added the test split
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agxqa-test-2024-06-11.jsonl
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{"id": "393", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Table II. Total available water in top 4 feet if soil is at field capacity and minimum balances at physiological maturity. For fine sands, the available water in 1 foot of soil at 100% of available water is 1.0 in/ft, the available water in top 4 feet at 100% of available water is 4.0 in/4 ft, and minimum balance in top 4 feet at 40% of available water is 1.6 in/ft. For loamy sands, the available water in 1 foot of soil at 100% of available water is 1.1 in/ft, the available water in top 4 feet at 100% of available water is 4.4 in/4 ft, and minimum balance in top 4 feet at 40% of available water is 1.8 in/ft. For sandy loams, the available water in 1 foot of soil at 100% of available water is 1.4 in/ft, the available water in top 4 feet at 100% of available water is 5.6 in/4 ft, and minimum balance in top 4 feet at 40% of available water is 2.2 in/ft. ", "question": "what is the minimum balance for water in the top 4ft of fine sand soil at 40% of available water?", "answers": {"answer_start": [358], "text": ["1.6 in/ft"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023a). How to Determine the Chemigation Injection Pump Setting for a Center Pivot with the End Gun Off and On. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/how-determine-chemigation-injection-pump-setting-center-pivot-end-gun-and"}
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{"id": "251", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Thus, the pivot should operate at a 90% timer setting when the end gun is off and slow to 77.4% when it is on to apply the 30 lbs/acre nitrogen both when the end gun is off, as well as when it is on. The water application will be different - 0.29 inches when the end gun is off and about 0.33 inches when it is on - but the nitrogen rate will remain the same with the constant injection rate pump. The concept behind this method is that the pivot will irrigate the same number of acres per hour, thus the lower cost fixed-rate injection pump will work correctly.", "question": "what should the timer setting of the pivot irrigation system be operating at to apply 30 lbs/acre nitrogen when the end gun is off?", "answers": {"answer_start": [36], "text": ["90%"]}, "references": "Divine, D. (2017). An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/overview-seondary-aquifers-nebraska"}
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{"id": "329", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Soil Sensor Install Tips: While other tasks may seem more pressing, early installation of sensors is critical to ensure their proper operation during the later critical growth phases. Early installation helps to minimize root damage, allows time for sensors to acclimate to read actual soil water conditions instead of water within the sensor or slurry, and gives a better chance for proper soil contact. ", "question": "what does the early installation of soil sensors help minimize?", "answers": {"answer_start": [221], "text": ["root damage"]}, "references": "Nygren, A. (2017). Value of Using Sensors to Manage Irrigation and Tips for Proper Installation | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/value-using-sensors-manage-irrigation-and-tips-proper-installation"}
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{"id": "480", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "To learn more about the secondary aquifers of Nebraska, download the Conservation and Survey Division publication titled 'An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska' available at http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/conservationsurvey/138. Questions regarding western Nebraska aquifers may be directed to xxxxx xxxxxx atxxxxxxxxxxxxx; questions regarding eastern Nebraska aquifers may be directed to xxxx xxxxxx atxxxxxxxxxxxxx. ", "question": "what can be downloaded to learn more about the secondary aquifers of Nebraska?", "answers": {"answer_start": [65], "text": [
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{"id": "472", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Many irrigators apply more water than necessary toward the end of the irrigation season because the crop is using less water per day. The crop is getting more mature and the days are getting shorter and cooler. The average crop water use rate drops from around 2.1 inches per week at silking to only about 1.2 inches per week by the full dent stage. This 40% reduction requires irrigators to adjust their thinking about how much water needs to be applied each week. ", "question": "what is the average crop water use reduction percentage between the silking stage and the full dent stage of a crop?", "answers": {"answer_start": [355], "text": ["40%"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2017). Predicting Late-Season Irrigation Needs. UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/predicting-late-season-irrigation-needs"}
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{"id": "509", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Other secondary aquifers in eastern Nebraska include the Niobrara aquifer (230 wells, mostly in Cedar County), the Codell aquifer (70 wells in Knox and Boyd counties), and the Western Interior Plains Aquifer System. Only one active well is currently installed in the Western Interior Plains Aquifer System in Nebraska, but the aquifer system was a historic source of water to the Omaha area, and still supplies huge volumes of water to Iowa and other states to our east. ", "question": "how many active wells are in the Western Interior Plains Aquifer System?", "answers": {"answer_start": [221], "text": ["one"]}, "references": "Divine, D. (2017). An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/overview-seondary-aquifers-nebraska"}
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{"id": "531", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The description of a zone or nozzle control VRI system is that the sprinklers are pulsed on and off and pivot speed may vary and that irrigation management zones may be any shape or size. Considerations for this VRI system are that has greatest flexibility in application, it is more expensive, and may require additional maintenance and management effort. Example uses include avoiding application on irregularly- shaped uncropped areas for water surfaces. It can also vary irrigation on irregularly- shaped management zones as needed to maximize yield and profits. ", "question": "what are some example uses of zone or nozzle control VRI systems?", "answers": {"answer_start": [378], "text": ["avoiding application on irregularly- shaped uncropped areas for water surfaces"]}, "references": "Barker, J. B. (2017). Considerations in Adopting Variable Rate Irrigation for Center Pivots and Lateral Systems. http://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/pdf/ec2000.pdf"}
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{"id": "393", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Table II. Total available water in top 4 feet if soil is at field capacity and minimum balances at physiological maturity. For fine sands, the available water in 1 foot of soil at 100% of available water is 1.0 in/ft, the available water in top 4 feet at 100% of available water is 4.0 in/4 ft, and minimum balance in top 4 feet at 40% of available water is 1.6 in/ft. For loamy sands, the available water in 1 foot of soil at 100% of available water is 1.1 in/ft, the available water in top 4 feet at 100% of available water is 4.4 in/4 ft, and minimum balance in top 4 feet at 40% of available water is 1.8 in/ft. For sandy loams, the available water in 1 foot of soil at 100% of available water is 1.4 in/ft, the available water in top 4 feet at 100% of available water is 5.6 in/4 ft, and minimum balance in top 4 feet at 40% of available water is 2.2 in/ft. ", "question": "what is the minimum balance for water in the top 4ft of fine sand soil at 40% of available water?", "answers": {"answer_start": [358], "text": ["1.6 in/ft"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2023a). How to Determine the Chemigation Injection Pump Setting for a Center Pivot with the End Gun Off and On. UNL CropWatch. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/2023/how-determine-chemigation-injection-pump-setting-center-pivot-end-gun-and"}
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{"id": "251", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Thus, the pivot should operate at a 90% timer setting when the end gun is off and slow to 77.4% when it is on to apply the 30 lbs/acre nitrogen both when the end gun is off, as well as when it is on. The water application will be different - 0.29 inches when the end gun is off and about 0.33 inches when it is on - but the nitrogen rate will remain the same with the constant injection rate pump. The concept behind this method is that the pivot will irrigate the same number of acres per hour, thus the lower cost fixed-rate injection pump will work correctly.", "question": "what should the timer setting of the pivot irrigation system be operating at to apply 30 lbs/acre nitrogen when the end gun is off?", "answers": {"answer_start": [36], "text": ["90%"]}, "references": "Divine, D. (2017). An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/overview-seondary-aquifers-nebraska"}
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{"id": "329", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Soil Sensor Install Tips: While other tasks may seem more pressing, early installation of sensors is critical to ensure their proper operation during the later critical growth phases. Early installation helps to minimize root damage, allows time for sensors to acclimate to read actual soil water conditions instead of water within the sensor or slurry, and gives a better chance for proper soil contact. ", "question": "what does the early installation of soil sensors help minimize?", "answers": {"answer_start": [221], "text": ["root damage"]}, "references": "Nygren, A. (2017). Value of Using Sensors to Manage Irrigation and Tips for Proper Installation | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/value-using-sensors-manage-irrigation-and-tips-proper-installation"}
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{"id": "480", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "To learn more about the secondary aquifers of Nebraska, download the Conservation and Survey Division publication titled 'An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska' available at http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/conservationsurvey/138. Questions regarding western Nebraska aquifers may be directed to xxxxx xxxxxx atxxxxxxxxxxxxx; questions regarding eastern Nebraska aquifers may be directed to xxxx xxxxxx atxxxxxxxxxxxxx. ", "question": "what can be downloaded to learn more about the secondary aquifers of Nebraska?", "answers": {"answer_start": [65], "text": ["the Conservation and Survey Division publication titled 'An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska'"]}, "references": "Divine, D. (2017). An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/overview-seondary-aquifers-nebraska"}
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{"id": "472", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Many irrigators apply more water than necessary toward the end of the irrigation season because the crop is using less water per day. The crop is getting more mature and the days are getting shorter and cooler. The average crop water use rate drops from around 2.1 inches per week at silking to only about 1.2 inches per week by the full dent stage. This 40% reduction requires irrigators to adjust their thinking about how much water needs to be applied each week. ", "question": "what is the average crop water use reduction percentage between the silking stage and the full dent stage of a crop?", "answers": {"answer_start": [355], "text": ["40%"]}, "references": "Melvin, S. (2017). Predicting Late-Season Irrigation Needs. UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/predicting-late-season-irrigation-needs"}
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{"id": "509", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "Other secondary aquifers in eastern Nebraska include the Niobrara aquifer (230 wells, mostly in Cedar County), the Codell aquifer (70 wells in Knox and Boyd counties), and the Western Interior Plains Aquifer System. Only one active well is currently installed in the Western Interior Plains Aquifer System in Nebraska, but the aquifer system was a historic source of water to the Omaha area, and still supplies huge volumes of water to Iowa and other states to our east. ", "question": "how many active wells are in the Western Interior Plains Aquifer System?", "answers": {"answer_start": [221], "text": ["one"]}, "references": "Divine, D. (2017). An Overview of Secondary Aquifers in Nebraska | UNL Water. https://water.unl.edu/article/agricultural-irrigation/overview-seondary-aquifers-nebraska"}
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{"id": "531", "category": "Irrigation", "context": "The description of a zone or nozzle control VRI system is that the sprinklers are pulsed on and off and pivot speed may vary and that irrigation management zones may be any shape or size. Considerations for this VRI system are that has greatest flexibility in application, it is more expensive, and may require additional maintenance and management effort. Example uses include avoiding application on irregularly- shaped uncropped areas for water surfaces. It can also vary irrigation on irregularly- shaped management zones as needed to maximize yield and profits. ", "question": "what are some example uses of zone or nozzle control VRI systems?", "answers": {"answer_start": [378], "text": ["avoiding application on irregularly- shaped uncropped areas for water surfaces"]}, "references": "Barker, J. B. (2017). Considerations in Adopting Variable Rate Irrigation for Center Pivots and Lateral Systems. http://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/pdf/ec2000.pdf"}
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