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https://insmed.com/management-team/walter-perkins-ph-d/ | 2020-11-26T01:33:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141185851.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20201126001926-20201126031926-00427.warc.gz | 0.966446 | 217 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__178565558 | en | Walter joined Insmed in December 2010 in connection with the business combination between Insmed and Transave. Prior to this, Walter joined Transave in 2002 and served as Chief Technology Officer. Walter has over 25 years’ experience utilizing nanoparticle drug delivery systems for multiple routes of administration including inhalation and has authored 80 scientific publications and U.S. patent applications. Prior to Transave, Walter spent 15 years with The Liposome Company (later a part of Elan Drug Delivery), where he was involved in the design of several lipid-based drug delivery systems, including an artificial lung surfactant formulation, and helped in the characterization, development, and launch of the company’s two commercial products Abelcet® and Myocet®. As part of Elan’s Drug Delivery Division, Walter played a lead role in the implementation of liposome technology in both inter-divisional projects and corporate partnerships. Walter received his bachelor and doctoral degrees in Biophysical Chemistry from the University of Virginia, where he studied liposomes as model membrane systems. | chemistry |
https://www.lab-science.eu/en/network-members/cleantech99/ | 2022-10-02T20:11:25 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337339.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002181356-20221002211356-00285.warc.gz | 0.885418 | 575 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__164629966 | en | CleanTech99 is specialised in decontamination, bio-decontamination and high-level disinfection solutions for clean rooms and related controlled atmosphere environments.
CleanTech99 provides its customers with protocols and equipment that enable them to meet their health requirements optimally through recurrent or more specific interventions (clearances or crisis management).
CleanTech99’s HyperDryMist® solution was nominated for the Prix Galien 2017 – Scientific rigour, excellence, innovation.
CleanTech99 has made it its mission to bring innovation to disinfection processes through solutions based on nebulisation..
Fields of expertise :
- Industry and services,
- Health institutions (infections and nosocomial diseases in particular),
High level disinfection: the HyperDryMist® solution
The solution based on the HyperDryMist® product from 99 Technologies, for which CleanTech99 is the exclusive distributor in France, means you can intervene whenever microbial burden control is needed:
- Micro-nebulisation of a solution of H2O2 combined with a set of co-formulants (IP),
- Fully automated disinfection and bio-decontamination process,
- Disinfection of surfaces, environment and equipment,
- High level disinfection: preventive cycles up to decontamination > 6-log,
- System comprising a micro-nebuliser (apparatus generating micro-nebulisation) and a patented disinfectant solution (nebulised biocidal agent).
Deployment of the HyperDryMist® decontamination solution goes through 3 steps:
- Test in Vivo in Vitro,
- Health and ultra-cleanliness (UP) validation,
- Compliance (AFNOR NF T72 281, USP, EN and P4 Lab) and traceability.
The HyperDryMist® solution offered by CleanTech99:
- eradicates very high levels of contamination,
- is extremely flexible: decontamination from 2 to 6 logs,
- offers maintenance disinfection cycles validated in the laboratory,
- suitable for high level invasion: non-contact disinfection of inaccessible points by manual disinfection,
- is extremely easy to use,
- is safe for materials and equipment, very low levels of residues, dry surfaces left after treatment,
- is transportable, extremely mobile in production plants,
- has broad spectrum efficiency, tested according to EN standards,
- is scalable, to disinfect larger surfaces,
- ensures a high level of safety (disinfectant classified as irritant but non-toxic),
- shows good profitability.
Website : www.cleantech99.com
Would you like more information? | chemistry |
https://www.dornbirn-gfc.com/en/sponsors/platin-sponsors/lenzing-ag | 2023-05-28T08:58:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643663.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528083025-20230528113025-00023.warc.gz | 0.911243 | 126 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__211104983 | en | The Lenzing GroupINNOVATIVE BY NATURE
As a global company in the field of high-performance materials Lenzing transforms CO2 and sunlight into highly functional, emotional and aesthetic products - botanical cellulose fibers with which we supply the global textile and nonwovens industry.
The Lenzing Group is the only manufacturer worldwide that produces all three generations of cellulose fibers from wood.
Our success is based on our consistent customer orientation together with our leadership in innovation, technology and quality. We are committed to the principles of sustainable management and very high environmental standards. | chemistry |
https://bpharmaceuticals.com/Testosterone_enanthate_10ml_250mg.php | 2024-02-22T10:28:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473738.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222093910-20240222123910-00261.warc.gz | 0.910043 | 219 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__171357007 | en | Testosterone enanthate 10ml 250mg
Molecular Formula: C19H28O2 Molecular Weight: 288.42442 g/mol Testosterone is responsible for the normal growth and development of the male sex organs and for the maintenance of the secondary sexual characteristics. The drug can affect the growth of the prostate, testis, seminal vesicles, penis and scrotum and also is important for body growth. Even though testosterone is an androgenic hormone, it does posses anabolic properties. Its use has been shown to promote protein synthesis and a positive nitrogen balance in the presence of a rich calorie diet. Testosterone also has the ability to cause a mild increase in the production of red blood cells by stimulating the synthesis of EPO from the kidney. This results in an increase in the red blood cells and hence an increase in the oxygen carrying capacity. When testosterone is taken for prolonged periods, it inhibits the release of Gonadotropins from the pituitary gland through a negative feedback mechanism. At large doses, it can even inhibit spermatogenesis. | chemistry |
https://www.littlebupbup.com/product-page/childs-farm-bubble-bath-organic-tangerine | 2021-08-01T19:19:03 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154219.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20210801190212-20210801220212-00446.warc.gz | 0.839907 | 368 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__37436115 | en | Childs Farm Baby Bedtime Bubbles Organic Tangerine Oil 250ml
Gorgeous smelling Childs Farm bubble bath, will leave your little one clean, moisturised and their skin snuggly soft. Made with organic tangerine oil, you are guaranteed happy skin and fun bath times!
Suitable for newborn babies upwards. Dermatologist and paediatrician approved, as it's suitable for sensitive skin and safe for people who may be prone to eczema.
Childs Farm bubble bath, organic tangerine 250ml is registered with The Vegan Society and certified by Cruelty Free International!
Aqua (Water), Sodium Coco-Sulfate,Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Decyl Glucoside, Benzyl Alcohol, Coco-Glucoside, Glycerin, Sodium Chloride, Citric Acid, Parfum (Fragrance), Sodium Lauryl Glucose Carboxylate, Limonene, Sucrose Laurate, Lauryl Glucoside, Dehydroacetic Acid, Alcohol, Citrus Reticulata (Tangerine) Peel Oil*, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Citrate, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Sorbic Acid (* Denotes Certified Organic Ingredient). Please check the label before using this product as we may make small ingredient changes
Add a generous slug to warm running water and relax or play in fragrant bubbles. If product gets in eyes, rinse well with water. External use only. If irritation occurs wash with copious amounts of water. If irritation continues, stop use. Always patch test. We recommend that you carry out a patch test 24 hours before using any product for the first time. | chemistry |
http://www.graystonecreations.com/water_treatments.shtml | 2014-09-22T18:12:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657137145.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011217-00323-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.885083 | 701 | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-41__0__190245690 | en | |Pond Liner & Underlayment|
|Pond Kits & Pond |
Free Waterfall Kits
|Waterfall Spillways & Pond Free Waterfall Supplies|
|Pond Installation |
|Biological Filters &|
|Pond Care & Maintenance|
|Aerating Fountains & Fountain Nozzles|
|Pond Care Water Treatment Products|
|Lawn and Garden Treatment Products|
|Large Pond and Lake Management|
|Fish Care Fish Food|
|Garden, Pond Decor |
|Fountain Pumps & Supplies|
|Garden Fountain Kits and Supplies|
|Fountain Making Supplies|
|Viaaqua Pump Replacement Parts|
|Fountain Building & Consultation|
On 11-11 HGTV featured the American Pond Kit on their "Don't Sweat It" edition. Across America viewers were able to see the ease of installation and the beauty of a backyard pond using the American Pond system. Thanks America and Thank You HGTV!
Carbon, when used in an aquarium application, is a form of chemical filtration that is capable of doing a multitude of things. It helps remove odors, discoloration, medications, organics and inorganics from the water by allowing those particles to bond or become trapped by the pores in the carbon. It also helps water clarity by polishing the water, more so then a fine filter pad. The finest of filter pads still have larger pores then carbon, rendering carbon a powerful tool in removing particles at the microscopic level. BUT, be sure to use a filter pad to prevent the carbon from prematurely gunking up.
Trapping the particles in the pores is called absorption; just like a sponge, it provides a porous surface area for particles to get ‘stuck’ in. One may ask, “If it’s like a sponge, can’t I just rinse it?” There is another process called adsorption; notice a “d” instead of the “b.” This process actually chemically bonds particulates, therefore trapping them in the chemical makeup of your carbon. Particulates that are adsorbedcannot be removed by any conventional standards. Think of it like baking a cake; all of the ingredients are separately added and the outcome is drastically different then a bowl of eggs, milk and other cake batter ingredients. Now think if you wanted to back track while making a cake; you would have to go to a science lab and chemically extract each ingredient and even then, that may not be possible as the protein in the milk may have bonded with the egg whites, and so on. So once your water smells or is becoming discolored; it’s time for new carbon. No matter how much you rinse your carbon, it is effectively useless for chemical filtration once all of the pores are clogged.
Investing in a high quality activated carbon will help ensure that your filtration system is performing at its best by providing an ample amount of pores for particles to stick or bond to. Replacing your carbon monthly or when your water begins to yellow or smell, will ensure that your water is healthy. Having trouble telling what color your water is? Try pouring a cup full of water into a clean toilet. Does the toilet water change color? If so, time for new carbon! | chemistry |
https://www.davinciskinclinic.com.au/product-page/brow-tint-rescue-kit | 2020-07-06T07:58:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655890157.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706073443-20200706103443-00017.warc.gz | 0.843684 | 673 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__77277781 | en | Brow Tint Rescue Kit
Brow Code Tint Shades:
All shades of Brow Code Brow Tint can be mixed together to create a variation of colours:
• Natural Brown – Very dark and well concealing brown
• Light Brown – Ideal when applied on light blonde to light brown hair
Your kit includes enough tint for two to three applications, 2 application brushes, Bodyography Brow pencil in Taupe or Brown to fill in and guiide your application, cotton buds, wipes and a voucher for 50% off a Brow Shape and Tint when we reopen
Please ensure you test patch prior to use.
ALLERGIES: There are a small number of individuals who show an allergic reaction to hair colors. In very rare cases this reaction may be severe. In order to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction it is important to carry out a skin sensitivity test. This skin sensitivity test must be carried out 48 hours before each application to ascertain if there is an allergy or sensitivity against the product or if such has emerged since the last application. In exceptional cases irritations can occur only after 72 hours. If you know that hypersensitivity could be on hand, leave the mixture for 72 hours on the skin. Instructions: Mix 1cm of Brow Code Tint with 1 cm of Oxidant 3% liquid or crème . Apply a small amount to a small area on the inner bend of the elbow or behind the ear. Allow to dry and leave uncovered for 48 to 72 hours, then clean thoroughly. If any irritation occurs during this time do not carry out the treatment.
Tint: Aqua, Cetearyl Alcohol, p-Phenylenediamine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Resorcinol, m-Aminiphenol, Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate, p-Aminiphenol, CI77499, CI 77491, CI 77492
Cream Oxidant3% 10vol: Aqua, Hydrogen Peroxide, Ethanol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Sodium Lauryl Supphate, Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate, Phosphoric Acid, Tetrasodium EDTA, Disodium Phosphate
Before Brow Tinting:
1. Remove all eye makeup before tinting the eyebrows using our latest technology in Micellar Eye Makeup Remover
2. In order to achieve the optimum tinting results, the eyebrows should be dry and free of all oils and sebum as this can create a barrier against all Brow Code Tints and it will not adhere to the surface layer of the skin or the hair.
Preparation of tint:
Immediately before tinting mix equal parts of Brow Tint and Cream or Liquid Oxidant into a creamy paste using the enclosed application stick. The mixing ratio is 1:1 / equal parts (Generally 4 drops of Cream or Liquid Oxidant is enough to make an even paste)
1. When the customer has closed the eyes, apply the tint to the eyebrows using the application stick until they are completely covered in tint.
2. Ensure the tint is directly placed in the shape you are wanting to achieve as it can slightly stain the skin.
3. Application times vary depending on customer, desired intensity and results achieved between 5 – 12min | chemistry |
https://rareearthsnorway.com/our-project/european-raw-material-alliance | 2024-04-18T10:39:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817206.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418093630-20240418123630-00292.warc.gz | 0.869259 | 112 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__153990969 | en | European Raw Material Alliance
Prioritized by European Raw Materials Alliance
Rare Earths Norway is proud to announce that ERMA – the European Raw Materials Alliance – endorsed us in 2022. https://erma.eu
ERMA is part of the EU-funded European Institute of Innovation and Technology – Raw Materials – EIT RM. https://eitrawmaterials.eu
The endorsement recognizes the importance of the Fen REE deposit, which probably is the largest REE resource in Europe, and its significance for the industrial transition from fossil to renewable technologies. | chemistry |
https://cbdispeace.com/product/medoil-sleeping-cbd-pills/ | 2023-12-10T16:43:21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102612.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210155147-20231210185147-00297.warc.gz | 0.85841 | 377 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__109896377 | en | Medterra’s Dissolvable Sleep Tablets combine 25mg of CBD with 10mg of melatonin to provide a restful night’s sleep. Our sleep tablets allow the option of using CBD for sleep by allowing the user to place the tablet under the tongue before bedtime and allowing it to dissolve before swallowing. Each tablet is conveniently scored to allow the user to consume half (1/2) of the sleep tablet if they are sensitive to melatonin. Our sleep tablets contain natural spearmint flavoring.
Tablets per Bottle: 30
0% THC | NON-GMO | MADE IN USA | NO PESTICIDES | LABORATORY TESTED
Grown and extracted from the USA, our quality CBD is fully compliant under the Kentucky Department of Agricultural Industrial Hemp Pilot Program. Our CBD products are legal and shipped to all 50 states and internationally. All of our CBD products contain 0% THC, guaranteed. Our whole plant CO2 extraction allows us to draw the CBD from the plant material and filter out unnatural substances, maximizing pure CBD concentration. Each and every product that leaves the facility is third-party tested to ensure consistency and quality.
We stand by our 30 day money back guarantee if you are unsatisfied with our product.
Orders placed Monday – Friday will be shipped within 1-2 business days.
Active Ingredients: 99%+ CBD Isolate, Melatonin
Inactive Ingredients: Avocado Oil Powder, Spearmint, Stevia, D-Mannitol, Xylitol, MCC, Crospovidone, Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Anhydrous, Magnesium Stearate, Silica Dioxide
- Dissolves Quickly
- Pesticide Free and Non-GMO
- Take before bedtime
- Zero THC Guaranteed | chemistry |
https://legacytc.mx/en/destilerias/ | 2024-02-22T14:11:37 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473819.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20240222125841-20240222155841-00054.warc.gz | 0.936383 | 143 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__72971771 | en | All of us who are involved in fermentation have considered taking our activity to the next level: distilling. At Legacy we have designed the right systems for proper and safe distillation of spirits. We can manufacture the equipment for your distillery as you need it, for the volume you require.
We have created alliances with the best copper producers from Michoacán to deliver hybrid distillation systems that combine the strength and durability of stainless steel with the malleability, aesthetics and functionality of copper caps, coils and condensers to give you the perfect distillation process.
We can manufacture equipment for distilling: mezcal and tequila, whiskey, vodka and gin, and other distillates. | chemistry |
https://completesupplements.co.uk/Antarctic-Krill-Oil-Gel-Capsules | 2021-07-30T19:24:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153980.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730185206-20210730215206-00137.warc.gz | 0.91332 | 196 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__58015338 | en | A pure source of omega 3 and astaxanthin
Antarctic Krill Oil (Euphausia superba) is a pure and natural source of high concentration omega 3 oil, the powerful antioxidant astaxanthin, as well as high levels of phospholipids - a fundamental component of human cell membranes.
Krill oil is used for the same reasons as cod liver oil, flax oil and other omega 3 fatty acids, but is often favoured because it doesn't cause fishy burps or an after-taste - a common side effect of fish oil.
The fact that it contains astaxanthin is also unique. The ultimate antioxidant - researchers have found that it may be more powerful than vitamin E, beta-carotene and lutein. It can also enhance the action of other antioxidants, such as vitamin E and C.
60 capsules (500mg): A pure source of Omega 3 and astaxanthin | chemistry |
https://artesianpools.com/tag/pool-maintenance/ | 2024-04-16T16:11:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817103.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20240416155952-20240416185952-00386.warc.gz | 0.891859 | 794 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__48854806 | en | Hey there, fellow pool enthusiast! Maintaining your pool water chemistry is the key to enjoying those sparkling, crystal-clear waters all summer. Don’t worry; with a bit of knowledge and some regular care, you can keep your pool looking inviting and refreshing. Let’s dive into some essential pool water chemistry tips!
1. Test Your Water Regularly
The first rule of thumb is to know what you’re dealing with. Invest in a good quality pool water testing kit. You’ll want to check your water’s pH, chlorine, alkalinity, and calcium hardness levels.
2. pH Balance
pH measures how acidic or basic your pool water is on a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. To keep it comfortable for swimming and to protect your equipment, aim for a pH level between 7.4 and 7.6. If it’s too high, add pH minus; if it’s too low, add pH plus.
3. Chlorine Levels
Chlorine is your pool’s best friend. It sanitizes the water and keeps it safe. Aim for a chlorine level between 1 and 3 ppm (parts per million). Use chlorine tablets, liquid, or granules to adjust as needed.
4. Total Alkalinity (TA)
Alkalinity is a buffer for pH levels. Ideally, keep your TA between 80 and 120 ppm. If it’s too low, use an alkalinity increaser; if it is too high, use pH minus.
5. Calcium Hardness
To protect your pool’s structure and equipment, maintain between 200 and 400 ppm calcium hardness levels. Adjust it as needed with a calcium hardness increaser or a dilution method.
6. Shock Your Pool
Regularly shocking your pool with a non-chlorine or chlorine shock treatment helps kill bacteria and break down organic contaminants. Follow the product instructions, especially after heavy pool usage or heavy rainfall.
7. Circulation and Filtration
Ensure your pool’s pump and filter work correctly. Proper circulation and filtration help distribute chemicals evenly and remove debris. Clean your filter regularly to ensure optimal performance.
8. Skimming and Cleaning
Remove debris like leaves, insects, and dirt from the surface with a skimmer. Vacuum your pool regularly to keep it free from algae and other contaminants affecting water chemistry.
9. Sunscreen and Swim Gear
Ask your swimmers to rinse off sunscreen and other products before jumping in. These substances can throw off your pool’s water chemistry.
10. Keep Records
Create a pool water log to track your testing results, chemical additions, and maintenance activities. It’ll help you spot trends and anticipate when adjustments are needed.
A Clean Pool Means More Fun
Maintaining proper pool water chemistry is an ongoing process, not a one-time fix. Regularly testing and adjusting your pool water will ensure it stays clear, safe, and ready for a refreshing dip whenever desired. Happy swimming, and enjoy those crystal-clear waters!
Are you ready to turn your backyard into a personal oasis of relaxation and luxury? Look no further than Artesian Pools! We specialize in crafting custom-built pools that meet and exceed your expectations. Imagine the joy of having a beautifully designed pool, tailored to your unique style and preferences, right in your backyard. With Artesian Pools, you’re not just getting a pool; you’re getting an experience that will enhance your lifestyle and create lasting memories.Contact Artesian Pools today, and let’s start the journey to transform your backyard into a stunning retreat that you, your family, and your friends will cherish for years to come. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to make | chemistry |
https://alchemistcoffeecompany.com/about/packaging/ | 2019-11-20T16:33:44 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670597.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20191120162215-20191120190215-00107.warc.gz | 0.955825 | 575 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__97299165 | en | Our brewed coffee is carefully stored in kegs with detailed labeling in the spirit of transparency and quality assurance.
What goes onto our labels?
Once picked, coffee cherries are processed in one of two ways. The oldest way, also known as the “natural” or “dry” method, is to allow the cherry to dry in the sun. The fruit ferments and imparts upon the bean unpredictable flavors, which can result in exciting fruitiness in each cup. Although the dry method can lead to a more dynamic taste, it can be unpredictable and inconsistent; in some instances, the fruit rots, leading to beans poor in quality. The second method is the “washed” or “wet” method, which involves soaking the cherries in stainless steel vats for a period of time, allowing them to ferment briefly before they are sent through a wet mill. This removes the fruit before it has a chance to impart significant flavor on the bean, resulting in greater consistency and a “cleaner,” more elegant flavor profile.
Total Dissolved Fluids (TDS)
TDS essentially tells us how strong the coffee is. A regular cup of coffee is composed primarily of water (in addition to anything present in the water during the brewing process) as well as approximately 1.3% to 1.5% coffee bean solubles, such as caffeine. For comparison, an espresso has a high concentration of coffee solubles, reaching generally 7% to 12.5%. Alchemist Draft Coffee has a TDS of 1.45 – right around the upper end of a strong cup of coffee, but not strong enough to give you a headache or to make you dizzy unlike some cold brews.
Most coffee we drink comes from the species “Coffea Arabica,” and within that species are many varietals which affect the flavor of the cup, such as Bourbon, Typica and Geisha. This is comparable to wine in that all vines are of the species “Vitis Vinifera” which contains varietals such as Pinot Noir and Chardonnay.
This number signifies the percentage of each individual coffee bean which has dissolved into the water. 32% of a coffee bean is soluble in water, but the “sweet spot” for the grinder we use at Alchemist is between 20% and 22% for the “Antithesis Blend” and 21% to 24% for our single origin offerings. This “Goldilocks Zone” of extraction produces a brew with a good balance of acidity, aromatics, tannins and sweetness. The coffee is carefully brewed to include all elements that make coffee taste good while avoiding the compounds which induce bitter, sour or astringent flavors. | chemistry |
https://www.pennpress.org/9780812233360/inventing-polymer-science/ | 2023-01-27T05:13:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764494936.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20230127033656-20230127063656-00498.warc.gz | 0.895168 | 349 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__220749667 | en | Inventing Polymer Science
Staudinger, Carothers, and the Emergence of Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania Press Anniversary Collection Anniversary Collection
It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of polymer science to life in the twentieth century. Developments in polymer chemistry and engineering have led not only to the creation of a variety of substances such as synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, and plastic but also to discoveries about proteins, DNA, and other biological compounds that have revolutionized western medicine. For these reasons, the history of the discipline tells an important story about how both our material and intellectual worlds have come to be as they are.
Yasu Furukawa explores that history by tracing the emergence of macromolecular chemistry, the true beginning of modern polymer science. It is a lively book, given human interest through its focus on the work of two of the central figures in the development of macromolecular chemistry, Hermann Staudinger and Wallace Carothers. In Inventing Polymer Science, Furukawa examines the origins and development of the scientific work of Staudinger and Carothers, illuminates their different styles in research and professional activities, and contrasts the peculiar institutional and social milieux in which they pursued their goals.
1. Background, 1800-1920
2. Staudinger and the Macromolecule
3. Carothers and the Art of Macromolecular Synthesis
4. Triumph and Struggles of Two Giants
5. Restoration of the Physicalist Approach
6. The Legacy of Staudinger and Carothers
List of Abbreviations | chemistry |
http://red-bag.com/pcc/doc/pipeclass/buildingpc.html | 2017-03-01T20:24:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501174276.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104614-00158-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.907324 | 225 | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__161762554 | en | The selection of pipe components is mostly determined by the properties of the process fluid. The chemical substance, the pressure and temperature determine the required resistance and strength of the material. Also some external factors such as wind loads can have an influence on the design of the piping and indirectly on the selection of the pipe components.
The pipe class is a toolbox for the pipe designer with the approved components for specific process conditions. With these components the designer can build the pipe line.
The piping engineer can commence with building the pipe classes when the process (and utility) design is completed. The process design will include the tentative line sizing and the material choice for the pipe systems.The piping engineer will consider the corrosion allowances and tolerance necessary for the overall plant lifecycle.
The PCC program allows the piping engineer to select the pipe components based on the information stated above. Easy edit windows make updates of the pipe specification efficient. Copy and paste facilities provide additonal flexibility when building new pipe classes. All the pipe classes are organized in projects, each project can be considered as a complete pipe specification for the respective plant or unit. | chemistry |
http://tipstechnews.com/u-s-navy-wants-to-weaponize-slime-to-stop-enemy-ships/ | 2020-07-09T00:59:46 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655897844.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709002952-20200709032952-00325.warc.gz | 0.9548 | 562 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__83501014 | en | Whether it’s autonomous ships with no crew or ultra-strong underwater glue inspired by mussels, the U.S. Navy has some pretty intriguing research projects. Their latest? Weaponized slime, capable of being fired at enemy vessels to stop them in their tracks.
The synthetic slime is being created by a team of researchers at Utah State University, who have been awarded a 15-month Navy contract to carry out the work. It is based on the slime of a real, eel-like creature called a hagfish, which defends itself against would-be attackers by using a jet of slime to fill predators’ mouths and gills with goo. This slime swells up by a factor of several thousand when it comes into contact with sea water.
“We are attempting to create hagfish thread keratins synthetically,” Justin Jones, an assistant professor in the Department of Biology at Utah State University, told Digital Trends. “Hagfish thread keratins, in their native form, rival spider silk in their mechanical properties. The problem is that farming hagfish for these threads is likely impossible. That necessitates producing the individual proteins that comprise the thread keratin using another host system. We have chosen to produce the proteins in E. coli due to our group’s experience, the economics of scaling the process, as well as the robust amount of protein produced in this system.”
Once the slime proteins have been manufactured using modified E. coli bacteria, they will then have to be formed into fibers. For this, the team will rely on their previous experience “wet spinning” spider silk proteins to develop a method for re-creating the hagfish thread keratin fibers. The goal is to create a synthetic fiber comparable to its native counterpart.
At present, the U.S. Navy stops boats — such as those it suspects contain smugglers — by firing a plastic rope with a pneumatic launcher, designed to tangle in the boat’s propeller. The hope is that this new method could prove to be safer, more effective, and less likely to injure the occupants of the other vessel.
Before you start getting concerned about the possible polluting effects of firing massive amount of slime into the water like an oil spill — yes, they’ve thought of that, too.
“Hagfish thread keratins are comprised of protein and protein alone,” Jones continued. “Therefore they do not contribute to plastic waste problems in the world’s waterways. With mechanical properties that outperform some petroleum-based polymers, they are an ideal biomaterial to use to deploy in order to stop maritime vessels without causing further pollution.” | chemistry |
https://www.imebapalma.com/lucky-lips-de-clinica-imeba/?lang=en | 2023-03-24T16:41:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945287.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230324144746-20230324174746-00582.warc.gz | 0.925012 | 730 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__244888119 | en | AUGMENTATION / CONTOURING OF THE LIPS
Through the filling technique or augmentation of the lip volume, full and attractive lips can be achieved, being able to obtain very natural results.
Filling substances for the lips
There are various products to use as a filling substance in a lip augmentation treatment.
There are two great classifications:
- Permanent materials
- Resorbable materials (disappear after a certain time)
For lip augmentation, we don’t use synthetic permanent materials (silicone, polyalkylamide, polyacrylamide) due to a high percentage of the side effects being hard to solve. Within the resorbable products we preferably use hyaluronic acid since up to date it’s been proven to be the one with the least undesired effects, practically none. This is due to an easy application and very good results.
Hyaluronic acid has one disadvantage, it is not permanent, but thanks to the rest of advantages it has become the most used substance by doctors when performing a lip augmentation.
The augmentation of the lip volume on a person with fine lips achieves a more youthful aesthetic aspect, there is no need to get to an excessive volume. We all have in mind famous people who got an unreasonably big lip augmentation, but if the amounts injected are moderate, results that are very natural can be achieved.
The lip augmentation technique
First anaesthesia is applied to the lips through a local anaesthesia of the nerves that are responsible for the sensitivity of the upper and the lower lip. Once the lips are under anaesthesia, the filling substance is injected with a very fine needle, normally hyaluronic acid. The manufacturers produce hyaluronic acids designed especially for the lips that show different properties than the ones used for filling other body areas.
There are several brands of hyaluronic acid on the market: Teosyal®, Juvederm®, Restylane®, Hydryalix®, etc. All of them have specific products for filling the lips with small differences between each of them, but they all show an evidence-based quality and security.
¿And after the lip augmentation?
After the treatment of lip augmentation it’s normal for a certain inflammation to appear, that’s why the lips will be a bit thicker than what they are supposed to be. After 2 or 3 days the final volume is reached due to the inflammation almost being gone. However, it’s wise to wait around 14 days before assessing the result and determining the need of a retouch to correct asymmetries or in case we want even more volume for the lips.
The effect of the volume augmentation of the lips usually lasts, on average, around 1 year. This means that if we want to keep the volume, we need to perform new sessions every year. Nevertheless, the majority of doctors think that it’s much more preferable this way than risking aftermaths like deformities, bumps, inflammations and other reactions of rejection or intolerance that are caused by the use of permanent products. It has been observed that on successive sessions, a lower volume of hyaluronic acid is needed, or what’s the same, the effect lasts longer. It has been observed that on the successive sessions, less volume of hyaluronic acid is needed, or what’s the same, the effect lasts longer.
Price: 295€ / 1 vial
345€ / 1 vial Juvederm | chemistry |
https://www.philasun.com/beauty/good-synthetic-hair/ | 2022-12-06T10:48:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711077.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20221206092907-20221206122907-00665.warc.gz | 0.943257 | 466 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__89290014 | en | BLACK PR WIRE
CHELMSFORD, Mass.–Whether they bought it or grew it, no one wants to imagine their hair on fire. FRX Polymers developed a flame retardant that can be mixed into synthetic material so it would be less likely to burn if the unimaginable were to happen. They named the flame retardant Nofia. Nofia can be used in many applications including hair fibers in wigs and weaves (hair extensions).
FRX CEO, Marc Lebel says, “Nofia is a phosphorus-based polymeric flame retardant additive with a most favorable toxicological profile, and unlike competitive liquid and powder-based flame retardants that both tend to migrate out of the plastic over time, Nofia, when it is mixed with the host plastic stays locked in and will not migrate out.”
To inform users of synthetic hair about this key ingredient in some synthetic hair fibers, FRX is launching a campaign to highlight the positive aspects of Nofia. Their PR agency, YourPRcompany.com (YPRC), has created a fictional character and named her Tracee A. Jackson, PhD. The edutainment campaign will highlight Nofia in hair fibers and other materials. Tracee Jackson, PhD is a successful, smart, fly girl with a doctorate degree in polymer science and is the CEO of an emerging company that just happens to also be named “FRX Polymers!”
J. Abra Degbor, Principal of YPRC, in discussing the character, says “Dr. Jackson is a strong, stylish and sophisticated role model, driven in business to improve the safety of the additives in plastics in general, but in hair fibers initially.” Degbor added, “We intend to encourage positive life themes around education and acquiring the best that life has to offer, while incorporating relevant messages about Nofia flame retardant.”
The campaign launched on February 17, 2015 the week leading up to the 2015 Mid-Winter Bronner Bros. International Beauty Show.
Subscribe to learn more about the work FRX is doing in flame retardant technology through “The Life and Times of Tracee Jackson, PhD” at www.whatisgoodhair.com. | chemistry |
https://analytical-separationtechniques.euroscicon.com/2018/ocm/dr-vakhtang-barbakadze-tbilisi-state-medical-university-georgia | 2022-01-27T14:08:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305266.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220127133107-20220127163107-00402.warc.gz | 0.778171 | 186 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__115209657 | en | Organizing Committee Member
Head of Department of Plant Bioploymers, Senior Research Scientist.
Tbilisi State Medical University.
Graduated from Georgian Polytechnical Institute, Faculty of Chemical & Food Technology, Tbilisi, Georgia. 1974-1978 - Post-graduate student. Zelinsky Instiute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia. 1978 - Ph.D. (candidate of chemical sciences), Zelinsky Instiute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia. 1999 - D.Sci. (doctor of biological sciences), Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Chemistry and Biological activity of Natural Products; Plant Polysaccharides; Plant Macromolecules; Pharmacology; Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Compounds. | chemistry |
http://www.huolongguowaijiao.com/services/cleaning-for-oxygen-service/ | 2023-06-02T14:42:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648695.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602140602-20230602170602-00773.warc.gz | 0.924039 | 166 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__66162335 | en | Why Cleaning for Oxygen Service Is Needed
Cleaning for Oxygen Service, sometimes referred to as Oxygen Cleaning, is a method of cleaning contaminants and particulates from process equipment, fittings and piping intended to transport gases or liquids. This service is typically used in the compressed gas, aerospace, military and other high-purity industries in which contiminant-free processing is required.
Oxygen cleaning helps prevent explosions and fires by removing combustible contaminants such as particles, chemicals and residues that contain hydrocarbons that can cause a fire or an explosion in certain environments. Examples of combustible substances include oils, paper, fiber, dust, waste, dirt and sand. Eliminating these materials also reduces friction, which improves performance, extends the life of the part and decreases the potential for combustion. | chemistry |
http://kyaserv.com.ar/web/analizador-de-humedad-radwag-pmc/ | 2019-08-17T11:00:29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027312128.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190817102624-20190817124624-00031.warc.gz | 0.785697 | 228 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-35__0__200063903 | en | Moisture analyzers are measuring devices specially designed for determination of moisture content of relatively small samples of various materials.
Moisture analyzer PMC enables:
•easy access due to backlit LCD display
•drying profile (standard, mild, step, rapid).
•finish mode (manual, humidity stabilization, automatic, time defined).
•GLP/GMP printouts and reports
•standard and non-standard applications
•optimization of work due to halogen lamps mode
Maximal capacity of moisture analyzer series PMC ranges from 50 g /1 mg to 210 g/1 mg. Moisture content is measured with accuracy 0,01% (0,001% for samples up to 1,5g). Maximal drying temperature equals 160°C (an extra cost option is moisture analyzer for drying with temperature 250°C).
Each moisture analyzer is equipped with aluminum weighing pan with dimensions ø 90mm.
With a moisture analyzer and a special set it is possible to test permeablitity of water vapour through samples of different materials. | chemistry |
https://entertainment.livinglifestyle.club/whats-hot/what-are-the-chemicals-involved-in-the-la-porte-dow-plant-leak-we-asked-an-expert-houston-public-media/ | 2021-07-29T09:27:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153854.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20210729074313-20210729104313-00182.warc.gz | 0.944279 | 807 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__190211826 | en | On Wednesday, a chemical leak on the Dow Chemical Co. Bayport plant brought about La Porte metropolis officers to evacuate the encircling space, when an over-pressurized tank vented a dangerous chemical known as hydroxyethyl acrylate, or HEA, into the air.
To be taught extra in regards to the chemical concerned within the leak — and chemical compounds in surrounding vans and services — Houston Public Media vitality reporter Kyra Buckley spoke with College of Houston chemical engineering professor and Chief Vitality Officer Ramanan Krishnamoorti.
This interview has been edited for size and readability.
What are you able to inform me about hydroxyethyl acrylate, or HEA? What is the concern locally?
So primarily, in massive quantities, it may influence folks’s respiratory, it may irritate eyes. However long run challenges — similar to carcinogenic or toxicological impacts — are a lot decrease than different sorts of natural molecules. Fortuitously, it’s one thing that’s bought a excessive diploma of attraction for water, so it tends to be washed away comparatively simply in comparison with many different natural compounds.
We perceive that they discovered the leak in a tanker truck, and so they’re monitoring to see if the temperature goes up or down in that truck. Why does that matter?
When this materials begins to hitch collectively, these reactions are extremely exothermic — they launch a whole lot of warmth. If that course of begins and progresses, then you possibly can have an explosive response, and this factor can react violently and explode.
The truck that the leak got here from is parked subsequent to 2 different tanker vans. One has the identical chemical in it. The opposite one, we perceive, has a chemical known as methyl methacrylate. Are you able to inform me extra about that and if there are considerations about that chemical compound?
It’s a compound that’s utilized in Plexiglas. It tends to be, once more, one thing that may irritate folks’s eyes, it may have an effect on your your air passages — however clearly not any important poisonous, toxicological or carcinogenic impacts. Like HEA, methyl methacrylate has the identical tendency of making an explosive response. If it will get extraordinarily sizzling throughout the tanker — greater than 200 levels — then it could possibly be a problem. However underneath most traditional circumstances, it’s unlikely to be a difficulty. They need to try to discover methods to maneuver the opposite vans out of the way in which, as a result of when you get an explosion, issues are uncontrolled and also you don’t know the place you’re going to have the following problem.
What questions would you could have when you bought to take a seat down with a Dow official?
To try to determine what the foundation explanation for this accident was. What steps can you set in place that might stop such leaks from occurring sooner or later? And the way do you handle inventories? Is it a good suggestion to have these a number of vans of the identical compound in shut proximity?
Is such a chemical leak widespread?
The protection file of the business — and truly broadly throughout the nation — the protection of chemical compounds being transported has improved. However I feel again 20-to-30 years in the past, this stuff used to occur much more steadily, so definitely issues have improved. However we’ve bought to search out higher methods to handle this, as a result of finally, each time considered one of these leaks occur, there’s much less and fewer religion within the business having the ability to handle what they’re doing, and handle the challenges of transferring very hazardous supplies across the nation.
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Fill out the shape under to subscribe our new every day editorial e-newsletter from the HPM Newsroom. | chemistry |
https://microbiology.biology.upatras.gr/en/protocols/112-determination-of-lipase-activity.html | 2021-06-25T12:45:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487630175.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20210625115905-20210625145905-00138.warc.gz | 0.936554 | 234 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__148998064 | en | Lipase acts on triacylglycerols and releases fatty acids. Determination of its activity is calculated by titration of free fatty acids.
- A buffer solution containing Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4 50 mM, pH=7, is prepared.
- Next an olive oil emulsion (40 ml of olive oil are added to 60 ml of gum arabic – emulsifier solution 5%, w/v) is prepared and the mixture is homogenized in laboratory homogenizer.
- The substrate of the enzyme is composed of 50 ml of olive oil emulsion in 45 ml of buffer solution.
Determination of enzymatic activity
- 0.5 ml of crude enzyme solution is added into 9.5 ml of substrate.
- The mixture is incubated in a shaker for 1 h at T=28 °C
- This is followed by titration of the mixture with NaOH solution 50 mM until pH=9
A unit of activity of lipase is the quantity of the enzyme that releases 1μmole of fatty acids in 1 h at T=28 °C. | chemistry |
https://faculty.pku.edu.cn/maoyoudong/zh_CN/lwcg/9715/content/9457.htm | 2024-03-04T08:32:51 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476432.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304065639-20240304095639-00491.warc.gz | 0.798896 | 490 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__424146 | en | Asymmetric Structures and Conformational Plasticity of the Uncleaved Full-Length Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer
发表刊物： J. Virol.
摘要： The functional human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer [(gp120/gp41)3] is produced by cleavage of a conformationally flexible gp160 precursor. gp160 cleavage or the binding of BMS-806, an entry inhibitor, stabilizes the pretriggered, "closed" (state 1) conformation recognized by rarely elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies. Poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs) elicited at high titers during natural infection recognize more "open" Env conformations (states 2 and 3) induced by binding the receptor, CD4. We found that BMS-806 treatment and cross-linking decreased the exposure of pNAb epitopes on cell surface gp160; however, after detergent solubilization, cross-linked and BMS-806-treated gp160 sampled non-state-1 conformations that could be recognized by pNAbs. Cryo-electron microscopy of the purified BMS-806-bound gp160 revealed two hitherto unknown asymmetric trimer conformations, providing insights into the allosteric coupling between trimer opening and structural variation in the gp41 HR1N region. The individual protomer structures in the asymmetric gp160 trimers resemble those of other genetically modified or antibody-bound cleaved HIV-1 Env trimers, which have been suggested to assume state-2-like conformations. Asymmetry of the uncleaved Env potentially exposes surfaces of the trimer to pNAbs. To evaluate the effect of stabilizing a state-1-like conformation of the membrane Env precursor, we treated cells expressing wild-type HIV-1 Env with BMS-806. BMS-806 treatment decreased both gp160 cleavage and the addition of complex glycans, implying that gp160 conformational flexibility contributes to the efficiency of these processes. Selective pressure to maintain flexibility in the precursor of functional Env allows the uncleaved Env to sample asymmetric conformations that potentially skew host antibody responses toward pNAbs. | chemistry |
https://www.eazycolours.co.uk/product-page/castor-oil | 2020-07-11T09:06:56 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655924908.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711064158-20200711094158-00489.warc.gz | 0.859438 | 127 | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__220197618 | en | This 100% pure and natural oil is the fixed oil obtained from the seeds of Castor, Ricinus communis, Euphorbiaceae.
This clear, viscous liquid is colourless-pale straw in appearance, and has a slight, characteristic odour.
For use in cosmetic products and aromatherapy applications.
INCI: Ricinus Communis Seed Oil
Contains none of the 26 allergens designated by the EU in European Union Cosmetics Regulation (EC) No 1233/2009.
Does not contain material restricted/prohibited by IFRA and therefore does not require an IFRA statement. | chemistry |
https://clearlybalanceddays.com/product/150mg-topical-salve-w-menthol-1-7oz/ | 2021-01-16T17:28:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703506832.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20210116165621-20210116195621-00050.warc.gz | 0.895089 | 221 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-04__0__169971797 | en | 150mg CBD Topical Salve w/Menthol
Nutrient-rich topical formula infused with cooling menthol and 150 mg of CBD.
• Easy application to target specific areas
• Absorbs quickly – no oily residue!
• Broad spectrum, phytocannabinoid rich hemp oil
• Third party lab tested for potency and quality: zero THC, solvents, pesticides, heavy metals
• No unnecessary additives
This nutrient-rich topical formula is infused with cooling menthol and 150 mg of CBD. The topical application allows you to target specific areas, and the natural ingredients absorb quickly into the skin, leaving no oily residue. We use only the highest quality, phytocannabinoid rich hemp oil, which is sent for third-party testing by our suppliers, and then again by us to ensure potency and quality – our products are guaranteed to contain ZERO solvents, pesticides, heavy metals, or THC. As with all of our products, our salves are formulated using no unnecessary additives – each ingredient is chosen for its contribution to your overall wellness. | chemistry |
https://familytacomadentist.com/blog/ | 2018-08-17T18:45:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221212768.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817182657-20180817202657-00547.warc.gz | 0.939249 | 490 | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__65353658 | en | We all know that there are a variety of organic products on the market, ranging from foods to dish soaps to cleaning agents to toothpastes. However, most people don’t really know what organic means, what ingredients are left out of organic products, how they differ from the regular product, and what benefits they can have. So, when it comes to choosing between regular and organic toothpaste, we’ll give you the scoop so you can make a well-informed decision about which toothpaste is right for you and your family!
What Is Organic Toothpaste?
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, organic means that a product is, “relating to or derived from living matter.” So an organic toothpaste is made with all-natural ingredients. These ingredients often include mint (a natural breath freshener), spearmint and peppermint oil, which both have antibacterial properties, and a variety of herbs. While regular toothpaste is safe and American Dental Association (ADA) approved, some people choose organic toothpaste because they prefer natural, holistic products that don’t have any manufactured chemicals in them.
Regular toothpaste contains sodium lauryl sulfate and saccharin. Sodium lauryl sulfate is what makes the toothpaste foam and is known for being a skin irritant for some people. Saccharin is a chemical used to create the sweet flavor of toothpaste, which organic toothpastes can achieve without a man-made ingredient.
Does Organic Toothpaste Work?
It’s important to note that toothbrushes are actually what do most of the teeth cleaning and toothpaste is for freshening your breath and eliminating bacteria—which organic toothpaste can easily do. If you choose to use organic toothpaste, you’ll still get the same effect as regular toothpaste, so you won’t have to worry about bacteria lingering on your teeth and causing cavities or getting too close to someone when you speak because of bad breath!
Ask Us for Recommendations!
Whether you’re looking for a new toothpaste for your family or yourself, it’s important to weigh your options and do some research on which one is right for you. If you have any questions about organic toothpaste, contact our office and one of our knowledgeable team members will be happy to discuss your questions. | chemistry |
https://drsarahdavies.co.uk/tests | 2022-08-15T07:45:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00647.warc.gz | 0.890772 | 1,645 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__88612442 | en | Access to advanced functional testing and interpretation from an experienced Functional Medicine Doctor is one of the real strengths of our clinic. Dr Sarah is an expert in the interpretation of Organic Acids and has lectured for Genova Diagnostics on this topic. Our advanced nutritional and metabolic panels can give real insight into the root causes of chronic illness and allow us to accurately track progress and create bespoke treatment plans.
Dr Sarah is also trained in nutritional Genomics through Lifecode Gx. Understanding genomic causes for dysfunction is often helpful in complex or difficult cases. However, we do not offer genomic interpretation without organic acid screening as we feel it is important to look at the current metabolism alongside underlying genetic predisposition to make informed treatment decisions in this complex and emerging area of medicine.
Home phlebotomy (UK-based): Arrange to have your bloods taken in advance of your appointment in the comfort of your own home or office. Our partner MSS provide phlebotomy services via a UK-wide network of nurses. Other providers may be recommended in some circumstances.
Appointments can be cancelled up to 48 hours in advance with no charge. Cancellation with less than 48 hours’ notice or a failure to attend attracts the full fee – £75
Pura are our preferred UK supplier of standard blood tests for our new patient health screens and follow up testing. Offering excellent value and a wide range of laboratory testing, Pura screening panels are offered to all of our new patients.
PURA kits are stocked in the clinic – if you require delivery to your home then there is an additional fee for P&P (£5). Patients using MSS Remote phlebotomy will not need kits sending out.
New Patient Health Screen from PURA – £245: Our New Patient screen is offered to all new patients and is a comprehensive standard panel including:
- Full blood count, Kidney Function and Liver function
- Functional Lipid profile
- Fasting insulin and HbA1c (sensitive diabetes screen)
- High Sensitivity CRP (sensitive inflammation screen)
- Active B12 and Total B12, Folate, Advanced iron profile, Vitamin D
- Coeliac Disease screen
- Advanced Thyroid profile with Reverse T3
Standard Thyroid Panel – £55
Thyroid Advanced profile with Reverse T3 – £95
Vitamins and iron – £75
Thyroid with Reverse T3 and Haematinics – £145
Thyroid with Reverse T3 and Haematinics and Vitamin D – £152
We have access to all of Genova’s extensive functional testing panels but list those most commonly used in clinic below. The following kits are available in stock in clinic or may be posted directly to your address:
Metabolomix + Test £285: Urine Organic and amino acids including biomarkers for:
- Protein digestion and absorption,
- Yeast and bacterial dysbiosis,
- Intracellular B Vitamins,
- Inflammatory markers.
NutrEval Test £495 (requires centrifugation of blood): Incorporates the Urine results of the Metabolomix test (above), plus
- Fatty acid evaluation
- Vitamin D
- CoEnzyme Q10
- Minerals and Heavy Metals panels
- Optional Genomic screening for MTHFR, COMT, TNF-a and APOE (after discussion with Dr Sarah). Additional fee payable for these.
GI Effects £290 – Comprehensive stool analysis. This test offers valuable insight into digestive function, intestinal inflammation, and the intestinal microbiome.
Lactulose Hydrogen and Methane Breath test (SIBO analysis) £125 – A breath test which captures exhaled hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) gases following patient ingestion of a lactulose solution to evaluate bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine.
Nutrient and Toxic Elements Profile £145 – Evaluates recent toxic element exposure and assesses nutrient mineral status.
ONE Day Hormone Check £240 – A salivary hormone test that evaluates unbound, bioavailable hormone levels over 24 hours. Specimens are examined for levels of estradiol, estrone, estriol, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, DHEA, and melatonin.
Methylation Panel £240 – An innovative test designed to offer insight into the critical biochemical methylation pathway. This includes plasma methylation and genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methylation defects have been associated with many clinical conditions including cancer, autism, ADHD, neural tube defects, cognitive decline, depression, cardiovascular disease, and schizophrenia.
Homocysteine £55 – Used to assess ‘methylation’ capacity – may be used to monitor therapy in those with previous high levels. High homocysteine levels can contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and dementia.
We hold and account with Regenerus and the following tests may be advised for you:
Hair Toxic and Essential Elements £75 – An inexpensive and valuable screen for physiological excess, deficiency or maldistribution of elements. As protein is synthesised in the hair follicle, elements are permanently incorporated into the hair and represent a temporal record of element metabolism and toxic exposure.
Mercury Tri Test £352 – The Mercury Tri Test provides insights into the magnitude and source of mercury exposure and if any additional detoxification support is needed. It is the only clinical test to use speciation analysis to separat methyl mercury (MeHg) from inorganic mercury (Hgll). Both hair and urine values are individually correlated with blood measurements to give an index of excretion.
Lifecode provide both DNA screening and analysis for existing genomic data (such as 23&Me). These useful panels can be used alongside functional testing to determine underlying Genomic contribution to metabolic problems and can help us to target problems with more certainty. Please note, we do not read 23&Me raw data or long genomic datasets as this is simply too time consuming for the clinic. A selection of our most frequently used genomic panels are below. These can be ordered directly from Lifecode:
DNA Test Kit £99 – This is to collect a sample of cheek cells from which DNA is extracted and analysed.
Methylation Report £150 – Common genetic variants (SNPs) can impact our natural ability to methylate and thus result in increased susceptibility to chronic health conditions including heart disease, depression, diabetes, chronic fatigue, autoimmune disease, poor foetal development and premature ageing.
Detoxification Report £150 – The Detoxification report focuses on the key genes and variants involved in regulating Phase I, II and III liver detoxification pathways including those involved in the metabolism of caffeine, alcohol, hormones, neurotransmitters, pesticides and various common pharmaceutical drugs.
APOE Report £150 – The E4 form of the APOE gene has been associated with disorders of lipid metabolism (increased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels) and increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative conditions such Alzheimer’s disease. Having the APOE 4 version of the gene is one of many risk factors and does not mean you will get any disease associated with it.
As well as the labs detailed above, we also work with specialist screens from:
- MELISA(specialists in metals allergy testing based in Germany).
- Armin Laboratories (specialists in Lyme Disease and Viral infection screening).
- Biolab (UK based Functional testing lab offering a wide range of screens).
- TDL (UK based Private lab with extensive traditional testing which may not be accessible elsewhere).
- Thriva (Online postal testing open to the public and specialists. Good for patients who wish to track their test results without the input of a clinic or specialist). | chemistry |
https://www.footlocker.com/category/shoes/adidas/pureboost.html | 2022-09-28T09:56:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335190.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20220928082743-20220928112743-00164.warc.gz | 0.904521 | 108 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__112105446 | en | Showing 1 - 10 of 10 results
All About Boost
For decades, EVA foam was the industry standard for performance running midsoles. In 2013, though, EVA was flipped on its head by a new player in the industry: adidas Boost technology. Using thermoplastic polyurethane particles that are expanded to form tiny pockets of air, the result is an insanely durable, flexible, and, above all, responsive midsole material that provides unmatched energy return with every stride. | chemistry |
http://www.mville.edu/undergraduate/academics/majors/chemistry/lab-safety.html | 2014-11-29T08:38:22 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416931014329.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20141125155654-00232-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.858609 | 927 | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-49__0__79926347 | en | Chemistry laboratories can be hazardous
if the rules are not followed.
Learn and observe the safety and laboratory rules!
- Clothing must cover the body from shoulders down to toes.
NO shorts, skirts, or cropped pants
NO tank tops or low-cut tops
NO bare midriffs
NO sandals, open-toed shoes, or ballet flats
- Eye protection is required for all personnel, students, and any visitors present in the lab. You must wear safety glasses/goggles at all times when you are in the lab, even if you are not performing an experiment. Please notify your lab instructor if you wear contact lenses.
- Long hair and loose clothing must be confined.
- Gloves are available for your use when needed and must be removed before leaving lab. Do not handle personal items, such as pens, eyeglasses, etc. with the gloves on.
- Never work alone in the lab.
- Never perform unauthorized experiments.
- If you are ever in doubt about equipment use or procedures, ask the instructor.
- Keep all aisles and workbenches clear of clutter and obstructions.
- Do not bring food or drinks into the laboratory.
- Eating, drinking, smoking, taking medicine, and applying cosmetics is forbidden while in the lab.
- Never pipet liquids by mouth.
- Notify your instructor in the event of accident, illness, injury, or fire, no matter how minor.
- Do not attempt to clean up chemical spills on your own; notify your instructor immediately.
- Be sure to clean the balance after each use.
- Report broken thermometers and mercury spills to your instructor or a lab assistant.
- Notify your instructor or a lab assistant if your glassware is cracked or chipped.
- Make sure that all gas, water, and electrical devices are turned off and that your work area is clean before leaving the laboratory each day.
- Return all reagents and equipment to their proper place.
- Wash your hands thoroughly before leaving the laboratory.
- Know important safety numbers - Campus Safety ext. 888; Health Center ext. 5245; Local Ambulance/Fire/Police 911.
- Be familiar with the location and operation of the eyewash stations, safety showers, fire extinguishers, fire blankets, and exits.
- Avoid direct contact with any chemical. Keep chemicals off your hands, face, and clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling any chemical. If chemicals come in contact with skin or clothes, ask for help and flush the contaminated area with copious quantities of water for 15 minutes.
- If chemicals come in contact with your eyes, ask for help and flush your eyes at the eye wash station for 15 minutes.
- Never smell, inhale, or taste a hazardous chemical.
- In case of a fire, evacuate the lab.
- Read the label before using a chemical. It is also a good idea to consult the manufacturer's or supplier's Safety Data Sheet (SDS). You can access a chemical's SDS online - http://hazard.com/msds/index.php. SDS are also stored in the Chemistry stockroom (BR 118) and with campus safety in Spellman Hall.
- Emergency response equipment is available in the chemistry stockroom (BR 118), but should only be used by qualified personnel.
- Recap all reagent bottles immediately after use.
- Keep all bottles of flammable, poisonous, and corrosive materials closed. Use these materials in the fume hood and with adequate traps.
- Many organic solvents are highly flammable. Check with your instructor before lighting any flames.
- Be sure to dispose of waste in its proper place:
- Broken glass ONLY in appropriately labeled containers.
- Trash ONLY in trash barrels.
- Syringes ONLY in *sharps* containers.
- Solid and liquid waste in properly labeled Hazardous Waste containers. If no such labeled container exists, alert your instructor.
- Keep waste containers capped when not in use. "In use" means that someone is in the act of placing waste into the container.
- Report problems with the waste containers immediately (overfilling, bad odors, bubbling, smoking, leaking, lack of appropriate labels, etc.)
- Never pour hazardous chemicals down a sink's drain.
Please contact Dr. Christopher Pappas, the campus Director of Laboratory Safety, with any questions or concerns. | chemistry |
http://www.thewinestophawaii.com/twsblogs/corkey-trivia-022008/ | 2015-03-28T22:10:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131297831.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172137-00092-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.970327 | 906 | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-14__0__155424841 | en | Who would have thought that at one time our aluminum beer can could have been worth its weight in gold. Aluminum was only discovered in 1825 despite the fact that aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust.
It is very rare in its free form and in the 1800s it was considered a precious metal. At one time, it was as scarce as silver. In the 1800s aluminum jewelry sold for the same price as platinum jewelry. A lump of aluminum occupied a place of honor next to the crown jewels at the Paris Exposition of 1855. In 1884, the aluminum cap that was made for the Washington Monument was exhibited in the window of a Fifth Avenue jeweler, in New York City. Napoleon III entertained guests at his dining table with a set of aluminum forks. In 1852 aluminum sold for $545 a pound. Today it sells for about a dollar a pound.
How did this drastic drop in price come to be? In the spring of 1883, Prof. Frank Jewett of Oberlin College in Ohio said to the students in his chemistry class, “If any of you can extract aluminum in commercial quantities,” he said with a smile, “You are sure of a fortune.” A skinny young student, by the name of Charles Martin Hall, sitting in one of the front rows nudged the guy sitting next to him and whispered, “I’m going after that metal!” Three years later, on February 23, 1886, he figured out the commercial process we use today. Two months later Paul Heroult, in Gentilly, France figured out the same process independently. Thus was created the Hall-Heroult process. Charles Hall immediately patented his invention and in 1888 teamed up with financier Alfred E. Hunt to start the Pittsburgh Reduction Company known today as the Aluminum Company of America(ALCOA). By 1914, Charles Hall had brought the cost of aluminum down to 18 cents a pound, so it was no longer considered a precious metal.
Aluminum is produced from bauxite ore which is named after the French village of Les Baux where it was first discovered. An electrolytic process is used in which electricity is passed through a liquid solution causing the aluminum to precipitate out of the solution. The amount of electricity used to create one pound of aluminum would keep a forty watt lamp lit continuously for twelve and a half days. So it takes a substantial amount of energy to make aluminum from rocks. Making cans from bauxite ore(rock) uses 229 BTUs of energy while making cans from recycled aluminum uses only 8 BTUs of energy. The aluminum can recycling process saves 95% of the energy needed to produce aluminum from rocks. So using recycled aluminum is really energy efficient. Today, the average aluminum can contains about 40% recycled aluminum.
Aluminum beer cans have several advantages over steel beer cans. They weigh less than half as much as steel cans; so a six pack of aluminum cans is noticeably lighter than a six pack of steel cans. Aluminum allows the beer to chill faster(a definite plus). Aluminum cans are way more resistant to rust than almost all other industrial metals. They accept flashy colors directly on its surface, so no need for the glued-on paper label which eventually slides off in your cooler and makes the water gummy. Aluminum is one of the most recyclable materials around. Recycled aluminum is very ecologically friendly, very “green”. (That’s one of the reasons why Maui Brewing Company [which you can find at The Wine Stop] uses aluminum cans). And most impressive of all, it is easier to crush, in one bare hand, an aluminum beer can rather than a steel one. All you need is an empty can. I think I’ll start working on that. Cheers!
Certified Sommelier, General Manager, President Liane was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. She graduated from the Kamehameha Schools in 1977, and worked in the bookkeeping department of Villa Roma, a women’s retail clothing store owned by her mother Audrey Fu, before flying off to college in New York City. She was a physics major at New York University (NYU). In her first semester, she attended a concert that was interpreted for the deaf. She became fascinated by the idea of communication through movement which for her was kind of like hula on steroids. | chemistry |
http://crohnsend.com/gutsmart/tag/cbd/ | 2016-06-24T23:42:49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783391634.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154951-00166-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.942635 | 697 | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-26__0__102951815 | en | Posts tagged CBD
If you’re suffering from inflammation of the gut, it’s not the THC you want, it’s the CBD.
The scientific literature now brims with potential uses for cannabis that extend beyond its well-known abilities to fend off nausea and block pain in people with cancer and AIDS. Cannabis derivatives may combat multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease and other inflammatory conditions, the new research finds. Cannabis may even kill cancerous tumors.
Within two decades, other researchers had developed synthetic THC to use in pill form.
The secrets of how THC worked in the body lay hidden until the late 1980s, when researchers working with rats found that the compound binds to a protein that pops up on the surface of nerve cells. Further tests showed that THC also hooks up with another protein found elsewhere in the body. These receptor proteins were dubbed CB1 and CB2.
A bigger revelation came in 1992: Mammals make their own compound that binds to, and switches on, the CB1 receptor. Scientists named the compound anandamide. Researchers soon found its counterpart that binds mainly to the CB2 receptor, calling that one 2AG, for 2-arachidonyl glycerol. The body routinely makes these compounds, called endocannabinoids, and sends them into action as needed.
“THC just mimics the effects of these compounds in our bodies,” Mechoulam says. Although the receptors are abundant, anandamide and 2AG are short-acting compounds, so their effects are fleeting.
From a biological standpoint, smoking pot to get high is like starting up a semitruck just to listen to the radio. There’s a lot more going on.
More than a dozen medical trials in the past decade have shown that treatments containing THC (and some that combine THC with another derivative called cannabidiol, or CBD)
CBD, the same cannabis component that proved beneficial alongside THC for MS, may also work on other hard-to-treat diseases. Tests on cell cultures and lab animals have revealed that CBD fights inflammation and mitigates the psychoactive effects of THC.
Crohn’s disease, which can lead to chronic pain, diarrhea and ulcerations, could be a fitting target for CBD. In Crohn’s disease, inflammatory proteins damage the intestinal lining, causing leaks that allow bacteria in the gut to spread where they shouldn’t. This spread leads to a vicious cycle that can trigger more inflammation.
Karen Wright, a pharmacologist at Lancaster University in England, and her colleagues have found that CBD inhibits this inflammation and can reverse the microscopic intestinal leakiness in lab tests of human cells.
The results bolster earlier findings by Wright’s team showing that cannabinoids could improve wound healing in intestinal cells.
CBD’s anti-inflammatory effect may work, at least in some cases, through its antioxidant properties — the ability to soak up highly reactive molecules called free radicals, which cause cell damage.
“CBD has essentially been bred out of North American black market drug strains,” Russo says. People growing cannabis for its recreational qualities have preferred plants high in THC, so people lighting up for medical purposes, whether to boost appetite in AIDS patients or alleviate cancer pain, may be missing a valuable cannabis component.Read more at www.sciencenews.org | chemistry |
https://resources.houstonplasticproducts.com/blog/thermoset-vs-thermoplastic-which-resin-is-right-for-you | 2024-04-12T10:41:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296815919.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412101354-20240412131354-00293.warc.gz | 0.914303 | 687 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__34856320 | en | HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT RESIN
We’ve said it before, materials matter. Selecting the best resin for your plastic manufacturing project is critical, especially when your finished components are meant to withstand extreme heat, pressure, or other harsh conditions. So how do you know which type of resin is appropriate for your application? Join us for thermoset vs thermoplastic: a comprehensive examination of the distinctions between resins. Gain valuable insights into their respective properties and applications, empowering you to make informed decisions for your projects.
Thermoset vs Thermoplastic: What’s the Difference?
Thermosets and thermoplastics are two separate classes of plastic materials that differ in their properties, product applications, and the methods used to manufacture them.
A thermoset is any plastic material that cures once it’s hardened by heat. Thermosets are usually stored in liquid form, but once they’re hardened/cured, they can’t be reshaped (even under extreme heat).
A thermoplastic is any plastic material with a relatively low melting point that becomes molten when heated and solid when cooled. Unlike thermosets, thermoplastics are generally stored in pellet form. The curing process is fully reversible so that they can be re-melted and re-molded after cooling. Thermoplastic materials are generally more cost-effective, as they’re produced in larger volumes and are easier to process.
Choosing the Right Resin for a Range of Applications
Thermosets are appropriate for high-performance applications where strength, impact resistance, and heat resistance are critical. They’re ideal for electronic, automotive, chemical processing, and other potentially harsh applications. You’re unlikely to find single-use products made with thermoset resins. They are usually produced using reaction injection molding or resin transfer molding instead of standard injection molding methods.
On the other hand, thermoplastics are perfect for injection molding. Thermoplastic resins like polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are highly versatile and appropriate for a wide range of medical, industrial, consumer, and energy industry applications. While thermoplastics are not as heat-resistant as thermosets, they are still thermally stable, durable, and high-impact-resistant.
Recyclability and Sustainability
There is a winner in the thermoset vs thermoplastic sustainability battle. Thermosets can’t be recycled, but thermoplastics can. Thermoplastics are currently the more environmentally-friendly manufacturing choice because they produce fewer toxic fumes than thermosets and can be re-melted and re-shaped with little to no impact on material properties. However, chemists at MIT have recently developed a way to modify thermoset plastics that allows them to be more easily broken down.
At Houston Plastic Products, we have nearly 60 years of experience manufacturing injection-molded parts for more than 15 industries. We’re happy to collaborate with you to find the best resin and the optimal design for your end-to-end plastics manufacturing needs. Contact us today so we can start molding your vision. | chemistry |
https://www.vikingcompletions.com/copy-of-copy-of-copy-of-sub-page1 | 2018-01-23T17:53:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084892059.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20180123171440-20180123191440-00197.warc.gz | 0.917968 | 169 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__183423981 | en | Our range of in-house designed chemical injection valves allow the injection of chemicals at any point in the tubing string while overcoming the pressure and temperature effects of the well. The injection mandrel is installed as an integral part of the tubing with the dual check valve assembly, connected to the injection line, is mounted on the outside of the mandrel. The check valve cartridge incorporates a dual valve system (for redundancy) and a burst disc to protect the valves while running in hole.
Chemical injection valves have been designed and supplied to cover tubing ranges from 2-3/8” top 7” with pressures up to 15,000 psi and temperatures up to 450 degrees Fahrenheit, and injection points into the production/injection tubing or the annulus. A wide range of material is available to suit reservoir conditions, including extremely sour environments. | chemistry |
https://kacexpress.com/understanding-the-impact-of-refrigerant-type-on-ac-efficiency/ | 2024-04-21T07:32:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817729.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421071342-20240421101342-00611.warc.gz | 0.906763 | 927 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__152353630 | en | Where temperatures often soar beyond comfort, an efficiently running air conditioning system is not just a luxury but a necessity. However, many homeowners overlook a critical component that directly impacts AC efficiency: the type of refrigerant used. In this comprehensive guide brought to you by KAC Express, we delve deep into the significance of refrigerant types and their implications on your AC’s performance, energy consumption, environmental impact, and your overall comfort. Whether you’re considering AC repair in Spring, TX, understanding refrigerants is paramount.
Refrigerants are the lifeblood of air conditioning systems, responsible for absorbing heat from indoor air and releasing it outside. Over the years, different types of refrigerants have been used in AC units, each with its unique properties and environmental impacts.
In the past, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were commonly used as refrigerants due to their excellent thermodynamic properties. However, these compounds were found to be detrimental to the ozone layer and were phased out under the Montreal Protocol.
Transition to HFCs:
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emerged as the primary alternative to CFCs and HCFCs. While HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer, they are potent greenhouse gases with high global warming potential (GWP). Common HFCs used in AC systems include R-410A and R-134a.
The Rise of Low-GWP Refrigerants:
In recent years, concerns about climate change have led to efforts to phase out HFCs in favor of low-GWP alternatives. These alternatives, such as hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and hydrocarbons, offer similar or better performance than HFCs with significantly lower environmental impact.
Impact on AC Efficiency: The choice of refrigerant has a profound impact on the efficiency of an air conditioning system. Here’s how different refrigerants influence AC performance:
- Energy Efficiency: The thermodynamic properties of refrigerants determine their energy efficiency. Refrigerants with higher latent heat of vaporization and lower boiling points can absorb more heat per unit of volume, leading to improved cooling efficiency.
- Coefficient of Performance (COP): COP is a measure of the cooling output of an AC system relative to the energy input. Refrigerants with higher COP values allow for more efficient cooling, resulting in lower energy consumption and operating costs.
- System Design and Compatibility: The choice of refrigerant also affects the design and components of the AC system. Some refrigerants may require modifications to the compressor, condenser, and other components to ensure optimal performance and compatibility.
- Environmental Impact: Perhaps the most significant consideration in refrigerant selection is its environmental impact. While HFCs have been widely used in the past, their high GWP makes them unsustainable in the long run. Low-GWP refrigerants offer a more environmentally friendly alternative without compromising performance.
Choosing the Right Refrigerant for Your AC:
- Regulatory Compliance: Ensure that the refrigerant you choose complies with current regulations and environmental standards. As regulations evolve, it’s essential to future-proof your AC system by opting for low-GWP refrigerants.
- Performance and Efficiency: Evaluate the thermodynamic properties and performance characteristics of different refrigerants to determine which one best suits your cooling needs. Look for refrigerants with high energy efficiency and COP values to minimize operating costs.
- Long-Term Sustainability: Consider the long-term sustainability of the refrigerant in terms of its environmental impact and availability. Low-GWP alternatives offer a more sustainable solution that aligns with global efforts to combat climate change.
- Manufacturer Recommendations: Consult with HVAC professionals or manufacturers like KAC Express to understand their recommendations for refrigerant selection. They can provide valuable insights based on their experience and expertise in the field.
Conclusion: In the quest for optimal AC efficiency, the choice of refrigerant plays a pivotal role. By understanding the impact of different refrigerants on performance, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability, you can make informed decisions that maximize comfort while minimizing costs and environmental footprint. At KAC Express, we’re committed to helping our customers in Spring, TX, achieve peak AC performance with sustainable refrigerant solutions. Contact us today to learn more about our AC repair and maintenance services tailored to your needs. | chemistry |
http://avocato.tech/2021/06/09/new-shipping-material-can-replace-polystyrene-peanuts-with-compressed-popcorn/ | 2021-06-24T03:35:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488550571.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20210624015641-20210624045641-00217.warc.gz | 0.944287 | 525 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__21187120 | en | In a stroke of scientific genius, a German researcher enjoying a box of popcorn in a dark movie theater realized that the overpriced, butter-soaked concession had the exact same size and consistency as Styrofoam packing peanuts.
Considering the polystyrene-based latter takes centuries to break down into yet smaller bits of harmful microplastic, and requires fossil fuel extraction to manufacture, Alireza Kharazipour thought it was worth experimenting with puffed corn kernels as a replacement for them.
Polystyrene is one of the most enduring synthetic materials humans have developed. It has enabled packaging to take on very precise forms and provides excellent packing safety for fragile electronics on the move while costing pennies to manufacture. However, along with being among the least biodegradable plastics, many recycling facilities don’t even have the capabilities for processing it.
Taking corn waste products produced from making corn flakes, then filling them with steam creates what Kharazipour and his team at Gottingen University call “granulated popcorn.”
“The products are very light because popcorn granules are filled with air like honeycombs,” Kharazipour tells Fast Company. “When grain maize expands into popcorn, the volume increases by 15% to 20%.”
The popcorn packing can be made from any type of corn, and is completely biodegradable. Large pieces can be compressed into shapes to hold different products, and can be easily sawed into pieces, either for cutting into precise shapes, or for shredding at the end of its life.
Around 3 million tons of polystyrene, (which is a lot considering it’s 95% air) are produced in the U.S. every year, mostly for things like takeaway drink and meal containers. The brilliance of Kharazipour’s idea has landed him an exclusive licensing agreement with a medium-sized grain and cereal company in Europe called Nordgetreide for manufacturing various popcorn packing products.
Stefan Schult, Managing Director of Nordgetreide, states: “Each and every day we pollute our Earth with an ever increasing amount of plastic waste that will be a burden on our eco-system for thousands of years. Our popcorn packaging is a great sustainable alternative to polystyrene which is derived from petroleum.” That’s hopeful news indeed.
SHARE the Good Green News With Friends on Social Media…
#Shipping #Material #Replace #Polystyrene #Peanuts #Compressed #Popcorn | chemistry |
http://www.lucinebiotech.com/turkey-tryptophan-and-testosterone/ | 2017-06-29T02:00:12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323842.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629015021-20170629035021-00329.warc.gz | 0.935764 | 453 | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-26__0__93542666 | en | I wanted a little alliteration for the title of this week’s blog post and so turkey and tryptophan were naturals. Little did I know, testosterone was associated with this Thanksgiving Day tradition.
We all know about the Turkey-tryptophan connection. Turkey contains high levels of the amino acid, tryptophan, the precursor for serotonin, and melatonin, the sleep hormone. Many have speculated that by ingesting high quantities of turkey on Thanksgiving, we increase our serotonin levels and hence, our ability to relax. It is more likely, however, that we increase our sleepiness quotient by increasing melatonin. Or as others suggest, perhaps we just eat too many carbs and throw our bodies in insulin overload, which then elicits sleep.
Unbeknownst to me, prior to writing this article was the connection between turkey and testosterone. Eating turkey, especially one that is organically grown, increases testosterone concentrations. There is a feedback loop, however. Too much tryptophan decreases testosterone, at least in male rats.
Interestingly, diets high in estrone (the estrogen precursor to estradiol), not only do not show the same benefits of post-turkey day increased tryptophan and serotonin, there is marked decrease in niacin levels (vitamin B3). Naturally higher circulating concentrations of estrone in women may be what predisposes us to vitamin B deficiencies and whole host of other conditions.
Perhaps even more interesting, eating non-organic turkey appears to decrease testosterone and increases the concentration of circulating estrogens (further slanting our odds of vitamin B deficiency). Researchers and organic food advocates suggests the increased estrone and estradiol concentrations observed in those who eat commercially grown poultry are linked to the many hormone supplements used by today’s food producers. Though evidence is limited, given the overwhelming use of endocrine disruptors throughout our food chain, this association is certainly plausible and merits additional investigation.
As we approach Thanksgiving, food for thought: how food affects hormone health. If any of our followers in the blogosphere have an interest and expertise in the connection between food and hormones, we would welcome your blog posts.
Happy Thanksgiving Lucine Women. | chemistry |
https://www.lazyaholeranch.com/product/cherry-blossom-soap/ | 2022-05-16T05:13:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662509990.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20220516041337-20220516071337-00292.warc.gz | 0.929194 | 332 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__266905862 | en | I love Cherry Blossom Soap!
This delightful floral fragrance always makes me think of spring. I like to keep a bar of cherry blossom soap in the shower shortly after the start of the year to remind me that spring isn’t too much further away. In Japan, there is a tradition to picnic underneath the cherry blossom trees. Many poets have written about sitting under the trees in the moonlight with cascades of cherry blossom petals raining down around them. I don’t know about you, but that sounds like a lovely evening!
What’s in Cherry Blossom Soap?
Ingredients are as follows:
- Olive Oil Pomace/Rice Bran Oil blend
- Palm Oil
- Coconut Oil
- Avocado Oil
- Palm Kernel Oil Flakes
- Cherry Blossom Fragrance Oil
- sodium hydroxide for the chemical reaction to make soap
We recommend that you use a draining soap dish with any handmade soap. Because a draining soap dish will give your bar of soap the opportunity to dry out between uses. This way you bar of soap will last much longer. Have you ever noticed that the bar of soap sitting in the puddle of water in your shower has become soft and mushy? When you’re soap is sitting in water, it is slowly dissolving.
Looking for more?
If you like Cherry Blossom Soap, you might want to try our Orange Blossom Soap as well!
You can also follow us on Instagram and Facebook! | chemistry |
https://www.phladvisor.com/question/how-to-clean-computer-screen/ | 2019-04-23T10:03:39 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578596571.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190423094921-20190423120921-00378.warc.gz | 0.899464 | 285 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__165771057 | en | If you are looking around on how to clean a computer screen, you can use a homemade cleaning agent other than purchasing a cleaning solution. It is easy to make and is very effective. What you will need are clean distilled water (avoid tap water as they contain a lot of minerals which can damage the screen which may cause computer screen getting discolored) and white vinegar.
Before you begin, wipe the computer with a clean dry cloth to remove the dust particles from the screen.
Start by adding a 50% white vinegar and 50% distilled water mixture.
Clean computer screen using that solution.
If you find that the cleaning agent is not strong enough you may add more white vinegar to the solution.
NOTE: Things to remember while cleaning the computer screen.
- Make sure the monitor or the computer is POWERED OFF before you clean.
- Avoid directly applying the solution to the screen such as using a spray, wet the cloth with the solution and clean the screen.
- Do not use any liquid on the computer screen.
- Do not use hard cloth.
- Do not use any object or your fingernails to remove stubborn stains on the screen.
- Always use a soft, lint-free cloth (do not use paper towels, Dishtowels or Facial tissues)
- Use a solution of distilled water and mild soap if required to remove stubborn stains. | chemistry |
http://qualityfoils.com/faqs.php | 2018-02-22T10:33:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814101.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180222101209-20180222121209-00522.warc.gz | 0.904403 | 3,143 | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__108977847 | en | Introduction to Stainless Steel
What is Stainless Steel?
Stainless steel is a generic term for a group of corrosion resistant steels containing minimum of 10.5% of chromium. Varying additions of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium and other elements may be present. The mechanical properties and behaviour in service of the various types depends upon their composition, and hence careful selection of the most appropriate type is vital to success in any application.
Types of Stainless Steel
There are five basic categories of stainless steel – Austenitic, Ferritic, Duplex, Martensitic and Precipitation Hardening. The austenitic grades are non-magnetic and in addition to chromium, typically at the 18% level, contain nickel (which improves fabrication and corrosion resistance) and are the most widely used group of stainless steels. The ferritic grades are magnetic, have a low carbon content and contain chromium as the main element, typically at the 13% and 17% levels. Duplex stainless steels have a mixed ferritic/austenitic structure. Chromium content varies from 18-28% and nickel from 4.5-8%. Duplex grades find application particularly where chlorides are present. The martensitic grades are magnetic containing typically 12% chromium and a moderate carbon content; are hardenable by quenching and tempering like plain carbon steels and find application mainly in cutlery manufacture, aerospace and general engineering. Precipitation hardening steels have chromium content at 17% typically with additions of nickel, copper and niobium. Precipitation hardening stainless steels have a minimum of 17% chromium and contain other elements that can provide strengthening through a precipitation hardening mechanism. They are capable of achieving very high strengths with proof stresses ranging in the 1000 - 1500 Mpa range depending on the type and the actual heat treatment.
Austenitic and ferritic grades account for approximately of stainless steel applications.
All stainless steels have a high resistance to corrosion. This remarkable resistance to attack is due to the naturally occurring chromium-rich oxide film present on the surface of the steel. Although extremely thin, this invisible, inert film is tightly adherent to the metal and extremely protective in a wide range of corrosion media. The film is rapidly self-repairing in the presence of oxygen and damage by abrasion, cutting or machining is instantaneously repaired.
In general the corrosion resistance of stainless steels improves as the chromium content increases. The addition of nickel raises corrosion resistance making these steels suitable for more aggressive conditions. The addition of molybdenum to the austenitic, terrific and duplex grades improves pitting corrosion resistance and produces the most resistant grades in these categories.
The lower alloyed ferritics are limited to mildly corrosive environment, often being used in less demanding applications.
Superior corrosion resistance and ease of cleaning results in widespread use of austenitic stainless steels in food and beverage equipment. Austenitic grades are also highly resistant to the wide range of rural and industrial atmospheres, resulting in extensive use in architectural and structural applications. Resistance to attack by acids, alkalis and other chemicals, has led to a wide use in the chemical and process plant industries.
Both ferritic and austenitic stainless steels are often found in household products.
Maintenance will usually involve simple cleaning methods to provide a clean, bright, attractive finish and lone service life.
Selection of the correct grade and finish is very important to obtain the corrosion resistance required. Aggressive corrosive media can necessitate the use of one of the more highly alloyed stainless steel grades.
The ferritic stainless steels can be welded in thin sections, but advice should be sought in welding practices. The austenitic and duplex stainless steels are readily welded by the full variety of welding techniques. Welding practices that incorporate high heat input and slow cooling rates, particularly on thick sections; can impair corrosion resistance adjacent to welds. To overcome this titanium stabilised grades and low carbon (L) grades have been developed. Brazing and soldering can be carried out successfully with light sections.
There is a wide range of stainless steels with other attractive properties to complement their corrosion resistance? the austenitic steels provide an example, Most austenitic grades have excellent formability and impact strength. The common grades can be used up to around 600°C or slightly higher if scaling resistance is the only consideration. More highly alloyed grades can raise this temperature appreciably with many furnaces using higher chromium and nickel grades up to 1100°C. They perform well at cryogenic temperatures, retaining excellent ductility and impact properties. Cold working and forming processes considerably increase the strength and hardness of austenitic grades, a property exploited in springs and structural components. The addition of nitrogen to austenitic and duplex grades increases strength and hardness which are retained after welding or heat treatment. Selection of the correct grade is thus important to give the best combination of properties for the application.
Stainless steel grades have designations derived from various sources. “18/8” or “l8/10” for instance is a non-technical description often seen describing grade 304 or its equivalents.
a. AISI three digit designations such as 304 or 316 are now the most widely used system, being adopted, sometimes with minor variations by Standards bodies. Japan, Britain and Australia. They are also used in ASTM specifications which tend to be used, or at le understood in almost every country. The system proven durable, but inadequate to cope with new alloys. Extra letters designate alloy variants, such as 304L, 316LN or 310S.
b. UNS numbers address the inadequacies of the AI system. One letter ("S" for wrought stainless steels, for cast) plus five digits based on the AISI numb Grade 304 is UNS S30400, 304L is S30403 and 304H is S30409. Grade 904L is officially classified as a nickel based alloy hence designated UNS N08904.
c. European designations originated as German Werkstoff Numbers (eg 1.4301 for Grade 304) or DIN grade designations leg X5CrNi 189 for 304). Similar descriptive designations were used in other European countries. These are now incorporated in “Euronorm” specifications which replace national specification throughout the European Union.
d. Proprietary designations have often been given alloys by their original manufacturer. Standard designations are later added when alloys are widely accepted, but the proprietary designations often persist. Examples are "253 MA" which is an Avesta Sheffi trademark (UNS equivalent is S30815) and "SAF2304” (which is a Sandvik trademark (UNS equivalent S32304).
e. Cast alloys are often loosely referred to by equivalent wrought designations, but a cast "304" has different composition and properties. The section on Castings gives further details.
Alloying Elements in Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is a steel to which a minimum 10.5% chromium and other alloying elements are added. The addition of different elements influences the mechanical, physical and corrosion resistant properties of stainless steel. Listed below is a summary of the effects of the most important alloying elements.
In most stainless steels carbon (C) is kept to low levels, typically 0.05% C, or 0.03% C in the low carbon "L" grades and other stainless steels used for fabricated components in thicker sections. However, in martensitic stainless steels C is the alloying element added, in amounts varying from 0.15% - 1.2% C, to render these steels heat treatable by quenching and tempering to develop high strength and hardness levels.
A minimum of 10.5% Chromium (Cr) is needed in stainless steel, at which level a continuous, stable and inert (passive) chromium oxide film forms on the surface, producing resistance to corrosion, both wet (aqueous) and dry (gaseous). Higher levels of Cr (up to about 26% Cr) further increase corrosion resistance.
Nickel (Ni), if added to stainless in sufficient quantity, develops a fully austenitic crystal structure, hence austenitic stainless steels, as typified by grade 304 (18% Cr 8% Ni). Lower levels of Ni, insufficient to develop a fully austenitic crystal structure, can result in a duplex (mixed) crystal structure of ferrite and austenite (found in duplex stainless steels).
Molybdenum (Mo) enhances the properties of the passive surface film, and renders stainless steels which contain it more corrosion resistant, particularly to pitting in chloride environments. The higher the Mo content the more aggressive the corrosive conditions that can be handled (eg grade 316 with 2% Mo and grade S31254 with 6% Mo).
Titanium (Ti) is added to produce stabilised grades such as 321. Titanium is a strong carbide former and preferentially forms Ti carbides obstructing the formation of Cr carbides. This activity prevents intergranular corrosion occurring in the region adjacent to welds.
Manganese (Mn) like Ni promotes the formation of an austenitic crystal structure. In the 200 series austenitic stainless steels Mn is used to partially replace Ni. Min is also increased to slightly higher levels than normal in the free machining grades of stainless steel to which sulphur (S) or selenium (Se) have been added.
Sulphur (S) is normally kept to very low levels, typically 0.03% maximum, but in practice much lower. If increased to around 0.2% S (as in grade 303) the machinability, of the steel is improved, but the fabricational, mechanical and corrosion resistant properties are impaired.
Niobium & Tantalum
Niobium (Nb) and Tantalum (Ta) are stabilising elements with effects similar to Ti. Grades incorporating Nb and Ta are seldom used, the Ti stabilised grades being preferred. However, Nb is used for the manufacture of welding consumables (grade 347 in both electrodes and i1ler wire), as Ti tends to be lost in transfer across the arc.
Nitrogen (N) promotes an austenitic crystal structure, and is used to complement Ni in the "N" grades of austenitic stainless steels. The yield strength of such grades at subzero temperatures is vastly improved. N is also used in duplex stainless steels (eg S31803) to increase the austenitic fraction of the crystal structure. improving weldability.
Silicon (Si) is added to improve the scaling resistance of austenitc heat resistant stainless steels (such as 314 and S30815). In castings higher Si content increases the fluidity of the molten metal improving the "castability" and high Si GMAW (MIG) welding wire is usual as the Si promotes washing and wetting behaviour.
Useful Facts About Stainless Steel
Conditions Which Favour Use of Stainless Steel
Key Considerations in Working Stainless Steels
- Corrosive Environments
- Very low (cryogenic) temperatures — prevents brittleness
- High temperatures — prevents scale maintains strength
- High strength vs mass
- Hygienic conditions required — easy cleanability
- Aesthetic appearance — no rust, thus no paint necessary
- No contamination — prevents catalytic reactions
- Discharge slideability from hoppers
- Wet abrasion resistance
- Non-magnetic properties of austenitic grades
- Know the material: this improves decision making, avoids problems and saves costs.
- Know the grade of material: Connect material selection is vital risk taking is costly.
- Know the design: Good design ensures savings for fabricator and user.
- Know surface finishes: Good finishes perform wall look good and promote sales.
- Know your supplier
- Apply good housekeeping: Good housekeeping saves rectification costs.
- Apply accurate identification: Lost identity can prove costly.
- Apply production planning: Planning saves costs and promotes quality
All stainless steels have a much lower conductivity than that of carbon (mild) steel (plain chromium grades approximately ¼). This must be borne in mind for any operation which involves high temperature, e.g. effects during welding (control of heat input), longer times required for heating to attain a uniform temperature for hot working.
Plain chromium grades have an expansion coefficient similar to carbon (mild) steels, but that of the austenitic grades is about one and a half times higher. The combination of high expansion and low thermal conductivity means that precautions must be taken to avoid adverse effects, e.g. during welding use low heat input dissipate heat by use of copper backing bars and use adequate jigging. This factor must also be considered in components which use a mixture of materials, e.g. a heat exchanger with a mild steel shell and austenitic grade tubes.
Stainless steels rely on a very thin surface passive film for their corrosion resistance. It is vital to maintain and preserve the integrity of the passive film.
- Avoid mechanical damage and contamination.
- Repair any affected areas (e.g. high temperature scale adjacent to a weld, mechanically damaged or ground areas, contaminated areas), by passivation only or by both pickling and passivation
- Ensure a constant and sufficient availability of oxygen at the surface of the stainless steel
Stainless steels have a tendency to gall, pick-up or seize. To avoid this take precautions such as:
Stainless Steel — High Quality, but NOT indestructible
- For surfaces experiencing relative motion - minimise the load, ensure no heat build up, keep free of grit or contaminants, use lubricants or surface coatings.
- On threaded components the threads must have a high degree of surface finish, components should have an intermediate to free fit. avoid over?torque and contamination of the threads.
DO store away from carbon steels.
DO use storage racks and handling equipment protected by: plastic, dry timber, felt, etc., which will not mark the surface of the steel or permit contact with carbon steel.
DO handle with care and avoid damage to the product’s shape.
DO use clean gloves
WHEN supplied on product, keep the protective plastic or strippable coating intact as long as possible?it helps prevent damage in the period between delivery and final installation.
DON'T allow contact with carbon or other steels, especially use of tools or equipment used on carbon steel.
DON'T walk on the steel.
DON'T scratch the steel.
DON'T allow contact with foreign substances, e.g. fingerprints, oil, grease.
DON'T expose protective coatings, when applied to the steel, to direct sunlight unless special UV resistant marks are on the coating. | chemistry |
https://alternative.tips/app/chemdraw/ | 2023-09-23T01:09:30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506429.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922234442-20230923024442-00670.warc.gz | 0.907092 | 423 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__96480422 | en | What is ChemDraw?
ChemDraw is a powerful software tool that allows scientists and researchers to communicate complex chemical structures, biological pathways, and models using a natural language approach. It is widely used in the field of chemistry and related disciplines to create accurate and visually appealing representations of molecules and reactions.
Creating Chemical Structures
With ChemDraw, users can easily draw chemical structures by simply clicking and dragging atoms and bonds onto the canvas. The software provides a wide range of tools and features to ensure accuracy and precision in creating these structures. Users can choose from a vast library of chemical templates, atoms, and bonds, making it easy to represent even the most complex molecules.
Visualizing Biological Pathways
ChemDraw goes beyond just chemical structures and allows users to visualize and represent biological pathways. This feature is particularly useful in fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology, where understanding the interactions between molecules and pathways is crucial. Users can easily create diagrams and models that depict the flow of information and molecules within a biological system.
Modeling and Simulating Reactions
Another powerful aspect of ChemDraw is its ability to model and simulate chemical reactions. Users can input the reactants and conditions, and the software will generate a step-by-step representation of the reaction process. This feature is invaluable in predicting the outcome of reactions and understanding the underlying mechanisms.
Collaboration and Sharing
ChemDraw also offers collaboration and sharing capabilities, allowing researchers to work together on projects and easily share their work with others. Users can export their drawings and models in various formats, making it compatible with other software and platforms. This promotes seamless collaboration and enhances the exchange of ideas and findings within the scientific community.
In summary, ChemDraw is a versatile and essential tool for scientists and researchers in the field of chemistry. Its ability to communicate complex chemical structures, visualize biological pathways, and model reactions makes it an invaluable asset in various scientific disciplines. By providing an intuitive and user-friendly interface, ChemDraw empowers scientists to effectively convey their ideas and findings, ultimately advancing the understanding and knowledge in the field of chemistry. | chemistry |
https://www.clevelandseniors.com/health/dermaadc4.htm | 2024-02-26T18:23:18 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474661.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226162136-20240226192136-00489.warc.gz | 0.925308 | 882 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__88666860 | en | Q. Can I use the sunscreen I bought last summer, or do I need to purchase a new bottle each year? Does it lose strength?
A. Unless indicated by an expiration date, the FDA requires that all sunscreens be stable and at their original strength for at least three years.
While you can use the sunscreen that you bought last summer, keep in mind that if you are using the appropriate amount, a bottle of sunscreen should not last you very long.
Approximately one ounce of sunscreen, enough to fill a shot glass, is considered the amount needed to cover the exposed areas of the body properly.
Q. What is the difference between UVA and UVB light wavelengths and will a sunscreen protect me from both?
A. Sunlight consists of two types of harmful rays - UVA rays and UVB rays.
The UVB rays are the sun's burning rays (which are blocked by window glass) and are the primary cause of sunburn and skin cancer.
UVA rays (which pass through window glass) penetrate deeper into the dermis, or base layer of the skin. They also contribute to sunburns and skin cancer.
Both UVA and UVB rays can cause suppression of the immune system which helps to protect you against the development and spread of skin cancer.
Since PABA and PABA esters only protect against UVB light, check for a broad-spectrum sunscreen that also screens UVA rays.
Ingredients like benzophenones, oxybenzone, sulisobenzone, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and avobenzone (Parsol 1789), extend the coverage beyond the UVB range and into the UVA range, helping to make sunscreens broad-spectrum.
Q. What is an SPF?
A. SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor.
Sunscreens are rated or classified by the strength of their SPF. The SPF numbers on the packaging can range from as low as 2 to greater than 50. These numbers refer to the product's ability to screen or block out the sun's burning rays.
The sunscreen SPF rating is calculated by comparing the amount of time needed to produce a sunburn on sunscreen protected skin to the amount of time needed to cause a sunburn on unprotected skin.
For example, if a sunscreen is rated SPF 2 and a fair-skinned person who would normally turn red after ten minutes of exposure in the sun uses it, it would take twenty minutes of exposure for the skin to turn red.
A sunscreen with an SPF of 15 would allow that person to multiply that initial burning time by 15, which means it would take 15 times longer to burn, or 150 minutes.
Dermatologists strongly recommend using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or greater year-round for all skin types.
Q. Does SPF 30 have twice as much sun protection as SPF 15?
A. SPF protection does not actually increase proportionately with a designated SPF number.
In higher SPFs, such as an SPF of 30, 97 percent of sunburning rays are absorbed, while an SPF of 15 indicates 93 percent absorption and an SPF of 2 equals 50 percent absorption.
Recent research suggests that high SPF sunscreens are an appropriate choice for very sun sensitive individuals (skin types I and II). One study determined that skin protected by an SPF 15 sunscreen and then exposed to 15 times the minimum dose of sunlight normally required to cause redness produced 2.5 times the number of sunburn cells seen in SPF 30 protected skin with the same dose of sunlight.
These results suggest that prevention of redness does not necessarily mean prevention of all sun-induced damage. More research is currently underway on the protective effects of sunscreens on different skin types.
Q. Does the SPF tell how well a sunscreen protects against UVA or UVB rays?
A. The SPF number on sunscreens only reflects the product's screening ability for UVB rays.
At present, there is no FDA-approved rating system that identifies UVA protection. Scientists are working to create a standardized testing system to measure UVA protection.
Back to Top of Page
Sunscreen - Part 3
Back to Dermatology | chemistry |
https://www.raoils.com/products/radiance-pink-mask | 2020-01-25T18:12:10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251678287.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125161753-20200125190753-00255.warc.gz | 0.866575 | 262 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__136465870 | en | radiance clay mask
A powerful detoxing pink clay mask with pure rosehip extract and antioxidant green tea to exfoliate and regenerate, leaving the skin silky smooth and with a beautiful healthy glow. The delicate clay has firming and toning elements that improve the overall texture of the skin providing lasting hydration.
Rosehips is recognised as having one of the highest concentrations of vitamin-C (ascorbic acid), with up to 60 times the vitamin-C of citrus fruit. You might feel a little tingle sensation due to the high amount of vitamin-C.
For maximum effect, leave the facemask on for 15 minutes and finish by wetting your hands and exfoliating the skin with the mask. Rinse off with warm water, ideally in the shower.
Perfect for skin in need of some extra love and care.
Ingredients: Kaolin (australian pink clay) powder, Rosa canina (rosehip,rose rubignosa) extract, Camellia sinensis (green tea) extract. Contains essential fatty acids and minerals, vitamins A- C and E.
Against animal testing.
Keep away from children.
Not for internal use.
Use within 36 months after opening.
Lovingly blended by hand in Iceland. | chemistry |
https://vaftech.com.au/uncategorized/thermal-compounds-explained-master/ | 2023-12-06T10:13:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100593.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206095331-20231206125331-00641.warc.gz | 0.959498 | 1,056 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__180886427 | en | Confused about thermal compounds? There are many variants, but we only use Artic’s compounds, with Arctic Silver 5 being our preferred choice. However, AS5’s little brother, Ceramique, is a cheaper alternative with similar performance. The difference in performance is explained in this Overclockers post by an Arctic guru:
If we were to send 100 of you AS5 and Ceramique, I would expect that 65 to 75 would get the lowest temps with AS5 and 25 to 35 would get the lowest temps with Ceramique.
The contact areas of every CPU and heatsink are different. Some are flat, some are concave to one extent or another, and some are convex to one extent or another. Some surfaces are very smooth, others are slightly irregular and some are rough. The pressure applied to the thermal interface joint varies from heatsink to heatsink both in total and in evenness across the surface.
All these variables affect how well a certain thermal compound works on a given CPU and heatsink. There is much more to the real-world performance of a thermal interface than the bulk thermal conductivity of the compound. How well the compound wets or comes into intimate contact with the mating surfaces is also very important. If Compound A has twice the thermal conductivity of Compound B, but Compound B wets 90% of the mating surfaces while Compound A only wets 40%, Compound B with its lower thermal conductivity, but better wetting, will perform better if the bond line thickness is the same.
And that is the third compound factor affecting real-world performance; bond line thickness. How well is the compound able to squeeze out of the gap and allow as much physical contact as possible between the CPU and heatsink. If a compound spaces the heatsink away from the CPU, the performance could be worse than a compound with lower conductivity and less wetting that forms a much thinner bond line.
With regard to AS5 and Ceramique, AS5 has much higher thermal conductivity, but Ceramique is a bit better at surface wetting and forming a minimum bond line. Which combination of compound factors is most critical in your system depends on the characteristics of the interface gap noted above. Are the mating surfaces smooth or rough? Are they flat, concave or convex? How much pressure is there on the interface and is the pressure even?
If one of you were to bring your system to our lab, we could develop a compound that would work better on it than any of our retail compounds. But since that compound would be tweaked for the specific characteristics of your CPU to heatsink interface, it will probably perform much worse for some other systems where the thermal joint has different characteristics.
Our retail products have to perform well on the widest range of systems. On a scale of 1 to 100, it is much better to have a product perform in the 70 to 85 range on almost every system than that to have one that performs at the 95 range on some systems, but in the 35 range on others.
This is why you will continue to see posts where Ceramique performs better than AS5. On some systems it will. But on more systems, the AS5 will perform better. If Ceramique performs better than AS5 on your system then keep using Ceramique. Just be aware that the rankings may well change should you use a different heatsink or different CPU.
Also keep in mind that the break-in on AS5 is much longer than with Ceramique and the temperature drop can be more dramatic. I have seen systems where Ceramique was better after a week, but by six weeks, AS5 passed it and gave lower temperatures. Most of thermal compound break-in can be traced back to surface wetting and bond line thickness, the two factors where Ceramique has some advantage over AS5 right out of the gate. Since the silver particles in AS5 are much heavier than the fillers in Ceramique, it takes more time and more thermal cycling for AS5 to fully flaunt its superior thermal conductivity.
After saying all of this, I want to mention that Ceramique should never beat AS5 by the 6C noted in the first post of this thread. Since both the idle temperature and full-load temperature both dropped by at least 5C, I suspect that this new board is measuring temperatures about 4C to 5C lower than the old board. Since the rise in temperature across a thermal joint is proportional to the power, the difference between the compounds would be less at idle than it is at full load if all you were seeing was the compound change. If JudgeDredd had changed compounds without changing the motherboard, he probably would have seen no change at idle and 1C at load or possibly 1C at idle and 2C at load.
Arctic Silver, Inc.
Sourced from – http://www.overclockers.com/forums/showthread.php/385314-Artic-Ceramique-6C-less-under-load?p=3677469#post3677469 | chemistry |
https://tavvakitchen.com/collections/stainless-steel-containers/products/tavva-earth | 2024-04-24T22:27:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819971.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424205851-20240424235851-00732.warc.gz | 0.921086 | 1,035 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__58852290 | en | Are these containers lined with Tritan?
No, the Tavva containers are made from uncoated 18/8 food grade stainless steel and are plastic-free. Since stainless steel is non-reactive, containers made from this material don’t leak and don’t have to be lined. Also, the silicone lid is plastic free and very flexible.
Is the silicone lid 100% food grade and totally without any toxic fillers?
Tavva containers are 100% plastic-free, crafted from high-quality, food-grade stainless steel topped with food-grade silicone lids. Because it does not contain plastic, our product is free of all estrogen-mimicking chemicals, such as bisphenol-A (BPA), phthalates, and bisphenol-S (BPS).
Are the lids easy to open for kids?
Yes, they’re very flexible silicone.
Can you use these to freeze food?
If you do use them in the freezer, make sure you don’t fill them up to the top, especially when you put liquids in. We all know that liquids expand when they freeze and how an aluminum can will swell up in the freezer. You don’t want that to happen to your nice stainless container, so we recommend leaving about an inch of space for expansion. Also, be careful when taking it out because skin will freeze to frozen metal and that's no fun.
How do I wash my stainless steel food containers?
With hot soapy water and detergent - or in the dishwasher! Do not use bleach, harsh chemicals, abrasive cleansers or pads. With proper care and cleaning, your stainless steel lunchboxes may be used for years and years to come.
Does stainless steel corrode or stain?
Stainless steel is a material that is used extensively in the kitchen due to its general resilience against things like heat and corrosion, along with a pretty good level of stain resistance.
Usually, the chromium within stainless steel reacts to oxygen in the air and forms a protective film, preventing problems like rust and reducing the risk of permanent marks. With gentle care and regular cleaning, stainless steel will often last for many years and resist developing rust or stains!
However, while stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion, it's not completely impervious.
If it’s treated with harsh chemicals, like bleach, or its surface is coated with grease or dirt and not regularly cleaned, the stainless steel is more vulnerable to corrosion and wear. Regular gentle cleaning is required to preserve the appearance and integrity of its surface. In fact, stainless steel actually thrives with frequent cleaning, and, unlike some other materials, it is impossible to "wear out" stainless steel by excessive cleaning.
Cleaning Tips & Tricks for Stainless Steel
- Wash by hand or in the dishwasher with detergent will clean stainless steel safely and thoroughly. Follow with a hot water rinse.
- To remove food stuck to your container:
- Soak the container in warm soapy water and then clean with hot soapy sponge.
- For more stubborn cases, a Nylon non-abrasive pad with detergent should be adequate for dealing with most deposits.
- Another gentle but tough approach to removing deposits and stains is to use a baking soda paste. Simply mix a tablespoon of soda with a little water into a thick paste. Coat the problem area and leave for half an hour. Then rub with a damp cloth, rinse and dry.
- Please note: Water with a high mineral content tends to leave water spots, so in this case, it is recommended you wipe the surface completely dry with a clean, dry cloth.
No Bleach... and Other No-nos
- Bleach will stain and damage stainless steel, do not use cleaning sprays or solutions that contain bleach.
- Never use steel wool or steel brushes. They will scratch the surface of your stainless steel and make it more susceptible to rusting and staining.
- Abrasive cleaners will scratch the surface and should always be avoided.
- Dirty water and cleaning solutions can leave a residue that can stain and damage the surface, so don’t forget to rinse and dry.
- Long-term exposure to table salt and salt and vinegar mixes can damage stainless steel.
- In order to reduce chance of staining, do not allow the following acidic food items to remain on stainless steel surfaces for hours: ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, lemon juice, vinegar, salt, and salad dressing.
Are the silicone lids dishwasher safe?
The silicone lids used in our collection are dishwasher safe. They can also be hand washed. Avoid harsh chemicals like bleach.
In case of food odors, wash the lids with a paste made from baking soda and water. Simply mix a tablespoon of soda with a little water into a thick paste. Coat the problem area and leave for half an hour. Then rub with a damp cloth, rinse and dry. | chemistry |
https://www.designforminc.com/uab-chemistry | 2024-02-26T21:21:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474663.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226194006-20240226224006-00042.warc.gz | 0.930244 | 185 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__210471588 | en | UAB 3RD FLOOR
The Designform team began the project with a comprehensive program validation that led to the complete demolition and re-design of the existing undergraduate chemistry labs.
The 22,631-square-foot project includes General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Biological, Analytical / Physical teaching laboratories with support space and a Computational Chemistry lab. The design team worked closely with the department’s faculty and administration to incorporate the latest teaching and research methodologies as well as new equipment into the design.
Common areas are designed to facilitate student interaction and offer views into the labs for visitors and prospective students. During construction, the mechanical system was re-designed to connect to the UAB campus chilled water system while maintaining an active system for the first and second floors.
Other systems modifications included fume hoods, acid waste, new laboratory casework, ambient lighting and audio / visual equipment. | chemistry |
https://exstax.com/products/all-products/ | 2023-09-24T19:50:08 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506669.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924191454-20230924221454-00713.warc.gz | 0.876364 | 243 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__202287108 | en | All STAX cartridges are safe, effective, and consistently dosed cannabis products that DO NOT contain artificial flavors or cutting agents of any kind. (including vitamin E acetate). We exclusively use our proprietary and patent-pending STAK’D technology that is 3rd party tested and verified free of heavy metals, ensuring the highest quality components for maximum compatibility with all our products.
Our Live Rosin is a solventless full-spectrum concentrate derived from freshly frozen whole plant cannabis. The end result provides consumers with the experience of the full aroma and flavor offered from high quality cannabis plants.
Our Live Resin concentrates are derived from the highest quality whole plant cannabis that is meticulously harvested and immediately frozen before extraction. This ensures maximum terpene and cannabinoid retention and is unrivaled in taste, potency and effect.
Request EXSTAX at Your Local Dispensary!
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. FOR USE ONLY BY ADULTS 21 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER. MEDICAL CANNABIS IS FOR USE BY CERTIFIED PATIENTS ONLY.
© 2022 EXSTAX LLC. All Rights Reserved. | Terms & Conditions | chemistry |
https://www.nudiejeans.com/sustainability/chemicals/ | 2020-06-07T00:55:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348521325.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20200606222233-20200607012233-00267.warc.gz | 0.958959 | 569 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__173646830 | en | Our challenge is to reduce the use of harmful chemicals and to increase the use of better chemicals.
We recognize that chemicals are needed in the production of textiles, but our challenge is to reduce the use of harmful chemicals and to increase the use of better chemicals. This is a big challenge, but in 2018 we have taken steps in the right direction.
We only work with suppliers with approved wastewater systems, as chemicals released with waste water are a large source of chemical pollution. Nudie Jeans requires all of its suppliers, whether production is outside or within Europe, to comply with European legislation and regulations on chemicals. All Nudie Jeans suppliers must sign and follow our code of conduct including our Restricted Substance List (RSL). Our RSL is based on the European chemical legislation REACH, but with stricter limitations for many of the listed chemicals.
Nudie Jeans’ RSL is in line with the best practices within the textile industry and legislation in our production countries outside the EU. Each season, we conduct random chemical testing to check that the requirements of the RSL are upheld for our production. The Chemical Policy and RSL form our basic requirements, and we continuously communicate with our suppliers about the chemicals used, as well as the handling and storage of the chemicals. It is high important for the suppliers to provide their employees with the right personal protective equipment (PPE), and also to offer training to increase awareness and knowledge of how to use PPE correctly and why it is important.
We only work with suppliers with approved wastewater systems, as chemicals released with waste water are a large source of chemical pollution.
Water and Energy
Textile and garment manufacturing is an energy intensive industry. Nudie Jeans’ energy impact, as the seller and indirect producer, reaches all the way to the growing of the raw material throughout the chain of production through the end of life of the garment. Our ability to influence the impact differs depending on the stage of production or user phase, and we acknowledge that our business creates the largest part of its energy consumption outside of our own organization. So far, we have not yet had the possibility to collect energy or water consumption data from our full production chain. We are working with engaged suppliers that value sustainability and invest in energy and water saving technologies.
One example is the Save Blue concept developed by our main fabric supplier Bossa where around 55% of water is saved during the dyeing process. Another good example is our Indian supplier Armstrong Knitting Mill, which covers 100% of their energy with wind and solar power, and more and more suppliers in our supply chain are switching to renewable energy sources. We follow all our suppliers’ developments with interest and aspire to gather more precise data for both energy and water consumption for our production in the coming years. | chemistry |
https://midnightsunbrewing.com/beers/big-school-words/ | 2024-04-15T03:40:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816939.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20240415014252-20240415044252-00354.warc.gz | 0.879544 | 273 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__44843558 | en | Malt: Two Row, Flaked Oats, Flaked Wheat, White Wheat, Malted Oats, Dextrin Malt
Hops: Mosaic, Motueka, Simcoe, Cascade, Saaz
ABV: 7% ABV
Biotransformation! Thiolized! Big School Words! This new hazy IPA is full of big flavors and aromatics! Starting in the mash tun, we mash hopped with Cascade and Saaz hops. This technique is called mash hopping and when applied in the brewing process, helps convert thiol precursors into a form that makes it possible for fermentation to generate rich, tropical aromas. We then added in Simcoe and Motueka hops to the whirlpool, to maximize aromatics and minimize bitterness. Fermenting with Omega Yeast Cosmic Punch Ale, this strain aides in generating thiols through biotransformation, releasing tropical aromas. Biotransformation of hops is a process by which yeast change less desirable hop compounds into more desirable bold flavors and aromas. Thiols are highly impactful aroma compounds that evoke grapefruit, passion fruit, and guava. Once fermentation was rocking, we did two dry hop additions of Mosaic, Simcoe, and Motueka hops, further adding juicy, tropcial aromatics. | chemistry |
http://dermandlaser.com/blog/why-opt-for-minerals-instead/ | 2018-05-23T05:23:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865450.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523043959-20180523063959-00060.warc.gz | 0.944093 | 374 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-22__0__162221559 | en | Why opt for minerals instead?
- You can test this at home: True, 100% mineral makeup will also sit on top of water. Grab a glass of water, tap a small amount of your makeup in and see if it starts to sink.
4. Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide are two main components in mineral makeup. You’ve heard us mention these two before as they are also two of the most effective physical blockers for sun protection. As a third added bonus (1. sunscreen, 2. makeup coverage), zinc is an antioxidant which helps protect your skin from free radical damage, and titanium dioxide has a high light refractive property – higher than that of a diamond – which helps bolster a luminous, glowing skin tone.
In general, mineral makeup is really taking you back to the basics. With it’s history dating back to ancient times (Cleopatra didn’t have liquid eye liner, she opted for kohl instead!), advances in formulation and the refining of minerals has helped set mineral lines above many conventional brands. With the added benefits of antioxidants and sunscreen, mineral makeup can work as an extension of your skin care regimen as well.
Now we don’t want you to think all non-mineral makeup lines are the enemy and you should stay away from them – that is far from the case! Our goal is to make sure you have all the facts when you visit the makeup counter so you can make an informed decision. If you are considering mineral makeup, we do caution you check the ingredients as not all mineral makeup lines are 100% mineral based. Still not sure if your choice is 100% mineral? Ask a sample and try the water test at home.
Do you have a favorite mineral makeup line? Join the discussion on our Facebook page to tell us your experiences and favorite tips! | chemistry |
http://www.youmagnificentbastards.com/2014/02/resin-casting-bases.html | 2017-04-28T19:57:11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123048.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00642-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.960411 | 1,588 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__237083028 | en | I recently ventured into resin casting some bases for my new High Elf army and many asked if I would document the process. So keep reading past the break and we'll dive right into it!
First off, let's talk about safety. I didn't read up and educate myself before getting started. As such I exposed myself to the fumes the resin gives off when curing.
This shit is poison.
Wait not that kind of Poison.
Please, Please, Please read the label and all of the warnings BEFORE you start with these products. Know what you are getting into and how you could be affecting the people in your house.
Work in a well ventilated space
Wear a Respirator at a minimum
Wear rubber gloves at a minimum
After doing some research some of these guys wear full suits when casting. There are all types of resin though and some are far nastier than the type of stuff you would be using.
One warning I read from a forum that scared the bajesus out of me which I confirmed via some government documentation I found online.
the dangerous compound in polyurethane resin is called isocyanate. it is colorless odorless and extremely hazardous. it can be absorbed by breathing it in and also through contact with the skin.
It will not kill you and the danger is not an acute one. it is a cumulative effect. When it is absorbed it gets into your blood and stays their - it NEVER goes away. continued exposure increases the amount in your system. it has no ill effect until it reaches a critical mass in your system ( different for everyone. When you notice its effects its too late - nothing can be done. The effects usually manifest as symptoms similar to pneumonia I believe. This is known as 'sensitivity' and when it manifests it results in an intolerance to polyurethane plastics. You cannot be in their vicinity without manifesting symptoms to which their is no remedy. There is a lot of polyurethane & polyurethane blends in our lives. Sensitivity makes life extremely difficult.
You can not be too careful. You have been warned.
There is a reason the guys who make and sell resin cast bases charge what they do. And this is it. They are handling toxic product. The process isn't even remotely hard but it is dangerous. As such, once this project is completed I won't be doing any more resin casting. It's just not worth the risk and other people live in my gaming space - adversely affecting them in any way would just about kill me.
Sorry all - had to be done. Now back to our regularly scheduled programming.
Step 1 - Create the originals
I created bases using - MDF bases, cork, stamped sculpey, green stuff, and sand. I did superglue my sand to the base (I always do). This may be important though because I noticed on the de-molding that the mold took a few pieces of the vine and sand anyway. White glue may not be enough to keep your materials on your bases. Just means more work cleaning out the mold. I made 10 infantry bases and 6 Cav bases to supply my army.
Step 2 - Prepare the originals for molding
You will want to ensure you are working on a level surface. I first arranged the bases in a manner that looked appropriate. You want them close together with smallish gaps in between to reduce mold material waste. Once I was happy with the arrangement I put a little superglue on each of the corners of the underside of the base. I glued them to a clean piece of Sheet Styrene I got at my local train store. You can also find this stuff online. Popular brand names are Plastruct / Evergreen. Basically any smooth, flat surface would work that you don't care too much about. (*Probably a bad idea to do this on the dining room table bro!!!)
I then created a lego frame (don't tell my kid I used his legos plz) to create a retaining wall for the molding material. I did not superglue the lego frame to the styrene. Once it was located in the proper position I secured it in place with blue tac and then used the hot glue gun to run a bead of glue around the outside perimeter where it meets the styrene. I did not want to ruin the legos (and I did not!!).
Step 3 - Make the Mold
The next step is to mix the molding material and pour it in. This is a two-part molding material. I used what I had on hand (from a starter kit) which is a product from Smooth-On. They have a ton of online resources and youtube videos as well. We used something called OOMO also for casting the minions. I really like this stuff as you don't need to mess with release agents at any stage of the process.
Mix it up and pour it in. I did a thin coat and used some small glue applicators I have on hand to push it into all the recesses and then poured the rest. You want to ensure you are a good bit over your highest point. I had used the lego to help me figure out how high I had to pour. I then let it cure a good 12 hours. (My work surface is not level - something I didn't realize til after the cast).
Step 4 - De-molding
After letting it cure for 12 hours I came down to de-mold. I first removed the lego frame. Then I slowly peeled back 1 corner of the mold. Ya have to kind of finagle it and it really is only something you can feel but it is really obvious. Take your time. Go slow. Once you have all the originals out I went to work trimming the edges of the mold and cleaning out any sand / vines the mold "swallowed".
Step 5 - Casting
Now with the mold created I set about to create my first bases. Again using what came in my starter kit I followed the directions on the box and mixed up the 2 part resin material.
After you mix up the resin, slowly pour it into the mold. I did my best to try and fill each base to create level bottoms but it was nigh impossible. It didn't help that my mold was not level since my work surface is not level! LOL! After pouring you need something to help you remove any air bubbles from each individual pocket. The more detail the more little hiding spots for bubbles. I used these which are quite honestly one of my new favorite hobby tools.
Let the resin cure. It takes about 10-15 minutes. Looks pretty cool while it is happening too!
Step 6 - Remove the casts
The next step is simply to remove the cast pieces from the molds. They often need trimmed and most likely the bottoms will need sanded to get them level. Please note - sanding / drilling / cutting resin creates resin dust which is as harmful to your health as is inhaling the fumes the resin creates while curing. Please take adequate precautions!!! Wear a mask. I plan to wet-sand my bases underwater to minimize dust. I will be wearing rubber gloves, long sleeves and a respirator.
Step 7 - Profit
I was very happy with the level of detail captured. You can see the sand grains and the HE jewel I added to the base is an exact replica of that part.
In 3 hours time I was able to cast my mold 8 times creating 80 infantry bases and 8 cav bases!!!
Good luck to you if you choose to head down this path. Please note all the safety precautions. It's just not worth doing any harm to yourself. | chemistry |
http://www.dubib.com/news/30384_gpca-announces-the-establishment-of-a-memorandum-of-understanding-with-the-society-of-plastics-engineers | 2013-05-24T01:37:20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368704132298/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516113532-00087-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.938551 | 578 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__65872463 | en | GPCA announces the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding with the Society of Plastics Engineers
Kuwait, June 12, 2012: The Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemical Association (GPCA) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE) to launch an industry and community education campaign to improve understanding of the plastics sector.
The MoU was signed in Dubai by Dr. Abdulwahab Al-Sadoun, Secretary General of the GPCA, and SPE President Jim Griffing.
The cooperation is aimed at highlighting the socio-economic benefits of the plastics industry and achieving a wider understanding of the plastics industry more generally.
“The GPCA and SPE believe in the importance of plastics and their positive contribution to society, which includes job creation and skills development across the Arabian Gulf Region,” said Dr. Abdulwahab Al-Sadoun. “The region’s most important export is oil and gas, and by bolstering the plastics industry through training and knowledge transfer, we will maximize the value of this crucial export.”
Various initiatives will see the two organizations reach out to local communities to highlight the opportunities the plastics industry offers, as well as the Gulf’s emergence as a global hub for the plastics sector. With the Middle East industry seeing 8.5 per cent annual growth, conditions are right for the local plastics industry to experience further rapid development, Dr. Al-Sadoun said.
The educational campaign will also challenge common misperceptions of plastics, in particular those relating to its environmental impact.
“Many plastics are completely recyclable with a much lower carbon footprint than other products widely considered more sustainable. Yet low awareness of the environmental performance of plastics is proving a barrier to acceptance,” said Dr. Al-Sadoun.
Utilizing the GPCA’s extensive Middle Eastern network, the two organizations will share information and best practices with plastics companies to help develop the region as a knowledge centre. SPE will also work with the GPCA to stage technical conferences and workshops in support of local plastics convertors and processors.
“The Gulf region has a strong and growing plastics industry. As the largest network in the Plastics world, SPE is excited to be working with GPCA to provide world class plastics awareness, education and conferencing support. We are convinced that the broadening of SPE's network with and for GPCA's plastics companies, will not only enhance further growth in the GULF region, but will be to the benefit of our complete industry. For this important milestone, our President Mr Jim Griffing came over to Dubai to sign and ratify this co-operation.” said Wim De Vos, Chief Executive Officer of the SPE. | chemistry |
http://1970boss302.blogspot.com/2014/01/removing-surface-rust-tip-on-exposing.html | 2019-01-19T14:47:14 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583668324.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190119135934-20190119161934-00345.warc.gz | 0.947468 | 1,280 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__22585255 | en | In this update, I have set out to remove most of the lighter surface rust with my angle grinder fitted with a surface conditioning disc. These open-weave nylon abrasive discs make quick work or removing light rust and surface imperfections without damaging the parent metal. Fortunately, the vast majority of the surface rust was easily removed in this way, but it also revealed a few concerns where the heavier rust deposits were.
Close inspection after cleaning up the visible rust revealed an area of tiny pits (and a few slightly larger ones) that appeared to have cleaned up. However, experience has taught me that surface conditioning discs do not clean rust from pits very well and in all likelihood, there was plenty of microscopic rust (a.k.a. micro-rust) still living at the bottom of these tiny pits. The problem is if you can’t see the rust, how do you eliminate it?To many, the quick and easy answer is to haul out the sand blasting rig and assault the panel with high-velocity abrasive to remove this miniscule rust residue at the expense of all of the good metal around the areas. Unfortunately, this is analogous to driving finishing nails with a sledge hammer. It’s kinda the right idea, but the execution is never what you really had in mind. However, the most effective solution to address this problem is actually simpler and cheaper than you might think. Stay with me now……
As I have outlined many times in previous blog entries, I use a phosphoric acid Prep & Etch solution to treat and preserve all of the bare metal that is exposed while I work. This serves many useful purposes, not the least of which is keeping flash rust in check and arresting the progression of existing rust by converting it to black ferric phosphate (FePO4) until it can be properly dealt with. The problem here is that once the exposed surface of the rust is converted, the conversion reaction stops and the underlying rust, while essentially arrested and sealed, is still there.But hold on a minute and let’s think about this. If we have taken our time to prepare a nice, clean, bare steel panel by removing all traces of original paint, brushing the visible rust off the surface with a surface conditioning abrasive, sanding the surfaces smooth, and finally applying a light coat of phosphoric acid prep to preserve the panel, what more can be done to positively identify micro-rust and how do we eliminate it effectively without tearing up a perfectly viable panel?
The answer is almost ridiculously simple. Remember how the phosphoric acid converts the rust it contacts into a black inert byproduct (ferric phosphate)? Well why not use this very reactive characteristic as a chemical “indicator” of every spot on the clean panel that retains rust? In other words, the black byproduct has now become a very effective and relatively high-contrast “developer” that will highlight every spot where micro-rust remains. So, by using a phosphoric acid prep solution on your clean steel panel, you will have created a virtual “road map” of sorts that clearly shows you all of the areas that will require addition cleaning methods to remove the remaining rust.Now that the “secret” of exposing the remaining micro-rust areas has been identified, the process of removal can begin. This is where the process becomes a bit of a throwback to the popular sand blasting method but on a much smaller scale. Since blasting is so effective at removing rust and other surface coatings, I have come to love a product from Zendex called the Speed Blaster along with their add-on accessory the Hot Spot abrasive recovery fixture. Essentially, this combination creates a small, virtually dust-free miniature sand blasting apparatus that will blast small, dime-sized circles of metal with high precision and effectiveness and it only requires a few minutes to master. By using this tool to blast each and every black “freckle” indicated by the phosphoric acid solution, I can very methodically remove even the tiniest traces of rust from pits that are almost invisible to the naked eye. And the beautiful part is the method of checking progress is to simply reapply the phosphoric acid solution to the freshly blasted area and look to see if the black spots reappear. If any black traces remain, I simply fire the Speed Blaster back up and repeat the process until all traces of micro-rust have been eliminated.
Once the job is complete, I treat the entire panel one final time with a phosphoric acid wash applied by hand, allowed to sit for a few minutes to etch the metal surface evenly, and then wipe off the residue with clean cloths and quickly hit the entire surface with compressed air to drive off the moisture as quickly as possible. At this point, the panel is preserved and can be worked extensively in preparation for dent removal, fabrication work, metal finishing, and structural and cosmetic filler work. Yep, that’s where we are heading next!
|Using a surface conditioning disc on my angle grinder, I was able to remove most of the surface rust spots that were exposed once the quarter panel was completely stripped to bare metal.|
|Looking closely, you will see the phosphoric acid has turned the micro-rust black and it shows up quite easily against the shiny bare metal.|
|Now that the micro-rust can be easily seen, I can confidently remove it. a bonus is that the phosphoric acid will continue to perform its "indicator" role for as long as necessary until I am able to remove ALL of the hidden rust.|
|A quick run over the entire panel with an 80 grit disc in the DA sander polishes up the metal surface nicely and adds contrast to the areas that we have treated with phosphoric.|
|Here is a close-up of the spots blasted with the Speed Blaster tool.|
|Here is a shot of the quarter after I have blasted all of the spots that showed the black ferric phosphate coating left on the surface of the hidden rust by the phosphoric acid.|
|A final treatment with phosphoric acid Prep & Etch and the panel was ready for formal bodywork without the worry of having missed any hidden rust.| | chemistry |
http://www.co-bealarmed.co.uk/2014/09/co-be-alarmed-releases-a-guide-to-stay-safe-from-carbon-monoxide-poisoning/ | 2020-04-08T14:34:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371818008.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20200408135412-20200408165912-00305.warc.gz | 0.956381 | 252 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__125679128 | en | CO – Be Alarmed has published a booklet giving advice on how to stay safe from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The information about CO includes, instruction on how to fit an alarm and spot the signs as well as instructions on what to do in an emergency. Jude Sellmeyer, a nurse who suffered from CO poisoning, also features in the guide and discusses her experience.
CO is a deadly gas that cannot be seen, smelt or tasted. It can be produced by faulty fuel burning appliances and can only be detected by a CO alarm. Nausea, headaches and dizziness are just some of the symptoms caused by CO. High doses of the gas can cause permanent brain damage and even death.
Lawrence Slade, spokesman for CO – Be Alarmed, said:
“Many people don’t know just how dangerous it is and how hard it is to detect. This is why CO – Be Alarmed work hard to educate and raise awareness. This booklet is just the latest example. We want people to pass this information on to their friends, family and co-workers and spread the word about CO. Carbon monoxide really is the silent killer.”
Follow the campaign on twitter @COBeAlarmed | chemistry |
https://3dbindery.net/ | 2024-04-20T16:17:19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817670.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20240420153103-20240420183103-00538.warc.gz | 0.937492 | 654 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__104552296 | en | PROUDLY SERVING ALL PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS!
Conveniently located in Central Florida.
Started in 1995, 3d Bindery has become a successful trade bindery, producing everything from soft cover books, to magazines, catalogs, yearbooks and other publications.
As technology and demands have changed, so has 3d Bindery’s outlook on the binding industry. With customers always looking for quicker turnaround and a better quality product, 3d Bindery relies on Muller Martini’s Pantera PUR Perfect Binder to meet those demands.
Perfect binding is available in quantities from a single book to hundreds of thousands. We utilize both PUR adhesive and standard EVA glue.
Element bindery options include Plastic Coil, Twin Loop Wire, GBC Comb and Velobind.
phone: 407.831.2463 (BIND)
toll free: 877.484.7333
Perfect binding utilizes two types of glue: Polyurethane Reactive (PUR) and Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). Both are very successful forms of adhesive in perfect binding. The difference in the two is that PUR is the most durable available, offering flexibility for all types of applications including catalogues, manuals, etc.
One of the main concerns with conventional EVA binding is it’s stability in extreme temperatures. PUR adhesive sets quickly when it cools from the melt form to a solid, and at that point has reasonable strength. However, the adhesive will continue to develop strength due to a chemical reaction that occurs between the polyurethane and environmental moisture. Once cure is complete (generally in 18-24 hours), the bond is far superior to ordinary hot melts - by 2.5 times the strength. Due to the cross-linking provided by the moisture reaction, PUR hot melts are highly resistant to re-melting in extreme summer months and cold cracking in harsh winter months.
PUR also uses a smaller amount of glue, and can bind materials that may not have been previously attempted. PUR does not require knocking-out spine ink, coatings and varnishes. Another major advantage of PUR glue is its flexibility once it has fully cured. It is able to withstand heavy usage in demanding conditions.
Some of the benefits of EVA include a faster curing time, ease of operation, cleanup processes are easy when compared to PUR, and is more effective on thread sewn books, as the glue allows greater penetration into the folded sections.
Which is best? - probably needs to be replaced with the question - Which is most suitable? The decision to use one over the other is very much job specific and would involve numerous considerations – substrate used, thickness of book, or intended use of product.
For those that have not had the experience of seeing PUR binding in action,
please contact us for demonstration!
Please take a moment to review our attached information.
Forms must be downloaded to computer first to submit.
2702 Pemberton Dr, Apopka, Florida 32703, United States
07:00 am – 04:00 pm | chemistry |
https://winnebagoalumni.com/winnebago-industries-completes-acquisition-of-lithionics-battery/ | 2024-04-17T19:57:31 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817171.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417173445-20240417203445-00424.warc.gz | 0.932674 | 200 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__117215224 | en | Just over a month ago, we announced our intent to acquire Lithionics Battery, a premier lithium-ion battery solutions provider, to accelerate our innovation in diverse battery solutions and advance our overall electrical ecosystem, creating more opportunities for our RV and marine products to capitalize on consumer preferences for fully immersive, outdoor experiences.
I am excited to share that Winnebago Industries has finalized our acquisition of Lithionics Battery, and the transaction is now closed.
Following years of close partnership, we are pleased to welcome the talented Lithionics team to the Winnebago Industries family. We look forward to working together to expand the use of Lithionics’ efficient energy solutions within our own portfolio, as well as supporting Lithionics in growing relationships with its existing customers and exploring new market applications for its premier battery solutions.
Please join me in officially welcoming Lithionics to our portfolio of industry-leading brands and congratulations to all our team members who worked to make this transaction successful. | chemistry |
https://coatable.com/products/rust-base | 2024-03-04T03:40:54 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476413.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304033910-20240304063910-00042.warc.gz | 0.814652 | 3,687 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__198055623 | en | RUST BASE is a high-performance rust encapsulation coating that protects metal surfaces from corrosion. RUST BASE seals iron, steel, and most other metals and can be applied directly over rust and firmly bonded paint. RUST BASE also provides superior protection for concrete, wood and fiberglass. RUST BASE is abrasion, chip, chemical and UV resistant. Use RUST BASE as a primer for other Coatable products or as a single coating system.
RUST BASE does not require pre-treatments like other coating, and permanently stops corrosion by encapsulating a metal surface. Rust Base hardens like a rock to take on incredible abuse. Rust Base is the last corrosion coating you will ever use.
- True surface tolerant coating, with no need for pre-treatments.
- Apply directly over non treated rust.
- Single component formulation.
- Fast cure, atmospheric humidity accelerates curing.
- High solids content, made with Aluminum.
- Incredible adhesion to minimally prepared surfaces.
- Excellent wetting characteristics to penetrate and encapsulate all surfaces.
- Permanent non-porous barrier, provides long term corrosion protection.
- Mold & mildew resistant.
- Superior abrasion & chemical resistance.
- Withstands temperatures up to 325F.
- Easy to apply, brush roll or spray.
- Primer, mid-coat, top-coat all in one.
- Excellent flow and self-leveling.
Note: The secret to RUST BASE performance is due to the high aluminum content which provides game changing corrosion protection, but limits RUST BASE to a single metallic silver color. For this reason, STOP HEAT & NOVA SHINE are available as topcoats if color or additional color is required.
Popular Application Areas:
|chassis – truck bed – trunks – axles – floor pans – fenders – engine - floor pans – wheel wells
|Engine Rooms – Hulls – masts – bilges – heat exchangers – metal decks – chain lockers – pumps fuel tanks – boat trailers
|I beams – structural steel – pipes – sealing concrete – air conditioners – fiberglass – rebar – gas & fuel tanks – exterior coating for all rusted metal
|Farm & Household
|hand rails – support beams – lawn equipment – farm equipment – garage floors – pipe work – appliances – lead based paint encapsulation
Rust Base Spread Rate:
- A single quart will cover 25 ft2 with 2 coats
- A single 1 gallon will cover 100 ft2 with 2 coats
- A single 5 gallon will cover 500 ft2 with 2 coats
How fast does RUST BASE cure?
While micro climate and direct sunlight play a part in the final curing times, Refer to chart below for an estimate.
|90 F / 32 C
|70 F / 21 C
|50F / 10 C
SURFACE PREPARATION:All surfaces must be completely dry and free of loose rust, loose paint, visible moisture, dirt, mildew, oil, wax, chlorides, and any other contaminants that may affect adhesion or performance prior to applying RUST BASE. Remove loose rust, paint and mil scale by hammering, scraping, sanding or wire brushing. Surfaces with firmly bonded paint should be roughed up with 100-150 grit sandpaper to ensure there is no shine left. Please note: If any existing paint or coating is not firmly bonded, the existing paint or coating may fail and the surface will require the re application of RUST BASE. While RUST BASE Coatings DO NOT contain lead, other oil based paints may contain lead. WARNING If you sand, scrape or abrade old paint, you may release lead dust. LEAD IS TOXIC, & CAN CAUSE BRAIN DAMAGE. PREGNANT WOMEN & CHILDREN SHOULD AVOID LEAD DUST EXPOSURE. To minimize lead exposure, wear a NIOSH- approved respirator. To control lead dust, clean up using a HEPA vacuum and a wet mop. For any questions, contact the National Lead Information Hotline at 1-800-424-LEAD or log on to www.epa.gov/lead.
APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS: Do not shake the container. Stir thoroughly, until coating is a silver color. Do not create a vortex when mixing. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Ideal application temperature is between 50F (10C) and 90F (32C) humidity below 90% to ensure proper drying. Do not apply to surfaces that exceed 150F (65C). RUST BASE may be applied by brush, roller, or spray equipment. Test a small area for proper adhesion. RUST BASE works best when pressed firmly against a substrate. Apply RUST BASE evenly without build up. A minimum of 2 coats of RUST BASE must be applied to achieve a minimum dft (dry film thickness) of 6 mils. A minimum dft of 12 mils is recommended for heavy industrial or marine use. Typical areas where stripe coats must be applied include welds, corners, edges and heavily pitted areas. Average drying time is between 2 to 6 hours. RUST BASE cures faster on humid days and slower on a dry days. Note: The above drying times are only estimates, actual drying times can vary significantly based on relative humidity, dry film thickness, wind, direct sunlight, temperature, and other factors. Previous coats of RUST BASE should be dry to the touch with no transfer of coating to a gloved finger before applying additional coats of RUST BASE or another topcoat. For optimum inter-coat adhesion apply the next coat as soon as the previous coat is touch to dry. If more than 12 hours have passed, wait at least 24 hours then rough up the surface with 150 grit before applying additional coats. RUST BASE is a metallic silver in color and does not require a topcoat. If a color other than metallic silver is desired, Coatable offers a variety of top coats. If using another brand top coat, it is recommended to first check for compatibility and follow the manufacturers recommendations. A small surface area should be tested for adhesion and compatibility. Top coats must be applied within 12 hours of the final coat of RUST BASE. Indefinite submersion requires an epoxy topcoat. Remember to limit the time the container is left open. Only pour what you need and then close the container to minimize air entry and avoid skinning. A thin plastic bag may be placed between the lid and the container. For more detailed instructions, please refer to the Technical Data Sheet and Application Instructions which are available online at www.coatable.com. Cure time varies based on relative humidity and temperature of the surface; approximately 80% in 4 hours; fully cured in 72 hours.
CLEAN UP: Remove any uncured coating by wiping a surface with solvent. Follow solvent manufacturers directions. Freshly cured product is removed with sandpaper or wire brush. RUST BASE is a permanent coating and once fully cured cannot be removed without abrasive action. Gloves and safety glasses are always required during set up, application, and clean up. If spraying, keep solvent ready to clean equipment before any brake and conclusion of job. Do not leave RUST BASE in the hose or sprayer. DO NOT THIN OR ADD ANY OTHER PRODUCT TO RUST BASE.
SPREAD RATE: On non-textured flat surfaces, each coat of RUST BASE covers approximately 200 sq. ft. per gallon (18.5 sq. mtr/gallon) at 8 mils wet / 4 mils dry (200 micron wet / 100 micron dry). Clean white flat metal requires 1 coat (4 mils DFT), rusted metal requires 2 coats (8 mils DFT), heavy industrial and marine requires 3 coats (12 mils DFT).
SEE SDS FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.
FOR PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY.
Questions and Answers
Why Does RUST BASE only come in a single silver metallic silver color?
The same non leafing aluminum metallics that give RUST BASE unparalleled corrosion protection limits it to a single metallic silver color.
Does RUST BASE require a primer or topcoat?
No, RUST BASE is a complete coating system in a single product. RUST BASE is self-priming and can be used as the primer, intermediate and topcoat. You do have the option of top-coating RUST BASE with STOP HEAT to block solar heat, or NOVA SHINE for a specific color.
How do I calculate spread rate for RUST BASE?
On non-textured flat surfaces, each coat of RUST BASE covers approximately 200 sq. ft. per gallon (18.5 sq. mtr/gallon) at 8 mils wet / 4 mils dry (200 micron wet / 100 micron dry). Clean white flat metal requires 1 coat (4 mils DFT), rusted metal requires 2 coats (8 mils DFT), heavy industrial and marine requires 3 coats (12 mils DFT), or two coats of RUST BASE and a top-coat of STOP HEAT or NOVA SHINE (12+ mils DFT).
Does RUST BASE require a pretreatment before applying directly to rusted surfaces?
No unlike other direct to rust coatings, RUST BASE does not require a pre-treatment. The only requirement is that the surface be clean from dirt, oil and debris and be applied on a dry surface.
Can I apply multiple coats in a single day to save time?
Yes, that is one the main advantages of using RUST BASE. Accelerated curing in the presence of atmospheric humidity. The higher the humidity the faster the curing. Anything above 40% humidity and you can do three coats in a single day if you start in the morning time.
What if I am interrupted, and cannot apply all the coats in a single day?
If you have full sunlight and high humidity above (80%), then you must sand the surface of RUST BASE after 12 hours of curing before you can applying another coat of RUST BASE.
If you have partial shade/sun with humidity up to 75%, then you have up to 24 hours to topcoat another coat of RUST BASE before requiring a light sanding of the surface.
If you are apply STOP HEAT or NOVA SHINE, there is no time limit. Just make sure the surface is clean when top coating.
How fast does RUST BASE cure?
While micro climate and direct sunlight play a part in the final curing times, Refer to chart below for an estimate.
Temperature (F) 90 F / 32 C 70 F / 21 C 50F / 10 C Relative Humidity 90% 1 hr 1.5 hr 2-3 hr 80% 1 hr 1.5 hr 2-3 hr 60% 1.5 hr 2 hr 3-4 hr 40% 1-2 hr 2-4 hr 6-8 hr 30% 2-3 hr 3-6 hr 10-14 hr 20% 6 hr 8-10 hr 12-16 hr 10% 12 hr 12-18 hr 18-24 hr
What kind of sprayer can you use to apply RUST BASE? Can it be applied by brush and roller?
Solvent Grade Brush, Roller (1/4 nap roller), Airless or Conventional sprayer.
If I am applying Stop Heat over RUST BASE, are there any over coat window time constraints?
No you can paint as soon as it touch dry/tack free or up to 30 days later. The surface just needs to be clean and dry.
What is the maximum operating temperature of RUST BASE?
Can RUST BASE take abrasion resistance?
Yes, RUST BASE is designed to take on incredible abrasion resistance like anchor chains dragging across a deck, or a tipper truck hauling gravel and rocks.
Can you apply RUST BASE to clean white metal?
Yes, on clean white metal, apply RUST BASE at 4 mils DFT (Dry Film Thickness) @ 200 ft2 per gallon
Can RUST BASE be applied over existing paint?
Yes, however make sure the paint is firmly bonded paint. Use a wire brush to remove any lose flaking paint. The best is a combination of paint and rust, because RUST BASE will create an anchor profile to the existing rust and securing itself the rusted surface.
Can RUST BASE be applied to concrete?
Yes, RUST BASE is an excellent sealer for aging concrete. RUST BASE bridges hairline cracks and hardens to over 6,000 psi in one month, and over 8,000 psi in two months of curing. Do not apply RUST BASE on new concrete until it has cured for over one month.
Does RUST BASE require thinning with lacquer thinner?
Do not thin with lacquer thinner. We do not recommend thinning RUST BASE, but if you must thin use Xylene or any aromatic solvent.
Can RUST BASE be applied in cold weather?
Yes, it will take longer to dry. Do not topcoat until the coating film is firm and hard. This may take up to 36 hours in climates like Denver Colorado in the spring time.
What if rains, after applying RUST BASE?
If the temperature is low, a light rain will not affect RUST BASE.
If temperature is high, and it rains within 4-5 hours after you have finished applying RUST BASE or before the coating film is dry, it may wash off the RUST BASE and compromise the performance.
What type of chemicals can RUST BASE resist?
Below is the list of chemicals and solvents based upon 8 months of immersion at room temperature.
Distilled Water: No Failure Gasoline No Failure Diesel No Failure 10% Sulfuric Acid: No Failure 10% Acetic Acid: Small Blisters After 10 Days 10% Fannie Acid: Small Blisters After 8 Days 25% Lactic Acid: No Failure 10% Citric Acid: No Failure Tannic Acid: No Failure Linseed-Oil Fatty Acid: No Failure 20% Soda Solution: No Failure 10% Salt Solution: No Failure 30% Sugar Solution: No Failure 10% Caustic Potash: No Failure 10% Ammonia: Small Blisters After 20 Days 3% Free Chlorine Solution: No Failure 10% Hydrogen Peroxide: No Failure: No Failure Premium Grade Gasoline: No Failure Methylene Chloride: Destroyed After 1 Day Ethyl Acetate: No Failure Acetone: Softens After 10 Days
Can RUST BASE be applied over fresh organic zinc rich primers?
No, RUST BASE will react and bubble with fresh coat of zinc rich primers. If the zinc is older than 6 months, do a small patch test to ensure there is no reaction. If the zinc rich primer is top coated, with another non zinc coating, then you can topcoat over the topcoat without any issues.
What happens if you overcoat RUST BASE with itself too soon?
You may get solvent entrapment/solvent pop. This happens when the solvent is trying to evaporate and gets trapped in the coating film forming very small bubbles. These are not pin holes and will not affect the performance of the coating but may cause an aesthetic issue. To solve, apply a light sand over the surface and re apply a thin coat over affected areas. Ref to overcoat chart to allow for enough time for curing based on humidity and ambient temperature.
How do you prevent the lid and the can from sealing shut once you open the can to pour out RUST BASE, and then want to close the lid?
Apply a piece of plastic between the lid and can to ensure you can easily open the can again. Firmly close the lid to ensure no air gets into the can.
Is RUST BASE flammable? What is the VOC content?
Yes, RUST BASE is flammable. (See Technical Data Sheet and SDS) RUST BASE has 380 grams per liter for the regular version, and below 95 grams per liter for the low VOC version.
How is RUST BASE different from other direct to rust coatings?
RUST BASE uses low molecular weight solvents that penetrate to the pores of the metal. It has low surface tension for deep penetration and encapsulation of the metal surface, thus significantly slowing the electro chemical reaction by robbing the metal surface of oxygen. Non leafing aluminum metallics provide both barrier and galvanic protection, for long term corrosion protection.
Can RUST BASE be indefinitely submerged?
No, unless you topcoat with an approved submergible topcoat. Ask us for details on what type of coating to use if you will be indefinitely submerging RUST BASE. Splash zone is completely fine.
What if I get RUST BASE on my skin?
Do not use water, wipe off with solvent (xylene or paint thinner), then wash with soap and water.
What type of personnel protection should I use when applying RUST BASE?
Use appropriate PPE including NIOSH approved respirator, safety glasses and gloves when applying RUST BASE.
How long should I keep indoor area ventilated after applying RUST BASE?
Up to 7 days
How many sets of brushes or rollers do I need for my application?
Due to the rapid curing and hardening you will not be able to clean brushes or rollers for multiple uses/coats. Therefore you will need a separate solvent grade brush/roller for each RUST BASE coat. If you are doing three coats you will need three separate brushes or rollers. | chemistry |
http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/freezing-point-depression-boiling-point-elevation.htm | 2015-04-21T14:36:57 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246642037.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045722-00222-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.925518 | 2,253 | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-18__0__38631505 | en | The effects of solutes
What happens if, instead of having pure
liquid water, we put some salt or sugar in the water? In other words, what
if our liquid phase is a solution? This makes the liquid state less
organised, because the sugar molecules or salt ions are free to move about
almost randomly. So the liquid water molecules are more disordered (less
regimented) in a solution. The ice and the steam remain unaffected,
however: sugar and salt hardly dissolve at all in ice, nor do they
evaporate near 100°C.
How does this affect the trade-off between the molecular energy and the
molecular order? The gain in disorder on evaporation is now less, because
the liquid water in solution is more disordered. The energy effect is
hardly changed, so the energy effect now dominates over a slightly larger
range: the molecules of water in solution have to have slightly more
energy (a slightly higher temperature) in order for the two effects to be
in balance. So the boiling temperature is higher for a solution.
Conversely, when we look at melting, the disorder effect is greater for
a solution: on melting into a solution, water molecules go from the high
order of crystalline ice into an even more disordered state than pure
liquid. So the disorder effect can dominate even at lower temperatures. So
the freezing temperature is lower for a solution.
I mentioned the equilibrium freezing and boiling temperatures above. Time to explain. Imagine ice floating in pure water at 0°C. If we add a little heat, some ice melts. Remove a little heat and some water freezes. We call this the equilibrium freezing temperature: 0°C for water. However, when one cools reasonably pure water, it usually cools several degrees below 0°C – we say it supercools by several degrees – before the first ice crystal appears. That ice crystal then expands rapidly, giving up latent heat, which warms the nearby water back to about 0°C. More about supercooling and super heating below.
An aqueous solution has a higher boiling point and a lower freezing
point than does pure water.
If the solution is not too concentrated,
these two effects are approximately independent of what the dissolved
substance is: a sugar molecule has much the same effect as a salt ion. So,
provided you remember to count each ion separately, the effect of
concentration on boiling point elevation or freezing point depression is
much the same for all small solutes in water. (Macromolecules such as
polymers behave differently because they have lots of neighbouring solvent
molecules, and so affect the solvent much more than simple solutes.)
Antifreeze. So, you might expect that the antifreeze in a
radiator not only stops it freezing, but also helps stop it from boiling.
However, the real situation is more complicated: antifreeze has the
disadvantage that it is not quite as good as water at transporting heat.
Ethylene glycol is one antifreeze. Salt is used to melt snow and ice on
roads in cold countries, but it is not used in radiators because it is
corrosive and crystallises readily. Sugar is not used in some
applications, because concentrated sugar solutions are viscous, and
because they support bugs. However, many organisms use sugars and other
small organic molecules as antifreeze. See cryobiology.
An interesting observation: The concentration of solutes in blood is less than that in sea water, so the equilibrium freezing temperature of blood is usually higher than that of sea water. Consequently, some Arctic and Antarctic fish live at temperatures below the equilibrium freezing temperature of normal blood. The bio-antifreeze in their blood is a protein that works in a way different from the anti-freeze used in car radiators: the antifreeze protein binds to freezing nuclei and so permits the blood to remain supercooled.
The effect of pressure
Notice that above I've included the proviso
"at atmospheric pressure" a few times. The reason why the pressure is
important is that, in the vapour phase, a given amount of a substance
occupies a much larger volume than it does as a liquid. Some of the energy
required to vapourise it goes towards 'pushing the air out of the way' to
make room for the amount evaporated. (The amount of work done is the
product of the pressure P and the change in volume ΔV. Technically, there
is a PΔV term in the latent heat.) So, at low pressure, it is easier to
form the vapour phase and so the boiling point is lower. The dependence of
the transition temperature on pressure is the Clausius-Clapeyron effect.
(Again, being a bit technical, we note that this effect involves energy -
the work done in displacing air - whereas the solute effect involves
entropy - the disordering of the liquid phase.)
Water expands a lot when it boils: one kilogram of water is one litre
of liquid water, but it becomes about 1700 litres of steam at atmospheric
pressure. This means that even modest increases in altitude can measurably
reduce the boiling temperature. Some people complain that this affects
cooking and even the taste of tea at altitude.
It is also true that pressure changes the melting temperature. However,
because the volume occupied by a kilogram of liquid is not much different
from that occupied by a kilogram of solid, this effect is very small
unless the pressures are very large. For most substances, the freezing
point rises, though only very slightly, with increased pressure.
Water is one of the very rare substances that expands upon freezing
(which is why ice floats). Consequently, its melting temperature falls very slightly if pressure is increased.
It is sometimes said that freezing point depression
with pressure explains the low friction under an ice-skate. On its own, this story is not convincing. The Clausius-Clapeyron effect appears not large
enough to make a noticeable difference. However, the skate story is so
widely believed (outside of thermodynamics classes, anyway) that it's
worth being quantitative. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation says that the
ratio of the change in pressure times the change in specific volume to
the latent heat of the phase change equals the ratio of the change in
transition temperature to the (absolute) melting or boiling temperature.
(It's often written as dP/dT = L/T*Δv, an equation that we might have
guessed from dimensional considerations.)
The weight of the skater is say 1 kN. I'm not a skater, but let me guess at a lower bound for the skate-ice contact area of say 100 mm2. (Say 200 mm long by 0.5 mm wide: skaters, is this reasonable?) So, with this value, the pressure is increased by
(very roughly) 10 MPa. A kg of water (one litre) freezes to give
about 1.1 litre of ice, so the change in specific volume is about
10-4 m3kg-1. The latent heat of
fusion of ice is 330 kJ.kg-1. So the proportional change
in temperature is
(10 MPa)(10-4 m3kg-1)/(330 kJ.kg-1),
which is 0.3%. Multiply this by the melting temperature of ice (273 K)
and we get an upper bound to the temperature change of around 1 K = 1 °C. So, with
these values, the calculation shows that the pressure of an ice skate
can reduce themelting temperature of ice by more than
1 °C. So, if this were the cause of the slipperiness, ice
skating would be possible only at temperatures only one or a few degrees
below freezing. From observation, it is possible to ice skate on ice at
much lower temperatures than this. Unless we could argue that the area
of contact of a skate is as small as 10 mm2, this effect
cannot explain why ice is slippery under a skate. On the other hand, it
is easy to explain that the surface of ice is at least a little
slippery. At the surface of ice, water molecules are only hydrogen
bonded to their neighbours on one side. Consequently, their energy is
not as low as in bulk ice. So, at equilibrium, they must have a higher
entropy. So ice must have a thin water layer on the surface, whose
thickness woud be expected to increase at temperatures close to melting.
The comparable calculation for boiling point change is a bit more
complicated. The latent heat in this case is larger
(2.3 MJ-1) but the change in specific volume is much
larger (typically a few times
10-2 m3kg-1). So changes in
altitude can change the boiling temperature, and going up a mountain can
reduce it by as much as several degrees.
When are the boiling temperature and freezing temperature
equal? What happens then?
For all substances, as we lower pressure, the boiling
temperature falls much more rapidly than does the freezing temperature.
(For water, the freezing temperature rises slightly at low pressure.)
Hence the obvious question: Are the boiling temperature and freezing
temperature ever equal?
The answer is yes. At the low pressure of 611 Pa (only 0.006 times
atmospheric pressure), pure water boils at 0.01 °C, and it also
freezes at 0.01 °C. The combination of conditions (P, T) =
(611 Pa, 0.01 °C) is called the triple point of
water because, at this pressure and temperature ice, liquid water and
steam can coexist in equilibrium. This point is used to define our scale
of temperature: by definition, the triple point of water occurs at
273.16 K, where K is the kelvin. 273.16 K = 0.01 °C
* This explains why, above, I wrote that liquid water only exists if
the pressure is high enough. At pressures below 611 Pa, there are
only two phases, and ice sublimes to form steam directly, without passing
through a liquid phase. (In this context, the reverse of 'to sublime' is
not, as one might have hoped, 'to ridicule'. At low pressures, steam
condenses to form ice.) | chemistry |
https://www.magna-ndt.com/category/aqueous-cleaners/ | 2019-11-13T19:43:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496667333.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20191113191653-20191113215653-00125.warc.gz | 0.892745 | 410 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__93295042 | en | Daraclean® 200 is a low-foaming high-alkaline cleaner for heavy-duty use on most metals, and it is not aggressive on brass, copper and titanium alloys. It is designed for immersion, spray, and ultrasonic applications.
A foaming, all-purpose neutral cleaning solution meant for a broad spectrum of soils, Daraclean® 212 is formulated with a blend of surfactants, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors, and is safe to use on most metals, while being non-aggressive with aluminum and titanium alloys.
Daraclean® 235 is a low-foaming, neutral cleaning solution for general use on a broad spectrum of soils and safe to use on most metals, non-aggressive on aluminum, brass, copper, titanium and zinc alloys.
Daraclean® 236 is a low-foaming, all-purpose neutral cleaner for a wide range of soils and safe to use on most metals and removes tarnish from brass, bronze, and copper alloys.
A low-foaming, all-purpose alkaline cleaning solution, Daraclean® 282 is an excellent cleaner for a broad spectrum of soils. Daraclean 282 has excellent soil-rejecting properties and suspends soils until they settle and can be removed by filtering or skimming, extending the life of the cleaner much further than emulsion-type solutions.
Daraclean® 282GF is a high performance cleaner for a broad spectrum of soils. A low-foaming all-purpose glycol-free alkaline cleaning solution with a unique blend of surfactants and corrosion inhibitors, it meets or exceeds the specifications for most aerospace applications for aqueous and alkaline cleaners.
Daraclean® 283 is a low-foaming, powerful alkaline cleaning solution formulated for use on a broad spectrum of soils, composed of surfactants, emulsifiers, and corrosion inhibitors. It is safe to use on most metals and is non-aggressive towards titanium alloys. | chemistry |
http://hickory.com/story/lead-oxide-makes-it-crystal-how-does-that-work/2050940 | 2017-07-22T10:45:28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423992.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722102800-20170722122800-00699.warc.gz | 0.942886 | 555 | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-30__0__238092107 | en | Glass is formed when sand, caustic soda or potash and lime are exposed to high temperatures. Glass is produced in nature under the right conditions. Ancient man used bits of natural glass in artwork and for decoration. Archeologists found Egyptian glass beads that date back to 2500 BC. It took more than a thousand years to learn how to make glass.
Glass molding, where chips of glass are melted and formed into shapes, did not occur until about 150 BC. Glass-making developed over the centuries as glass-blowers experimented with techniques and additives. In the 15th century, glass-blowers used lead oxide to create a colorless glass that looked like rock crystal. The glass-making industry continues to improve glass quality and expand its uses. Today, glass in all shapes and sizes is used in the home, in industry and to celebrate special events and contributions with crystal awards and trophies.
HOW GLASS IS MADE
All glass begins as a mixture of silica from fine sand, a caustic ingredient such as sodium bicarbonate or potash and lime. Additives such as lead oxide (lead crystal), iron chromate (green color) or cobalt (blue color) can be added before melting. This mixture is melted in a furnace at 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit for as long as 24 hours. The melted glass, which is a thick hot liquid, is then cooled to a working temperature. Once it can be worked, the glass is blown, rolled or pressed into its desired shape. Finally the glass pieces are placed into a cooling oven to complete the process.
The addition of lead oxide lowers the temperature and thickness of the melted glass. This makes the melted glass easier to work. Lead oxide also produces a more brilliant glass product. Glass-blowers can produce beautiful decorative pieces more easily. Lead crystal is used for crystal awards, sculptures, chandeliers and other elegant home décor.
You can tell the difference between lead crystal and cut glass. Lead crystal is generally heavier than glass of the same size and shape. Lead crystal is transparent and will remain clear in the light, whereas glass may be tinged green or yellow. Lead crystal will produce a pinging sound when lightly tapped; standard cut glass does not have this property.
CARING FOR YOUR LEAD CRYSTAL
The addition of lead oxide makes the melted glass softer and easier to mold into crystal awards and decorative pieces. Lead oxide also makes the finished product softer. Accumulated dust can be abrasive and scratch the surface of the crystal. It is important to clean your crystal with a mild detergent and lint free cloth. Leaded crystal awards and keepsakes can be enjoyed for many years with a proper maintenance. | chemistry |
http://www.arejuvenationspa.com/extras/pumpkin-enzyme-hand-treatment-longmount/ | 2017-12-15T15:54:32 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948575124.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20171215153355-20171215175355-00548.warc.gz | 0.914983 | 104 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-51__0__24277611 | en | Pumpkin Enzyme Hand Treatment
This deliciously aromatic treatment gently exfoliates the hands to reveal smoother, healthier skin! Containing natural pumpkin and multi-fruit complex, this solution contains powerful enzymes that act as alpha hydroxy acids to rid the skin of dull, dry cells leaving skin looking smoother and younger due to increasing the rate of cell renewal. The added benefit of over 100 nutrients help reverse the signs of aging. Add this yummy service to any skin care treatment, or enjoy it as a standalone! | chemistry |
https://feedenzymes.com/individual_enzymes.php | 2022-10-02T06:31:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337287.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20221002052710-20221002082710-00334.warc.gz | 0.918493 | 943 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__189958811 | en | Phytase offered by Lumis is an intrinsically thermo-stable new generation E.coli Phytase, which is stable at wide pH conditions in the animal’s digestive system. It helps in releasing optimum phosphorus that leads to reduced feed cost through lower use of inorganic phosphorus while promising increased animal performance. It helps in releasing energy, entrapped calcium and other minerals that otherwise are unavailable for absorption. It also increases the utilization of proteins, amino acids, starches and lipids. Phytase from Lumis is compatible with animals own endogenous enzymes and also complements the use of externally added enzymes.
Lumis Lipase breaks down fats in majority of feed ingredients thereby improving animal digestion and subsequent utilization of fat. Lipase is useful in all oil based raw materials like vegetable oil, tallow, animal based oil etc.
Lumis Biotech offers a novel blend of multiple Amylases that works at wide pH condition and is highly thermo-stable. It increases starch digestibility of plant based raw materials releasing glucose which can be easily absorbed by the animals digestive system. It provides more available energy and essential nutrients while improving the animal performance. It is effective against different starches and starches with higher amylose contents. It thus helps in providing flexibility in using cost effective starch based raw materials.
Lumis offers a unique combination of multiple proteases from various sources ensuring maximized and improved digestion of proteins and amino acids across various protein substrates. The multiple protease product is thermo-stable and works over wider pH conditions.
These multiple proteases have endo and exo peptidase activities which allows broader selection of protein substrates including unconventional and economical / low quality protein sources, thus decreasing the cost. It helps in reducing nitrogen through faeces leading to a cleaner environment. Protease offered by Lumis is compatible with the animals own digestive enzymes and also exogenous enzymes.
Galactosidase offered by Lumis helps in removing flatulence (gas) producing compounds in diets such as soyabean thereby improving the nutrient digestibility and growth performance.
Pectinase offered by Lumis gives the best result in diets containing legumes like soya, beans and peas. The usage of Pectinase in feed production reduces the feed viscosity increasing nutrient release and absorption either by hydrolysis of non-biodegradable fibres or by liberating nutrients blocked by these fibres.
Cellulase offered by Lumis, degrades cellulose fibers thereby reducing water holding capacity leading to improved feed intake and animal growth. Cellulose fibers in cereals and legumes can be digested properly making it available as energy.
β - Glucanase
Beta Glucanase offered by Lumis helps in digesting and breaking down the beta-glucans and complex carbohydrates in the plant cell walls especially in high fibre ingredients such as barley and other grains like wheat, rye, triticale etc. leading to increased energy release from the feed ingredients.
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Lumis offers a unique combination of multiple Xylanases from different microbial sources. This product is highly thermo-stable and pH stable. The combination of Xylanase targets both soluble and insoluble part of the arabinoxylan fraction of plant based raw materials. This effectively leads to reduced viscosity and higher digestion of NSPs and release of entrapped nutrients like starch and proteins. Overall it improves growth performance and feed efficiency.
The Xylanase offered by Lumis which has significant levels of essential side activities like Cellulase, Beta-Glucanase, Mannanase and Galactosidase. All these side activities work in synergy with the multiple Xylanases improving the nutrient digestibility thereby enhancing the growth performance of the animal. The multiple Xylanase product is multi-species efficient and can be used at all stages of Poultry and Swine diets and is compatible with endogenous and other exogenous enzymes that may be added externally. | chemistry |
http://pamujiatmowiyono.blogspot.com/2010/02/formation-evaluation-gamma-ray.html | 2018-04-20T16:08:06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125944479.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420155332-20180420175332-00574.warc.gz | 0.657634 | 3,156 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__212944043 | en | The formation evaluation gamma ray log is a record of the variation with depth of the natural radioactivity of earth materials in a wellbore. Measurement of natural emission of gamma rays in oil and gas wells are useful because shales and sandstones typically have different gamma ray levels. Shales and clays are responsible for most natural radioactivity, so gamma ray log often is a good indicator of such rocks. In addition, the log is also used for correlation between wells, for depth correlation between open and cased holes, and for depth correlation between logging runs.
Natural radioactivity is the spontaneous decay of the atoms of certain isotopes into other isotopes. If the resultant isotope is not stable, it will undergo further decay until finally a stable isotope is formed. The decay process usually accompanied by emission of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Natural gamma ray radiation is one form of spontaneous radiation emitted by unstable nuclei. Gamma (γ) radiation may be considered either as an electromagnetic wave similar to visible light or X-rays, or as a particle of photon. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiations emitted from an atomic nucleus during radioactive decay, with the wavelength in the range of 10-9 to 10-11cm
Natural radioactivity in rocks
Fig1: Gamma-ray Spectra
Isotopes naturally found on earth are usually those which are stable or which have a decay time larger than, or at least a significant fraction of the age of the earth (about 5 x 109 years). Isotopes with shorter halflifes mainly exist as decay products from longer lived isotopes, and, as in C14, from irradiation of the upper atmosphere.
Radioisotopes with a sufficiently long halflife, and whose decay produces an appreciable amount of gamma rays are:
- Potassium 40K with half life of 1.3 x 109 years, which emits 0 α, 1 β, and 1 γ-ray
- Thorium 232Th with half life of 1.4 x 1010 years, which emits 7 α, 5 β, and numerous γ-ray with different energies
- Uranium 238U with half-life of 4.4 x 109 years, which emits 8 α, 6 β, and numerous γ-ray with different energies
Each of these elements emits gamma-rays with distinctive energy. Figure 1 shows the energies of emitted gamma-ray from the three main isotopes. Potassium 40 decays directly to stable argon 40 with the emission of 1.46 MeV gamma-ray. Uranium 238 and thorium 232 decay sequentially through a long sequence of various isotopes until a final stable isotope. The spectrum of the gamma-rays emitted by these two isotopes consists of gamma-ray of many different energies and form a complete spectra. The peak of thorium series can be found at 2.62 MeV and the Uranium series at 1.76 MeV.
The most common sources of natural gamma rays are potassium, thorium, and uranium. These elements are found in feldspars (ie. granites, feldspathic), volcanic and igneous rocks, sands containing volcanic ash, and clays.
Gamma-ray measurement has the following applications:
- Well to well correlation: gamma-ray log fluctuates with changes in formation mineralogy. As such, gamma-ray logs from different wells within the same field or region can be very useful for correlation purposes, because similar formation will show similar features.
- Logging runs correlation: Gamma-ray tools is typically run in every logging tools runs in a well. Being a common measurement, logging data can be put on depth with each other by correlating the gamma-ray feature of each run.
- Quantitative evaluation of shaliness: Since natural radioactive elements tend to have greater concentration in shales than in other sedimentary lithologies, the total gamma ray measurement is frequently used to derive a shale volume (Ellis-1987, Rider-1996). This method however, is only likely to be use in a simple sandstone-shale formation, and is subject to error when radioactive elements are present in the sand.
Gamma-ray detected by Gamma-ray detector in an oil or gas wells, is not only a function of radioactivity of the formations, but also other factors as follows:
- Borehole Fluid: the influence of borehole fluid depends on its volume (ie hole size), the position of the tool, its density, and composition. KCl in mud, for example, will invade permeable sections, with the net result of increase in gamma ray activity.
- Tubing, Casing, etc: Their effect depend on the thickness, density, and nature of the materials (eg. steel, aluminum). All steel reduces the gamma-ray level, but can be corrected once the density and thickness of the casing, cement sheath and borehole fluid are known.
- Cement: Its impact is determined by the type of cement, additives, density and thickness
- Bed Thickness: Gamma-ray reading will not reflect the true value in a bed whose thickness is less than the diameter of the sphere of investigation. In a series of thin beds, the log reading will be a volume average of the contributions within the sphere.
In addition, all radioactive phenomena are random in nature. Count rates vary about a mean value, and counts must be accumulated over a period of time and averaged in order to obtain a reasonable estimate of the mean. The longer the averaged period and the higher the count rate, the estimate of mean will be more precise.
Sample of corrections required for different gamma-ray tools are available from Schlumberger.
Measurement technique
Older gamma-ray detectors use the Geiger-Mueller counter principle, but have been mostly replaced thallium-doped sodium-iodide (NaI) scintillation detector, which has a higher efficiency. NaI detectors are usually composed of a NaI crystal coupled with a photomultiplier. When gamma ray from formation enters the crystal, it undergoes successive collisions with the atoms of the crystal, resulting in a short flashes of light when the gamma-ray is absorbed. The light is detected by the photomultiplier, which converts the energy into an electric pulse with amplitude proportional to the gamma-ray energy. The number of electric pulses is recorded in counts per seconds (CPS). The higher the gamma-ray count rate, the larger the clay content and vice versa.
Primary calibration of gamma-ray tool is the test pit at the University of Houston. The artificial formation simulate about twice the radioactivity of a shale, which generates 200 API units of gamma radiation. The detector crystal is affected by hydration and its response changes with time. Consequently, a secondary and a field calibration is achieved with a portable jig carrying a small radioactive source.
Saturday, January 31, 2009
Gamma Ray Log adalah metoda untuk mengukur radiasi sinar gamma yang dihasilkan oleh unsur-unsur radioaktif yang terdapat dalam lapisan batuan di sepanjang lubang bor.
Unsur radioaktif yang terdapat dalam lapisan batuan tersebut diantaranya Uranium, Thorium, Potassium, Radium, dll.
Unsur radioaktif umumnya banyak terdapat dalam shale dan sedikit sekali terdapat dalam sandstone, limestone, dolomite, coal, gypsum, dll. Oleh karena itu shale akan memberikan response gamma ray yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan dengan batuan yang lainnya.
Jika kita berekerja di sebuah cekungan dengan lingkungan pengendapan fluvio-deltaic atau channel system dimana biasanya sistem perlapisannya terdiri dari sandstone atau shale (sand-shale interbeds), maka log gamma ray ini akan sangat membantu didalam evaluasi formasi (Formation Evaluation- FE).
Seperti halnya logging yang lainnya, pengukuran gamma ray log dilakukan dengan menurunkan instrument gamma ray log kedalam lubang bor dan merekam radiasi sinar gamma untuk setiap interval tertentu. Biasanya interval perekaman gamma ray (baca: resolusi vertikal) sebesar 0.5 feet.
Dikarenakan sinar gamma dapat menembus logam dan semen, maka logging gamma ray dapat dilakukan pada lubang bor yang telah dipasang casing ataupun telah dilakukan cementing. Walaupun terjadi atenuasi sinar gamma karena casing dan semen, akan tetapi energinya masih cukup kuat untuk mengukur sifat radiasi gamma pada formasi batuan disampingnya.
Seperti yang disebutkan diatas bahwa gammar ray log mengukur radiasi gamma yang dihasilkan oleh unsur-unsur radio aktif seperti Uranium, Thorium, Potassium dan Radium. Dengan demikian besaran gamma ray log yang terdapat didalam rekaman merupakan jumlah total dari radiasi yang dihasilkan oleh semua unsur radioaktif yang ada di dalam batuan. Untuk memisahkan jenis-jenis bahan radioaktif yang berpengaruh pada bacaan gamma ray dilakukan gamma ray spectroscopy. Karena pada hakikatnya besarnya energy dan intensitas setiap material radioaktif tersebut berbeda-beda.
Spectroscopy ini penting dilakukan ketika kita berhadapan dengan batuan non-shale yang memungkinkan untuk memiliki unsur radioaktif, seperti mineralisasi uranium pada sandstone, potassium feldsfar atau uranium yang mungkin terdapat pada coal dan dolomite.
Gamma ray log memiliki satuan API (American Petroleum Institute), dimana tipikal kisaran API biasanya berkisar antara 0 s/d 150. Walaupun terdapat juga suatu kasus dengan nilai gamma ray sampai 200 API untuk jenis organic rich shale.
Gambar dibawah ini menunjukkan contoh interpretasi lapisan batuan untuk mendiskriminasi sandstone dari shale dengan menggunakan log gamma ray.
Dikarenakan log gamma ray memiliki kapabilitas untuk mengukur derajat kandungan shale di dalam lapisan batuan, maka didalam industri migas gamma ray log kerap kali digunakan untuk memprediksi besaran volume shale atau dikenal dengan Vshale dengan formulasi:
Gamma ray log memiliki kegunaan lain diantaranya untuk melakukan well to well correlation dan penentuan Sequence Boundary (SB), yakni dengan mengidentifikasi Maximum Flooding Surface (MFS) sebagai spike dengan nilai gamma ray yang tinggi. Well to well correlation ini biasanya dilakukan dengan melibatkan log-log yang lainnya seperti sonic, density, porositas, dll.
Agus Abdullah, PhD9:17 PM
Gamma ray logging
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Gamma Ray Logging)
Example gamma ray log. Blue and black lines indicate the measured gamma rays. Sand section of interest is located at bottom of log where the log moves to the left.
Gamma ray logging is a method of measuring naturally occurring gamma radiation to characterize the rock or sediment in a borehole. It is sometimes used in mineral exploration and water-well drilling, but most commonly for formation evaluation in oil and gas well drilling. Different types of rock emit different amounts and different spectra of natural gamma radiation. In particular, shales usually emit more gamma rays than other sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone, gypsum, salt, coal, dolomite, or limestone because radioactive potassium is a common component in their clay content, and because the cation exchange capacity of clay causes them to adsorb uranium and thorium. This difference in radioactivity between shales and sandstones/carbonate rocks allows the gamma tool to distinguish between shales and non-shales.
The gamma ray log, like other types of well logging, is done by lowering an instrument down the hole and recording gamma radiation at each depth. In the United States, the device most commonly records measurements at 1/2-foot intervals. Gamma radiation is usually recorded in API units, a measurement originated by the petroleum industry. Gamma logs are affected by the diameter of the borehole and the properties of the fluid filling the borehole, but because gamma logs are most often used in a qualitative way, corrections are usually not necessary.
Three elements and their decay chains are responsible for the radiation emitted by rock: potassium, thorium and uranium. Shales often contain potassium as part of their clay content, and tend to absorb uranium and thorium as well. A common gamma-ray log records the total radiation, and cannot distinguish between the radioactive elements, while a spectral gamma ray log (see below) can.
An advantage of the gamma log over some other types of well logs is that it works through the steel and cement walls of cased boreholes. Although concrete and steel absorb some of the gamma radiation, enough travels through the steel and cement to allow qualitative determinations.
Sometimes non-shales also have elevated levels of gamma radiation. Sandstone can contain uranium mineralization, potassium feldspar, clay filling, or rock fragments that cause it to have higher-than usual gamma readings. Coal and dolomite may contain absorbed uranium. Evaporite deposits may contain potassium minerals such as carnallite. When this is the case, spectral gamma ray logging can be done to identify these anomalies.
Spectral logging
The characteristic gamma ray line that is associated with each component:
- Potassium : Gamma ray energy 1.46 MeV
- Thorium series: Gamma ray energy 2.62 MeV
- Uranium-Radium series: Gamma ray energy 1.76 MeV
Use in mineral exploration
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray_logging" | chemistry |
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https://maritimemarketing.co.za/product-category/ancillaries/motan/ | 2022-06-26T23:23:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103322581.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220626222503-20220627012503-00073.warc.gz | 0.929754 | 202 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__183378445 | en | MOTAN-COLORTRONIC are a leading global manufacturer of peripheral units, systems for plastics manufacturers, processors and for the chemicals industry. Drawing on their unique expertise, covering materials handling from end to end, they develop solutions for specific, specialist applications. From injection and blow moulding, to extrusion, compounding and in-line systems through to chemical processes.
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https://news.watercloudsolutions.com/news/310638/global-organic-face-care-ingredients-market-is-estimated-to-register-cagr-of-4-85-by-2024/ | 2020-08-10T10:31:36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738674.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810102345-20200810132345-00261.warc.gz | 0.912998 | 834 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__29782236 | en | The global market for organic face care ingredients is estimated to be valued at USD 1,650.5 million, with a CAGR of 4.85% from 2019 to 2024 (forecast period). The study provides a brief overview of the COVID-19 analysis on the global organic face care ingredients market to provide the latest insight into the emerging market dynamics. The report includes estimates, review, discussion of emerging developments in the sector, market growth, market share forecasts, and key market players.
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The global market for face care has seen significant growth over the last few years. Market growth is boosted mainly by the release of new face care products, including skin-whitening creams, anti-aging creams, and many more. In addition, the rising geriatric population across the globe, along with an increasing consumer desire to look younger, is expected to increase the demand for anti-aging creams, which, in effect, will fuel the growth of face care ingredients market.
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North America contributed 32% of the global market share of organic face care ingredients in 2018. It is anticipated to see a modest growth rate during the forecast period.
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Some of the significant participants operating in the global organic face care ingredients market are Akzo Nobel N.V. (Netherlands), BASF SE (Germany), SILAB (France), Clariant AG (Switzerland), Ashland, Inc. (US), The Agrana Group (Austria), Croda International PLC (UK), Evonik Industries AG (Germany), Lubrizol Corporation (US), GatteFosse SAS (France), Galaxy Surfactants Ltd. (India), Cargill, Incorporated (US), Solvay S.A. (Belgium), Symrise AG (Germany), Lucas Meyer Cosmetics (US) | chemistry |
http://demos.wazoefu.co.tz/ | 2023-12-02T01:55:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100309.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202010506-20231202040506-00811.warc.gz | 0.934381 | 181 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__52200703 | en | Solar Nitro Chemicals Limited was incorporated on January 9th, 2008 as a limited company under the Tanzania Companies Act 2002. It serves as a subsidiary of Solar Industries India Limited (SIIL), the largest manufacturer and exporter of explosives in India. The formation of SNCL is driven by the objective of manufacturing and selling explosives and related products to meet the local mining demands in Tanzania. The establishment of Solar Nitro Chemicals Ltd. was facilitated by Solar Industries Africa Ltd. and Ortin Investment Ltd., who played a key role in setting up the business operations, including the manufacture and supply of industrial (commercial) explosives, trading in ammonium nitrate, packaged explosives, and explosives accessories.
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https://beanblahblah.goat.me/6hhp9v8n | 2020-01-26T01:44:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251684146.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200126013015-20200126043015-00269.warc.gz | 0.944217 | 681 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-05__0__37027655 | en | We've talked about the good tempered chocolate on past week. This week it's time to share the in dept explanation of the untempered chocolate by Chef Jon Hogan an experienced British chocolate maker/chocolatier who've been in the industry for a long time to share insights from his direct experience.
You may of seen or had a bar of chocolate that you left in the fridge or out in the sun and noticed it has changed, either being very crumbly /dusty and or streaky/patchy white in colour. The chocolate is still absolutely fine i.e it hasn't gone off or anything, its just in a different 'state of being'. It will taste fine but as the chocolate is in it's untempered state the cocoa butters are now separated and not coating all of the particles evenly within. Being in it's untemepred state as a consequence the melting points have changed so it will not melt evenly across your tongue therefore our taste receptors will not be able to detect the complexities of the flavor notes within the tasting profiles.
If the chocolate isn't in perfect temper and with the right crystal formed Beta 5, it will make a drastic change in formation and here we are going to explain chocolate in its two different states of being /untempepred, so called "Sugar Bloom" and "Fat Bloom".
Sugar Bloom is the migration of sugar crystals to the surface due to the chocolate being exposed to water/moisture and or cold temperatures. Due to the nature of the chocolate and being sensitive to temperatures and fluctuation if exposed to either of these, the following will take place consequentially and sequentially condensation will appear on the surface of the chocolate which causes the sugar to absorb the moisture and dissolve. When the sugar evaporates the sugar forms large crystals migration to surface leaves a glittering finishes then after a while turns very dull matt and pale at the surface.
Fat Bloom is the most common occurring bloom with a gracious pleasant to the eye displays at the surface. This is the separation of the fat crystal structure within the untempered chocolate. As we know, chocolate is made up of 6 different crystals that all form at different melting and solidifying temperature points. 'Fat Bloom' will occur if the chocolate becomes too hot exceeding the temperature of 28c it results in an irregularity of cocoa butter fat crystals being free and and un-linked from one another in its untempered state. The formation of crystals are ever changing and moving separating from one another resulting in the beautiful pieces of art that said are crafted by nature and the "theobromine god". When the chocolate is untempered but cold enough to set it will set in an un-crystallised state and form cocoa Fat Bloom at the surface. Each and every time will be completely unique!
When is in its tempered state and the beta 5 crystal has formed they all set in one line with the correct crystal growth being beta 5 crystal and crystallize together setting with a mirror like high shine and good snap.
Resulting with a delicious melt in the mouth experience with many flavor compounds and tasting notes tantalize us.
Every step in the chocolate making process is critical. It is important to keep the working environment at the correct working temperature to avoid the above Bloom defects to keep the product retaining its tempered structure and finish. | chemistry |
https://www.cnhs.org.uk/conversazione/seasonal-nathistfest-2020/small-scale-charcoal-making/ | 2023-12-01T02:40:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100264.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201021234-20231201051234-00552.warc.gz | 0.936398 | 573 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__64096565 | en | Richard Dowsett shows how charcoal can be made on a small-scale without any fancy equipment.
This exhibit shows the method I have developed to make charcoal for drawing. Any wood can be used to make charcoal but I have found willow to be the blackest; hazel gives a brownish tint and elder bluish. The smallest scale that I have found practical is a treacle tin, but sweet or biscuit tins produce a good quantity.
Select straight twigs and cut to length omitting knots and any badly bent sections. It makes life easier if the raw material is the same or similar thickness as this makes baking more consistent.
For younger children I use thicker twigs and under-bake so there is something positive to hold.
After filling the tin (you can keep different species separate by partitions of paper, which survives as wafer thin charcoal sheets) put the perforated lid on and place on an established fire with good embers. It is absolutely essential that there are enough holes in the lid to accommodate the expanding gas and for volatiles to escape without exploding the tin.
The photo below shows a tightly packed kiln with segregated charcoal sticks. Willow, ash, elder and hazel are present. Note the holes in the lid to let the expanding and combustible gases out
It is easy to underestimate the heat in the tin when cooked and in the charcoal once cooking is completed. A tin that is cool enough to handle will almost certainly have an interior hot enough to spontaneously combust the charcoal when the lid is removed. Keep a bucket of water close.
Due to the lack of oxygen the wood cannot burn but the gases will ignite once they mix with oxygen. Once this “birthday cake effect” is over and all smoke has gone, the hot tin can be lifted off the fire using tongs and dowsed until the temperature in the middle of the tin is low enough.
This stage is crucial: if there is too much residual heat, the sticks will oxidise and catch fire. The safest way is probably to submerge the whole tin under water or to swamp the charcoal sticks. The art is to use enough water to quench but such that it is evaporated to leave dry sticks. Otherwise the tin and contents can be cooked to drive off the water before setting light to them.
A blackened biscuit tin containing charcoal. Water has been added to cool it down.
The charcoal is now ready for use.
The tedious part is stacking a tin so do not underestimate the time needed. The willow can be stripped but it is not essential. Allow 45 -60 mins for the baking, dependant on the fire you are using. Do not skimp on the cooling/dowsing stage.
Keep the process safe and have fun. | chemistry |
https://furniturevilla.com.au/product/currie-sit-stand-chrome-base-drafting-office-chair/ | 2022-05-28T07:10:52 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663013003.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528062047-20220528092047-00785.warc.gz | 0.901089 | 190 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__55954259 | en | The CURRIE Sit Stand Stool with AFRDI-Certified Polished Chrome Base is made from polyurethane (PU) which is resistant to most chemicals, making it suitable for medical and laboratory settings. It features a sturdy black PU seat for a modern look. The versatility of this chair ranges from lab practitioners to students in the food and science technology space.
- Durable 5 Star Chrome Base with hard-tyred black castors
- Durable and Chemical-Resistant PU Seat
- Standard Handwheel Footring
- Adjustable seat height
- Recommended Weight Capacity: 90kg
- Overall Height: 510-650 mm
- Care Instructions: Wipe down with a clean damp cloth
- Assembly Required: Yes
- Product Warranty: 3 Years
- Note from Local Manufacturer: Some components must be imported from overseas as they cannot be manufactured here in Australia. | chemistry |
http://plumbingheating.org/example-post-2/ | 2017-09-25T11:18:07 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818691476.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925111643-20170925131643-00299.warc.gz | 0.955029 | 496 | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-39__0__24489132 | en | Are store bought drain cleaners any good?
So you’re stuck with a clogged drain:
Chemical drain cleaners are very effective in fixing a typical hair-and-grease or toilet paper clog problem and are readily available in most stores, in solid or liquid form.
Well, before you head out to the store to buy a drain cleaner, it might be wise to learn about the effects of these products before you apply them:
Toxicity and damage: Store bought drain cleaners are potentially very damaging to your plumbing system. These solutions rely on harsh chemicals in order to dissolve the obstruction. Drain cleaners contain unhealthy materials like acid, caustic and basic solvents, and often poisons such as bleach, lye, peroxides, potash and nitrates.
As a result of their chemical nature, these products are almost guaranteed to do some degree of damage to most pipes. Metal based plumbing systems can suffer because of the corrosive nature of these products, PVC pipes can be warped by the heat that is generated from the chemical reaction.
Effectiveness: Chemical drain cleaners tend to be very effective indeed. So effective (read: corrosive), that once a small area of the clog is dissolved, the rest of the solution tends to just flow past the rest of the problem area. Meaning that a large part of the obstruction is not treated and thus remains there.
Also, while drain cleaners are effective at clearing organic matter close to the drain opening, they are less useful at getting rid of solid obstructions and clogs located further down the drain pipe.
Safety risks: Drain cleaners are among the most hazardous publicly available household products. Because of their chemical nature, these products can be extremely hazardous to your health. You risk serious injuries if the solution comes into contact with your eyes, skin, lungs, and also clothing and various household materials such as wood, paint and aluminum. There is also a risk of explosion if the solution comes into contact with other chemical products that might possibly have been previously used in your pipes.
All in all, if you have a clogged drain, don’t make a beeline for the store just yet. Try to exhaust all your other options before you consider using store bought solutions. If a plunger doesn’t help, then see if you can open the drain and try cleaning it out by hand , if you have the budget, call in a professional service. | chemistry |
http://www.cosmeceuticalsinternational.com/product/anti-blemish-lotion/ | 2023-12-04T06:26:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100525.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231204052342-20231204082342-00240.warc.gz | 0.861165 | 161 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__164463649 | en | This lotion may be applied daily to “break-outs”. It is formulated with 10% Benzoyl Peroxide, 5% Sulphur, fruit acids and vitamin E to give quick, lasting results. This formula has been proven to kill the P-Acnes germ. Benefits: Visible results in just days, Penetrates deep (into the source areas), Reduces blackheads, Dries up pimples and pustules, Heals blemishes quickly, Controls excessive oil, For face, shoulders and back, Pharmaceutical grade ingredients, Natural Barbadensis Aloe Vera.
Application: Apply a small amount with a Q-tip to affected areas 1-2 times a day. Discontinue if irritation occurs. AVOID EYE AREA. | chemistry |
https://www.nowhys.com/Which-Plastic-Is-Good-For-Water-Bottles-id48973677.html | 2024-04-13T08:55:48 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816587.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413083102-20240413113102-00268.warc.gz | 0.944452 | 843 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__58272986 | en | Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-04-13 Origin: Site
In hot summer, whether it is outdoors or at home, a lightweight plastic sports water bottle is more popular with consumers. So there’s no wonder that they’re such big business in the water bottle market. Most sports water bottles are made of plastic. Compared with other materials, plastic products have the advantages of low cost and strong plasticity. Due to the strong market demand, plastic has become the second-largest material for water bottles in our factory. Plastics have different properties and are therefore also used to make different types of sports water bottles. This article will introduce the characteristics of several plastic materials commonly used in our factory in detail.
1. PP (Polypropylene)
PP is food-grade plastic, BPA-free, and FDA/LFGB tested. High impact resistance, temperature resistance up to 100°C, dishwasher and microwave oven safe. But it is restricted in some countries that ban plastic. Compared with other plastic, PP products have poor permeability, and the surface will have a matte feeling. Therefore, its price is also relatively low than others. It can be used to make sports bottles, plastic coffee tumblers, lunch boxes, injection-molded lids, accessories, etc.
Tritan is BPA-free and FDA/LFGB tested. It is the safest and healthiest plastic material at present, and it is also the designated material for baby bottles in Europe and America. It is the most used material in the BPA-free bottles exported by our company, and the price is also the most expensive among plastic materials. It is easy to process and can be processed by various methods such as injection molding, blow molding, injection stretch blowing, etc. Generally speaking, molds that can be normally produced with PC can be produced with Tritan without modification. Tritan material is widely used in various space cups, sports bottles, children’s bottles, coffee bottles, transparent accessories, etc.
Both Tritan and SK are made of high-temperature-resistant plastic with high safety. Its overall performance is close to Tritan, and its price is lower than Tritan. It is often used in low-end temperature-resistant plastic bottles. The highest standard SK material can also pass the FDA/LFGB test, with a temperature resistance of 100°C.
4. Petg (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol)
PETG is a low-temperature material. Obviously, PETG is not heat-resistant, and the heat distortion temperature is 65-70 °C. PETG has the same permeability as Tritan and is often used in sports water bottles for cold water. Due to the extrusion blow molding process, the thickness of this bottle will be relatively thin, about 0.5mm (the thickness of conventional sports bottles is about 1.2-1.5mm), so the resistance to falling is poor.
AS is a medium-grade material, and the unit price of the material is low. It has excellent light transmittance and blue background, but its impact resistance is poor and easy to scratch. And can not withstand high temperatures, the maximum temperature resistance is 80℃. AS material is often used in single/double-layer straw cups, coffee cups, cold drink cups, tea infusers, accessories, etc.
The following table lists 9 common plastic materials and compares them in terms of appearance, drop resistance, heat resistance, and safety and so on.
Conclusion: Tritan is the first choice for plastic bottles, especially children’s water bottles must be made of tritan to ensure that they have passed various American and European standards. The lids and plastic tumblers are mainly made of PP material. Moreover, the seasonal cold drink bottles are generally made of AS material, and the popular motivational gallon bottles in recent years are usually made of PETG. | chemistry |
https://www.bonefix.org/post/kth-develops-new-antibacterial-hydrogel-for-protection-against-surgical-site-infections | 2024-04-21T14:51:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817780.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421132819-20240421162819-00756.warc.gz | 0.914363 | 372 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__59390483 | en | All surgeries carry a risk of bacterial infection. These surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a serious health risk to patients as they can result in increased physiological stress, prolonged hospitalization and an increased chance of morbidity. This is why the BoneFix project will include an antibacterial hydrogel, which will be applied as a top coating over the fixation patch, to protect the patient from surgical site infections. The research team at KTH have recently completed the formulation of this hydrogel, which includes cationically charged dendritic-linear-dendritic polymers. The high concentration of cationic charges on these polymers allows them to kill bacteria by disrupting their negatively charged cell membranes. Importantly, this mode of antibacterial action does not require the use of antibiotics; therefore, the use of these polymers will not contribute to the growing threat of emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria strains.
In addition to cationic charges, the dendritic-linear-dendritic polymers contain allyl functional groups, allowing for their curing with thiol crosslinking polymers through thiol-ene coupling chemistry. The hydrogel solution is simply applied to the top of the fixation patch and cured with the same high-energy visible light emitting lamp that is used to cure the fixation patch and bone scaffold hydrogel technologies of BoneFix. The use of thiol-ene coupling chemistry to cure all three of the BoneFix domains will allow surgeons to efficiently and simply make bone restoration patches without needing to master multiple curing techniques.
The team at KTH looks forward to demonstrating the antibacterial hydrogel together with the other BoneFix domains on various bone fractures later in the project. KTH and the consortium partner Biomedical Bonding AB are also developing prototype product kits for the delivery and application of the hydrogel. | chemistry |
https://systemtek.co.uk/2017/10/philips-headphones-model-shk-2000bl00-product-recall/ | 2020-11-30T11:54:58 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141213431.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130100208-20201130130208-00627.warc.gz | 0.907778 | 130 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-50__0__45771159 | en | The plastic material of the ear cups contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including chrysene (measured value: up to 12.7 mg/kg) and benz(a)anthracene (measured value 6.7 mg/kg). These PAHs are carcinogenic. A person could be exposed if the product comes into direct and prolonged or repetitive contact with the skin.
The product does not comply with the REACH Regulation.
Measures ordered by public authorities (to: Retailer): Other
If you have these it is recommended you stop using them, and return them if possible. | chemistry |
https://www.fbg.be/106281 | 2022-05-28T22:17:34 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663021405.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528220030-20220529010030-00662.warc.gz | 0.924155 | 167 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__87688499 | en | ICL produces, supplies and inspects heat-resistant gaskets, seals and insulation material.
The core of ICL’s business activities comprises the manufacture of heat-resistant gaskets in all possible thicknesses and qualities. In many cases, Kerasil 325® plays an important role. This is a high-temperature-resistant material based on fibre paper and silicones. Apart from Kerasil 325®, other base materials are used such as safe materials, vermiculite, stainless steel foil, graphite, rubber, felt, etc.
Customers are leading companies in fields that include appliance manufacturing and the steel industry. Manufacturers of central heating boilers, heaters, gas cookers and air heating equipment form a particularly important group of buyers..
ICL is active worldwide. | chemistry |
https://teethswhitening.com/is-this-molecule-the-future-of-caries-treatment/ | 2020-02-18T01:29:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875143455.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217235417-20200218025417-00328.warc.gz | 0.877977 | 121 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-10__0__41385990 | en | Dentists have been drilling and filling for decades, but what if one molecule could end this practice for good? Scientists have created a peptide with antimicrobial and remineralizing properties to help prevent and maybe even reverse tooth decay.
Read more on DrBicuspid.com
Title: Is this molecule the future of caries treatment?
Sourced From: www.drbicuspid.com/redirect/redirect.aspx?itemid=325846&wf=33
Published Date: Fri, 31 Jan 2020 07:00:00 GMT | chemistry |
https://floridatennisnews.com/2019/02/which-protein-shake-is-the-best-whey-casein-genus-or-soy/ | 2019-10-15T15:19:23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986659097.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015131723-20191015155223-00109.warc.gz | 0.960247 | 1,439 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-43__0__66371920 | en | Protein is a necessary building block for muscle tissue. In actual fact the human muscle cell is made up for largely simple protein fragments called amino acids. Amino acids are molecules which can be arranged to make varied types of protein molecules. Protein is a generic time period that means an arrangement of those amino acids, certain together. The body could make any form of protein it needs out of amino acids, nevertheless it needs a strong pool in which to gather the necessary amino acid fragments. Proteins from the diet provide the body with these essential and non-essential amino acids, which are broken down within the stomach and then rearranged at a cellular level to create proteins needed for mobile and muscle growth.
All protein is not the same however. Each protein type has its personal amino acid make up and quality. Meaning, that completely different quantities of the 22 amino acids make up every protein type. This is necessary because the standard of the protein largely is dependent upon its amino acid make up. High quality proteins like Whey, Egg, Casein and Genus protein are perfect for the bodybuilder while different varieties similar to Soy and Collagen are largely shunned by the bodybuilding group because of their poor amino acid profile.
How much protein a bodybuilder needs relies on the quantity of activity and if the bodybuilder is taking supplements that may benefit from additional protein like the assorted “andro” products on the market. Supplements like andro will assist pace up protein synthesis which would require even more protein than typical when understanding heavily.
This of course is why individuals call “andro” the king of all supplements. Still, if andro is the king, then protein makes up the subjects. You can’t build muscle with out it. Protein is the single most necessary facet of supplementing for the bodybuilder. Choosing a high high quality protein is of the utmost significance as is getting enough protein in the diet.
Even probably the most novice bodybuilder ought to be taking in roughly 3/4 of a gram of protein per pound of body Weight Gainer. This means a median male should take in about 120g per day. Protein within the eating regimen can come from quite a lot of sources like meat, fish, eggs and beans.
Meats like, chicken, beef and pork comprise about 7-10 grams of protein per ounce. The leaner the meat, the more the protein content. Eggs comprise about 6g of protein per egg, which means you’d need to eat a 5 egg breakfast to get 30g of protein in your diet. A typical 8oz flank steak with 7g of protein will net you about 56g of protein and a 6oz chicken breast offers you 42g of protein. Consuming a food regimen like this every day will give the novice bodybuilder about 120g of protein per day.
If you’re seeking to supercharge your beneficial properties and are following a strict workout program, then it would be best to get more like one hundred seventy-190g of protein in the food plan per day. Additionally, in case you are taking a supplement like andro, which puts your body into a hyper growth state, then that magic number will be as high as 250g of protein per day to hit your peak muscle building requirements. With numbers like this, a regular weight loss program is not going to work. Most people just do not wish to eat 10 eggs for breakfast, 2 steaks at lunch and three chicken breasts for dinner. That is why they turn to protein supplements within the form of a protein shake.
Protein shakes are available a wide variety of flavors, making them a much more take pleasure inable than in years past. There are types of shakes available on the market: MRP and Protein Shakes. MRP is a “meal replacement” which accommodates fats and usually a carbohydrate source. I don’t find these to be good at all because they use awful carbohydrates like maltodextrin. Protein shakes often have less than 5g of carbohydrate per serving and anyplace from 20-25g of protein per scoop. This makes getting the almost 200g of protein per day for an advanced bodybuilder much easier. The shakes are often tasty and are far more convenient than other protein sources like meat or eggs.
There are various forms of protein in a normal shake however there are really 5 primary types of protein you’ll find bodybuilders using. They each have their advantages and disadvantages although some are better than others.
Whey protein concentrate, from milk, is probably the most extensively used protein source. It’s high in the branched chain amino acids which are essential for building muscle and probably the key factor in why whey protein is so good at building mass. Whey is the standard by which all other protein is judged. Some whey solely products can comprise an excessive amount of lactose although, making it very hard to digest and inflicting uncomfortable bloating.
Casein is one other protein from milk. The casein claim to fame is that it takes longer to digest in the stomach. This is good for a night time protein, since it’s going to feed the muscle throughout a protracted sleep. Casein has been shown to be slightly inferior to whey in its muscle building ability.
Egg protein is the usual by which all other protein is judged. Egg protein is very costly, which makes getting a hundred% pure egg protein powerful to find. It is vitally easy to digest and has a very good bio-availability but its amino acid profile isn’t as impressive as whey.
Genus protein is from the yellow pea, making it a vegetable based protein. It is far completely different from most protein sources because it is highest in Glutaine and Arginine, making it an important protein to stack with whey. Genus protein is the best to digest and has a really low fat content, making it the most effective proteins to use in a mix with whey. It tastes great and is a really high quality protein.
Soy protein will not be an entire protein and most bodybuilders keep away from it due to the estrogenic flavones in soybeans. These estrogenic hormonal agents can act like estrogen in the body. Estrogen is the female hormone and reduces muscle density and makes you fat.
Hemp protein is so lousy tasting that I can not stomach ingesting enough to know whether it is good at building muscle. If in case you have an iron gut and you do not thoughts consuming something that tastes like pond water combined with backyard soil, go for it.
The actually best protein shake I really feel is a combination of Genus protein and Whey protein. These give a a lot better digestibility factor than straight whey and in addition perfectly balance each other in amino acids that matter to the bodybuilder. Whey incorporates high amounts of branched chain amino acids and Genus protein comprises high quantities of Glutamine and Arginine. Mixing these two makes for a killer combination. | chemistry |
https://taskacarp.com/products/evolve-shurelink-100-spliceable-fluorocarbon-leader-braid | 2018-12-19T08:42:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376831715.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219065932-20181219091932-00105.warc.gz | 0.917985 | 179 | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__145358639 | en | The Evolve is a leader material, which is made by individual fluorocarbon strands that are woven together. The material has been through a revolutionary manufacturing process of braiding together single strands of fluorocarbon, making it easy to splice and giving it some truly unique properties. The process has resulted in it being incredibly supple, heavy, and highly abrasion resistant. Unlike any other braided leader material, the Evolve leader can stretch up to 25% - making it very forgiving whilst playing fish under the rod tip and reducing hook pulls. Available in Weedy Green and Camou Brown, and both 10M and 20M Spools.
Weedy Green 10 Meters - TAS1767
Weedy Green 20 Meters - TAS1725
Camou Brown 10 Meters - TAS1768
Camou Brown 20 Meters - TAS1726 | chemistry |
http://www.lacledegas.com/about/news/article/133/ | 2017-02-20T15:34:41 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170569.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00230-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 0.910976 | 377 | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__60383341 | en | Media Line: if you're a member of the media and would like to speak with us regarding a news story, please call us at 314-342-3300.
October 30, 2014
ST. LOUIS (October 30, 2014) – When setting back the clock this weekend, take the extra time to change the batteries in your carbon monoxide detector. While many detectors plug into the wall, most have a battery backup. When carbon monoxide builds in an enclosed space, the results can be life threatening. Carbon monoxide is an odorless, tasteless, invisible gas so it can be difficult to know when it is present.
“Laclede Gas responds to every call of carbon monoxide but this time of the year, we see these calls spike as customers turn on their furnaces. While properly working gas appliances are safe, your first line of defense against carbon monoxide is early detection including annual appliance inspections and working CO detectors,” said Tim Goodson, director of safety for Laclede Gas. “Change the batteries and test the detector now using the manufacturer’s instructions.”
Don’t have a CO detector? Now is the time to get one. Carbon monoxide is produced by the incomplete burning of fuel. These fuel sources are often used in the winter including furnaces, portable generators, stoves, lanterns, gas ranges, vehicles or burning charcoal or wood.
Know the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning:
If you have these symptoms, go outside to fresh air and call your local fire department immediately.
Easy Tips to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning:
For more safety tips visit, LacledeGas.com/safety.
Laclede Gas Media Line
Copyright © echo date('Y'); ?> Laclede Gas Company All rights reserved. | chemistry |
https://lifeunlocked.eu/blogs/news/unveiling-the-mystery-of-nad-the-key-to-cellular-renewal-and-longevity | 2024-04-14T03:47:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816864.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20240414033458-20240414063458-00235.warc.gz | 0.921897 | 896 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__86874191 | en | Imagine a molecule that holds the key to unlocking our bodies' remarkable ability to repair, rejuvenate, and potentially extend our lifespan. That molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a vital player in cellular processes that govern our health and well-being.
What is NAD?
NAD, a coenzyme, acts like a helper molecule for enzymes, the tiny workers that carry out countless tasks in our cells. Its name reflects its two components: nicotinamide, derived from vitamin B3, and adenine dinucleotide, a common building block in cells.
NAD's Crucial Roles in Cellular Processes
NAD plays a central role in various cellular processes that are essential for life:
- DNA Repair: NAD is a key player in repairing damaged DNA, protecting our cells from the harmful effects of free radicals and mutations that can lead to aging and disease.
- Metabolism: NAD is crucial for converting food into energy, providing the fuel our cells need for various functions.
- Cellular Communication: NAD facilitates communication between cells, ensuring they can coordinate their activities and maintain healthy functioning.
- Hormonal Regulation: NAD influences the production and function of hormones, which play a vital role in regulating our metabolism, stress response, and other bodily processes.
How NAD Levels Affect Longevity
As we age, NAD levels in our bodies naturally decline. This decline can impair cellular function, leading to an increased risk of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and heart disease.
The Impact of Fasting on NAD Levels
Fasting, a dietary practice that involves abstaining from food for a period, has been shown to have a significant impact on NAD levels. Studies have demonstrated that fasting triggers a process called autophagy, which involves the cellular recycling of damaged components. This process can lead to an increase in NAD levels, promoting cellular repair and rejuvenation.
Delving into Autophagy: The Cellular Recycling Process
Autophagy, a Greek term meaning "self-eating," is a natural cellular process that involves the breakdown and recycling of damaged or dysfunctional components within cells. This process plays a crucial role in removing cellular waste, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and promoting longevity.
During autophagy, cells engulf and digest damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and other cellular debris. This process helps to prevent the accumulation of these harmful substances, which can contribute to aging and disease. Autophagy also plays a role in cellular renewal and regeneration, allowing cells to replace damaged components and maintain their youthful vigor.
Fasting and Autophagy: A Synergistic Relationship
Fasting has been shown to induce autophagy, leading to increased NAD levels and cellular rejuvenation. During fasting, the body shifts its energy source from glucose derived from food to ketone bodies produced from stored fat. This metabolic switch stimulates the production of autophagy proteins, initiating the cellular recycling process.
Autophagy also plays a role in protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative stress, a process that generates harmful free radicals that can damage DNA and proteins. By promoting autophagy, fasting helps to counteract the effects of oxidative stress, further enhancing NAD levels and promoting cellular health.
Autophagy and Longevity: A Promising Link
The activation of autophagy through fasting and other interventions is a promising strategy for promoting longevity. By supporting cellular repair and renewal, autophagy may help to prevent age-related diseases and extend our healthy lifespan.
As research continues to explore the mechanisms of autophagy and its relationship to NAD, we may uncover more ways to harness this process to enhance our overall well-being and unlock the true potential of human longevity.
The Connection Between NAD and Longevity
The maintenance of healthy NAD levels is crucial for longevity. By enhancing NAD production, fasting may potentially extend our lifespan by protecting our cells from damage and promoting cellular regeneration.
Conclusion: NAD and the Quest for Longevity
NAD is a fascinating molecule with profound implications for our health and longevity. By understanding its role in cellular processes and exploring strategies to maintain or boost NAD levels, we may be able to unlock new avenues for maintaining youthfulness and extending our healthy lifespan. As research continues to unravel the mysteries of NAD, we may one day harness its power to live longer, healthier, and more fulfilling lives. | chemistry |
https://powerfulcleaningllc.com/protecting-the-environment-with-eco-friendly-cleaning/ | 2019-11-21T01:03:33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670643.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20191121000300-20191121024300-00113.warc.gz | 0.93707 | 458 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__125841474 | en | World over as economies grow and companies strengthen in numbers, the demand of maintaining a clean workspace too also grows. Powerful Cleaning LLC understands and is prepared to meet today’s corporate and residential cleaning demands.
With this growing demand, the production and consumption of cleaning solvents and chemicals have tripled. Manufacturers of such cleaning products restored to quicker ways of developing such cleaning products by turning to chemicals that require less preparation and procurement.
However, the scientific world soon discovered that the wastage resulting from such cleaning products is proving to be a great harm for us & our environment.
Chemicals being used to clean offices & homes were being dumped into our oceans and buried deep within our earth. Both of which lay waste to our natural resources.
Professional Cleaning LLC has taken special care and training our staff to head to warnings by the scientific community and the warnings of planet Earth. We have ensured that we use only “Green” chemicals that have been manufactured and will be disposed in a manner that will not harm our eco-system in any way.
We combine eco-friendly cleaning products, equipment, procedures & training necessary to provide our clients with a clean, healthy & productive environment.
We partner with you to create a customized green cleaning program to meet your specific cleaning requirements.
This Green Cleaning Program begs the service provider (us) consider the cleaning solutions, products & equipment used in the cleaning of your office or residential space including: paper products, vacuum cleaners, floor machines, carpet extractors, entryway mats, etc.
Our Green Cleaning Program Includes:
- Facility specific green cleaning program created specifically for your facility which ensures our staff have sufficient time and work in a systemized manner to achieve a consistently excellent clean.
- Non-toxic, biodegradable certified cleaning products to minimize the impact on human health and the environment.
- HEPA filter vacuum cleaners and floor equipment that decrease dust, lower noise emissions, energy usage, and cleaning solution waste, improving the working environment for all of your employees.
- Dedicated Recycling programs.
- Color coded microfiber cleaning products to eliminate any risk of cross infection.
- Post-Consumer recycled paper/sanitary products & Green cleaning training programs | chemistry |
https://www.gatewayoaksdental.com/for-patients/oral-health-topics/decay-prevention/ | 2024-02-21T17:05:13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947473524.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20240221170215-20240221200215-00689.warc.gz | 0.945118 | 296 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__159642381 | en | You can take steps to prevent tooth decay. One great way to prevent tooth decay is to receive topical fluoride treatments to help strengthen your teeth. Fluoride treatments can be administered during normal visits to Gateway Oaks Dental. This fluoride treatment is quick and painless, taking just a few minutes. There is minimal inconvenience, and the fluoride treatment is comfortable and easy. Professional fluoride is available in the form of a gel, foam, or varnish.
Your drinking water supply may also contain fluoride that promotes healthy teeth, and many foods contain fluoride as well. Your dentist can help determine the level of fluoride in your drinking water, and we can supply fluoride supplements if necessary. Our dentists also recommend that you use fluoridated toothpaste for extra protection.
Fluoride is a naturally found mineral that helps to protect your teeth from decay by rebuilding and remineralizing the enamel layer of the tooth as it is attacked and broken down throughout the day by acids, bacteria, sugars, and foods. By maintaining a good supply of fluoride in your diet, water intake, and toothpaste, you can help to prevent cavities and tooth decay. You can also receive fluoride through mouthwashes and other supplements.
For more information on the benefits of fluoride in Sacramento, California, and to learn how you can prevent decay, we invite you to contact us today at 916-649-0249 and schedule an appointment with Dr. Hoang Truong. | chemistry |
https://www.zipwall.com/engineering360-ieee-the-importance-of-containment-in-soda-blasting/ | 2023-09-30T12:02:05 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510676.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930113949-20230930143949-00087.warc.gz | 0.926924 | 354 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__80887092 | en | Engineering360 – IEEE – The Importance of Containment in Soda Blasting Jun 2018
IEEE Global Specs mentions ZipWall® barriers as a type of containment enclosures for portable blasting. Excerpts:
“Abrasive blasting is a widely used method for removing surface contaminants, encompassing a variety of abrasive blast media — from highly abrasive (e.g., garnet) to moderately abrasive (e.g., crushed glass) to mildly abrasive (e.g., baking soda). Because all types of blasting involve forcibly propelling media under high pressure against whatever surface (substrate) is being cleaned, all types of blasting create some level of airborne particulate dust — and, as a result, the need for some level of containment during the blasting process.”
“The most important consideration with regard to particulate dust is its level of toxicity, which depends upon three interdependent factors: the substrate being blasted, the contaminants being removed and the type of blast media used. Substrates such as concrete and sandstone masonry, for instance, are partially comprised of toxic materials; the more abrasive the blast media, the more toxic substrate is forced into the air in the form of dust during blasting. The same holds true for the toxic contaminants being removed, such as paint chips and many types of coatings.”
“Portable blasting: Portable blasting is made possible by a piece of equipment known as a blast pot … enclosures such as vinyl tarps, heat-shrinkable plastic sheets, reusable fabric ZipWall® products and others can be built around the work area to provide containment.”
Read the full article on insights.globalspec.com. | chemistry |
https://woodenhillcoffee.co.uk/product/swiss-water-decaf-filter-mexico/ | 2024-04-13T22:40:53 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816853.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413211215-20240414001215-00135.warc.gz | 0.922822 | 324 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__189982332 | en | Swiss Water Decaf Filter MEXICO
£7.75 – £27.00
A Chemical free decaf coffee from Mexico…
Grown in the Pluma Hidalgo sub-region, home to it’s own variety, Pluma.
Pluma farming has shifted primarily into the hands of smallholders who provide the care and attention these plants have needed out of sheer necessity of their own farms survival. With their perseverance has come great reward: beautiful, high-grown coffees with dynamic and captivating flavour profiles.
Region: Costa and Sierra Sur
Altitude: 1500-2200 MASL
Process: Tradition pulping and washing
Caffeine Removal: Swiss Water Process
Tasting Notes: Caramel, Dark Chocolate, Guava, Marzipan
To prepare the beans for caffeine removal, they are cleaned and hydrated with pure, local water, the beans are then introduced to an internally developed Green Coffee Extract (GCE), and caffeine removal begins. Caffeine ventures out on its own, away from the coffee beans into the GCE until the ratio of soluble compounds in the GCE to the compounds in the coffee reach the point of equilibrium. Caffeine and GCE flow continuously through carbon filters until all the caffeine is trapped and separated from the GCE, which is refreshed so that it can be used again and again to remove more caffeine. The process is monitored for around 10 hours and caffeine levels checked as well as time, and gauge temperature controls, until the coffee is 99.9% caffeine free. | chemistry |
http://steroidsofficial.com/anvarol/ | 2018-01-18T15:30:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887423.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118151122-20180118171122-00545.warc.gz | 0.924017 | 3,091 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__48123802 | en | Anvarol over Anavar!
Anavar also known as Oxandrolone hormone is one of the most popular oral anabolic steroid with significant benefits in therapeutic aspect, performance enhancement and body fat cutting. Anavar is essentially a dihydrotestosterone hormone that has been structurally altered. Similar to every other anabolic steroid Anavar poses various threats to your body, including, Androgenic, cardiovascular, Testosterone and hepatoxic threats.
Due to these threats posed by Anavar to your health, like other anabolic steroids FDA has issued a ban on direct usage of Anavar.
Anvarol by Crazybulk, on the other hand uses a very fine blend of 100% natural ingredients to duplicate the benefits of Anavar without leaving you with any sorts of health risk. Anvarol retains all benefits in terms of therapeutic usage, performance enhancement and body fat cutting. The completely natural and herbal ingredients used in Anvarol makes it absolutely side effects free and certainly legal. Anvarol is manufactured in FDA approved facilities, making it free from any sorts of ban and readily available without any prescription.
The reasons why you should avoid Anavar needs to be brought into focus before any further discussion. It is only when you have known the damages of Anavar, will you be able to appreciate and value the existence of Anvarol.
Adverse Side Effects:
Cardiovascular: Cardiovascular troubles are the most prominent and disturbing side effects of extensive Anavar usage. Anavar critically tampers with the cholesterol levels of your body. Oxandrolone hormone reduces HDL cholesterol levels and increases LDL cholesterol levels by almost 50% and 30% respectively, leaving you at the risk of heart diseases, high blood pressure and heart attacks.
Hepatoxicity: Anavar is very difficult on your liver. A potential toxic threat is what it is. Extensive usage of Anavar will significantly increase your liver enzyme values. Liver damage is a very common issue that comes alongwith the administration of Anavar into your body.
Issues encompassing Testosterone levels: Anavar will suppress the natural production of testosterone in your body. Though the steroid provides free testosterone on its own, still a reduced levels of testosterone production will bring about certain difficulties, including shrinkage of testicles, loss of libido, loss of bone density, fatigue, decreased sperm count and erectile dysfunction.
Less severe side effects:
- Loss of hair
- Virilization in women
- Kidney damage
- Behavioral changes and anger issues
- Body swelling
- Skin problems
Anvarol: A potent and natural alternative to Anavar
For long you have been tempted by the finely defined vascularity, a lean cut physique with a hard and enduring muscular look and a punch of strength to spearhead your workout sessions with ease. But never have you been able to achieve any of it. Well could but you had to use anabolic steroids for it, and you have always been wary of the threats posed by these anabolic steroids.
Well friend, your wait is at its end, because now you have the option to Anvarol, all you have to do, is simply choose it. Anvarol is in line to Crazybulk's series of natural mimic steroid supplements. Anvarol like other products by crazybulk finely mimics the effects of Anavar ( it's no coincidence that the product spells so similar to Anavar) minus the side effects, to present you with a safer alternative.
Anvarol packs in several benefits into a single capsule by using a fine blend of 100% natural ingredients. Each ingredient strives to replicate a particular benefit of Anavar. Potent and natural attributes of these ingredients make them astonishingly free of side effects. You simply get the best, minus the worst of Anavar.
These natural ingredients used are generally herbal ingredients or common medicinal ingredients which have plenty of other beneficial traits as well. Hence, Anvarol and other products by Crazybulk not only mimics the benefits of their counterpart anabolic steroids but also promote a general well being of your body and mind.
Side effects are a question afar. Anvarol and the other products by crazybulk will not only deliver you bodybuilding benefits but heal your body at rudimentary levels.
Anvarol retains the impact and effectiveness
Using natural ingredients doesn't make Anvarol any less impressive. As far as bodybuilding benefits are concerned they are still every bit powerful and effective.
Anvarol is a champion supplement for cutting, it also works pretty well for strength packing and performance enhancing and decent in off-season bulking. Anvarol with its benefits is every bit effective to its anabolic counterpart Anavar.
Anvarol promotes a speedy fat burning by not just enhanced metabolism but by promoting direct lipolysis . It increases RBC count to conjure a speedy recovery and muscle durability, it yields a higher level of free testosterone in your body to simulate an anabolic atmosphere where the benefits of other supplements will be enhanced as well.
The therapeutic advantages of Anvarol are truly noteworthy, it increases bone density to structure healthy and strong bones and aid relief to joint pains. Anvarol will trigger growth hormone in general.
Though muscle gaining and bulking effects are not very significant but as it mimics an anabolic steroid it has the basic trait of nitrogen retention which will promote an efficient growth of muscle mass and speedy recovery. Though the effects won't be as fast and steep as few other crazybulk bulking supplements, but will gain more with it than without it.
The muscle gained is mainly lean muscle tissue, and suppression of glucocorticoid hormones will avoid muscle wasting as well. Hence the muscle gained with Anvarol is very slow gain but a quality gain and long lasting.
Anvarol will improve your cardiovascular endurance as well which is a huge bonus when it comes to performance enhancement and hence will be enjoyed by many athletes. Anvarol will have a significant punch to your strength gain, rate of recovery and muscle endurance
- Premium cutting, superior strength and enhanced performance
- Abundance power and strength
- Cremate internal and under the skin Fat
- Safeguard lean muscle tissues while cutting
- Rich with muscle hardness and density
- Greater bone density
- Improved cardiovascular health
- Upgraded vascularity
- Safe and Legal
- 100% natural ingredients
- No side effects
- No needles
- No prescription required
- Buy 2 and Get 1 free
- Fast results within 30 days
- Free world wide delivery
|Ingredients||Substance||Benefits||Other notable applications|
|Soy Protein Isolate||An isolated protein form of soybeans. It is the complete protein rich in essential amino acids||Promotes muscle growth and repair. Improved overall muscle health.||Improves bone health, Reduces the risk of bone cancer, Increases nutrient efficiency, Keeps cholesterol levels in check, Reduces risk of colon, breast and prostate cancer, Reduces risk of osteoporosis, speedy muscle recovery, Reduces muscle inflammation,|
|Whey Protein Concentrate||A byproduct of cheese production||Muscle tissue growth, repair and maintenance.||Energy and strength boost.|
|BCAA||Branched Chain Amino Acids.||Increase protein synthesis, Promote fat loss,||Hormone balance during intense training, Strength building, Increased endurance and decreased fatigue, Reduce chances of diabetes, Increase longevity of muscles, Treat liver disorders.|
|Wild Yam Root||
A plant originally grown in North and Central America and commonly known as "Yam" and "colic Root" is the forefather of DHEA.
|Increases production of testosterone and estrogen. A higer rate of testosterone productions lubricates your muscle building efforts and nurtures an efficient fat burning.||It was used as a medicinal herb by the Mayans and Aztecs. Is very effective in relieving spasm of involuntary muscles. Also effective in cases of Osteoporosis, Menstrual pains, Rheumatoid arthritis.|
|ATP||Adenosine Triphosphate known as the energy currency of the cell. The storehouse of energy. ATP in human biology is root level of energy production. This is a molecule which stores and utilizes energy at the very rudimentary level of your being.||An energy reservoir for your body.||Will help to reduce fatigue|
The ingredients are so beautifully handpicked that they not only excel in replicating the benefits of Anavar without its side effects but also improves you general health by safeguarding many other aspects of your body.
For an instance Anavar has a very severe effect on cholesterol levels, putting you in the high blood pressure zone. Anvarol on the other hand not only eliminates this side effects but with the inclusion of Soy Protein Isolate as one of its ingredient helps to balance your cholesterol levels and keep your blood pressure within normal limits.
Further, Hepatoxic Anavar is a threat to your liver. Anvarol however with its natural ingredients is smooth and easy on your liver. Anvarol is not only liver-friendly but also with essential BCAAs acting as its active ingredients, it will improve your liver health and treat a wide range of liver disorders.
A Therapeutic Agent: It is very beneficial in post surgery and post disease treatment weight gain. Anvarol will increase your bone density and pose relief to joint pains and treat corticosteroids and osteoporosis. Anvarol pulls up the level of growth hormone promoting your general health. Being a therapeutic brilliance Anvarol can treat a plenty of other health disorders like, hepatitis, Chronic fatigue syndrome, colon, breast and prostate cancer, muscle inflammation, diabetes, liver disorders, Rheumatoid arthritis and Menstrual cramps.
Superior Fat burner: Each ingredient of Anvarol adds a fat burning effect to the capsule, creating a direct lipolysis like effect. Anvarol will also reduce thyroid-binding globulin, as well as increase thyroxine-binding prealbumin to further enhance this benefit.
Increased nitrogen retention: A huge chunk of your muscle mass contains nitrogen, hence retaining greater deal of nitrogen will keep you more anabolic like, preserve the quality of your muscle for a greater duration and trigger a fast recovery of your muscle tissues.
No aromatization: Aromatizing has a very deadly effect on muscles. Muscle loss through burning of muscle by aromatization is often a huge issue with other anabolic steroids. Anvarol on the other had cuts short on aromatization, leading to longer perseverance of muscles through a completely toned down level of muscle burning.
Increased protein synthesis: A better protein synthesis means an effective breaking down of proteins into its simpler forms, resulting into a speedy muscle growth, muscle gain and muscle recovery.
High metabolism rate: This will help you burn your fat more effectively. Your stored fat gets burned down into energy, consequently you get leaner muscles by burning down of fat and an energy boost for a heavy weight training through conversion of fat to energy. A high metabolism rate also allows you to maintain a high calorie diet, whilst maintaining a constant gain yet low fat levels.
Increased R.B.C count: With a larger count of oxygen in your blood, your blood vessels will be running with oxygen rich blood 24 / 7. Blood vessels running through your muscles carrying oxygen rich blood will keep your muscles well nourished and make them stronger. This will help you sustain an intense workout session and render you considerable less fatigued post workout. A higher count of RBC will increase the oxidation rate in your blood as well, which will mean an energy power up.
Greater Bone density: Strong and healthy bones are the essentials to a strong and healthy body. Dense and enduring bones will help you power lift and sustain a rigorous workout regime. Finally your bone structure determines the shape of your physique, it is one these bones that muscles grow to add the final touch to your physique. A scrawny bones structure will never hold up to deliver a physique that will be considered aesthetically perfect. Hence a well maintained bone structure will deliver you with the physique that every bodybuilder aspires to have.
Reduced water retention: This is another issue with many other anabolic steroids. Anvarol reduces water retention to prevent you from bloating. excessive water retention adds false weight to your body. Water retention gives you a bulking which is not by healthy muscle tissue growth but by unnatural bloating. Hence, the purity of your mass gain remains high with a reduced water retention.
A controlled production of glucocorticoid hormones: : The hormones have an affinity to promote fat gain and destroy muscles. These hormones are also known as stress hormones, as they promote a mental well-being; consequent to which the production of these hormones remain to be a must for your body. Anvarol however, keeps a control on the production of these hormones, by never allowing an abundant production. This particular trait of Anvarol is very beneficial during the bulking phase, as you will be allowed to have a high calorie diet without the fear of fat gain and muscle burn. This trait of Anvarol compliments the trait of high metabolism very effectively.
A performance enhancer: With its therapeutic benefits, increased RBC count, a superior nitrogen retention and high levels of free testosterone will provide you strong and enduring muscles, high strength and stamina and accelerated energy. Anvarol your upgrade the quality of your performance.
Cost effective: Comes at only $54.99 per bottle, that will last you a month. And for every 2nd product the 3rd one being absolutely free. Anvarol is extremely cost efficient and way cheaper to its anabolic counterpart Anavar.
Easy to use: No injection, No needles. Crazybulk has packed in the benefits of Anavar into optimum simplicity - A singular capsule!
Safe and natural: With 100% natural ingredients Anvarol is completely safe and renders you with no side effects whatsoever.
Legal and No prescriptions required: Anvarol has all natural ingredients and no banned ingredients. Hence, it is totally legal and is readily available to you even without prescriptions.
Free worldwide Delivery
Rapid results within 30 days
How to Use
- 3 capsules Per day
- 30 capsules per bottle
- 3 capsules with water approx. 15 minutes after your workout
- Use minimum for 2 months, further extend with 1.5 weeks off.
Anvarol the champion legal supplement for mass cutting and fat burning with the added therapeutic and performance enhancement benefits Completely Safe & Natural. 100% legal.
No needles. No prescription. Free worldwide delivery. Buy 2 and get 1 free!
@ only $54.99
Completely Safe & Natural. 100% legal. No needles. No prescription. Free worldwide delivery. Buy 2 and get 1 free! | chemistry |
https://www.diversityinsteam.com/2019/09/mexican-scientist-biodegradable-straw-cactus/ | 2019-11-14T17:00:26 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668529.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20191114154802-20191114182802-00037.warc.gz | 0.953178 | 455 | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-47__0__100537335 | en | Researchers from the University of Valle de Atemajac in Zapopan, Mexico have created a biodegradable plastic from the juice of the prickly pear cactus.
The new material begins to break down after sitting in the soil for a month and when left in water, it breaks down in a matter of days. Plus, it doesn’t require crude oil like traditional plastics.
“There were some publications that spoke of different materials with which biodegradable plastics could be made, including some plants,” Sandra Pascoe Ortiz, the research professor who developed the material, told Forbes.
“In this case the nopal cactus has certain chemical characteristics with which I thought it could be feasible to obtain a polymer, that if it was combined with some other substances, all of them natural, a non-toxic biodegradable plastic would be obtained. The process is a mixture of compounds whose base is the nopal. It’s totally non-toxic, all the materials we use could be ingested both by animals or humans and they wouldn’t cause any harm.”
This means that even if any of this material made its way into the ocean, it will safely dissolve. It’s estimated that between 1.15 million to 2.41 million tonnes of plastic are entering the ocean each year from rivers. Last month, divers found a plastic KFC bag from the 1970s during an ocean clean-up off the waters off Bulcock Beach in Queensland, Australia and earlier this year, during a dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench – the deepest point in the ocean – a plastic bag was found.
According to Ortiz, the project was born in a science Fair of the Department of Exact Sciences and Engineering, in the chemistry class with industrial engineering students of the career. They began to make some attempts to obtain a plastic using cactus as raw material.
“From that I decided to start a research project in a formal way. Currently in the project collaborate researchers from the University of Guadalajara in conjunction with the University of Valle de Atemajac.”
Continue on to Forbes to read the complete article. | chemistry |
https://www.bjpcn.com/browse/have-you-heard/item/2224-nitric-oxide-system-shows-promise-in-healing-diabetic-foot-ulcers.html | 2021-09-26T01:34:24 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057787.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925232725-20210926022725-00426.warc.gz | 0.912407 | 673 | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__210022183 | en | Nitric oxide system shows promise in healing diabetic foot ulcers
A new wound care system using nitric oxide has been shown to heal diabetic foot ulcers faster and more effectively than standard care in UK treatment centres.
The principal investigator of the study Professor Michael Edmonds (King College Hospital, London) said, “Diabetic foot ulcers are notoriously hard to heal, and are the leading cause of diabetes-related amputations in the UK. Our findings provide an essential step forward in developing solutions for the effective management of these chronic wounds.”
The role of nitric oxide in ulcer healing involves three recognised elements:
- Vascular – nitric oxide influences the widening of blood vessels (vasodilatation) and stimulates the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis)
- Inflammatory – nitric oxide influences the body’s immune response
- Antimicrobial – nitric oxide demonstrates potent, broad spectrum antimicrobial activity
The new system EDX110 (Edixomed) provides a protective and cushioning layer that absorbs fluid while providing a moist environment and generating nitric oxide. EDX110 core technology provides sustained-release nitric oxide that can be delivered as a dressing, liquid, gel or inhaled spray, which has potential application in a variety of conditions and public health challenges, such as antimicrobial resistance.
Results from the pivotal clinical study, conducted in major UK treatment centres on 148 diabetic foot ulcers, showed that in 12 weeks, EDX110 reduced ulcer size by almost double the amount standard-of-care achieved (89% vs 47%). The new treatment also increased the number of completely healed ulcers by more than 50% (49% vs 30%), nearly doubled the complete healing of infected ulcers (45% vs 23%) and significantly reduced hospitalisations and serious adverse events related to the ulcer, compared with standard-of-care at 12 weeks. EDX110 is not yet an approved product.
The discovery that nitric oxide gas could play such an important role in the human body led to three scientists being awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1998. The pioneering work demonstrated that the normal function of nitric oxide is to control blood flow in the small vessels in the skin and prevent the skin from being infected with dangerous organisms. Nitric oxide is also generated whenever the skin is injured or damaged and plays a crucial part in the normal skin healing process. However, in certain conditions, such as diabetes, the normal production of nitric oxide can be put at risk. The result is a chronic, poorly healing wound that is prone to infection. Replenishing the missing nitric oxide in such a way as to mimic the skin’s natural production has been a huge challenge to researchers.
Edmonds M et al. Multicenter, randomized controlled, observer‐blinded study of a nitric oxide generating treatment in foot ulcers of patients with diabetes – ProNOx1 study. Wound Repair and Regeneration 2018. doi:10.1111/wrr.12630.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29617058
Edixomed website and ProNox1 study https://www.edixomed.com/pronox1-study-2/ | chemistry |
https://micforg.co.jp/en/ref_rohse.html | 2023-12-07T05:05:47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100632.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207022257-20231207052257-00766.warc.gz | 0.909232 | 516 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__223080403 | en | The European Parliament has approved the Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Directive (2011/65/EC). This Directive limits the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronics products sold in Europe after 08 June 2011. The RoHS Directive states that the targeted materials shall no longer be contained in electronic products above certain limits unless there is an exemption provided in the rule.
Alpha hereby declares that all standard products which will be shipped from 18 Nov. 2016 are RoHS compliant based on the current Directive 2015/863/EU of 31 March 2015. Alpha will disclose all environmental information related to our products and provide our continuing customer support regarding this issue.
From the following link, you can download the certificate of compliance.
According to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH), Alpha will make every effort to monitor the latest list of SVHC candidates from the ECHA and update our database accordingly based on the information available from our materials suppliers/vendors.
From the following link, you can download the Reach SVHC Declaration that confirm the product(s) do(es) not contain the Reach SVHC substances in a concentration above 0.1% by weight.
Proposition 65 is a California law officially known as the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act, approved by California voters in 1986. The purpose of Proposition 65 warning is to ensure that people are informed about exposure to such chemicals by the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or the other reproductive harm.
ALPHA reviews our suppliers’ certifications, content declarations, and confidentially disclosed chemicals and materials information. Based on foregoing information, ALPHA has determined to the best of its knowledge and belief that certain ALPHA products, HEAT SINK AND RELATED SUB-COMPONENTS, may contain one or more of chemicals on the Prop 65 List.
ALPHA products, HEAT SINK AND RELATED SUB-COMPONENTS, should be used within chassis that normally people do not reach. ALPHA products are not intended to cause user exposure to any contained substances, nor are they intended to be released or discharged during normal product use.
To our knowledge, ALPHA products are within the “no significant risk” range, and not harmful when normally used. As a result, ALPHA has opted to provide a general warning of known chemical presence. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us.
© 2007-2022 Alpha Novatech, Inc. | chemistry |
https://fresholi-bites.blogspot.com/2009/02/floral-wax.html | 2022-10-06T17:31:43 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337853.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20221006155805-20221006185805-00665.warc.gz | 0.92943 | 689 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__156494309 | en | With their divine rich, deep aromas, floral waxes are an indulgent ingredient to add to soaps, lotions, creams, massage bars, solid perfumes, candles and anything else you can think of where aromatic depth & longevity is desired.
A floral wax is a product of the production of absolutes and while their scent is much softer than the absolute, they have wonderfully well rounded aromas that tend to linger. By adding up to 10% to your products will create new aromatic elements and fusions of some of the richest and most exotic scents at a fraction of the cost of the absolute. Not only will these beautiful waxes add scent but they also lend a subtle degree of hardness to the products they are added
The Following Floral Waxes Are Now In Stock At Fresholi...
Jasmine Grandaflorum Wax: A soft, mid-brown wax with a melting point of around 50-60 degrees C. Jasmine is one of the most prized perfumers ingredients, the grandiflorum is often favoured due to its round aroma. It has a rich, deeply sweet, floral aroma with undertones that are rather tea like. It has a great tenacity in blends and blends well with just about everything.
Rose Wax: A medium hard wax with a yellow/green colour. It has a melting point of around 60 degrees C. Like jasmine, rose is an important perfume component and this intensely sweet, rich, floral aroma has distinctive rose characteristics.
Orange Flower Wax: (Neroli) A medium hard, brown wax with a that has a fresh top note with warm, sweet floral undertones. A delicate yet rich aroma that would add depth to fragrance blends.
I found a really simple way of making use of the exotic aromas of floral (or fruit peel) waxes, at a fraction of the cost if you were to use the absolute. This makes a great stand alone after bath/shower oil or for really dry skin (gorgeous aroma)
44% Apricot kernel oil
6% Floral wax of choice (I used rose)
- Add the jojoba and the apricot oil to a dark glass bottle (I used an amber glass bottle)
- Place in a saucepan of boiling hot water (I turned the heat on low)
- When the oils are nice and hot, add in the floral wax and put the lid on the bottle
- Place back in the hot water for a minute then take out the bottle and shake
- Continue to do this heat/shake until all of the wax has completely melted
- Then it is good to go!
You could change the ratio of the floral wax to a much higher % and you can use different oils if you like then use this fragrant oil to add to creams after they have been emulsified and cooled (just make sure that whatever % you intend to add in at the end - usually a max of 10% - you deduct this from your oil phase. Also, if you are adding in essential oils, please ensure you account for the essentail oils present in the wax (that is roughly just less than half the total weight of the wax).
Floral Waxes now available from www.fresholi.com | chemistry |
https://reactor.reed.edu/about.html | 2022-08-16T00:06:35 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00645.warc.gz | 0.92075 | 1,840 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-33__0__134140925 | en | About the Reactor
The Reed Research Reactor was established in 1968 and is the only reactor operated primarily by undergraduates. At any given time, there are approximately 40 students licensed to operate the Reed reactor. In addition to operating the reactor, many students serve as senior staff and in supervisory positions.
Much of the work performed at the Reed reactor is in collaboration with external research groups. We are certified by the State of Oregon to perform radiation meter calibrations.
See our reactor FAQ for more information.
Uses and Facilities
- Reactor Uses
- Reactor Irradiation Facilities
- Neutron Activation Analysis
The Reed College Reactor Facility has been used for research and educational projects in the Portland area since its establishment in 1968. These programs have been an important part of the educational picture of the region.
The Reed College Reactor is a TRIGA Mark I reactor at the bottom of a 25-foot-deep tank. It uses zirconium hydride/uranium hydride fuel elements in a circular grid array. The uranium fuel is enriched to 20 percent uranium-235. The reactor is surrounded by a graphite ring which minimizes neutron leakage by reflecting neutrons back into the core.
The reactor can operate at any power up to the license ceiling of 250 kW. This makes it possible to provide a defined neutron flux as required for some experiments. The power level is usually maintained for periods ranging from a few minutes up to eight hours. Continued or repeated operation over several days is possible for longer irradiations.
The Reed Reactor Facility is primarily used for instruction, research, and analysis, especially trace-element analysis. Since the initial startup, the reactor, in addition to providing student research opportunities, has worked to educate the surrounding community on the principles of nuclear engineering and energy.
The reactor and associated facilities are used to some extent in chemistry and physics courses, but they are mostly used for research projects. The reactor is operated almost entirely by undergraduate students who are licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This allows them to conduct their own research and to be hired by the facility to conduct irradiations for educational organizations, private research organizations, and for industrial applications. A one year non-credit seminar is open to all interested students to prepare them for the licensing examination. Students and faculty from other institutions are also welcome to attend the seminar.
The facility provides tours and labs for middle school, high school and college classes as well as other special groups in the Portland area. The facility is also available to advanced classes and other special programs such as the Talented And Gifted (TAG) student program of the Portland Public Schools and the Mathematics, Engineering and Science Achievement (MESA) program which provides special experiences for minorities and disadvantaged middle and high school students.
Research at the Reed Reactor has centered around quantitative neutron activation analysis for trace-element concentrations using a multi-channel analyzer and an intrinsic germanium gamma-ray spectrometer. A major research area for students using the reactor is the determination of trace-element concentrations in biological and environmental samples. More examples are included in the section on neutron activation analysis.
The reactor facility is available as a neutron source for industrial applications. The most frequent use in the past has been for quality control and purity testing in manufacturing and electronics industries, and for environmental monitoring of industrial effluents.
PNEUMATIC TRANSFER SYSTEM
The pneumatic transfer system consists of an irradiation chamber in the outer ring of the core. Samples are loaded into a terminus in the radiochemistry lab, and then transferred to the in-core irradiation position using differential air pressure. After a predetermined amount of time, the sample is transferred back to the receiving terminus, where it can be retrieved for analysis. The transfer time from the core to the terminal is about seven seconds, making this method of irradiating samples particularly useful for experiments involving radioisotopes with short half-lives. The flux in the core terminal is approximately 5 x 1012 n/cm2·s when the reactor is at full power.
ROTATING SPECIMEN RACK FACILITY
The rotating specimen rack ("lazy susan") is located in between the reactor core and the graphite reflector which surrounds the core. The rack consists of a circular array of 40 tubular receptacles. Each receptacle can accommodate two TRIGA-type irradiation tubes, so that up to 40 separate samples may be irradiated at any one time. Vials holding 1.5 ml to 8 ml are routinely used in this system. Depending upon its geometry, larger samples could be irradiated by joining two vials. Samples are loaded in the specimen rack prior to the startup of the reactor and removed after shut down. The rack automatically rotates during irradiation to ensure each sample receives the same neutron flux. The average thermal neutron flux in the rotating rack position is approximately 1.7 x 1012 n/cm2·s with a cadmium ratio of 6.0 at full power.
The specimen rack can also be used for shut down irradiation in order to minimize neutron dose. The shutdown gamma flux in the specimen rack is approximately 3 R/min.
The central thimble, which is a water-filled irradiation chamber about 3 cm in diameter, provides the highest available neutron flux, about 1 x 1013 n/cm2·s. However, it holds only one specially positioned irradiation container containing a cavity 7.5 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter. The chamber fits into a fuel-element position within the core itself. Use of the chamber as an irradiation facility necessitates special arrangements.
Flux Foil Insertion Holes
Foil-insertion holes, 0.798 cm in diameter, are drilled at various positions through the grid plates. These holes allow inserting special holders containing flux wires into the core to obtain neutron flux maps of the core.
Near core in-pool irradiation facilities can be arranged for larger samples if required by the experimenter. Neutron fluxes will be lower than in the lazy susan and will depend on the sample location.
|Rotary specimen rack||2 x 1012|
|Pneumatic transfer system||5 x 1012|
|Central thimble||1 x 1013|
|In-core||2 x 1013|
|In-pool||<1 x 1012|
NUCLEAR SCIENCE LABORATORY
In addition to the reactor itself, the radiochemistry laboratory is available for experiments involving radioactive materials. Equipment can measure simple and complex half-lives by both periodic counting and multi-scaling, verify the inverse square law, and measure the attenuation of radiation in shielding materials. Equipment for more complex measurements using sodium iodide crystals, intrinsic germanium gamma spectrometry, beta spectrometry, and alpha spectrometry can be performed. Sample preparation facilities are also available.
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a very important tool for trace element detection. NAA yields abundance data for many elements by measuring the characteristic gamma-ray energies of radioactive nuclides. It can be performed as a non-destructive examination. NAA can achieve sensitivity several orders of magnitude greater than other commonly used analytical methods, down to tenths of a part per billion for many elements. The sample may be in any form: solid, liquid, or gas.
The principle of NAA consists of irradiating a sample with neutrons in a nuclear reactor thereby producing specific radionuclides. After the irradiation, the characteristic gamma rays emitted by the radionuclides are quantitatively measured by suitable radiation detectors yielding a gamma-ray spectrum. The number of detected gamma rays of a particular energy is directly proportional to the disintegration rate of the specific radionuclide, which in turn is directly proportional to the amount of its parent isotope in the sample. Data reduction of gamma-ray spectra by means of a computer yields the concentrations of the parent elements in the samples. Accuracies for quantitative measurements of trace and rare elements are generally in the range of ±1 to 10 percent depending on the concentration of the particular trace element and the background from other radioactivities induced in the sample.
NAA has been used at the Reed Reactor Facility in the fields of geology (rock sample analysis), anthropology (tracing trade routes by elemental fingerprinting of sources), medicine (detection of selenium concentrations in the internal organs of rats), archeology (age dating), chemistry (identification of contaminants), biology (trace element analysis), forensics (matching powder to guns), computers (silicon wafer analysis), and environmental science (testing for elements in factory air filters). | chemistry |
https://thevalleyvoice.org/webb-telescope-captures-carbon-dioxide-on-exoplanet/ | 2022-09-25T07:37:42 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334515.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220925070216-20220925100216-00157.warc.gz | 0.931958 | 760 | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-40__0__48822403 | en | “Carbon dioxide molecules are sensitive traces of the story of planet formation,” Mike Line, an associate professor in Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration, said in the press release. Line is a member of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science team, which conducted the study.
The team did the carbon dioxide observation using the telescope’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph — one of Webb’s four scientific instruments — to observe WASP-39b’s atmosphere. Their research is part of the Early Release Science Program, an initiative designed to provide data from the telescope to the exoplanet research community as quickly as possible, guiding further scientific research and discovery.
The latter finding has been accepted for publication in the journal Nature.
“By measuring this carbon dioxide feature, we can determine how much solid versus how much gaseous material was used to form this gas giant planet,” Line added. “Over the next decade, JWST will take this measurement for a variety of planets, providing insight into the details of how planets form and the uniqueness of our own solar system.”
A new era in exoplanet research
In the captured spectrum of the planet’s atmosphere, the researchers saw a small mound between 4.1 and 4.6 microns — a “clear signal of carbon dioxide,” said team leader Natalie Batalha, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California. in Santa Cruz, in the release. (A micron is a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter.)
“Depending on the atmosphere’s composition, thickness and cloudiness, it absorbs some colors of light more than others — making the planet appear larger,” said team member Munazza Alam, a postdoctoral researcher in the Earth & Planets Laboratory at the Carnegie Institution for Science. “We can analyze these tiny differences in the size of the planet to reveal the chemical composition of the atmosphere.”
Accessing this part of the light spectrum — which the Webb telescope makes possible — is crucial for measuring the abundance of gases such as methane and water, as well as carbon dioxide, which are believed to exist in many exoplanets, according to NASA. Because individual gases absorb different combinations of colors, researchers can “examine small differences in the brightness of transmitted light across a spectrum of wavelengths to determine exactly what makes up an atmosphere,” according to NASA.
Previously, NASA’s Hubble and Spitzer telescopes detected water vapor, sodium and potassium in the planet’s atmosphere. “Previous observations of this planet with Hubble and Spitzer had given us tantalizing hints that carbon dioxide might be present,” Batalha said. “The data from JWST showed an unequivocal carbon dioxide signature that was so prominent it almost screamed at us.”
“As soon as the data showed up on my screen, the massive carbon dioxide feature grabbed me,” team member Zafar Rustamkulov, a graduate student in the Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, said in a news release. “It was a special moment, crossing an important threshold in exoplanet science,” he added.
The mass of WASP-39b, discovered in 2011, is roughly equal to Saturn’s and about a quarter that of Jupiter, while its diameter is 1.3 times that of Jupiter. Because the exoplanet orbits very close to its star, it completes one circuit in just over four Earth days. | chemistry |
https://www.immould.com/product-category/automobile/ | 2023-06-10T03:12:04 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656963.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610030340-20230610060340-00263.warc.gz | 0.93771 | 168 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__111869603 | en | Plastic materials are ideal for some automotive parts like those found in vehicle interiors and car exteriors. They are smooth, user-friendly, and can be made to be sleek and stylish. In terms of functionality, the incorporation of plastic parts reduces the weight of automobiles because they are lighter than metal. It is also possible to bond them with other materials where firmer structures are required.
At FOW Mould, we use premium durable types of plastic to injection mold automotive parts. They include ABS, polypropylene, polyurethane, nylon, carbon fiber reinforced plastics, and polyethylene. Polypropylene car parts include cable insulations and polypropylene car bumpers while polyurethane is used to make suspension bushings and seat support. Our ABS plastic automotive parts are also popular in the industry. | chemistry |
http://www.accessoriesng.com/sigma-most-wanted-brush-set/ | 2017-05-24T02:24:15 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607731.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20170524020456-20170524040456-00576.warc.gz | 0.911568 | 151 | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-22__0__178553810 | en | Sigmax® Fibers - Sigma Beauty's exclusive thermoplastic engineering polymer developed to evenly apply cream and powder products onto the skin for a high definition effect. Features premium filaments engineered for outstanding softness, heat and chemical resistance, mechanical strength and high durability. Sigmax® fibers are antibacterial and hypoallergenic.
SigmaTech® Fibers - Sigma Beauty's exclusive selection of high performance synthetic fibers engineered to outperform traditional animal hair. Features technologically advanced filaments with specialized tips developed to hold and deliver cream and powder products without any absorption into the bristles. Built to last, SigmaTech® fibers are antibacterial, hypoallergenic, and will maintain their original shape and color even after multiple washes. | chemistry |
https://momentumacpro.com/finding-ac-leak-uv-leak-testing-in-tampa/ | 2024-04-24T06:26:55 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819067.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424045636-20240424075636-00719.warc.gz | 0.940165 | 501 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__5098057 | en | If you’ve noticed your AC is not working sufficiently, maybe even blowing hot air, it might be time to recharge your system. Momentum AC Services Inc. is specialist in air conditioning maintenance, and we can help you with your AC repair needs. To begin with, AC leak testing should always be done by professionals, for while you can purchase AC UV dye for testing your own system at Walmart or repair stores, remember that an AC refrigerant leak involves Freon, which is a toxic substance if ingested, and should be carefully handled, especially around children or pets. If you are using AC leak dye to attempt AC leak testing on your own, remember to carefully follow the instructions for the use and disposal of materials.
Using AC dye for leak testing
Momentum AC Services Inc. professionals have been conducting AC leak testing for years, and we know how it is properly done. If you suspect that you have an AC refrigerant leak in your unit, there are several steps we will take to determine where the leak is in the system. The AC leak dye works by entering the system to break down the Freon refrigerant. This dye is reflective to UV light, and thus when a black light is shined into the system, the UV dye for AC illuminates the areas where leaks are occurring. Once the leak is identified, it can be repaired using a sealant.
How long the dye stays in the system
Naturally, there might be concerns about the safety of AC UV dye in a system that circulates air you will be breathing. Please note that UV dye for AC can actually remain in the system indefinitely without concern towards damage of the components or health safety to the building occupants. Most leak detection dyes have a shelf life of around five years. If you have concerns about this aspect of leak detection, please discuss them with the ac technician. We are happy to answer your questions.
Recharging the Freon
Once your unit has been repaired of all leaks, likely it will be necessary to recharge the unit with the Freon refrigerant, bringing it up to pre-leak levels. The AC leak dye used by the technician might also end up dissolving what refrigerant is left in the system, requiring topping off. One can purchase refrigerant with Freon dye mixed in to allow for monitoring the system for further leaks. Freon is typically colorless and odorless, though it might take on a yellow tint with dye as a component. | chemistry |
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