nozzles next to each other on the same machine. There is some risk, however, that a nozzle clog or snag on one nozzle can ruin all the parts underneath the other nozzles.\nNote that when running multiple nozzles, some precision is lost because of the inability to compensate for tool wear exactly over both nozzles, but in most applications it’s still possible to get good precision.\nIf you are doing lots of the same part over and over, you can produce more at once with multiple heads. Many high production waterjet shops cut with multiple cutting heads, and most job and machine shops use a single head.\nSome manufacturers offer a “MiniJet” nozzle, which is a nozzle with a smaller jewel and mixing tube that can produce a very thin cut, as thing as 0.020″ (0.5 mm). These MiniJet nozzles are good for cutting very small pieces, where the tiny cut allows intricate features to be cut, such as for jewelry. They are also good when cutting expensive material or precious metals where you want to preserve as much of the material as possible.\nBecause the waterjet stream is narrower, they will cut slower than a standard nozzle. Still, many machine shops find it useful to keep a MiniJet nozzle handy for specialty work.\nThe abrasive feed system makes sure that there is a steady flow of abrasive to the nozzle where it is mixed with the water. Flow rates are typically about a pound a minute (0.5 kg/min). You have some choices in types of hoppers for your waterjet machine.\nIf you do long runs of cutting, you will probably want a hopper that gives you lots of time by holding a lot of abrasive. Hoppers with capacities of 300 lb to 600 lb (135 to 275 kg) are pretty common, and are a good option to invest in.\nEventually your will get a mixing tube clog and water will shoot back into your abrasive system. Look for a design that doesn’t make you empty your hopper if water backs up the abrasive line.\nIf you like to adjust and tune your system, then you might want to change abrasive types for certain materials. This is not necessary for most machine shops, but if you do glass, or other non-metallic materials, then you may want to machine with a finer or softer abrasive. In that case, you’ll want to have an abrasive feed system that makes it easy to use other types of abrasives.\nSimilarly, you may want to be able to adjust abrasive flow rates to get the best machining for different materials. Some feed systems have a single flow rate, while others let you adjust the flow rate as desired.\nThe basic abrasive feed system designs are discussed below.\nHopper next to nozzle\nHaving the hopper next to the nozzle is sometimes called a “mini hopper.” In this case, there is a metering device underneath the hopper that opens up to allow gravity to drop the abrasive through an orifice and into the abrasive tube.\nMini hopper mounted on positioning system to feed abrasive to nozzle\n- Fast abrasive delivery to nozzle\n- Easy to change abrasive types\n- Very accurate and consistent abrasive flow\n- You can see the abrasive level easily\n- Low capacity and must be refilled often\n- You need to be able to reach the hopper to refill it; if it needs refilling in the middle of making a part, you might have to interrupt machining to refill it\nThe common application of this design is for shops that do lots of single piece production, and don’t do long runs.\nBulk abrasive hopper fed from floor\nIn this case, suction from the nozzle is used to draw abrasive from a large abrasive tank on the floor that is typically pressurized with air into the nozzle.\nA bulk abrasive hopper\n- Easy to load in the abrasive, even from heavy bags (no need to lift up the bags)\n- Very high capacity that will last many hours before refill is needed\n- No warning before abrasive runs out\n- Typically the abrasive metering is not very accurate or consistent\n- More expensive\n- Harder to change abrasive types, unless you have more than one hopper where you can switch abrasive feed tubes\n- If water goes up abrasive tube (as in case of nozzle plug), then you may have to empty several hundred pounds of abrasive (depending on system)\n- To add abrasive, you have to first depressurize the system. This can be awkward if you need to do this while the machine is cutting, unless you also have a second small hopper to act as a buffer to give you time to fill.\nA combination of mini hopper and bulk hopper\nIn this setup the larger hopper feeds the smaller hopper located next to the nozzle.\nThis design generally offers the best of both worlds, specifically:\n- The small gravity fed hopper provides an even and precise abrasive flow rate\n- Provides faster response of abrasive delivery, which is essential for piercing brittle materials\n- Provides early warning, should the larger abrasive hopper run out.\n- Depending on the design, it can make it easy to change abrasive types for special purposes\n- Depending on the design, it can make it easy to change the abrasive flow rate for special purposes\n- Costs the most money\nThe “brain” of a waterjet machine is called the controller because it controls the high-pressure water pump, the abrasive flow, and the movement of the nozzle. Unlike older machine tools which are controlled by humans, waterjets are controlled by computers because of the complicated nature of the waterjet stream.\nThe software running on the controller is extremely important. You should look at your programming options thoroughly before purchasing a system. Make sure that you like the included software, and also make sure that you have other programming options available. Can you import files from AutoCAD, MasterCAM, Adobe Illustrator, and other popular CAD / CAM / Drawing packages?\nWatch out for proprietary software with unpublished file formats to store your CAD data, or tool path files. If you decide later on that you don’t like the software that comes with the system, it is nice to be able to export the data to a different CAD package. You may also want to use some other third party software for nesting, gear generation, or other special shape generation.\nAlso watch out for software that you must pay lots of money to upgrade, or pay money for extra seats (each computer the software is installed on is called a “seat”). Often, it is to your advantage to run the software on several computers. Perhaps one seat on the machine, one or two in the office, and another seat at home, or on your laptop. It is of course also to your advantage to run recent software with all the latest features and bug fixes.\nYou should also ask about maintenance and upgrade fees for the controller software. These hidden costs can be large, and upgrading software is something you will want to do at least once per year because of the rapid developments in this area, and for simple bug fixes.\nChoosing a good controller, then, is a key decision when purchasing a waterjet. You want to make sure that the controller does its job well, and that it’s easy for you to use. Following are a number of factors you should look at when choosing a controller.\nJet behavior compensation\nThe waterjet stream exhibits chaotic behavior—it’s difficult to accurately predict what it’s going to do, especially when the nozzle is moving. Not only is the stream lagging behind the nozzle, but it’s also bouncing off the material you are machining.\nOlder waterjet systems required you to set “feed rates” (how quickly the nozzle moved across the material). Most modern waterjets calculate these for you automatically and provide precise control of the nozzle. Still, there are differences in how well controllers compensate for jet behavior.\nYou should look for a motion control or programming system that calculates optimized nozzle travel speeds and speed variations based on the materials and shapes being machined prior to cutting the part. This type of control is critical to controlling wash-out and irregularity at corners and around curves. For ultra-precise machining, the control system should be capable of setting different speeds at very fine intervals, especially around curves and corners.\nThe controller should at a minimum compensate for the following\nAs the nozzle moves forward, the jet lags behind it. The faster the nozzle moves, the more the jet lags behind. This becomes even more complicated when the nozzle moves around corners as the jet can move outwards (bouncing off the walls of the cut more) and even cut into the corner itself. The controller should also “look ahead” on the toolpath, so that it can compensate for features that are coming up, such as corners, and slow down as needed.\nKick-back when accelerating out of a corner\nAs the nozzle moves out of a corner, it’s possible for the jet to bounce off the walls of the corner just cut, gouging them out. This is called “kick-back” and is controlled by adjusting the nozzle speed when exiting the corner.\nKerf width (Tool offset)\nThe kerf width refers to the amount of material removed by the waterjet stream. The width of your cutting stream will vary from nozzle to nozzle, and as a result of wear. Virtually any controller should compensate for this, typically by letting you enter a value that you’ve measured.\nThe controller should automatically predict and compensate for taper, typically by either slowing the cutting rate down or by tilting the nozzle.\nThe controller may use other optimizations the controller does for you to improve speed or precision such as automatic corner passing, corner looping, and automatic pierce assignments.\nHow the machine pierces materials is important. Ideally the controller should offer a full range of piercing methods to deal with different situations.\nAutomatic dual pressure support\nYour high-pressure water pump may support dual pressure, but that does little good if the controller doesn’t. Make sure that your controller will automatically switch the pump pressure for piercing. Otherwise, you will either not be able to use dual-pressure piercing, or you will be forced into the awkward condition of having to pre-pierce all the holes at low pressure, then cut at high pressure.\nError mapping and compensation\nIt is possible to compensate for low-grade components through software by using techniques such as “error mapping”. Error mapping can also be used to gain an extra measure of precision from an already high precision machine. Can you adjust the machine for a stretched ball screw? Do you need mapping? Is the machine in question constructed with cheap components, and compensated for through mapping?\nDepending on construction of the machine, this feature may or may not be necessary, although even on a precisely constructed machine, it is possible to get an order of magnitude greater precision with error mapping. Therefore, there are really two different applications for it:\n- Making a very low cost machine that is still reasonably precise. The biggest flaw to this strategy is that you need to perform the error mapping, which in itself is fairly expensive to do, and often needs to be done more than once. This is a complex solution to a problem that in many cases could be much better solved with precision components to begin with.\n- Making a precise machine more precise. If you have a machine that is already as precise as you can make it mechanically, then error mapping can increase precision by a factor of ten. Once you get to a certain level of precision in positioning accuracy, however, many other effects of waterjet machining will dominate, and additional positioning accuracy is pretty much useless except for someone doing something highly specialized such as researching cutting models\nUser interface issues\nThe interaction between you and the controller software is called the “user interface,” and it should be easy for you to understand how it works. To some extent, this is a matter of personal preference—some people like a very visual user interface, while others like lots of text. While you won’t become an expert after a few minutes of working with it, you should feel comfortable and commands should make sense and work the way you think they should.\nTry drawing a part from scratch. Don’t watch a “canned” demonstration of a memorized part. Is it easy to make just one part, and does it turn out good the first try—or do you have to make a part, then adjust your program , then make another part?\nDoes the programming system have automated features to speed up common processes such as tool path creation and geometry fixing?\nIf the programming system makes the tool path for you, can you override what it did, if you don’t like what it did? This may be quite important for collision avoidance. Probably more so than for other machines such as lasers where parts that are cut can simply fall under the table, and not pose a collision hazard. In waterjet machining, the parts will tend to tip on the supports, and present collision hazards. Falling into the tank is not desirable for various reasons—especially the fact that the blast from the nozzle may cut up the part as it falls.\nPart creation options\nLook at the options available for creating parts, since this is a key activity in running your waterjet. Most controllers include software for drawing parts and preparing them for creation on the waterjet. Making parts on a waterjet requires some special adjustments, such as surface finish and hole drilling, so you’ll probably need to use the controller software for at least part of this.\nYou may also want to use software from other companies with your waterjet. If you are already familiar with a CAD / CAM package, check that the controller can import those files and work with them. Again, try it out. Don’t rely on assurances that it will work–people who have worked with computers for years don’t believe anything until they see it work.\nNo single nesting software package will suit everyone’s unique needs. There are many widely varied nesting software packages out there, and they each have their strengths and weaknesses for a given task. Nesting software ranges from about $1000 to over $25,000, depending on capability. Be sure to check upgrade prices for this software.\n- Does the company that makes your abrasivejet publish their file formats publicly?\nIf not, then you may not have many choices of nesting software, and may be locked into whatever package the manufacturer of your machine has to offer. This is not necessarily bad, but you will not have much choice in the matter.\n- Do you need to output files to your other machines?\nIf so, make sure that the nesting software you get can post to your other machines as well. Some nesting software can post only to lasers and waterjets and other “beam cutting” tools, while other nesting software can also do punch presses and other tools.\n- Do you intend to nest a single part over and over to fill a sheet of material, as in a production environment?\nOr will you instead start with a piece of material, then fill it up with a wide variety of different parts?\nThe answer to this question will mean a huge difference in price of the nesting software. Most waterjet users cut the same part over and over, and don’t fill sheets with all sorts of different shaped parts. Therefore, think about this carefully before purchasing the more expensive nesting software options.\nYou may want to wait until you have your machine for a few months, then decide if you need nesting software, and what features you really need.\nIf you are an OMAX Customer, be sure to read the “nesting software buyers guide” in the OMAX Interactive Reference.\nSoftware for scanning is useful for converting artwork from a scanned image or photograph into a vector CAD file. If you are planning on doing artwork, or reverse-engineering parts, you may want to see what kind of image tracing capabilities come with your machine. There are also third party software options in this regard such as Cutting Shop from Arbor Image, Adobe Illustrator, and others. Look for “Raster To Vector” software with your favorite search engine for other options.\nThings go wrong, even with waterjet machining and you should consider how well the controller can recover if your mixing tube clogs or breaks.\nHow easy is it to save the part? Look for user specified machine home or “Zero” positions. Also look for the ability to stop in the middle of a cut, and backup, then resume, and the ability to quickly jump to a specific spot on the path. Find out how to recover, should the power go out in the middle of machining a $5000 part.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Transfer printing enhanced by new laser-driven shape memory effect\nA unique transfer printing approach detailed in Assistant Professor Seok Kim’s paper, “Laser-Driven Shape Memory Effect for Transfer Printing Combining Parallelism with Individual Object Control,” was published last week in the journal Advanced Materials Technologies. His graduate student Jeffrey Eisenhaure is first author on the paper.\n“Transfer printing, a method using polymeric stamps to transfer micro-objects, has been demonstrated either as a parallel process with high throughput, or as a low throughput process allowing individual manipulation of micro-objects—but not both simultaneously,” Kim said. “So it has been challenging to claim that transfer printing-based microassembly is a highly flexible and scalable, manufacturing process.”\nTo address this challenge, Kim and Eisenhaure presented a unique transfer printing approach which enables arbitrary pattern transfer from an array of micro-objects via localized control of adhesion. The technique relies on thermally induced shape change of shape memory polymer (SMP) stamp arrays with carbon black-composite shape memory polymer (CBSMP) microstructuring.\nIn this process, heat is first delivered globally by a resistive heater, facilitating parallel micro-object pickup, then locally by laser illumination absorbed within the CBSMP during printing. This enables precise and selective micro-object release with packing density limited only by the spot size of the accompanying laser system.\nThis work, along with Kim’s “micro-LEGO” manufacturing techniques, serves as a foundation to make transfer printing-based assembly one of the common micro-manufacturing methods, enabling microsystems with higher performance or new functionalities, with relevance not only to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) but also to electronics, photonics, and other areas.\nKim is a leading scientist in advanced transfer printing and transfer printing-based microassembly. His work on multiple-material assembly, called “micro-LEGO,” was recently published by Scientific Reports. He joined the MechSE department as an assistant professor in 2011. He earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering in 2000 from Pohang University of Science and Technology (South Korea), a master’s degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering in 2005 from UCLA, and a PhD in mechanical engineering in 2009 from Carnegie Mellon University.\nEisenhaure received his bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering in 2007 from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Waterjets can make parts to very tight tolerances and today some machines can create parts with a tolerance of as small as ± 0.001″ (0.025 mm), although ±0.002″ (0.05 mm) is perhaps more realistic in most cases. Achieving these tolerances requires an understanding of the factors that affect precision waterjet machining.\nObtainable tolerances vary greatly from manufacturer to manufacturer. Most of this variation comes from differences in controller technology, and some of the variation comes from machine construction. Over the years, progress has been made in improving the ability of waterjets to achieve high tolerances. A machine from 1990 was capable of tolerances of 0.060″ to 0.010″ (1.5 mm to 0.25 mm), between 10 and 60 times higher than today’s machines.\nPositioning accuracy vs. tolerance\nPositioning accuracy refers to how precisely the abrasivejet head can be positioned on the X-Y cutting table, and specifically how reproducible that positioning is. Being able to precisely position the cutting head is an important first step to achieving high tolerances, but it’s only the first step.\nWhen purchasing a machine, be sure measure parts that come off the machine you are going to buy. Some manufacturers stretch the truth a bit when quoting tolerances, or they quote the positioning accuracy of the mechanics of the machine, which does not necessarily translate into the cutting accuracy in the final parts.\nA machine that can position the cutting head to within 0.001″ (0.025 mm) might still produce parts accurate to only 0.005″ (0.12 mm).\nWhat affects precision?\nThere are a number of factors that affect the tolerances that can be achieved on a part. Some of these are easier to control than others.\nThe hardness of the material affects how precisely you can machine it. Harder materials typically exhibit less taper, and taper is a big factor in determining what kind of tolerances you can hold. You can compensate for taper by adjusting the cutting speed or tilting the cutting head opposite of the taper direction. See Introduction to tilting.\nAs the material gets thicker, it becomes more difficult to control the behavior of the jet as it exits out the bottom. This will cause blow-out in the corners, and more taper around curves. Material thickness also affects both the amount and the type of taper. Materials thinner than 1/8″ (3 mm) tend to exhibit V-shaped taper, while very thick material can show barrel-taper.\nObviously, the more precisely you can position the jet, the more precisely you can machine the part. Generally speaking, though, it is much easier to find precise tables, than it is to find machines that can make precise parts.\nStability of table\nVibrations between the motion system and the material, poor velocity control, and other sudden variances in conditions can cause blemishes in the part (often called witness marks), as shown in a severe case below.\nWitness marks on a part\nThe hardware that is out there varies greatly in stability and susceptibility to vibrations. If the cutting head vibrates relative to the part you are cutting, then your part will be uneven. Witness marks can also be caused by poor fixturing of the material.\nControl of the abrasive jet\nA precise machine starts with a precise table, but it is the control of the jet that brings the precision to the part. A key factor in precision is software—not hardware. This is also true for cutting speed. Good software can increase cutting speeds dramatically. This is because it is only through sophisticated software that the machine can compensate for a “floppy tool” made from a stream of water, air, and abrasive.\nWaterjet machining has certain built-in limitations to tolerance. While you can compensate for them to some extent, they will limit the precision of your final parts. Following is a discussion of the major areas that limit precision with waterjet machining.\nAlso note that “precision” is a relative term–waterjets can create parts with a tolerance of as small as ± 0.001″ (0.025 mm), although ±0.002″ (0.05 mm) is perhaps more realistic in most cases.\nBecause the waterjet is a “floppy tool,” it tends to wander as you are machining. On straight line cutting, this translates into a “lag” as shown in this illustration:\nNote that the jet lags behind the moving nozzle\nThis lag can usually be ignored when cutting in a straight line, but becomes critical when near a corner. As the jet approaches a corner, it becomes necessary to slow the motion down so the bottom of the jet can catch up to the top, and be perpendicular to your material. If you don’t slow down, you will have an ugly corner indeed.\nIf you accelerate quickly when coming out of a corner, the jet will kick back, and mar your part.\nMost modern waterjet controllers compensate for this behavior automatically. The difference between manufacturers is the extent to which their software accurately models the behavior of the jet. Some software does a better job than others.\nThe important thing if you already own a waterjet is to make sure you take advantage of software updates offered by the manufacturer. These updates can incorporate newer models, which can improve the accuracy of your waterjet without changing any of the hardware.\nAbrasive jets have a tool width that typically ranges between 0.020″ (0.5mm) and 0.040″ (1.0mm), depending on the mixing tube diameter. As you slow down to make a nice corner, the kerf grows slightly. The amount it grows is a function of how much you slowed down, while the amount you must slow down by is a function of your material thickness. In other words, the thicker the material, the harder it is to get precision in the corners.\nMost controllers compensate for kerf width automatically, but don’t fully compensate for the kerf growing as a function of speed.\nKerf width depends on the nozzle you are using. With low horsepower pumps, you have a narrower kerf. With high horsepower pumps, you have a larger kerf.\nPure waterjets have a smaller kerf than abrasivjets.\nTaper is the difference between the top profile of the cut verses the bottom profile. As the waterjet stream rapidly erodes the material, it may do so unevenly, resulting in an uneven edge, similar to a canyon formed by a stream. For more information on taper, see All about taper.\nTaper prevents your part from having a straight edge and will affect precision. For maximum precision, you should invest in a tilting jet head to eliminate taper.\nLead-in and Lead-out\nIt takes time, and distance, to pierce the material before you can begin making the part. This section of the tool path is called the “lead-in” (at the beginning of the part), and a “lead-out” at the end of the part, where the cutting continues while the water pressure is reduced. The size of the lead-in and lead-out will depend on the thickness and type of material, as you need to wait for the bottom of the jet (where the jet exits the material), which will lag more in thicker materials.\nEven with a lead-in and lead-out, it is difficult, and often impossible to avoid a small witness mark in your final part.\nThe precision of the positioning system sets a practical limit on how precisely you can make parts. If the machine positions the head to a precision of 0.001″ (0.025 mm), then that is the limit to the precision of your final part.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What is abscess? What are the causes, symptoms and types of abscess? Information on abscess treatment.\nAbscess; a localized collection of pus caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites that have gained access to solid tissue.\nMost abscesses are caused by pusforming (pyogenic) bacteria. These bacteria include staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, and meningococci. They liberate toxins that destroy cells, increase the local acidity, and cause the capillaries to dilate. White blood cells (leukocytes) then can pass through the dilated capillary walls. These white cells liquefy dead tissue, resulting in a cavity containing pus. Pus consists of living and dead bacteria, fragments of destroyed tissue, some white cells, and fluid given off fromcells. When an abscess occurs, monocytes (certain white cells) are mobilized to eliminate the dead cells and bacteria by a process known as phagocytosis. Other cells combine with newly formed capillaries and other elements to form a wall to delimit the abscess. The size of the abscess is determined by the number and virulence of the bacteria and also by the resistance of the host.\nSymptoms. The chief signs of an abscess are swelling, pain, heat, and redness. Swelling is the result of the accumulation of fluid, serum, and other substances given off by the cells. Pain is attributed to increased tension that exerts pressure on local sensory nerve endings. Heat and redness are due to the engorgement of blood vessels. When the pain is severe, a fifth sign may appear: interference with the normal functioning of the organ or organism. Fever and a general feeling of malaise may also occur. Other complaints vary with the location of the abscess.\nTypes of Abscesses:\nVarious names are applied to abscesses according to the causal agent and the location of the abscess.\nBrain abscesses may result from different types of bacteria carried from an original site of infection in the ear, nasal passages, lung, or heart. The majority of brain abscesses come from middle ear infections and occur in the area of the cerebellum. However, an abscess may develop in any part of the brain.\nAn abscess around the tonsil (peritonsillar abscess) sometimes develops as a complication of streptococcal tonsillitis. Also known as quinsy sore throat, it may produce pus that spreads to form another abscess behind the pharynx (retropharyngeal abscess).\nA lung abscess is usually caused by the aspiration of infected material. This may follow surgery in which a general anesthesia has been used, or it may result from an infected blood clot or from some types of bacterial pneumonia. When the abscess erodes a major part of the bronchial tube, the patient coughs up large amounts of pus. If the abscess remains untreated, pus may develop in the cavity around the lungs (pleural cavity), causing empyema.\nAbscesses of the kidney are usually the result of infections spreading up from the bladder; they may also result from bacteria carried in the blood from a carbuncle or from an inflammation of the lining of the heart (endocarditis).\nAbscesses of the fiver may be caused by bacteria in the veins, arteries, and ducts entering the liver. The portal vein, which drains the intestinal tract and goes to the liver, is responsible for most abscesses of the fiver. An example is the amoebic abscess, a common complication of amoebic dysentery.\nOvarian abscesses often are associated with an infection of the fallopian tube on the same side. In such a case, the term “tubo-ovarian abscess” is employed.\nThe general treatment for an abscess is the surgical evacuation and drainage of the abscess and the administration of antimicrobial drugs to combat infection. Small abscesses may undergo complete resolution without drainage, while larger abscesses may continue to accumulate pus until the abscess breaks.\nWhen uncontrolled, bacteria from abscesses may get into the blood stream and cause abscesses to appear in distant organs.\n***This article is for informational purposes only. It is not a doctor warning or recommendation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "In the any industry that requires the use of heavy industrial equipment, safety is paramount. Every day work crews risk injury when handling these machines, so every effort should be made to keep work sites as safe as possible. Through safety courses, various certifications, ANSI and OSHA requirements, and better-developed equipment, manufacturers and the industries using such machinery strive to provide safer working conditions for workers. This is further supported by the development of new technology in radio remote controls for the operation of a boom and crane.\nBoom trucks have been operated in a number of different ways ever since being developed. Control usually is from either inside the vehicle or from external controls on the chassis. Both of these arrangements can leave operators exposed to certain risks, such as a malfunctioning boom, the dropping of heavy items, unbalanced vehicles that tip over, or even accidental electrocution. It is an unfortunate part of the job, sometimes simply unavoidable when working with machinery that handles such large loads.\nWith all risk factors in mind, boom truck technology has advanced to remote radio-controlled operation. Such distant control greatly increases job site safety by removing operators and all other workers from the immediate operating area of these machines. In case of an accident such as dropping a load, tipping over, or a boom malfunction, the worst damage should be the loss of the equipment or the load being lifted while human lives are protected. Remote control offers the ability to operate multiple ton units with precision, without the associated risks that have caused serious injuries and even deaths in the past.\nUnfortunately, the remote operation of such heavy machinery is not foolproof, having had its share of problems. Depending on the device that is used, its radio frequency and the job site location can cause interference between the operator and the device which is a notable concern and an additional safety issue.\nThere has been some advancement in the use of military-developed, spread-spectrum radio frequencies and remote devices designed to alleviate such problems. Radio signals from these devices move faster than other types of radio frequencies, which makes the other types unable to interfere with this device’s signal. With a higher safety record and more proven effectiveness in preventing radio interference, equipment manufacturers are beginning to look toward the exclusive use of such technology. The biggest concern is that these types of radio remote controls will greatly increase vehicle production costs due to the inclusion of such a high-tech component. There is some controversy over whether or not larger manufacturers will regularly use this newer, more sophisticated radio technology making such units more expensive.\nAs remote controls on boom trucks become a more standard feature, many of the larger vehicle manufacturers are in favor of this newer, more advanced technology as the best way to ensure work crew safety. There is still much discussion to occur about both the pros and cons of standardizing a more expensive remote control technology and how to bring the cost down without sacrificing safety. Yes, protection from harm can occur with boom truck remote radio-controlled handling and be beneficial – so long as the cost doesn’t significantly increase as well!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Use of biogas\nUse of biogas to produce electric or thermal energy\nThe by-product of anaerobic treatment is a high-energy biogas which can be combusted in its own boiler room or possibly fed to the central boiler in the factory.\nWith larger volumes of biogas produced it is advantageous to install a cogeneration unit. It can provide a combined use of biogas for electricity and heat generation. By cleaning your wastewater you will get clean, environmentally friendly energy that will help you reduce your operating costs.\nLooking for a similiar solution?\nIf you are looking for a solution we can provide or you need to get in touch with us, please fill in a form bellow and we will get back to you shortly.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chemicals serve many functions in hydraulic fracturing. From limiting the growth of bacteria to preventing corrosion of the well casing, chemicals are needed to insure that the fracturing job is effective and efficient.\nWhy Chemicals Are Used\nGiven today's technology, chemicals must be used in hydraulic fracturing to ensure the producing formation is effectively treated. The chart shown below depicts generic hydraulic fracturing chemical usage including the types of chemicals, their uses in the process and the result of their use.\nAs previously noted, chemicals perform many functions in a hydraulic fracturing job. Although there are dozens to hundreds of chemicals which could be used as additives, there are a limited number which are routinely used in hydraulic fracturing. The following is a list of the chemicals used most often. This chart is sorted alphabetically by the Product Function to make it easier for you to compare to the fracturing records .", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Importance of Chelated Minerals\nThe human body needs minerals for various important functions within the body. Normally, this can be provided by a balanced diet; however, the standard modern diet is often lacking in some of the most important minerals.\nThis is mostly due to overly processed food and depleted soil, making it difficult to get the optimal daily intake. In addition, people who have a dairy intolerance may not get enough calcium.\nMineral supplements are often recommended to help maintain optimal mineral levels in the body. But how do you know which ones to choose when there are several different forms of minerals on the market. Today’s post will cover chelated minerals and the benefits of this form of mineral.\nDefinition of Chelate\nChelate comes from the Greek word for “claw,” and in the supplement world, this refers to how organic compounds are attached to a minerals. Chelation is a specific binding process that binds inorganic minerals with organic compounds to provide more stability and bioavailability. When you are comparing the different mineral supplements on the market, it’s important to keep in mind that this process is used for better absorption, which is the main benefit of taking chelated minerals.\nThe complete ring structure of chelated minerals also increases stability. That stability reduces the chances of negative reactions with fat-soluble vitamins and other minerals. Therefore, the added stability is an important component of increasing the absorption rate in a few different ways.\nAbsorption of minerals is a common issue because any nutrient that reaches the upper GI tract is not absorbed very well. That’s why mineral supplements need greater bioavailability. Many mineral supplements are taken from inorganic sources or mineral salts, which are poorly assimilated and have low bioavailability. While citric acid is a chelating agent that improves the absorption of minerals, it does not form a complete ring.\nWhen you take a product that contains various minerals, it is also important that each mineral comes in the chelated form. For example, Miracle Choice Chelated Minerals advanced chelation enhances absorption.\nWhy our bodies require Chelated Minerals:\nIn order to maintain and regulate necessary body functions it is vital that minerals become a staple in our lives. Chelated Minerals are necessary for the nervous system, normalizing the heartbeat, improving the brain and mental abilities, fighting fatigue, and increasing energy, electrolyte balance and aiding the metabolic process.\nChelated Minerals are the building blocks to the life of every cell in our bodies. They are pivotal components of many life-supporting systems and contain over 74+ organic minerals and other nutrients associated with blood, enzymes, hormones, oxygen transport and cellular activities.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Android Analog clock and Digital clock example\nThe android.widget.AnalogClock and android.widget.DigitalClock classes provides the functionality to display analog and digital clocks.\nAndroid analog and digital clocks are used to show time in android application.\nAndroid AnalogClock is the subclass of View class.\nAndroid DigitalClock is the subclass of TextView class. Since Android API level 17, it is deprecated. You are recommended to use TextClock Instead.\nThe AnalogClock was deprecated in API level 23. This widget is no longer supported. Instead if you want to use AnalogClock in your application you need to hard code. It does not appear in API level 27 to drag from palette.\nNote: Analog and Digital clocks cannot be used to change the time of the device. To do so, you need to use DatePicker and TimePicker.\nIn android, you need to drag analog and digital clocks from the pallet to display analog and digital clocks.\nNow, drag the analog and digital clocks, now the xml file will look like this.\nWe have not write any code here.\nJavaTpoint offers too many high quality services. Mail us on [email protected], to get more information about given services.\nJavaTpoint offers college campus training on Core Java, Advance Java, .Net, Android, Hadoop, PHP, Web Technology and Python. Please mail your requirement at [email protected]\nDuration: 1 week to 2 week", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Recently, in Singapore a case of Monkeypox virus has been reported. It is worrying news for all East South Asian countries because a first case has reported in this region.The disease mostly occurring in Central and West Asia. Singapore health ministry is taking serious step after that and the Nigerian citizen has been isolate from society.\nMonkeypox virus is followed by a rashes that forms blisters and crests on skin and swelling. During attacked of virus fever and body toughness felt by patients. Its symptoms are appear similar to chickenpox but it may not reason of patients death like chickenpox. Monkeypox mainly attacks on DNA through which its grow all the body\nAccording to World Health Organization(WHO) ,Monkeypox virus is zoonotic virus ,which mostly transmitted to people from various animals such as rodents and primates but has limited spread through human-to-human transmission. There is no specific treatment or vaccine available although prior smallpox vaccination highly effective in preventing Monkeypox as well.\nHuman Monkeypox was first identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the region where smallpox was eliminated in 1968. Since then,majority of cases reported in rural,rainforest regions of Congo Basin and Western Africa. In spring of 2003, Monkeypox case were confirmed in the United State America, It was first reported occurrence of the disease outside of the African continent.\nWhy its called Monkeypox? Its is the virus.It was first identified in 1958 amoung the laboratory along the body of Monkey after that its called ‘Monkeypox’. Most of case are reported in Nigeria in several years.\nRead More Latest Bollywood Movie Reviews & News\nRead More Sports News, Cricket News\nRead More Latest Mobile, Laptop News & Review\nToday’s Trending Videos\nJoin Us on Youtube: Subscribe Our Channel Now", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The technology of broiler farming mainly focuses on breeding and feeding management in order to improve the production capacity of broiler chickens and raise the efficiency of breeding, thereby increasing the overall income of the farm.\n1. Choose high-quality and high-yielding broiler breeders.\nSelect breeder breeds that are suitable for local growth conditions and have high yield performance, strong disease resistance and can produce high-quality offspring to purify breeders and prevent vertical spread of diseases.\n2 Strictly select young birds\nChicks must be hatched from 52-65 grams of breeding eggs, and the same batch of chicks should be from the same parent flock. The chicks have good feathers, clean and shiny. The umbilicus healed well without infection, and the feathers around the anus were dry. He is agile and lively, struggling forcefully in his hands, and his chicken feet are as shiny as wax.\nThree temperature is one of the main factors in the brooding stage, and the appropriate temperature can bring the maximum benefit of the feed.\nToo low temperature can easily cause respiratory disease and death of chickens. The first week of brooding in winter and spring is generally controlled at 35℃～36℃, and then lowered by 2℃～3℃ every week. Second, according to the reaction of chickens, this is also a problem that farmers should pay attention to. When the temperature is too low, the chickens will be sharp. It is called a pile. When the temperature is too high, the chickens are scattered and panting. The chickens are evenly distributed when the temperature is right. You can also use a combination of thermometer and senses to judge whether the temperature is suitable.\n4. Fresh air in the chicken house can prevent respiratory diseases.\nHarmful gases or dust in the air can affect the health of chickens and even cause death. The anaerobic bacteria in the chicken house decompose manure and nitrogen-containing organic matter to produce ammonia. When the ammonia concentration in the chicken house is 15×10-6, people feel uncomfortable. In addition, when the coal stove is used for heat preservation, a large amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced , Hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases, so you should ventilate without reducing the normal room temperature to reduce the content of harmful gases and dust in the chicken house.\n5. Special attention should be paid to the drying and cleaning of litter when raising broilers.\nDuring the brooding period, it is best to use horizontal raising on the Internet, so that the chickens and manure are separated to reduce diseases; the temperature of the medium and large chickens should be thickened to increase the temperature below 18 ℃.\nSixth, the density should not be too high\nExcessive density will cause unbalanced growth of chickens and increase of harmful gases in the air. Especially in spring, when humidity is high, chickens are susceptible to E. coli, coccidia, staphylococcus, etc., and can accelerate the epidemic. Therefore, broilers should generally be controlled at about 10 per square meter.\nSeven reduce stress response.\nExcessive voices, group transfers, vaccination, sudden weather changes, and feed conversion are bad stimuli to chickens and can often cause disease. Avoid unnecessary catching and disturbing as much as possible during the feeding period. Anti-stress drugs can be used for prevention before transfer to groups and vaccination; take care of the cold stress caused by the drop in temperature.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Bloom argued there are six levels of domain expertise, and his concern was that education systems at the time were rooted firmly on knowledge, the lowest level. (…) The objectives are a hierarchy showing your ability with a specific domain. Informally you can think of them like this…\n- Knowledge — The ability to recite lists, rules, formulas, specific facts.\n- Comprehension — The ability to understand the reasoning behind said rules/facts, and translate and re-state where necessary\n- Application — The ability to apply acquired knowledge in new situations to produce solutions\n- Analysis — The ability to recognize patterns, question reasoning, distinguish facts from inferences.\n- Synthesis — The ability create new knowledge, methods, formulas, based analysis of problems.\n- Evaluation — The ability to create multiple solutions and select the most effective in a given situation\nDes on the contrast blog", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Introduction The website is a means of rapidly locating information on the economic costs of soil erosion. Soil erosion is a form of soil degradation on agricultural land.\nPaul Bowles in the medina of Tangier, Morocco in An inveterate traveler, composer and writer, Paul Bowles was a truly remarkable figure whose life and work embodied and responded to major impulses of the twentieth century.\nHis life would be of considerable interest even had he not produced numerous musical scores, four novels, more than sixty short stories, many travel pieces, an unrevealing autobiography and dozens of translations of stories by Moroccan storytellers.\nBurroughs, Allen Ginsberg and Patricia Highsmith. Man is adrift in an endless existential quest to Essay about soil erosion together meaning in an increasingly chaotic, ugly, barbaric, horrifying world. Taprobane island sustained only minor damage from the tsunami disaster that occurred on December 26, Bowles fondly remembers his mother reading Poe to him in his early years, while he chiefly remembered his father, a dentist, as a strict disciplinarian.\nIn his autobiography, Bowles recounts hearing his grandmother tell him that his father had tried to kill him when he was a baby, by leaving him virtually naked in a basket by an open window in the dead of winter. True or not, these impressions and feelings certainly had a profound effect on the artist as a young man and can be felt on occasion in his writing.\nBowles began drawing maps and spinning fictions in notebooks when he was quite young.\nIn his late teens Bowles enrolled in the University of Virginia, conscious that Edgar Allan Poe had studied there nearly a century earlier.\nThus began a life of travel and expatriation that places him in a long tradition of American writers such as James Fenimore Cooper, Henry James, Gertrude Stein, Edith Wharton and so many others. After this first, short visit to Europe, Bowles returned to New York where he met the composer Henry Cowell who referred him to Aaron Copland for studies in composition.\nWhen Copland announced plans to go to Europe, Bowles was quick to follow. While in Paris the young Bowles, impeccably dressed and boyishly charming, found that doors opened easily before him.\nAmong those he called upon was Gertrude Stein, who had set up residence in Paris two decades earlier and lived, with her lover Alice B. Toklas, on rue de Fleurus.\nErosion of soil by water is quite significant and takes place chiefly in two ways (a) Sheet erosion, (b) Gully erosion. (a) Sheet movement of water causes sheet erosion and depends on the velocity and quantity of pronounced surface runoff and the erodability of the soil itself. A biographical essay on Paul Bowles' life as a composer, writer, translator and traveler by Allen Hibbard. Paul Bowles left the United States in and lived 52 years as an expatriate in Tangier, Morocco, where Paul Bowles wrote novels, short stories and travel articles, in addition to doing translations of Moroccan writers and storytellers. In this essay I intend to give facts and discuss the effects and causes on these topics and discuss the solutions being carried out to improve the conditions.\nIt was Stein who questioned his talents as a poet and first suggested he go to Morocco. Bowles could hardly have imagined that his first visit to Africa with Copland, inwould lead to such a long-term relationship with that continent.\nIn North Africa Bowles found a place where magic, storytelling, djenoun geniesthe power of the curse and a kind of primitive spirit were alive and vibrant. Throughout the thirties and the early forties Bowles lived nomadically, using New York a city for which he often expressed his disdainas a base.\nDuring this time he did a considerable amount of composing. His early compositions include: In Bowles met Jane Auer, whom he married the following year.Discuss on the impact of land clearance and reclamation for residential and urban infra-structural development on the environment.\nWith the high rate of urbanization and industrialization, land clearance and reclamation are the general practices to satisfy the demands for lands for development. Severe soil erosion brought about by animals overgrazing and vegetation being cleared in Kenya.\n(Reproduced by permission of. Essay on Soil Erosion and The Erosion of Civilizations - Soil erosion began with the dawn of agriculture, when people abandoned their hunter-gatherer lifestyles and began using the land for intensive agriculture, thus removing the protective vegetation cover .\nSoil erosion has arguably the greatest impact on the agricultural sector. The part which is removed during soil erosion is the topsoil. Topsoil contains the majority of the soil’s nutrients, organic matter and pesticides, so this would obviously pose a problem to farmers who rely on the soil for their yearly income.\nIn this essay I intend to give facts and discuss the effects and causes on these topics and discuss the solutions being carried out to improve the conditions.\nA biographical essay on Paul Bowles' life as a composer, writer, translator and traveler by Allen Hibbard. Paul Bowles left the United States in and lived 52 years as an expatriate in Tangier, Morocco, where Paul Bowles wrote novels, short stories and travel articles, in addition to doing translations of Moroccan writers and storytellers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Magellanic Penguins at Punta Tombo National Reserve, Patagonia, Argentina\nPuerto Madryn is the gateway to Peninsula Valdes in central eastern Patagonia, knowns as the best place to observe large marine life in their natural habitat. It is also the gateway to the Punto Tombo Natural Reserve, home to the largest colony of Magelan penguins in South America. I have seen whales but not penguins, so Porto Tombo it was.\nWe drove about 2 h south of Puerto Madryn along the coast hoping to see the thousands of Magelanic penguins who return to the shores of Patagonia every year. From September until the end of March the penguins spend their time picking their partners, mating, laying eggs, incubate their eggs, raising the chicks and preparing for the trip north to Brazil. Penguins mate for life and can live more than 30 years together.\nThe reserve is rather remote and the last 50 km or so are gravel roads so be prepared for some dust and rough patches, although over all the road is good. Be sure to fill up your tank as there are no gas stations within a convenient distance.\nThe natural reserve land was previously a private ranch (estancia) and was donated to the Chubut province by the owner in the 1970s. The large tract of land is home to various wildlife and en route we saw many alpacas (similar to llamas but smaller) roaming the fields safe from human predators.\nThe penguin reserve is regulated and you cannot just go wandering as you please. You enter through the ranger’s station and then follow a path, about a kilometer long, leading to the beach observation point. You begin to see penguins right away, they often seek shelter and shade below the footbridges along the path and in their burrows.\nMagellan penguins are named after the explorer Ferdinand Magellan who first spotted the species in 1520. They are about 30″ tall with tuxedo-like black back and white chest. Chicks are softer brown on the back and white on the front. Before laying the eggs they dig a burrow in the ground, often under a thorny bush, and the female lays her two eggs in the security of the shelter. The male stands guard by the burrow to protect the female but there is a division of labour as they take turns hatching the eggs and going out into the sea nearby to feed on fish and replenish body fat. They trade places every week or 10 days and while they remain on hatching duty they do not eat at all. Incubation continues for about 40 days and when the chicks hatch they remain in the burrows for another month until their waterproof feathers develop. One thing that surprised me was the lack of snow and the heat. Don’t penguins love the cold? Apparently not, Magellanic penguins hatch their eggs where temperatures remain over 20ºC.\nOn land penguins have no natural predators to worry about, but at sea they are preyed upon by seals and killer whales and unfortunately, some of them do not return to their burrows. Their biggest threat though cones from oil spills and decline of sea life on which they feed.\nEach year the penguins return to Punta Tombo to the same burrow they dug before. The male arrive earlier to make sure their burrow hasn’t been snapped up by some lazy penguin who prefers not to dig their own. Once the female arrives, she connects with her mate through his call.\nWe were lucky to have the colony still in the reserve as the season for hatching and raising the young was coming to an end. It was a remarkable to see them waddle clumsily on land and swim with such grace and efficiency in the water. Unphased by our presence they did not seem to mind us and we could get close although never left the marked path. They seem to tolerate the hundreds of tourists that flock to the area, and people were quite respectful of their presence and kept their distance.\nIt was a special experience, a new one for me and one I would like to repeat when opportunity arises.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The art of constructing buildings and making streets and sidewalks has been width us since the days of the Egyptians. While the technology used today to make concrete has certainly changed for the better, the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans used baking ovens where they mixed clay with straw and other earthen material to formulate material that was later used for construction. Today’s concrete and cement mixers look so much different than their earlier counterparts. When you talk of cement mixers, most people envision the huge cement rotating drums that are mounted on large construction trucks that speed to and fro construction sites.\nSometimes, cement mixers trucks are also known as concrete mixer trucks. While cement and concrete are actually different, people refer to them interchangeably. Concrete mixers use specialized technology that mixes sand, gravel, water and some chemicals to form cement which is a gooey substance that is used to make sidewalks and road paths.\nThese mixers are very convenient. In the past, people used to mix the concrete and cement themselves and this was not always very efficient because it was slow. The hand mixed cement mixers did not always do a good job. This was because of the time element and the composition element. The cement was then packed into wheel barrows then ferried to the construction site. But cement mixers have changed all this and are a much better option. They save time and encourage efficiency because the cement can be processed and mixed at the same time while the truck is on the way to the construction site.\nCement began being part of road construction in the 1800s and all this was brought about by the motor revolution which caused many cars to be manufactured. Then in the 1920s automobiles became more widespread and so did concrete mixers.\nIn the 1970s, there were some concerns raised by environmentalists regarding cement mixers and there were technological modifications made in order to ensure that the concrete mixers were environment. Today, the concrete mixers, use safer materials, emit less toxins, are skid resistant and are also more or less weather resistant. The 18-wheeler trucks have also been modified to support cement and transportation of that cement to and fro the construction site.\nToday, over 90% of the roads in the United States are constructed using cement. The trucks can be bought from the regular car dealers that sell ordinary cars. Companies like Ford, Fiat, Mercedes Benz all have truck divisions which sell cement trucks. If you wanted to purchase a truck you also might want to look online. If your budget is shoe-string then the best place to look for a concrete mixer truck is online where someone may be selling a used truck. eBay also stocks good deals when it comes to cement trucks and the price is also affordable because eBay allows buyers to bid on the products.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A couple months ago, some of our friends did something called Whole 30. It’s an eating program that helps you break bad habits and cravings, and identifies any food sensitivities that might be causing you digestive issues. It emphasizes eating foods with few ingredients and nothing processed, so that means a lot of meat, veggies, fruit, and nuts. They said it was great so we’ve been thinking about doing it for a while. I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables anyway, so that part wouldn’t be hard, but no chocolate or baked goods (no sugar allowed!) would be tough.\nWe haven’t quite gotten started but have looked into it and are planning to make it happen soon. There are tons of materials out there about the program, including a version of the four page introduction in Spanish. I was excited to see this because it means that the Whole 30 people are inclusive and want to reach a wide audience, and also because it meant I got to practice my Spanish. I read through it and enjoyed understanding familiar content along with encountering some new words and phrases.\nFor example, the intro included the phrase “alergias estacionales.” “Alergias” is of course a cognate (allergies), so that part was easy, but at first I wasn’t sure what “estacionales” meant. I broke down the word into a more basic form that I might recognize, “estacion,” and was pretty sure that meant “season.” I googled it and saw that I was correct. Thus, the phrase “alergias estacionales” is “seasonal allergies.” Using previous knowledge and contextual information, I was able to acquire a new phrase. I am an allergy sufferer so I have a tangible experience to tie this phrase to, which will help it endure in my mind.\nWhen encountering new words in a language, making associations with real life things (visualization, memories, etc.) can be an effective way to remember them. If you can connect the language with something you’ve actually seen, done, or experienced, it is more likely to be truly integrated into your knowledge. After all, the purpose of language is sharing information about reality: ourselves, the world around us, and all the things it contains.\nLearning Spanish food vocabulary is an area where this is fairly easy to do. Since I read the introduction to Whole 30 in Spanish, throughout the 30 day program I will be able to think about what I’m doing in Spanish. I have (at least some of) the vocabulary and phrases I need to conceptualize and reflect on what’s going on in my actual life, and that is powerful for language acquisition. We eat at least three times a day so food is a regular part of our lives. It is also a multi-sensory experience – sight, smell, taste, touch, perhaps even hearing something cooking – which makes for excellent learning material because it gives your brain multiple points of association to grab on to. Try cooking a traditional Argentinian dish or ordering Peruvian food for lunch when you’re at work to really connect the food with what you’re learning.\nIf you want to acquire Spanish, integrate it into your real life. For a great way to immerse yourself in authentic Spanish, download Pars Omni Spanish Voices for free today and get access to native spoken Spanish right from your computer.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A Useful Guide On How To Remove Fluoride From Water\nDo you know how to remove fluoride from water? If not, you are the right place to learn the easy tips on it. People are conscious enough about the controversy surrounding fluoridation of the drinking water. This is a way to get the drinking water without fluoride.\nMoreover, I have got some other water purification methods that do not remove fluoride from drinking water. Now, read the article on how to remove fluoride from water to know how to do it.\nWhy is there Fluoride in My Water?\nSome communities develop naturally occurring fluoride in drinking water systems for the supposed link of low cases of cavity and fluoride. Remember that they’re doing it for their benefit.\nThis thing has gone through a system known as water fluoridation. At first, drinking water passes through government-owned filtration systems before reaching your taps or other sources.\nThere, they make water clean and portable. They also add a controlled amount of fluoride in water before going to the residential areas. In this way, you end up your fluoridated water.\nThis is the only system by which you get fluoride from drinking water. Some companies produce and sell fluoride water in bottles which approaches their filtration systems.\nThe appearance of water doesn’t change at all. This water is also drinkable. You are doing more harm instead of satisfying your thirst.\nWhy is Fluoride Bad?\nNow the question, is fluoride beneficial or harmful to you? For some particular situations, it may be. The condition becomes somewhat realistic if there is fluoridation in drinking water. So what is the utility of fluoride?\nThe only threat you face from fluoridation is ‘fluorosis’. It is a condition where enamel of the teeth changes radically for a huge amount of fluoride inside the body.\nYou find no enamel in your teeth what you get just now. It affects the teeth and helps to grow. So we can say fluoride is a medical condition which affects children.\nIf there is fluorosis on your teeth, the developing teeth become discolored. There is un-removable ‘stain or brown’ and yellow color on teeth. Though you brush your teeth many times, there is still stain. So fluoride is terrible for health. It is an example of fluorosis.\nAlthough you intake fluoride from the toothpaste, the dangers of fluoride may not enter into your bloodstream.\nNow the question, is fluoride toxic if someone takes it through toothpaste? It remains in your teeth though you spit it out. Here is the place where you are supposed to be.\nThough you let it enter your bloodstream, your body will be benefited little. Moreover, you will suffer from the side effect of fluoride. It may seem that consuming pimple cream with phosphate fluoride. This implies that it is for your face not for your stomach.\nLuckily your kidney works more to get rid of fluoride danger catches in your body. But there is a limit to what they can do.\nFortunately, you can be got rid of about half amount that you digest within few days. If you consume more fluoride, there is the possibility of fluorosis. This is the evidence that affects your thyroid gland.\nSide effects of Fluoride in drinking water\nThe exact amount of fluoride is beneficial for dental health. On the other way, an excess amount of fluoride is harmful to teeth. It causes dental fluorosis.\nMore fluoride weakens bones and ligaments. Moreover, it creates a problem for the nervous system.\nThe Fluoridealert.org reports that people having clinical signs of fluorosis may suffer from significant symptoms like overt osteoarthritis and chronic joint pain.\nThere has a suggested amount of fluoride level. A higher level may happen where fluoride is easily detected. Laura Pressley, Ph.D. is an anti-fluoridation advocate.\nHe tells Waterlogic publication that Texas has a higher natural level of calcium fluoride for geology and oil deposits.\nIf there is the high level of fluoride in your country or state water, it will be better removing them from the drinking water. Removing it may be a good thing for the benefit of your health.\nWhy remove fluoride from your water?\nFor a long time, people think fluoride is a toxic substance. Therefore, fluoride is being used as rodenticides or pesticides.\nSo the Food and Drug Administration now found that the toothpaste carries a poison warning and should contact the poison controlling centers if used for brushing.\nThe excessive use of fluoride is the reason for painful bone disease. It also causes discoloration of your teeth which is popularly known as dental fluorosis.\nFor a long time, exposure to fluoride may cause chronic ailments like bone fragility, arthritis, glucose intolerance, dental fluorosis, gastrointestinal distress, and possibly cardiovascular syndrome plus certain kinds of cancer.\nWays to remove fluoride from water\nDistillation can remove anything from the water. By the help of distiller, you may remove fluoride. The distillation system is energy and time-consuming. Distillation makes the water lifeless and empty.\nSo after distillation, you need to add salt or minerals to the water. You need to think about the energetically enhancing distilled water. For more, you can see the chapter 11 and 12 consequently.\nReverse Osmosis is a kind of normal osmotic process. It depends on the semipermeable membrane or on the pressure of water to remove contaminants. The RO has the power to remove 90 to 95 % of contaminants from water.\nThe RO membrane caught the contaminants and flushed away by the flow of the water. The method need 2 to 4 gallons of water to make one gallon of RO water. The efficiency of RO system can be reduced for the lots of contaminants found in the source water.\nRO can remove various kinds of a pollutant from the water. A quality RO system can remove VOCs, hard water minerals, heavy metals, and some other contaminants.\nThe hard contaminants can reduce the lifespan of the RO system. The adding of salt and the reintroduction of the life force is a must to bring RO system back to the normal position.\nFluoride invites activated alumina that contains a big surface area. It has an array of the tunnel-like pores. So alumina is being greatly used to remove fluoride at present.\nIf the setting is very perfect, it can remove up to 98% of fluoride along with arsenic. Challenges are in great number.\nAs the system works with an ion exchange method, the water remains in contact with the media for a long time. The media can hold a lot of fluorides. The flow rate is ¼ gallon/ minute is great for absorbing fluoride.\nThe other problem of activated alumina is that the media is saturated with the fluoride depending on the fluoride in the water and the amount of media to the system. The other problem is that aluminum is released into the treated water.\nThere are lots of claims that the filter can remove fluoride utilizing activated alumina. The demerits are that all the system to function for a short time before being saturated. The other demerit is that it does not slow the flow rate to give time for adsorption.\nHow to remove fluoride from water\nOnly some system works better than they claim. Unless the flow rate is slow or unless you clean the activated alumina, or recharged or replace the activated alumina will not do the desired function.\nThere are many tanks typed fluoride removal systems on the market. They can do a good performance for a long time for backwashing and frequent topping off or the recharging cycle. The systems are applied to remove fluoride from water. Many people think it is fluoride problem.\nThe reason for this is the environment. For backwash, you may use the caustic chemicals. At the time of replacing the tanks, you will see lots of arsenic, mercury, fluoride, lead, and cadmium.\nBone-Char Carbon is being used for centuries to take out naturally happening fluoride from water. It attracts fluoride like the bones attract fluoride to the body.\nThere is a porous matrix to the bone and rich in surface ions. They may be replaced by fluoride or other contaminants that appear with fluoride. The bone char has an unbelievable power to remove contaminants.\nThe BC carbon can remove fluoride up to 90% from water. The efficiency can be accelerated by adding pre-filters.\nThe pre-filters remove contaminants and other metals before exposure to BC carbon. BC works great with little pH, and it cannot do its function with hard water.\nThe medium is being used greatly to incorporate with lots of systems where cartridges are used as media.\nThere are some problems with it. The Bone Char is said to be an organic medium. Medical grade bone char is clean bone char no doubt.\nSimple Steps to Reduce Fluoride Exposure\nYou have already known that excess amount of fluoride is dangerous for health. Therefore it is a must that you reduce exposure to chemicals. It doesn’t mean that you have to cut fluoride in your drinking water.\nUsing non-fluoride toothpaste\nIt is easy to say but difficult to do. Most commercial toothpaste contain fluoride. You can get fluoride-free toothpaste for using at home with little efforts. If you are using commercial toothpaste, don’t allow your children swallow it.\nProcessed foods contain more fluoride. So try to avoid this food as much as you can. Eat natural food more than processed food. At the same time, you should avoid fruit juices, soft drinks, and canned stews/soups. If you consume more processed foods, there is more possibility of eating more fluoride.\nAsking your dentist about fluoride gels\nMany dentists suggest using fluoride gels to care for oral health problems. It also resists cavities. But do you know these gels have higher cavity risk? Try to understand why your dentist is suggesting these gels for treating cavities.\nCutting back on tea\nThis is very difficult to express thought it is a must. Black and green tea contain top levels of fluoride. It means that this is time to consume less beverage. The reason is that tea absorbs chemicals.\nBuying only organic grapes and grape products\nMany vineyards in the USA apply cryolite. It is a pesticide which contains fluoride. It means that all wines, grapes, and grape juices have a higher risk of cryolite containing chemicals. There was no danger of fluoride exposure in organic grape products.\nAvoiding non-stick cookware\nNon-stick pots and frying pans are Teflon coated. Teflon is a coat which contains fluoride. If foods come in contact with Teflon, there is a possibility of chemical leaching into the food.\nFollow this instruction closely. Then you will be able to reduce the possibilities of health problem from fluoride.\nAll things can develop your health. You must think about the effect of at last. The final key is willingness and discipline to offer a change.\nHow To Remove Fluoride From Water Naturally\nThough all of us have the desire to remove fluoride from water along with fancy purification systems, we cannot buy the system. The natural method of removing fluoride is cheap, safe and very effective.\nA very credible discovery has undergone by the researchers of the University of Rajasthan. The researchers covered 75 mg of Holy Basil leaves in 100 ml of water which included above 7.4 parts per million of fluoride.\nSubsequent absorbing the leaves in water for eight hours, they found that the fluoride reduces 1.1 parts per million. The World Health Organization admits that the safe level of fluoride in your drinking water is from 0.5 to 1 parts per million.\nWhat’s the Tulsi Plant?\nTulsi is using for a long time in Ayurveda medicines as thinking the main medicinal plant which has a great healing power. Its stems and leaves both are very useful in preparing the medicine.\nThe plant is most reverent and sacred herbs in India. There are lots of things in tulsi such as acid, oleanolic, carvacrol, ursolic acid, Linalool, romantic acid, eugenol and some other active compounds which have been proven very useful for health. It exhibits antiseptic, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial and aphrodisiac properties.\nThe Tulsi plant has powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The plants also being used as a remedy for coughs, fevers, bronchitis, colds, cures rheumatism, malaria, arthritis, diabetes, relieves spasms and insect repellant.\nFor medical purposes, both dried powder and fresh leaves prepared from the tulsi plant are being used as infusions, herbal teas, and tinctures. Tulsi tea holds a big amount of antioxidant and nutrient substance, takes out toxins out of the body, improves digestion, develops immunity, relieves colds and stress has warming and calming effects. Therefore it is wise not to spend more money for removing fluoride from water.\nHow fluoridation works\nDefinitely, you have learnt on how fluoridation works so far. Fluoride acts by binding with the tooth enamel that is made up of hydroxyapatite, a crystal made of phosphorus, calcium, oxygen, and hydrogen by the view of the American Scientist. By altering the hydroxyl molecule on hydroxylapatite, fluoride aids teeth to be constructed more resistant to the attack of acid bacteria.\nSurely, how fluoride aids are protecting teeth and how much it saves them is not clear well. The result of the thesis is that fluoride works topically at the beginning level when fluoride-rich toothpaste is used for the teeth.\nTooth decay, if keeps untreated, may be the cause of serious health hazard like infections which may spread to the jaw. In the United States, tooth decay has wonderfully declined as fluoridation started, view of the CDC.\nMoreover, tooth decay also turned down in other countries which do not fluoridate, view of the World Health Organization (WHO).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Although much has been written on the history of the requirement of proof of crimes beyond a reasonable doubt, this is the first study to probe the history of its civil counterpart, proof by a preponderance of the evidence. It turns out that the criminal standard did not diverge from a preexisting civil standard, but vice versa. Only in the late eighteenth century, after lawyers and judges began speaking of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, did references to the preponderance standard begin to appear. Moreover, U.S. judges did not start to instruct juries about the preponderance standard until the mid-nineteenth century, and English judges not until after that. The article explores these developments and their causes with the help of published trial transcripts and newspaper reports that have only recently become accessible. The history thus revealed casts a new light on two subjects that have aroused much scholarly attention during the last few years: the fact that European civil law systems do not proclaim differing standards for civil and criminal proceedings; and the questionable policy foundations on which the preponderance standard rests.\nThe Surprising History of the Preponderance Standard of Civil Proof,\n67 Fla. L. Rev.\nAvailable at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr/vol67/iss5/2", "label": "No"}
{"text": "HOLLOW CROWN PARSNIP (Pastinaca sativa) is an American heirloom dating to the 1820s, The thick, tapering white roots are manageable size -- they grow 12\" long x 2\"-3\" thick. Parsnips are one of those home garden treasures - you almost never see them at the green grocers, and when you do they are usually kind of tired and sad looking. These are hollow-crowned, so one interesting use of them is to carve into root-flutes, which will delight any children in your sphere! The flavor is mild and sweet (the seeds even smell sweet), more so if gathered after first frost. Excellent storage type. 110 days. 100 seeds.\nABOUT PARSNIPS: Long-ignored in modern home vegetable gardens, parsnips are one of the most valuable food crops you can grow. Cultivated since antiquity (Roman Emperor Tiberius was so fond of them he imported them from the Rhineland), butwith little attention paid to selection until the 19th Century. Parsnips can be used in soups (Holland), to make beer (Ireland), wine (France) marmalade (Spain) or just enjoyed as a you would any sweet and delicious root vegetable, boiling and eaten with butter; mashed, formed into cakes, dipped in flour and sauteed; thinly sliced in salads or, my favorite, roasted with other roots such as carrots and potatoes. They are also favored by livestock - pigs and horses in particular love them.\nMEDICINAL: Historically, parsnips have been recommended since Pliny's day for a variety of ailments. Culpepper said they were good as a diuretic and for flatulence.\nGROWING TIPS: Easy to grow provided you prepare the soil well, digging deeply and removing any debris or rocks that will interfere with growth. Strong soil is preferred to sandy as the enormous roots do need that support. Seed sown in February will be ready by September, or adjust for your calendar. They can be dug through the winter, and then not completely harvested until you are ready to sow again the following February. Sow 1\" deep, droping 3 seeds together every 8\" with rows 15\" apart. Once seedlings emerge and get two sets of leaves, thin to the strongest of the three and keep hoed until harvest.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "annual basis in many situations, but could be feasible during summer low flows\nFiala and Vasata (1982)\nwhen symptoms of eutrophication are most extreme.\nalso note that maintenance of aerobic conditions in the siltation basin is\nessential to phosphorus removal, presumably because iron and/or calcium\nplexation of phosphorus may be involved and because anaerobic reservoir sedi-\nments may release phosphorus at high rates and thus reduce the efficiency of\nIn deep preimpoundment basins, maintenance of aerobic conditions\nmight require artificial circulation.\nIn some areas, dry dams have been constructed to aid in flood control.\nThese dams may be particularly effective in silt and nutrient control as well,\nsince they receive and store the \"first-flush\" runoff, a portion of the\ngraph that can be heavily loaded with pollutants.\nPrereservoir phosphorus removal\nWahnbach Reservoir (Federal Republic of Germany) was impounded in 1957.\nWithin 10 years, treatment of the water for drinking purposes became very\nexpensive, and organic compounds excreted into the water by algae were forming\nprecursors for the development of trihalomethanes.\nPhosphorus was shown to be\nthe limiting element, and nutrient budget studies showed that more than\n50 percent of it came from diffuse or\nsources on the watershed,\nmaking sufficient diversion nearly impossible. A smaller reservoir\nto serve as a floodwater retention basin and a phosphorus elimi-\nnation plant (PEP) were built at the upper end of the main reservoir.\nAfter detention in the smaller reservoir, water is pumped into the PEP\nand treated with F e\nto precipitate phosphorus, followed by a\nelectrolyte to form large\nThe water is then filtered through layers of\nactivated carbon, hydroanthracite, and quartz sand. The plant can handle up\n, and about 95 to 99 percent of phosphorus-containing compounds\nOutput concentration to the main reservoir averaged 4\nover 2 years.\nAlso, the PEP has high removal (99 percent) of colifonn\nbacteria, chlorophyll, and turbidity, and lesser removal of chemical oxygen\ndemand (77 percent) and dissolved organic carbon (58 percent).\nstate of the reservoir is now nearly oligotrophic.\nDetailed descriptions of\nthe PEP at Wahnbach Reservoir are provided by Bernhardt (1980, 1981).\nhave not been reported.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Evacuation plans are required in the event of an emergency. While threats can be unpredictable, there are steps you can and should take to prepare for and prevent damage from a variety of threats such as natural disasters, burglaries, fire, and more.\nExtreme weather events such as severe flooding, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes have recently highlighted the critical need for better-organized and efficient evacuation plans.\nThreats, however, do not stop there. Burglars, fires, and other threats could endanger your facility, employees, and property. So, what will it take to make buildings and their occupants safer in the event of an emergency? Implementing an organized and effective emergency evacuation plan can help you avoid injury, confusion, and property damage.\nAn emergency evacuation plan can vary in many ways, but it is typically a comprehensive document that identifies threats and clearly lays out procedures for what to do in various emergencies. The plan should be site-specific and should include the following:\nDuring a workplace emergency, an effective emergency plan will facilitate and organize employer and employee actions. Well-thought-out plans and adequate training will result in fewer and less severe injuries, as well as less structural damage to the facility.\nBecause of your facility’s geographic position, several natural disasters and dangers are more likely to occur. To better prepare, learn about the types of catastrophes and other hazards that are more common in your area.\nFloor map schematics that are specific to each floor/area of the facility should be prominently displayed throughout the structure. Exit and assembly point locations, as well as equipment such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits, should be clearly marked.\nExit paths should always be well-lit, large enough to accommodate emergency exits, clean of debris, and safe from extra threats. OSHA is an excellent resource for ensuring that your emergency exits are up to code.\nWhen an evacuation is required, competent, trained persons who can monitor and organize activities are required to ensure a safe and successful evacuation. Employees must understand who the coordinator is and that they have the authority to make decisions in an emergency. The coordinator should be in charge of assessing the situation and deciding what measures to take. They will trigger and monitor emergency protocols, as well as alert and communicate with outside emergency agencies.\nDesignate assembly points within and outside the institution where employees should congregate after being evacuated. They should have enough space to accommodate all personnel pleasantly and safely. Someone must be in charge of doing a headcount once everyone has been evacuated. If somebody is missing, make a note of their names and last known whereabouts and send the information along to authorities.\nAfter you’ve developed the evacuation strategy, you’ll need to thoroughly teach all staff and building inhabitants on it. This strategy should be reviewed at least once a year and offered to new staff as soon as possible.\nMaintain the evacuation strategy and convey it to staff so that they are educated and prepared in the case of an emergency. An evacuation strategy will secure the safety of all facility occupants.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Bringing Up A Child is very challenging, and learning the positive techniques and skills to parent your child properly is critical. The more educated you are about the various child behavioral management methods, the more effective your child-rearing will be.\nYou do not necessarily need to spend a fortune on a nursery gear. You can purchase high quality baby items at department stores.\nClear off a space on the kitchen counter, have your child lay down, and run water from the faucet over the hair and scalp. This technique is beneficial for toddlers who do not like to have their head or be doused with water.\nWhile devoting time to your children is important, you need to have time for yourself, as well. This allows you to retain your individuality along with your identity as a great parent too.\nTransitions can be hard to deal with for any preschooler. Abrupt changes can lead to stress out preschoolers to the point of melt down.\nInfants and toddlers do not be given either diet or regular sodas.\nEvery parent needs to take some time off from their children.\nThis reflective material is also available in Velcro strips that can be easily attached and detached. This material can improve your child’s safety when out on the road at night, especially when it’s early in the morning.\nEach child is different needs and expectations.Successful techniques with one child may have no effect at all on another. This includes rewards as well as to punishments. Even though this is the case, keep track of what methods have worked well for you.\n“Touch gently” is a positive spin on a rule that does not allow hitting.\nA lot of kids show resentment after a divorce. By going slowly and not trying to accelerate a bond, your stepchild and you will slowly learn to get along with each other.\nKids want to appear independent, giving them tasks to perform while you clean around the house can help them gain confidence. Even very small children can take on one small part of a more complicated task, even if it’s only handing you the silverware! When putting the laundry away, keep socks to the side for your child. These simple tasks help your child learn independent living skills and help you at the house.\nMany airports today have them in place. This allows you to pace yourself without rushing your children. Everything that is going on the plane with you from car seats to shoes, including shoes and the kids’ car seats.\nDo not keep junk food in the house if you want to maintain healthy eating habits.Your child has a lower likelihood of asking for junk food if you don’t have any around.Consider these treats only on special occasions, such as Halloween and Christmas.\nPositive reinforcement is often the best option when handling difficult behaviors. You should keep in mind that some children experience emotional issues, and sometimes do not have the tools to express themselves.You can help them by encouraging the proper way to express themselves.\nChildren need to be praised when they exhibit good behavior. If they don’t receive attention for good behavior, acting out will be the next thing they will try. Parents who never acknowledge what their children do well may actually encouraging them to behave poorly.\nYou should have a written list and post them for your children. They must also know there will be consequences when the rules are broken. Having an established set of rules will also simplify and help to de-stress your raising a child much easier.\nHopefully this article has helped you get a better idea of what your role as a parent is about. Even though you probably won’t know every single answer about being a parent, you should have the ability to discover resources that you need to assist you in finding those answers.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I officially debuted on RTB’s weekly webcast, Creation Update, on August 30th, 2005. I discussed the possibility of liquid water on Mars. In particular, radioisotope measurements on a set of Martian meteorites demonstrated that the temperature of the rock out of which the meteorites formed never exceeded 0oC (32sup>oF) over the last four billion years.\nI looked at such evidence as confirmation that Earth was designed as the only planet that ever sustained large liquid water oceans. After all, life depends on liquid water. Thus, if no other planet ever had oceans, no other planet would have ever supported life.\nHad I maintained an apologetic argument that Earth is designed as the only planet that contained liquid water oceans, a number of discoveries over the past couple of years would have challenged my position. At least two different lines of evidence now indicate that Mars sustained large bodies of liquid water on its surface sometime in the past. Furthermore, Jupiter’s moon Europa contains a large sub-surface liquid ocean under its outer ice crust.\nHowever, as I reread various creation passages, I realized that the Bible seems to imply that Earth is not the only planet with water oceans. Consider the first two verses of Genesis:\nIn the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep; and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters. (NASB) [emphasis added]\nBefore any explicit intervention by God in Earth’s formation, the author of Genesis describes it as covered with a liquid water ocean. The rest of Genesis 1 describes some of the miraculous work God performs to transform Earth from a structureless, dark, and empty body into a planet with diverse habitats teeming with life. It is rational to conclude that strictly natural processes can produce planets that contain substantial liquid water. In fact, that may be the starting condition of most Earth-sized planets.\nI am not saying that Earth does not exhibit design. I am simply noting that one of my original ideas of how that design would be displayed was incorrect. Careful reading of Scripture helped me formulate a more accurate picture of how scientists would find Earth designed to support life. For example, further research into the water environment of Mars recently demonstrated that the salt content was far too high to permit life to originate or even exist on Mars. In other words, large liquid water oceans are not sufficient for life. The oceans must exhibit additional fine-tuning. Fuz will discuss this result further in tomorrow’s TNRTB.\nBy carefully studying the words of the Bible and the record of nature, I was able to put away an unnecessary piece of apologetics baggage. Perhaps it is helpful to recall past examples of unneeded arguments that hindered the church’s witness:\n- The Bible says that the sun revolves around the Earth.\n- The Bible says that Earth is at the center of the universe.\n- The Bible says that the characteristics of species never change.\n- The Bible says that the Earth and the universe must be no more than 10,000 years old.\nAn apologist builds a body of evidence to support his position. However, any position is much easier to support if it carries no unnecessary weight.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Having concluded that there are clearly disparities in health status and that there are significant disparities in exposure to environmental hazards, the next step in analyzing the issue of environmental justice is to determine whether there are causal relationships between exposure to these hazards and health outcomes and whether the disparities in health status can be attributed to the disparities in exposure. For many of the identified potential environmental hazards, the lack of published research makes it difficult to draw a strong conclusion that disparate exposures result in disparate health outcomes.\nThe difficulties encountered in this type of research are illustrated in the work of Baden and colleagues (1996), who tried to examine both the interactions of multiple environmental hazards and the possible connections of these hazards to adverse health outcomes. They included in their analysis the siting of several possible environmental hazards in the Chicago metropolitan area: the large areas of waste regulated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (the Superfund law), waste-generating sites regulated by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, older existing waste disposal sites such as landfills, and emissions from highway exhaust. They conducted regression analyses of census-tract data examining the relationships between proximity to waste disposal sites and poor infant health. The research was unable to account for \"causal links between hazardous-waste and ill health effects, … occupational exposure to toxins, parental bioaccumulation of toxins, [or] medically risky behavior such as drinking and use of illegal drugs while pregnant\" (Baden et al., 1996, p. 25). The researchers also noted that \"use of the census tract for analysis may introduce some aggregation bias\" (p. 25). Within these constraints, they concluded that \"there was no relationship between the presence of waste sites and low birth weight for children born in Chicago in 1990. … Neither was there one single type of waste site associated with adverse health outcomes, nor did a combination of all of the waste sites (insignificant in themselves) combine to produce adverse infant health outcomes\" (p. 26). The researchers' final conclusion was, ''Future research must address these issues\" (p. 25). Ecologic studies such as these are subject to a variety of potential biases in addition to the aggregation bias noted by the authors, and are not by themselves adequate for making or excluding causal connections (Greenland and Robins, 1994). In spite of the general lack of published research linking disparate exposures to disparate health outcomes, some well documented links do exist. One such study used field epidemiology methods combined with a prevention intervention trial to document definitively a link between disparate exposure to dimethylformamide and disparate prevalence of toxic liver disease (Friedman-Jiménez and Claudio, 1998; Redlich et al., 1988).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "What are the main uses of sodium citrate\nThe effect of sodium citrate\nSodium citrate is widely used in food, beverage, and spice industries as acidulant, flavoring agent, preservative, preservative, buffer, and chelating agent. It is used as antioxidant, plasticizer and detergent in chemical industry, cosmetic industry and washing industry. It is used as an anticoagulant in the pharmaceutical industry.\nSodium citrate, also known as Trisodium citrate, is an organic compound, a sodium salt, its chemical formula is Na3C6H5O7, the appearance is white to colorless crystals, and it has the taste of soapy water. Soluble in water and glycerol, insoluble in alcohols and other organic solvents. Deliquescence, weathering in hot air.\nIt is used as flavor and stabilizer in the food and beverage industry; in the pharmaceutical industry as an anticoagulant, expectorant and diuretic; in the detergent industry, it can replace sodium tripolyphosphate as a non-toxic detergent. Auxiliary; also used in brewing, injection, photographic drugs and electroplating.\nLemon juice contains a large amount of citric acid. The combination of citric acid and calcium ions forms a soluble complex, which can relieve the effect of calcium ions on blood coagulation, and can prevent and treat hypertension and myocardial infarction. So it can play an anticoagulant effect.\nWhen taking fresh blood clinically, it is necessary to add some sterilized sodium citrate or sodium oxalate to prevent blood coagulation, so sodium citrate and sodium oxalate are called anticoagulants.\nAfter all, sodium citrate is a chemical substance. Many people worry that eating it will be harmful to the human body. In fact, it is not. Sodium citrate is an alkaline substance. Regular consumption can balance the pH value of the human body. , Alkaline is very good for relieving the fatigue of the human body after exercise. Sodium citrate is edible.\nSecond, the precautions of sodium citrate\n1. Edible danger\nCitric acid is an edible acid, which can enhance the normal metabolism in the body, and the appropriate dose is harmless to the human body. Adding citric acid to some foods tastes good and can promote appetite. In China, citric acid is allowed to be used in jams, beverages, cans and candies. Although citric acid has no direct harm to the human body, it can promote the excretion and deposition of calcium in the body. For example, long-term consumption of foods containing citric acid may lead to hypocalcemia and increase the risk of duodenal cancer. Children show unstable nervous system, excitability, and autonomic disorder; adults show tetany, muscle spasm, paresthesia, itching and gastrointestinal symptoms.\nBased on the effect of citric acid on calcium metabolism, people who often eat canned food, beverages, jams, and sour candies, especially children, should pay attention to calcium supplementation, drink more raw milk, fish head, fish bone soup, and eat small shrimp skins, etc. , so as not to lead to insufficient blood calcium and affect health, gastric ulcer, hyperacidity, dental caries and diabetes patients should not eat citric acid regularly. Citric acid cannot be added to pure milk, otherwise it will cause pure milk to coagulate. The dairy industry often mixes citric acid into a solution of about 10% and adds it to a low-concentration milk solution, which should be stirred quickly when adding.\n2. Industrial Hazards\nHealth Hazards: Concentrated citric acid solutions are irritating to mucous membranes. In industrial use, contacts may cause eczema;\nExplosion Hazard: Citric acid is flammable. Powder and air can form explosive mixture, which may cause fire and explosion in case of open flame, high heat or contact with oxidant.\n3. Storage conditions\nCitric acid monohydrate loses crystal water in dry air or when heated to about 40 degrees, slightly deliquescent in humid air, and dilute citric acid aqueous solution can ferment when standing. Therefore, solid monohydrate or anhydrous should be stored in an airtight container and stored in a cool and dry place.\n3. Physical and chemical properties of sodium citrate\n1. Physical properties\nAt room temperature, citric acid is colorless translucent citric acid crystals or white granules or white crystalline powder, odorless, extremely sour in taste, and slightly deliquescent in humid air. It can exist in the form of anhydrous or monohydrate: when citric acid is crystallized from hot water, anhydrous is formed; when crystallized in cold water, a monohydrate is formed. When heated to 78 °C, the monohydrate will decompose to give an anhydrate. Citric acid is also soluble in absolute ethanol at 15 degrees Celsius. The crystal form of citric acid varies with different crystallization conditions. There are anhydrous citric acid C6H8O7 and citric acid 2C6H8O7.H2O, C6H8O7.H2O or C6H8O7.2H2O containing crystal water.\n2. Chemical properties\nStructurally, citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid compound and thus has similar physical and chemical properties to other carboxylic acids. When heated to 175 ℃, it will decompose to produce carbon dioxide and water, leaving some white crystals. Citric acid is a strong organic acid with 3 H+ that can be ionized; it can be decomposed into various products by heating, and react with acids, alkalis, glycerol, etc.\nFourth, the mainsodium citrate uses\n1. For food industry\nBecause citric acid has a mild and refreshing sour taste, it is widely used in the manufacture of various beverages, soft drinks, wine, candy, snacks, biscuits, canned juice, dairy products and other foods. In the market of all organic acids, citric acid has a market share of more than 70%, flavoring agents, and can also be used as antioxidants for edible oils. At the same time, it improves the sensory properties of food, enhances appetite and promotes the digestion and absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Anhydrous citric acid is used in large quantities in solid beverages. Citric acid salts such as calcium citrate and ferric citrate are calcium and iron fortifiers in certain foods. Esters of citric acid, such as triethyl citrate, can be used as non-toxic plasticizers to manufacture plastic films for food packaging, acidulants and preservatives in beverage and food industries.\n2. Used in chemical and textile industries\nCitric acid can be used as a chemical analysis reagent in chemical technology, as an experimental reagent, a chromatographic analysis reagent and a biochemical reagent; as a complexing agent, masking agent; used to prepare buffer solutions. Using citric acid or citrate as a builder can improve the performance of washing products, can quickly precipitate metal ions, prevent pollutants from re-attaching to the fabric, maintain the necessary alkalinity for washing; disperse and suspend dirt and ash; It is an excellent chelating agent to improve the performance of surfactants; it can be used as a reagent for testing the acid resistance of architectural ceramic tiles.\nFormaldehyde pollution of clothing is a very sensitive problem. Citric acid and modified citric acid can be made into a formaldehyde-free anti-wrinkle finishing agent for the anti-wrinkle finishing of pure cotton fabrics. Not only the anti-wrinkle effect is good, but also the cost is low.\n3. For environmental protection\nCitric acid-sodium citrate buffer is used for flue gas desulfurization. China is rich in coal resources, which constitute the main part of energy. However, there has been a lack of effective flue gas desulfurization technology, resulting in serious atmospheric SO2 pollution. Research on effective desulfurization process is a top priority. Citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is a desulfurization absorbent with great development value due to its low vapor pressure, non-toxicity, stable chemical properties, and high absorption rate of SO2.\n4. For livestock production\nAdding citric acid to piglet feed can lead to early weaning, improve feed utilization by 5% to 10%, and increase sow litter size. Adding 1% to 2% citric acid to the diet of growing-finishing pigs can increase daily gain, reduce feed to meat ratio, improve protein digestibility, reduce back fat thickness, and improve meat quality and carcass characteristics. Rare earth citrate is a new type of high-efficiency feed additive, suitable for pigs, chickens, fish, shrimps, cattle, sheep, rabbits, silkworms and other animals. It can promote animal growth, improve product quality, improve disease resistance and survival rate. Improve the feed conversion rate and shorten the feeding cycle.\n5. Used in cosmetics\nCitric acid is a kind of fruit acid. Its main function is to speed up keratin renewal. It is often used in lotions, creams, shampoos, whitening products, anti-aging products, and acne products. The renewal of keratin is helpful for the exfoliation of melanin in the skin, the reduction of pores, and the dissolution of blackheads.\n6. For sterilization\nThe combined action of citric acid and 80°C temperature has a good effect on killing bacterial spores, and can effectively kill bacterial spores polluted in the pipeline of the hemodialysis machine. Lemon, known as the \"King of Western Food\", has a strong bactericidal effect and is good for food hygiene. Coupled with the fragrance of lemon, people have always liked to use it to make cold dishes. It is not only delicious and refreshing, but also increases appetite.\n7. For medicine\nIn the formation of prothrombin activator and the subsequent coagulation process, calcium ions must be involved. Citrate ions and calcium ions can form a soluble complex that is difficult to dissociate, thereby reducing the concentration of calcium ions in the blood and hindering blood coagulation. This product is used as an in vitro anticoagulant during blood transfusion or laboratory blood sample anticoagulation.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A hoist frame is a series of heavy I-beam iron that is used to not only support the hoist, but to allow the hoist to be used throughout a building. Suspended from an A-frame structure, a hoist frame provides the required supporting strength to allow the hoist to lift and carry very heavy loads for great distances through a manufacturing plant. The hoist frame is commonly aided by the placement of smaller beams that run from the midway point of the hoist’s legs up to the bottom edge of the hoist’s cross-frame. This provides strength, support and rigidity to the often wide-spanning beams that create the framework for the hoist. Wheels added to the bottom of the hoist’s legs allow the hoist to be rolled throughout the shop.\nThe device is used for lifting heavy objects. Often these objects are not situated under a beam or structure that is able to support the weight of the object. In this situation, a hoist frame can be used to aid in the safe lifting of the object by placing the frame over the object and attaching a hoist to the frame’s cross beam, and then to the object to be lifted. By using an A-frame-type of support at each end of the hoist frame, the lifting capacity of the frame is often limited only by the capacity of the hoist used.\nAn impromptu lightweight hoist frame can be constructed from wood, using small wooden beams for the legs and a wide plank for the cross beam. While not as strong as a steel hoist frame, the wooden version is often capable of lifting heavy materials into or out of a truck bed. Many frame designs call for the components to be bolted together instead of welded or nailed, which allows the frame to be easily disassembled and stored when not in use. In this scenario, the parts are usually numbered to allow for easy, time-saving reassembly.\nSome large hoist frame designs call for the use of a roller hoist mount to allow the hoist to be moved from one side of the frame to the other. This type of design is an asset when unloading materials since it allows the hoist to be pulled to the side and lowered. This allows for placement of the load beside of the truck or trailer it was unloaded from. The typical hoist frame is very tall to allow the hoist to be raised high above a truck or trailer bed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Earlier this month, the World Bank released its latest development brief on migration and remittances, projecting that remittance flows would continue to grow as the global economy also trudges along in recovery. Remittance flows to the developing world hit an all-time high of about 404 billion USD in 2013 and will likely increase by 7.8% to 436 billion USD in 2014.\nWhere all the remittances went in the developing world\nThe top remittance recipient was India, receiving an estimated total of 70 billion USD. Next was China at 60 billion, and then the Philippines at 25.4 billion. Here’s a look at the top remittance receivers among developing countries:\nWhy the remittances matter\nPeople usually think of remittances as a supplementary tool — something migrants send to their families back home to help them get by. But remittances play a significant macroeconomic role as well. Remittances sums regularly surpass foreign aid, and they represent a more stable form of foreign capital flow than debt and private equity to many developing countries. Anecdotally, we also know that remittances can become a form of philanthropy in some communities as well. Remittance sums also rival total income from entire industries. In India, for instance, remittance were greater than the earnings the country collectively took in from IT services. In Bangladesh, remittances equaled 84% of the country’s garment exports. Remarkably, remittances made up 52% of the total GDP in Tajikistan in 2012 and 31% in the Kyrgyz Republic.\nWith remittances becoming such a pillar of some developing economies, the World Bank has also been pushing for greater recognition of remittances in credit ratings to help stabilize developing countries and help them access other forms of capital flows. Many countries are also now exploring the idea of diaspora bonds, which are exactly what they sound like—bonds marketed by governments to their respective diasporas. African countries have been particularly early adopters of this form of fundraising.\nRemittance data underlie a lot of social and demographic narrative as well. For instance, the slight dip in remittance growth in South Asian countries is reflective of legal disputes with Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, etc.), where many South Asians emigrate to work. Looking more broadly, remittances also reflect the continued inequality of opportunity across multiple regions. The biggest migration push factors now are opportunity-related, rather than politically, religiously, or conflict related.\nBut it’s really not just developing countries that benefit from remittances.\nIncluding remittances received by high-income countries in 2013 brings the total inflow of global remittances up 34% to 542 billion, which means developed countries also received 138 billion in remittances. Germany and France made the top ten in remittances received among all countries. In terms of net gain among high income countries, France received more remittances than it sent out in 2012 with a 9.3 billion gain, followed by Belgium at 5.9 billion and Poland at 5.3 billion.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Industrial Revolution: Family and Social Structure\nRichard Hooker argues that the Industrial Revolution was \"the most far-reaching, influential transformation of human culture since the advent of agriculture\" (Hooker 1). He maintains that the Revolution impacted almost every aspect of nineteenth century society, family, and economic life, including modes of consumption and family and social structure (Hooker 1). This paper explores the ways in which the change to a capitalist, urban economy during the Industrial Revolution, including the impact of the factory system, transformed social and family relations in the nineteenth century.\nBefore the Industrial Revolution, most people depended on agriculture for their livelihood. They most often lived in small villages where they worked in agriculture or in skilled crafts or trades (\"Impact\" 1). The family made up the basic economic unit of this system, with each family member playing a significant role in the success of the family farm or family skilled trade or business (\"Impact\" 1). However, the \"enclosure laws\" of the nineteenth century required that farmers, at their own expense, fence in or forfeit their rights to the land. Many families could not afford to comply with these laws and, as a result, lost their land and their livelihood (\"Impact\" 1). Seeking work, many of these now-unemployed farmers and skilled craftspeople moved with their families to the cities, where work was available in the new factories (\"Impact\" 1).\nThe factory system began to develop during the late eighteenth century when British textile factories invented several machines that mechanized the hand processes used by skilled spinners and weavers (\"Factory System\" 1). Family units could not afford to buy these machines, and they were often too large to be used in a single home (\"Factory System\" 1). The machines were used in factories, therefore, and families were required to move to where the factorie...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Much is known about the attack on Pearl Harbor, but one has to stop every so often and consider how much of it is truth and how much has been twisted over the years. Seventy-five years ago, the naval base on Oahu’s coast fell victim to a surprise attack by the Japanese, launching the United States into a state of panic that can easily cause misinformation to spread. The war that immediately followed only served to exacerbate that panic and frenzy, causing further inaccurate information to spread.\nIt’s this series of events that can easily have led to the following myths taking root and, over the years, becoming engrained among the truth of the Pearl Harbor attack.\nThe Absence of United States Aircraft Carriers Was Intentional\nIt’s true that there were no American aircraft carriers stationed at Pearl Harbor during the attack, but this had nothing to do with the US knowing about the attack ahead of time and protecting its assets. In fact, the two carriers stationed at Pearl Harbor, USS Enterprise and USS Lexington, were heading west. The Enterprise was scheduled to return to Pearl Harbor the night before the attack, but inclement weather impeded her progress.\nThough the carriers were a vital part of the US Navy, and the course of the war likely would have been different without them, the ships’ manifests and orders don’t indicate any irregularities on the part of the US government, especially since it was Mother Nature and not FDR that delayed the Enterprise’s return.\nThere Was No Urgent Message Sent to Pearl Harbor\nHow was it that nobody knew the Japanese were so close to their target before the first bomb fell, especially after a message was intercepted from the Japanese and decoded to reveal diplomatic talks with Washington were to be ceased? The truth of the matter is, a message was sent from D.C. to Pearl Harbor to warn the fleet, but its transmission was delayed and it arrived too late.\nThe atmospheric conditions that morning made it impossible for a direct transmission to be sent to Pearl harbor. Instead, the message was sent via telegraph through Western Union and was not received until after Japan had commenced its attack.\nPearl Harbor Was the Only Target on December 7th\nThough Pearl Harbor is widely thought to be the only planned target on December 7th, Japan actually had other places to go that day. Only ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor had ended, Japan turned its attention to the Philippines and engaged the unprepared region. On the morning of December 8th, Japan launched an aerial assault similar to the one at Pearl Harbor. The Japanese were met with resistance from B-17s, but that didn’t’ stop additional troops being deployed to Legazpi on southern Luzon just four days later.\nThese movements were the start of Japan’s lengthy campaign in the Philippines, which ended on May 8th, 1942, when Japan pushed back American forces and fully occupied the Philippines.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Did you know that in the U.S. we generate an extra 5 million tons of food waste annually between Thanksgiving and New Year’s? That’s a lot of perfectly good food heading to our landfills! With Thanksgiving a couple days away, I’m committed to conserving food and using our leftovers. Here are some simple tips to help you enjoy a waste-free Thanksgiving:\n- Plan ahead: Simply making a list and sticking to it can save you tons of time, money and food waste. Also, do the math and figure out how much food to cook per person. For the turkey, I usually calculate 1.5 lbs per person (this includes room for some leftovers). Here’s a genius tip from Martha Stewart: The smaller the bird (12 lbs or less), the lower the meat-to-bone ratio, so you’ll need more like 2 lbs per person.\n- Store leftovers safely: Properly storing our leftovers will keep them safe for future meals. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends that hot foods be left out for no more than two hours. Store leftovers in smaller, individually sized containers, so it’s more convenient to grab for a quick meal rather than being passed over and eventually wasted.\n- Compost: Instead of throwing out the vegetable peels, eggshells, and other food scraps, consider composting them. Here’s a helpful guide to composting from Wikipedia. There are even systems that allow folks without backyards to compost indoors.\n- Create new meals: Fortunately, Thanksgiving is one of the few days a year when many of us instinctively take steps to prevent food waste. It’s a day when most Americans eagerly save leftovers, and the day after is probably the only time many of us look forward to eating what remains in the fridge. There are a ton of websites out there dedicated to repurposing your Thanksgiving leftovers.\n- Donate excess: Food banks and shelters gladly welcome donations of canned and dried foods, especially during the holiday season and colder months. The charity group Feeding America partners with more than 200 local food banks across the U.S., supplying food to more than 37 million people each year. To find a food bank near you, visit the organization’s Food Bank Locator.\n- Avoid plastic wrap: Most plastic wraps contain PVC, which quickly winds up in landfills and has been linked to harmful environmental consequences. Use aluminum foil, or even better, send family home with glass or ceramic storage containers that they can return to you. Or you can call your guests and ask them to bring their own containers if they’d like leftovers.\nMost importantly, be sure to have a safe and happy Thanksgiving!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "These industries are the biggest water polluters: what are the causes and what can we do?\nIt might seem that water is abundant on our blue planet. However, when it comes to drinking water, the figures are nowhere near as optimistic.\nFresh water, which is vital to life, is just 3% of all the water on Earth and most of it is locked up in glaciers, soil or atmosphere. This means that we only have 0,5% of the earth's fresh water available.\nAs a result, up to two-thirds of the world's population lives in areas experiencing problems with access to drinking water.\nThe Anglo-American poet W. H. Auden once said: “Thousands have lived without love, not one without water.” And even though we all realise that water is essential to our lives, we destroy it anyway.\nGlobally, over 80% of wastewater is released to the environment without adequate treatment, polluting rivers, lakes and oceans.\nIn order to gain an insight into the issue, we have summarised the industries that contribute the most to water pollution\nWhich industries waste the most water?\nAgriculture uses up to 70% of the world's freshwater (20% is used by industry) and is one of its biggest polluters.\nThe most water-intensive crops are wheat, maize, rice, cotton and sugarcane. Some types of nuts are also a problem. Up to 74% of irrigated nuts are grown in water-stressed regions such as India, China and Pakistan.\nThe main sources of water pollution in agriculture are fertilisers and insecticides. They break down under intensive irrigation and are simply washed away into watercourses by rain.\nIf pesticides enter drinking water during the food cycle, they can cause health problems, e.g. they irritate the skin, the eyes, affect the nervous system and even cause cancer.\nThe worst part is that pesticides remain in the soil for many years. They dissolve easily in water, increasing their concentrations.\nHow can we change it? First of all, farmers should not place waste near water sources and they must reduce the amount of pesticides or use only those that have the least impact on water quality.\nCountries should incentivise citizens to buy organic food with the smallest possible environmental footprint.\nNaturally, everyone can contribute in some way. For example, by moderating the consumption of foods with a drastic environmental impact (beef, chicken, asparagus or sugar) or by not wasting food.\nThe fashion industry is one of the biggest polluters of the environment ever. It produces around 92 million tonnes of waste annually, i.e. around 4% of the 2.12 billion tonnes generated by humanity on the planet.\nThis is more than the amount of waste from consumer electronics and twice as much as the food thrown away by supermarkets. Most of the waste comes from the process of cutting and sewing textiles.\nWater is polluted throughout the entire production chain. It starts with the runoff of fertilisers from cotton plantations into nearby lakes and rivers, continues through the dyeing of clothes with toxic chemicals and ends with the use of the product when washing releases fibres and dyes into the wastewater.\nIn addition, the fashion industry has a huge water footprint, consuming around 79 billion cubic metres of water per year, which would be enough to fill 32 million Olympic swimming pools.\nWhen you break it down, it takes approximately 7,000 litres of water to produce one pair of jeans. The same amount a person drinks in five to six years. It takes 2,700 litres of water to make a T-shirt, enough to keep a person thirsty for almost three years.\nHow can we change that? Consumers need to focus on producers with sustainable production.\nIn addition, it is important that people gradually change their consumption habits. Ideally, buy more clothes made from recycled materials, repair clothes instead of throwing them out, and do not buy new things if you do not really need them.\nApproximately 52 billion cubic metres of fresh water is consumed annually for global energy production.\nThis considerable amount of water comes mainly from the cooling process in thermal and nuclear power plants.\nFossil fuels and waste from nuclear power plants pose a serious threat to groundwater and surface water.\nAlso, a large share of the water is also used to grow bioenergy crops such as sugar cane and rapeseed. These are then turned into ethanol or biodiesel and used as biofuels.\nThis is another reason to accelerate the transition to renewable energy sources like wind and solar.\nConstruction and mining industry\nThe construction industry is not often on the environmentalists' radar but although it is often overlooked, 40% of freshwater pollution can be attributed to buildings.\nEvery single building has an impact on the environment from the materials we choose, to the technologies we use, and the sites we build.\nFor example, it takes more than 5,100 litres of water just to produce a single tonne of cement, and a staggering 235,000 litres to produce a tonne of steel. 20 litres is required to produce a single board of lumber.\nObviously, it is neither realistic nor desirable to stop all construction or economic activity, but we can try to balance our impact on the environment by taking well-thought measures, e.g. by the construction of green buildings, sophisticated water management or efficient wastewater treatment using the latest technologies.\nContact our Hydrotech experts and we will be happy to help you with the construction of a new or renovation of an existing wastewater treatment plant.\nCouple months have passed since Rajo, a.s. dairy waste water treatment plant start-up. We are glad that the required effluent limits are met and the...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "“Exercise is the best medicine and should be prescribed to every cancer patient.”\nAccording to an analysis of 71 existing studies, cancer patients can drop their risk of death and increase their odds of survival with exercise.\nPeople who get at least two and half hours of moderate activity like brisk walking, per week, are 13 percent less likely to die from cancer than those with the lowest activity levels. (That’s about 21 minutes per day of brisk walking)\nResearchers looked at data in terms of MET-hours, which measures the energy expended in given activities and time spent doing them. Resting represents 1 MET, while a 4-MET activity like brisk walking uses four times as much energy. Doing a 4-MET activity for 30 minutes equals 2 MET-hours.\nCancer survivors who completed at least 15 MET hours per week of physical activity were 27 percent less likely to die from cancer. That’s about 35 minutes per day of moderate intensity aerobic exercise.\n“Exercise may change the body’s response to cancer, and those who exercise more may live healthier lifestyles in other ways as well,” Liu said.\n“But many of the high-quality studies included in this analysis accounted for other healthy-lifestyle factors that may have played a role,” Liu noted. (Like quitting drinking and smoking and eating tons of fruits and vegetables)\nLeisure time physical activity or recreational physical activity, but not occupational activity, is protective against cancer according to most research, Liu said.\n“Based on huge evidence of the inverse association between physical activity and cancer mortality, there is no doubt that cancer patients should be physically active,” Liu said.\nAccording new guidelines issued in 2018 from The Clinical Oncology Society of Australia (COCA), exercise should be prescribed to all cancer patients alongside surgery, chemotherapy or radiation – and not to do so could be harmful.\n‘Really we are at the stage where the science is telling us that withholding exercise from cancer patients can be harmful,’ lead author Professor Prue Cormie says.\n‘Exercise is the best medicine someone with cancer can take in addition to their standard cancer treatments. That’s because we know now that people who exercise regularly experience fewer and less severe treatment side-effects; cancer-related fatigue, mental distress, quality of life.’\nThey also have a lower risk of their cancer coming back or dying from the disease, she says.\nReports indicate that approximately 60-70% of cancer patients do not meet aerobic exercise guidelines and it is estimated that approximately 80-90% do not meet resistance exercise guidelines.\nAccording to the COCA official statement, all people with cancer should progress towards and, once achieved, maintain participation in:\n-at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (e.g. walking, jogging, cycling, swimming) each week; and\n-two to three resistance exercise (i.e. lifting weights) sessions each week involving moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercises targeting the major muscle groups.\nRebound, walk, run, bike, climb, surf, ski, lift weights, do yoga, karate, pilates, jazzercise… just find a way to move your body 30-60 minutes every day!\nRebound exercise was an integral part of my daily anti-cancer exercise routine. It’s the best exercise for your immune system. More about rebounding here.\nI've interviewed over 60 people who've healed all types and stages of cancer. Check them out here. Or use the search bar to find survivors of specific cancer types.\nI also created a coaching program for cancer patients, caregivers and anyone who is serious about prevention called SQUARE ONE. It contains the step-by-step strategies used by myself and everyone I know who has healed cancer with nutrition and natural, non-toxic therapies.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The majority of faults on a power system occur between one phase and ground or two phases and ground. These are known as shunt faults and arise from lightning discharges and other over voltages which initiate flashovers. Alternatively, they may arise from other causes such as birds on overhead lines or mechanical damage to cables etc. Such faults result in an appreciable increase in current and hence in the majority of applications are easily detectable. In Broken Conductor Protection, it is assumed that broken conductor do not touch the ground that is why, it is also known as the Open Jumper Protection.\nIt is possible to apply a negative phase sequence overcurrent relay to detect the above condition. However, on a lightly loaded line, the negative sequence current resulting from a series fault condition may be very close to, or less than, the full load steady state unbalance arising from CT errors, load unbalance etc. A negative sequence element therefore would not operate at low load levels.\nThe Broken Conductor Protection relay incorporates an element which measures the ratio of negative to positive phase sequence current (I2/I1). This will be affected to a lesser extent than the measurement of negative sequence current alone, since the ratio is approximately constant with variations in load current. Hence, a more sensitive setting may be achieved.\nIn the case of a single point earthed power system, there will be little zero sequence current flow and the ratio of I2/I1 that flows in the protected circuit will approach 100%. In the case of a multiple earthed power system (assuming equal impedances in each sequence network), the ratio I2/I1will be 50%.\nIt is possible to calculate the ratio of I2/I1 that will occur for varying system impedances, by referring to the following equations below.\nI1F = Eg(Z1+ Z0) / (Z1Z2+Z0Z1+Z2Z0)\nI2F = -EgZ0/ (Z1Z2+Z0Z1+Z2Z0)\nEg = System Voltage\nZ0 = Zero sequence impedance\nZ1 = Positive sequence impedance\nZ2 = Negative sequence impedance\nI1F / I2F= Z0 / (Z0+Z2)\nTherefore, for an open circuit in a particular part of the system, I2/I1 can be determined from the ratio of zero sequence to negative sequence impedance. It must be noted that this ratio may vary depending upon the fault location. It is desirable therefore to apply as sensitive a setting as possible. In practice, this minimum setting is governed by the levels of standing negative phase sequence current present on the system. A minimum value of 8% negative phase sequence current is required for successful Broken Conductor relay operation.\nSince sensitive settings have been employed, it can be expected that the element will operate for any unbalance condition occurring on the system for example, during a single pole autoreclose cycle. Hence, a long time-delay is necessary to ensure co-ordination with other protective devices. Normally 5 second time-delay is provided for Broken Conductor Protection.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Programming and Programming Languages\nProgramming and Programming Languages is a comprehensive guide written by Shriram Krishnamurthi that explores the fascinating world of programming and programming languages. With a wealth of knowledge and experience, Krishnamurthi delves into the intricacies of this essential field, providing both beginner and experienced programmers with valuable insights.\nIn this book, Krishnamurthi takes readers on a journey through the foundations of programming, offering a solid introduction to the fundamental concepts. He covers topics such as variables, control flow, data structures, and algorithms, empowering readers to grasp the building blocks of programming with clarity and confidence.\nOne of the key strengths of this book lies in its exploration of various programming languages. Krishnamurthi goes beyond the basics, delving into the details of popular programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, and more. By examining the unique features and paradigms of each language, readers gain a deeper understanding of their strengths, weaknesses, and best use cases.\nThroughout the book, Krishnamurthi emphasizes the importance of writing clean, maintainable code. He provides practical tips and best practices to help readers develop good programming habits from the start. By focusing on readability, modularity, and reusability, programmers can create software that is not only efficient but also easier to understand and maintain over time.\nMoreover, This book tackles advanced topics such as concurrency, error handling, and software testing. Krishnamurthi equips readers with the knowledge to write robust and reliable programs, ensuring that their code can handle real-world challenges.\nThis book serves as an invaluable resource for self-learners, students, and professionals seeking to enhance their programming skills. Whether you are a beginner taking your first steps into the world of coding or an experienced programmer looking to expand your language repertoire, This book offers practical guidance and insightful examples to accelerate your learning.\nTo delve into the fascinating world of this book, visit here to get your copy of Programming and Programming Languages by Shriram Krishnamurthi.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "As chemical use in every industry has become an increasing public concern, many governing bodies have implemented measures to enforce regulations and provide public access to relevant information. This is also true in the oil and natural gas industry, which is primarily regulated at the state level.\nPrior to 2011, there was no comprehensive database of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing of wells. This was the catalyst for the creation of FracFocus.org, a national database providing public access to information regarding hydraulic fracturing chemicals.\nToday, what began as a voluntary reporting site with 37 participating companies now receives reports from more than 1,600 companies reporting chemicals for more than 189,000 hydraulic fracturing operations nationwide. Because of the system’s success from both operator and consumer perspectives, 27 states now either require or allow companies to officially disclose chemical data via FracFocus. However, the site receives disclosures from companies with operations in three additional states as well.\n(updated, March 2022)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Keeper of Old Glory\nNASHVILLE- 593 miles – In the City Cemetery of Nashville, Tennessee, is an unusual gravestone. Here, 650 miles from the nearest ocean, is the grave of Captain William Driver, the American skipper who named his ship’s flag “Old Glory” and carried it to Nashville with him when he retired from sailing. After hiding the flag during secession, Driver brought it out to fly from the state capitol’s flagstaff when Federal troops captured Nashville in 1862. The flag was preserved by his daughter and is now on display at the Smithsonian Institute; it’s considered second only to the Fort McHenry flag (the inspiration for “The Star Spangled Banner”) among significant historic American flags.\nI especially liked a small inscription on one side of the monument — which was designed by Captain Driver himself — that reads: “‘Trust in the Lord and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed’ — Ps 37:3. I have never wanted since.” What a pity that modern grave markers leave so little room for personal testimony!\nWe stopped for a short time in Nashville to visit not Captain Driver but Captain Godshall, Melanie’s great-great-great-grandfather. Samuel C. Godshall was born in Philadelphia and at the age of 18, moved to Nashville to seek his fortune in business. He had an interesting life, establishing a great reputation as a young businessman, joining the Army as one of the original “Tennessee Volunteers” who served in the Mexican American War, and commanding a company of soldiers from the Nashville area during the War Between the States (his brother back in Philadelphia served in the Pennsylvania militia during the conflict; this was one of the divided families you read about). Capt. Godshall returned to Nashville after the war and died in a local epidemic a few years later, well respected by the community. Interesting enough, though, Capt. Godshall only received a gravestone a few years ago, through a descendant’s intervention—for over a century, his unmarked grave was only known by its location between his wife and children!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Microsoft Word - THEATRE 322\nIdeology, Race, Eurocentricism, questions for Review below. DUE: Monday, Aug. 31, Midnight. Must be 3-4 paragraphs in length per question.\n1. Summarize the film Pervert's Guide to Ideology and give an example of how ideology works in contemporary society.\n2. From Shohat's intro chapter in Unthinking Eurocentrism, use the five \"operations\" to talk about theatre/performance from your point of view. In other words, how does theatre uphold Eurocentric ideology? How might you change this?\n3. Saidiya Hartman talks about the \"terrible spectacle\" of the tortured Black body as a performative part of dominant ideology. Use her theory to look at the recent media culture of Black people killed by police officers.* How does this reflect or not reflect her theory of the \"terrible spectacle,\" what are you thoughts?\nAttached file is your... View the full answer", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Peripheral Artery Disease (P.A.D.), commonly known as \"poor circulation\" refers to the obstruction of arteries in the leg. Plaque - the build up of cholesterol and other substances in arterial walls causes the arteries to narrow and prevents oxygenated blood from reaching the legs and feet.\nPatients with P.A.D. should be aware of a possibly more widespread build-up of plaque in the arterial walls that may affect the brain and cause a stroke, or affect the heart and cause a heart attack.\nPatients often do not experience symptoms in the early stages of P.A.D. Symptoms are usually noticed in later stages when the arteries are severely blocked.\nP.A.D. symptoms commonly include:\nIt is very important to be evaluated by Dr. Radovic if any of these symptoms are present. Neglecting to treat P.A.D. may result in debilitating and limb-threatening outcomes.\nSince only half of people with P.A.D. notice symptoms, knowing the risk factors and being screened or examined for P.A.D. is crucial.\nRisk factors include:\nDr. Radovic obtains a full medical history of the patient when diagnosing P.A.D. A physical examination of the lower extremity includes evaluating the pulses, skin condition and foot deformities to reveal the patient's risk for P.A.D. Dr. Radovic may order additional tests if any risk factors are present.\nThere are a number of non-invasive examinations available to evaluate P.A.D. For example, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a minor test that measures and compares blood pressure at the arm and ankle levels. An ABI outside of normal limits is a valid indicator of P.A.D. that may lead Dr. Radovic to refer the person to a vascular specialist for additional assessment and treatment if necessary.\nP.A.D. is generally treated with lifestyle changes, medication and in select instances, surgery.\nLifestyle changes include quitting smoking, exercising regularly and eating a healthy diet low in saturated fat.\nMedications may be presribed for improving blood flow, preventing blood clots, or controlling blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose levels.\nSurgery is necessary for some patients to improve blood flow. Procedures include open bypass surgery and small incision (endovascular) procedures of the leg.\nCommonly observed foot deformities such as hammertoes, bunions and bony prominences, or dermatologic conditions including ingrown or thickened fungal nails should be taken much more seriously in patients with P.A.D. Since blood flow is restricted in people with P.A.D. and blood is a necessary component of healing, usually minor problems including cuts, blisters or sores can lead to severe complications.\nPatients with a combination of diabetes and P.A.D. face an increased risk of foot complications. Neuropathy - damage to the nerves that may cause foot numbness - is often found in patients with diabetes who do not feel pain that usually accompanies foot conditions. The combination of neuropathy and P.A.D. can lead to ulcers developing over foot deformities that may never heal. Consequently, P.A.D. and diabetes often necessitate foot or leg amputations in the United States.\nP.A.D. can be corrected or improved once it is diagnosed. Dr. Radovic can correct the underlying foot condition to avoid future complications if circulation becomes severely restricted again.\nHaving regular foot examinations and promptly seeking medical attention when changes are noticed can prevent minor problems from worsening. P.A.D. needs to be monitored regularly.\nPeople with P.A.D. should take the following precautions to prevent complications.\nCall Dr. Radovic right away if you notice any of the problems above. You should not attempt to treat cuts, sores or infections yourself.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "A crane girder is a preformed metal beam on which the crab or hoist head of a traveling overhead crane runs. Such girders are typically “I” profile beams that may be reinforced at various points depending on the loads and crane configuration involved. They may feature several crane girder layouts such as single girder, double girder, or bridge girder designs. The configuration depends largely on the headroom in the building and the loads the crane is designed to lift. A crane girder is subjected to a variety of often severe stresses during lifting operations and special attention should be paid to rating, reinforcement, and periodic inspection and maintenance.\nCrane girders are generally heavy I-beam steel members which provide a stable track for on which overhead cranes travel. Depending on the type of installation, overhead cranes typically have between one and three crane girders. The crab or traveling head of the crane is fitted with a set of rollers which either run on the top or on the bottom cross member of the I beam. In single girder installations, only a crab girder is used. In double girder or bridge cranes, the crab girder is fitted with carriages at either end and moves up and down the loading space on two additional crane girders.\nSingle crane girder installations are useful in applications where no transverse movement is needed. Also known as monorail cranes, these machines can travel the length of the girder and lift or lower loads only. This type of crane is useful in narrow spaces where load movement is restricted to the length of the space. These cranes generally run on the bottom of the girder which is typically supported at several points along its top cross member. One disadvantage is reduced hook height because the crab and hook is usually located under the crane girder.\nBridge and double girder cranes are far more flexible and allow 3-dimensional hook movement. In these installations, the crab can move across the crane girder to cover the breadth of the space. In addition, the crane girder assembly can move along the length of the space covering a far wider area than a monorail. This type of crane has the additional benefit of having the crab girder run on top of the side support beams or be raised to run between them. This allows for extended hook heights and improved flexibility.\nCrane girders, particularly the crab girder, are constantly subjected to a number of stress loads during operation. These include vertical stress exerted by the load, lateral stress caused by acceleration and braking of the crab, and transverse stresses caused by swinging of the load. Crane girders are often reinforced with flat plates or channels along their mounting cross sections to resist these stresses. To ensure the safety of operating personal and the loads the crane transports, crane girders need to be correctly rated and regularly inspected for signs of damage.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Education Quarterly Reviews\nPublished: 30 April 2021\nComputer Assisted Education’s Effects of Learning the Eighth Grade Math Subjects with Geometer’s Sketchpad on Students’ Performance Grades and Academical Achievements and Students’ Opinions: A Mixed Method Study\nFirat Hayyam Sabuncu, Jale Ipek\nMinistry of National Education (Turkey), Ege University (Turkey)\nDownload Full-Text Pdf\nKeywords: Computer Assisted Instruction, Dynamic Geometry, Geometry Teaching, Student Achievement, Mixed Research Method\nIn this study, it was aimed to show the effect of computer assisted learning on the academic achievement, performance levels and computer attitudes of 8th grade students in \"Transformation Geometry\" subject and determine students' opinions about this learning environment. The study was conducted with embedded design, one of the mixed method designs. As a result of the analysis, no statistically significant difference was found between the academic achievement of control and experimental groups. Experimental group students stated that the Geometer’s Sketchpad (GSP) software was useful, they expressed that they learnt the subjects better and easier, learning by applying increased their self-confidence and sense of curiosity. It was determined that students were able to establish relationships between the concepts they learnt about real life and the subject of transformation geometry and realized that they could experience mathematical concepts in many areas in daily life.\nAkekin Baskaya, A. (2014). Ilkogretimde gorev yapan brans ogretmenlerinin bilgisayar destekli egitime iliskin tutumlarinin incelenmesi. Unpublished master's thesis, Marmara University, Istanbul.\nBecker, K. (2010). The clark-kozma debate in the 21st century. In Proceedings: CNIE conference 2010, “heritage matters: Inspiring tomorrow”.\nBintas, J., & Akilli, B. (2008). Bilgisayar destekli geometri (1st ed.). Ankara: Ogreti Yayincilik.\nCetin, O. (2018). Ortaokul 7. sinif ogrencilerinin dinamik geometri yazilimi geogebra ile donusum geometrisi ogrenim sureclerinin incelenmesi. Unpublished master's thesis, Mersin University, Mersin.\nCeylan, B. (2008). Ogrenme nesnelerinin tasarimi ve ögrenme sureclerinde kullaniminin ogrencilerin basari duzeylerine etkisi ile ögrenme sureclerine katkilari. Unpublished master's thesis, Ege University, Izmir.\nClark, R. E. (1994). Media will never influence learning. Educational Technology Research & Development, 42(2), 21-29.\nCreswell, J. W. (2016). Arastirma deseni: nitel, nicel ve karma yontem yaklasimlari. In S.B Demir (Eds.). Ankara: Egiten Kitap Yayinlari.\nCreswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.\nHannafin, R. D., Truxaw, M.P., Vermillion, J.R., & Liu, Y. (2008). Effects of spatial ability and instructional program on geometry achievement. The Journal of Educational Research, 101(3): 148-157. doi:10.3200/JOER.101.3.148-157\nHyewon, C., & Reys, B. J. (2013). If only clairaut had dynamic geometric tools. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 19(5): 280-287.\nKirschner, P. A., & van Merriënboer, J. J. G. (2013). Do learners really know best? Urban legends in education. Educational Psychologist, 48(3), 169-183.\nKozma, R. B. (1994). Will media influence learning? Reframing the debate. Educational Technology Research & Development, 42(2), 7-19.\nMann, D. (1999). Documenting the effects of instructional technology: a fly-over of policy questions. In Proceedings: The Secretary’s Conference on Educational Technology.\nPatton, M. Q. (2014). Nitel arastirma ve degerlendirme yontemleri (1st ed.). In M. Butun & S. B. Demir (Eds.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayinlari.\nPesen, C. (2005). Yapilandirmaci yaklasima gore yeni ilkogretim matematik programinin degerlendirilmesi, egitimde yansimalar: VIII. Yeni Ilkogretim Programlarini Degerlendirme Sempozyumu, Erciyes Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi, Bildiriler Kitabi, 273–281.\nPlano Clark, V. L., & Creswell, J. W. (2015). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.\nSenemoglu, N. (2007). Gelisim ogrenme ve ogretim: Kuramdan uygulamaya. Ankara: Gonul Yayincilik.\nSinclair, N., & Moss, J. (2012). The more it changes, the more it becomes the same: The development of the routine of shape identification in dynamic geometry environment. International Journal of Educational Research, 51-52 (2012): 28-44. doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2011.12.009\nTamim, R. M., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. F. (2011). What forty years of research says about the impact of technology on learning: A second-order meta-analysis and validation study. Review of Educational Research, 81(1), 4–28.\nTashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed methodology: Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches (1st ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.\nThangamani, U., & Eu, L. K. (2019).Students’ achievement in symmetry of two dimensional shapes using geometer’s sketchpad. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(1): 14-22.\nTuzer Unsal, G. (2018). Matematik dersinde geogebra programi kullaniminin 10. sinif ogrencilerinin akademik basarilarina, matematik kaygisina ve ogretim teknolojilerine yonelik tutumlarina etkilerinin incelenmesi. Unpublished master's thesis, Mersin University, Mersin.\nVan De Walle, J. A. (2013). Elementary and middle school mathematics: Teaching developmentally (8th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.\nYuksel, E. (2010). Ilkogretim II. kademe ogrencilerinin bilgisayar tutumlari ve ogrenme stilleri arasındaki iliskinin belirlenmesi. Unpublished master's thesis, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul.\nYurdakul, B. (2004). Yapilandirmaci ogrenme yaklasiminin ogrenenlerin problem cozme becerilerine, bilisotesi farkindalik ve derse yonelik tutum duzeylerine etkisi ile ogrenme surecine katkilari. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe University, Ankara.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Operators prepare drums of contact-handled transuranic waste for loading into transportation containers\nA transuranic waste shipment travels on an approved shipping route to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant\nTransuranic, or TRU, waste began accumulating in the 1940s with the beginning of the nation's nuclear defense program. As early as the 1950s, the National Academy of Sciences recommended deep disposal of long-lived TRU radioactive wastes in geologically stable formations, such as deep salt beds. Sound environmental practices and strict regulations require such wastes to be isolated to protect human health and the environment.\nBedded salt is free of fresh flowing water, easily mined, impermeable and geologically stable – an ideal medium for permanently isolating long-lived radioactive wastes from the environment. However, its most important quality in this application is the way salt rock seals all fractures and naturally closes all openings.\nThroughout the 1960s, government scientists searched for an appropriate site for radioactive waste disposal, eventually testing a remote desert area of southeastern New Mexico where, 250 million years earlier, evaporation cycles of the ancient Permian Sea had created a 2,000-foot-thick salt bed.\nIn 1979, Congress authorized the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The WIPP facility, located 26 miles southeast of Carlsbad, N.M., was constructed during the 1980s. Congress limited WIPP to the disposal of defense-generated TRU wastes. In 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certified WIPP for safe, long-term disposal of TRU wastes.\nThe Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is located in the Chihuahauan Desert of southeastern New Mexico, approximately 26 miles east of Carlsbad, NM. WIPP occupies approximately 28 square kilometers (16 square miles). The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant’s history is relatively short, as it became operational in 1999. The facility is used to store transuranic (TRU) waste left over from nuclear weapons research and testing operations from our past defense activities. Project facilities include disposal rooms mined 2,150 feet underground in a 2,000 square foot thick salt formation.\nGenerally, TRU waste consists of clothing, tools, rags, residues, debris, soil and other items contaminated with radioactive elements, mostly plutonium. These man-made elements have atomic numbers greater than uranium, thus trans-uranic, or beyond uranium on the Periodic table of Elements. There are two categories of TRU waste. Contact-handled (CH) TRU waste can be safely handled by workers under controlled conditions without any shielding other than the containers itself. CH TRU waste will make-up approximately 96 percent of the total volume of waste to be disposed at WIPP. The remaining four percent will be remote-handled TRU waste, which emits more penetrating radiation than CH TRU waste and must be handled and transported in lead-shielded casks.\nPrime regulators at WIPP are the EPA and the New Mexico Environment Department. A number of other agencies, committees and panels monitor WIPP's progress and contribute to project success.\nThe DOE Carlsbad Field Office, which leads the nations TRU waste disposal effort, has coordinated TRU waste cleanup at a number of generator sites around the country. Since 1999, WIPP has set the standard for safe, permanent disposal of long-lived radioactive defense wastes.\nRecovery Act Projects at Carlsbad focus the supplemental appropriations for job preservation and creation to accelerate the disposition of defense-generated TRU waste across the nation. Specifically the project entitled “TRU Waste Accelerated Disposition” involves the accelerated TRU waste characterization, certification and transportation for disposition of defense-generated TRU waste from the targeted generator and interim storage sites above and beyond the currently-approved baseline project using Recovery Act funds.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Agriculture is one of the biggest water consumers. Here are 5 ways to save as much as possible\nMore than 70% of the world's water consumption goes to growing plants and raising animals. How can we reduce this volume? Keep reading to find some effective solutions.\nThe quantity of water consumed is in itself frightening. Add to this the ever-rising demands of agriculture on clean water supplies and the increasingly frequent droughts, and it must be clear that this situation is not sustainable.\nMoreover, the problem is not just the total water consumption in the fields and stables. Agriculture also significantly pollutes water.\nCan this situation ever be reversed? The answer is yes, with a number of small or large-scale solutions. Some of them can be found in this article.\nTo save as much water as possible on irrigation, people need to start using water more efficiently. What do we mean by that? For example, instead of watering fields and flowerbeds in the field, switch to what is known as drip irrigation.\nThis is the principle where water from the irrigation system is led directly to the roots of the plants. The plant effectively absorbs the water and there is no time or space for the water to evaporate from the soil surface.\nThe biggest losses are caused by evaporation of water that the plants cannot use. With drip irrigation, the efficiency increases to 80%.\nYou might say that we have been using such irrigation in our latitudes for a long time. Indeed, farmers in developed countries irrigate directly to the roots to a large extent. However, this cannot be said of poorer regions.\nPreparing fields for this type of irrigation is costly, as kilometres of water pipes with regular holes have to be laid underground to give the plants the water they need.\nMauritania is a shining exception and proof that drip irrigation can produce higher yields with less water used.\nAfter the introduction of drip irrigation, Mauritania is able to grow crops all year round, not just during the rainy season. Retrieved from: irrinews.com\nA country struggling with low crop production due to poor rainfall and excessive evaporation of water from poorly fertile soils enjoys a bumper harvest for most of the year after the introduction of more efficient irrigation, even with the same volume of water they used in the \"old days\".\nEven drip irrigation can be more efficient when farmers only release water when it is really necessary. How to find the right time, however, will be discussed later.\nBuilding reservoirs in dry areas\nDrought and inhospitable conditions for growing crops have long since become uncharacteristic of areas of Africa. It is all the more important to focus on making better use of the water provided by nature in the form of rainfall.\nRainwater harvesting tanks are the solution. There are several types, ranging from simple containers, into which rainwater is channelled through ordinary pipes, to huge dams. These serve not only as water storage but also as flood protection during the rainy season.\nOf course, not just anyone can afford to build a dam, but any farmer can build a rainwater tank in his or her field, even in underdeveloped countries.\nBy watering the water collected, the farmer saves the underground water located far away.\nCarrying water by hand is also becoming a thing of the past thanks to solar-powered water pumps.\nIn recent years, these have helped supply water from rain-fed reservoirs, particularly in India, where farmers are using nearly two million solar pumps that they have built with the help of government subsidies.\nWhile drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting are still being adopted by many countries, smart technologies are increasingly helping farmers in developed countries to save water.\nOne technology is smart sensors. Instead of regular irrigation, which is often unnecessary due to sufficient moisture, smart sensors determine exactly when to automatically start irrigation.\nHowever, today's technology does not stop at simply monitoring soil moisture. Australian farmers are using drones to assess whether crops are healthy and sufficiently nourished.\nFrom a height of about 20 metres, they take pictures of each piece of the field and, based on the photos, the system processes and evaluates whether the harvest is fine or what has to be done.\nThis is how Australia, one of the world's hottest and driest continents, manages to grow huge quantities of wheat, which is known for its high water and soil requirements.\nThe name of this type of plant cultivation may sound familiar. It is made up of two words, aquaculture and hydroponics. And their combination also works in reality.\nThe principle of aquaponics is based on the harmonious coexistence of fish and plants grown only in water, i.e. hydroponically.\nFish living in aquaponic tanks secrete fertiliser into the water for the plants, which extract the nutrients they need from it. In this way, they in turn purify the water for the fish and are able to coexist and thrive.\nAquaponics is not only one of the highlights of sustainable fish farming and crop production, but it also saves space compared to conventional ponds. Aquaponic farms are about 20 times smaller.\nAnd what about water consumption? The plants live right in the water, so the need for irrigation drops out of the growing cycle completely. This results in water savings of up to 90%.\nIn addition, the closed system of water-based cultivation and fish farming does not only work on large farms, but also at home. As a result, people can grow fresh vegetables even in small apartments in the middle of the city.\nUsing recycled wastewater\nAlthough the future is promising thanks to the simple principle of aquaponics, it cannot yet meet the world's agricultural needs.\nIn the meantime, other ways must be found to save as much water as possible on plant cultivation and animal husbandry. And one of the best ways is to use wastewater.\nSure, it must first undergo a first-class cleaning process to remove dangerous and harmful substances, a process which Hydrotech can cover.\nJust like aquaponics or rainwater harvesting, the use of wastewater creates a cycle that can save more than 50% of your drinking water supply annually.\nThe fact that recycled wastewater for agricultural needs is the solution of today is proved by Israel. Not only can Israel treat up to 90% of all wastewater, but the country also returns it back to nature.\nAnd since Israel uses most of the treated water for agriculture, they are able to raise animals and grow plants even in harsh desert conditions.\nIf you're thinking of using wastewater treatment, check out our solutions suitable not only for farmers, but also for industries or municipal sewage systems.\nRead important information about the consequences of overloading of WWTP's and possible solutions to these situations.\nAt present, 322 million tonnes more plastics are produced than in 1950. Even the tenth of this will end up as waste in the sea.\nOil booms, skimmers or sorbents. In this article we will discuss the most used methods to clean up oil spills at sea.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Click here to view an interactive map of the Northern Ireland dataset as currently collated by CEDaR.\nThe map is generated through the NBN Gateway using their Interactive Mapping Tool.\nThis upland species of mineralised rocks has the outward appearance of cracked lizard skin. The thallus is a rich, glossy yellow to dark brown colour. The areoles or facets of the thallus are like miniature plates separated by a maze of deep cracks like a broken car windscreen. The small, largely deformed discs are flat and at first immersed, when they can sometimes seem to be aspicilioid. All reactions are negative. Similar species include very brown forms of Lecidea fuscoatra (cortex C+ red) and the Scottish mountain lichen Lecidea paupercula (which can be K+ yellow and Pd+ orange, but is currently not known from Ireland). I. athroocarpa has been recorded from Counties Kerry, Donegal and Antrim.\nOriginal text submitted by Vince J. Giavarini", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Studies have shown us that reversing and even curing the ravages of Type 2 diabetes can be accomplished through diet. In large part those diets incorporate what many might consider common sense approaches. Such as removing highly processed foods, sugars and transfers. Often it was thought that caloric restrictions would lend themselves to improving Type 2 diabetes What became more apparent though was that a diet lower in carbs and inclusive of healthy, unprocessed fats resulted in a measurable improvement in many cases.\nBut diabetes type one was another story, or so some thought. Yet is it really a surprise that a diet designed to improve digestive health and to eliminate chronic inflammation-causing foods would provide positive results even for Type 1 diabetes ?\nA recent, long-term study has shown just that, measurable improvement in conditions related to Type 1. Results that, in effect, have eliminated the diabetes.\nIn an article regarding the study found in The New York Times health section:\nAndrew has Type 1 diabetes, and six years ago, in order to control his blood sugar levels, his parents put him on a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet. His mother makes him recipes with diabetic-friendly ingredients that won’t spike his blood sugar, like pizza with a low-carb, almond-flour crust; homemade bread with walnut flour instead of white flour; and yogurt topped with blueberries, raspberries and nuts.\nAndrew’s diet requires careful planning — he often takes his own meals with him to school. But he and his parents say it makes it easier to manage his condition and, since starting the diet, his blood sugar control has markedly improved and he has not had any diabetes complications requiring trips to the hospital.\nMost diabetes experts do not recommend low-carb diets for people with Type 1 diabetes, especially children. Some seemingly wrongly worry that restricting carbs can lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels, a condition known as hypoglycemia, and potentially stunt a child’s growth. But a new study published in the journal Pediatrics on Monday suggests otherwise.\nIt found that children and adults with Type 1 diabetes who followed a very low-carb, high-protein diet for an average of just over two years — combined with the diabetes drug insulin at smaller doses than typically required on a normal diet — had “exceptional” blood sugar control. They had low rates of major complications, and children who followed it for years did not show any signs of impaired growth.\nThe study found that the participants’ average hemoglobin A1C a long-term barometer of blood sugar levels, fell to just 5.67 percent. An A1C under 5.7 is considered normal, and it is well below the threshold for diabetes, which is 6.5 percent.\n“Their blood sugar control seemed almost too good to be true,” said Belinda Lennerz, the lead author of the study and an instructor in the division of pediatric endocrinology at Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. “It’s nothing we typically see in the clinic for Type 1 diabetes.”\nThe standard approach for people with Type 1 diabetes is to match carb intake with insulin. But the argument for restricting carbs is that it keeps blood sugar more stable and requires less insulin, resulting in fewer highs and lows. The approach has not been widely studied or embraced for Type 1 diabetes, but some patients swear by it.\nTypeOneGrit has about 3,000 members on Facebook who ascribe to a program devised by Dr. Richard Bernstein, an 84-year-old physician with Type 1 diabetes. His book, “Dr. Bernstein’s Diabetes Solution,” recommends limiting daily carb intake to about 30 grams, the amount in a sweet potato or about four or five cups of cooked broccoli.\nDr. Bernstein argues that the fewer carbs consumed, the easier it is to stabilize blood sugar with insulin. He recommends foods like nonstarchy vegetables, seafood, nuts, meat, yogurt, tofu and recipes made with almond flour, sugar substitutes and other low-glycemic ingredients. His plan emphasizes protein intake, which he says is especially important for growing children.\nWhile it was not a clinical trial, the study is striking because it highlights a community of patients who have been “extraordinarily successful” at controlling their diabetes with a very low-carb diet, said Dr. David M. Harlan, the co-director of the Diabetes Center of Excellence at the UMass Memorial Medical Center, who was not involved in the study. “Perhaps the surprise is that for this large number of patients it is much safer than many experts would have suggested.”\nShare this post\n- 0 comment\n- Tags: Best of the Bone broth concentrate, Best of the Bone highest broth in collagen, bone broth and diabetes, healthy fats and diabetes, healthy fats bone broth, ketogenic diet and diabetes type 1, Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes", "label": "No"}
{"text": "History Of Turkey And Russia Relations\nHistory Of Turkey And Russia – Ottoman Empire vs Tsardom of Russia\nHistory of relations between Turkey and Russia has generally not been a friendly one. There is a priceless medal set bestowed by the Russian Tsars to Ottoman Sultans in the Imperial Treasury in Topkapı Palace.\nIn a surprising manner, it turns out that Ottoman Empire warred with the country which presented the highest number of gifts. We see in Imperial Treasury and clock collections that the highest number of gifts came from Iran, Austria, Russia, England and France.\nRise and fall of Ottoman Empire Short History\nThe Ottoman State was founded on 1299 upon the collapse of the Turkish state that had existed before in the region. After the collapse of Seljuk Empire, Ottoman State started to exist as a small city state before evolving eventually into an empire by expanding into Anatolia and Balkans and capturing Constantinople in 1453 by officially ending the rule of Byzantine Empire.\nThe rise of Ottoman Empire reached its peak during the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566). After the rule of Suleiman I, Ottomans kept its borders but did not expand during 1566-1699 and entered into a dormant period.\nAfter the end of 17th century when Ottoman and Russian wars started, Ottoman Empire went into a decline and collapse period, which took two hundred years.\nFrom Grand Duchy to Russian Tsardom Short History\nRussian founded the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1283. After being suppressed for a long time by Mongolians, Russian chose Orthodox sect in the 10th century with the influence of Byzantine.\nAfter the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Russian declared themselves as the successor of Byzantine Empire. That is why Grand Duke Ivan III married the last Byzantine Princess Sophia Palaiologina. In 1547, Russia switched from dukedom to Tsardom.\nThe first Tsar Ivan IV, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible, was the grandson of Sophia. Tsardom of Russia strengthened its claim as the patron and successor of Byzantine. Using double headed eagle as a symbol, the rise of Tsardom of Russia peaked during the reign of Peter the Great.\nRussia becomes a European power By Petro The Great\nGaining Tsar title in 1682, Petro played a great role in Russia’s ascending to an important place in European History. In an attempt to take Russia to the level of European countries of the Enlightenment period, Petro made reforms in social, cultural, military and scientific areas.\nHe realized that Russia was stuck between Arctic Ocean and Black Sea, controlled by the Ottomans, and therefore he started the initiatives to expand into the south. This strategy paved the way for a fierce struggle between Russia and the Ottomans, which took hundreds of years.\nOttomans were successful in the initial wars. After the second half of the 18th century, Russian started to dominate and Ottomans started to lose frequent wars. 19th century was another one during which the wars continued to happen. In this century, the period of collapse began for the Ottomans.\nTurkey (Ottoman Empire) And Russia (Tsardom of Russia) During World War I\nDuring the World War I, Ottomans on the side of Central Powers and Russia on the side of Allied Powers were fighting against each other once again. However Russia had trouble and Allied Powers planned to capture the straits in order to help Russia.\nIn the Dardanelles Campaign (Gallipoli), English and French navy and then an army tried to capture Dardanelles in order to reach Bosphorus. Ottomans managed to get a victory here even though it was on the verge of collapse.\nThis war witnessed the rise of genius lieutenant colonel called Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to the rank of the commander of the army. When the essential help could not be given to Russia, Tsar became powerless and a revolution rose in Russia. Russia withdrew from the war in 1917.\nAtaturk and Turkish Republic\nOttoman Empire was occupied in 1918 and its army was scattered. Mustafa Kemal resigned from his duty as a general and organized the War of Independence. In this period, Turks received aid from the Russia.\nBorn out of the ashes of the fallen empire, Independence Army won the independence in the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and paved the way for the foundation of the Republic of Turkey.\nTurkey & Soviet Socialist Russia Relations During The Cold War\nTurkey managed to stay out of World War II. However Joseph Stalin who strengthened his grip on power wanted to finish the job which had been unfinished since Petro’s time. He openly demanded the straits from Turkey in order to exert its dominance in the Black Sea. Young Turkey did not have enough power to deal with Russia and therefore it applied NATO and was accepted.\nDuring the Cold War, Turkey followed a policy in line with the USA. Russia was once again on the other side of the axis.\nAlthough a perfect friendship was never established between Russia and Turkey, trade relations are quite intense. Turkey buys natural gas from Russia which buys agricultural and textile products from Turkey.\nAs a matter of fact, before the civil war in Syria came to exist, relations between Turkey and Russia were quite mild and steady. Both countries lifted visa requirements due to strong trade relations. Going to Russia for Turkish citizens had never been so easy before.\nDowning of the Russian warplane\nAfter the events in Syria and Russia’s sending its troops there, Russia, which was a northern neighbor of Turkey actually became a southern neighbor as well.\nDuring Russia’s military operation in Syria, one of the jets which was passing through Turkey border was shot down by a Turkish F-16 due to the accusation of border violation and that is why tensions between the two nations rose to the breaking point.\nFuture of Turkey and Russia relations\nA war between two countries does not seem likely, of course. Yet the relations took a critical hit. Russians are among the top three nations visiting Turkey for touristic purposes.\nIt is evident that Aegean and Mediterranean hotels will suffer financially from this tension. There are also tens of thousands of Turks living in Russia due to a marriage just like the Russians living in Turkey for the same reasons.\nRussia and Turkey relations over 500 years have seen very difficult times. Things will go back to normal even though it may take some time.\nSultan Suleiman The Magnificent And Roxelana\nFurther Reading about Sultan Suleiman I Of Ottoman Empire and his Russian originated wife Roxelana (Hurrem Sultan)\nHistory Of Turkey Russia Relations Blog Post By Serhat Engul", "label": "No"}
{"text": "BSCS Science Tracks: Connecting Science & Literacy brings PreK through Grade 5 students to the forefront of science and literacy with engaging experiences and inquiry-based technological design. No special equipment is needed and extensive background knowledge isn't necessary for BSCS Science Tracks to become a successful learning tool in your classroom. The BSCS Science Learning and Kendall Hunt partnership continues to set the standard in science education with programs that help students \"do science\" in ways that relate to their daily lives.\nBSCS Science Tracks helps you and your students focus on learning through:\nClick here to see the positive impact that BSCS Science Tracks has made in the Denver Public Schools.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Innu, a Canadian aboriginal group , has threatened to go to court in an effort to halt the C$6.5B expansion of the Churchill Falls hydroelectric project in Labrador, Canada. On 4 October, Innu chieftain Armand McKenzie told a press conference that if Canada failed to protect the group’s land rights within 60 days, the Innu would file a petition in court to suspend the project and claim their legal rights to the land.\nMcKenzie complained that for 18 months, the aborigines were not included in the planning or environmental reviews for the project. The Innu also say they were never compensated for the flooding of their burial grounds and other ancestral lands by the Upper Churchill Falls project, constructed 25 years ago.\nIn August 1999, both Newfoundland and Quebec said plans for the Churchill Falls expansion would be delayed so that aborigines could participate in an environmental impact study. The Innu say they have not been invited yet. Negotiations on the project between Quebec and Newfoundland have been stalled since March 1998, due to aboriginal demands involved in the decision making process.\nOfficials planning the project have dropped the proposed 1000MW expansion of the existing 5628MW Churchill Falls power house and the plan to divert Quebec’s St Jean river into Churchill Falls. The downsized project includes a 2200MW plant at Gull Island and a diversion of Quebec’s Romaine river. Project officials say much of the estimated 2200MW to be generated could be sold in the northeastern US power market by Hydro-Québec, a utility owned by the Canadian province of Quebec. The rest, some 1000MW, would be sold in Newfoundland and Labrador, possibly to power Inco’s proposed nickel smelter at Voisey’s Bay in Labrador.\nConstruction could start in 9-12 months if a settlement between the provinces and the natives is reached. Electricity production could begin between 2006 and 2008.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "All known hadrons (composite particles made of quarks) have two quarks (mesons) or three quarks (baryons). Mesons are bosons which come in pseudoscalar (spin 0), or vector (spin 1) varieties. Baryons come in spin 1/2 and spin 3/2 varieties. The only stable hadrons are protons and bound neutrons, both of which have spin 1/2.\nThere is some evidence of pairs of mesons bound into a \"molecule\" although it isn't entirely clear if the concept of intrinsic spin applies to this system. Unitary tetraquarks and pentaquarks (as opposed to \"molecules\" of two mesons, or of baryons and mesons) have been theorized but not observed.\nThere is also a theoretical variant on a hydrogen atom in which a antimatter version of a charged lepton takes the place of a proton, such as muonium. A number of other \"exotic atoms\" have been conceived.\nThis leaves some hypothetical loose ends.\nI've discussed before the possibilty of a particle made of two neutrinos of different flavors and opposite matter/antimatter status bound by the Z boson mediated weak force into a \"molecule\". If this functioned as a composite particle, these would be pseudoscalar spin 0 particles (and like kind neutrinos would repel each other rather than bind, preventing the formation of the analog to spin 1 mesons), but it isn't clear that intrinsic spin would apply to this kind of bound system.\nAnother interesting possibility that is well motivated theoretically is the possibility of glueballs. These strong force bound particles should be capable of existing as free particles, like other hadrons, and should have well defined intrinsic spin, which could be either spin-0 (scalar or pseudoscalar), or spin-2 (tensor) (presumably each made of two gluons). Presumably, there could be either two gluon or three gluon states that would be color charge neutral. Conceptually, spin 1 (vector) and spin 3 glueballs (made of three gluons) are possible.\nIn particle physics, a glueball is a hypothetical composite particle. It consists solely of gluon particles, without valence quarks. Such a state is possible because gluons carry color charge and experience the strong interaction. Glueballs are extremely difficult to identify in particle accelerators, because they mix with ordinary meson states.\nThere have been hints of direct glueball detection as far back as 2005 (see also here), but even now, there is not a definitive detection.\nAs a 2008 review explained:\nMany different experiments exploiting a large variety of production mechanisms have presented results in recent years on light mesons with J(PC) = 0(++), 0(-+), and 2(++) quantum numbers. This review looks at the experimental status of glueballs. Good evidence exists for a scalar glueball which is mixed with nearby mesons, but a full understanding is still missing. Evidence for tensor and pseudoscalar glueballs are weak at best.\nSince some glueballs appear in lattice simulations to be massive (on the order of 1-2 GeV/c^2) and scalar, a scalar glueball would look very much like the hypothetical Higgs boson, but lighter.\nAs recently as 2011, published physics papers have contemplated what sort of experimental signature a pseudoscalar glueball would have and compared it to the high energy physics evidence.\nWhile some particles of spin 0 (scalar and pseudoscalar mesons and perhaps glueballs and hypothetically Higgs bosons), 1/2 (fermions and some baryons), 1 (fundamental bosons and some mesons and hypothetically some three gluon glueballs) and 3/2 (some baryons) have been observed; no particles of spin 2 (hypothetically gravitons or two gluon tensor glueballs, some candidates for which has been identified, and also here) or 3 (hypothetically some three gluon glueballs) have been observed.\nThere are questions, however, about whether gluons are even a meaningful way to describe the low energy limits of QCD. For example, there are doubts about whether intrinsic gluon spin or gluon helicity is the proper concept to use to theoretically model glueballs. Theoretical challenges to even the existence of three gluon glueballs are particularly daunting, although some progress has been made in modeling them in lattice QCD models.\nThen, there are gluelumps (also here) which are \"one-gluon states, allowed because of the static colour octet source.\", in more elaborate models such as SUSY (\"These are another hypothetical type of gluonic hadrons, where a spinless, static, color-octet source is added to the gauge field. Gluelumps have actually been a first attempt to model gluino-gluon bound states.\") Another of the references talks about a gluelump made of a charm-anti-charm and gluon triplet.\nGiven the fact that all of the fundamental bosons and at least one kind of meson act as force carriers phenomenologically, and the fact that all glueballs are bosons composed themselves entirely of bosons, the possibility that glueballs might act as force carriers of some type is fascinating. We know that it is conceptually possible for a spin-2 particle to reproduce gravity (and indeed that one can understand QCD through a correspondence between its gauge theory and five dimensional classical gravity in anti-deSitter space), but what kind of force might be carried by a spin-3 glueball if one existed?\nSome consideration has been given to this question, and spin-3 bosons present fewer theoretical challenges than high spin bosons (see also here). This has some application in condensed matter physics and might matter in SUSY theories.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Search the Archives\nTo develop Boston Stories, memories were mined for the core Stories that would tell the \"Boston Story.\" In the process, thousands of slides, photos, brochures, books, teachers' guides, video clips, grant applications, memos, letters, drawings, \"vocabulary lists\"–an enormous array of archival materials–were discovered, scanned and preserved.\nWhat was it about the way the museum was reconceived and managed during those years that made it such a different and exciting place? Why did it take on so many challenging problems, come up with such interesting solutions, become a laboratory for the profession, and influence the direction of learning in museums? Why was it such an active collaborator, such a memorable place to work, such a nursery of museum careers, and a precursor to the notion of non-hierarchical, interactive leadership? The answers are not obvious. What happened–especially behind the scenes–is significant but complicated.\nAnd what happened behind the scenes of developing Boston Stories was too good to be left on the cutting room floor. For anyone who wishes to delve deeper into the core stories by following these trails, the archive offers a rich selection of original source materials linked by topic. For students, scholars or anyone interested in research, it is a goldmine.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "(3) The alumina processing flow is described in the following paragraphs.\nRefer to Figure 2-9 as you read the following steps in the production flow.\n(a) Bauxite is unloaded onto open stockpiles or stored in bins inside a\nlarge, long, low shed. A conveyor transports the ore to the crushing and grinding\nbuilding where It is reduced to a fine powder.\n(b) The powdered bauxite is conveyed to the digester building where it is\nmixed with concentrated caustic soda and cooked under steam pressure in an\nThe concentrated caustic soda is stored in closed tanks\nadjacent to the digester building, and steam is supplied by a boiler house located\nUnder the influence of heat and pressure the alumina dissolves from the\nore and chemically bonds with water to form aluminum hydroxide.\nThis then goes\ninto solution with the caustic soda to create a sodium aluminate liquor. The waste\nimpurities, primarily silica, and ferrous oxide, stay in solid suspension.\n(c) The liquid is piped to the filter press building where porous metal\n(d) The impurities are piped into settling tanks where water and caustic\nsoda are recovered for reuse.\nThe waste (red mud) is pumped to a waste pond and\n(e) The liquid is passed to the precipitator building comprised of a series\nof large size and tall silo tanks and a large rectangular structure which is\nusually covered with a sawtooth roof.\nAluminum hydroxide is precipitated out of\nthe sodium aluminate liquid inside these tall silo tanks.\nSmall granules of\naluminum hydroxide (seed crystals) are introduced into the tank at the top and as\nthey drift down, cause aluminum hydroxide to crystallize out of the solution and\nsettle at the bottom.\nThe seed crystals are supplied from seed tanks located\nadjacent to the precipitation building. Regularly, precipitated aluminum hydroxide\ncrystals are drawn from the silo tanks and washed in settling tanks prior to being\nsent to the rotary kilns for drying.\nThe caustic soda solution remains in the\nprecipitator tank until it is needed for reuse.\n(f) After being washed in settling tanks, the aluminum hydroxide crystals\nare conveyed to the rotary kilns. These are long, pipe-like furnaces mounted on an\nincline and slowly rotated on their long axis. Aluminum hydroxide is introduced at\nthe upper end and is slowly tumbled down its length, drying, and in the process\nchanges from a hydroxide to an oxide by the loss of oxygen and hydrogen. Alumina\nis taken out of the bottom of the rotary Kiln and sorted in silos or in an alumina", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso\nThe colonial city of Valparaíso presents an excellent example of late19th-century urban and architectural development in Latin America. In its natural amphitheatre-like setting, the city is characterized by a vernacular urban fabric adapted to the hillsides that are dotted with a great variety of church spires.\nIt contrasts with the geometrical layout utilized in the plain. The city has well preserved its interesting early industrial infrastructures, such as the numerous ‘elevators’ on the steep hillsides.\nChurches of Chiloé\nThe Churches of Chiloé represent a unique example in Latin America of an outstanding form of ecclesiastical wooden architecture. They represent a tradition initiated by the Jesuit Peripatetic Mission in the 17th and 18th centuries, continued and enriched by the Franciscans during the 19th century and still prevailing today.\nThese churches embody the intangible richness of the Chiloé Archipelago, and bear witness to a successful fusion of indigenous and European culture, the full integration of its architecture in the landscape and environment, as well as to the spiritual values of the communities.\nHumberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works\nHumberstone and Santa Laura works contain over 200 former saltpeter works where workers from Chile, Peru and Bolivia lived in company towns and forged a distinctive communal pampinos culture.\nThat culture is manifest in their rich language, creativity, and solidarity, and, above all, in their pioneering struggle for social justice, which had a profound impact on social history. Situated in the remote desert Pampa, one of the driest deserts on earth, thousands of pampinos lived and worked in this hostile environment, for over 60 years, from 1880, to process the largest deposit of saltpeter in the world, producing the fertilizer sodium nitrate that was to transform agricultural lands in North and South America, and in Europe, and produce great wealth for Chile. Because of the vulnerability of the structures and because of the impact of a recent earthquake, the site was also placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, to help mobilize resources for its conservation.\nRapa Nui National Park\nRapa Nui, the indigenous name of Easter Island, bears witness to a unique cultural phenomenon. A society of Polynesian origin that settled there c. A.D. 300 established a powerful, imaginative and original tradition of monumental sculpture and architecture, free from any external influence.\nFrom the 10th to the 16th century this society built shrines and erected enormous stone figures known as moai, which created an unrivalled cultural landscape that continues to fascinate people throughout the world.\nSewell Mining Town\nSituated 85 km south of the capital, Santiago in an environment marked by extreme climate more than 2,000 m up the Andes, Sewell Mining Town was built by the Braden Copper company in the early 20th century to house workers at what was the world’s largest underground copper mine, El Teniente. It is an outstanding example of the company towns that were born in many remote parts of the world from the fusion of local labour and resources from an industrialized nation, to mine and process high-value natural resources.\nAt its peak Sewell numbered 15,000 inhabitants, but was largely abandoned in the 1970s. The town was built on a terrain too steep for wheeled vehicles around a large central staircase rising from the railway station. Along its route formal squares of irregular shape with ornamental trees and plants constituted the main public spaces or squares of the town. Off the central staircase, paths ran along the contours leading to smaller squares and secondary staircases linking the town’s different levels. The buildings lining the streets are timber, often painted in vivid green, yellow, red and blue. Designed in the U.S.A., most of them were built on a 19th century American model, but the design of the Industrial School (1936), for example, is of modernist inspiration. Sewell is the only mountain industrial mining settlement of considerable size of the 20th century to have been built for year-round use.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Obesity is a condition that affects over 93 million Americans, or nearly 40% of the US population according to the CDC. Although there are a few methods to diagnose obesity, it’s commonly determined using BMI. A BMI of over 30 indicates obesity (calculate your BMI here). For many, they are surprised to learn that their height and weight put them in the obesity range. Many people with obesity don’t see their weight as an issue. They may feel fine, great even. But, obesity can have harmful side effects even if you feel fine now.\nObesity comes with a cost. First, there is a cost to an individual’s health. At least nine health conditions are associated with obesity. Second, there is a financial cost to obesity. The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the US is $147 billion dollars (in 2008 dollars). For each individual with obesity, annual medical costs are estimated to be $1429 higher than their normal weight peers.\nFor people with obesity who feel healthy, it may only be a matter of time before their health is affected. The physical effects of obesity, as well as lifestyle choices often associated with obesity such as high calorie diet and a sedentary lifestyle, can begin to affect people before they can feel the difference. Some comorbidities don’t have any outward symptoms. For other conditions, once you begin to have symptoms, the condition may have already taken a toll on their health. It’s best to know what conditions are associated with obesity so you can consult with your doctor for diagnosis or learn what signs and symptoms to look out for.\nThese nine conditions are commonly associated with obesity:\n- Osteoarthritis- The extra weight can put additional stress on joints, which can lead to bone and cartilage degradation.\n- Type 2 diabetes- Along with obesity, this is the crux of metabolic syndrome. Obesity affects insulin production and usage, which leads to high blood sugar.\n- Coronary heart disease- This condition is often seen in conjunction with high cholesterol, as cholesterol can contribute to plaques clogging the arteries. But the extra weight associated with obesity can make the heart work harder and puts a strain on the heart and the blood vessels.\n- Stroke- Similar to how obesity affects the blood vessels to the heart, people with obesity are at higher risk of stroke if blood vessels to the brain become clogged.\n- Gallbladder disease- A diet high in sugar and fat can contribute to the overproduction of cholesterol by the liver, which can lead to gallstones.\n- Breathing difficulty- The extra adipose tissue padding the abdominal cavity can reduce the space needed for the internal organs. When the lungs have a reduced amount of space available to adequately inflate, breathing difficulties can result.\n- Sleep apnea- Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for sleep apnea as the extra weight can lead to breathing problems during sleep. Also, people of normal weight who have untreated sleep breathing disorders may gain weight as a result leading to a complicated association of weight and breathing. But, weight loss often results in improvement in breathing during sleep.\n- High Blood Pressure- Obesity affects the kidneys in several ways, including through increased pressure within the abdomen and structural and mechanical changes in the kidney itself that result in hypertension.\n- Several cancers- According to the CDC, at least 13 different type of cancers are more common if a person has obesity.\nWhile prevention of obesity and overweight is thought to be the best option, weight loss is encouraged if obesity is present. For so many people, weight loss is not easy. Many have tried everything from diet and exercise, to medication, to nutritionists without success. If you have tried to lose weight unsuccessfully, bariatric surgery may be an option for you. If you are obese or overweight and it’s affecting your health, you could be a candidate for gastric sleeve, gastric bypass, or lap band surgery. To schedule a free informational session with Dr. Shillingford, MD, PA, call (561) 483-8840 today. Dr. Shillingford is a board certified surgeon specializing in weight loss surgery. His gastric sleeve, gastric bypass, and gastric band surgery patients receive top notch care at Northwest Medical Center’s Center of Excellence in Bariatric Surgery, and at their follow up appointments in his Boca Raton office.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The 13 February is World Radio Day - a day to celebrate radio as a medium, to improve international cooperation between broadcasters and to encourage major networks and community radio alike to promote access to information, freedom of expression and gender equality over the airwaves.\nThe date of 13 February the day, the United Nations radio was established in 1946, was proposed by the director - General of UNESCO.\nThe objectives of the Day will be to raise greater awareness among the public and the media of the importance of radio to encourage decision makers to establish and provide access to information through radio; as well as to enhance networking and international corporation among broadcasters.\nRadio still remains the medium that reaches the widest audience worldwide; in the quickest possible time. Through World Radio Day celebrations around the world, UNESCO will promote radio in times of emergency and disaster.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Briefly, the components of a nutrient management program are (NWQEP 1988):\na. Determine current nutrient management practices.\nb. Determine the range of soil fertility and crop nutrient requirements .\nc. Identify nutrient sources and utilization areas for potential redistribution from areas of\noversupply areas of undersupply. Determine how much improvement in nutrient management\ncan be accomplished given current practices in the watershed.\nd. Provide cost-sharing and technical assistance for cost-sharing and technical assistance for\nsoil testing and manure testing .\ne. Estimate nutrient mass balance fore each filed, farm, and for the entire project area.\nExample dairy or mixed livestock components are:\nInputs: feed, fertilizer\nOutputs: milk, meat, crops, excess manure\nRecycle: manure, crop residue\nf. Determine the current inputs for the area generating pollutants, or for each field in the case of\na small project area. Compare with required nutrient needs of crops and pasture based on the\nsoil test results, soil type and land form. Adjust nutrient applications accordingly.\ng. Use worksheets and written plans to formalize records on nutrient input requirements and\napplication rates for individual farm operations or fields. Where possible the plans should\nidentify the range of susceptibility of ground and surface water to nutrient over-application\nbased on soil type and land form. Beegle at al. (1989), Schulte et. al. (1989), Harmon et al.\n(1988), and Vitosh and Carroll (1987) developed nutrient management worksheets using\nspreadsheet software that are available to make the calculations and planning less cumbersome\nfor managing farm fertilizer and manure applications .\nh. Educational materials, field demonstrations, and technical assistance along with the\ncalibration of manure and fertilizer spreaders is important. Demonstrations may be needed to\nshow the nutrient value of animal waste, advanced fertilizer applications such as banding, split\napplication, injection or improved incorporation the use of legume cover.\ni. Promote the effective use of animal waste storage facilities for the optimal timing of manure\nnutrient utilization. Also, promote tissue testing to determine the proper nutrient requirement and\nto verify nutrient applications .", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Before Title IX\nIn vocational courses in high schools, most girls could only take \"home\nec\" (cooking, sewing), while most boys could only take \"shop\"\n(woodworking, metalworking). Schools were allowed to deny women training\nin fields that society considered \"inappropriate\" for them. Therefore,\nwomen trained primarily for low-wage, traditionally female jobs like\nhealth aides and cosmetologists.\nSince Title IX\nThanks to Title IX, schools can no longer legally shut doors to certain courses or training on the basis of sex. The law says girls must be free to pursue career training in courses like aviation, automotive repair, and architectural drafting, while boys can choose to pursue cooking, nursing, and cosmetology. It's about time! Career training must be by choice not by gender.\nWhy Title IX Is Still Critical\nEven though they're not as obvious as before, barriers in vocational education still exist, as women in vocational programs remain largely concentrated in traditionally-female sectors. Many of these programs provide training for jobs in the lowest-paying sectors of society.\nSource: National Women's Law Center analysis based on data from the Departments of Education in Arizona, California, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina and Washington.\nBarriers in vocational education still exist, and it is critical that guidance counselors present a wide variety of career options, including potential pay scale and required skill levels, when describing potential vocations.\nHigh-skill, high-wage jobs and training programs are still dominated by men. Low-skill, low-wage jobs and training programs are still dominated by women.\nYoung women are over 85% of the students enrolled in high school cosmetology, child care, and health assistant courses. Child care workers earn a median salary of $7.43 per hour while cosmetologists earn a median salary of $8.49 per hour.\nYoung men are over 90% of the students in high school courses for plumbing, electrical work, welding and carpentry. The media salary for plumbers is $18.19 per hour and electricians earn a median salary of $19.29 per hour.\nAsk the Secretary of Education\nto Keep Title IX Strong in Career Education", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Author(s): Akira Wada; Koichi Kitahara; Mitsuhito Kawanaga; Masakazu Miura; Tairyu Takano\nLinked Author(s): Akira Wada\nKeywords: Stratification; Annox water; Upwelling; Meteorological condition; 3D-numerical model; Tokyo Bay 1\nAbstract: In the period of strong density stratification from early summer through early fall, the supply of oxygen from the sea surface to the deeper water is cut off. At the same time, organic matter decomposes near the ocean bottom, so that an anoxic water mass forms. In inner Tokyo Bay, when a northeasterly wind (directed from the inner bay toward the mouth of the bay) blows, the anoxic water mass upwells (an \"Aoshio\" occurs). In some cases fishes and shellfish die along the coast. Based on the results of continuous observations of water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen content, here we have used an improved fluid flow model to carry out 3-dimensional calculations of the water level, water temperature, salinity and flow distributions. The computational results have reproduced the observational results well. The calculations showed that upwelling of the anoxic water mass that forms during the stratified period is not only affected by the continuously blowing northeasterly wind, but also by a continuous southwesterly wind that blew several days previously. Surface water blown against the coast by this continuous southwesterly wind is pushed downward; the calculations reproduced the process by which the rising force of this previously downwelled surface water also affects the phenomenon of anoxia.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Owls are very unique birds of prey.\nOne thing that makes owls distinctive is their eyes, which are very large and fixed in their sockets. If we had eyes as big as owls relative to the size of our heads, we'd have eyes the size of softballs! Becasue the eyes of owls do not rotate in their sockets, they have to be able to rotate thier heads instead to see what's around them. BUT they can NOT turn their heads 360 degrees in a full circle. Owls can look all the way around behind them though, a full 180 degrees - much farther than we can turn our heads.\nOwls are also known for their abilities of silent flight... Have you ever noticed that owls' wings in flight don't make a sound? Other raptors can make quite a commotion with their wings as they take off to gain flight, but the owl has something special that other birds of prey do not... Fur on their feathers. This 'fur' muffles any sound as the owl flaps its wings -- an important asset for the silent night-time hunting of the owl.\nYou don't have to go out after dark to look for owls! Because their eyes are specially adapted to see better at night, we could probably not see them then anyway. During the day, go to areas that would be popular hang-outs for rodents and other smallish critters... perhaps an open grove of pines... and look on the ground at the bases of trees for the owl's furry grey 'pellets'. The pellets are the regurtated remains of an owls meals -- made up mostly of fur and whole bones. If you're lucky and have sharp eyes, you might even see the owl itself, roosting in the branches above, catching a little nap -- or watching YOU!\nAnother way you can tell there's an owl around is by a noisy cackle of smaller birds, often crows -- seemingly all worked-up about something. Crows and songbirds will gang up and relentlessly pester an owl - hoping that eventually the owl will run out of patience and move along. Though pittiable to see an old owl, looking ancient and tired, sitting unmoving as a dozen crows kaw and kaw and swoop and dive-bomb -- until you realize their motive to chase the owl away... Owls like to raid the nests of crows and songbirds to make a meal of the baby birds.\n© 1994-1999 Tara Prindle.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "For years and years, my mother and grandmother have been telling me, “make sure you dry your hair before you go to sleep, you’ll catch a cold if you go to bed with wet hair.” For most of those years, I’ve often wondered if this was actually true or if it was just an old wives tale. I actually prefer going to bed with a wet head, that way in the morning, I can quickly style my hair without having to damage it by using the blow dryer. Let’s bust this myth open and find out if sleeping on your foam latex mattress with a wet head is actually dangerous or a myth gone too far.\nAccording to Discovery Health, 40 percent of mothers said they believed sending their kids out in the cold weather or to bed with a wet head would get them sick.\nWhere did the myth come from?\nWho are we to blame for this notion of death by dampness? Part of the responsibility is taken by French chemist Louis Pasteur, who in 1878 exposed chickens to anthrax and then dipped their feet in icy water to see how it might affect their odds of catching the disease. The chickens developed anthrax and died. When he repeated the experiment but wrapped the exposed chickens in a warm blanket, they survived.\nHuman studies in the early 20th century seemed to confirm Pasteur’s research. A German scientist discovered during World War I that soldiers who slept in cold, wet trenches were four times more likely to get colds than those who rested in dry barracks. Somewhere along the line, a few mothers must have caught wind of these studies and began forbidding their children to step foot outside until their heads were bone-dry.\nIt’s also possible that people who believe that a wet head will lead to a cold have heard that a good percentage of the body’s heat escapes through the head. That is a myth. In actuality, you lose just as much, if not more heat through a bare arm or leg or foot as you do through your noggin.\nThe idea that going out with a wet head or going to bed with one will lead to a cold is, like so many of those other old warnings, just an old wives’ tale. So, if going outside with a wet head won’t give you a cold, what will?\nColds are actually caused by viruses. You need to be exposed to the cold virus in order to get sick. More than 200 different viruses can cause colds, but the biggest culprit is the rhinovirus.\nSo remember, the next time your mother tells you not to go to sleep with a wet head, you can always point to the evidence to prove them wrong. After all and old wive’s tale, is just a tale! But if you are looking to dry your hair faster, check out the video below!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Known to the locals as a lesula, the medium-sized, slender monkey has a blonde, grizzled mane and joins a genus of vibrantly coloured monkeys more commonly known as the guenons.\nTo locals, this cool monkey is known as a lesula – it also goes by the names kifula and tou – but to a team of researchers from the Democratic Republic of Congo and the United States, it’s the world’s newest monkey species.\nUnique to the DRC and discovered rather serendipitously – the first lesula researchers spotted was actually a young girl’s wandering pet – they’re defined by their blonde, grizzled manes and join a genus of vibrantly coloured monkeys more commonly known as the guenons.\nResearchers have given the medium-sized, slender monkey the formal name, Cercopithecus lomamiensis, after the river that marks the edge of their habitat in the Lomami basin.\nThe lesula calls home a portion that’s roughly 17,000 square kilometres in size – about as big as Lake Ontario – and it’s also teeming with several other known species of guenons.\n“You can walk in the forest, look up in a fruit tree and find at least three different species – even on the same branch – eating,” Kate Detwiler, study co-author and anthropologist at Florida Atlantic University in the United States, told Science-Fare.com. “They’ve figured out a way to divide themselves ecologically enough that they can coexist, but somehow not outcompete each other.”\nThe lesula may hang out in the trees, but researchers say part of their evolutionary success story may be that they’ve learned to venture down from them – they believe it was part of ours.\n“We’re not sure what the environmental pressure was, but, it’s down eating the herbaceous vegetation that’s on the forest floor,” she said.\nWhen researchers analyzed a portion of lesula DNA to confirm it was a new species, they found its closest relative’s actually the owl-faced monkey, a species that lives more than 50 kilometres away and across two rivers – the Lomami and Congo.\nLike the lesula, it’s learned to take advantage of the spoils on the forest floor and it seems the only thing they really share with them visually, is their bright blue bum – scientists call it the perineum.\n“When the forest was expanding and contracting – possibly during the different ice ages in the Pleistocene – pockets of forest separated populations for a long enough time that they diverged,” Detwiler said.\nThey estimate the two monkeys split approximately two million years ago and researchers say the forest boundaries may have been particularly responsive to a changing climate.\n“In parts of the forest, the base is this white sand and it doesn’t produce a productive habitat for a lot of species,” Detwiler said. “It’s this area where they have to get through – or get around – to get to the good eating forest.”\nSince splitting from their closest relative, the skeleton of the lesula has changed too – a third indication that it’s a unique species. In addition to having larger eye sockets than the owl-faced monkey, researchers say the lesula also has several teeth, in both the front and back of the mouth, that are larger too.\nAs soon as the lesula was found to be a new species, it was added to the list of protected animals in the DRC, along with the bonobo and elephant.\nThe study’s lead author and conservation biologist with the Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation, John Hart, told Science-Fare.com this is because bushmeat’s become a commodity – they’ve even identified a crude supply chain to get it from the forest to the city markets.\nAccording to a 2009 report – also by the Lukuru Wildlife Research Foundation – the price of beef, on average, was more than twice the cost of bushmeat. Chicken – the cheapest alternative to bushmeat – was still 40 per cent more expensive than it.\nIn a region of the world that’s plagued with food security issues, the price makes sense.\n“As long as domestic sources of meat are not available or are very expensive – relative to bushmeat – we’re going to see bushmeat continue to be exploited to the very end,” Hart said. “What will save the fauna of the Congo is the development of agriculture and husbandry, so that people have other sources of food.”\nThe monkey was discovered in a region of the DRC known as TL2 – for the three rivers that cut across it – and since it’s only recently opened to researchers, Hart says several creatures are currently being studied to see if they’re new species too.\nThe new monkey was described in the journal, PLOS ONE.\nCheck out the full report here.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Danube has a problem: It suffers from an increase in plastic and pharmaceutical waste\nAt present, 322 million tonnes more plastics are produced than in 1950. Even the tenth of this will end up as waste in the sea.\nMicroplastics have been found in the bowels of the fish of the Danube by scientists. Although we believed that the countries of the former USSR have been avoiding alarming river pollution for a while, unfortunately, this has not happened.\nVarious types of plastics have started to get into industrial production since the early 20th century, with a smaller boom in their production during 1950s. In 2015, however, 322 million tonnes more of plastics are beeing produced than in 1950. It is striking that a whole tenth of this quantity will end up as waste in the sea.\nThe problem with plastic waste does not only affect the seas but also the rivers in Europe and other parts of the world. The Danube, second largest European river, sails yearly to the Black Sea in the south of Europe from 530 to 1550 tonnes of plastic waste.\n\"It turned out that a thousand cubic meters of Danube water contains on average 317 plastic elements\", the website aktuality.sk pointing out the growing problem.\nScientists are of the opinion that a key solution to preventing water pollution from plastic waste is its more efficient recycling.\nAnti-pollution is also fought by Slovak scientists\nAs a response to the increasing pollution of the Danube river the PlasticFreeDanube group was formed in 2017, working in the composition of Slovak-Austrian scientific cooperation. The head of the Slovak team is the current scientist of the year, the chemist Mária Omastová.\nBy 2020, this project will bring results that will tell us what kind of plastics in Danube´s section spanning from Vienna to Gabčíkovo are the most common in the river. Another objective of the project will be to identify whether plastics harvested from the Danube come from industrial production or from households.\nAnnually up to 150 million tons of plastic are destined for disposable use.\nIn addition to macroplastic scientists will also deal with a microplastic, a plastic smaller than 5 mm. It easily becomes food for fish which will later appear, for example, on our plate.\n\"We want to find out which plastics are the fastest in terms of crumbling into smaller parts. When the plastic rubs off the stone it breaks down into smaller parts which can then get into the body of the fish, \" Omastová told dennikn.sk.\nPlastic waste is just the top of the iceberg\nProblems also concern large multinational corporations that deal with agricultural and pharmaceutical production and who discharge their waste into the Danube without much regulation.\nA group Joint Danube Survey 3, working under the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), has identified the top 20 substances currently polluting Danube. Only 7 of them are registered and under constant legislative supervision.\nAdam Kovacs from ICPDR says that as an organization they have very little information about what substances are actually being dumped into the Danube from various industrial productions. He admits that the development of EU legislation is far behind the development of the industry.\nThe 2016 Pact of the Danube Declaration is also aware of this legislative gap. The Declaration also mentions the need to make greater efforts to identify priority substances and new chemicals occurring throughout the Danube basin.\nWastewater treatment plants for cleaner Danube\nDespite the lack of legislation states from the Danube basin are making increasing efforts to preserve its biodiversity and engage in its environmental interests.\nThe quality of water in the most polluted part - in the estuary of the river, should be improved in the near future with the profound help of the European funds. It is the cities of Bucharest, Belgrade and Novy Sad, which are polluting the river at the most. The absence of an effective wastewater treatment plant gives room for the accumulation of hazardous substances and waste.\nSlovakia, under the European Initiative for a Cleaner Danube, has undertaken steps to renovate two of the three Bratislava plants in Petržalka and Vrakuňa. This initiative also fights against increasing pollution of our second largest European river.\nIntensive production, preparations and transportation planning for the U.S. project were taking place during last months in Hydrotech´s production...\nThe liter of beer consumes up to 60 liters of water. High water consumption will have to be sharply limited by beer producers.\nCarlsberg has pledged to reduce its water consumption by 50% by 2030.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Deep within the Great Bear Rainforest, on the remote Triquet Island off Canada’s western coast, a group of archeologists made the discovery of a lifetime. They began digging without any expectations, but their incredible finding would ultimately bring an ancient folktale to life.\nIt was the first archaeological dig carried out on the remote island, and the participants weren’t expecting to find much. However, deep down they wanted to believe that the stories they heard were true. What would they uncover in the cold Canadian mud?\nPeeling Away The Layers\nWorking in cooperation with a group of students from the University of Victoria, the archeologists toiled away as they dug deeper and deeper into the earth, carefully removing one layer after another. At the eight foot mark, they finally came across what they were after – deposits of fossil soil. They came to this island expecting to carry out a routine dig, but now, everything had changed. The archeologists were completely shocked. What would they uncover within the fossil soil?\nBeneath The Mud\nDeep within the thick mud, the archeologists identified the remains of an ancient style of oven called a hearth. They also found burnt pieces of charcoal alongside the oven. This one discovery had the potential to change the entire human history of not just this single island, but of the entire North American hemisphere. However, before jumping to conclusions, the archaeologists needed to be sure that their evidence was legitimate, so they continued to dig for more clues.\nAs their search continued, they came across a whole wealth of other surprising artifacts including various types of weapons, as well as tools for hunting, fishing, and lighting fires. Both the students and the archaeologists couldn’t believe how much evidence they had uncovered. When they first began the dig, they were skeptical that they’d find the slightest traces of anything worthwhile. Now, they found themselves standing on a potentially groundbreaking discovery. But the most significant piece of the puzzle was yet to come.\nA Local Legend\nConsidering that most historians doubted that this island was ever inhabited, what drove the team of archeologists to dig there in the first place? Their hypothesis came from local stories about the Heiltsuk people. The Heiltsuk people claimed for centuries that they were the first nation indigenous to the Great Bear Rain Forest and that their ancestors came to Triquet Island to seek refuge during the Ice Age. However, archeologists and scientists have denied these claims due to a lack of prehistoric proof. How could this be?\nEngulfed In Ice?\nThroughout the Ice Age, a vast majority of Western Canada was completely covered in ice and was therefore uninhabitable. Because Triquet Island is situated just off the coast of British Columbia, scientists have long assumed that it too was frozen during the Ice Age. This is why historians, scientists, and archeologists have rejected the claims of the Heiltsuk people. However, the group of archaeologists digging on Triquet Island would soon discover something that would shake this notion to its core.\nProof At Last\nThe Heiltsuk people were optimistic that the findings of the archeological expedition would support their claims that they had historical ownership over the land on Triquet Island. Until then, the oldest artifact in favor of their existence on the island dated back to about 7190 BCE. The only issue was that the Heiltsuk people were known for a lifestyle centered around fishing. Based on the new findings, however, the ancient inhabitants of Triquet Island had a much different diet…\nFollowing The Clues\nAmong the various artifacts found during the archeological excavation on Triquet Island were spears and other tools presumed to be used for hunting. When the researchers took a closer look at these artifacts, they realized that the spears were far too big to be used for fishing. Moreso, the island was virtually absent of land mammals for which a spear of this size would be practical. Something here didn’t add up. The archaeologists were determined to get to the bottom of it.\nVisit DrivePedia to see the rest of the discovery", "label": "No"}
{"text": "When ulcers of the lower extremity develop, it is important to find out why. Many ulcers develop over boney prominences which are subjected to pressure, and are therefore labeled as pressure ulcers. However, one common etiology of lower extremity wounds is frequently not considered, particularly in elderly persons. This is atherosclerotic disease of the lower limbs, also called peripheral arterial disease, or PAD. The term PAD can also apply to atherosclerotic disease in other locations such as carotid arteries leading to the brain. Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, and hyperlipidemia.\nDiagnosing PAD is important, as treatment can begin with antiplatelet therapy, vasodilators, or surgical therapies such as angioplasty and bypass grafting. Many complications related to PAD can be prevented with basic foot care, control of risk factors, timely treatment of ulceration, and interdisciplinary collaboration between nutritionists, nurses, physicians, and other specialists such as podiatrists and vascular surgeons. Persons with PAD also have increased prevalence of heart attack and stroke, making control of risk factors a major priority.\nPhysical signs of PAD include diminished pulses, delayed capillary return, coolness, and chronic changes of the skin such as hairlessness, pallor and thinning. When diagnosing vascular ulcers, it is important that bedside physical diagnostic signs be supplemented by objective measurements obtained by a competent vascular technician.\nSeveral non-invasive vascular studies are available, including transcutaneous oxygen measurement, segmental Doppler studies, skin temperature, and segmental pressures. Two of the most useful and readily available studies are ankle-brachial index and plethysmography, which translates arterial pulsation in the lower extremity into visible wave forms (pulse volume recordings or PVRs) using inflated cuffs at various levels.\nAnkle-brachial index is a measure of ankle systolic pressure divided by brachial systolic pressure. A normal ratio is 0.9 to 1.3, and a ratio less than 0.9 indicates a decrease in ankle blood flow relative to the arm. An ABI less than 0.5 indicates severe occlusive disease to the leg, however this result is less reliable when arteries are stiff, as occurs when calcification is present. It is therefore advisable to use other studies to supplement ABI such as plethysmography.\nThe normal pulse volume wave form shows a systolic upstroke with sharp peak, followed by a downstroke with a dicrotic notch. The figure above shows a normal pulse volume recording. Changes in contour that indicate PAD include diminution of pulse amplitude, blunted amplitude of the waveform, and absence of dicrotic notch. With severe PAD, pulsation is absent and wave forms are flattened.\nOnce non-invasive vascular studies are obtained which demonstrate PAD, the issue of etiology of lower extremity ulcer becomes clearer. For example, a foot ulcer in the presence of good blood flow is more likely to be a pressure ulcer, while an ulcer in the presence of severely limited blood flow can accurately be termed a vascular ulcer. When diagnosing vascular ulcers, it is important that bedside physical diagnostic signs be supplemented by objective measurements obtained by a competent vascular technician.\nThe diagram above illustrates a PVR test from an 85 year old man with history of smoking and hypertension who came to my hospital with painful ulceration to his left ankle. The right thigh appears normal but there is dampening of the wave form in the right lower leg and foot. The left leg shows abnormal wave form from the thigh down, and the left foot shows completely absent arterial pulsation. This patient barely had blood flowing to his left foot due to severe preexisting atherosclerotic disease, which contributed to ulceration and pain.\n* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *\nThis post is partially based on my article: Peripheral Arterial Disease and its Consequences: Considerations for Long-term Care, Annals of Long-Term Care, Volume 17, pp 1524-7929, 2009.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Apollo 11 mission to the Moon was a global, collective experience. It’s estimated that around a fifth of the world’s population watched Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon on TV on July 20, 1969. The event fired the imagination of people around the world, creating a sense of wonder at the huge scientific achievement and inspiring a generation of children.\nAs part of our celebrations during the anniversary week, we have been collecting memories from people who remember witnessing history being made, with questions provided by today’s children who, while they don’t have their own memories, may well see another manned mission to the Moon in their lifetimes.\nAs we mark the anniversary of the safe return of the Apollo 11 astronauts to Earth, find out how people remembered the nail-biting moments from lift-off to splashdown during the eight days that changed how we saw the world.\nPresent day scientists and engineers from the UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC) contributed their own memories of the moment – and shared how it inspired their future careers. Instrument Scientist Alistair Glasse has even worked in the same room as Mission Control for Apollo 11 at NASA’s Johnson Space Center as part of his work on the MIRI instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, while software engineer Steven Beard works on MOONS – a next generation instrument for the Very Large Telescope on a mountain top in Northern Chile.\nYou can find more memories of NASA’s Apollo 11 mission to the moon here.\nPeople remember the 1969 Moon landing 50 years after the mission\nThis part of our Apollo@50 celebrations was inspired by our fellow research council the Arts and Humanities Research Council’s crowd-sourced history project. Collaborating with the UK Space Agency, AHRC gathered first-hand memories of the seminal moment for an eBook. You can read more here at Moon Landing Memories/.\nLast updated: 25 July 2019", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Alaska Department of Fish and Game\nSecondary Site Navigation\nOlive Ridley Sea Turtle\nDid You Know?\nThe Olive Ridley is considered the most abundant sea turtles in the world.\nSea turtles are large, aquatic reptiles with forelimbs specially modified for swimming. These front flippers are significantly larger than the back flippers. Their shell is composed of two pieces, the top, or carapace, and the bottom, or plastron. In most sea turtle species, the shell is made up of bony plates covered with horny shields.\nThe Olive Ridley sea turtle is relatively small compared to other sea turtle species, averaging 100 pounds in weight and measuring 2–2.5 feet in length. It has a gray-green heart-shaped shell. This species has a greater and more varied number of plates along the back of its shell compared to other sea turtle species. Each flipper has 1–2 claws. The shell height and coloration varies by region.\nGrowth and Reproduction\nOlive Ridley sea turtles reach sexual maturity around 15 years of age. Once reaching maturity, females nest once or twice every year. Clutch size averages 100 eggs. In the breeding season, large groups of turtles gather in the waters just offshore of their nesting beaches. Simultaneously, all the turtles come ashore in huge numbers in what is known as an “arribada.” During arribadas, hundreds of thousands of females come ashore to dig their nests and lay their eggs. Not all females nest during the arribada. Some females nest alone or may practice a mixed strategy where they nest once during an arribada and once as a solitary nester in the same season.\nThe eggs incubate for 50–60 days. After incubation, hatchlings emerge from the nest and make their way to the water. These hatchlings are approximately 1.5 inches long and weigh less than an ounce. They are generally black and may have a green hue along their sides.\nOlive Ridley sea turtles feed on a wide variety of prey including lobster, crab, tunicates, mollusks, shrimp, and fish. They are also known to consume algae. This sea turtle is capable of diving up to 500 feet when foraging for benthic invertebrates.\nOlive Ridley sea turtles migrate each year between their pelagic foraging areas and coastal breeding and nesting grounds. These migrations can cover thousands of kilometers. They do not follow specific migration paths but disperse to different areas from the breeding grounds.\nRange and Habitat\nThe Olive Ridley sea turtle is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific, South Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. In the Eastern Pacific, they are found from Southern California to Northern Chile. In the South Atlantic they occur along the coasts of West Africa and South America. Though solitary nesting occurs on beaches throughout its range, arribadas occur on only a few beaches in the Eastern Pacific and Indian Oceans including beaches of Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and India. Though not common in Alaska, sea turtles do occasionally visit Alaska’s Gulf Coast waters. Olive Ridley sea turtles have been reported in Alaska three times between 1960 and 2007.\nThis sea turtle species is predominantly pelagic, inhabiting the waters of the open ocean, but can sometimes be foraging in coastal areas. The species moves to coastal waters during the breeding season, and females come ashore to lay their eggs.\nStatus, Trends, and Threats\nThe Olive Ridley sea turtle is the most abundant sea turtle in the world but also the most exploited. The current global population is much lower than its historical level. The Olive Ridley Mexico breeding populations are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). It is listed as threatened throughout the rest of its range. To learn more, visit the ADF&G Special Status page for Olive Ridley sea turtle.\nNatureServe: Global – G3 (Vulnerable)\nESA: Endangered (Mexico breeding populations), Threatened (All other populations)\nThere has been a 50% decline in the global population of Olive Ridley sea turtles since the 1960s. Though the overall trend is decline, some populations are stable or increasing. This decline is due to long-term historical harvest, incidental take in fisheries, and degradation or loss of nesting habitat.\nThe biggest threat to the Olive Ridley sea turtle is harvest. Their habit of coming ashore in incredible densities during arribadas makes them very vulnerable to overharvest. In many parts of the world their eggs are collected and the adults are killed for consumption. This practice prevents the recovery of the species and may lead to continued declines. Bycatch in fisheries is another major problem for Olive Ridley sea turtles. These turtles are frequently caught in trawls and longline gear. They may also become entangled in gill nets and purse seines causing them to drown. Loss of nesting habitat is also a threat.\n2–2.5 feet long, 80–110 pounds\nTropical and subtropical waters worldwide\nCrab, shrimp, rock lobster, jellyfish, tunicates, algae\nHatchlings – crabs, birds, and fish; Adults – terrestrial mammals\nNest 1–2 times each year either alone or in mass aggregations\nPacific Ridley sea turtle\nManaged by both the National Marine Fisheries Service and US Fish and Wildlife Service\nDid You Know?\n- The Olive Ridley sea turtle got its name from the olive color of its shell.\n- The Olive Ridley is considered the most abundant sea turtles in the world.\n- During arribadas, mass nesting events, thousands of Olive Ridley sea turtles come ashore within a few hours or days.\nHistorically, adult female Olive Ridley sea turtles and their eggs were harvested for consumption. A directed harvest for sea turtles and their eggs continues in many countries today. Their skin is also used for turtle leather.\nManagement of Olive Ridley sea turtles falls under the jurisdiction of both the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). NMFS is responsible for managing sea turtles at sea. When the turtles come ashore on the beaches to nest, they are the responsibility of USFWS. NMFS has implemented several fishery management measures to reduce sea turtle interactions with commercial fisheries including requiring turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on all trawl gear and the use of circle hooks in longline fisheries. The Olive Ridley sea turtle is protected under the Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles and the Endangered Species Act (ESA).\n- Turtles — Wildlife Notebook Series (PDF 72 kB)\n- Olive Ridley Sea Turtle — National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Resources\n- Olive Ridley Sea Turtle — US Fish and Wildlife Species Profile\n- Sea Turtle Protection Regulations — National Marine Fisheries Service", "label": "No"}
{"text": "How often should you water pepper plants?\nAs a gardener, I have asked myself this question many times.\nIt is something gardeners are constantly thinking about. Even when they don't realize it, how often should you water your pepper plants? Let's talk about it!\nHow often should you water pepper plants?\nGenerally, you should water your pepper plants once a week. However, this may need to be increased twice a week during the hot and dry summer months.\nIt's important to feel the soil with your fingers to determine when the plant needs water - if the soil feels dry, it indicates it needs water. You can also use a moisture meter to help you determine when to water the pepper plant.\nFrequency of watering pepper plant.\nWatering frequency for pepper plants relies on multiple factors, including the plant's size and stage of growth, the potting mix, temperature, humidity, and air circulation.\nThe frequency with which you water your pepper plants will depend on several factors, including the size and stage of growth of the plants, the type of potting mix you're using, the temperature and humidity levels, and the amount of air circulation around the plants.\nIn general, you'll need to water your pepper plants 1-2 times per week in the spring and fall and up to twice a day during the hottest summer months.\nMoisture meters can be a helpful tool in determining when your plants need water. Stick the meter into the soil around the plant and water when the meter indicates that the soil is dry.\nIf you spend the time to deeply and thoroughly water your plants, you'll need to water them less often. This is because the roots can easily access the water they need, and the plant will be less stressed during dry periods.\nHowever, keep in mind that deep watering may not be necessary or beneficial if you live in a wetter climate with a short or cooler growing season.\nIt is most efficient to use drip systems to water pepper plants, as they deliver water directly to the roots and minimize evaporation.\nWhat are some of the factors that affect how often you should water pepper plants?\nMany factors affect how often you'll need to water your pepper plant, so just check the soil moisture level first. Weather and sunlight are two important factors that affect how often you should water your pepper plant. The year's season also influences how often you should water your pepper plant, and spacing also affects how often you should water your pepper plant.\nSize and growth stage, potting mix, temperature, humidity, and air circulation affect how frequently your pepper plants will need to be watered.\nCheck the size and stage of growth of your pepper plants to determine how frequently they need to be watered. Temperature, container, fertilizer, and soil affect how frequently your pepper plants need to be watered. Overwatering your pepper plants can have major consequences on their growth and quality.\nHow much water do pepper plants need?\nExactly how much water a pepper plant needs because it depends on many factors, such as the size of the pot, the quality of the soil, and the plant's location. However, pepper plants do best in pots smaller than average and don't need as much water as bigger pots can hold.\nIf you pour too much water, the soil will lose its moisture quickly, and letting the peppers stay damp can be harmful.\nPepper plants need well-drained soil and mulch to help them absorb moisture. Do not water pepper plants as frequently outdoors as you would indoors or covered by shade.\nInstead, water them deeply and less often to encourage roots to grow deep into the soil in search of moisture. This will help the plant withstand drought conditions better.\nPepper plants generally require 1-2 inches of water per week.\nPepper plants require 1-2 inches of water per week. It is especially true when the weather is hot and dry. If you have recently received a lot of rainfall, your peppers likely don't need to be watered. When temperatures rise, however, the soil will dry out quickly, and bell peppers do not require frequent watering. It is preferable to water bell peppers less frequently rather than more frequently.\nWhat is the best way to water pepper plants?\nThe best way to water pepper plants will vary depending on the climate, soil type, and other factors. It is important to consult a gardener or gardening expert if you are unsure about how to water your pepper plants correctly.\nThe best way to water your pepper plants is to give them a deep watering about once a week so that the roots have a chance to grow deep and strong.\nThis is the best way to water your pepper plants because it allows the roots to grow deep and strong.\nDoes your pepper plant need more or less water?\nLooking at the leaves, you can tell if your pepper plant needs more or less water. If the leaves are wilted, then the plant needs more water. The plant needs less water if the leaves are black or have spots on them.\nIf the leaves of your plant are wilting or turning yellow, it may indicate that it needs more water. If the leaves are drooping or falling off, this could mean that the plant is getting too much water.\nSeveral things can be checked to determine if your pepper plants need water. If the leaves are wilting or turning yellow, it may indicate that the plant needs more water. If the leaves are drooping or falling off, this could mean that the plant is getting too much water.\nIf the plant is not growing, or if you see yellow leaves, this could also be an indication that the plant needs more water. To properly care for your pepper plants, you'll need to understand how they grow and what needs to be done to keep them healthy.\nIt is important to keep pepper plants well-watered, especially during the hot summer. Weeds can rob nutrients and water from pepper plants, so it is essential to combat them. In cool areas, black plastic mulch can speed the soil-warming process for an early planting start while combating weeds and preserving soil moisture.\nOrganic mulches, such as seed-free straw or grass clippings, can also prevent weeds and slow soil-moisture evaporation, but these are the best spread around the plants once the soil has warmed to about 75 degrees Fahrenheit.\nHow often should you water pepper plants? FAQs.\n1. Do I need to keep my container moist?\nYes, you need to check the soil each day to see how moist it is.\n2. How Much Water Should I Give My Peppers?\nDepending on your local weather, you may not need to water them more than once a week.\n3. What are the benefits of heavy watering?\nOccasional heavy watering can encourage deep root growth.\n4. What are the signs of early blight?\nSigns of early blight include black spots on the leaves and stem.\n5. How does water affect peppers?\nThe amount of water a pepper plant gets affects the amount of capsaicin it produces.\n6. What is the best way to water pepper plants in pots?\nDuring cooler weather and spring and fall, you may only need to water them every 2-3 days.\n7. What is the best way to water a pepper plant?\nIt's best to feel the top layer of soil to see if it's moist; if so, wait before watering.\n8. What are the best ways to grow peppers?\nPeppers grow well in large containers; you can grow peppers in any container if it's big enough, has well-draining soil, and has good drainage holes.\n9. What factors vary the pepper heat?\nHeat levels vary among hot peppers depending upon the growing conditions/weather/water.\nIn conclusion, pepper plants should be watered every other day. If the soil is dry, then it should be watered more frequently. However, if the pepper plants are in a pot, they need to be watered more often because the soil will dry out faster.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Here are additional materials and activities I have created for teaching Deutsche Welle Top-Thema module “Arbeiten trotz Rente“. The original Deutsche Welle materials can be accessed from the theme webpage, or the text and exercises (pdf) and audio (mp3) can be downloaded for offline use.\nIn the post Teaching with Deutsche Welle’s Top-Thema and Video Thema, I outline how I use these Deutsche Welle modules in an intermediate- to advanced-level courses with varied goals. Visit that page to see how my students begin to work with the materials Deutsche Welle provides. Here I am presenting and explaining the extension activities that I use after we have exhausted all of the excellent materials Deutsche Welle provides to accompany the text. Downloads of all exercises described below are linked at the bottom of the page.\nStudents match words from the text with German synonyms they may be more familar with.\nStudents work with other vocabulary from the text, referencing the article as necessary for context, to find the German synonym or definition that fits best. This is intended to be a speaking activity rather than a writing activity. Pairs of students should work together to come up with a satisfactory explanation or definition for each word or phrase. The context can be immensely helpful. Students should refer back to the text to establish meaning, if necessary.\nStudents sit together and work in pairs. The material progresses from content questions to more open ended discussion questions.\nAll three activities for “Arbeiten trotz Rente” are available as a single download in pdf-format: Arbeiten trotz Rente – Weitere Übungen\nAnd the original Deutsche Welle Top-Thema page in HTML, with audio and comprehension exercises, is here: “Arbeiten trotz Rente“.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Crisis in the capital of the Republic of South Africa\nThe Day Zero Drinking Water Day is set on April 12, 2018. And what then?\nThe capital city of South Africa has been experiencing the worst drought in the last hundred years. Many residents of Cape Town are asking how is this possible and why their government has not warned of a rising water shortage much sooner.\nThe Day of depletion of all natural drinking water sources, i.e. Day Zero, was set by the government on April 12, 2018. From 1 February, for all residents and visitors of the city there is a rule set and that is that they can use only 50 liters of water per day for their needs.\nDespite the threat of a high fine, up to half of the population failed to meet the original target of the city, which before February 1 was 87 liters of water per inhabitant per day.\nBehind this absence of water there is a catastrophic drought\nHowever, the measures are necessary. Cape Town faces the consequences of a catastrophic drought that only comes once in 384 years. According to experts, the level of drinking water was reduced in three consecutive dry years. Among other things, those factors are also responsible for this situation:\nhigh concentration of people\nand a rapidly changing global climate\nSince 1995, the population of the capital has increased by 79%, but drinking water sources have increased by only 15% during the same period.\nOne of the largest drinking water sources of the capital city is Theewaterskloof dam which was almost completely dry in February 2018.\nUsed cooking water is reused for irrigation of gardens\nAs the CNN informed, many people recycle water as much as possible. The garden irrigation uses water used in the kitchen and bathroom, pools fill saltwater, shower every other day or drink water from the supermarket.\nThe general panic among the people is provoking quaint situations. People are buying large plastic bags for water capture and storage, the well drills are set up in the shops and the merchants limit the amount of bottled water per person.\nThis situation among experts raises concerns about the increase in waste of disposable plastics, whose consumption is growing every year.\nMany citizens fill large tanks with water and store it at home. In town, long queues create in front of public water taps.\nForecasts for Cape Town are unfavorable\nThe government plans to shut down the water taps definitively on 11 May. Consumption of the population will be further decreased to 25 liters of water per day. They will be able to get it from 149 public water sources located nearby. 4.3 million people will thus have to experience unimaginably hard conditions for life.\nCape Town is not the only area dealing with a significant climate change this year. Before it, huge droughts and fires were also fought by Australia and California.\nIn our mild climate zone we don´t see such extreme dry conditions yet. However, it is necessary not to forget that the climate is changing at a rapid pace and so something similar can take place in Europe in a few decades. It is therefore important to think about the consequences already today.\nWater can be saved in many ways and you do not have to pay \"fortune\". Contact us about your own wastewater treatment plant today and we guarantee that you will be thinking of the future influenced by turbulent global warming without fear.\nThese are the 4 most common problems associated with the sewage treatment plant and its operation. How to deal with them?\nA wastewater treatment plant is not a nuclear power plant but still you can encounter some difficulties when operating it.\nGlobal climate change is largely threatening water supplies and scientists warn of the catastrophic consequences of our carelessness.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Use of biogas\nUse of biogas to produce electric or thermal energy\nThe by-product of anaerobic treatment is a high-energy biogas which can be combusted in its own boiler room or possibly fed to the central boiler in the factory.\nWith larger volumes of biogas produced it is advantageous to install a cogeneration unit. It can provide a combined use of biogas for electricity and heat generation. By cleaning your wastewater you will get clean, environmentally friendly energy that will help you reduce your operating costs.\nLooking for a similiar solution?\nIf you are looking for a solution we can provide or you need to get in touch with us, please fill in a form bellow and we will get back to you shortly.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Data processing with MapReduce\nYou need to process lots of data (more than 1 TB)? You want to parallelise across hundreds or thousands of CPUs and you want to make this easy? You need MapReduce for large-scale parallel data processing. You have lower demands? No problem. MapReduce can do that too\nLinux User & Developer, one of the nation’s favourite Linux and Open Source publications, is now part of the award winning Imagine Publishing family. Readers can subscribe and save more than 30% and receive our exclusive money back guarantee – click here to find out more.\nDon’t forget to follow us on Twitter or get your first digital copy of the magazine for iPhone and iPad free – just search for ‘Linux User’ on the app store now!\nGoogle uses MapReduce everywhere for processing huge datasets using a large number of nodes, eg to run PageRank. The MapReduce programming model borrows from functional programming and implements two basic functions: Map and Reduce. Before the map phase can start, the input data is structured in (key, value) pairs.\nMap: The master node splits the input into smaller sub-problems and distributes these to the worker nodes. The worker nodes process the smaller problems and pass them back to their master node.\nReduce: The master node takes the answers of the sub-problems and combines them in a way that the original problem is answered.\nThe Map functions, creating different intermediate values from different input data sets, run in parallel. The Reduce functions also run in parallel, each working on a different output key. All values are processed independently. There is just a single bottleneck. The reduce phase can’t start until the map phase is completely finished.\nWhile MapReduce is the name of the patented software framework and algorithm used by Google, various open source implementations exist. Hadoop is a re-implementation of Google’s proprietary software infrastructure. The Hadoop project was started in 2004 by Doug Cutting and is written in Java. Hadoop re-implements the Google software infrastructure as an open source ecosystem of services to process large-scale data.\nHadoop implements the parallel programming model MapReduce as open source. Hadoop includes its own file system, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). But various file systems are supported, including the Amazon S3 file system and CloudStore. Hadoop also includes a BigTable-model database called HBase, the programming environment Pig and much more. Hadoop can be used for lots of applications, such as distributed grep and sort, document clustering, log file analysis and various kinds of statistics.\nThe largest Hadoop cluster is run by Yahoo! and consists of 4.000 nodes with 32.000 cores with 64TB of RAM and 16PB of storage. Also, Amazon with its Amazon Web Services, is involved in the MapReduce topic. With Amazon Elastic MapReduce the user can easily start a Hadoop cluster (master and slaves) inside Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). The Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) serves as the source for the data being analysed, and the results are also copied over to S3.\nYou want your own Hadoop installation at home? Try Cloudera. Its free Hadoop distribution is easy to install and run on top of all up-to-date Linux distributions, inside VMware or inside the Amazon Web Services.\nClick here to see what else featured in issue 87 of Linux User & Developer magazine…", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Thousands of ships fitted with ‘cheat water treatment devices‘ cause ocean pollution and violate emissions regulations\nAll ships are required to reduce air pollution by using cleaner fuel by 2020. The owners started to adjust; however, not as expected.\nSo-called scrubbers discharge a liquid and pump it into the ocean. The ship owners satisfy the emissions regulations, but on the other hand, such a solution has a damaging effect on water and seal life.\nIn compliance with the regulation imposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), all ships are required to reduce air pollution by using cleaner fuel by 2020.\nIn practice, the sulphur content in the fuel must be cut from 3.50% to 0.50%. To comply with the regulation, the ship owners install a special ‘emissions cheat’ system on a grand scale.\nHow to get around the regulations\nA report published by the Nature says 400,000 premature deaths a year are caused as a result of maritime transport. The maritime transport causes lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases as well as asthma.\nAs a response to these findings, the International Maritime Organization introduced a regulation binding all ship owners to use cleaner fuel with a lower sulphur content from 1 January 2020. As the end of 2019 approaches, the owners started to adjust; however, not as expected.\nInstead of buying cleaner fuel complying with the standards, they install a cheating systems called open-loop scrubbers. These scrubbers are placed mainly in the heating oil-propelled vessels.\nExample of an open-loop scrubber. Retrieved from: Stwengineering.com\nThe fuel contains sulphur which is washed in the scrubber. As a by-product, a liquid containing harmful substances is released during the process. Furthermore, the installation of scrubbers increases the fuel consumption by about 2 per cent. And there is more!\nThe major concern is that the discharged liquid is pumped into the ocean from the scrubber, posing a risk to water and sea life. The non-profit organization International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) estimates that for every ton of fuel burned, each ship creates around 45 tons of contaminated, acidic ocean water, filled with carcinogens and heavy metals.\nThousands of violators\nThe exhaust gas cleaning systems have been installed in 3,756 vessels so far. Only 65 of them have been outfitted with closed-loop scrubbers which prevent the discharge into the ocean. Other 677 vessels have been equipped with hybrid scrubbers which can open and close the loop.\nThe owners of ships for bulk cargo, container ships, and oil tankers were most interested in buying these ‘special devices‘. These ships have engines with the highest performance which makes them the strongest polluters.\nLucy Gilliam, an environmental campaigner, said in an interview for the Independent that increasing volumes of wastewater will create toxic sediment. In her opinion, in the North Sea and the English Channel, the water quality has already been heavily degraded, having an adverse effect on sea life.\nCruise ships which also “followed this trend” are a particular concern. “About half of the world’s roughly 500 cruise ships have or will soon have scrubbers installed,” says Bryan Comer, a researcher at ICCT. The cruise ships operate in some of the most beautiful and pristine areas on the planet, making this all the more concerning.\nInvestment with high return\nOpen-loop scrubbers cost between £1.6m and £8.1m per ship. The final price depends on the vessel. According to Bryan Comer’s estimations, if £2.4m per ship are spent to install scrubbers, this dishonest action will cost £9.7bn in total. The Guardian’s analysis suggests the cost of buying and fitting a scrubber would be recovered in the first year.\nThis means that the ship owners would rather buy a cheating device and avoid paying for cleaner fuel of $300 to $500 a ton.\nIt would be smarter to use the resources for technological enhancements to ensure zero emissions.\nMaybe not the best but certainly more reasonable action would be to install the above mentioned closed-loop scrubbers which store and discharge the harmful substances into special devices in port. Ned Molloy, an analyst, finds this solution an “environmental dodge” for they still produce waste.\nThe Dutch organization’s goal is to clean the world’s 1,000 most polluting rivers by 2025.\nFor several months, Hydrotech has intensively dealt with pilot plant testing of food industry waste water with high concentrations of organic...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Mumps-like symptoms have surfaced in recent days. They include the swelling of salivary glands along with fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness and loss of appetite.\nOfficials are trying to determine the possible source of infection.\nThe health department says mumps is spread by droplets of saliva or mucus, usually when the infected person coughs, sneezes or talks.\nThe virus can also be spread to those who share items used by the infected person, such as cups.\nHealth officials say 20 of the possible cases are adults, and 21 of the 22 infected people have been either a patron or an employee of D'Jais in Belmar in the last several weeks.\n\"The medical professionals advised these individuals to be on bed rest, increase their fluid intake and take steps to reduce their fever,\" said County public health coordinator Michael Meddis.\nD'Jais said it would not be open on Friday and Saturday as a precaution and out of concern for its employees and the public.\nPeople who were vaccinated with the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine, as an infant and again between the ages of 4 and 6, are 90 percent less likely to contract mumps, according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).\nIf you have mumps, or most other illnesses, there are several things you can do to help prevent spreading the virus to others:\nOther recommendations are:\nMore information about mumps is available from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention website at http://www.cdc.gov/mumps/index.html", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Temperate Database is in the process of being updated, with new records being added and old ones being checked and brought up to date where necessary. This record has not yet been checked and updated.\nCommon Name: Panicled Bulrush\nScirpus microcarpus is a perennial plant that can grow up to 1.50 metres tall.\nIt is harvested from the wild for local use as a food, medicine and source of materials.\nWestern N. America.\nWet low ground in lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains[\n]. Marshes, moist meadows and ditches from sea level to 2900 metres[\nWe have very little information on this species and do not know if it will be hardy in Britain, though judging by its native range it should succeed outdoors in most parts of this country. The following notes are based on the general needs of the genus.\nSucceeds in any wet to moisture retentive ground, pond margins and shallow water in full sun or shade[\nRoot - raw or cooked[\n]. Rich in starch.\nStem. Peeled and eaten raw or cooked[\nStem base - raw or cooked[\n]. Rich in protein, it can be added to flour when making bread, cakes etc.\nSeed. A nutty flavour[\n]. The seed is rather small and fiddly to harvest and utilize.\nA poultice of the pounded roots has been used as a treatment for abscesses[\nAn infusion of the plant, combined with blue flag (Iris spp), has been used as a gargle for sore throats[\nThe leaves have been used in the bottom portion of baskets[\nSeed - sow in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe in a pot standing in 3cm of water. Only just cover the seed with soil[\n]. The seed usually germinates fairly quickly. Prick out the plants when large enough to handle and plant out in their permanent positions in early summer.\nDivision in spring. Very easy, larger divisions can be planted out direct into their permanent positions. We have found it best to pot up the smaller divisions and grow them on in a lightly shaded position in a cold frame, planting them out once they are well established in the summer.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "5 More Foods We Could Lose to Climate Change\nOctober 22, 2019 | Created by: Andreas Klippe\nWe had written about how we could lose coffee due to climate change. But, our caffeine fix isn’t the only thing in danger. Ecosystems are so diverse and interdependent that if you assume that other food items are also in danger, you would be right! If you ever needed more motivation to become more eco-friendly, here are 5 more food items we could lose due to climate change.\nRice is one of humankind’s earliest attempts at agriculture and one of its oldest food sources. We literally have been growing it for thousands of years, how could it suddenly be in danger?\nAccording to the UN, climate change is one of the main culprits. Rising temperatures, rising sea levels, and changes in rain patterns have all affected rice production. This comes as very bad news for the 35 countries that are classified as highly to very highly dependent on rice for caloric consumption; as well as countries where the proliferation of rice is done for hunger reduction and poverty alleviation.\nNewer disaster-resilient variants of rice have been endorsed to and by farmers, however it comes with a price. Without proper conservation and storage, modern rice variants threaten heritage and traditional rice variants.\nWest Africa has 3 out of the top 7 producers of cacao beans, from which we get chocolate. The Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Nigeria produced a combined 3.2 million out of the 5.2 million tons of cacao consumed in 2017.\nCacao trees are fairly sensitive to their environment. With the growth suitability of cacao trees moving to higher altitudes, the plains of West Africa where most cacao is currently grown are slowly becoming incompatible. To make matters worse, moving cacao plantations to higher altitudes will mean forest clearing, aggravating the effects of climate change.\nWest African cacao farmers have been urged to diversify their crops, while cacao production has spread to other countries. As cacao trees take years before pods are harvested, a dip in chocolate supply is very much expected.\nNext to water, tea is the most consumed beverage in the world. Tea can be consumed hot or cold, sweet or bitter, and most teas have health benefits. No wonder it’s so popular!\nIn 2016, up to 55 million tons of tea were consumed worldwide. Most of the world’s tea supply comes from South China and India, both of which are prone to drought and increasingly irregular weather patterns. Now, climate change threatens world tea supplies and even the health benefits of tea. Insects and pests previously inactive have also come in tea-producing regions.\nRising temperatures are not only dangerous for tea plants but also tea farmers, who pick tea leaves by hand.\nAnother one of the most enjoyed beverages in the world: beer is so historic that laws have been written regarding its regulation and brewing. Quality ingredients are fundamental for brewing great beer. It is so important that in 1516, the Bavarian Purity law or Reinheitsgebot was written to standardize the ingredients for beer and it is still in effect to this day.\nBarley, one of the basic ingredients of beer, provides alcohol and flavor. So unless you like tasteless non-alcoholic beer, you need to concern yourself with an incoming shortage of barley due to ruined crops. Barley crops suffered both extreme cold and heat in 2019, creating short- and long-term supply problems. Scientists, however, are confident with a newly developed drought-resistant strain of barley.\nYour sweets are definitely in trouble because bee populations are dwindling. Bee populations worldwide have been in significant decline since 2006 due to colony collapse, a disorder where worker bees leave their queen. Urbanization, viruses, fungi, insecticides, and climate change have all contributed to the attrition.\nAs major pollinators, the loss of bees affect the baseline of agriculture, both wild and domestic. Bees are so important, our food supply as a species heavily depend on them. To counter this, some farmers have taken to renting bees. And while domestic beekeeping has become more accessible, wild bees should be equally valued as diseases from domestic bees have been spreading to wild bees.\nThose are 5 foods we could lose in the future due to climate change, there are a lot more others. Check the internet if your favorite food is safe from climate change and let us know on Facebook, Twitter, or email us!\nWe’ll review more aspects of climate change and flood-readiness in the future. To make sure you see them, sign up for the Flood Control Asia newsletter.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Not all people are familiar with hoists and cranes, but they are, practically, lifting equipments. Construction industries use different kinds of hoists and cranes everyday to alleviate the burden in lifting heavy materials. By using these special equipments, their ‘lifting’ tasks will be finished effortlessly, saving time and energy. To have a better understanding of these things, you should know what hoist and cranes are, and how it is being used.\nA hoist is a helpful device that is used for lifting/lowering loads. This is usually done by means of a barrel or a drum where a chain or a rope can be wrapped around. A hoist can be manually or electrically operated, it can also be pneumatically driven using a chain and wire/fiber rope as lifting medium.\nCranes are used commonly in construction/ manufacturing industry. These are temporary structures, and is either fixed or mounted. Cranes are usually operator-controlled and some of them are operated by using a push-button control-station or a radio/infrared remote control.\nCranes have several types, to name are:\n- Telescopic crane has a boom consisting of different fitted-tubes that resides inside each other. The tube retracts or extends by hydraulic mechanism that increases or decreases the main boom’s length.\n- Tower crane is fixed to the ground. The combination of lifting capacity and height are great characteristics of a tower crane. It is used for building skyscrapers and tall buildings.\n- Rough-terrain cranes are mounted usually on an undercarriage with 4 rubber tires designed for carry and pick up operations.\n- Truck-mounted cranes are mounted on a rubber-tire truck. The truck drives around to achieve maximum portability.\n- The crawler crane is a mounted crane that has its own set of tracks that provides mobility and stability.\n- Loader cranes are used for loading or unloading goods; this is fitted to a trailer. It has different jointed-sections that can be folded when the crane is not in use.\n- Suspended or overhead crane are usually mounted on the assembly area’s side. It has a hoist on a trolley, moving is a certain direction at a right angle along 1 or 2 beams.\n- A stacker crane has a similar mechanism as that of a forklift. It is being used in automated warehouses, most especially in hazardous environments so that workers don’t need to tolerate such harsh conditions.\nHoists and cranes are tremendous-aids in safe and efficient lifting and/or material-handling operations. Hoists and cranes are properly engineered for a powerful, reliable and efficient operation.\nThese powerful lifting equipments need proper maintenance, in order to provide excellent and reliable service. Proper selection is essential before making any critical decision. When purchasing hoists and crane products, answer the following questions before you place an order:\n- What type of lower or upper hook do you need?\n- What are you lifting or moving?\n- Is overhead protection or indicator required?\n- How much is the weight of the load?\n- How much lifting is required\n- Do you need a short or a long handle?\nIf you are able to answer the following questions, now is the time to look for hoists and crane suppliers. There are a lot of manufacturers available in the market ready to provide the equipment you need. You can choose from the best lifting-equipment providers.\nConsider costs but not to the extent of sacrificing the quality of the equipment. Safety in the workplace should be your number one concern. If you buy low quality equipments, chances are they won’t last long or can even cause accidents.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This new animation function is a new addition to the searchable map at the heart of www.reegle.info. With this map, users can click on a specific country and get the latest events, news, and a sampling of green energy development projects in that area. There is also a catalogue of stakeholders and an energy-oriented profile of the relevant country, and information on local green energy policies and regulations.\n“This new animation tool really helps make European renewable energy and energy efficiency trends much more accessible”, says Florian Bauer, the site’s Product Manager. “Over time, we will be looking to expand the geographic range of the animation feature, and also will look at bringing in renewable resource potential. It’s an exciting way to help change perceptions visually.”\nThe reegle website also has a news feed integrating stories from ten of the leading environmental, energy efficiency and renewable energy news sites, which makes reegle the logical first stop for anyone needing a quick overview of the latest green energy developments. Taken together, the news feed, the animation, the map search function, a web search function and a compiled catalogue of key actors make the website the most comprehensive public information resource for renewable and energy efficiency available online. There is also a clean energy blog that offers thoughtful opinions on the latest developments in renewable energy and energy efficiency.\nreegle is a public online resource provided by REEEP (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership) and REN21 (Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century), funded by the British Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (MINVROM) and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (BMLFUW).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Indian farmers dread the future wherein the nation refuses to acknowledge the distinction between increasing agricultural production and economic sustainability of farmers.\nThe challenges facing Indian agriculture are unique worldwide. In the words of William Shakespeare, tis true, 'tis pity, and pity 'tis, 'tis true that we are trying to feed 17 per cent of the world population with barely 2.4 per cent of the arable area, 4.2 per cent water and 11 per cent livestock. Around 60 per cent of Indian farms are rain-fed and only on 45 per cent of the land do farmers plant more than one crop a year. Compounded by climate change implications for tropical areas, the task for Indian farmers appears daunting, indeed.\nAlthough the country's population may stabilise by 2040, improved prosperity is leading to a much higher proportionate increase in food demand, especially for proteins, while the demand for cereals will stabilise sooner than other food items.\nAn iconic democracy of the world has ironic allocation of funds. Whereas the government expenditure on MGNREGA is Rs 40,000 crore and the food subsidy expenditure of Rs 60,000 crore is likely to rise to Rs 1,00,000 crore with the enactment of the Right to Food Bill, the budget for the Agriculture Ministry is a paltry Rs 15,000 crore. Therefore a mammoth 55 per cent of India contributes to 14 per cent of the GDP while the minuscule 1.5 per cent employed in the automobile sector will contribute to about the same in a few years. Such lopsided policies that overlook agriculture are forcing the rural youth to migrate to cities. Just as the investment in Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana was the best initiative for increasing farmers' sustainability and promoting inclusive growth, investments are required in developing agriculture infrastructure and R&D.\nPreconceived notions need to change, too. The fertiliser subsidy bill of Rs 60,000 crore is supposedly meant for farmers while it is actually used to keep the cost of food low for consumers at large. Feminisation of Indian agriculture is even less understood. While more than 70 per cent of farm workers are women, less than two per cent participate in the decision-making process. Financial institutions also need to be pulled up and made accountable for hoodwinking the nation by fudging the agriculture lending portfolio data, whereby only 10 per cent of small and marginal farmers -- comprising 85 per cent of total farmers -- have access to farm credit.\nFood inflation is another problem area. The government will be able to reduce it to acceptable limits if transparency is introduced in the pricing mechanism, along with real-time market intelligence and market reforms, rather than allowing the licence raj of the mandis to continue fleecing the farmers as well as consumers.\nLike India, farming has its paradoxes. India is the world's second-largest producer of fruit and vegetables and leads in the production of peas and okra. It is the largest producer of fruits such as mangoes, bananas, papayas and pomegranates. Despite this, India lags behind global average yields for most crops.\nThat apart, there are big gaps even between the yields of different farmers in the same areas, more so between university laboratories and farms in different states. This offers immense hope for increasing yields substantially at every level to meet the nation's food requirements. Just as in the Green Revolution of the 1960s, better technology, better seeds and better inter-governmental coordination is required.\nBut over-regulation and ill-conceived policies enforced by urban electorate is killing the agriculture revolution. Through the stress of circumstances, the farmer is not allowed to grow in his areas of core competence. His choice is limited. The magic pill to solve such problems would be extension services - the act of transferring existing knowledge to farmers. Only via a combination of science and traditional practices, and the use of biotechnology and precision farming can we meet goals of diversification and demand.\nAs farmers, we are optimistic people. We sow with nothing more than hope of timely rains and adequate production. Even when we manage a good harvest, the monopoly of malicious traders and ill-conceived policies deny us remunerative prices. Government initiatives in the recent past have focused on reducing prices for urban consumers, rather than making farming a profitable enterprise. We understand the government's compulsions in making food affordable for consumers. But this should not be at the cost of the farming community, as has happened in the recent past.\nIn spite of myriad difficulties, farmers will meet national targets of food production. But will the nation be willing to make farming a profitable profession?\nThe author is Chairman, Bharat Krishak Samaj\nREAD OTHER COLUMNS ON\nBy Viren Rasquinha\nBy Nimesh Shah & Sandhya Sadanand\nBy Santosh Padhi\nBy Ronnie Screwvala\nBy Kartikeya V. Sarabhai\nBy K. Venkatesh\nBy E Sreedharan\nBy Dr Abhay Bang\nBy Jayant Sinha\nBy Herminia Ibarra\nBy Shiv Nadar\nBY Adhil Shetty\nBy Arvind Subramanian\nBy Bimal Jalan\nBy TV Mohandas Pai\nBy Sasha Mirchandani\nBy RA Mashelkar\nBy MGK Menon\nBy Paranjoy Guha Thakurta\nBY B.V. Rao\nBy Chhavi Rajawat\nBy Somnath Chatterjee", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The construction site is obviously one of the most accident-prone places. The presence of machines, equipment and materials, and the activity of men make it an inherently risky place. In some cases, accidents also occur when harmful chemicals or substances come in contact with equipment that can lead to fires or explosions.\nAccording to Department and Labor statistics, construction accidents occur more frequently than many believed. Some of the most common injuries include sprains, bruises, cuts strains, contusions, lacerations, heat burns, amputations, carpal tunnel syndrome, fractures, and tendonitis.\nWhile most of these injuries are not fatal, they can lead to long-term unemployment or a disability condition such as spinal cord injury, severe burn, and in worst cases, death. With these, the victims are entitled to file their legal actions with the help of their construction liability attorneys.\nThe real estate boom, which gave rise to the construction of residential homes, commercial buildings, and roads, has also contributed to the incidental increase in the number of accidents and resulting injuries in the past years.\nParticularly in Los Angeles and other areas in California, the following construction accidents commonly occur:\n- Falls from ladders, roofs and scaffolding\n- Injuries caused by falling debris or materials\n- Scaffolding collapse accidents\n- Falling material or debris\n- Accidents caused by contact with electrical wires\n- Open trenches\n- Nail gun accidents and puncture injuries\n- Forklift and crane accidents\n- Delivery truck accidents\n- Injuries to pedestrians\nSome accidents may be preventable. In construction sites, the wearing of hard hats and other protective clothing are required as part of safety measures. And despite strict safety laws, thousands are still injured or get killed due to construction site accidents.\nNevertheless, to minimize the risk of accident in the construction site, here are important things to consider:\n1. Develop a formal, written accident prevention program – An accident prevention program must suit the needs of your particular workplace or operation and to the types of hazards involved. This is an outline of your safety and health plan or an injury prevention program.\n2. Make sure your accident prevention program has the following elements:\n- A description of your total safety and health program\n- How to report unsafe conditions, hazards and practices\n- The use and care of required personal protective equipment (PPE)\n- How to exit the workplace during emergencies\n- Identification of hazardous gases, chemicals, or materials used and instruction about its safe use\n- Emergency action to take after accidental exposure to substances or chemicals\n3. Develop and supervise the implementation of your safety and health training programs to make it effective in practice\n4. Enforce the training program to improve the employees’ skill, awareness, and competency in the occupational safety and health.\n5. Train workers and employees before being assigned to their job, which may also include on-the-job safety instructions on the use of the following:\n- Powered materials-handling equipment such as forklifts, backhoes, etc.\n- machine tool operations\n- How to handle toxic materials\n- The use and operation of utility systems\nHowever, in most cases, accidents are caused by violations of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OSHA). And under California law, a violation of safety law can be used as evidence of negligence in construction site accident cases.\nIf you were injured in a construction site accident in Los Angeles, for instance, and you need to claim for your injuries, it is very vital for you to seek the aid of an attorney to support your in filing a lawsuit.\nFor better chances of winning your construction liability claim, consult our competent personal injury attorneys. Just complete our free case evaluation form found on our website and we will take care of your legal worries.\nBefore becoming an online writer, Manuel worked as a journalist, a newspaper columnist, a scriptwriter, a fiction writer, a magazine editor, and a tutor. He acquired his legal background as a Senate legislative officer and later on, as a researcher and paralegal staff in various law offices. Someday he hoped to go back and devote more time to writing fiction, which is his first passion.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Conditions and Diseases: Genitourinary Disorders: Kidney: Glomerulonephritis\nthe entire directory\nonly this category\nConditions and Diseases\nInformation about acute glomerulonephritis, an introduction, clinical including the symptoms and causes, treatment, medications and follow up.\nGlomerulonephritis and Toxic Exposure\nThe crucial role of chemical exposure, written by Uffe Ravnskov, MD, PhD. Includes an introduction, causes and many more related subjects.\nAn overview of Acute glomerulonephritis including the causes, symptoms, diagnoses and treatment.\nGlomerulonephritis, a description with a look at the symptoms and signs, the causes and medication. Also some resources for further research.\nA brief definition of glomerulonephritis, followed by links to research articles, clinical trials, case reports, images and slides.\nAdam.com: An Overview\nRapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis, a description, alternate names, the causes, incidence and risk factors.\nAustralian Kidney Factsheets\nDetails about glomerulonephritis and glomeruli and their damaged effects. Explains who gets this disease and how it is diagnosed, treatment, and prognosis.\nDrkoop.com: Medical Encyclopedia: Glomerulonephritis\nCauses, prevention, symptoms, tests and treatment.\nADD A LINK\nMODIFY A LINK\nHosted by www.PremiumHostingService.com\nWebsite Design by MIRO - www.miroweb.com", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sand dunes are stunning examples of nature's artistry, and they aren't just found on Earth. This stunning set of images shows they can be found on other planets too — specifically Mars. You can see how the winds that whip across the surface of the Red Planet have sculpted a huge variety of sizes and shapes, just as winds do the same on our own planet. The dunes seen here in Noachis Terra (the name literally means “Noah's Land”) are a perfect example of this.\nJust as with some dunes here on Earth, the wind moves the dunes on the floor of the Herschel crater downwind until their shape gets elongated to the point of merging with dunes beside them. To put the icing on this geological cake, nature decorates the tops of these dunes with delicate ripples and scallop shapes.\nA vast vertical rock face divides the area between the layered northern polar deposits and the more southerly lands where the dunes reside. You can see their ripple effect at the bottom of the image, where they're covered in frozen carbon dioxide even though it's the Martian spring.\nYou'd be forgiven for thinking this was a close-up image of reptilian skin, or even the tissue of some gruesomely infected body part. You might, then, be surprised to find out that it is, in fact, an image of Martian polar sand dunes. The white is frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice) and the darker flecks are composed of basaltic sand. During Martian spring the ice sublimates (meaning it turns directly to gas without ever melting into liquid), which brings some of this dark sand up to lie on the surface of the ice. Scientists believe that these deposits formed at the same time, due to the fact that they're all in similar shapes and directions.\nThis stunning image of the Victoria Crater shows that beauty can even be created by a devastating cosmic event. The edge patterns are from debris falling from the sides into the crater and the neat pool of ripples in the center are sand dunes covering the floor.\nNamibia has some of the highest and largest sand dunes in the world. This image from ASTER (the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) shows Northern Namibian dunes, which are often colored red, running in eerily-ordered patterns across the entire expanse.\nThe Thar Desert is a huge expanse in Northwest India and Eastern Pakistan. The sand dunes are prone to shifting due to high-velocity winds, which has caused problems when the sand dunes have shifted and blocked roadways. Some effort has been made to stop this by planting trees and shrubs, which give the dunes more structural stability with their roots.\nThe carbonate sand dunes in Tarpum Bay, Bahamas look like beautiful blue satin in shallow waters. The erosion of limestone coral reefs supply the sand that is then carved into the soft patterns by the ocean current.\nThe Richat structure in Mauritania's Sahara Desert is known for its resemblance to an eye, but it's also well known for its large fields of sand dunes. In this image you can see that the dunes stop before the cliff on the right hand side as winds from the northeast clear sand from the base of the cliff. It's incredible how this image looks so otherworldly but is, in fact, on Earth. It certainly wouldn't be out of place on the cover of a sci-fi novel.\nThis may look like an impressionist's study of a lake but in actuality, it is an image of barchan sand dunes in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Barchan dunes are arc-faced and have two horns on the downwind side. You can tell the winds are from the west in this section from the direction of the dunes.\nThe Bodele sand dunes in Chad, Africa are used by scientists to calculate the speed at which sand dunes migrate. This information is often used to understand the impact wind has on dry landscapes. Images are taken in increments of anything between one month and 6.5 years and have proved that these dunes are among the fastest moving on Earth!\nThis is another image of Mars that shows dark basalt sand dunes in a crater. As the ice-covered dunes defrost, the underlying basalt is exposed. The defrosting is simply frozen carbon dioxide changing to gas as the Martian spring warms the surface.\nBoth light-toned bedrock and darker material containing sand dunes appear in this image, which looks astonishingly like the wall of a cave. It is the Ganges Mensa on Mars, and scientists use images like this to determine the strengths and age of surface material. Impact craters are more apparent in the veneer of sand dunes than the bedrock below, which is smoother — an apparent paradox, as the bedrock has to be older than the sand layer. The answer lies in the structure of the bedrock: It crumbles more easily, and impact craters are smoothed over faster than in the sand.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "There are many ways you can\nrepresent, and expose children to brain teasers, here are a few suggestions:\n1. Teachers can provide a brainteaser to get mental juices flowing in the morning activities. This practice creates an atmosphere of learning and helps students get ready to learn and into a mind frame that is conducive to learning.\n2. By the middle of a school day, students often begin to tire.\nTeachers can use brain teasers as a refocus break between long\nstretches of work.\n3. Parents can encourage family puzzle solving. Encourage family game night\nby providing kids with puzzles that they can complete with all the family. This\npractice creates an opportunity for family together time and allows students to\ndemonstrate their masterful puzzle solving abilities to their loved ones.\n4. As kids become more adept at the solving of\nbrainteasers, engage them in discussing how they solved each puzzle. Prompt students with questions such as \"What did you do\nfirst?\" or \"How did you reach that answer?\"\n5. Teachers can use brainteasers as a means of evaluating student\nunderstanding by creating puzzles that are directly related to the curriculum.\n6. Once kids are familiar with various puzzle forms, allow them to create\nPuzzles, teasers and\nbrain games can liven up any lesson and encourage students' active engagement\nin the learning process, try and use\nthem as much as you can.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Hurricane Dorian was the strongest storm to ever hit the Bahamas, on top of the fact that Dorian is now tied with the “Labor Day Hurricane of 1935” for the strongest Atlantic storm to hit land, with wind speeds in the 185 mph range. Now we are just seeing the damage that has been done to Abaco and the Great Bahama islands, with pictures showing tens of thousands of homes businesses destroyed and gone. An unknown number of people dead, with families still searching for their loved ones, and a clean up and rebuilding process that may take years, maybe decades, before the islands return to their former glory.\nThe ecosystem of the country has also taken a huge hit as scientists are concerned and worried about the Bahamian pineyards, which hosted many animals whose species are fighting for survival, including the critically endangered Bahama Nuthatch that only had two living specimens before Dorian. Hurricane Matthew in 2016 damaged the species’ population. The Bahama Warbler and Kirtland’s Warbler are also thought to be in danger after the storm.\nWe asked the question about why this happened, and why did the storm just slow down and pound the Bahamas as it did for three days straight? In the recent National Climate Assignment, it was found that due to climate change over time, hurricanes and cyclones are only bound to get much larger and powerful, along with other recent research from the NPJ Climate and Atmospheric Science finding that these same storms are bound to take a similar path compared to Hurricane Dorian. A slow down that leads to the hurricane and cyclones having a near stoppage over land, leading to destruction levels equal to if you just dropped a bomb in the area every hour over a few days.\nWe still need to look into the connection between hurricanes and climate change, but longer-lasting storms as powerful as Dorian, which by the way is still a category 1 hurricane heading towards Canada as of press time, is something we don’t need for our planet. Most of us already know the blueprint for helping our planet, so why not use the plans? We mourn over the Bahamas, and thoughts are with the families that lost everything. If you want to donate to help the people of the Bahamas, the Red Cross and Salvation Army websites are taking donations along with the government of the Bahamas taking direct donations as well.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "An engine hoist is a device used to remove and install an engine in a passenger car or truck. Commonly referred to as a cherry picker, one of the most used engine hoist designs commonly uses a hydraulic cylinder attached to a steel frame with a hook hanging down from the top. An adjustable upper boom allows the engine hoist’s reach potential to be adjusted, while optional folding legs allow the tool to be stored against a wall or out of the way when not in use. Other versions of the hoist consist of chain falls, come-along pullers and electric cable hoist.\nTo complete many different types of automobile engine or transmission repairs, the engine must often be removed from the vehicle. This is accomplished through the use of an engine hoist. On many vehicles, once the engine is disconnected from the chassis mounts, electrical harness and other fluid lines, an engine hoist can be attached to the engine by a lifting bracket or chains and lifted up and out of the vehicle. On many front-wheel drive vehicles, however, the engine requires removal from underneath the chassis. In this situation, the body is commonly blocked in an elevated position while the engine is lowered out of the chassis by an engine hoist.\nWhen an overhead beam, tree limb or rafters are available, the come-along hoist, chain falls or electric cable winch can often be used to pull or replace an engine. When there is no overhead support present, the cherry picker is the best tool for the job. One set-back for the cherry picker is that the use of this type of engine hoist requires a solid floor in which to operate on. Soft ground will allow the picker’s wheels or casters to sink into the ground, preventing the cherry picker from easily being pulled out and away from the vehicle with the engine suspended in air.\nThe cherry picker can be positioned on a heavy sheet of plywood covering soft ground to allow the engine hoist to be pulled out and maneuvered under the vehicle. One precaution to take whenever using any type of engine hoist is to avoid leaving an engine hanging from the hoist for prolonged periods of time. The constant stress of the engine hanging unsupported from the hoist can lead to premature failure of the hoist, including damage to the engine from a sudden drop to the floor or ground.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "“My hope and wish is that, one day, formal education will pay attention to what I call education of the heart. Just as we take for granted the need to acquire proficiency in the basic academic subjects, I am hopeful that a time will come when we can take for granted that children will learn, as part of the school curriculum, the indispensability of inner values such as love, compassion, justice and forgiveness.” - Dalai Lama\nThe Heart-Mind Summit was held in Vancouver British Columbia last October.\nThe Dalai Lama has inspired and challenged British Columbians to \"be the village\" that educates the hearts of children and youth in our lives. Heart-Mind learning has been proven to not only improve the well-being of children, but it also improves academic performance.\nThe Dalai Lama says that our care for others is rich and powerful when we are young because we see no differences between those around us and ourselves. We care for others as we would care for ourselves. However, somewhere down the line as we go through school and enter adulthood we lose this innate sense of compassion. He wonders why.\nHe argues that in the past, this perhaps made sense. Practically, it may have once been wise to focus on yourself rather than others as a matter of self-preservation. But the Dalai Lama believes that this time has passed. Today, not only is it unecessary to think only of yourself – we don't face the same day-to-day dangers we once did – but it is imperative that we build a deep caring for others.\nThe Dalai Lama says this begins at home and in the schools. He believes parents and educators have a unique ability to nurture the positive human qualities children are born with – affection, sense of community, a sense of social responsibilty.\nHe knows it can't be done with a flip of a switch, but the Dalai Lama suggests that if even one person takes this message of \"educating the hearts\" into his or her everyday life, then that one person can turn into 10, then into 100 and so on. He believes we all have the power to start this ripple effect.\nThe Dalai Lama paints a powerful picture when he says this is not just a well-intentioned ideal. It is the very essence of the \"survival of humanity\".\n-- Watch The Heart-Mind Youth Dialogue at John Oliver Secondary School in Vancouver\n-- Read the \"Reflection Journal\"\nAt the 2014 Heart-Mind Summit, the Dalai Lama and Dr. Kim Schonert-Reichl discuss the many benefits of incorporating programs and practices that promote Heart-Mind well-being into the education system, and the great work that has already been done in British Columbia.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Anyone who has ever experienced an outage of their land-line telephone, cable connection or electricity when storms or high winds have hit have reaped the benefits of how a bucket truck can save time for linemen who must repair damaged lines for their company.\nCompanies and the industries listed above that they represent are greatly dependent upon the help provided by this versatile vehicle for repairing overhead lines and cables. It’s safe to say that everyone benefits from the service of bucket trucks. So what is the history behind this handy vehicle – and where is the future for it heading?\nThe first version of the bucket truck was known as a “cherry picker” and came out during the early 1900’s, just about the same time as the use of internal combustion engines became widely accepted. The principle used on the vehicle’s lift goes back to its application by the Romans. They used structures that are identical to our modern cranes and lifts of today.\nIn the Orchard – and Beyond\nDespite its popularity these days as a maintenance vehicle, the bucket truck didn’t begin life in the garage of an electric company. On the contrary, it evolved from a vehicle know as the “cherry picker”. During harvesting season, trucks equipped with platforms that could be lifted were used for harvesting fruit from high up on the trees. The platform served as a safe ground for the worker while harvesting. Although conventional ladders were originally used for fruit harvesting, ‘cherry pickers’ were much safer to use. The platform was wide enough for workers to move around with less danger of falling.\nAnother advantage from this new invention was the minimal risk to tree damage; ladders placed against the trees for workers to climb up to harvest the fruit frequently damaged the tree trunk. With this new vehicle, the platform could be conveniently positioned near yet right above the tree without disturbing it at all. It was a further convenience because relocation from one tree to the other was so much easier with this motorized platform version. Although the name ‘cherry picker’ was a misnomer since cherries were not the only fruit harvested, that name stuck with the truck for a long time.\nIt didn’t take long for other industries to adapt the ‘cherry picker’ to their own usage. The electric utility company in particular found it to be a virtual blessing to the repair of damaged utility lines. It made the work of their employees easier, faster and much safer than the previous method of climbing a telephone pole and ‘hanging’ from it to complete any task!\nAdditional industries that picked up on and adapted their own versions of this vehicle are: forestry; sign and light; house painting and window washing; mining and construction industries to name a few. The application of different uses for this vehicle is virtually endless. As long as the task involves heights and requires a high degree of safety, then the bucket truck is the right truck for the job.\nThe current design for the bucket truck is the same and yet it is very different. The boom is still housed on a basic truck frame and still retains its basic functions. The difference here is the addition of an articulated boom to the design as well as varying locations for the boom on the body depending upon the needs of a particular industry.\nThe biggest difference in design lies in the vehicle’s safety features. New bucket truck designs are significantly safer to use. Modern versions have insulated buckets to protect workers from electrocution risks when handling electric wires. Outriggers have been added to give a much greater measure of stability during any operation. These are just a few of safety features added to decrease risks when using these vehicles.\nThoughts of the Future\nDue to the ever-increasing oil prices, operating a bucket truck gets more and more expensive. In answer to this change, design has evolved toward “green” bucket trucks that can save the owner/operator usage costs as well as make it friendlier to the environment. The hybrid version is an answer to vehicle function that allows saving of operational costs with an electric motor to operate the boom. Making the size smaller is making the vehicle more efficient while making it more compact and supplementing its function with additional features.\nThe future of the bucket truck reflects its evolution from a ‘cherry picker’ to the modern hybrid vehicle of today. Future designs will continue to reflect the manufacturers’ response to the needs of the industries that rely upon this practical and reliable vehicle. It has indeed come a long way from its humble orchard beginnings!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Science Offerings & Events\nJanuary 2015 – December 2015\nEnhancing understanding, advancing discovery\nSince the 1890s, Garden scientists have traveled far and wide to better understand plants and fungi, their relationship to their environments, and their many uses by people around the world. Enjoy an insider’s view of this important work:\n- Science Exhibitions\n- Britton Science Rotunda and Gallery. Ten exhibit cases present research stories involving mushrooms, blueberries, lichens, mosses, cycads, rice, Brazil nuts, squashes, vanilla orchids, and ferns. Audiovisual components available here\n- Britton Gallery Talks\nVisitor-oriented exhibitions showcasing scientific activity at the Garden highlight the beauty, science, and uses of plants and fungi.\nIntimate conversations with Garden scientists about a typical day of work include behind-the-scenes tours of Science facilities. Gallery Talks Exclusive to Members.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Visual art in the period following World War II witnessed enormous transformations. Drawing provides a powerful and vigorous device for reexamining the spirit and achievements of the postwar era - for renewing appreciation of the extraordinary achievements of well-known artists and for discovering others. Despite the radical departures and shifts in the art of these years, drawing, among the most traditional of mediums, played a crucial role in the work of many of the most significant artists, including Jackson Pollock, Jasper Johns, Claes Oldenburg, Joseph Beuys, and many others. Drawing from the Modern, 1945 - 1975, the second of three chronological volumes, surveys the drawing of the period through the unparalleled holdings of the drawings collection of The Museum of Modern Art. Includes 166 color illustrations.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Your Parents Were Wrong About This Childhood Hobby Rotting Your Brain\nAll of those late nights playing Nintendo were actually really good for your brain, according to science.\nAs anyone who owned a Sega Genesis or Super Nintendo in the 1990s will tell you, the constant battle with parents for just \"five more minutes\" of screen time needed to beat that level 14 boss was a never-ending one. But new research has shown that those hours spent playing video games may not actually have been rotting your brain, as your mom or dad warned. In fact, if you spent your childhood playing Sonic and Super Mario, you were secretly priming your memory for the rest of your life, the new study says.\nThe month-long research, which was conducted at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya in Spain and published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, examined the cognitive skills of 27 young adults between the ages of 18 and 40 while playing Nintendo's classic Super Mario 64. \"People who were avid gamers before adolescence, despite no longer playing, performed better with the working memory tasks, which require mentally holding and manipulating information to get a result,\" researcher Marc Palaus, PhD, writes in the published report.\nPalaus explains that far from damaging our brains, video games are actually a challenge for growing minds, and their increasing difficulty is what makes them so enticing.\n\"Video games are a perfect recipe for strengthening our cognitive skills, almost without our noticing,\" he writes.\nMuch research has been done on video games and their effect on the brain, with many finding that they can have positive effects. A 2017 study—also helmed by Palaus—found that patients who underwent a video game training program saw the hippocampus sections of their brains grow larger. The study also found that avid gamers show improvements in both sustained and selective attention.\nBut don't go gloating to your parents just yet. Another study conducted at the University of Montreal in 2017 found that MRIs conducted on the brains of avid gamers who spent 19 hours or more a week on their consoles playing action-themed games had significantly less gray matter.\nStill, those conducting that study say it's not so much video games in general but the type of game that matters. \"If I had to recommend a type of video game to someone, it would be a 3-D platform or logic puzzle game,\" Gregory West, PhD, the author of the study, told NPR. \"The evidence is clear at this point that these games can be beneficial for the brain.\" And for more on how to get the most out of your neurons, check out Just This Many Minutes of Exercise Will Boost Your Brain, Study Says.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Rise of New Right Conservatism History Lab is designed for students in US History who are studying the 1970s - 1980s. During the lab, students examine eight sources to address the following focus question:\nWhat issues galvanized and united the conservative movement in the 1970s and 1980s?\nStudents share their interpretations by creating a class list of issues that galvanized and united the conservative movement. Groups are tasked with ranking those issues and defending their rankings with evidence from the documents. Students' learning from the lab is assessed with an assignment in which students individually write a letter from the perspective of one of the groups making up the conservative coalition of the 1970s/1980s to the Republican National Committee.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Chemicals & Public Disclosure\nIn 1986, Congress enacted the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA). EPCRA established requirements for federal, state and local governments, tribes, and industry regarding emergency planning and \"community right-to-know\" reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals. The community right-to-know provisions of EPCRA are the most relevant part of the law for shale gas producers. These provisions help i\nSection 313 of EPCRA authorizes EPA’s Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), which is a publicly available database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and waste management activities reported annually by certain industries as well as federal facilities. EPA issues a list of industries that must report releases for the database. To date, EPA has not included oil and gas extraction as an industry that must report under TRI. This is not an exemption in the law. Rather it is a decision by EPA that this industry is not a high priority for reporting under TRI. Part of the rationale for this decision is based on the fact that most of the information required under TRI is already reported by producers to state agencies that make it publicly available. Also, TRI reporting from the hundreds of thousands of oil and gas sites would overwhelm the existing EPA reporting system and make it difficult to extract meaningful data from the massive amount of information submitted.\nWhile shale gas production facilities do not normally store the materials subject to EPCRA reporting, a limited number of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process - such as hydrochloric acid - are classified as hazardous under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) which requires reporting of releases into the environment of these materials. Further, EPCRA section 304 requires reporting of releases to the environment of certain materials. This includes releases of products used in oil and gas production that exceed reporting thresholds, even if those products are exempt from CERCLA reporting. These chemicals may be brought on site for a few days, at most, during fracturing or work‐over operations. Businesses must report non‐permitted releases—into the atmosphere, surface water, or groundwater—of any listed chemical above threshold amounts, known as the \"reportable quantity\", to federal, state, and local authorities. Therefore, while every precaution is taken to prevent chemical spills, in the event of an accidental release above the reportable quantity, a report would be made to these authorities by the operator.\nIn addition to federal disclosure laws, many states have developed or are developing public disclosure rules related to hydraulic fracturing. These states include Wyoming, Pennsylvania, Arkansas, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, West Virginia, Idaho, and North Dakota. Although the content of these rules differs, the intent of each is to provide the public with information about the chemicals being used to fracture wells. The changes in state public disclosure laws are occuring so fast that posting a comprehensive list of all states contemplating or preparing laws in this area is not possible as it would change on a frequent basis.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "This guide was created for students who are studying Mathematics at UHWO.\nThis guide contains links to access library resources (books, e-books, scholarly journal articles, and electronic research databases) and other sources on the web.\nIn regards to UHWO resources, many of these resources are RESTRICTED by license to UHWO students, faculty and staff only. If you are affiliated with UHWO, you can access restricted resources from any Internet connection whether in the library or off campus. If accessing any of the electronic databases from off campus, you will need to log in with your UH username and password.\nThis guide is not comprehensive; it does not include all of the library resources that might be relevant to a particular topic. Please feel free to contact a librarian to schedule an individual research consultation for further help with your topic.\nThe UHWO Library has a subscription to Films on Demand, a database with over 5000 streaming videos in many different subject areas. The clip below is from documentary called Building Mathematical Competencies in Early Childhood.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Data Scientist Job Overview Data scientists require a mix of skills that can be utilized in the modern tech world, ...\nData Scientist Job Overview\nData scientists require a mix of skills that can be utilized in the modern tech world, although the role itself is still being defined as duties and responsibilities evolve. For the most part, data scientists are charged with driving initiatives to improve a user's website experience in addition to website monetization, all while delivering analytics that can help companies better understand user engagement. They may focus on optimizing performance platforms, ensuring the maximum amount of revenue is being produced per impression, or working on a team to scale and refine data management procedures. Responsibilities will vary by company, but data scientists should be masters of analysis.\nData Scientist Job Education Requirements\nData scientists work with large amounts of data, so they must have advanced math, programming, and statistics skills in order to apply their analytic powers. Obtaining the right skills can be achieved through self-learning courses, but many employers prefer applicants to have a relevant degree. For the most part, though, employers want to hire data scientists with real-world skills, so it's important to aim for technical know-how.\nData Scientist Job Market\nPredictions have shown that the United States will face a major shortage of people with advanced analytical skills within just a few short years. This should lead to a higher demand for data and information scientists who are masters of analysis. It also means enjoying a stable, lucrative career.\nData Scientist Job Salary Information\nLike the top IT professionals, data scientists enjoy an impressive starting pay. In fact, entry-level professionals that work in Silicon Valley have seen six-figure starting salaries. The minimum pay for data scientists is about $76,000 per year, which is still an impressive figure. The highest paid professionals enjoy an annual income of nearly $150,000.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "I have had the pleasure of sharing many of Ms. Carnazzo’s creations in the techchef4u kitchen and thought it was about time I took a trip to her classroom. Yolanda and I had the opportunity to observe Carnazzo in action and assist a group in completing their Seasons project. The weather that day was quite fitting as neither one of us were dressed nor prepared for the torrential downpour.\nThe first thing I noticed was her classroom management. All students were on task, at a level 0, and were working on the assignment that they were expected to complete. Before the activity, Ms. Carnazzo (2nd grade teacher) reviewed the task and the CHAMP’s Expectations for student behavior. Then students were then split up into 4 groups. One group worked with Ms. Carnazzo on the carpet finalizing their script and storyboard while the others worked quietly at their desks doing independent work. Each group was responsible for a different season.\nScience 2.8B: Identify the importance of weather and seasonal information to make choices in clothing, activities and transportation.\nBeforehand: Before we arrived, small groups had researched info on their season using BrinpopJr videos and the Science text to describe their seasons citing the following elements:\n- Typical weather/temperature\n- Types of clothing to wear\n- Activities appropriate for that weather\n- Kinds of transportation they might use (e.g. to get to school)\nGroups had also discussed and written ideas for their Puppet Pals video using the provided Storyboard template. Ms. Carnazzo had pre-selected a seasonal image background from both Puppet Pals Director’s Pass app and Doodle Buddy’s background gallery.\nDuring Class: Small groups worked with the teacher (and Yolanda and myself) to:\n- Finalize their Puppet Pals ideas\n- Practice their presentations without actually recording (took several run-throughs)\n- Record their video (as time permits)\nLogistics: Groups not working with a teacher had another weather activity to work on quietly at their desk. In working with a group first-hand I discovered a few things:\n- You can only practice the script a couple of times before the students start losing interest. I found the best course of action was to practice once or twice with the script, record a rough draft, listen to it, and record one more, and then choose the best of the two.\n- Passing around the script and the iPad causes a bit of background noise. I found if I held the iPad and handed it to each child when it was their time to speak, some of the noise of moving the iPad was reduced.\n- The Puppet Pals video file is too large to email. Since the students recorded their show on my device and not Ms. Carnazzo’s, I had one of two options: upload to YouTube as a private file and then download from there, or pull it off when I synced my device at home.\nIf you are interested in how to manage an iClassroom or how to purposefully integrate 1 iPad in to a classroom, tune in Thursday March 1st at 3:30pm as the famous Lisa Carnazzo will be our guest “The 1 iPad Classroom“. If you missed the live show, check it out in iTunes the next day.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The Ocean Cleanup Project continues. The new system aims to clean both oceans and rivers\nThe Dutch organization’s goal is to clean the world’s 1,000 most polluting rivers by 2025.\nAbout 1,000 rivers is responsible for 80% of the ocean pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to clean both oceans and especially rivers. The Ocean Cleanup, a non-profit organization, aims to tackle this issue using its latest system.\n“To truly rid the oceans of plastic, we need to both clean up the legacy and close the tap, preventing more plastic from reaching the oceans in the first place. Combining our existing technology with the new Interceptor will do the job,“ said Boyan Slat, the innovator and founder of The Ocean Cleanup .\nHow does it work\nFrom the outside, the Interceptor resembles a ship or a boat. From the inside, it’s been designed to suit its purpose, i.e. to extract the plastics from rivers.\nA barrier is used to intercept the plastic and other forms of pollution, carrying it onto the conveyor belt, which continuously distributes the waste to special dumpsters placed on the Interceptor.\nThe innovators were well-prepared for the efficient filling of the dumpsters too. A smart system recognizes which dumpster is not full and decides which one to fill with the waste.\nAs the Interceptor constantly follows the natural current of the river, the debris collection is even more efficient. The Interceptor is solar-powered. Should the Interceptor stop, it depends on the current of the river to carry off the trash to the collection system.\nThe waste is moved to the dumpsters on a conveyor belt. Retrieved from: Theoceancleanup.com\nThe built-in Li-ion batteries allow the Interceptor to be deployed in the night time. Thanks to special parts, the vessels will reach higher energy capacity and prevent noise transmission and dissemination of gases.\nThe potential wave of skepticism about the new system is proven wrong with more innovative solutions. Although the Interceptor moves autonomously, it can also be monitored from the land. The internet-connected onboard computer allows us to monitor the machine performance, energy use, and state of the components. And there is more!\nRetrieved from: Theoceancleanup.com\nThe special barrier, guiding plastics towards the conveyor belt, was designed not to interfere with other vessels’ routes in order not to pose any threats to the vessels and sea animals.\nWhen everything goes according to the plan, the Interceptor can extract 50,000 kilograms of plastic per day. Under ideal conditions, even 100,000kg! When the dumpsters are full, the trash is moved for recycling.\nPlacement of Interceptor\nAs Boyan Slat already mentioned, he wants to use the Interceptor collection boat to clean world's 1,000 most polluting rivers. These, however, amount to only 1% of watercourses but cause 80% of the ocean pollution.\nIn order to start the cleaning as soon as possible, four Interceptors have been deployed since their commencement on October, 2019. One of them is currently placed on the Klang River, Malaysia. The second one helps to clean the rivers in Jakarta which suffers from huge amounts of plastic both in the water and on the land.\nThe third Interceptor is going to extract waste from the delta of the Mekong River, Vietnam and the last one in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic.\nThe deployed Interceptor in Jakarta. Retrieved from: Theoceancleanup.com\nFurthermore, agreements are being made to deploy more Interceptors. Bangkok and LA County have already expressed interest in placing the Interceptors in their respective territories.\nHow it all started\nBoyan Slat was only 18 years of age when he came up with the idea of cleaning the oceans. Shortly after, in 2013, The Ocean Cleanup was founded. Its main milestone was an innovative device with 600-metres-long float and a “veil” capturing the plastic.\nThe first prototype, System 001, was, however, returned to shore as the constructors encountered challenges with the float speed and construction-related flaws. The prototype has been redesigned and placed in the polluted Great Pacific Garbage Patch between Hawaii and California again.\nPrototype of the Interceptor system to clean oceans. Retrieved from: Facebook/TheOceanCleanup\nThe improved System 001/B was proven, allowing the experts could begin to design System 002. All modifications learned during the tests of the System 001/B have been implemented when the system development developed.\nJust like the Interceptor, System 002 is also solar-powered. After the capture, the plastics will return to the land for recycling. The Ocean Cleanup's goal is to clean 90% of the world's oceans by 2040 using this system.\nFormerly the fourth largest freshwater lake in the world used to have an area of 67,000km2. The area shrunk to one fourth of its original area.\nFollowing list shows rivers all around the world you don’t want to bath in, nor look at. Municipal waste and toxic contamination have already...\nFor several months, Hydrotech has intensively dealt with pilot plant testing of food industry waste water with high concentrations of organic...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Do baby noses change?\nA toddler nose is always changing.\nFully-formed adult features would look a little strange on your sweetie’s small head. The nose is a feature that continues to grow right through your tot’s teenage years.\nDo toddlers noses change shape?\nYour nose does grow with age, but only up to a certain point. After that, it may change size and shape—not because it’s growing, but because of changes to the bone, cartilage, and skin that give your nose form and structure.\nWhen does a child’s nose bridge form?\nNasal height and nasal bridge length became fully mature in males at 15 years and fully mature in females at 12 years.\nDo babies inherit big noses?\nIt is almost certainly controlled by more than one gene. This usually means there isn’t any simple dominant trait which means all bets are off for your kids’ nose shapes. A wide range from broad to narrow are probably possible.\nWhat shape of nose is most attractive?\nWhat is the most attractive nose shape? Beauty is of course subjective, but a Greek, or straight, nose is traditionally considered the most attractive nose shape.\nDo babies have a nose bridge?\nThe bridge of the nose isn’t there at birth – it grows later – so babies have a small `button’ nose.\nDo babies get their nose from Mom or Dad?\nHowever, according to new research, the nose is the part of the face we’re most likely to inherit from our parents. Scientists at King’s College, London found that the shape of the tip of your nose is around 66% likely to have been passed down the generations.\nIs it possible for a baby to not look like the parents?\n“Children in general do not look enough like their parents for a resemblance to be detected,” researchers from the University of California at San Diego report in today’s issue of the journal Nature, “with the one exception that one-year-olds look like their fathers.”", "label": "No"}
{"text": "[′blēd‚thrü] (graphic arts) Of items printed on both sides, the obtrusive show-through of printed matter from one side to the other.\nBleed-through occurs when a paper is too thin or too absorbent. The barrier on our lenticular products is made of poly-film and paper, making it great for preventing bleed-through. Show-through level depends on the opacity of the paper, mostly affected by its thickness. A thicker paper will naturally have less show-through. The backside imprint blends through the front side of the lenticular prints. By adding barriers on the backside with opaque print or lamination of poly film or and paper will block the blend through 100%.\nIf you would like to read more about Bleed-Through, please click HERE.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Fluidised Bed Combustion is a technology developed for low value, variable moisture content fuels. It’s typically used in large power plants, but BHSL have developed it for on farm applications.\nHow It Works\nA normal diesel burner raises the combustion chamber up to operating temperature, then the manure is dropped onto a bed of sand and combustion starts. The diesel is no longer needed after start-up – the plant can operate using only manure.\nThe BHSL fluidised bed has been proven to accept a wide range of forest and agricultural biomass fuels. To aid combustion maximum air recirculation is used.\nThe combustion chamber (furnace) is equipped with a gas oil burner used for start-up purposes and to support combustion in the event of abnormal or upset conditions.\nThe furnace has been designed to ensure that the fuel conversion to heat energy is complete and with a minimum of undesirable emissions. The furnace is lined with refractory designed to withstand the operating temperatures.\nPrimary air is released into the sand bed through a system of nozzles. In order to achieve clean combustion and ensure minimal harmful flue gas emissions BHSL’s furnace and bed design targets an energy release that ensures bed temperature stability and good flue gas residence times.\nPoultry manure is directed from the buffer hopper down a chute and falls by gravity onto the fluidised bed. The larger and heavier particles of the fuel are absorbed into the bed and combusted. Lighter fractions tend to dry and combust above the bed.\nCombustion temperatures above the bed and in the upper furnace zone (freeboard) are constantly monitored and the results are utilised for combustion control programming inputs as well as ensuring that minimum combustion temperatures are maintained for destruction of pathogens that may arise from the biomass fuel.\nThe ‘seething’ mass of hot sand has excellent thermal properties. If manure is presented which is particularly wet, then this can be broken up and the ‘thermal shock’ can be spread within the sand very quickly. The combustion is reliable, even when the quality of the fuel is not.\nThere are limits to every process of course, and broiler manure must typically have a Moisture Content of less than 45% (it can be higher for short periods) to be reliably processed. Improved growing conditions on BHSL sites result in average moisture\ncontent lower that 45%.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "We are now well into America’s Second Gilded Age. The First Gilded Age was the era of industrial capitalism that begins in the 1870s and 1880s and continued through the first years of the 20th century, ultimately giving way to the reforms of the Progressive Era. The First Gilded Age produced huge fortunes, political corruption and vast inequalities of wealth, so much so that people became concerned that they would endanger American democracy.\nThe Second Gilded Age begins, more or less, with the beginning of the digital revolution in the mid-1980s, but it really takes off in the early years of the Internet Age in the mid to late 1990s, and it continues to the present day characterized by the rise of social media, and the development and implementation of algorithms, artificial intelligence, and robotics. For this reason I call our present era the Algorithmic Society.\nIf the First Gilded Age is the age of industrial capitalism, the Second Gilded Age is the age of digital or informational capitalism. It too has produced great fortunes and led to concerns that increasing concentrations of wealth and economic inequality are endangering American democracy. Like the First Gilded Age, it is also a time of deep political corruption and despair about the future of American democracy. It has not yet produced a second Progressive Era, yet every day I see signs that this is where we are headed.\nThere is a large literature criticizing the judicial doctrines of the First Amendment, and how they are slanted toward the interests of corporations (and capital generally) in the Second Gilded Age. The most obvious examples are the federal courts’ recent decisions on commercial speech and campaign finance regulation. These are interesting and important topics, but they are not the subject of this blog post.\nMy focus here is on the political economy of free speech in the digital age. The basic question is this: How does our political and economic system pay for a digital public sphere? It pays for it largely through digital surveillance and through finding ever new ways to make money out of personal data. Digital capitalism in the Second Gilded Age features an implicit bargain: a seemingly unbounded freedom to speak in exchange for the right to surveil, govern, and manipulate end-users.\nThe recent Facebook/Cambridge Analytica controversy is a characteristic scandal of the Second Gilded Age. That is because it laid bare how social media companies make their money and how they shape the public sphere in the process. The scandal also reveals a basic problem of freedom of speech in the Second Gilded Age: Digital privacy undergirds our freedom of expression, but the way we pay for freedom of expression perpetually threatens our digital privacy. This is the irony of the digital era: An era that promised unbounded opportunities for freedom of expression is also an era of increasing digital control and surveillance. The same technological advances allow both results. The infrastructure of digital free expression is also the infrastructure of digital surveillance.\nThe First Amendment plays a role in this story, but not the role that you might expect. One of the interesting features of the digital age is that the protection of freedom of expression has begun to detach from the judicial doctrines of the First Amendment, so that, as interpreted by courts, the First Amendment is increasingly irrelevant to the protection of freedom of speech online.\nWhy is that? Well, much of our practical ability to speak online depends on an infrastructure of digital communication—broadband companies, domain name registrars and registries, webhosting services, caching and security services, search engines, and social media companies. That infrastructure is owned and operated by private parties, not by the state. Thus, in most cases, the businesses that provide the digital infrastructure of free expression are not state actors bound by the First Amendment. If we want to protect the privacy and freedom of speech of digital speakers from overreaching by digital media companies, the First Amendment will not be our primary line of defense. Nor will the Fourth Amendment, or the rest of the Bill of Rights, for that matter.\nWhere the First Amendment is often most relevant, sadly, is in a different context. The First Amendment—or more correctly, judicially created doctrines of the First Amendment—may be a potential obstacle to laws that would try to regulate the owners of private infrastructure to protect freedom of speech and privacy. One example would be first amendment attacks on network neutrality. A second would be first amendment defenses against privacy regulations on the ground that data is speech and the analysis, sale, and distribution of data is protected by the First Amendment. The United States has not yet passed comprehensive digital privacy regulation, but when it tries to, I expect that companies will make precisely this kind of argument against passage; and they will probably use the First Amendment to challenge any such legislation in the federal courts.\nIn short, the First Amendment, as currently interpreted by federal courts, may be of relatively little help in securing the practical ability to speak through the privately-owned digital infrastructures of communication. To be sure, the First Amendment may be of limited help when the state tries to employ privately-owned infrastructure as its tool for speech regulation and surveillance—what I refer to below as “new-school” speech regulation. But in some cases the judicially created doctrines of the First Amendment—wrongly interpreted and extended—may actually be a positive hindrance to freedom of speech online.\nRe-engineering the First Amendment for the twenty-first century will mean more than deciding whether coverage or protection should be extended or contracted in particular areas, whether state action should be expanded, whether doctrinal tests should be replaced, and so on. It will require a holistic approach to the institutions and practices that protect freedom of speech and expression in the algorithmic society. The structure of judicial doctrine remains essential but it is only one part of the story. We must adapt judicial doctrine to free-speech protecting structures, institutions, and reforms elsewhere in the system of free expression.\nWe might make an analogy to the protection of economic freedom at the turn of the 20th century. The Progressive Era and New Deal’s response to police power jurisprudence wasn’t simply eliminating constitutional protections for freedom of contract; it also involved recognizing that substantive economic freedom requires the creation of institutions (like labor unions) and government investment in infrastructure (like social insurance programs, educational institutions, and public works) necessary to give people practical economic freedom. Many if not most of these reforms operated outside of constitutional doctrine but were informed by constitutional values. In the same way, one needs legislation, administrative regulation, institution building, public provisioning (e.g., investment in infrastructure), and technological design to protect free expression in the 21st century. Reform of judicial doctrine is surely important —especially to allow several of the kinds of reforms I list below—but we should see it in the context of a larger program of reform, staged in legislation, administrative regulation, government provisioning, reform of business models, and technological design.\nAn additional wrinkle is that significant features of digital free expression are no longer controlled by nation states. For example, the European Union’s decisions about hate speech and privacy regulation have—and will continue to have—predictable effects on American free expression. To some extent we may decide that protecting free expression in the United States should piggyback on what other countries (and super-national institutions) choose to do in antitrust, privacy, and technological regulation. And to some extent, protecting freedom of speech must resist these efforts.\nCurrently Americans are very worried about propaganda and disinformation campaigns from Russia—and, for all we know, from other countries as well. These raise serious issues, but it is unlikely that judicial doctrines will be central features of the remedy. Rather, combatting foreign propaganda and disinformation will require two different lines of attack. The first, which is already happening as a result of public outcry, is a change in business practices by owners of private infrastructure in the United States. The second, which, alas, did not happen sufficiently in 2016, is the federal government’s use of sanctions and reprisals (short of military force) against nation states that we know are interfering with our electoral system. This approach recognizes that we do not simply face a problem of regulation—rather, we face a problem of foreign policy. Had President Obama had moved quickly and decisively to exact a cost for Russian interference, we might have established a stronger deterrent effect going forward. Although we can expect little in the way of reprisals from what is essentially a pro-Russian Trump Administration, future administrations will not be so compromised.\nFor all of these reasons, it is very important to distinguish the political value of freedom of speech from the judicially created doctrines of the First Amendment. To make the principles of the First Amendment live in our current age, we must look beyond the latest pronouncements of the federal courts to the political economy of digital speech, to the dangers that political economy has created for end users, and to the kinds of reforms would best protect their interests.\nI’ve discussed a number of such reforms in other work. Six of these reforms are worth mentioning briefly here. Some of these reforms may require modest tweaks in current judicial doctrine, but most of them will simply require a halting of the direction in which I fear judicial doctrine is headed.\nThe first approach is structural telecommunications regulation such as network neutrality and open access rules.\nA second approach is to limit what I call “new-school speech regulation”—in which governments attempt to regulate infrastructure providers to pressure these companies to do their surveillance and speech regulation for them. The European Union, for example, is presently engaged in turning social media companies into a private bureaucracy that enforces European speech regulations. Because new-school speech regulation involves state action, some of it may violate the First Amendment (if enacted within the United States, that is). Unfortunately, much of it may not violate the First Amendment. For example, although some features of the Section 230 intermediary immunity may be required by the First Amendment, it is likely that the First Amendment does not require an immunity as great as Section 230 currently provides. It’s also important to remember that the European Union’s regulation of social media companies has important ripple effects on freedom of expression around the world, including in the United States. Therefore dealing with the consequences of new-school speech regulation in Europe may be quite important in addition to anything that American politicians do.\nA third reform is government investment in basic internet infrastructure—for example, municipal wi-fi, broadband services and basic platform operations. This, in effect, offers a kind of public option for certain basic internet services. This is important because a public option is not bound to the same business models as private infrastructure owners. On the other hand, public provision requires, if anything, even stricter controls to ensure that the state does not try to leverage its control of digital infrastructure for purposes of surveillance, censorship, and control.\nA fourth, and very important reform, is a revival of antitrust and competition law in the digital industries. This too, is important because it can shake up existing business models and change incentives for digital businesses.\nA fifth reform is a requirement of what I call curatorial due process for social media sites, expanding on the Manilla Principles on Intermediary Liability. The Manilla Principles require, among other things (1) clear and public notice of the content regulation policies companies actually employ; (2) an explanation and an effective right to be heard before content is removed; and (3) when this is impractical, an obligation to provide to post-facto explanation and review of a decision to remove content as soon as practically possible. Although these principles will do only limited good, they remain important backstops to the system of digital free expression.\nA sixth reform, and one I’ve emphasized especially in recent work, is treating digital media companies as information fiduciaries toward their clients and end-users. As information fiduciaries, digital companies should have duties of care, confidentiality and loyalty toward the people whose data they collect, store, and use.\nThe scope of these duties will vary depending on the nature of the digital business; again, I’ve written in detail about these issues elsewhere. But if you want a simple example of what difference the concept of information fiduciaries would make, take a look at the recent Facebook/Cambridge Analytica scandal. It’s important to focus not only on the particular example of Facebook’s negligence in dealing with Alexsandr Kogan and Cambridge Analytica, but also on the ensuing revelations: Facebook’s practices were merely the tip of a far larger iceberg—a series of unwise decisions through which Facebook allowed its business partners to access its end-users’ social graphs. In my view, Facebook probably violated all three duties of care, confidentiality and loyalty. Facebook did not take sufficient care to vet its business partners, it breached its duties of confidentiality toward its end users, and it allowed its end-users to be manipulated by its business partners.\nWhy are these reforms important? Some of them directly protect free speech against public and private governance. But the indirect effects, I think, are equally important. The central way to protect freedom of expression in the digital age is to alter the political economy of free expression. That means reforming the business models of digital companies—because these methods of making money, in effect, are how we pay for the public sphere. The current cost of digital free speech these days is submission to digital surveillance and private governance. Nation states, realizing this, have piggybacked on the governing capacities of digital infrastructure companies to achieve their regulatory goals.\nFor this reason, I expect that three of the six reforms mentioned above will prove the most important in the long run. The first is limiting new-school speech regulation, because this restricts nation states’ abilities to leverage the capacities of digital infrastructure companies to do governments’ dirty work for them. The second is antitrust and competition law, because they can chip away at the current advertising-based and monopolization-of-attention models that have caused many of the greatest problems with social media. The third is treating digital companies as information fiduciaries, who have duties of care, confidentiality and loyalty to their end-users. This last reform is especially important because it will limit the ability of digital infrastructure companies to organize their business models around the surveillance, manipulation and abuse of end-users.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Dental health proper care is the proper care of someone’s teeth and gums. Oral hygiene is the process of keeping people’s lips free and clean from disease along with other this sort of issues by regimen oral cleaning and scrubbing with the pearly white’s. In order to avoid stinky breath and oral disease, for maximum oral health, it is essential that good dental hygiene is completed all the time. Listed below are some methods oral hygiene should be employed on a regular basis:\nIn the event you loved this informative article and you would want to receive more info concerning Jawline gum https://www.rockjaw.co.uk assure visit the web-page.\nWellness proper care is part of typical treatments. It deals with the treatment and prevention of dental problems like nicotine gum disorder, tooth decay and oral weathering. Oral specialists carry out dentist procedures. A number of the prevalent oral procedures completed by common doctors contain tooth implants, shelves, basic channel treatment options, dental care braces for your teeth, dentistry reconstructions and so forth.\nDental care preps clients for a tough and extensive life. Right dental hygiene assists with stopping teeth cavities and stops toothaches. Teeth teeth fillings help in protecting against teeth cavities. You have to go to a dentist professionist car should be done in half a year for a standard look at-up and refills.\nDental treatments is not only about finding primary teeth taken care of. An individual should be able to sustain nutritious enamel during their lives. There are several sorts of dental goods and services you can buy right now. A lot of them include dental insurance policies, offering many services for a monthly or yearly price, and also different dentistry surgical procedures, and help in treating a variety of dental care troubles.\nCommon dentistry makes sure that teeth remain healthy. Healthy tooth to forestall space and ensure there’s plenty of saliva inside the teeth. This will assist in avoiding cavities. You should clean the teeth two tmes a day and use dental floss on a daily basis. Using dental floss is important as it takes away little allergens of foodstuff trapped concerning your teeth. This will likely just remember to have healthy and balanced gums and teeth.\nPlenty of people skip over the regime dental care that they need to go through. Most sufferers do not recognize that an appointment with a dentist can prove to be really highly-priced. Should you not retain good dental, then you definately confront a number of health issues down the road. You may use many make-up available in the market to help keep your teeth germ cost-free. Some mouthwashes have materials to kill bacteria and germs in the jaws.\nSome general dentistry contains regular cleaning of gums and teeth. You ought to visit a dental office for the normal clean-up if you would like make certain you have nutritious teeth and gums. In case you have gum disease, then you need to quit taking cigarettes and tobacco products. Cigarette smoking consists of smoking, a compound that loss the teeth to cause dental issues. Drinking lots of water can be another protection. Waters assists wipe out microorganisms and toxins that cause dental ailments.\nMost youngsters have space and require dental treatments from your young age in order to avoid them from having permanent hurt. Moms and dads have to find a children dental practitioner into their neighborhood so they can deal with their kid’s dentistry wants in their initial the teeth. A superb child fluid warmers dentist professionist ensures your kids becomes suitable prophylactic dental treatments services into their initial pearly whites.\nOverall health is retained by routine dental care. Cleaning one’s teeth twice daily is critical as this can help take away acquired oral plaque buildup and bacterias in the tooth. Using dental floss is additionally an element of the overall wellness strategy the way it gets rid of tartar and meal caught up around the teeth. To avoid gingivitis and plaque accumulation, frequent travels towards the dental practice also make certain that gums are placed balanced.\nA good practice is to brush thrice each day applying delicate bristles. It is additionally far better to dental floss everyday so as to preserve beneficial teeth’s health. Parents should really browse the dental practitioner at least once a year to get their gum area cleaned out and appearance if you have any indication of common cancer. Very early treatments for gingivitis inhibits significant diseases for instance gum condition.\nReduction is actually superior to heal in terms of blocking by mouth disorders such as gum disease and gum ailment. Common travels to your dental practice will ensure that gums remain healthy. In order to prevent gingivitis, standard flossing and brushing are required in conjunction with incorporating fluoride on the water supply in fluoride-vibrant areas. Fluoride is an excellent dental hygiene manufactured goods helps prevent occurance of tartar on pearly white’s and helps improve gum line. Regular appointments with the dental professional will guarantee that gums stay powerful.\nIn the event you loved this informative article in addition to you wish to acquire more info regarding Www.Rockjaw.Co.Uk kindly check out our own page.\nEven more strategies from advisable editors:", "label": "No"}
{"text": "- How do you measure the width of a book?\n- What metric unit would you use to measure the thickness of a book cover?\n- What instrument is used to measure the thickness of paper?\n- How would you measure the thickness of paper?\n- What is used to measure the thickness of a wire?\n- Is height the same as thickness?\n- How do I calculate the thickness of my water tank?\n- How do you find the thickness of steel?\n- What is the size of base plate?\n- Why do we use a base plate to connect a column to the foundation and what is the role of grout used between base plate and foundation?\n- What is the necessity of doing machine grouting?\n- How do you grout a pump base?\n- What is a pump pad?\n- What is a grout pump?\n- How does a grout pump work?\nHow do you measure the width of a book?\nThe size of a book is generally measured by the height against the width of a leaf, or sometimes the height and width of its cover. A series of terms is commonly used by libraries and publishers for the general sizes of modern books, ranging from folio (the largest), to quarto (smaller) and octavo (still smaller).\nWhat metric unit would you use to measure the thickness of a book cover?\nThe thickness of 1 page is 0.12 mm . So, its simple you just have to count the number of pages and divide it by 2. And after that multiply that number by thickness of 1 page. For example: If book is 600 pages then it should be (600/2)*(0.12) = 36mm or ~1.5 inches.\nWhat instrument is used to measure the thickness of paper?\nHow would you measure the thickness of paper?\nCalculate the Thickness\n- Divide the total measurement of the stack/ream of paper by the number of sheets. For example: 2 inches/100 pages = 0.01-inches sheets.\n- In case you measured the stack, and it gave you less than an inch, then you need to do the same. For example: 0.5-inches/100 sheets = 0.005-inches per sheet.\nWhat is used to measure the thickness of a wire?\nIs height the same as thickness?\nTry the width for the thickness. In considering a three-dimensional rectangular object: The height and length should be the size measurements. The height is for how tall (on the longest side) and the length should be for how wide (on the shorter side). The width would be how thick it is.\nHow do I calculate the thickness of my water tank?\nDivide the mass of the tank by the quantity, surface area x density. This yields the thickness because the mass of the tank equals the density of material x the volume of material, and the volume of material equals thickness x surface area.\nHow do you find the thickness of steel?\nThe most precise way to measure a metal’s thickness is to use a caliper. Calipers are hand tools designed to precisely measure the distance between two points. Just fit the two tips of the caliper around the metal you need to measure to determine its thickness.\nWhat is the size of base plate?\nBase Plates, Size: 150 x 150 x 6 mm\n|Size||150 x 150 x 6 mm|\n|Nut Restraint||150 mm|\nWhy do we use a base plate to connect a column to the foundation and what is the role of grout used between base plate and foundation?\nConcrete grout is used in most column base connections to facilitate the construction process and to ensure that full contact is achieved between the steel plate and the concrete pedestal.\nWhat is the necessity of doing machine grouting?\nGrout acts like a liquid shim between two surfaces and is used to secure the base plates of heavy machinery to the foundation which allows the machinery to function properly. Additionally, the grout reduces operational vibrations that can cause structural damage, machinery malfunctions, and machinery damage.\nHow do you grout a pump base?\n- Allow Cure Time. Curing time for grout, especially epoxy grout, depends on the ambient temperature.\n- Secure Bolts. Most designs require the installation of anchor bolts in the foundation that will run up and through penetrations on the baseplate.\n- Use Shims & Jack Screws.\n- Choose Pour Method.\n- Pour Grout.\nWhat is a pump pad?\nPump pads are an important part of good well construction. A concrete pad correctly constructed around the pump area prevents surface water from entering the well. It provides people using the well with a safe, dry place to stand without getting wet or muddy.\nWhat is a grout pump?\nCementitious – Pumps non-shrink sand based cementitious grouts. Heavy Duty – Grout pumps built for durability and long-lasting performance. Low Pressure – With a 15 psi max, Kenrich grout pumps are deal anywhere high pressure is not required. Lightweight and Portable – Take the grout pump anywhere need to grout.\nHow does a grout pump work?\nTo draw grout from the hopper into the pump, one piston starts its suction stroke, which opens the inlet valve and closes the out- let valve, allowing grout to flow in- to the piston’s tube.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Definition of recorder in English:\n1An apparatus for recording sound, pictures, or data, especially a tape recorder.\n- German investigators were to begin analysing information from the planes' flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders yesterday.\n- Today, investigators are combing the crash sites and preparing to analyze flight data and cockpit voice recorders for vital clues.\n- He said the local group also seeks funding, equipment and volunteers to set up a public media lab filled with computers and media-gathering equipment such as video cameras, scanners and sound recorders.\n2A person who keeps records: a poet and recorder of rural and industrial life\nMore example sentences\n- Now, journalists, of course, are supposed to be impartial recorders and reporters of fact.\n- Political reporters, especially the day-to-day recorders of official Washington developments and events, are protective of Washington.\n- The long, cold line-ups in front of the mining recorder's office in Iqaluit paid off this week as mining companies received their much-coveted prospecting permits.\n3A simple wind instrument with finger holes and no keys, held vertically and played by blowing air through a shaped mouthpiece against a sharp edge.\n- Sheet music at five cents a page, mouth organs manufactured in Germany, tin whistles and recorders from St Petersburg, and pianola rolls were among the commodities the stores offered for sale.\n- The instruments used are recorder, harpsichord, and cello.\n- Favoured instruments include the hurdy-gurdy, dulcimer, recorders, zither, guitars and drums.\n4 (Recorder) (In England and Wales) a barrister appointed to serve as a part-time judge.\n- Parliament ultimately is also responsible for the provision of resources by way of judges, Recorders, courtrooms and staff, to enable cases to be heard within those custody time limits.\n- The learned trial judge, the Recorder of London, gave a most careful judgment which we have read with care.\n- Judges in England often start as part-time Recorders, so that they can make up their own minds whether they would like a judicial job in the future.\n- sense 4.Example sentences\n- Competition for appointment to both the Circuit Bench and Recordership is intense.\n- All serving Assistant Recorders have therefore been appointed, or are in the process of being appointed, as Recorders and all future appointments will be made direct to Recordership through open competition.\nWords that rhyme with recorderawarder, boarder, border, defrauder, hoarder, Korda, marauder, order, sordor, warder • camcorder • video\nWhat do you find interesting about this word or phrase?\nComments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Permanent Arab Court To Resist Violence Against Women\nThe Women's Court: The Permanent Arab Court To Resist Violence Against Women is a symbolic popular court that aims at fighting all forms of violence practiced against women in Arab societies.\nThe Court was established by a group of Arab NGOs and distinguished personalities gathered in Rabat , Morocco on 30th November and 1st December 1996. The main purpose of the Court is to put an end to the intensifying and multifaceted violence against women. This need has become obviously clear by a public hearing on violence against women that was held in Beirut in June 1995, and was the first of its kind in the Arab world.\nSubmitted on Mon, 07/21/2003 - 00:00", "label": "No"}
{"text": "To begin with, you’ll see that the engine RPMs are much above 1000, and perhaps even close to 1500. Because high RPM helps to warm the coolant and increase the engine temperature by burning more gasoline as the oil temperature increases, high RPM is a typical response when the engine is cold.\nThe RPM should return to the predetermined levels in the owner’s manual after the coolant has been heated to a normal temperature (below 1000 RPM). In the winter, chilly temperatures mean that the engine’s RPM will endure longer than in the summer.\nIn any case, if the speed of the engine does not return to normal, extra examinations or repairs may be necessary.\nIn the car’s owner’s manual, the rpm and time figures are listed. The reason for increased speed and/or return time should be investigated.\nWhat are the causes of high RPM when the engine is cold?\nIn addition to the usual causes of high engine RPM, there are a number of other possibilities.\nIntake manifold air duct\nIt is possible to use a solenoid valve to close the intake duct in some engines, as well as pulse motors and pulse-controlled solenoids. This means that if these components fail, a huge amount of air will be able to enter via the air channel into the intake manifold.\nIntake manifold pipes\nCracks in the intake pipes, depressurization, or poor connections can cause air to leak into the system. If a whistle can be heard coming from that direction, the engine’s RPMs will likely be elevated.\nA bad throttle valve\nHigh engine RPM can be the result of a partially closed throttle valve due to carbon deposits. Another possible cause is a driver’s obliviousness to a hard floor mat pressing on the gas pedal.\nA bad throttle position sensor\nThrottle position sensors are primarily responsible for sending data to the electronic control unit (ECU) about the location of the gas pedal at a specific time.\nAs a solution, the ECU will deliver the maximum amount of air, which will result in a higher engine speed when the vehicle is idling. When the throttle settings are reset, the speed may also increase.\nEven if their models and management systems are different and all have independent management, the engine design of some cars, such as Toyotas, allows the use of electric motors for forced idling.\nIf the engine runs too fast at idle, it may be an issue with the control system, or it may be due to the specific electric motor.\nIdle speed regulator malfunctioning. Another explanation for the high RPM while the engine is cold. Damage to the regulator’s electrical connections is a common cause of a malfunctioning idle speed.\nA faulty mass airflow sensor (MAF). If this sensor fails, the engine’s electronic control unit will receive incorrect information regarding the amount of air being provided (ECU).\nAs a result, the ECU may desire to open the throttle valve even farther to boost airflow. Consequently As a result, both in cold and warm weather, the engine’s speed will be boosted.\nA faulty sensor for the intake air temperature. The ECU will receive inaccurate information if this sensor malfunctions, preventing it from forming an ideal RPM and air fuel combination. As a result, an increase in idle engine speed is possible.\nA water pump that is either inefficient or broken. If your car’s water pump is malfunctioning, you may notice a high RPM when the engine is cold.\nIt will take a long time to warm up a cold engine if it is pumping out insufficient coolant, therefore the engine will run at high revs.\nIn this case, you should be aware that your pump has a problem if you push the gas pedal and then remove your foot to find that the heater no longer blows hot air.\nA malfunctioning or defective electrical controller (ECU). It’s rarely common, but an ECU malfunctioning due to software difficulties can result in the engine running at a high speed even when the engine is cold.\nIf the error is kept in its memory and you can use an OBD scanner to examine it, the diagnosis can be relatively simple. However, in some circumstances, the fault is not stored, making the diagnosis extremely complex.\nA thermostat that is malfunctioning. The high RPM can be caused by faulty thermostats, as can many other automotive problems. To keep the coolant flowing through the engine when the thermostat is closed is a common practice.\nAntifreeze is further cooled by completing a full circuit of the cooling system after it has reached the proper operating temperature (also known asthe big circle).\nEven when the thermostat is initially open, the engine will have to work longer at higher speeds until it reaches a temperature where the coolant can flow freely.\nBad coolant temperature sensor\nIn the event that this sensor malfunctions, the ECU will receive incorrect information about the operating temperature of the coolant. In order to reportedly warm the coolant, the engine will operate at a higher RPM.\nWhat to check for first if you have high engine RPM?\nThe throttle valve and idle speed sensor should be checked first if you notice a rise in RPM.\nClean the throttle and the issue will be solved. With this cleanser, you’ll get excellent results.\nThen examine the intake pipes and air ducts for air leaks.\nBe on the lookout for any of the above-mentioned problems with the thermostat or water pump in the cooling system.\nIf the engine’s RPMs spike when it’s cold, don’t freak out; this is common behavior. If temperatures are low, the time of high RPM may last longer. However, if the engine’s speed is maintained for a lengthy period of time, this is an excellent cause to do a check.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "King Davis, Ph.D.\nThe research literature suggests that African American communities lack knowledge about severe mental illness and how to access early intervention services. Myths, stigma, misinformation, and fear unduly influence many African American families when it comes to severe mental illnesses. Consequently, while African Americans experience mental illness at the same proportions as the rest of the population, they are more likely to obtain later and/or court-ordered treatement, resulting in more severe diagnoses, longer inpatient treatments, and poorer prognoses.\nThe goal of the project is to increase knowledge of patterns of caregiving, the nature of issues raised by siblings and their families, efforts to obtain help, patterns of voluntary participation in mental health associations, and views on mental illness.\nThe project will include focus groups of siblings and parents of African Americans with a severe mental illness. Participants will share their preceptions of severe mental illness, caregiving experiences, and voluntary participation in the care of the mentally ill person.\nU.S. Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS)\nKeywords: health care", "label": "No"}
{"text": "The orange is a favorite for young and old at the time to prepare a juice or eat a fruit after the meal fruits. Orange is also a very widely available fruit and moreover a tasty one . So it is always a must!\nAmong the virtues attributed to him, it can mention that has benefits for the treatment of heart disease, acne, bowel problems and colds, among others.\nBut these are just some of the reasons why it is important to eat oranges. Here we have other qualities of this fruit:\n1) One medium orange gives you only 62 calories … excellent choice for a light snack!\n2) Are you worried about the fat? Orange does not know. This fruit is rich in water and, by its nature, does not contain fats.\n3) It is an excellent source of vitamin C (one medium orange provides about 70mg- almost 100 percent the daily recommendation for this vitamin). Vitamin C is essential as an antioxidant, in addition to contributing to strengthen your immune system, wound healing and tissue formation.\n4) it provides about 10 percent of the daily recommendation for folic acid. This vitamin B complex is especially important for women of reproductive age or wishing to have children soon, it helps prevent neural tube defects (spina bifida and cleft lip).\n5) This fruit is rich in phytochemicals, which are potent natural antioxidants that protect cells from free radicals.\n6) it contains pectin, a soluble fiber. Some studies have shown that soluble fiber may help reduce cholesterol levels, as “blocks” of this absorption in the intestine\n7) Moreover, the fiber has a satiety effect which can last several hours, which will help to ease anxiety by eating.\n8) Orange prebiotic substances, such as fiber, favor the growth of beneficial bacteria sen your intestinal tract. These bacteria help you to prevent gastrointestinal infections.\n9) If you are a fan of sweet … choose a sweet orange and juicy! But if you prefer the acid, there are varieties of orange for you. This fruit is suitable for all tastes and preferences.\n10) If you have not already convinced, reread the previous nine points!", "label": "No"}
{"text": "|Located in northwest Kazakhstan, the Voskhod chrome ore mines and chrome concentrate plant, which began production in July 2009, feature an underground state-of-the-art mine and a modern ore processing plant. The mine has total reserves of 21 million tons of chrome ore. The plant’s chrome ore boasts one of the highest Cr/Fe ratios in the world, at 3.5-3.8. Voskhod is also responsible for sourcing chrome concentrate for Tikhvin Ferroalloy Plant in Russia. The plant currently has an annual beneficiation capacity of 1 million tons of raw ore, which can be increased up to 1.5 million tons.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Osorio's forces were highly superior. The patriot forces held\non for two days, until the royalists decided to set fire to\nthe city. O'Higgins desperately called for José Miguel Carrera's division, still north of\nCarrera either betrayed O'Higgins or O'Higgins did not\nunderstand the coded message Carrera sent him. From the bell\nchurch O'Higgins saw Carrera's division advancing and then\nturning around and leaving. Carrera claimed that in the coded\nmessage he had told O'Higgins to leave, and as he approached\nthe town he believed that he was leading his men to certain\ndeath. O'Higgins maintained that Carrera had compromised his\nforces by leaving.\nThousands of O'Higgins' men died that day. O'Higgins himself,\nin one of the acts of bravery for which he was famous, pushed\nforward with a few men and managed to escape.\nWhat followed in\nhellish. The patriots were defeated, the city ransacked, the\npublic treasury lost. Most of the men committed to the cause\nof an independent Chile fled to Mendoza in Argentina. It was a\ndisastrous exodus through the snow on a virtually unpassable\ntrack that even the mules found difficult to navigate.\nO'Higgins and Carrera would never again speak to each other,\nbut would meet again in\nthen under the command of José de San Martín.\nAlliances: O'Higgins and José de San Martín\nFrom their very first meeting, O'Higgins and San Martín found\nin each other kindred spirits. O'Higgins was humble and\nwell-mannered, and had no problem in acknowledging San\nMartín's authority on the eastern side of the\nCarrera. Rivalries between the two Chilean factions came to a\nhead in Mendoza. Carrera managed to keep a small army and\nstationed himself in a Mendoza neighbourhood. Carrera even\ntook some police in\nprisoner when they arrived to investigate a raucous and\ndrunken 'meeting' between Chilean soldiers and beautiful\nO'Higgins, on the other hand, was considered by San Martín to\nbe the leader of the Chilean emigrés. The Argentine leader\ntook O'Higgins' side, believing that the defeat at\nCarrera's fault. Mendoza was now in danger. The Viceroy could\nlaunch an attack on the United Provinces from Chile any\nThe United Provinces had been trying to secure their position\nBolivia, but had so far been unsuccessful. During 1815 and\npart of 1816, the governor of Mendoza tried to convince the\nauthorities in Buenos Aires to organise the invasion of\nChile. It was\nnot an easy task and required something that had never been\ndone in terms of military logistics, making four thousand men\nsafely cross the Andes, properly dressed, armed and fed. It\nwas a monumental job, and a very expensive one. With Supreme\nDirector Pueyrredón in power in\nSan Martín finally had real support. The expedition would\ncross the Andes in the summer of 1817.\nThe expedition was successful. O'Higgins commanded two\nbattalions mostly formed by black slaves from Cuyo who would\nearn their freedom if they survived the fighting. The Army of\nthe Andes crossed the mountains and on\n17 February 1817, clashed with the royalists in Chacabuco, a few\nkilometres north of\nIt was a clear victory, but O'Higgins charged when he was not\nsupposed to and compromised the whole operation. The royalist\nforces fled Santiago and then disbanded. Some went to Lima,\nsome to Talcahuano. San Martín hesitated in pursuing them,\nleaving the royalists able to win back strength in Talcahuano.\nWhen San Martín declined the position of Supreme Director of\nChile, O'Higgins stepped into the fray. But soon he left\ntown and moved south to engage in war. O'Higgins attempted to\nmanage state affairs as best as he could. He stayed at\nConcepción, which had been occupied by the Patriots, and\nparticipated, in the midst of the rainy and cold winter, in\nthe siege of\n(as well as battling the Mapuche, who had allied themselves\nwith the royalists).\nDuring most of 1817 and the beginning of 1818, O'Higgins' job\nwas waging war. He fought in the mornings and afternoons, then\nwent home to Concepción. There he met Rosario Puga, a\ngood-looking married woman, and they became lovers. The sexual\nmores of the colonial era were gone, and the war made possible\nthis very unlikely union. Puga later bore Bernardo a son,\nAfter a failed attempt to take\nearly December 1817, and facing the arrival of new royalist\ntroops from Lima and Spain, again commanded by Osorio,\nO'Higgins, on the advice of San Martín, who had managed to\nrecover in Santiago, left Concepción. The strategy was one of\nterra nullius: the whole town of Concepción was evacuated and\nits inhabitants began a sorrowful journey towards Santiago.\nMeanwhile, O'Higgins managed to move the Army to\nTalca. There he engaged in a disastrous battle against\nOsorio. At first, the Patriots were winning. Then they stayed\nthe night at a place called Cancharayada, but didn't suspect\nthat Osorio would counter-attack. O'Higgins almost died that\nnight - a bullet destroyed his right elbow.\nThere were rumours of a tragedy in\nMendoza and Buenos Aires. O'Higgins and San Martín were\npresumed dead, and many Chileans began preparing for a change\nof government. Then Manuel Rodríguez, Carrera's friend who\nironically had served as a guerrilla leader and a spy for San\nMartín during the Spanish rule that followed Rancagua,\nthreatened to stage a Carrera-sponsored coup. His famous\ncri-de-guerre 'Citizens: we still have a fatherland!'\nmotivated the depressed patriots in Santiago. All this was\nmore than O'Higgins could muster. On the verge of death, pale\nand sick due to loss of blood, he left\nSan Fernando, where he was recovering, and in a hurried journey arrived\nSantiago in less than two days. Exhausted, he got to the\npresidential palace and almost fainted. Rodríguez' coup was\nWhile O'Higgins was delirious, San Martín rallied a force of\n4,000 to attack Osorio at Maipú. Now a\nsuburb, Maipú was a war at Santiago's gates. The people began\nhearing the canons on the morning of 5 April 1818. A feverish\nO'Higgins heard them too. He instantly mounted his horse and\nheaded to the battlefield. When he arrived, the fight was over\nand had been won by San Martín, and the two men embraced. It\nhad been a massacre for Osorio. Almost all of his 5,000 men\nwhere either dead or captured. Spain would never again\norganise such a force to attack\nChilean independence was now complete, except for the\nValdivia and Chiloé remained royalist strongholds. Bandits\nroamed the countryside. O'Higgins tried to restore order and\ngive some sort of national presence to his government.\nAlthough a theoretical democrat and admirer of the English\nmonarchy, he soon decided that the best form of government in\nChile at the time was a dictatorship. His dictatorship.\nTired of so many wars, most Chileans supported O'Higgins, and\nCarrera's support base disappeared. Two Carrera brothers, Luis\nand Juan José, who were held captive in\nthey tried to sneak into Chile to overthrow O'Higgins while he\nwas waging war in the south, were tried and executed.\nO'Higgins always claimed that he had pardoned the two men, but\nthat the letter of clemency had arrived in Mendoza just hours\nafter the Carreras died. Then Manuel Rodríguez, who had been\noffered a position in a foreign embassy but refused, was shot\nO'Higgins again claimed that he had no responsibility for the\nkilling, which had been carried out by soldiers, but never\nfully managed to prove that he had not given the order.\nAt the beginning of his administration, the Lautaro Lodge, a\nclandestine Argentine pro-independence organisation to which\nO'Higgins had been affiliated in\nhad some influence. Then internal quarrels among the\n'brothers' led to its dissolution.\nO'Higgins greatest obsession was the building of a fleet that\nwould sail to\ndepose Viceroy Pezuela. However,\nBuenos Aires was in anarchy and therefore no more money would be\nforthcoming in the wake of the battle of Maipú. Moreover, San\nMartín had been ordered to return to\nand fight in the civil war. He refused and instead stayed in\nChile and began preparing the invasion of\nO'Higgins decided that securing Chilean independence was more\nimportant than rebuilding the country, and understood that the\nexistence of a Viceroy in Lima made matters uncertain\nO'Higgins took out a British loan that seriously compromised\nChile's finances and finally got together a force of\ntwenty-five vessels commanded by Lord Thomas Cochrane, a\nBritish officer who had proven himself in the eyes of the\nSupreme Director by taking Valdivia, a Spanish stronghold in\nSouthern Chile, some months before. Cochrane would sail to\nand San Martín would command the troops in combat. The naval\nexpedition sailed from Valparaíso on 20 August 1820,\nO'Higgins' forty-second birthday.\nMeanwhile O'Higgins founded the\nAcademy, the Naval School, a public market for Santiago, and\ninstigated important developments in agricultural\ninfrastructure. At the same time, he fought fiercely against\naristocracy and church, particularly on the issue of taxes.\nSantiago's archbishop was exiled.\nO'Higgins had few close friends and most of the time he took\nrefuge in the patio of the government house where he had a\ngreen parrot whom he used as a confessor. In 1821 his nemesis\nJosé Miguel Carrera, who had fought with the federal forces in\nArgentina's civil war, formed a gang of Chilean soldiers and\nindigenous peoples and began stealing from the estancias\nin Argentina. He was eventually caught in Mendoza and shot.\nO'Higgins was not directly responsible, but did not spare\nRosario Puga had been acting as Bernardo's wife while still\nlegally married to another man. The relationship did not\nsoon engaged to a supporter of Carrera and became pregnant.\nDuring all this time, O'Higgins' family was his mother Isabel\nand his half-sister Rosa, who lived with him in the government\npalace. Isabel and Rosa became social figures in the small\nSantiago world - Rosa was a of patron of the arts, and engaged\nin the financing and production of many plays. When Puga left\nO'Higgins, she took away Bernardo's son Demetrio.\nProblems with the aristocracy, the church, the Carrerians and\nthe virtual bankruptcy of the government were exacerbated by\nan earthquake in 1822 and a controversial autocratic\nconstitution passed by O'Higgins that same year. Ramón Freire,\nformerly his closest ally, suddenly rallied the\nConcepción against O'Higgins. Soon the province of Coquimbo\nfollowed. With civil war pending, O'Higgins resigned from\ngovernment in January 1823 and departed for Peru with his\nAs O'Higgins had informed Bolívar's guests at the banquet,\nafter 1824 he had become a farmer, but was not very\nsuccessful. He kept in touch with some friends, but his dreams\nof a political comeback were impossible to achieve. After\nbriefly courting Mariscal Andrés de\nthe ambitious Bolivian general who created the\nPeruvian-Bolivian confederacy and then went to war against\nChile, O'Higgins descended into anonymity.\nIn 1842 he was finally re-installed in the Chilean rank of\nofficer and was given permission to return. While Bernardo\nO'Higgins was preparing to board the ship, he fell seriously\nill and died in October 1842.\nHis body was not brought back to\n1869. His soul probably still haunts the Chilean countryside\nwere he gave the best part of his life among the mud, horses\nand blood of so many battles.\n Un bravo general\ntemido de los enemigos y experimentado entre nuestros\noficiales y jefes, no puede menos que dar un nuevo grado de\naprecio a nuestro ejército… Ofrezco a usted un mando… propio a\ndistinguir a cualquier jefe que quiera señalarse en un campo\nde gloria, porque un cuerpo de\na las órdenes de usted debe contar con la victoria.\ngeneral O'Higgins era bravo hasta el extremo, pero sus\nconocimientos militares eran nulos.\n Señor, la\nAmérica está libre. Desde hoy el general O'Higgins ya no\nexiste; soy sólo el ciudadano particular Bernardo O'Higgins.\nDespués de Ayacucho mi misión está concluida.\n According to Pamela Pequeño's documentary La hija de\nO'Higgins (2001), Bernardo O'Higgins had a daughter,\nPetronila, by Patricia Rodríguez, his mother's nanny. As\nAmbrosio had done to him, Bernardo O'Higgins never\nacknowledged any of his children.\n- Amunátegui, Miguel Luis, La dictadura de O'Higgins (Madrid:\n- Barros Arana, Diego, Historia General de Chile\n(Santiago de Chile: Rafael Jover, Vols. 8-12, 1884-1902).\n- Carrera, José Miguel, Diario Militar (Santiago de\nChile: Imprenta Cervantes, 1900).\n- De Breffny, Brian, 'Ambrose O'Higgins: An enquiry into\nhis origins and ancestry' in The Irish Ancestor 2:2\n(1970), pp. 81-89.\n- De la Cruz, José María et al., Recuerdos de don\nBernardo O'Higgins (Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello,\n- Donoso, Ricardo, El marqués de Osorno don Ambrosio\nHiggins (Santiago de Chile: Publicaciones de la\nUniversidad de Chile, 1945).\n- Eyzaguirre, Jaime, O'Higgins (Santiago de Chile:\n- Hughes, Noel, Bernardo O'Higgins - In\nRichmond History, no. 18, 1997).\n- León, Leonardo, Reclutas forzados y desertores de la\npatria: El bajo pueblo chileno en la guerra de la\nindependencia in 'Historia' (Santiago de Chile), 35\n(2002), pp. 251-297.\n- Ruiz Moreno, Isidoro J., Campañas militares\nargentinas. La política y la guerra (Buenos Aires:\n- Twinam, Ann, Public lives, Private secrets.\nGender, Honor, Sexuality, and\nIllegitimacy in Colonial\n(Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1999).\n- Valencia Avaria, Luis, O'Higgins, el buen genio de\nAmérica (Santiago de Chile: Universitaria, 1980).\nMackenna, Benjamín, El Ostracismo\njeneral don Bernardo O'Higgins\n(Valparaíso: Imprenta y Librería de El Mercurio, 1860).", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Weddin Mountains National Park\nLearn more about why this park is special\nWeddin Mountains National Park is a special place. Here are just some of the reasons why:\nWhere there's a will\nIn 1936, the Seaton family began developing property on the western side of the Weddin Mountains as a pastoral enterprise. Money and resources were scarce during the Great Depression, so the farm was built using second-hand materials fashioned into solid structures. Seaton's Farm is a testimony to the ingenuity used by the Seatons when times were tough. It provides brilliant insight into how this farming family lived during the mid-1900s. The Weddin Mountains are also well-known as the hideout of bushrangers Ben Hall and John Bow, infamously involved in the Escort Robbery at Eugowra.\n- Seaton's Farm historic site An easy scenic walk to a perfect picnic spot against a backdrop of historic agricultural relics. Binoculars are also a must for the enthusiastic birdwatcher.\nThe Weddin Mountains are a large, crescent-shaped range that rises sharply from the surrounding plains. This prominent feature can be seen from up to 50km away. There are a number of interesting rock formations, cliff lines and small caves, particularly on the northern and eastern side of the mountain. Deep gullies between gentler slopes produce some lovely small waterfalls after a good rain.\n- Basin Gully to Eualdrie lookout track Enjoy a challenging walk? Highlights on this fantastic hiking track include ridges, gullies and scenic views that stretch toward Grenfell, as well as great birdwatching.\nThe Weddin Mountains harbour 12 threatened plant species and 39 threatened bird species. In spring, many lilies and orchids come into bloom, as do winged peppercress and slender darling pea. The diversity in vegetation from the base of the mountain to the top also accommodates a variety of bird species, from larger emus to smaller robins and thornbills. Raptors such as wedge-tailed eagles and peregrine falcons are often seen swooping and diving from the lookouts.\n- Bertha's Gully walking track This medium difficulty walk near Grenfell passes small waterfalls and rock overhangs along Bertha’s Gully. Stop by at the campground for a rest after your 6km walk.\n- Eualdrie walking track Eualdrie walking track is a short hiking route that offers scenic views, birdwatching and spring wildflowers.\n- Lynchs loop trail Lynchs loop trail is a short hike within Weddin Mountains National Park. The route is scenic and there are birdwatching opportunities.\nAny way you like it\nThe park offers both relaxing and adventurous recreational opportunities. Picnickers can enjoy a campfire and barbecue at Ben Hall's campground, while more adventurous visitors can walk the mountain range on a variety of walking tracks.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Sensor systems are becoming a primary data source on highly portable electronic technologies employed in potentially extreme environmental conditions and must be small, lightweight and rugged. Read More\nThe interconnection networks within those systems have evolved by using micro and nano-sized interconnection techniques.\nNew device technologies and chip developments have greatly extended the opportunities to use multiple sensors within one coordinated interface network. They detect, process data and support communications from module to module such as those working together on Net Warrior and Future Soldier applications. These also interface with mounted and upon unmanned roving vehicles within the battlefield. Further extensions of this technology are exhibited in new electro-optic sensors and in on-board controls for unmanned aerial vehicles. Recent additions, as well, are now being integrated into new ballistic devices for both remote and self-guidance control. Sensors are employed and perform superbly on satellite systems.\nWe also see new sensors in many neural modulation devices, such as new cochlear hearing and pain modulation in our medical industry.\nDisclaimer: by clicking on this button, you accept that your data might be communicated to this company. If you do not want us to communicate your data, please update your details on your profileDownload White Paper", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Reinberger Children’s Library Center\nRoom 314, University Library\nWhen you think of children’s picture books, you probably don’t think about scholarly research. But scholars come from all over the world to study the colorful collections and resources of the Reinberger Children’s Library Center (RCLC) at Kent State’s School of Library and Information Science.\nOpportunities abound for research into countless subjects in children’s and youth literature. Recent scholars have explored such varied topics as contemporary art, linguistic diversity, homelessness and social justice.\nSince its opening in 2003, after receiving a gift from the Reinberger Foundation of Cleveland, the center has been a popular gathering space for conferences, workshops, meetings and classes. Originally called the Reinberger Children’s Room, it was conceived as a “demonstration” children’s public and school library center to train students and practitioners.\nNot to be overlooked, however, according to the center’s director, Michelle Baldini, MLIS, is the significant acquisition of rich and diverse materials in children’s literature that has made the Reinberger a meaningful research facility.\nIn 2008, it expanded to house collections donated by the late Dr. Kenneth and Sylvia Marantz. The Marantz Picturebook Collection for the Study of Picturebook Art has grown to include more than 30,000 picture books from the past 40+ years, as well as posters, original artwork, ephemera and character toys.\nToday, the Reinberger boasts a non-circulating collection of more than 50,000 picture books, original picture book art, publisher posters from 1924 on, historical children’s books, movable, pop-up and toy books—and more. (See samples below.)\nTo encourage scholars to explore these rich collections, the school offers two annual research fellowships of up to $1,500 each.\nThe vision of the center, Baldini says, is “to be a portal of information and inspiration relating to the world of children through the study of children’s literature and youth services librarianship.”\nLearn more at www.kent.edu/slis/reinberger-childrens-library-center. To pursue scholarly research using the center’s collections or to schedule a tour, contact Michelle Baldini at firstname.lastname@example.org, 330-672-0017.\n1. 19th-Century Collection Pris and JDub’s Historical Children’s Book Nook contains 19th-century historically significant children’s books.\n2. Pop-Up Book, 2010 Paper Blossoms: A Book of Beautiful Bouquets for the Table by paper engineer Ray Marshall is one of more than 600 pop-up and movable books in the Carol G. Davis Pop-Up Collection.\n3. Punch and Judy Puppets, circa 1876 Donated by Priscilla Drach, these are the oldest puppets in the Reinberger’s large puppet collection.\n4. Artist Donation, 2013 Yuyi Morales, illustrator and author of many award-winning children’s books, spoke at Kent State’s annual Virginia Hamilton Conference on Multicultural Literature for Children in 2013; she drew this sketch of a deer at the event.\n5. Original Artwork, 1998 This cover illustration for The Horn Book Magazine, by Caldecott-award-winning author and illustrator Chris Raschka, is part of the Wolfenbarger Collection of Original Picturebook Art.\n6. Pop-Up and Movable Book, 2011 Encyclopedia Mythologica: Dragons and Monsters, by renowned paper engineers Matthew Reinhart and Robert Sabuda, is a popular book in the pop-up and movable collection. Sabuda gave the keynote address at Kent State’s symposium on children’s movable books in 2014.\n7. Beatrix Potter Books and Figurines The Margaret Alexander Beatrix Potter Collection contains all first editions and even pirated books by Beatrix Potter, along with collectible figurines.\n8. Marantz Correspondence Dr. Kenneth Marantz (a professor of art at Ohio State University) and his wife, Sylvia (a librarian), reviewed thousands of “picturebooks” (his preferred spelling), which they donated along with letters and cards from publishers, editors, authors and illustrators.\n9. Process Book Best-selling children’s author and illustrator Rosemary Wells gave the keynote at Kent State’s 2015 symposium on early childhood literacy. She donated manuscripts, original art and dummies from her 2014 book Stella’s Starliner. Pictured: the dummy she submitted to the publisher (above) and the finished book (below)", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Macbeth Paper Writing\nIf your assignment is to write an assay on Macbeth, one of the most famous plays by William Shakespeare, it doesn’t mean that knowing the plot of the play is enough. While you should possess good knowledge of Shakespeare’s biography and literary style, these facts need to be revealed only in connection with the question under your exploration. In a Macbeth essay, your main task is to study a certain aspect of the play in accordance with the topic, but not make an all-inclusive analysis in general words.\nMacbeth Research Paper\nThough writing a Macbeth research paper is not a rare assignment, its complicacy should not be undermined. Unfortunately, literary criticism is often regarded as an easy area for research writing. In the reality, you are going to carry out a profound analysis of this well-known play by an author we actually know little about. Your research may use the classical techniques of tragedy analysis together with your personal underlined viewpoint.", "label": "No"}
{"text": "You can specify a collation for ordering characters when you create or alter a table or create a domain or a user-defined type.\nIf you have specified a collation for a column, the collation is used implicitly in SQL statements.\nYou only need to explicitly use a collate clause in SQL statements if you want to override the default collation or the collation you specified when creating or altering the table or creating the domain or user-defined type.\nSQL only permits compatible character strings to be compared. That is, you can compare character strings only if the source and target strings belong to the same collation or can be coerced into having the same collation.\nA character string that is defined with a named collation can only be compared or assigned to a character string that is either defined with the same named collation or is defined without a collation.\nIn the case where one of the strings is not associated with a named collation then it will be implicitly coerced to the same collation as the other string.\nString Comparison Examples\nThe following three comparisons are all legal (and equivalent):job_title = 'developer' COLLATE english_1 job_title COLLATE english_1 = 'developer' job_title COLLATE english_1 = 'developer' COLLATE english_1\nBut -job_title COLLATE english_1 = 'developer' COLLATE swedish_1\nis illegal because different collations are specified.\nWhen creating or altering a table, you can specify a collation in the column-definition, for example:CREATE TABLE employees (surname CHAR(20) COLLATE swedish_1 ...\nCREATE DOMAIN and CREATE TYPE\nWhen creating a domain or a user-defined type, you can specify a collation for the character and national character string data types, for example:CREATE DOMAIN name_type AS VARCHAR(48) COLLATE english_1; CREATE TYPE car_models AS VARCHAR(48) COLLATE english_1;\nAll properties of a domain or a user-defined type apply to the column when the domain/type is used in a\nTo improve performance when retrieving data, you can create more than one index for a column using different collations, for example:CREATE INDEX cnt_eng_ind ON countries (country COLLATE english_3); CREATE INDEX cnt_swe_ind ON countries (country COLLATE swedish_3);\nWhich index that will be used depends on the situation. For example:SELECT * FROM countries ORDER BY country COLLATE english_3;\nwill use the\nAndSELECT * FROM countries ORDER BY country COLLATE swedish_3;\nwill use the\nA collation specified in the column-definition will take precedence over a domain or user-defined type collation.\nContinuing with the example above, the domain collation was set to\nenglish_1, but in the following example the column\ncountryis set to\nswedish_1, which takes precedence over the domain setting:CREATE TABLE countries ( code CHARACTER(2), country name_type COLLATE swedish_1, ...\nAltering Collations on Columns\nYou can change the collation specified for a column by using the\nALTER TABLEstatement, for example:ALTER TABLE countries ALTER COLUMN country CHAR(20) COLLATE english_1;\nTo return to the default (\nISO8BIT)sorting order, you would enter:ALTER TABLE countries ALTER COLUMN country CHAR(20) COLLATE ISO8BIT;\nBy altering a collation, for example to the default\nISO8BITcollation, you can remove any dependencies associated with the collation. This makes it possible to drop the collation - see the next section.\nDropping a Collation\nYou can drop a collation only if there are no dependencies, for example:DROP COLLATION collation_name RESTRICT;\nFinding Out the Default Collation For a ColumnYou can find out which collation a column uses by reviewing the\nINFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNSview, for example:\nSELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE table_name = 'table1' AND column_name = 'col1';\nFor more information, see the Mimer SQL Reference Manual, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.\nMimer Information Technology AB\nVoice: +46 18 780 92 00\nFax: +46 18 780 92 40", "label": "No"}
{"text": "Planet Earth pays too much for cheap apparel. Clothes can in fact also be colored ecologically\nIt is striking that up to 20% of industrial water pollution in China comes from dyeing or coloring textiles.\nAccording to the World Trade Bank, up to 20% of industrial water pollution in China comes from dyeing of textiles. The survey says there are about 72 toxic chemicals in water, of which 30 can not be removed from the water at all.\nChina and India are among the two most important textile giants in the world. Turnover from their production and export counts in billions of dollars.\nPeople working for these textile factories though are rewarded by only a fraction of this dizzying sum. Many have to work under conditions that they can hardly call suitable. In addition, their own health is endangered. Insufficient regulation in companies producing and dyeing textiles is also a burden on the surrounding environment.\nDischarging of colored waste into rivers with near zero regulation\nAt present, pollution of industrial waste streams in these countries is alarming.\nChinese textile industry will use more than two and a half trillion liters of water per year in its factories. However, the neutralization of such wastewater is incredibly costly and therefore many companies neglect it.\nGiven the lack of regulation by the authorities or the absolute absence of suitable wastewater treatment plants, China releases toxic metals such as tributyltin, phthalates, perfluorooctane sulfonate or aniline into its watercourse.\nMany of these substances are subject to very strict regulation in other countries. These are substances that are highly toxic and can cause cancer and dangerous hormonal changes in the body.\nThe tax on high turnover is paid by the poorest\nAn example is one of the 133 Chinese cities dedicated exclusively to the production and sale of textiles. The environmental impact in the city of Xintang, also known as the \"World city of Jeans\", on its Dong River is disastrous.\nAs a result of the discharge of wastewater form local textile producer, this river became completely unusable for the city's population. The water is not drinkable, people can not do the laundry or swim in it. In addition, water is often discharged from its bed and degrades crops near human homes.\nCity Xintang covers approximately 40% of denim demand in the US per year. Source: Greenpeace.org\nBelgian scientists have come up with a sustainable solution\nThe unnamed coloring house in Belgium, in 2017, tested a new method for wastewater treatment in conjunction with scientists from the European Research Project. In this way, the factory wanted to reduce the environmental impact and costs of treating its wastewater.\nWater stained with blue color. Source: Euronews.com\nThe project worked with a two-step cleaning method that is capable of removing the color, toxic substances and salts contained in the wastewater with almost 96 % efficiency:\nstage – involves electrocoagulation that removes dye from the water\nstage – continues with reverse osmosis, which gets the water rid of salt\nAccording to scientists, the water thus purified can be reused in the future for dyeing textiles.\nA similar two-stage cleaning will create a cycle that will ultimately save the factory up to 75% of the cost of new water.\nApparel does not have to kill us\nA method known from ancient Egyptian times has been sought to be revived by various eco-friendly startups in recent decades. It is a method of coloring using natural pigments.\nThey are more friendly to the human organism and nature, they do not contain dangerous chemicals, toxins or salts. The clothing is mostly natural indigo on blue, resin on violet, certain plants on red, brown and yellow plants and minerals on gray and black.\nThis is how the clothing is manufactured by the method thousands of years old. Source: Industry of All Nations\nPollution of water and watercourses is one of the biggest ecological problems of the present. If we buy cheap and fast fashion made for short consumption, we also have a share of it.\nTherefore, do not ignore the urgency of this topic and try to contribute to the improvement of the world situation with our own decisions.\nAre you interested in this topic? Also read our article on the world´s 9 most colorfull rivers, whose unusual shade caused is caused by hazardous waste escaping from the factory.\nThe 44th annual winter amateur competition of individuals in cross country skiing – „Vodohospodářska třicítka“ took place on 19th of...", "label": "No"}
{"text": "From a Botanical point of view the bamboo species is not considered to be a Tree, instead it is seen to be a kind of Grass. The Bamboo Family is composed by a large group of about 1000 perennial evergreen species. Some of these species are relatively small and some of them run among some of the largest types of grass known to man. New Bamboo shoots can grow up to 3’ feet per day. The bamboo tree is a plant native to the Asian continent, but it may also be found in various parts of the world. The Bamboo species is extremely important within China and has been used for centuries in the production of things such as paper, construction materials and food.\nBotanical Name: Phyllostachys spp.\nCountry of Origin: The Bamboo species which is used predominantly for Hardwood Flooring is found growing mostly in China and Vietnam. There are other types Bamboo species which grow all over the world, in areas such as Australia, India, Africa and the Americas.\nSpecies and Names: There are over 1000 bamboo species in the world. Each Culture has its own unique name for the bamboo. For example, in China the Bamboo wood species is called Zhu, in Japan you can find it under the name Take and Tre in Vietnam.\nLook and Color: The Bamboo is not a real wood and the process of making Bamboo Hardwood Flooring is unique and different from other hardwood flooring manufacturing. There are two looks available: Bamboo Natural and Bamboo Carbonized. The Natural Bamboo has a very bright creamy yellowish color, which is very similar to that of the Maple Natural color. The Carbonized Bamboo Hardwood has darker brownish color which looks somewhat similar to the color of the Oak species. Another kind of Bamboo Hardwood available is the Strand Woven style. This style comes in both Natural and Carbonized colors and is considered to be much stronger and durable than its Bamboo alternatives. This is because the Strand Woven Bamboo is layers upon layers of handcrafted Bamboo, which makes it even stronger and longer lasting than Classic Solid Hardwood Flooring.\nGrain Texture: The grain pattern on Bamboo is derived from the specific manufacturing process used when creating the Bamboo Hardwood. There are two ways of laminating the bamboo strips: Horizontal Bamboo and Vertical Bamboo. Both of these Laminating styles come in Natural and Carbonized color. The Strand Woven Bamboo is a hybrid of the Horizontal and Vertical styles.\nHardness and Strength: In not being a “true” wood, the Bamboo species varies in strength and durability depending on the manufacturing process and the selected Bamboo stalks used. Usually, older Bamboo plants will result in a stronger and harder Bamboo Hardwood. On the Janka Hardness Test the Carbonized Bamboo received a score of 1180 while the Natural Bamboo is slightly harder with a score of 1380. When comparing to popular Hardwood styles, the Red Oak Hardwood receives a score of 1290, a way between the two Bamboo styles. Strand Woven Bamboo Hardwood is considered to be the strongest, hardest style within the Bamboo industry. As for the Dimensional Stability test, the Bamboo plant reacts very well to moisture, which is an effect of the specific engineered construction and manufacturing of Bamboo Hardwood.\nUses in the Wood Industry: The Bamboo plant is a very useful wood species that is growing in popularity around the globe and being used in a variety of industries. In Asia it is well known as a source of food and is used for all kinds of materials and constructions. Within the Hardwood Industry, the Bamboo species has nearly an infinite amount of uses. It is well used in residential construction, fences, bridges, toilets, walking sticks, canoes, tableware, furniture, chopsticks, food steamers, toys and much, much more. The Bamboo Wood has also been used for making musical instruments, skateboards and surfboards. The Bamboo Hardwood flooring industry is constantly growing, with new products made daily. Bamboo has had an increase in demand due to its fast reproductive features, unlike the “Tree” species such as Oak, Brazilian Teak and Maple, the Bamboo Hardwood takes a couple years to mature, making it one of the most environmentally friendly products.", "label": "No"}