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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments : France , Germany , Italy , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States , thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6 . The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven , or G7 , in 1976 with the addition of Canada . Russia was added to the political forum from 1997 , which the following year became known as the G8 . In March 2014 Russia was suspended following the annexation of Crimea , whereupon the group 's name reverted to the G7 . Certain representatives of G7 countries stated that they would be interested in Russia 's return to the group . However , in 2017 Russia announced that it would permanently leave the political forum G8 . The European Union was represented at the G8 since the 1980s as a `` nonenumerated '' participant , but originally could not host or chair summits . The 40th summit was the first time the European Union was able to host and chair a summit . Collectively , in 2012 the G8 nations comprised 50.1 percent of 2012 global nominal GDP and 40.9 percent of global GDP ( PPP ) . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Charles Peckham Day ( born February 9 , 1976 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , producer , comedian , and musician . He is best known for playing Charlie Kelly on It 's Always Sunny in Philadelphia . On film , he is known for his role as Dale in the films Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) and its 2014 sequel , as well as for his roles in Monsters University ( 2013 ) , Pacific Rim ( 2013 ) , The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) and Fist Fight ( 2017 ) . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> The Sound of Music is a 1965 American musical drama film produced and directed by Robert Wise , and starring Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer , with Richard Haydn and Eleanor Parker . The film is an adaptation of the 1959 stage musical of the same name , composed by Richard Rodgers with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II . The film 's screenplay was written by Ernest Lehman , adapted from the stage musical 's book by Lindsay and Crouse . Based on the memoir The Story of the Trapp Family Singers by Maria von Trapp , the film is about a young Austrian woman studying to become a nun in Salzburg in 1938 who is sent to the villa of a retired naval officer and widower to be governess to his seven children . After bringing and teaching love and music into the lives of the family through kindness and patience , she marries the officer and together with the children they find a way to survive the loss of their homeland through courage and faith . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <Table> <Tr> <Th> Season </Th> <Th> Rule Change </Th> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1891 -- 92 </Td> <Td> The first set of women 's rules is created . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1900 -- 01 </Td> <Td> A dribbler may not shoot for a field goal and may dribble only once , and then with two hands . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1908 -- 09 </Td> <Td> A dribbler is permitted to shoot . The dribble is defined as the `` continuous passage of the ball , '' making the double dribble illegal . Players are disqualified upon committing their fourth personal foul ( women ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1910 -- 11 </Td> <Td> Players are disqualified upon committing their fourth personal foul ( men ) . No coaching is allowed during the progress of the game by anybody connected with either team . A warning is given for the first violation and a free throw is awarded after that . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1917 -- 18 </Td> <Td> Players are disqualified upon committing their fifth personal foul ( women only ) . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1920 -- 21 </Td> <Td> The basket is moved to two feet from the baseline . Previously the players could climb the padded wall to get closer to the basket ( with the new rule the wall is out of bounds ) . A player can re-enter a game once . Before this rule , if a player left the game , he could not re-enter for the rest of the game . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1921 -- 22 </Td> <Td> Running with the ball was changed from a foul to a violation . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1923 -- 24 </Td> <Td> The player fouled must shoot his own free throws . Before this rule , one person usually shot all the free throws for a team . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1928 -- 29 </Td> <Td> The charging foul by the dribbler is introduced . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1930 -- 31 </Td> <Td> A held ball may be called when a closely guarded player is withholding the ball from play for 5 seconds . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1932 -- 33 </Td> <Td> The 10 - second ( mid-court ) line is introduced to reduce stalling ( men only ) . No player with the ball may stand in the free throw lane for more than 3 seconds . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1933 -- 34 </Td> <Td> A player may re-enter a game twice . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1935 -- 36 </Td> <Td> No offensive player ( with or without the ball ) may stand in the free throw lane for more than 3 seconds . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1937 -- 38 </Td> <Td> The center jump after every made basket is eliminated . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1938 -- 39 </Td> <Td> The ball will be thrown in from out of bounds at mid-court by the team shooting a free throw after a technical foul . Previously , the ball was put into play by a center jump after the technical free throw . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1939 -- 40 </Td> <Td> Teams have the option of taking a free throw or taking the ball at midcourt . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1942 -- 43 </Td> <Td> Any player who has yet to foul out , will be allowed to receive a fifth foul in overtime . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1944 -- 45 </Td> <Td> Defensive goaltending is banned . Five personal fouls disqualifies a player ; no extra foul is permitted in overtime ( men ) . Unlimited substitution is allowed . Offensive players can not stand in the free throw lane for more than 3 seconds . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1948 -- 49 </Td> <Td> Coaches are allowed to speak to players during a timeout . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1951 -- 52 </Td> <Td> Games are to be played in four 10 - minute quarters . Previously it was two 20 - minute halves . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1952 -- 53 </Td> <Td> Teams can no longer waive free throws and take the ball at midcourt . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1954 -- 55 </Td> <Td> The one - and - one free throw is introduced allowing a player to take a second free throw if the first one is made . Games return to two 20 - minute halves . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> 1955 -- 56 </Td> <Td> The two - shot penalty in existence for the last 3 minutes of each half is eliminated ; the one - and - one free throw exists for the whole game . </Td> </Tr> <Tr> <Td> | {
"tokens": [
"<Table>",
"<Tr>",
"<Th>",
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"</Th>",
"<Th>",
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"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1891",
"--",
"92",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"The",
"first",
"set",
"of",
"women",
"'s",
"rules",
"is",
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".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1900",
"--",
"01",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"A",
"dribbler",
"may",
"not",
"shoot",
"for",
"a",
"field",
"goal",
"and",
"may",
"dribble",
"only",
"once",
",",
"and",
"then",
"with",
"two",
"hands",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1908",
"--",
"09",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"A",
"dribbler",
"is",
"permitted",
"to",
"shoot",
".",
"The",
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"is",
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"(",
"women",
")",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1910",
"--",
"11",
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"<Td>",
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"are",
"disqualified",
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"(",
"men",
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"with",
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"warning",
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"first",
"violation",
"and",
"a",
"free",
"throw",
"is",
"awarded",
"after",
"that",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1917",
"--",
"18",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"Players",
"are",
"disqualified",
"upon",
"committing",
"their",
"fifth",
"personal",
"foul",
"(",
"women",
"only",
")",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1920",
"--",
"21",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"The",
"basket",
"is",
"moved",
"to",
"two",
"feet",
"from",
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".",
"Previously",
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"the",
"padded",
"wall",
"to",
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"(",
"with",
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"new",
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"wall",
"is",
"out",
"of",
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")",
".",
"A",
"player",
"can",
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".",
"Before",
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"rule",
",",
"if",
"a",
"player",
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",",
"he",
"could",
"not",
"re-enter",
"for",
"the",
"rest",
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"game",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1921",
"--",
"22",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"Running",
"with",
"the",
"ball",
"was",
"changed",
"from",
"a",
"foul",
"to",
"a",
"violation",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1923",
"--",
"24",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"The",
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"own",
"free",
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",",
"one",
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".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1928",
"--",
"29",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"The",
"charging",
"foul",
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"the",
"dribbler",
"is",
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".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1930",
"--",
"31",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"A",
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"ball",
"may",
"be",
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"5",
"seconds",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1932",
"--",
"33",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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"10",
"-",
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"(",
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"line",
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"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1933",
"--",
"34",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"A",
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"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1935",
"--",
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"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1937",
"--",
"38",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
"The",
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".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1938",
"--",
"39",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1939",
"--",
"40",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1942",
"--",
"43",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1944",
"--",
"45",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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"banned",
".",
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";",
"no",
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"(",
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".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1948",
"--",
"49",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
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"-",
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"-",
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"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1952",
"--",
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"<Td>",
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"midcourt",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
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"--",
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"<Td>",
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"-",
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"-",
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"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>",
"1955",
"--",
"56",
"</Td>",
"<Td>",
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"-",
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"-",
"one",
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"the",
"whole",
"game",
".",
"</Td>",
"</Tr>",
"<Tr>",
"<Td>"
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Holloway later renamed his product CornNuts . After Holloway and his sons Maurice and Rich learned of a breed of corn grown in Cusco , Peru ( often referred to as Cuzco corn ) that grew large kernels ( some said to have been bigger than a U.S. quarter coin ) , the company researched developing a hybrid of the Cusco corn that could be grown effectively in California . After a decade of research , the company introduced CornNuts made with the hybrid variety in 1964 . CornNuts sold on the market today are no longer of the large Cusco corn size . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> In September 2001 , the Schwinn Company , its assets , and the rights to the brand , together with that of the GT Bicycle , was purchased at a bankruptcy auction by Pacific Cycle , a company previously known for mass - market brands owned by Wind Point Partners . In 2004 , Pacific Cycle was in turn acquired by Dorel Industries . Once America 's preeminent bicycle manufacturer , the Schwinn brand was now affixed to bicycles fabricated entirely in China , fueling most of its corporate parent 's growth . In 2010 , Dorel launched a major advertising campaign to revive and contemporize the Schwinn brand by associating it with consumer childhood memories of the iconic company , including a wildly popular reintroduction of the Schwinn Sting - Ray . </P> | {
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NaturalQuestionsShort | <P> Shaun Mark Bean ( born 17 April 1959 ) , known professionally as Sean Bean ( / ˈʃɔːn ˈbiːn / ) , is an English actor . After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art , Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of Romeo and Juliet in 1983 . Retaining his Yorkshire accent , he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series Sharpe . Bean has since garnered further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series Game of Thrones , as well as roles in the BBC anthology series Accused and the ITV historical drama series Henry VIII . One of his more recent prominent film roles was Boromir in The Lord of the Rings trilogy ( 2001 -- 03 ) . </P> | {
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