Datasets:
may-ohta
/
kftt

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translation
{ "en": "In the Edo period, as part of their program to settle the wrongs of the Toyotomi government, the Tokugawa clan pardoned the Shingi Shingon sect and together with the reconstruction of Negoro-ji Temple, Kakuban was afforded the honorary title of 'Kokyo-Daishi' from the Emperor Higashiyama.", "ja": "江戞時代、豊臣政暩の枅算の芳点ら、埳川家の恩赊を受けお新矩真蚀宗は埩興を果たし、根来寺の再興ず共に芚鑁は東山倩皇より「興教倧垫」の称号を远莈された。" }
{ "en": "During the late Edo Period, Hoju-Hojo-Koga-Eisho-Shinkai-Shinyu-Joyu KODAMA became the head, and after the Meiji Restoration, Negoro-ji Temple restored the temple head priest title.", "ja": "江戞埌期は法䜏─法恕─興雅─栄性─信海─真雄─児玉浄雄ず続き、明治維新埌、根来寺に座䞻称号が埩掻する。" }
{ "en": "The first head priest in the prosperous Chuko period was Buzan school Noke, Shuzen MORINO, and the head priests until that time were mostly heads from Daigo-ji Temple or Ninna-ji Temple, it was a tradition in Negoro-ji Temple to install a Gakuto other than the head priest from external temples.", "ja": "䞭興第䞀䞖座䞻は豊山掟胜化、守野秀善が就いたが、これたでの座䞻は醍醐寺たたは仁和寺の門跡が就任するこずが倚く、そうした倖郚の座䞻ずは別に根来寺では孊頭を立おるのが慣䟋であった。" }
{ "en": "In 1886, Negoro-ji Temple was selected as the main Dojo of the Shingi school.", "ja": "1886幎明治19幎には根来寺を新矩掟の根本道堎ずしお遞定した。" }
{ "en": "Since 1900, the Noke of the Shingi Shingon sect Buzan school and Shingi Shingon sect Chisan school have acted in turn as the Head Priest of Daidenpo-in Temple with three-year rotations, but this tradition of alternating Buzan and Chisan has also been seen since the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) from Genyo-Nisshu-Raigen-Genyu-Senyo.", "ja": "1900幎明治33幎より、新矩真蚀宗豊山掟及び新矩真蚀宗智山掟の胜化が3幎亀代により倧䌝法院座䞻を勀めたが、智豊亀互に勀める颚習は、戊囜時代、玄誉─日秀─頌玄─玄宥─専誉あたりから芋られるものである。" }
{ "en": "After World War II, with the revision of the Religious Corporation Act in 1953, the Shingi Shingon sect was established with Negoro-ji Temple as the Grand Head Temple and still exists up to the present day.", "ja": "第二次倧戊埌、1953幎昭和28幎、宗教法人法の改正により根来寺を総本山ずする新矩真蚀宗が創蚭されるにいたり珟圚に至っおいる。" }
{ "en": "Grand Head Temple Negoro-ji Temple (Iwade City Wakayama Prefecture)", "ja": "総本山根来寺和歌山県岩出垂" }
{ "en": "Daihonzan Tanjo-in Temple (Kashima City Saga Prefecture)", "ja": "倧本山誕生院䜐賀県鹿島垂" }
{ "en": "Jun-Bekkaku-honzan, Associate Head Temple", "ja": "準別栌本山" }
{ "en": "Betsuin Negoro-ji Temple Betsuin, Ichijo-in Temple (Minami-Satsuma City Kagoshima Prefecture) *currently the Ichijo-in Temple site is designated as a historical site by Kagoshima Prefecture", "ja": "別院根来寺別院䞀乗院鹿児島県南さ぀た垂※珟圚は䞀乗院跡ずしお鹿児島県の史跡に指定されおいる。" }
{ "en": "Temples", "ja": "䞀般寺院" }
{ "en": "Education Institutes", "ja": "教育機関" }
{ "en": "Shingi Senmongakuin", "ja": "新矩専門孊院" }
{ "en": "Honzon has the following meanings.", "ja": "本尊ほんぞんには、次の意味がある。" }
{ "en": "Sculptures, paintings, mandalas, named inscriptions of Buddha or Bosatsu, are considered to be the most important objects of religious belief installed in Buddhist temples or altars, or carried around on the body as an amulet.", "ja": "仏教寺院や仏壇などに最も倧切な信仰の察象ずしお安眮されたり、お守りずしお身蟺に垞時携垯される、仏や菩薩などの圫刻・絵画・曌荌矅たんだら・名号などのこず。" }
{ "en": "In religions other than Buddhism, an object of religious attention that is held to be important.", "ja": "仏教以倖の宗教においお信仰の察象ずしお倧切に扱われるもののこず。" }
{ "en": "In daily life outside of Buddhism, the central person or person who should not be sidelined or a precious object.", "ja": "仏教以倖の日垞生掻においお、ものごずの匵本人や端倪すべからざる人物、倧切にすべき物などのこず。" }
{ "en": "Here we describe the use of Honzon as a Buddhist term.", "ja": "ここでは、仏教の甚語ずしおの本尊に぀いお蚘茉する。" }
{ "en": "(Other meanings are derivatives of Honzon as a Buddhist term)", "ja": "他の意味は、仏教の甚語ずしおの本尊の転甚である。" }
{ "en": "The name and concept of Honzon comes from the teachings of Daibirushanabutsu-Jinpenkaji-kyo Sutra.", "ja": "本尊ずいう名称ず抂念は、倧毘盧遮那成仏神倉加持経倧日経の説くずころに由来する。" }
{ "en": "There are two conditions to Honzon.", "ja": "本尊の身に亊た二皮有り。" }
{ "en": "They are clean and unclean.", "ja": "所謂いわゆる枅浄ず非枅浄なり。" }
{ "en": "If the Honzon is clean, it will depart from all and if it is unclean, with thoughts, it will be kei/gyo.", "ja": "圌の浄身を蚌すれば䞀切の盞を離れ、非浄・有想の身は、則ち顕・圢の衆色有り。" }
{ "en": "The two conditions to Honzon make two things possible.", "ja": "圌の二皮の尊圢は、二皮の事を成就す。" }
{ "en": "Because with thoughts, it can reach the Siddhi (the ultimate destination) of thoughts, and because it is without thoughts, it can create the Siddhi of no thoughts.", "ja": "有想の故に有盞の悉地しっち、サンスクリットsiddhi、究極の境地なりを成就し、無想の故に随お無盞の悉地を生ず。" }
{ "en": "Setsu-honzon-sanmai-bon, no. 28", "ja": "説本尊䞉昧品第二十八" }
{ "en": "In Japan, during the Kamakura Buddhism period, Nichiren taught that the following three conditions should be observed.", "ja": "日本では鎌倉仏教の時代に、日蓮によっお以䞋の3぀の意矩を芁件ずしお教矩ずするようになる。" }
{ "en": "Konpon-sonsu", "ja": "根本尊厇こんぜんそんすう。" }
{ "en": "He should be revered and worshiped as 'the foundation of everything in the world.'", "ja": "「䞖界におけるあらゆる物事の根本」ずしお尊ばれ厇められるべきもの。" }
{ "en": "Honrai-soncho", "ja": "本来尊重ほんらいそんちょう。" }
{ "en": "He should be esteemed for being 'what we ourselves should ideally be in the flesh.'", "ja": "「私たち自身の生の本来的なありかた」ずしお尊重されるべきもの。" }
{ "en": "Honnu-songyo", "ja": "本有尊圢ほんぬそんぎょう。" }
{ "en": "He should reveal his 'appearance and shape of blessed existence' that has always been in existence since the infinite past but was hidden until the present.", "ja": "無限の過去からもずもず有ったのだが今たでは隠れおいた「尊い存圚の姿・かたち」が顕珟したもの。" }
{ "en": "This is considered to have been the result of feelings of rivalry towards the Shingon sect founded by Kukai, who Nichiren is thought to have considered as his foremost rival.", "ja": "これは、日蓮の最もラむバルずしお意識しおいたず思われる空海の興した真蚀宗ぞの察抗意識のなせる業ずもいわれおいる。" }
{ "en": "The character styles of the Great Mandala for Honzon designated by various schools of the Nichiren sect all show similarity to Bonji (Siddham characters), which is a major characteristic of the Shingon sect.", "ja": "日蓮宗系各宗掟の立おる本尊である倧曌荌矅の字䜓は、真蚀宗自家薬籠䞭の梵字悉曇文字ぞの近接が窺われる。" }
{ "en": "Honzon of Various sects", "ja": "各宗掟の本尊" }
{ "en": "The Honzon of major sects in Japanese Buddhism are shown below.", "ja": "以䞋に日本仏教における䞻芁な各宗掟の本尊を瀺す。" }
{ "en": "Nanto Six sects - the Honzon differs depending on the temple.", "ja": "南郜六宗 本尊は寺によっお異なる。" }
{ "en": "Todai-ji Temple (Kegon sect) Kon-do Honzon is a Vairocana (famous as the Big Buddha), Yakushi-ji Temple (Hosso-shu sect) Kon-do Honzon is Yakushi-nyorai, Kofuku-ji Temple (Hosso-shu) Chukon-do Honzon is Shakanyorai.", "ja": "東倧寺華厳宗金堂本尊は毘盧遮那仏びるしゃなぶ぀、倧仏ずしお有名、薬垫寺法盞宗金堂本尊は薬垫劂来、興犏寺法盞宗䞭金堂本尊は釈迊劂来。" }
{ "en": "Tendai sect - this sect was introduced to Japan by Saicho and inherits teachings from four sects, En (Tendai), Mitsu (Mikkyo), Zen (Zen-shu and Kai (Kairitsu) and the Honzon of each temple varies.", "ja": "倩台宗 円倩台・密密教・犅犅宗・戒戒埋の四宗を盞承した最柄によっお日本ぞ䌝えられた宗掟であり、本尊も各寺院によっおさたざたである。" }
{ "en": "The Honzon of Enryaku-ji Temple is Yakushinyorai for Konpon Chu-do, the east tower of Enryaku-ji Temple, Shakanyorai for Tenhorin-do (Shaka-do) for the west tower and Kannon Bosatsu for the Yokokawa Chu-do in Enryaku-ji Temple Yokokawa.", "ja": "延暊寺の本尊は、延暊寺東塔の根本䞭堂が薬垫劂来、延暊寺西塔の転法茪堂釈迊堂が釈迊劂来、延暊寺暪川の暪川䞭堂は芳音菩薩である。" }
{ "en": "Some temples like Shinsho Gokuraku-ji Temple have Amidanyorai as a Honzon.", "ja": "真正極楜寺のように阿匥陀劂来を本尊ずする寺院もある。" }
{ "en": "Shingon sect – Dainichinyorai is the most revered, but the Honzon of each temple varies, such as Shakanyorai, Amidanyorai, Yakushinyorai, Kannon Bosatsu and Fudo Myoo.", "ja": "真蚀宗 䞭心的尊栌は倧日劂来だが、各寺院の本尊は釈迊劂来、阿匥陀劂来、薬垫劂来、芳音菩薩、䞍動明王などさたざたである。" }
{ "en": "This is thought to be based on the thinking that all Buddhas are a sign of universal truth and a manifestation of Dainichinyorai, who has attained Buddhism's highest form of existence, in a different appearance.", "ja": "これは党おの仏は宇宙の真理の象城であり、法身である倧日劂来が姿を倉えお珟われたものずする芳念に基づくず思われる。" }
{ "en": "The Honzon of To-ji Temple, Jingo-ji Temple and Daigo-ji Temple are Yakushinyorai, and Kongobu-ji Temple has Ashuku-nyorai (considered the same as Yakushinyorai) as the Honzon.", "ja": "東寺、神護寺、醍醐寺の本尊はいずれも薬垫劂来、金剛峯寺の本尊は阿しゅく劂来薬垫劂来ず同䜓ずもである。" }
{ "en": "Jodo sect - Amidanyorai (seated image)", "ja": "浄土宗 阿匥陀劂来座像" }
{ "en": "Jodo Shinshu sect - Honson is one Buddha, Amidanyorai (standing image)", "ja": "浄土真宗 阿匥陀劂来立像䞀仏を本尊ずする。" }
{ "en": "The form is a wooden statue or painted image.", "ja": "圢態は、朚像・絵像。" }
{ "en": "Or a named Honzon of 'Namu Amidabutsu.'", "ja": "もしくは、「南無阿匥陀仏」の名号本尊。" }
{ "en": "Rinzai sect – Shakanyorai is often the Butsuden Honzon (depending upon past connections, may also be Kannon Bosatsu, Amidanyorai, Jizo Bosatsu, etc.), however, the Zen sect temples tend to revere Soshi images as much as, or sometimes even more than Buddha images.", "ja": "臚枈宗 仏殿本尊ずしおは釈迊劂来を安眮するこずが倚い瞁により、芳音菩薩、阿匥陀劂来、地蔵菩薩等ただし、犅宗寺院では仏像ず同様、時にはそれ以䞊に祖垫像を重芖する傟向がある。" }
{ "en": "Soto sect – Shakanyorai is often the Butsuden Honzon (however, it is considered conceptually as existing in the soul)", "ja": "曹掞宗 仏殿本尊ずしおは釈迊劂来を安眮するこずが倚いただし、心の䞭の存圚ずしお芳念的に捉えおいる。" }
{ "en": "Depending upon past connections, may also be Kanzeon Bosatsu, Amidanyorai, Jizo Bosatsu, etc.). However, the Zen sect temples tend to revere Soshi (founder) images as much as, or sometimes even more than Buddha images.", "ja": "瞁により、芳䞖音菩薩、阿匥陀劂来、地蔵菩薩等ただし、犅宗寺院では仏像ず同様、時にはそれ以䞊に祖垫像を重芖する傟向がある。" }
{ "en": "Nichiren sect, Hokke sect - 'Sanbo-son' consisting of a pagoda with Shakamunibutsu of Kuonjitsujo, Great Madara drawn just before Nichiren's nirvana in 1282 and the Nichiren chant written in the center, and Shakanyorai and Taho-nyorai on the sides, with a statue of Nichiren below it.", "ja": "日蓮宗、法華宗 久遠実成の釈迊牟尌仏匘安5幎日蓮臚入滅盎筆倧曌荌矅䞭倮に題目を蚘した宝塔ず、その䞡脇に釈迊劂来ず倚宝劂来を配し、その䞋に日蓮像を配する「䞉宝尊」" }
{ "en": "Nichiren Shoshu – Honzon of October 12, 1279 (Nichiren-Shoshu) (usually called, Ita-Mandala)", "ja": "日蓮正宗 匘安2幎10月12日の本尊(日蓮正宗)(通称、板曌荌矅)" }
{ "en": "The Ichimai Kishomon is a will left by Honen on February 27, 1212 just prior to his death.", "ja": "『䞀枚起請文』いちたいきしょうもんずは、建暊2幎1月23日_(旧暊)ナリりス暊1212幎2月27日に法然が死の盎前に自身で遺蚀を蚘したものである。" }
{ "en": "It is ordinarily entitled Honen Shonin Goikun Ichimai Kishomon.", "ja": "経文には普通、法然䞊人埡遺蚓䞀枚起請文ず題されおいる。" }
{ "en": "The original can be seen at Konkaikomyo-ji Temple.", "ja": "珟圚は黒谷においお原本が芋られる。" }
{ "en": "It is displayed to the public during the anniversary of Honen's death on April 23 and 24.", "ja": "拝芳は埡忌の四月二十䞉日・二十四日に可胜である。" }
{ "en": "Full text", "ja": "å…šæ–‡" }
{ "en": "Shaka Sanzon is a style in Buddhism for installing Buddha images.", "ja": "釈迊䞉尊しゃかさんぞんずは、仏教における仏像安眮の圢匏のひず぀。" }
{ "en": "In Japan, this style normally installs Shakanyorai with a robe worn with the right shoulder exposed with Semu-in, Yogan-in or Seppo-in as the Chuson (center) with Monju Bosatsu riding on a lion to the left and Fugen Bosatsu riding an elephant to the left (as attendant figures).", "ja": "日本では偏袒右肩で衣をたずっお斜無畏印・䞎願印か説法印を結んだ釈迊劂来しゃかにょらいを䞭尊ずしお、脇䟍きょうじ、わきじずしお巊に階獅の文殊菩薩もんじゅがさ぀、右に乗象の普賢菩薩ふげんがさ぀を配眮するのが䞀般的。" }
{ "en": "(The 'left' and 'right' here refers to the 'left' and 'right' seen from the Chuson.)", "ja": "この堎合の「巊」「右」ずは䞭尊から芋た「巊」「右」を指す。)" }
{ "en": "Rarely, Shakanyorai's attendants are Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu instead of Monju Bosatsu and Fugen Bosatsu.", "ja": "なお、釈迊劂来の䞡脇䟍ずしお、文殊菩薩・普賢菩薩ではなく、薬王菩薩・薬䞊菩薩を配するこずがたれにある。" }
{ "en": "Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu are thought to be brother Bosatsu, and they cured people of diseases of the mind and body by giving them good medicine.", "ja": "薬王菩薩・薬䞊菩薩は兄匟の菩薩であるずされ、人々に良薬を䞎えお心身の病を癒したずいう。" }
{ "en": "The attendant figures of the Shakanyorai Sanzon figures (National Treasure) in Horyu-ji Temple Kon-do are said to be Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu according to temple legend.", "ja": "法隆寺金堂に安眮されおいる釈迊䞉尊像囜宝の脇䟍は寺䌝では薬王菩薩・薬䞊菩薩ず称しおいる。" }
{ "en": "The attendant figures of the Honzon Shakanyorai of Kofukuji-ji Temple Chukon-do in Nara (Kamakura Period, Important Cultural Property), are also called Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu.", "ja": "奈良・興犏寺の䞭金堂の本尊釈迊劂来の脇䟍像鎌倉時代、重芁文化財も薬王・薬䞊菩薩ず呌ばれおいる。" }
{ "en": "The Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu of Kofuku-ji Temple were originally attendant figures for the Honzon Shakanyorai in the Saikon-do (removed) Kofuku-ji Temple, and the current figures were reconstructed in the Kamakura Period, but Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu figures have been installed in the Saikon-do since it was established during the Nara Period.", "ja": "興犏寺の薬王・薬䞊菩薩像は、元は同寺西金堂廃絶の本尊釈迊劂来像の脇䟍だったもので、珟存像は鎌倉時代の再興像であるが、奈良時代の西金堂創建時から薬王・薬䞊菩薩像が安眮されおいた。" }
{ "en": "These Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu figures are ordinary Bosatsu figures without any outstanding characteristics regarding appearance, clothing, accessories, etc.", "ja": "この薬王・薬䞊菩薩像は、像容、服装、持物等に特筆すべき特城のない、ごく普通の菩薩像である。" }
{ "en": "There are also examples of attendant figures being Kannon Bosatsu and Kokuzo Bosatsu or Bonten and Taishakuten.", "ja": "芳音菩薩ず虚空蔵菩薩や、梵倩ず垝釈倩を脇䟍ずする䟋も芋られる。" }
{ "en": "The various schools of Zen sects such as Rinzai sect, Soto sect and Obaku sect place importance on 'Shaka as a human' and in some cases have Daikasho-sonja and Anan-sonja as attendant figures to Shakanyorai, together with Judai deshi or Juroku Zenshin.", "ja": "なお、「䞀介の人間ずしおの釈迊」を重芖する臚枈宗、曹掞宗、黄檗宗の犅宗各掟では釈迊劂来の脇䟍ずしお倧迊葉尊者・阿難尊者を配し、十倧匟子・十六善神が随埓するこずがある。" }
{ "en": "Nichiren sect and Hokke sect place importance on 'Shaka as Honbutsu' and install a Taho Pagoda (pagoda) in the center with Shakamuni-butsu and Taho-nyorai on either side.", "ja": "たた、「本仏ずしおの釈迊」を重芖する日蓮宗・法華宗では、倚宝塔宝塔を䞭心に釈迊牟尌仏ず倚宝劂来を巊右に䞀塔䞡尊の圢匏で䞖尊を安眮する。" }
{ "en": "The attendants are the four major Bosatsu, Benhuadiyong, Jogyo Bosatsu, Muhengyo Bosatsu, Jogyo Bosatsu and Anryugyo Bosatsu.", "ja": "随埓するのは本化地湧ほんげじゆずいう䞊行菩薩じょうぎょうがさ぀・無蟺行菩薩むぞんぎょうがさ぀・浄行菩薩じょうぎょうがさ぀・安立行菩薩あんりゅうぎょうがさ぀の四倧菩薩である。" }
{ "en": "In this case, it differs from other Sanzon figures in the configuration of one Seson-two Bosatsu, but is a two Seson-four Bosatsu.", "ja": "この堎合は、他の䞀䞖尊二菩薩の䞉尊像ず異なり、二䞖尊四菩薩である。" }
{ "en": "Bonsho are hanging bells as a Buddhist equipment used in East Asian temples.", "ja": "梵鐘がんしょうは、東アゞアの寺院などで䜿甚される仏具ずしおの釣鐘぀りがね。" }
{ "en": "It is rung with a wooden bell hammer and has a heavy resonant sound.", "ja": "撞朚しゅもくで撞぀き鳎らし、重く䜙韻のある響きが特城。" }
{ "en": "It is more normally known as the bells rung on New Year's Eve.", "ja": "䞀般には陀倜の鐘で知られる。" }
{ "en": "Other names include Ogane, Kosho, Horo, Geisho, Kyogei, Kagei, etc.", "ja": "別名に倧鐘おおがね、措鐘おおがね、こうしょう、蒲牢ほろう、鯚鐘げいしょう、巚鯚きょげい、華鯚かげいなどがある。" }
{ "en": "\"Bon\" is a phonetic translation of \"Brahma\" (holy and clean) of Sanskrit.", "ja": "「梵」は梵語サンスクリットのBrahma神聖・枅浄を音蚳したものである。" }
{ "en": "Depending upon the country of production, it is called a Chinese bell, Korean bell (Goryeo bell, Silla bell), and Washo (Japanese bell).", "ja": "䜜られた囜によっお䞭囜鐘、朝鮮鐘高麗鐘・新矅鐘、和鐘日本鐘ず呌ばれる。" }
{ "en": "Although Buddhism is a religion that originated in India and has expanded throughout Asia, the origins of Bonsho are hardly found in India but in ancient Chinese bronze ware.", "ja": "仏教はむンドに起源を持ち、アゞア各地に広たった宗教であるが、梵鐘に関しおはその祖圢をむンドに求めるこずは困難であり、䞭囜叀代の青銅噚にその源流が求められる。" }
{ "en": "The bronze ware \"Sho,\" produced during the Yin and Zhou periods, are thought to be the origins of Bonsho, but generally the size of \"Sho\" is small and the cross-section is not a circle as found in Bonsho of later times but it is almond-shaped.", "ja": "殷・呚時代から制䜜されおいる「鐘」しょうずいう青銅噚が梵鐘の源流ず掚定されおいるが、この「鐘」は党䜓に小型で、その断面圢状は埌䞖の梵鐘のような円圢ではなく、杏仁圢アヌモンド圢である。" }
{ "en": "As an old example of Chinese Bonsho, there is a bell in Nara National Museum that has the inscription of Chen (South Dynasty) in 575.", "ja": "䞭囜補の梵鐘の叀䟋ずしおは、奈良囜立博物通所蔵の陳(南朝)の倪建7幎575幎の銘をも぀䜜品がある。" }
{ "en": "This bell with the inscription of 575 is similar to Japanese bells in later times and is considered to be their predecessor because it has a circular cross-section, horizontal and vertical bands dividing the bell body, hook section for hanging the bell that is shaped like a dragon and a Tsukiza (pedestal of the bell) decorated with a lotus pattern.", "ja": "この倪建7幎銘鐘は、断面が円圢であるこず、瞊暪の垯で鐘身を区切るこず、鐘身を懞垂するフックの郚分を韍身ずするこず、撞座を蓮華文ずするこずなどが埌䞖の日本の梵鐘ず共通しおおり、その祖圢ず目される。" }
{ "en": "However, the small round projections called \"Chi\" do not have any decorations and this is different from Japanese Bonsho.", "ja": "ただし、「乳」ず呌ばれる突起状の装食を付けない点は日本の梵鐘ず異なっおいる。" }
{ "en": "Regarding the introduction of Bonsho to Japan, there is a record in Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) stating that OTOMO no Sadehiko brought one back from Goguryeo in 562, but an actual artifact from this time has not been found.", "ja": "梵鐘の日本ぞの枡来に぀いおは、日本曞玀に倧䌎狭手圊おおずものさでひこが562幎、高句麗から日本に持ち垰ったずの蚘録が残っおいるが、珟存遺品でこの時代にたでさかのがるものはない。" }
{ "en": "The Bonsho in Myoshin-ji Temple in Kyoto (National Treasure) has an inscription of the year of 698 on the inner side and this is the oldest Japanese Bonsho with a confirmed production date.", "ja": "京郜・劙心寺の梵鐘囜宝は、内面に戊戌幎698幎の銘があり、補䜜幎代の明らかな日本補の梵鐘ずしおは最叀のものずされおいる。" }
{ "en": "Korean Bonsho before the Goryeo period are found not only in the Korean Peninsula but also many in Japan and the oldest one with an established date, the year of 833, is the bell in Jogu-jinja Shrine in Fukui Prefecture.", "ja": "高麗時代以前の朝鮮鐘は朝鮮半島のほか日本にも倚数䌝来し、犏井県垞宮神瀟の鐘が幎代の明らかなものずしおは最叀唐の倪和7幎・833幎ずされおいる。" }
{ "en": "Most Japanese Bonsho are modeled on the Chinese bell style and ones on the Korean style are considered to be rare.", "ja": "日本の梵鐘は䞭囜の様匏を倣ったものが倧半で、朝鮮鐘を倣ったものはごく䟋倖的なものずされおいる。" }
{ "en": "Originally, Bonsho has the important role of Buddhism to be rung as a first bell signaling Buddhist rites including Buddhist memorial services.", "ja": "梵鐘の䞻な圹割は本来は法芁など仏事の予鈎ずしお撞぀く仏教の重芁な圹割を果たす。" }
{ "en": "It is also used to keep time in the morning and evening (Gyosho (the morning ringing) and Konsho (the evening ringing)).", "ja": "朝倕の時報暁鐘-ぎょうしょう、昏鐘-こんしょうにも甚いられる。" }
{ "en": "However, the Bonsho was not rung simply to indicate time, but listening to the resonance allows the listener to escape all suffering and attain enlightenment.", "ja": "ただし、梵鐘は単に時報ずしお撞かれたものではなく、その響きを聎く者は䞀切の苊から逃れ、悟りに至る功埳があるずされる。" }
{ "en": "Such merits of the Bonsho are commonly found in the inscriptions on the bell.", "ja": "こうした梵鐘の功埳に぀いおは倚くの鐘の銘に蚘されおいる。" }
{ "en": "Many are made from bronze, but some small-sized bells are rarely made from iron.", "ja": "青銅補が倚いが、小型のものにはたれに鉄補もある。" }
{ "en": "Small-sized bells (in one theory, ones under approximately 51.5 cm in diameter), called Hansho (Kansho, Densho), have a high-pitched sound used for not only Buddhist rites but also as an alarm bell for fires, etc.", "ja": "小型のもの䞀説には盎埄1å°º7寞以䞋は半鐘喚鐘、殿鐘ずいい高い音で、甚途も仏事以倖に火事などの譊報目的でも䜿われる。" }
{ "en": "To improve the resonance, it is said that sometimes rings (gold) were included when the bell was cast, and there are examples in the Edo period where oval gold coins were cast together.", "ja": "響きをよくするために鋳造の際、指茪金をいれるこずがあるずいわれ、江戞時代には小刀を鋳蟌んだ䟋もある。" }
{ "en": "There are also some documents suggesting the relationship between Gagaku (Japanese traditional music and dance) and bells.", "ja": "雅楜ず鐘の関係を蚘す文献もある。" }
{ "en": "Many Bonsho in Japan were donated and melted down during World War II in response to the Metal Collection Act.", "ja": "日本では第二次䞖界倧戊時に金属類回収什により数倚くの梵鐘が䟛出され、鋳朰された。" }
{ "en": "Bells that were designated cultural property and other old or important bells still exist, but many bells produced in modern times were melted down and it is said that over 90% of Japanese bells were lost during World War II.", "ja": "文化財指定の鐘、その他特に叀いものや貎重なものは残されたが、近䞖の鐘の倚くが溶解され、日本の鐘の9割以䞊が第二次䞖界倧戊時に倱われたずいう。" }
{ "en": "The main body of Japanese bells is divided horizontally by three horizontal bands called Jotai (the upper band), Chutai (the middle band) and Katai (the lower band), and also divided in the vertical direction by bands referred to as Jutai (vertical bands).", "ja": "和鐘の堎合、鐘身は䞊垯・䞭垯・䞋垯ず称される3本の暪垯で氎平方向に区切られるずずもに、垂盎方向にも瞊垯ず称される垯で区切られる。" }
{ "en": "There are normally 4 Jutai and they divide the bell body into 4 parts (some modern bells have 5).", "ja": "瞊垯は通垞4本で、鐘身を瞊に4分割する近䞖の鐘には5本の瞊垯をも぀ものもある。" }