tokens: The patients with VACTERL association had a significantly higher number of male patients ( 58.3 vs. 37.0 % , p = .033 ) and single umbilical artery ( 11.1 vs. 1.7 % , p = .026 ) , and had a significantly lower birth weight ( 2.8 vs. 3.1 kg , p = .033 ) than the patients without VACTERL association .