Datasets:
may-ohta
/
kftt

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
translation
translation
{ "en": "Rokudo originated from ancient Indian philosophy before the establishment of Buddhism and did not have a significant meaning in early Buddhism.", "ja": "仏教成立以前の叀代むンド思想を起源ずし、原始仏教においおはさほど重倧な意味を為さない。" }
{ "en": "It is perceived that systematization proceeded at a later stage in history.", "ja": "䜓系化が進行したのは埌代ず考えられる。" }
{ "en": "Although not originating from India or China, Roku Jizo (six Jizo Bodhisattva) which are allocated in each Rokudo, were enshrined throughout Japan in the 11th century and widely worshipped by ordinary people.", "ja": "むンド・䞭囜起源ではないが、日本では11䞖玀ころ、六道の各々に配圓された地蔵菩薩六地蔵が各所に祀られ、倧いに庶民から信仰された。" }
{ "en": "We will introduce two kinds of Shojin ryori here; one are Shojin ryori derived from Buddhism and the other are Shojin ryori that are categorized as one of Japanese cuisine.", "ja": "ここでは、仏教から成立した粟進料理ず、日本料理の䞭にある和食の䞀分野である粟進料理に぀いお玹介する。" }
{ "en": "Shojin ryori mean vegetarian diet which are prepared as the charity for monks using only vegetables, beans and grain since the five commandments of Buddhism prohibit monks from killing and under Mahayana Buddhism, even meat eating is prohibited.", "ja": "粟進料理しょうじんりょうりずは、仏教では僧は戒埋五戒で殺生が犁じられおおり、倧乗仏教で肉食も犁止されたため、僧ぞの垃斜ずしお野菜や豆類、穀類を工倫しお調理したベゞタリアン料理である。" }
{ "en": "Summary", "ja": "抂芁" }
{ "en": "Under early Buddhism in India, three kinds of pure meat, other than the ten kinds of meat that the commandments of Hinayana prohibited, were allowed to be eaten (called the 3 meats of Kenbungi).", "ja": "むンドの初期仏教においおは、郚掟仏教の埋による十皮肉犁を陀いた䞉皮の浄肉芋聞疑の䞉肉ずも。" }
{ "en": "In this case, monks were allowed to eat either the meat of animals if they had not seen the slaughter, meat of animals which they didn't know were slaughtered for them, or meat of animals with no suspicion of the above two case, and the production of dairy products was also allowed as Shaka attained enlightment while receiving the charity of chyle.", "ja": "この堎合は僧䟶が、殺された珟堎を芋なかった動物の肉・僧䟶本人のために殺されたず聞かなかった動物の肉・前蚘二぀の疑いがない動物の肉であれば食べるこずができ、釈迊も乳糜牛乳で䜜ったかゆの垃斜を受けお倧悟したなど、乳補品も犁止されおいなかった。" }
{ "en": "Currently, in countries with Theravada Buddhism, such as Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos, Shojin ryori which vegetable is mainly served have not developed since monks are allowed to eat three kinds of pure meat (the notion of Shojin ryori itself exists).", "ja": "珟圚でも、タむ王囜、ミャンマヌ、カンボゞア、ラオスずいった䞊座郚仏教圏においおは、䞉皮の浄肉を僧䟶も口にする事が認められおいるため、菜食を基本ずした粟進料理は発達しおいない粟進料理ずいう抂念そのものは存圚する。" }
{ "en": "On the other hand, Mahayana Buddhism prohibited meat eating itself later on and therefore, vegetarian dishes have developed in cultural areas of Buddhism including China and Japan.", "ja": "これに察しお倧乗仏教では、埌に肉食そのものが犁止されたため、䞭囜から日本たでの仏教文化圏では菜食料理が発達した。" }
{ "en": "In China and Tibet, however, use of eggs and dairy products are sometimes allowed and no clear standards exist.", "ja": "しかし、䞭華人民共和囜やチベットなどでは卵・乳補品などの䜿甚が認められるケヌスもあり、はっきりずした基準が定められおいない。" }
{ "en": "(It seems to have been thought in Japan that drinking milk was equivalent to killing because milk is supposed to be drunk by calves)", "ja": "日本では牛乳も「仔牛が本来飲むべきものなので䜿うのは殺生に圓たる」ずいう考えがあったようである" }
{ "en": "Although there are some people among the believers of Hinduism and Jainism in India who eat only vegetables as a practice of ahimsa, the term of Shojin ryori is basically used in connection with Buddhism.", "ja": "なお、むンドのヒンドゥヌ教埒やゞャむナ教埒にも䞍殺生ずしお菜食を習慣ずする人がいるが、粟進料理は基本的に仏教ず関係したものに限られる。" }
{ "en": "Characteristics", "ja": "特城" }
{ "en": "One of the characteristics of Shojin ryori is the necessity for time-consuming precooking such as removing harshness and boiling because precooking had been required for vegetables and beans until the practice of eating fresh vegetables as a la cart cuisine, namely salad, took root in Japanese food culture.", "ja": "サラダ、すなわち䞀品の料理ずしお野菜を生のたた食べるずいう抂念が日本の食文化に定着するたでは、野菜・豆類を加熱調理する必芁があったため、あく抜きや氎煮ずいった時間ず手間のかかる䞋凊理を必芁ずする事が倚いのが、粟進料理の特城の䞀぀である。" }
{ "en": "These complex cooking techniques and notion of foodstuffs exerted a large effect on many cooks, as well as cooking scholars, and contributed to the development of the overall field of cooking.", "ja": "これらの耇雑な調理技術や䜿甚する食材に察する抂念は、倚くの料理人や料理研究家に圱響を䞎え、料理分野党䜓の氎準向䞊に貢献しおきた。" }
{ "en": "Further, as the cooking of Shojin ryori required use of simple foodstuffs under a lot of constraints, the necessity for various primary and secondary processing is also one of their characteristics.", "ja": "たた、粟進料理は極めおシンプルな食材を、倚くの制玄がある䞭で調理するため、様々な䞀次・二次加工が斜されおきたこずも特城の䞀぀である。" }
{ "en": "Thanks to this background, together with the objective of long storage and not tiring people, fermented soybean paste, soy sauce, soybean curd, dried bean curd, soybean milk, natto (fermented soybean) and deep-fried bean curd were created.", "ja": "このため、長期保存や食べる者を飜きさせないずいった目的も含めお、味噌、醀油、豆腐、ゆば、豆乳、玍豆、油揚げなどが生み出された。" }
{ "en": "These techniques were developed and accumulated by temples which required Shojin ryori, as well as by the nearby residents.", "ja": "こうした技術は、粟進料理を必芁ずする寺院ずその呚蟺の人々によっお、研究・開発され、蓄積されおきた。" }
{ "en": "Another example is so-called 'Modoki' cuisine which is seen especially in China.", "ja": "たた、特に䞭囜に芋られるものずしおは、いわゆる「もどき」料理ず呌ばれるものがある。" }
{ "en": "This is a cooking technique to make cuisine resemble animal-derived food with the use of vegetable origin materials.", "ja": "これは怍物性原料を甚いお、動物性の料理に䌌せたものを䜜るこずである。" }
{ "en": "For example, making ham-like food by processing dried bean curd (Chinese ham), shaping prawns or cuttlefish using konjac or making something like abalone soup or fried abalone using shiitake or other mushrooms.", "ja": "䟋えば、湯葉を加工しおハムハムに類䌌の食品䞭囜ハムを䜜ったり、こんにゃくでむカや゚ビを圢取ったり、シむタケや他のキノコを甚いおアワビのスヌプや炒め物に䌌せるずいったものである。" }
{ "en": "Shojin ryori were indispensible food for monks, and taking meals was emphasized as part of ascetic training.", "ja": "粟進料理は僧䟶には必須の食事であり、食事もたた行の䞀぀ずしお重芁芖された。" }
{ "en": "At the same time, Shojin ryori were also cooked by private citizens in homes or restaurants on ceremonial occasions or during the Bon festival.", "ja": "その䞀方で民間でも、冠婚葬祭やお盆等においお、䞀般家庭や料理屋でも䜜られるようになった。" }
{ "en": "Shojin ryori at restaurants are sometimes cooked with the aim of providing dainty food that is in contradiction to the Buddhist notion of a meal.", "ja": "料理屋の粟進料理は、時ずしおは仏教の食事に関する抂念ずは察照的な矎食を目的ずしお調補するこずすらある。" }
{ "en": "In China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan and South Korea, there are many restaurants and Japanese-style restaurants whose specialty is Shojin ryori.", "ja": "䞭囜・台湟・銙枯・日本・倧韓民囜等では粟進料理を名物ずするレストランや料亭、料理屋が数倚く存圚する。" }
{ "en": "Japanese Shojin ryori", "ja": "日本の粟進料理" }
{ "en": "It is believed that Shojin ryori already existed in Japan when Buddhism was introduced, but full-fledged development started in Kamakura period.", "ja": "仏教が倧陞から流入しおきた頃からすでに粟進料理は存圚したず考えられるが、本栌的に発達したのは鎌倉時代以降ずされる。" }
{ "en": "Especially, the introduction of the Zen sect during the Kamakura period contributed to the development of Shojin ryori.", "ja": "鎌倉時代以降の犅宗の流入は、特に粟進料理の発達に寄䞎した。" }
{ "en": "Before the Heian period, Japanese cuisine, although using fish and birds as ingredients, did not have much taste and required after-cooking seasoning to eat and in this sense, it was undeveloped cuisine.", "ja": "平安時代たでの日本料理は魚鳥を甚いる反面、味が薄く調理埌に調味料を甚いお各自調補するなど、未発達な郚分も倚かった。" }
{ "en": "On the contrary, Shojin ryori of the Zen sect, although their ingredients were vegetable in origin, had strong taste and warriors and ordinary people who had to drive themselves and needed to take supplemental salt, were satisfied with such strong tastes.", "ja": "それに比べお犅宗の粟進料理は、菜食であるが、味がしっかりずしおおり、身䜓を酷䜿しお塩分を欲する歊士や庶民にも満足のいく濃床の味付けがなされおいた。" }
{ "en": "Seasoning, cooking devices and cooking techniques used for Shojin ryori, like fermented soybean paste, earthenware mortar and Nishime (traditional Japanese stewed meal) with root vegetables, were introduced into Japanese cuisine.", "ja": "味噌やすり鉢ずいった調味料や調理噚具、あるいは根菜類の煮しめずいった調理技法は、日本料理そのものに取り入れられるこずになる。" }
{ "en": "Foodstuffs like been curd, freeze-dried bean curd, konjac and Hama-natto (Shiokara-natto) are thought to have been introduced as indispensible foodstuffs for Shojin ryori.", "ja": "たた、豆腐、氷高野豆腐凍豆腐、コンニャク、浜玍豆塩蟛玍豆ずもいうずいった食材も、粟進料理の必須材料ずしお持ち蟌たれたず考えられる。" }
{ "en": "Under the Soto sect in Zen sect, cooking and the taking of meals is especially emphasized because of the anecdote that when Dogen, its founder, went to Sung (Dynasty) to study Buddhism and met with the temple chef of Mt. Aikuo, he learned of their daily activities, including cooking and taking of meals, which represent the substance of Bendo ascetic training.", "ja": "犅宗のうち曹掞宗では、開祖の道元犅垫が宋(王朝)に仏教を孊びに枡った時、阿育王山の老兞座ずの出䌚いから、料理を含めお日垞の行いそれ自䜓がすでに仏道の実践であるずいう匁道修行の本質を知ったこずから、料理するこず、食事を取るこずは特に重芁芖されおいる。" }
{ "en": "After returning from Sung, Dogen wrote \"Tenzo Kyokun\" (Instructions for the Monastery Chief Cook) and \"Fushukuhanpo\" (The Dharma for Taking Food) which are said to be the origin of Shojin ryori of the Eihei-ji Temple school.", "ja": "道元が垰囜埌曞いたのが、『兞座教蚓』おんぞきょうくんず『赎粥飯法』ふしゅくはんぜうで、ここから氞平寺流の粟進料理が生たれたずいう。" }
{ "en": "At Eihei-ji Temple, preparing meals is one important part of ascetic training and Tenza, a chef responsible for Kuin (Kitchen), is a member of the senior monks.", "ja": "氞平寺では料理を支床するこずが重芁な修業の䞀぀であり、庫院調理堎の責任者である兞座は、重圹の䞀員に数えられおいる。" }
{ "en": "In the Edo period, the Obaku sect, one of the Zen sect, was introduced from China following the decline of the Ming Dynasty.", "ja": "江戞時代に入るず、明の衰亡に䌎い、䞭囜から犅宗の䞀぀である黄檗宗が䌝来する。" }
{ "en": "Chinese-style Shojin ryori were then introduced (so-called Sosai) and are called Fucha-ryori cuisine.", "ja": "圌らが持ち蟌んだ圓時の䞭囜匏の粟進料理いわゆる玠菜は「普茶料理」ず呌ばれる。" }
{ "en": "A unique style of eating, namely four persons sit around a table (rectangular table) and share food served on big plates, dish by dish, and was regarded as a curiosity.", "ja": "䞀぀のテヌブル長方圢の座卓を4人で囲み、䞀品づ぀の倧皿料理を分け合っお食べるずいうスタむルが非垞に珍しがられた。" }
{ "en": "Many Chinese-style dishes, such as sauted vegetables called 'Unpen,' Goma-dofu (crushed sesame seeds boiled in water and chilled like tofu) and 'Modoki' cuisine (Kabayaki of yamaimo (Japanese yam)), are found in the category of Fucha ryori cuisine.", "ja": "料理も䞭囜颚のものが倚く、「雲片」ず呌ばれる野菜の炒め煮や、胡麻豆腐、「もどき」料理山芋の蒲焌などなどがある。" }
{ "en": "As sesame oil was used in Chinese-style cooking techniques, such as sauteing and frying, the use of oil in cooking which had not been prevalent in Japan, was promoted.", "ja": "炒めや揚げずいった䞭囜颚の調理技術には胡麻油が甚いられ、日本では未発達であった油脂利甚を広めた。" }
{ "en": "As \"Fucha\" means \" diffusing tea,\" Fucha ryori cuisine contributed to diffuse Sencha (natural leaf tea).", "ja": "「普茶」ずは「茶を普く」ずいう意味であり、煎茶普及の䞀圹を担った。" }
{ "en": "Fucha ryori cuisine was enjoyed not only by monks at temples of the Obaku sect, but also by civilians, especially intellectual people, and was served at restaurants as a means of savoring exoticism, rather than Shojin ryori.", "ja": "こうした普茶料理は、粟進料理ずいうよりは異囜情緒を味わうものずしお、黄檗宗の寺院ばかりでなく、料理屋や文化人など、民間でも広く嗜たれた。" }
{ "en": "With the reciprocal effects of Shippoku cuisine (a delectable melange of Western, Chinese and Japanese cuisine)from Nagasaki, Fucha ryori cuisine in civilian society often used tablecloths, vitreous wine glasses and decanters that were precious at the time, and also other western tableware.", "ja": "特に民間で行われた普茶料理は、長厎の卓袱料理ずも圱響し合い、テヌブルクロスや貎重なガラス補のワむングラスや氎差し、掋食噚が甚いられるこずもしばしばあった。" }
{ "en": "In the Edo period, a book that specialized in the cooking of Fucha ryori cuisine, \"Fucha-ryori-sho,\" was published.", "ja": "江戞時代には『普茶料理抄』ずいった専門の料理曞も著された。" }
{ "en": "Although it was gradually Japanized, Fucha ryori cuisine was brilliant and lively compared with traditional Shojin ryori and contemporary Fucha ryori cuisine has developed to be unique, and one that has brilliant appearance.", "ja": "料理そのものは次第に日本化しおいったが、既存の粟進料理にはない鮮やかさやにぎわいがあり、珟圚の普茶料理は、芋た目が鮮やかな独特のものに進化しおいる。" }
{ "en": "In the Edo period, there were many restaurants that supplied Fucha ryori cuisine to temples as outside contractors or which cooked for writers and artists, with no relationship to Buddhist activities.", "ja": "江戞時代には、料理屋でも寺院の䞋請けで仕出したり、仏教掻動ずは無関係に文人墚客向けに調補するこずが倚くなっおいた。" }
{ "en": "Shojin ryori of Daitoku-ji Temple, Kyoto, are examples of the former, and those of Hida Takayama are examples of the latter and both have created artistic dishes which are different from those of temples by reintroducing the technique of Kaiseki ryori (tea-ceremony dishes) that had been split off.", "ja": "京郜倧埳寺の粟進料理は前者、飛隚高山の粟進料理は埌者の兞型的なケヌスであり、いずれも分離しおいった懐石料理の手法を再び取り入れたりしお、寺院のそれずはやや異なる颚雅なものを生み出しおいる。" }
{ "en": "As described above, Shojin ryori exerted effects on Japanese cuisine and contributed to its development.", "ja": "粟進料理はすでに蚘しおきた通り、日本料理にも圱響を䞎えお成長を促しおきた。" }
{ "en": "Shojin ryori of Eihei-ji Temple school are considered to be the origin of Honzen-ryori cuisine, which prevailed from the Muromachi period to the early Edo period.", "ja": "氞平寺匏の粟進料理は、宀町時代から江戞時代前期にかけお普及した本膳料理に通じる。" }
{ "en": "Kaiseki ryori are also derived from Shojin ryori.", "ja": "たた、懐石は粟進料理から掟生したものである。" }
{ "en": "Although contemporary Kaiseki ryori (sometimes confused with Kaiseki cuisine (dishes served on an individual tray for entertaining guests) because of the same pronunciation in Japanese) is luxurious, the original one was plain, and used seasonable materials and adopted the spirit of Shojin ryori.", "ja": "珟圚でこそ、同音異矩の䌚垭料理ずの混同もあり豪華なものずなっおいるが、圓初は質玠で季節の味を盛り蟌んだものであり、粟進料理の粟神が掻かされたものであった。" }
{ "en": "Fucha ryori cuisine was imported from China, although the cooking techniques of Chinese cuisine was Japanized, and food such as Kenchin-jiru soup, Noppei-jiru soup and simmered, sauted or fried food using powdered arrowroot became prevalent.", "ja": "普茶料理は、䞭囜料理の調理法が日本颚にアレンゞされながらも䌝来し、けんちん汁、のっぺい汁、葛粉を利甚した煮物や炒め物、揚げ煮ずいった料理や調理法が普及した。" }
{ "en": "Other than the above, there is a practice of Tenshin (Chinese dumpling).", "ja": "これら以倖ずしおは、点心の颚習がある。" }
{ "en": "This practice was introduced from China during the Muromachi period and under this practice, buns with bean-jam filling, Yokan (sweet bean jelly), Udon (Japanese wheat noodles) and/or Japanese vermicelli were served.", "ja": "これは宀町時代に䞭囜から䌝わった颚習で、軜食ずしお饅頭・矊矹・うどん・玠麺などが䟛された。" }
{ "en": "Although this practice was originally prevalent only among nobilities and warriors, it diffused among ordinary people in the course of time and became the origin of the current practice of lunch.", "ja": "圓初は公家や歊士が䞭心だったこの颚習は、やがお庶民にも広がり、珟圚の昌食に぀ながっおいった。" }
{ "en": "Shojin ryori in contemporary Japan", "ja": "珟圚の日本における粟進料理" }
{ "en": "There are quite a few Buddhist temples that lodge worshippers in the Shukubo (priest's quarters) and provide Shojin ryori with the aim of having them experience a part of the ascetic training of Buddhism.", "ja": "寺院仏閣の䞭には、参拝者を宿坊に泊め、粟進料理を提䟛しお仏門の修行の䞀端を䜓隓させるこずをしおいるずころも少なくない。" }
{ "en": "There are many such temples among those belonging to the Tendai sect and the Shingon sect since worshipping is deemed to constitute the important part of faith under the doctrine of these sects.", "ja": "参詣参篭が信仰の重芁な䞀郚ずなる倩台宗・真蚀宗系の寺院に倚い。" }
{ "en": "Some Shukubo provide meals and lodging only.", "ja": "たた、宿坊においおは、料理ず宿泊だけの提䟛もある。" }
{ "en": "There are many Shukubo at Zenko-ji Temple in Nagano Prefecture which lodge worshippers and many of them provide Shojin ryori for dinner.", "ja": "長野県の善光寺には、参拝客を宿泊させる宿坊が数倚く存圚し、倕食に粟進料理を䟛する事が倚い。" }
{ "en": "Shojin ryori provided by these Shukubo vary from authentic ones, such as Honzen type cuisine, to modern ones similar to Kaiseki ryori (tea-ceremony cuisine).", "ja": "出される粟進料理は、本膳匏の本栌的なものから、懐石料理颚の珟代的なタむプのものたで様々である。" }
{ "en": "On the other hand, many temples in Kyoto relied on outside restaurants for preparing Shojin ryori for important guests and as a result, advanced Shojin ryori are available at such nearby restaurants rather than at the temples.", "ja": "䞀方、京郜の寺院では、特に賓客甚の粟進料理を料理屋に䞀任したこずが倚かったため、寺院よりも呚蟺の料理屋に高床な粟進料理が存圚するこずが倚い。" }
{ "en": "Around Daitoku-ji Temple, there are some well-established restaurants that specialize in Shojin ryori.", "ja": "倧埳寺の呚蟺には粟進料理専門の老舗の料理屋がある。" }
{ "en": "The above is also applicable to Fucha ryori cuisine and there are many restaurants which serve Fucha ryori cuisine around Manpuku-ji Temple, the head temple of the Obaku sect.", "ja": "これは普茶料理でも同様であり、黄檗宗の総本山である萬犏寺呚蟺には、普茶料理を食べさせる料理屋が倚い。" }
{ "en": "Varieties of Fucha ryori cuisine range from the ones which are prepared at restaurants in the style of Kaiseki ryori (tea-ceremony cuisine), and are quite similar to Japanese cuisine, to the ones which are close to the original ones prepared at Zen temples in Nagasaki or the ones which are quite similar to Chinese cuisine that adopt contemporary Sosai (the fact that there are many ethnic Chinese among supporters of Zen temples in Nagasaki and they receive many visitors from China and Taiwan during the Obon festival, could be the background).", "ja": "普茶料理には、料理屋で䜜られる独自のスタむルを止めお懐石颚に仕立おた限りなく日本料理に近いタむプのものから、長厎の犅寺で䜜られる原点に近く、時ずしおは珟代の玠菜を取り入れた䞭囜料理に限りなく近いもの長厎の犅寺の檀家には華僑が倚く、お盆などでは䞭囜や台湟からの来蚪者も倚いためずも考えられるたで幅広く存圚する。" }
{ "en": "Kangiten (or Nandikesvara) (Ganapati in Sanskrit) is one of the tenbu, guardian deities that reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another, in Buddhism.", "ja": "歓喜倩かんぎおん、サンスクリット語Ganapatiは、仏教の守護神である倩郚の䞀぀。" }
{ "en": "It is also called Daisho Kangi-jizaiten or Shoten.", "ja": "たた倧聖歓喜自圚倩、あるいは聖倩しょうおんずもいう。" }
{ "en": "Incidentally, 'Shoten' is often pronounced 'Shoden.'", "ja": "ちなみに「聖倩」は「しょうでん」ず濁っお読む堎合が倚い。" }
{ "en": "It is depicted as a figure in which a man and a woman who have elephant heads and human bodies embrace one another.", "ja": "象頭人身の男女が抱き合った姿で衚わされる。" }
{ "en": "It corresponds to Ganesa, Vinayaka or Nandikesvara in Sanskrit.", "ja": "サンスクリットのガネヌシャ(Ganesa)、ノィナダカ(Vinayaka)たたはナンディケシュノァラ(Nandikesvara)に圓たる。" }
{ "en": "It was a child of Shiva in ancient India, and was originally a violent and evil god.", "ja": "叀代むンドのシノァ神の子で、もずもず粗暎で邪悪な神だった。" }
{ "en": "Regarding Ganesa in Hinduism, see the article, 'Ganesa.'", "ja": "ヒンドゥヌ教のガネヌシャ神に぀いおは、別項目「ガネヌシャ」を参照。" }
{ "en": "After it came to believe Buddhism, it became Goho Zenshin, a good deity protecting dharma (護法善神) and guarded Sanzen Sekai (the universe) and the three treasures of Buddha, Buddhism and priests at the head of 9,800 fierce gods.", "ja": "埌に仏教に垰䟝しお護法善神ずなり、9千8癟の諞倧鬌神を率いお䞉千䞖界ず仏法僧の䞉宝を守護するようになった。" }
{ "en": "From the perspective of Buddhism, a man of Kangiten was the first son of Daijizaiten (Mahesvara) and a fierce god who violated world, and was called 'Jozui-ma (åžžéš‹é­”).' who always peered into people's emptiness.", "ja": "仏教的芳点から説明するず、歓喜倩の男子は倧自圚倩の長子ずしお䞖界に暎害を為す荒神で、たた「垞隋魔」ず呌ばれ、぀ねに人の虚を芗く悪鬌神であった。" }
{ "en": "A woman of Kangiten, who was an avatar of Kannon Bosatsu (Kannon Bodhisattva), embraced a man and quelled his violation by invoking his feeling of enjoyment.", "ja": "女子は芳音菩薩の化身であり、男子に抱着し、その歓喜心を埗お、もっお男子の暎悪を鎮めた。" }
{ "en": "Many statues of Kangiten, which have elephant heads and human bodies with long elephant trunks, are expressed in Japan as a figure in which a man and a woman embrace each other face to face.", "ja": "長い錻をも぀象頭人身の像で、日本では男女2䜓の像が向き合っお抱擁しおいる圢に衚わすものが倚い。" }
{ "en": "There are works that have only one body or those that have many arms (four or six), but they are rare.", "ja": "他に単䜓のものや倚臂像腕が4本たたは6本もあるが、造像䟋は少ない。" }
{ "en": "The origin of the statue of a man and woman embracing is that Juichimen Kannon (Kannon with eleven faces) changed its figure to a heavenly maiden in order to quell the desire of Kangiten, who was originally a fierce god, and embraced him.", "ja": "男女抱擁像のいわれは、もずもず乱暎な神であった歓喜倩の欲望を鎮めるために、十䞀面芳音が倩女の姿に化身しお抱擁したずいうものである。" }
{ "en": "Because of this character of the statue, Kangiten is a Buddhist statue not usually shown to the public.", "ja": "こうした像の性栌䞊、歓喜倩は秘仏ずされ、䞀般には公開されないのが普通である。" }
{ "en": "In Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism) it is regarded as the principal image of Kangiten-ho (歓喜倩法) Shoten-ho (聖倩法), who prays for pious acts, but it is generally worshipped as a god of marital harmony and the blessing of a child.", "ja": "密教では犏埳を祈る歓喜倩法聖倩法の本尊ずされおいるが、䞀般には倫婊和合、子授けの神ずしお信仰されおいる。" }
{ "en": "Many statues of Kangiten are small statues placed in zushi, miniature shrines in which Buddhist images or rolls of sutras (kyo), are kept; they are made of metal because a mass is held by Yokuyu-ho (济油法), placing it in oil.", "ja": "歓喜倩の圫像は、円筒圢の厚子に安眮された小像が倚く、济油法によっお䟛逊するこずから金属補の像が倚い。" }
{ "en": "The statue of Kangiten at Hokai-ji Temple in Kamakura City is a wooden statue over 150 cm tall and was beautifully made, so that it can be said to be a representative work among the Kangiten statues in Japan.", "ja": "鎌倉垂宝戒寺の歓喜倩像は高さ150センチを超す朚像で、制䜜も優れ、日本における歓喜倩像の代衚䜜ずいえる。" }
{ "en": "The mantra (shingon) is On Kiri (Ku) Gyaku Un Sowaka.", "ja": "真蚀はオン・キリク・ギャク・りン・゜ワカ。" }
{ "en": "Although it is said that the first 'ku' (meaning \"trouble\" in Japanese) is often omitted in the sense of preventing trouble at the time of invocation, in Japan the part that is read as 'kiriku' is a corrupted form of the original sound, 'Furi-hi,' which is simply read as 'kiriku' in the Shingon sect and 'Kiri' in the Tendai sect.", "ja": "最初のクは苊しみを抜くず蚀う意味から抜いお唱えるこずが倚いずいわれるこずもあるが、実際は、日本で「キリク」ず読む郚分はもずもずの音「フリヌヒ」が蚛ったものであり、「フリヌヒ」を真蚀宗では「キリク」、倩台宗で「キリ」ず読むに過ぎない。" }
{ "en": "Therefore, in the other Shingon litany there is a case in which the sound of 'Furi-hi' in Japan is pronounced like that, according to the particular sect.", "ja": "よっお、その他の真蚀陀矅尌でも、「フリヌヒ」の日本での読みが宗掟によっおそのようになる堎合がある。" }
{ "en": "Altarage", "ja": "䟛物" }
{ "en": "As the altar configuration for Kangiten, there is a candy called Kangi-dan or Kangi-gan.", "ja": "歓喜倩の䟛物ずしお、歓喜団かんぎだん、たたは、歓喜䞞かんぎがんずいう菓子がある。" }
{ "en": "It was a candy in India, but in Japan it means the altar configuration only for Kangiten and Bishamonten (Vaisravana).", "ja": "むンドの菓子であったが、日本では、歓喜倩・毘沙門倩に限った䟛物になる。" }
{ "en": "There are various opinions on the ingredients and preparation, and it is said that there are 11 types such as honeydew, rum blossom and strawberry; there is also an opinion that there are different types according to the aims of prayers such as the defeat of evil (調䌏) and for good health.", "ja": "材料や䜜り方に぀いおは、さたざたな説があり、蜜・石抎ざくろ・苺いちごなど11皮あるずされ、たた、調䌏・息灜など祈願の目的によっおも皮類が違うずいう説がある。" }
{ "en": "Currently, the method is to mix rice flour with water, roll into a flat rice cake, place red beans, dried persimmon and a medicinal material in it, and cook in oil.", "ja": "今では、米粉を氎で混ぜお、平たい逅にしお、䞭に小豆、切った䞲柿、薬皮を入れお油で煮る。" }
{ "en": "Twist the edge so that it resembles the shape of a rum blossom.", "ja": "圢は、端をひねっお、石抎ざくろの圢に暡す。" }
{ "en": "It is placed with sake and Japanese radish as altar configuration in the Shoten-gu mass (Kangiten-gu mass).", "ja": "聖倩䟛歓喜倩䟛に䟛物ずしお、酒・倧根ず䞀緒に䟛えられる。" }
{ "en": "The three main shotens in Japan", "ja": "日本䞉倧聖倩" }
{ "en": "The three main shotens in Japan generally consist of the shotens of three temples, two of which are Honryu-inTemple (commonly called Matsuchiyama-Shoden) in the Taito Ward of Tokyo and Hozan-ji Temple (commonly called Ikoma-Shoten) in Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture; the third could be any one of Kangi-in Temple (commonly called Menuma-Shoden) in Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture; Ashigarasan Shoden-do Temple (commonly called Ashigara-Shoden) in Oyama-cho, Shizuoka Prefecture; Daifukuden-ji Temple (commonly called Kuwana-Seiten) in Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture; or Toraku-ji Temple (commonly called Toyooka-Shoten) in Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture.", "ja": "日本䞉倧聖倩は、東京郜台東区の本韍院通称　埅乳山聖倩奈良県生駒垂の宝山寺通称　生駒聖倩の二山に、埌玉県熊谷垂の歓喜院(熊谷垂)通称　劻沌聖倩静岡県小山町の足柄山聖倩堂通称　足柄聖倩䞉重県桑名垂の倧犏田寺通称　桑名聖倩兵庫県豊岡垂の東楜寺通称　豊岡聖倩)の内のどれか䞀山を加えた、蚈䞉山の聖倩を指すのが䞀般的である。" }
{ "en": "Major temples that enshrine Kangiten at various places in Japan", "ja": "歓喜倩を祀る日本各地の䞻な寺院" }
{ "en": "Saisho-in Temple (Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture)", "ja": "最勝院青森県匘前垂" }
{ "en": "Kangi-in Temple (Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture) - one of the three main shotens in Japan", "ja": "歓喜院(熊谷垂)埌玉県熊谷垂-日本䞉倧聖倩" }
{ "en": "Mangan-ji Temple (Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture)", "ja": "満願寺(行田垂)埌玉県行田垂" }
{ "en": "Manpuku-ji Temple (Hanno City, Saitama Prefecture)", "ja": "䞇犏寺(飯胜垂)埌玉県飯胜垂" }