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23574047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spent%20Bullets | Spent Bullets | Spent Bullets is the second studio album by Adam Franklin.
Track listing
All tracks by Adam Franklin
"Surge" – 3:01
"Teardrops Keep Fallin' Out My Head" – 3:01
"Bolts of Melody" – 4:59
"Autumn Leaf" – 3:30
"Winter Girls" – 4:03
"It Hurts to See You Go" – 4:10
"Big Sur" – 3:27
"Champs" – 4:05
"End Credits" – 2:44
"Two Dollar Dress" – 3:34
Personnel
Adam Franklin – bass, guitar, composer, keyboards, vocals, producer, mixing, cover design
Locksley Taylor – guitar, piano, cover design, guitar engineer, bass engineer, piano engineer, keyboard engineer
Jeff Townsin – drums
Josh Stoddard - bass
Charlie Francis – producer, mixing, vocal engineer, bass engineer
Robin Proper-Sheppard - drums engineer
Tim Turan – mastering
Mary Gunn – layout design
Stephen Judge – management
References
Adam Franklin albums
2009 albums |
23574049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leak%20at%20Will | Leak at Will | Leak At Will is a digital EP released by Minneapolis hip hop group Atmosphere. It was released on July 4, 2009 on Rhymesayers Entertainment for free to celebrate the launch of Fifth Element's turn to digital music. It is the first digital release for the store.
Background
According to Atmosphere, this 7-track EP is a "thank you" for the support the fans have given the band.
The last track is a reiteration of De La Soul's 1991 track "Millie Pulled a Pistol on Santa/Keepin' the Faith".
Track list
"C'mon"
"They Always Know"
"The Ropes"
"White Noise"
"Feel Good Hit of the Summer Part 2" (Queens Of The Stone Age, Part 1)
"Mother's Day"
"Millie Fell Off the Fire Escape" - the continuation of De La Soul's "Millie Pulled a Pistol on Santa"
References
Atmosphere (music group) albums
Rhymesayers Entertainment EPs |
23574053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer%20%28surname%29 | Wafer (surname) | Wafer (Weafer, Weaver) is an English surname, and may refer to
Jeremy Wafer (born 1952), South African Artist
Ken Weafer (1913–2005), American baseball player and second cousin of Jeremy Wafer
Von Wafer (born 1985), American Basketball player
See also
Wafer (electronics)
Wafer (cooking)
Weaver (disambiguation), an English variant
Wever (disambiguation), a Dutch variant
Weber, a German variant
Webber (surname), an English variant |
17334827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20in%20Paraguayan%20football | 2008 in Paraguayan football | The following article presents a summary of the 2008 association football season in Paraguay. One of the most noticeable changes in the 2008 season is that the first division tournament will not longer have a single champion for the year; instead there will be two champions in the season, one being the winner of the Apertura tournament and the other being the winner of the Clausura tournament.
First division results
The first division tournament was divided in two sections: the Apertura and the Clausura and had 12 teams participating in a two round all-play-all system. The team with the most points at the end of the two rounds was crowned as the champion.
Torneo Apertura
Torneo Clausura
Aggregate table
Qualification to international competitions
Libertad qualified to the 2009 Copa Libertadores (by winning the Torneo Apertura and Clausura) and the 2009 Copa Sudamericana.
Club Guaraní qualified to the 2009 Copa Libertadores as the second best finisher in the aggregate points table.
Nacional qualified to the 2009 Copa Libertadores as the third best finisher in the aggregate points table.
Cerro Porteño qualified to the 2009 Copa Sudamericana as the fourth best finisher in the aggregate points table.
Relegation
The team with the worst average points over the last three years is automatically relegated to the second division league, and the second-worst team plays a playoff match against the second division runner-up.
The winner of the playoff match plays in the first division the following year.
Last Updated: December 24, 2008. * League Stats
Promotion game
The promotion was played between 3 de Febrero and the second division runner-up General Caballero ZC. The first game ended with a 3-0 score favorable to 3 de Febrero, while the second finished 2-1 in favor of General Caballero. Since the aggregate score was 4-2 for 3 de Febrero, they remain in the first division.
Paraguayan teams in international competitions
Paraguay national team
The following table lists all the games played by the Paraguay national football team in official competitions during 2008.
KEY: F = Friendly match; WCQ2010 = 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
References
External links
Paraguay 2008 by Eli Schmerler and Juan Pablo Andrés at RSSSF
Diario ABC Color
Seasons in Paraguayan football |
6900337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Highway%20321 | Arkansas Highway 321 | Highway 321 (AR 321, Ark. 321, Hwy. 321) is a designation for two north–south state highways in central Arkansas. One route of runs from Highway 5/Highway 367 in Cabot north to Highway 38 east of Austin. A second route of begins at AR 31 north of Beebe and runs north to Highway 267.
Route description
Cabot to Austin
Highway 321 begins near an exit from US 67/US 167 (Future I-57) at Highway 5 and Highway 367 in Cabot. The route intersects Highway 89 in south Cabot before exiting the city and running due east. Near Oak Grove the route turns due north, with Highway 321 Spur (AR 321S) continuing east to Highway 31. A 2010 study of annual average daily traffic (AADT) by the Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) reveals that about 19,000 vehicles per day (VPD) use the route between its southern terminus and Highway 89/Highway 367, with the traffic count dropping to 7,000 VPD between that junction and the Cabot city limits. Traffic counts continue around 2,500 VPD until the Highway 321S junction, then drop to 2,100 VPD for the remainder of the route.
Beebe to Essex
Highway 321 begins north of Beebe at Highway 31. The route runs north, having a junction with Highway 321 Spur and passing through Essex. The highway continues north and terminates at Highway 267. An AHTD traffic count from 2010 reveals that the average annual daily traffic never exceeds 640 vehicles per day anywhere on the route.
Major intersections
Special routes
Lonoke County spur
Highway 321 Spur (AR 321S, Ark. 321S, and Hwy. 321S) is an east–west state highway spur route in Lonoke County. The route of serves as a connector between Highway 321 and Highway 31.
Major intersections
White County spur
Highway 321 Spur (AR 321S, Ark. 321S, and Hwy. 321S) is an east–west state highway spur route in White County. The route of serves as a short connector between Highway 321 and Highway 31.
Major intersections
See also
List of state highways in Arkansas
References
External links
321
Transportation in Lonoke County, Arkansas
Transportation in White County, Arkansas |
17334832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athgo | Athgo | Athgo International is an apolitical, not-for-profit organization that seeks to bring together people from ages 18 to 32 to take action in one of three focus areas: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and High Tech, Environment and Energy, and Governance. Athgo was established in 1999 as an acronym for "Alliance Toward Harnessing Global Opportunities." In April 2008, the organization dropped the acronym, and became known simply as Athgo.
Focus Areas
The ICTs and High Tech focus area emphasizes that a rigorous academic syllabus is a prerequisite for technological advancements in the world’s developing economies. Past events that focused on this area are: “Bridging the Development Gap: Sustainable Growth in Information and Communication Technologies and Hi-tech through Education ” and “Information and Communication Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges in Landlocked Developing Countries,” both of which were held at the American University of Armenia. The 2007 Global Leadership and Innovation Summit, on the other hand, was held in Geneva, Switzerland.
Environment and Energy focus area is aimed at promoting environmental awareness and encouraging participants to consider alternative forms of power. In the past, two events that are related to this focus area have been held. The first: “Global Warming: Change Your Attitude! Not the Weather,” was hosted by the University of California, Los Angeles, CA; while “Global Third Way: Becoming One with the Environment” was held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, NY
Scholar Network
Apart from the three focus areas covered by Athgo, the organization also encourages its outstanding alumni to keep close contact, by joining a distinguished group of people in the Scholar Network.
Meanwhile, in order to be recognized as an alumnus/a of Athgo, participants in any event of the three focus areas will have to complete a written assignment that relates to theme of the event attended. Momentarily, Athgo selects the top ten participants based on the quality of his/her peer evaluations, group participation, and writing sample.
Thenceforth, scholarship winners are invited to join other distinguished alumni and associates of Athgo at the Scholar Network, a distinction that prequalifies its holder to attend the most valued convention organized by Athgo, The Global Leadership and Innovation Summit. More so, members of the Scholar Network are provided with full funding to work at the Innovation and Capacity Building Centers, a state-of-the-art research facility that is suitable for conducting research on entrepreneurship, and developing actable public policies.
Affiliations
Athgo draws its support from international bodies, academia, private organizations, businesses, and its alumni. Below is a compacted list of some of the organizations that ATHGO has partnered with and/or have received funding from.
International Bodies
World Bank Group
World Intellectual Property Organization
UN Global Compact
UN’s Global Alliance for ICT and Development (GAID)
UN Permanent Missions and Embassies
Academia
American University of Armenia
Boston College
Centre of International Studies, Cambridge, UK
Columbia University
Concordia University, Canada
Cornell University
Georgetown University
Johns Hopkins University
London School of Economics, UK
McGill University, Canada
Royal Military College of Canada
Seton Hall University
Stanford University
Sydney University, Australia
Tambov Technical University, Russia
United Nations University
University of California, Los Angeles
University of Bergamo, Italy
University of Bradford, UK
University of California, Berkeley
University of Edinburgh, UK
University of Genoa, Italy
University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
University of Southern California
University of Vienna, Austria
University of Waterloo, Canada
University of York, UK
United States Naval Academy, Maryland
Yerevan State University, Armenia
Private Organizations
Campus Climate Challenge
The Climate Project
Development Gateway Foundation
Mertz Gilmore Foundation
Businesses
AECOM
British Petroleum (BP)
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Electronics Recycler
MWH
Nestlé USA
Northrop Grumman Corporation
VivaCell
Waste Management
Fortune 500
Enterprise Incubator Foundation
References
Organizations based in California |
17334845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan%20Imbi | Jalan Imbi | Jalan Imbi is a major road in Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Route
It runs in a southwest-northeast direction, from the intersection with Jalan Pudu (near the former site of Pudu Jail), through Berjaya Times Square, the Imbi Monorail station and Parkroyal hotel and terminates at the junction with Jalan Bukit Bintang, in front of the Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera headquarters.
List of junctions
Roads in Kuala Lumpur |
17334860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrim%20Lutheran%20School%2C%20Chicago | Pilgrim Lutheran School, Chicago | Pilgrim Lutheran School, Chicago, is a Lutheran private school affiliated with Pilgrim Lutheran Church in Chicago, Illinois. Collectively, the church and school are referred to as Pilgrim Lutheran Church and School.
About the school
Pilgrim Lutheran School is a private preschool and elementary school located at 4300 North Winchester on Chicago's North Side. Students begin at age three and continue through 8th grade.
The school was founded as a summer school in 1920. In 1921, it became a year-round school. Today, headed by Principal Chris Comella, Pilgrim's enrollment averages about 160 students.
The school is fully accredited by the Evangelical Lutheran Education Association and has earned recognition by the Illinois State Board of Education.
About the church
Pilgrim Lutheran Church is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
School philosophy
The stated philosophy of Pilgrim Lutheran School is:
Admissions policy
Pilgrim admits students of any race, color or national and ethnic origin.
Pilgrim Kids Care
Pilgrim Kids Care is a program at Pilgrim Lutheran School that teaches social responsibility through action. Students participate in year-round projects to unite the community in awareness of the prevalence of youth hunger and homelessness.
References
External links
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America schools
Private elementary schools in Chicago
Lutheran schools in Illinois
Private middle schools in Chicago |
17334862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Ludwig%20von%20Phull | Karl Ludwig von Phull | Karl Ludwig August Friedrich von Phull (or Pfuel) (6 November 1757 – 25 April 1826) was a German general in the service of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Russian Empire. Phull served as Chief of the General Staff of King Frederick William III of Prussia in the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt. While in Russian service, he successfully advocated for a scorched earth policy during Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
Family
Phull was born in Ludwigsburg to the Württemberg-line of the Pfuel family of Brandenburg. He was the son of the Swabian general Carl Ludwig Wilhelm August von Phull (1723–1793) and Auguste Wilhelmine von Keßlau (1734–1768).
Phull's first marriage was in Potsdam on 2 May 1790 to Henriette Luise Charlotte von Beguelin (1763–1810), but they divorced in 1800. They had one daughter, Emilie Hernriette (1792–1864). Phull remarried on 18 September 1801 to Charlotte Poths (1766–1808), but this second marriage ended in 1803. Phull and Poths had one son, Eugen (1801–1857). Phull married for a third time in Berlin on 4 October 1810 to Sabine Henriette von Wedel (ca. 1773–1840), but this marriage also ended in separation.
Career
Phull entered the Prussian Army in 1777, serving near King Frederick II and becoming a member of the Prussian General Staff in 1781. Having participated in the Rhine campaign of 1793 in the First Coalition, he was promoted to Oberst in 1798 and Generalmajor in 1805. As the Departementschef of the General Staff since 1804, he was Frederick William III's chief of staff during the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806.
As a result of the Prussian collapse in the Fourth Coalition, Frederick William sent Phull to serve Tsar Alexander I of Russia. Phull won the confidence of the Russian emperor, was promoted to major general in the Russian Army, and instructed Alexander in military strategy. In 1809, Phull was promoted to lieutenant general.
It is disputed how involved Phull was in the Russian decision to adopt a scorched earth policy during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. After Napoleon took Moscow on 14 September 1812, Phull was denounced by many Russian officers. He had
to flee through Sweden to Britain. But the merits of his advice were later recognized. In a letter to Phull on 12 December 1813, Tsar Alexander wrote "C'est vous qui avez conçu le plan qui, avec l'aide de la providence, a eu pour suite le salut de la Russie et celui de l'Europe." ("It is you who conceived the plan which, with the help of Providence, had as a result the salvation of Russia and that of Europe").
In 1813, Phull advised Prince Frederik of the Netherlands in The Hague. After the fall of Paris in 1814, Phull was named Russian ambassador in The Hague and Brussels; his witty third wife, Sabine Henriette von Wedel, headed a popular household in Brussels. After Sabine became emotionally unstable, Phull retired to Stuttgart in 1821, where he died five years later.
Phull's involvement with the Russian campaign in 1812 is included in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, in which the general is known as Pfuel.
Notes
ReferencesAllgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' (ADB). Bd. 26, Leipzig 1888
1757 births
1826 deaths
Prussian nobility
Prussian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Russian people of German descent
People from Ludwigsburg
People from the Duchy of Württemberg
Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
German military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French invasion of Russia
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class) |
23574062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musashimaru%20K%C5%8Dy%C5%8D | Musashimaru Kōyō | is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler. He was born in American Samoa, before moving to Hawaii at the age of 10. At 18 he moved to Japan and made his professional sumo debut in 1989, reaching the top makuuchi division in 1991. After reaching the rank of ōzeki in 1994 his progress seemed to stall, but in 1999 he became only the second foreign-born wrestler in history to reach the sport's highest rank of yokozuna. Musashimaru won over 700 top division bouts and took twelve top division tournament championships during his career. His sheer bulk combined with of height made him a formidable opponent, and he was remarkably consistent and injury-free for most of his career. An amiable personality, his fan base was helped by a surprising facial resemblance to Japanese warrior hero Saigō Takamori. After becoming a Japanese national and retiring in 2003, he became an elder of the Japan Sumo Association and founded the Musashigawa stable in 2013.
Early career
Fiamalu Penitani was born in American Samoa, the fourth son of a German Tongan father and a Portuguese Samoan mother. The family moved to Oahu, Hawaii when he was ten years old. While attending Waianae High School in Waianae he played American football and was offered a scholarship to Pasadena City College, but he also had success in Greco-Roman wrestling, and his wrestling coach encouraged him to give sumo a try. He moved to Japan and joined former yokozuna Mienoumi's Musashigawa stable in June 1989, initially on a trial basis only. This proved to be successful and he formally made his professional debut that September, adopting the shikona or ring name of Musashimaru Kōyō. He moved up the ranks quickly, becoming an elite sekitori wrestler in July 1991 upon promotion to the jūryō division. He reached the top makuuchi division just two tournaments later in November 1991. He made komusubi in May 1992 and sekiwake in July. After a superb 13–2 record and runner-up honors in November 1993, and a 12–3 score the following January, he was promoted to ōzeki alongside Takanonami.
Ōzeki
Musashimaru was ranked as an ōzeki for 32 tournaments. He showed great consistency, never missing any bouts through injury and always getting at least eight wins. However, he was unable to gain the successive championships needed to become a yokozuna. Musashimaru took his first top division championship (yūshō) in July 1994 with a perfect 15–0 record, but in the following tournament he could manage only 11 wins and Takanohana overtook him to become yokozuna at the end of the year, joining Akebono who had become the first foreign born yokozuna in 1993. Musashimaru seemed content just to maintain his rank, not winning another title until November 1996. Takanohana was absent from this tournament and Musashimaru won it after a five way playoff with a score of 11–4, the lowest number of wins needed to take a top division title since 1972. His third championship came in January 1998.
Yokozuna
In 1999, with Akebono and Takanohana both struggling with injury and loss of form, Musashimaru suddenly came alive with two consecutive tournament wins in March and May 1999 to earn promotion to yokozuna. There was little of the controversy that surrounded previous promotion drives by foreign wrestlers such as Konishiki, and Musashimaru's record of never having missed a bout in his career was praised by the Yokozuna Deliberation Council. After a respectable 12–3 performance in his yokozuna debut, he won two further titles that year. However, in January 2000 he had to pull out of the tournament with an injury on the fourth day, bringing to an end his record run of 55 consecutive tournaments with a majority of wins, dating from his 6–1 score in the makushita division in November 1990. This kachi-koshi run ended just one tournament short of Kitanoumi's top division record. Akebono returned to form in 2000, and Musashimaru was also sidelined with injury in May. He won just one title that year, in September, although it was one of his most impressive results as he won his first 14 matches, just failing on the last day to become the first wrestler in four years to win with a perfect record. In 2001, although he did not have the injury problems of the previous year, he lost two playoffs to Takanohana in January and May, and had a mere 9–6 record in September, giving away five kinboshi to maegashira ranked wrestlers, an all-time record for a single tournament. He had to wait until November 2001 for his ninth title. In 2002, with Takanohana sidelined through injury, Musashimaru was dominant. Although he missed most of the January 2002 tournament after injuring himself against Kyokushūzan on the third day, he won three tournaments that year, making 2002 his most successful year since 1999. His victory over the returning Takanohana in September 2002 was his twelfth and final championship and was also the last time either man would complete a tournament, making it the end of an era.
Retirement from sumo
In November 2002 Musashimaru tore a tendon in his left wrist, an injury which proved to be career-ending. Forced to withdraw from that tournament, the chronic problem restricted him to just a handful of appearances in the whole of 2003. Overshadowed by new yokozuna Asashōryū, he entered the July tournament but pulled out after just six days. He did not compete again until November, when after suffering his fourth defeat on the seventh day, he announced his retirement. In an interview on November 16, 2003, he revealed that he had also injured his neck while playing American football in high school and had been unable to move his left shoulder properly. Musashimaru was the last Hawaiian wrestler in sumo, ending a dynasty that began with Takamiyama in 1964 and at one point in 1996 saw four from the islands ranked in the top division. During his career he had won a total of twelve top division championships, one more than Akebono, and also won over 700 top division bouts, one of only six wrestlers to have achieved that feat to date. He officially retired on October 2, 2004, when he had his danpatsu-shiki, or retirement ceremony, at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan.
Musashimaru has remained in the sumo world as an oyakata, or coach. He did not initially acquire a permanent elder (toshiyori) name, going instead under the name of Musashimaru Oyakata, which as a former yokozuna he was entitled to do for a period of five years after retirement. In October 2008 he began using the name , and he then switched to the elder name of former ozeki Asahikuni in August 2012. In December 2012 it was announced that he would inherit the prestigious name upon his old stablemaster's retirement in February 2013, at which time he opened his own stable of wrestlers, Musashigawa. This is not to be confused with the stable he fought out of as an active wrestler, which has since been renamed Fujishima stable. The stable has 19 wrestlers as of May 2021, and had previously included his nephew, who reached the makushita division and became the highest ranking member of the stable before retiring in 2019.
He appeared alongside Brad Pitt (who was playing his personal assistant) in two commercials for Softbank, a Japanese mobile phone company, in July 2009. They were directed by Spike Jonze.
Personal life
In April 2008 Musashimaru married a hula dance instructor from Tokyo and the wedding ceremony took place in August 2008 in Hawaii. The couple have one son. In April 2017 he fell ill while golfing in Nara and underwent a kidney transplant, with his wife as the donor.
Fighting style
In addition to his great size and strength, Musashimaru had a low center of gravity and excellent balance, which made him very difficult to beat. Earlier in his career he favored pushing and thrusting (tsuki/oshi) techniques, but he also began to fight more on the mawashi, simply wearing his smaller opponents out with his huge inertia. He usually used a migi-yotsu (left hand outside, right hand inside) grip. His most common winning technique or kimarite was oshidashi (push out), closely followed by yorikiri (force out). Together these two techniques accounted for about 60 percent of his career wins.
Career record
See also
List of yokozuna
List of sumo tournament top division champions
List of sumo tournament top division runners-up
List of sumo tournament second division champions
List of sumo record holders
Glossary of sumo terms
List of non-Japanese sumo wrestlers
List of heaviest sumo wrestlers
List of past sumo wrestlers
List of sumo elders
References
Further reading
External links
1971 births
Living people
American emigrants to Japan
American people of German descent
American people of Portuguese descent
American people of Samoan descent
American people of Tongan descent
Japanese people of German descent
Japanese people of Portuguese descent
Japanese people of Samoan descent
Japanese people of Tongan descent
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Naturalized citizens of Japan
Sportspeople from Hawaii
Yokozuna |
23574090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1sn%C3%A1%20Ves | Krásná Ves | Krásná Ves is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Krásná Ves is from 1388.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krnsko | Krnsko | Krnsko is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Řehnice is an administrative part of Krnov.
Geography
Krnsko is located about southwest of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague. It lies on the Jizera River.
History
The first written mention of Krnsko is from 1360 and of Řehnice from 1319.
Sights
The railway bridge in Krnsko, Stránovský viaduct, was built in 1924 and has been protected as a technical monument. The length of the bridge is and the maximum height above the lowest point of the bridge is up to .
Gallery
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Eadon%20Leader | Robert Eadon Leader | Robert Eadon Leader (2 January 1839 – 18 April 1922) was a journalist, Liberal activist, and historian. He published many books on the history of the Sheffield area.
He was the son of Robert Leader, Alderman and Town Trustee, and proprietor of the Sheffield and Rotherham Independent newspaper. Educated at New College London he joined his elder brother, John Daniel Leader, and father at the Sheffield Independent. In 1864 he married his second cousin Emily Sarah Pye-Smith (both were great-grandchildren of John Pye-Smith).
He was one of the founders of the Sheffield Junior Liberal Association, and of the Sheffield Parliamentary Debating Society. He unsuccessfully ran for parliament twice. In 1892 he ran as the Liberal Party candidate for the Sheffield Ecclesall constituency, and in 1895 he ran in the Bassetlaw constituency. He served as president of the Hunter Archaeological Society and the Provincial Newspaper Society.
Leader House, a Grade II listed Georgian townhouse takes its name from the Leader family, their home from the early C19.
List of publications
Reminiscences of Old Sheffield; its Streets and its People (1875)
Life and Letters of John Arthur Roebuck Q.C., M.P. (1897)
Sheffield in the Eighteenth Century (1901)
History of the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire in the County of York (1905–6)
References
External links
Full text of Sheffield in the Eighteenth Century, from the Internet Archive
1839 births
1922 deaths
English male journalists
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Politicians from Sheffield
Writers from Sheffield |
23574123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krop%C3%A1%C4%8Dova%20Vrutice | Kropáčova Vrutice | Kropáčova Vrutice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Kojovice, Krpy, Střížovice and Sušno are administrative parts of Kropáčova Vrutice.
Notable people
Josef Kořenský (1847–1938), traveller, educator and writer
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledce%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Ledce (Mladá Boleslav District) | Ledce is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhotky | Lhotky | Lhotky is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Řehnice is an administrative part of Lhotky.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipn%C3%ADk%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Lipník (Mladá Boleslav District) | Lipník is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loukov%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Loukov (Mladá Boleslav District) | Loukov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
20467095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20Court | Embassy Court | Embassy Court is an 11-storey block of luxury flats on the seafront in Brighton, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove. It has been listed at Grade II* by English Heritage. Wells Coates' "extremely controversial" piece of Modernist architecture has "divided opinion across the city" since its completion in 1935, and continues to generate strong feelings among residents, architectural historians and conservationists.
The flats were originally let at high rents to wealthy residents, including Max Miller, Rex Harrison and Terence Rattigan, and features such as enclosed balconies and England's first penthouse suites made the 72-apartment, 11-storey building "one of the most desirable and sought-after addresses in Brighton and Hove". Its fortunes changed dramatically from the 1970s, though, as a succession of complex court cases set leaseholders, freeholders and landlords against each other while the building rotted. By the start of the 21st century it was an "embarrassing eyesore" which was close to being demolished, despite its listed status. Proposals to refurbish the block came to nothing until the court cases concluded in 2004 and Sir Terence Conran's architectural practice was brought in. With an investment of £5 million, raised entirely by the residents, Embassy Court was overhauled: by 2006 it had been restored to its original status as a high-class residence, in contrast to its poor late-20th-century reputation.
History
At the junction of Western Street and Kings Road on Brighton seafront, just on the Brighton side of the ancient parish boundary between Brighton and Hove, stood a 19th-century villa called Western House. Owners included Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor and the drag king Vesta Tilley. In 1930 the site was chosen for redevelopment and the building and its grounds were demolished. Nothing took its place immediately, though, except for a temporary racetrack and miniature golf course. Developers Maddox Properties acquired the site and in 1934 enlisted Wells Coates, a Modernist architect responsible for the striking Isokon building in London earlier that year, to design a block of luxury flats as a speculative development. Embassy Court was completed in 1935. Its reinforced concrete structure and steel-framed doors and windows were distinctive features, and other facilities included a ground-floor bank, partly enclosed balconies to every one of the 72 flats, and England's first penthouse suites. These occupied the top (11th) floor; the other ten storeys had seven flats each. Each flat was "all-electric", including the space heating in the form of ceiling panels. A constant hot water supply was achieved by generating and storing it in a thermal energy storage system in the basement. Coates commented: "Old ideas have been discarded and a new building has arisen to greet a new age that thinks of happiness in terms of health".
The building's height and bold appearance, "something like a great ocean liner", contrasted with the Regency-style terraces to the east, west and north—in particular the 110-year-old "palace-fronted terraces" of Brunswick Terrace, "as grand as anything in St Petersburg", and the monumental Brunswick Square behind it. It received much praise at first: a 1936 edition of the Architects' Journal claimed that the building "thrill[ed] one to the marrow", and Alderman Sir Herbert Carden, "the maker of modern Brighton" who was responsible for many interwar improvements in the Borough of Brighton, was so taken with its Modernist style that he campaigned for every other building along the seafront to be demolished and replaced with Embassy Court-style housing, all the way from Hove to Kemp Town. Writing in 1935, in a piece accompanied by a large illustration of Embassy Court-style buildings along Kings Road, he wrote "Embassy Court ... has shown us the way to build for the new age. Along our waterfront new buildings such as this must come". This "pre-war indifference to the historic fabric of the town" resulted in the first of many local conservation societies, the Regency Society, being formed, and prompted a greater appreciation of Brighton's 19th-century architectural heritage.
All 72 flats were initially rented out rather than sold to owner-occupiers. Rents varied between £150 and £500 per year—expensive for that time, and similar to the cost of a house in Brighton. The ground-floor bank branch lasted until February 1948, when it was converted into a restaurant; this was only in use for five years. Major renovations were then carried out in the 1960s: new doors, windows and lifts were installed.
The building's high-class status declined from the 1970s when the freehold changed hands frequently and many flats were acquired by absentee landlords. Many leaseholders built up long-term rent arrears, and lack of clarity over ownership made raising money for refurbishment difficult. Embassy Court gradually fell into disrepair. The freeholder until 1997 was a company called Portvale; it was put into liquidation when a court case resulted in a demand to spend £1.5 million on maintenance. The Crown Estate Commissioners then took possession of the freehold, but Embassy Court's leaseholders established a company, Bluestorm Ltd, to buy it; this was achieved after another court case.
The first plans for refurbishing the building were announced in April 1998. The leaseholders' association commissioned local architects Alan Phillips and Matthew Lloyd to undertake design work and Ove Arup and Partners for their structural engineering expertise. Work was expected to cost £3 million to £4 million, of which a grant from the Government's Single Regeneration Budget would have covered £1.4 million. The project depended on the Sanctuary Housing Association acquiring the leases to 26 flats and the Crown Estate Commissioners transferring ownership of the freehold to the leaseholders' association. The proposed work was described as a "complete refurbishment" and would have lasted until 2000.
No action was taken, though, and the building continued to deteriorate. Architect Alan Phillips, who had continued his association with the building during the "impasse in negotiations" which had characterised the previous three years, described Embassy Court as being "on the cusp between demolition and renovation" at a debate in November 2001, at which he announced a new plan to convert the lower storeys into a hotel. Money generated by this could then be used to improve the upper storeys, which would remain residential. The nearby Bedford Hotel provided a model of a mixed-use tower block with hotel accommodation below residential flats.
Another court case began in November 2002. Bluestorm and Portvale Holdings made claims against each other in relation to paying for the building's restoration. By this stage Bluestorm estimated the cost of a full refurbishment would be £4.5 million. Portvale Holdings stated it intended to sell the flats it owned, and a former director of the liquidated Portvale company later stated he did not wish to buy the freehold back from Bluestorm. The case was adjourned after two weeks and was decided in March 2003 in favour of Bluestorm. The chairman of Brighton and Hove City Council said he "welcomed the decision". Portvale Holdings appealed against the decision in February 2004, but a judge at the Royal Courts of Justice upheld the original verdict. This brought to a conclusion a long and complex period of legal action; the judge observed that the ongoing battles between leaseholders, landlords and freeholders had been "more suited to a nursery school playground".
In July 2003, Bluestorm announced a new refurbishment plan, this time involving Sir Terence Conran's Conran Group architectural consultancy. The scheme architect was Paul Zara. Conran Group undertook a structural survey which showed that the concrete walls had not deteriorated as badly as expected: its director said that the building was in "a very poor state [but] perfectly salvageable". The expected cost was £5 million, and various sources of funding were proposed: money received from Portvale Holdings and from the leaseholders was to be used alongside National Lottery and European Union regeneration grants for which Bluestorm would apply. No grants or Lottery funding were ever received. Also commissioned alongside Conran Group were structural engineering firm F.J. Samuely, whose founder Felix Samuely had worked on the building originally, and some other specialist companies. By September 2003, Conran had assembled a working group of engineers, designers and other professionals, and the plans included provision of a swimming pool and public facilities such as a restaurant, museum and art gallery by making use of underused areas of the building.
Work began in December 2003. First, the communal areas and lobby were deep-cleaned and exterior hoardings were put up; other early priorities included new electrical and heating systems. The overall timescale of the project was stated to be three years. At that time, the leaseholders were told they would have to fund the entire £5 million estimated cost themselves: some would have to pay around £100,000+ each. Also, the project leader indicated that the planned swimming pool, art gallery and other new features would be "put on hold until 2007". By February 2004, the bulk of the work was expected to start in summer 2004. Bluestorm raised a planning application, and Brighton and Hove City Council granted outline permission in June 2004. New windows, doors, plumbing and heating, repairs to the concrete structure and re-rendering the exterior were all prioritised at this time.
The first part of the refurbishment project was completed on time and on budget. After a delay caused by poor weather, the exterior hoardings and scaffolding were removed in early April 2005 to reveal new windows and a "smart cream concrete façade".
The second phase involved repairs at the rear, the promised replacement plumbing and heating systems, new lifts and new front doors, and was due to finish in September 2005. The longer-term proposal for a basement swimming pool remained, and other ideas suggested at this time included a gymnasium, reinstatement of the original 1930s foyer decor including a mural by Edward McKnight Kauffer, and the conversion of one flat into a 1930s-style showpiece. Bluestorm organised a party on the Brunswick Lawns outside Embassy Court in September 2006 to celebrate the completion of the work. Local record label Skint Records led a separate private party on the top floor of the building. Public tours were also conducted later in the month. The earlier problems of poor security had been overcome, and Embassy Court was no longer "a haven for drunks, drug addicts and homeless people".
The apartment building is also featured in the opening scene of the film ‘Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging’.
Architecture and facilities
Embassy Court represented a transition from the pure Art Deco style which had been popular in the early 1930s, towards a "simplistic and plain" interpretation of Modernism. In this respect it is similar to the Grand Ocean Hotel at nearby Saltdean; and the style appears again further west in Hove, albeit in brick, in the form of the mansion block at 4 Grand Avenue and the "severely Moderne" Viceroy Lodge. The Pevsner Architectural Guides describe Embassy Court as "Brighton's most prominent example of early Modernism at its most polished". There are similarities with Coates' Isokon building, but on a larger scale and in a more "nautical, streamlined" style. Coates was influenced by the designs of architect Erich Mendelsohn during a visit to Germany in 1931–32, and some of the building's design features recall Mendelsohn's work.
The building is tall, wide and rises to 11 storeys. Reinforced concrete painted a pale cream colour is the main building material. It is -shaped but with a distinctively curved southeastern corner. The east (Western Street) façade is longer. Both faces (towards Kings Road and towards Western Street) have a strongly horizontal emphasis formed by the continuous bands of cantilevered balconies on each floor. The horizontal emphasis is partly offset by the "nice vertical rhythm" of the slightly curving windows of the sun rooms; this effect is most noticeable on the east elevation. The cream-coloured render was lost for many years because of the building's deteriorating condition, but it was restored during the Conran Partners' work and the exterior now looks as it did in the 1930s.
To the rear, the cantilevered effect is maintained, forming "access decks" which sweep diagonally upwards at the ends to house the external staircases. The lift shafts also punctuate the mostly horizontal tiers. The upper storeys (from ninth floor level upwards) are slightly recessed; the architectural theory of contextualism would suggest that this device would have been more effective had it started at fifth-floor level, matching the height of neighbouring Brunswick Terrace.
Embassy Court was the first building in England to feature penthouse suites. Other pioneering features included open-fronted balconies, lock-up garages and what the original managing agents Dudley Samuel and Harrison described as "sun-admitting Vista-Glass sun parlours". Many of the "sun rooms" have been integrated into the flats to create extra living space. Another unique feature was a mural by Edward McKnight Kauffer in the foyer. It was created by a new method in which a series of black-and-white photographs were printed on a light-sensitive cellulose surface. The flats had built-in steel-framed tubular furniture (manufactured by Pel Ltd) and woodwork by D. Burkle & Son.
Reception and legacy
Embassy Court has been a controversial building and "has divided opinion across the city" since it was built. "Unashamedly modern and different" from its surroundings, it was "the first challenge to the Georgian[-era] architecture of Brighton". Architectural historians Antony Dale and Nikolaus Pevsner both observed that Embassy Court is "a good building in the wrong place", in relation to its position adjoining the Brunswick Town development. Dale noted that the latter's "carefully regulated proportions" are overpowered by the unsympathetic form of its 11-storey neighbour, making Embassy Court "a glaring example of architectural bad manners and worse town planning". Nevertheless, he described it as "a good building of its period" and compared favourably with most blocks of flats built subsequently. Pevsner called Embassy Court "a good and historically interesting" building", "well designed in itself"—but criticised it as acting as a "bad neighbour" to the "serious Neoclassical [architecture]" of Brunswick Town. Likewise, Brighton historian Clifford Musgrave contrasted Embassy Court with its near-contemporary, Marine Gate, to the east beyond Kemp Town; although it was "another white concrete block of flats", he considered it more elegant and better because it did not intrude directly on any 19th-century architectural set-pieces. It is an example of early Modernist architecture in England, and "one of the very few [such buildings] in the Sussex area". Former Mayor of Brighton Lord Lewis Cohen said in 1953: "It stands as a monument for all time to the lack of foresight of those who permitted such a conglomeration of architecture on our seafront."
Embassy Court was Brighton's first tower block. Although "it seemed to some that the era of skyscrapers had started" locally—especially in the light of Herbert Carden's proposals for the seafront—it was only in the 1960s that multi-storey towers began to dominate the skyline of Brighton and Hove. Journalist Adam Trimingham has commented that these postwar buildings have been characteristically "drab" and that "nothing was built to match Embassy Court".
By the start of the 21st century, public perception of Embassy Court was particularly poor: it was considered to be an "embarrassing eyesore", "a filthy blot on the seafront", a "grimy, rotting structure" and "like something from the Third World". Windows were falling out; wind, damp and noise were constant problems; and on one occasion some exterior cladding fell off and landed in the street. The third edition of The Cheeky Guide to Brighton, published in 2003, claimed Embassy Court looked like "Michael Jackson's face on a bad day". Meanwhile, the views articulated by Pevsner continued to find support. Writing in 2002, Anthony Seldon condemned both Embassy Court for "dwarf[ing] and insult[ing] its neighbours" and Herbert Carden for considering it "the ideal seafront building". Although Seldon placed it in his list of "the city's ten best 20th-century buildings"—describing it as "elegant", "vibrant and visually exciting"—and compared it favourably to the contemporary Marine Gate flats further along the seafront, he observed that it was "utterly out of place on the seafront" and should have been lower by three storeys. Furthermore, in a section consisting of ideas for the future of Brighton and Hove, he suggested "knock[ing] down Embassy Court, Hilton West Pier and other excrescences along the seafront [and] hold[ing] a series of parties to celebrate"—recalling the demolition campaigns seen in some Majorcan seaside resorts.
Artist and musician Chris Dooks released a concept album inspired by Embassy Court in 2005. After discovering the building by chance when browsing the internet, he became interested in its history and contacted Bluestorm Ltd. He became Embassy Court's artist-in-residence and produced a four-track EP called Sycamore Tubs. Its name and all four tracks are anagrams of Embassy Court, as is As Ruby's Comet—an artwork he produced at the same time. The 2005 fantasy film MirrorMask was filmed partly at Embassy Court.
Embassy Court was listed at Grade II* on 19 July 1984. As of February 2001, it was one of 70 Grade II*-listed buildings and structures, and 1,218 listed buildings of all grades, in the city of Brighton and Hove.
Notable residents
Keith Waterhouse moved into the building in 1983 and occupied a ninth-floor flat, but left in 1992 and moved to Bath. He drew comparison between Embassy Court and "an East End slum". Brighton-born comedian Max Miller and actor Rex Harrison were two early residents; Sir Terence Rattigan rented a flat there as well from 1960, but disliked it and soon moved to Marine Parade.
See also
Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove
Notes
References
External links
Embassy Court
Bibliography
Buildings and structures completed in 1935
Wells Coates buildings
Modernist architecture in England
Grade II* listed buildings in Brighton and Hove
Art Deco architecture in England |
23574134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loukovec | Loukovec | Loukovec is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Loukovec is from 1225.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C5%A1t%C4%9Bnice | Luštěnice | Luštěnice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,200 inhabitants. It is located south of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague.
Administrative parts
Villages of Voděrady and Zelená are administrative parts of Luštěnice.
History
The first written mention of Luštěnice is from 1268. Around 1740, the Baroque Luštěnice Castle was built.
Gallery
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
20467134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncial%200257 | Uncial 0257 | Uncial 0257 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 9th century.
Description
The codex contains some parts of the Matthew 5-26; Mark 6-16, on 47 parchment leaves (29.5 cm by 22 cm). It is written in two columns per page, 23 lines per page, in uncial letters. It is a palimpsest, the upper text contains a lectionary 2094.
Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 9th century.
Contents
Matt 5:17-29; 8:4-19; 12:4-13:41; 13:55-14:15; 25:28-16:19; 21:20-43; 22:13-24:24; 25:6-36; 26:24-39;
Mark 6:22-36; 7:15-37; 8:33-11:22; 14:21-16:12.
Text
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
Location
Currently the codex is housed at the Monastery of Agiou Nikanoros (2, ff. 1-16, 289-319) in Zavorda.
See also
List of New Testament uncials
Textual criticism
References
Greek New Testament uncials
Palimpsests
9th-century biblical manuscripts |
23574137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20guianensis | Tolumnia guianensis | Tolumnia guianensis is a species of orchid endemic to Hispaniola.
guianensis |
23574140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%8De%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE | Mečeříž | Mečeříž is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
20467169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell%20and%20Back%20%28comics%29 | Hell and Back (comics) | Hell and Back is a nine-issue comic book limited series, first published by Dark Horse Comics in July 1999–April 2000, and the seventh and final volume in Frank Miller's Sin City series.
Plot
It tells the story of Wallace, an artist/war hero/short order cook who saves a suicidal woman named Esther. She likes his art and they go out for a drink. They are ambushed by two men, who drug Wallace and kidnap Esther. The Colonel and Liebowitz are a suspected part of this conspiracy. Wallace spends the night in the drunk tank, after being dragged out of the gutter by two of Basin City's (notoriously corrupt) police officers, Manson and Bundy, and upon his release seeks out Esther. He is crossed again by police officers after he tells Commissioner Liebowitz he plans to find Esther. He then dispatches them, leaving them bound and naked. After locating Esther's home, he finds her apartment occupied by Delia, who claims to be Esther's roommate.
Wallace and Delia are attacked by The Colonel's new manservant, Manute, but they escape. A sniper attacks from a nearby window, whom Wallace takes out by shooting him through the scope of his rifle. Delia tries unsuccessfully to seduce him as they are pursued by two more assassins in a Mercedes, which Wallace also disposes of.
Wallace and Delia meet up with an old war buddy referred to only as Captain. He borrows a Chevrolet Nomad known as The Heap from him and Wallace and Delia turn in for the night at the Last Hope Motel.
Wallace handcuffs her to the bed for what she believes is foreplay, when he reveals that he knows she cannot be Esther's roommate, because Esther's clothes would have the smell of Delia's cigarettes on them. Just then, Wallace is drugged by a sniper for the second time. He wakes at the Santa Yolanda Tar Pits, where Delia, Gordo, and a drug wizard named Maxine are preparing to abandon his car in the pits. Maxine gives him a huge dose of a hallucinogenic drug.
A large portion of the comic, wherein he finds himself hallucinating, is then done in full color. After a surreal sequence involving a crashing fighter jet, trash-talking cherubs, and dinosaurs, the car hits a tree. He discovers a young girl dead in the trunk. The police show up, as does Captain, who kills the police. Captain explains he'd have gotten there sooner if it wasn't for snipers establishing a perimeter. They torture one remaining sniper and find out where Delia, Gordo, and Maxine were heading and pursue them. During this sequence the Captain morphs into various pop culture icons, including King Leonidas from Frank Miller's 300, Lone Wolf and Cub, an ED-209 droid from the RoboCop movies, Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot, Captain America, Dirty Harry, John Rambo, Martha Washington from Give Me Liberty, Hägar the Horrible and even Hellboy. This portion is entirely in color.
They shoot past Delia, Maxine and Gordo at a gas station. As they begin driving again, Wallace and Captain ambush them, with Captain disabling the Hummer with a rocket launcher. As they move in, Gordo mortally wounds Captain as Wallace shoots Gordo in the face. At gunpoint, Wallace makes Maxine concoct an antidote to reverse his hallucinogenic frame of mind. As she does, he shoots her in the head and shoots Delia through the gut when he suffers a panic attack. After blacking out for a few seconds, Wallace finds himself back in a black and white "normal" world, Maxine dead and Delia wounded. Paralyzed from the waist down, she begs for mercy. Wallace does so by shooting her in the back of the head. He then carries Captain's body back to the Heap and drives away.
He meets up with another war buddy named Jerry, the Captain's lover. They burn Captain's body in a funeral pyre, where afterwards they work trying to flush the rest of the drugs out of Wallace's system. Mariah, another female mercenary working for The Colonel, is assigned to Delia's task in her stead. The Colonel is now killing anyone linking Wallace to him, starting with the doctor who kidnapped Esther. He even has Mariah break Liebowitz's teenage son's arm after luring him away from his high school. He then threatens Liebowitz's family even further, putting the commissioner in a moral quandary.
Wallace confronts Liebowitz in his apartment and tries to get him to join his side. Wallace discovers that the real scheme The Colonel is operating is a slave trafficking and organ harvesting ring of which Liebowitz was in fact (intentionally or otherwise) unaware of. Wallace explains how he launched a one-man assault on the factory, first infiltrating the complex, cutting a swathe of stealthy death through the roster of guards and discovering the myriad atrocities going on there. He was then confronted by Mariah and The Colonel as well as many, many armed guards. Wallace managed to escape the factory with his own life but without saving anyone, much to his own chagrin.
At this point, the phone rings in Liebowitz's apartment: "They know you're here", Liebowitz tells Wallace. It's The Colonel, telling Wallace where Esther is: she is at the Roark family farm, long since abandoned at this point. The deal is simple: Wallace's silence for Esther's safe return. When Wallace finds her, an enemy helicopter arrives and opens fire, Wallace shielding Esther with his body. However, Wallace is one step ahead: Jerry, who was up on a hill with heavy ordnance, blasts the chopper out of the sky with a rocket launcher; Wallace, who was wearing a Kevlar vest, survived the chopper's machinegun fire miraculously. Wallace takes Esther to the hospital and he and Jerry prepare to make a second assault on The Colonel's base of operations, when a flood of people are brought in on stretchers.
By this time, the police have launched a massive raid on The Colonel's factory, where The Colonel is captured. The Colonel threatens Liebowitz, who in return shoots him in the head for hurting his son and tells his underlings to "make a missing person outta the fucker". Wallenquist (the criminal lord behind the whole operation) lets it all be square, against the strong wishes of Mariah, (who somehow escaped the factory raid,) seeing neither power nor profit in revenge; He seeks revenge on neither Wallace nor Liebowitz.
Weeks later, Wallace and Esther leave town. He asks her why she wanted to jump and she responds "I was lonely". They drive away towards a better life away from Sin City.
Collected editions
The series has been collected into a trade paperback ().
External links
1999 comics debuts |
23574141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohelnice%20nad%20Jizerou | Mohelnice nad Jizerou | Mohelnice nad Jizerou is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants. It lies on the Jizera River.
Administrative parts
The village of Podhora is an administrative part of Mohelnice nad Jizerou.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muka%C5%99ov%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Mukařov (Mladá Boleslav District) | Mukařov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Borovice and Vicmanov are administrative parts of Mukařov.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%9Bm%C4%8Dice%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Němčice (Mladá Boleslav District) | Němčice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Němčice is located about south of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemyslovice | Nemyslovice | Nemyslovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neveklovice | Neveklovice | Neveklovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 70 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nim%C4%9B%C5%99ice | Niměřice | Niměřice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Dolní Cetno and Horní Cetno are administrative parts of Niměřice.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1%20Telib | Nová Telib | Nová Telib is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Kladěruby is an administrative part of Nová Telib.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1%20Ves%20u%20Bakova | Nová Ves u Bakova | Nová Ves u Bakova is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Gallery
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrubce | Obrubce | Obrubce is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Obora is an administrative part of Obrubce.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obruby | Obruby | Obruby is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%9B%C4%8Dice | Pěčice | Pěčice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse%20on%20Pisa | Discourse on Pisa | Discourse on Pisa () is a 1499 work by Italian Renaissance historian and political scientist Niccolò Machiavelli about the history of Pisa.
References
1499 books
Works by Niccolò Machiavelli |
23574176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%9Btikozly | Pětikozly | Pětikozly is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petkovy | Petkovy | Petkovy is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Čížovky is an administrative part of Petkovy.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20guttata | Tolumnia guttata | Tolumnia guttata is a species of orchid found from Mexico, Belize to Colombia and the Caribbean.
References
guttata
Orchids of Central America
Orchids of Belize
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
23574194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitorious | Gitorious | Gitorious was a free and open source web application for hosting collaborative free and open-source software development projects using Git revision control. Although it was freely available to be downloaded and installed, it was written primarily as the basis for the Gitorious shared web hosting service at gitorious.org, until it was acquired by GitLab in 2015.
According to the Git User's Survey, Gitorious was the second most popular hosting service for Git in 2011, with 11.7% of respondents indicating they used it, behind 87.5% using GitHub. On 3 March 2015, Gitorious was acquired by GitLab, who announced service through gitorious.org would be discontinued on 1 June 2015 and encouraged Gitorious users to make use of its import tools to migrate projects to GitLab.
Features and constraints
In addition to source code hosting, Gitorious provided projects with wikis, a web interface for merge requests and code reviews, and activity timelines for projects and developers.
According to the terms of service, if bandwidth usage for an account, project or repository exceeded 500 MB/month, or significantly exceeds the average bandwidth usage of other Gitorious.org users or customers, Gitorious.org reserved the right to immediately disable or throttle the account, project or repository until the account owner can reduce the bandwidth consumption.
Gitorious AS released the Gitorious software under the AGPLv3 as free software.
Acquisitions
In August 2013, Gitorious AS was acquired by Powow AS, a Norwegian-Polish consulting company.
Gitorious was then acquired by GitLab as of 3 March 2015. GitLab kept gitorious.org online through May 2015 and added an automatic migration function for project to move to GitLab.com which offers both paid and free hosting services and maintains an open source "community" edition for self-hosting.
At the time of the GitLab acquisition, there were four Powow employees behind Gitorious. GitLab CEO Sytse Sijbrandij, responding to comments about the acquisition on Hacker News, wrote that "[Powow] wanted to shut the company down without a bankruptcy". So, GitLab, as a way to bolster their user base, bought Gitorious even though they were not hiring the employees or using the Gitorious software. In addition to providing optional migration to GitLab.com, GitLab opened discussions with Archive.org about preserving the Gitorious repositories for historical reference. As of mid-2016, as a result of efforts by GitLab, ex-Gitorious staff, and Archive Team, Gitorious.org existed as a read-only mirror of its former self, containing some 120,000 repositories comprising 5TB of data.
See also
Comparison of open source software hosting facilities
References
External links
Gitorious source code (GitHub mirror, last updated in 2015)
Open-source hosted development tools
Open-source software hosting facilities
Project management software
Version control
Software using the GNU AGPL license
Discontinued open-source software hosting facilities |
23574199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADskov%C3%A1%20Lhota%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Písková Lhota (Mladá Boleslav District) | Písková Lhota is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.
It is located south of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague.
Administrative parts
Village of Zámostí is an administrative part of Písková Lhota.
History
The first written mention of Písková Lhota is from 1398 and of Zámostí from 1361. Starý Stránov Castle was first mentioned in 1297.
Gallery
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Blankfort | Michael Blankfort | Michael Seymour Blankfort (December 10, 1907 – July 13, 1982) was an American screenwriter, writer of books and playwright. He served as a front for the blacklisted Albert Maltz on the Academy Award-nominated screenplay of Broken Arrow (1950). He was born in New York City and died in Los Angeles.
Film career
The Writers Guild of America, West, in its 1991 restoration of credit for the Broken Arrow screenplay to Maltz, expressed "a strong statement of appreciation for the courage of screenwriter Michael Blankfort" for his action in fronting for Maltz, in which Blankfort "risked being blacklisted himself to help his friend". Among his own screenplays were The Juggler (1953) and The Caine Mutiny. He was president of the Writers Guild of America, West from 1967 to 1969 and won the Guild's Valentine Davies Award (along with Norman Corwin) in 1972. He also served on the Board of Governors of The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences from 1969 to 1971.
Art collection
Michael Blankfort and his wife Dorothy Stiles Blankfort were among the founding members of the Los Angeles Contemporary Art Council, a group of prominent local art collectors connected to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. The Blankforts donated over 400 pieces of art to the museum, including works by Yves Klein, Willem de Kooning and Arshile Gorky.
Bibliography
"Battle hymn; a play in three acts, prologues and an epilogue". (with Michael Gold) New York, Los Angeles, London: S. French, 1936.
"The crime". New York: New York Theatre League, 1936.
"The brave and the blind : a one-act drama". New York: S. French, 1937.
"A Time to Live". New York: Harcourt Brace, 1943.
"The Big Yankee: The Life of Carlson of the Raiders". Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1947.
"Monique: A Drama in Two Acts". (with wife Dorothy Stiles Blankfort) New York: S. French, 1957.
"An Exceptional Man – A Novel of Incest". New York: Antheneum, 1980.
Filmography
As screenwriter:
Blind Alley (1939)
Adam Had Four Sons (1941)
Texas (1941)
Flight Lieutenant (1942)
An Act of Murder (1948)
The Dark Past (1948)
Broken Arrow (1950) (as front for Albert Maltz)
Halls of Montezuma (1951)
My Six Convicts (1952)
Lydia Bailey (1952)
The Juggler (1953)
The Caine Mutiny (1954) (additional dialogue)
Untamed (1955)
Tribute to a Bad Man (1956)
The Vintage (1957)
See How They Run (1964)
The Plainsman (1966)
A Fire in the Sky (1978)
As associate producer:
The Juggler (1953)
Awards
1953: National Jewish Book Award for The Juggler
External links
Michael Blankfort papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
References
1907 births
1982 deaths
Jewish American writers
Writers from New York City
20th-century American Jews |
23574201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plazy | Plazy | Plazy is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Valy is an administrative part of Plazy.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plu%C5%BEn%C3%A1 | Plužná | Plužná is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proda%C5%A1ice | Prodašice | Prodašice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolohan | Bolohan | Bolohan is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
Notable people
Igor Moroz, a protester in the post-election riots in Chișinău who died while in police custody
References
Villages of Orhei District |
23574209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99epe%C5%99e%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Přepeře (Mladá Boleslav District) | Přepeře is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pt%C3%BDrov | Ptýrov | Ptýrov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Čihátka, Maníkovice and Ptýrovec are administrative parts of Ptýrov.
Gallery
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C4%83viceni | Brăviceni | Brăviceni is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District |
23574214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabakov | Rabakov | Rabakov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 60 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohatsko | Rohatsko | Rohatsko is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C4%83ie%C8%99ti | Bulăiești | Bulăiești is a commune and village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokyt%C3%A1 | Rokytá | Rokytá is a municipality in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The municipality is made up of villages of Dolní Rokytá and Horní Rokytá.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokytovec | Rokytovec | Rokytovec is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Malé Horky is an administrative part of Rokytovec.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20pulchella | Tolumnia pulchella | Tolumnia pulchella is a species of orchid endemic to Jamaica. It is the type species of the genus Tolumnia.
References
pulchella
Orchids of Jamaica
Endemic flora of Jamaica
Endemic orchids of North America
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
23574228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98epov | Řepov | Řepov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
History
Řepov was founded in 1787.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mase%20discography | Mase discography | American rapper Mase has released three studio albums and twenty-two singles, including ten as a featured artist.
Albums
Studio albums
Singles
As lead artist
As featured artist
Other charted songs
Guest appearances
Notes
A "Get Ready" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as a 25-song extension to the Hot 100.
B "Welcome Back" and "Breathe, Stretch, Shake" charted as a double A-side single in the United Kingdom.
C "Stay Out of My Way" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 9 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart, which acts as a 25-song extension to the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
References
External links
Hip hop discographies
Discographies of American artists |
6900342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20College%20Boat%20Club%20%28Durham%29 | University College Boat Club (Durham) | University College Boat Club (UCBC) is the rowing club of University College at Durham University in north-east England, with over 100 members, a large boathouse and a fleet of boats.
UCBC has a long history of racing success, winning the Grand Challenge Cup at Durham Regatta more than any other College (though the majority of wins were in the 19th Century) and qualifying for Henley Royal Regatta several times, most recently in 2001.
Founded in 1834, UCBC is the oldest society in Durham and is the oldest Boat Club in the North of England. The club celebrated its 175th anniversary at Durham Regatta in 2009. The Alumni organisation is Floreat Castellum Boat Club (FCBC).
Boathouse and fleet
UCBC uses University College boathouse on the River Wear just below Durham Cathedral and a short walk from the Castle. It is at one end of the rowable stretch of river in Durham, on the Bailey, downstream of Prebends Bridge but upstream of the weir. The boathouse is shared by St Aidan's College Boat Club (SACBC).
It was constructed in the 1880s and used to have a bar and baths. These have since been removed to allow additional racking space. The club shares a landing stage with St Leonard's School Durham who occupy the adjacent boathouse. The original College landing stage was too close to the weir and has been abandoned for many decades.
UCBC owns 3 VIIIs, 8 IVs, and numerous smaller boats. These were manufactured by Vespoli, Stampfli, Janousek, Sims and Browns Boathouse and the oars were produced by Concept2 or Croker.
The club used to own a minibus to travel to races. However it was sold in 2002 and trailer space is now provided by Durham Amateur Rowing Club or Durham University Boat Club.
Races
UCBC competes in many races and regattas both in the North East and the rest of the United Kingdom. Below are some of the events UCBC has competed in over the last few years:
National events
Henley Royal Regatta
The Head of the River Race
Women's Head of the River Race
Heineken Roeivierkamp (Amsterdam)
Head of the River Fours
BUCS Regatta (Nottingham or Glasgow)
Head of the Trent (Nottingham)
Regional events
Durham Regatta
Durham City Regatta
Durham SBH
Hexham Regatta
Rutherford Head
Tees SBH
Tyne Regatta
Tyne Head
York Regatta
York SBH
College events
Novice Cup
Senate Cup
Hayward Cup
Pennant Short Course
Admirals Regatta
A 24-hour indoor rowing marathon is held annually against rival Hatfield College Boat Club. The charity event is jointly run by both clubs in Epiphany term.
Club structure
Any member of University College JCR, MCR or SCR can join UCBC as an ordinary member and any other student of Durham University may join with the President's permission. The club is run by a nine-person executive committee selected annually. These are the President, Men's Captain, Women's Captain, Secretary, Treasurer, Freshwomens Captain, Freshmens Captain, Social Secretary and Boatman. There are also non-executive roles such as Captain of Coxes and Vice Captains. As a tradition, the handover occurs when the 1st VIII crosses the finish line in the race against FCBC at Durham Regatta.
All club members are able to join the club's alumni organisation Floreat Castellum Boat Club. This organises an annual dinner in London as well as an invitational race at Durham Regatta against the current UCBC 1st VIII. All members of FCBC are treated as life members of UCBC.
UCBC holds its own annual Ball each year in Epiphany term. Previous locations include Durham Town Hall, The Royal County Hotel in Durham, The Three Tuns Hotel in Durham and the Assembly Rooms Newcastle.
Club colours
The club blades are cardinal with a white chevron, cardinal being the colour of University College.
The club racing kit is defined for all-in-ones as "black with cardinal side strip" or the club Zephyrs as "White with Cardinal Trim". For winter racing, the club tech tops are "black with cardinal trim". Members of the 1st VIII's are eligible to wear different tech tops; "white with cardinal trim and 1st VIII on the collar".
The club blazer is "white with cardinal trim". 1 or 2 stripes on the sleeves indicate current or past membership of the second or first VIII respectively. This can be worn at all club socials and some college events.
See also
Durham College Rowing
University College, Durham
University rowing (UK)
References
External links
University College Boat Club
University College JCR
University College
1834 establishments in England
Sports clubs established in 1834
Durham University Rowing Clubs |
6900343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getting%20Away%20with%20Murder%20%28film%29 | Getting Away with Murder (film) | Getting Away with Murder is a 1996 American black comedy film directed and written by Harvey Miller.
Plot
Ethics professor Jack Lambert's (Dan Aykroyd) neighbor Max Mueller (Jack Lemmon) is revealed on the TV news to be escaped Nazi war criminal Karl Luger, whom the courts sentenced to death. Pressured by the news media's allegations, Mueller plans escape to South America.
Angered that Mueller might never pay for his crimes, Lambert takes the drastic step of poisoning him by injecting cyanide into some of the fruit in Mueller's apple tree, from which he regularly makes freshly juiced apple juice. The police initially believe it's a suicide, greatly upsetting Lambert, who mails them a cryptic letter explaining that it was actually a murder to carry out the court sentence and to avenge all the lives taken.
Later, the TV news reveals that Mueller was misidentified and is innocent. Feeling guilty, Lambert atones by dumping his fiancée Gail (Bonnie Hunt) and marrying Mueller's daughter Inga (Lily Tomlin). However, after the wedding, Lambert receives information assuring him of Mueller's guilt.
Cast
Reception
This was veteran writer and director Harvey Miller's final project. It received poor reviews from critics.
Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, writing, "Here is a film that tries to find comedy in the Holocaust, and it looks in the wrong places, in the wrong way, and becomes a sad embarrassment."
Nathan Rabin wrote, "Murder suffers from what I call Craig Brewer Syndrome [...] Filmmakers afflicted with Craig Brewer Syndrome make the least offensive films out of the most offensive premises. [...] Lemmon and Tomlin deliver better performances than the material warrants. A deceptively playful Lemmon is plausible as both a genocidal monster in hiding and a harmless old man and Tomlin's uncompromising performance is refreshingly devoid of sentimentality. Yet their best efforts are wasted in a movie that aspires to make audiences laugh and think and only achieves half its goals."
Home Media
After the film's theatrical run, HBO released the movie onto VHS. In 2004, the film was finally released on DVD. The DVD is now discontinued and as of March 29, 2010, neither HBO or Focus Features, the latter of which has begun to acquire some of Savoy's movies, has announced any plans to release a new DVD of the film.
References
External links
1996 films
1990s black comedy films
Savoy Pictures films
Films about Nazi fugitives
Films about Nazi hunters
Films scored by John Debney
Poisoning in film
1996 comedy films
1990s English-language films |
23574229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cli%C8%99ova | Clișova | Clișova is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District |
23574232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98itonice | Řitonice | Řitonice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutta%20R%C3%BCdiger | Jutta Rüdiger | Jutta Rüdiger (14 June 1910 – 13 March 2001) was a German psychologist and head of the Nazi Party's female youth organisation, the League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel, BDM), from 1937 to 1945.
Early career
Born in Berlin but brought up in Düsseldorf where her father was an engineer, Rüdiger was trained as a psychologist. While a student at Würzburg in the 1920s, she became a convinced Nazi and joined the National Socialist German Students' League (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund). From 1933 she was an assistant psychologist at the Institute for Occupational Research in Düsseldorf. She also became active in the leadership of the BDM, which had been started in 1930 as a girls' auxiliary to the male-only Hitler Youth, but which grew rapidly after the Nazis came to power in January 1933. In 1935 she became BDM Leader in the Ruhr-Lower Rhine region. In November 1937 she became Leader of the BDM, at which time she joined the Nazi Party, succeeding Trude Mohr, who had vacated the position on her marriage, as Nazi policy required.
Career in the Reich
As BDM Leader, Rüdiger had the title Reichs Deputy of the BDM (Reichsreferentin des BDM). This signified that her position was subordinate to the overall Nazi Youth Leader (Reichsjugendführer), Baldur von Schirach (and his successor from 1940, Artur Axmann). This was in accordance with Nazi policy that women and their organisations must always be subordinate to male leadership. Schirach was zealous in preventing the BDM becoming autonomous, or coming under the control of the Nazi Women's Organisation (Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft, NSF), whose Leader Gertrud Scholtz-Klink he regarded as a rival.
Membership of the BDM became compulsory for girls between 10 and 18 in 1936, and the law was strengthened in 1939, but membership was never as universal as membership of the Hitler Youth was for boys. The destiny of BDM girls under the Nazi state was to become wives and mothers to Nazi men, bearing many children to increase the strength of the Aryan race.
According to Rüdiger, leader of the League of German Girls in 1937:The task of our Girls League is to bring up our girls as torch bearers of the national-socialist world. We need girls who are at harmony between their bodies, souls and spirits. And we need girls who, through healthy bodies and balanced minds, embody the beauty of divine creation. We want to bring up girls who believe in Germany and our leader, and who will pass these beliefs on to their future children.
By 1941, however, there was an acute labour shortage in Germany as some men were conscripted and sent to the front, and the BDM girls were increasingly pressed into compulsory labour service, usually either on farms or in munitions factories, with girls from upper or middle-class families going into office jobs. Rüdiger came to preside over a female work force of several millions, directing them as the economic ministries requested additional labour.
From 1943 onwards, the BDM also supplied thousands of girls for work in flak (anti-aircraft) batteries guarding German cities. By means of this, the Nazi system would allow young women to come to combat service. Girls as young as 13 operated flak batteries, fired guns and shot down Allied planes. Many were killed when their batteries were hit by bombs or machine-gun fire from Allied fighters. Later in the war, BDM girls fought against the advancing Allied armies.
Arrest and later life
Rüdiger was arrested by American forces in 1945, and spent two and a half years in detention. Rüdiger was not charged with any specific offence, and was never brought to trial. Upon her release, she resumed her career as a paediatric psychologist in Düsseldorf. According to a recent historian, she remained "an unreconstructed Nazi". In a 2000 interview she said: "National Socialism is not repeatable. One can take over only the values which we espoused: comradeship, readiness to support one another, bravery, self-discipline and not least honour and loyalty. Apart from these, each young person must find their way alone." From 1940 to 1991, she lived in a lesbian relationship with her cooperator Hedy Böhmer. She died in 2001 at Bad Reichenhall, Bavaria.
Publications
Jutta Rüdiger Der Bund Deutscher Mädel: eine Richtigstellung, Lindhorst: Askania, c1984
abridged electronic version
Der Bund Deutscher Mädel in Dokumenten: Materialsammlung zur Richtigstellung; Hrsg.: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Jugendforschung GBR, Lindhorst. Zsgest. von Jutta Rüdiger. Lindhorst: Askania
References
Further reading
"Ein Leben für die Jugend" - Dr. Jutta Rüdiger
Gisela Miller-Kipp (ed.), "Auch Du gehörst dem Führer": die Geschichte des Bundes Deutscher Mädel (BDM) in Quellen und Dokumenten, Weinheim: Juventa, 2001, pp. 41ff.
1910 births
2001 deaths
Hitler Youth members
Nazi Party members
German psychologists
German women psychologists
LGBT people in the Nazi Party
LGBT people from Germany
20th-century psychologists
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
20th-century German women
20th-century LGBT people |
23574234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedlec%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Sedlec (Mladá Boleslav District) | Sedlec is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isacova | Isacova | Isacova is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
History
Isacova is an old village in Orhei County, inhabited mostly by descendants of small land owners from medieval times ("razesi" (razashi) and "mazili").
According to one of the earliest documents mentioning Isacova, in 1645 is set the limit between Isacova and Orhei.
Notable people
Teodor Uncu
Gavril Buciușcan
References
Documente privitoare la târgul și ținutul Orheiului, publicate cu un studiu introductiv de Sava Aurel, Institutul de Istorie Națională din București, București,1944, LV+561p, B.A.R.: II 234647+; B.C.U. Page 84.
Villages of Orhei District
Orgeyevsky Uyezd |
23574238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sezemice%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Sezemice (Mladá Boleslav District) | Sezemice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The hamlet of Jirsko 1.díl is an administrative part of Sezemice.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skalsko%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Skalsko (Mladá Boleslav District) | Skalsko is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Skalsko is from 1352.
Gallery
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankston%20High%20School | Frankston High School | Frankston High School (abbreviated as FHS) or simply Frankston High, is a government-funded co-educational high school, located in , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The school offers education for students from Year 7 to Year 12.
School profile
Frankston High School is a large multi-campus co-educational facility situated in Frankston South. The Year 7 to 10 and Senior School (Years 11 and 12) campuses occupy sites across from one another.
The school has formed a partnership, the Frankston Federation of Schools, with the main neighbourhood primary schools Derinya, Overport, Frankston and Frankston Heights. Through this federation, staff and resources are shared. A transition program helps students adjust from primary to secondary school.
In 2006 a Tablet PC programme was launched, which created two "streams" for students to take either tablet, or non-tablet classes from the commencement of Year 7 onwards. The tablet programme was for students to use technology every day in all classes for their education. In 2015, the two streams were merged, and it was made compulsory for all students to purchase a Windows Surface Pro prior to commencing Year 7, as part of their school resources.
Frankston High School was ranked 16th out of all state secondary schools in Victoria based on VCE results in 2018.
Sustainability
An updated school sustainability policy was ratified by the school's parent council in late 2014.
In 2015 the St Kilda Eco Centre awarded students in the Eco Team a scholarship to participate in a Polperro Dolphin Swim, recognizing their investigation of micro-plastics at Frankston foreshore.
Languages
Both Japanese and French languages are established in the curriculum from Year 7 to Year 12. Sister city and sister school programmes have been established in Japan, France and Soweto, South Africa. The school operates an overseas exchange program, with Frankston High School students on exchange programs in other countries and a number of overseas students studying at Frankston.
Music
There are seven bands operating and approximately 200 students involved in the instrumental music program. Students perform regularly at assemblies and special events and rehearse in a music centre. Concert band and stage band are the two main bands which are available for students at Frankston, as well as smaller, varying music ensembles, such as the guitar ensemble. The establishment of the Harry McGurk Music Scholarship has helped students to continue with these opportunities.
Sport
Frankston High offers an array of elective sports programmes. The facilities include a basketball stadium, indoor swimming pool, gymnasium, weight room, and a new multipurpose sports ground for such sports as netball, hockey, tennis, etc.
Surf life saving
For several years, the school has been involved in the Victorian Youth Development Program (VYPD), now known as Advance, which involves surf life saving and is run with the assistance of Surf Life Saving Victoria.
Specialist programmes
The school operates Hands On Learning, Pathways and Corrective Reading programs to cater for students with different learning styles and needs.
School magazine
A school magazine entitled Kananook is published every year. It looks back over the year and recognises what the school has accomplished.
House competition
The four houses are:
Bass (formerly Janaralong; blue)
Tir-rer (formerly Asatangneen; green)
Barrbunin (formerly Kananook; gold)
Brim (formerly Eumemmering; red)
The houses' names come from early explorers of Victoria and the Port Phillip region - George Bass, William Collins, Matthew Flinders, and John Murray.
The houses compete in three major competitions: swimming, athletics and cross country.
New house names based on words in the Bunarong language will come into effect in 2022.
Sister schools
Frankston is the sister city of Susono, Shizuoka in Japan. The school maintains a sister school relationship with Kawaguchi-Kita High School in the Greater Tokyo Area, which began in 1988. Regular cultural visits and student exchanges take place between these schools.
Frankston also has a sister school relationship with Lycée Jean Zay, in Orléans, France. Students regularly visit and exchange between the two, with four-month twin exchanges during the summer holidays. Students of French have the chance to visit France every second year, with a group extending their visit to include Italian Art galleries.
Frankston High School also has a sister school relationship with Letsibogo Girls' High School in Soweto, South Africa. In conjunction with Mentone Girls' Secondary College and Mac.Robertson Girls' High School the school sponsors three girls, enabling them to spend a year studying and implementing GIS in Australia, hosted by school families.
See also
List of high schools in Victoria
References
External links
School website
Educational institutions established in 1924
Public high schools in Melbourne
1924 establishments in Australia
Frankston, Victoria |
6900355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodative%20convergence | Accommodative convergence | Accommodative convergence is that portion of the range of inward rotation of both eyes (i.e. convergence) that occurs in response to an increase in optical power for focusing by the crystalline lens (i.e. accommodation). When the human eye engages the accommodation system to focus on a near object, signal is automatically sent to the extraocular muscles that are responsible for turning their eyes inward. This is helpful for maintaining single, clear, and comfortable vision during reading or similar near tasks. However, errors in this relationship can cause problems, such as hyperopic individuals having a tendency for crossed eyes because of the over exertion of their accommodation system.
Clinically, accommodative convergence is measured as a ratio of convergence, measured in prism diopters, to accommodation, measured in diopters of near demand. The patient is instructed to make a near target perfectly clear and their phoria is measured as the focusing demand on the eye is changed with lenses.
To determine stimulus AC/A, the denominator refers to the value of the stimulus, whereas to determine response
AC/A, the actual accommodation elicited is the denominator. Determination of response AC/A an increase in AC/A mainly after 40 years of age,
whereas assessment of the stimulus AC/A does not show change in AC/A with increasing age. Whether
there is a significant increase in the response AC/A
before age 40 is unclear. Research on convergence
accommodation (CA) shows a decrease in CA/C,
whether measured by response or stimulus methods,
with increasing age.
Schor C, Narayan V. Graphical analysis of prism adaptation, convergence accommodation, and accommodative convergence. Am J Optom Physiol Optics.
1982;59:774-784.
10. Wick B, Currie D. Convergence accommodation: Laborator)' and clinical evaluation. Optom Vis Sci.
1991;68:226-231.
See also
Convergence insufficiency
Negative relative accommodation
Positive relative accommodation
References
Eye |
23574244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peresecina | Peresecina | Peresecina is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
Notable people
Sergiu Niță
Radu Sîrbu
Alexandra Remenco
References
Villages of Orhei District
Ulichs |
23574247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorkov%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Skorkov (Mladá Boleslav District) | Skorkov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Otradovice and Podbrahy are administrative parts of Skorkov.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohorniceni | Pohorniceni | Pohorniceni is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District |
23574249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smilovice%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Smilovice (Mladá Boleslav District) | Smilovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Bratronice, Rejšice, Újezd and Újezdec are administrative parts of Smilovice.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83m%C4%83nanca | Sămănanca | Sămănanca is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District |
6900366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrzej%20Smolik | Andrzej Smolik | Andrzej Smolik (born 10 February 1970, in Swinoujscie) is a Polish musician, composer, music producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He began his career as a keyboard player in the band Wilki in 1993. Later he collaborated with Wilki's vocalist, Robert Gawliński on the production of his solo album Solo. In 1996 and 1997 Smolik worked with the group Hey. He also collaborated with Hey's vocalist Kasia Nosowska on her solo album Milena in 1998. In following years he continued to work with Nosowska and Gawliński on their subsequent solo projects. He also worked with DJ Novika and with the group Myslovitz, and Artur Rojek, Mika Urbaniak, Krzysztof Krawczyk. Smolik won the national "Fryderyk" award for composers in 2003 and 2004. And in 2004 he won a 'Polityka's Passport Award' from one of the biggest opinion-forming newsmagazines in Poland - Polityka ("Politics"). His solo albums are Smolik (2001), Smolik 2 (2003), 3 (2006) and "4" (2010).
Discography
References
1970 births
Living people
Musicians from Świnoujście
Polish keyboardists
Polish record producers |
23574253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojovice | Sojovice | Sojovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants. It lies on the left bank of the Jizera River.
History
The first written mention of Sojovice is from 1360. From 1986 to 1999, it was merged with Skorkov. Since 2000, it has been a separate municipality.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.J.%20Cuddy | P.J. Cuddy | PJ Cuddy was a hurling player with Laois and Camross. He was voted on the "Laois Team of the Millennium", and has been called "the best full forward of his generation" by the Leinster Express.
Biography
Cuddy played with Laois for more than 15 years. The youngest of a family of 11, Cuddy acquired a passion for hurling at an early age. He was just 18 when he won his first Laois Senior Hurling Championship medal with Camross in 1976. Later that season, Camross captured the Leinster Senior Club Hurling Championship title with a victory over James Stephens (Kilkenny). They subsequently beat Ballycran (Down) in the All-Ireland semi-final but were denied the final title by Cork kingpins Glen Rovers.
Cuddy went on to captain the Laois under 21 team in 1979. Laois reached the Leinster final that year but their captain missed the defeat to Offaly after being sent off in an earlier game. It was the only time in his career that he missed a game through suspension.
The following year, Cuddy was promoted to the senior team (his brothers Ger and Sean had also played senior for Laois) and he made his debut as a substitute in a National Hurling League defeat to Clare at Portlaoise. He was selected from the start for Laois’ next outing against Antrim.
Despite the defeat to Clare, the O’Moore County succeeded in gaining promotion to Division 1 in 1981 and were drawn to face Tipperary in the quarter-final. Tipp were favourites, but two goals from Cuddy turned the game in Laois’ favour. They subsequently lost to neighbours and bogey side Offaly at the penultimate round stage.
A Railway Cup winner with Leinster in 1988, Cuddy brought his inter-county career to a close in 1996 with no silverware to show for his years of service. At club level, however, he garnered 12 county senior championship medals. The Cuddy name is synonymous with Camross hurling. At one stage, there were seven Cuddys on the club's senior team.
Twenty years on from his first Leinster club championship success, Cuddy won his second Leinster medal in 1996 when Camross defeated O’Toole's of Dublin in the provincial decider. Camross’ bid for the All-Ireland title was eventually ended by Athenry of Galway.
In 2009, he became the new manager of Camross.
References
Laois inter-county hurlers
Camross hurlers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
23574255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stra%C5%A1nov | Strašnov | Strašnov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susleni | Susleni | Susleni, Orhei district, Moldova is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District
Orgeyevsky Uyezd |
23574257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A1%C5%BEi%C5%A1t%C4%9B | Strážiště | Strážiště is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Kozmice is an administrative part of Strážiště.
History
The first written mention of Strážiště is from 1400.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Civella | Nicholas Civella | Nicholas Civella (born Giuseppe Nicoli Civella; March 19, 1912 – March 12, 1983) was an American mobster who became a prominent leader of the Kansas City crime family.
Early life
Civella was born to Italian immigrants in Kansas City. He was the younger brother of mobster Carl "Cork" Civella and the uncle of mobster Anthony Civella. Nicholas Civella began his criminal career as a teenager in the Italian "Northeast" neighborhood of Kansas City. Civella's first arrest was at age 10, after which he dropped out of school. Before he reached age 20, Civella had been arrested for auto theft, illegal gambling, robbery, and vagrancy.
In 1932, Civella spent two months in prison for bootlegging. In 1934 Civella married Katherine, his wife for almost fifty years. He had no children of his own. In the early 1940s, Civella became a Democratic Party precinct worker on the North Side of Kansas City and became friends with Kansas City crime boss, Charles Binaggio.
Rise to power
By the 1950s, Civella dominated criminal activity in Kansas City. In 1950, he was identified as a figure in the organized crime society during the U.S. Senate Kefauver hearings. Although Kansas City remained a satellite of the larger Chicago Outfit criminal organization, Civella attended the ill-fated 1957 Apalachin Meeting of mob bosses in Apalachin, New York. Civella's involvement with organized crime led to the Nevada Gaming Commission listing Civella as one of the first entries in the Black Book, prohibiting him from entering casinos in Nevada. Later, due to his acquaintance with Teamsters president Roy Lee Williams, Civella played an important role in controlling the Central States Pension Fund of the Teamsters Union and in the skimming of casino gambling profits in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Arrests and convictions
In 1959, Civella was sent a summons before a grand jury and subsequently convicted of tax evasion. In the two Missouri state tax evasion cases, he was convicted and fined $150 in one case, while the other case was dismissed. During this period, Civella built relations with the Cosa Nostra families in St. Louis, Denver, Milwaukee, and California.
In 1966, Civella was called to appear before a Clay County, Missouri grand jury. Afterwards, the news media asked him why it took him 15 minutes to address the group. Civella replied that he "stopped in the men’s room," where he "was drawing dirty pictures on the wall." Law enforcement agencies did not appreciate Civella’s humor or his ability to elude conviction. This would result in their constant surveillance of him for the rest of his life.
In 1977, Civella was convicted of illegal gambling charges and sent to prison. The key to the conviction was a telephone conversation recorded via wiretap during Super Bowl IV. Whereas the hometown Kansas City Chiefs were 12-point underdogs to the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings, local action favored the hometown team. When Civella phoned his bookie to determine just how much they had lost (almost $40,000), authorities used this recorded call to move on Civella and place him under arrest.
In 1980, Civella was convicted of attempting to bribe a prison official to transfer his nephew Anthony to a minimum-security prison in Texas.
Death
In February 1983, Nicholas Civella received a medical release due to poor health from the Federal Medical Center, a prison medical facility, at Springfield, Missouri. Two weeks later, on March 12, 1983, Civella died of lung cancer in Kansas City. Upon his death, his brother Carl "Cork" Civella became head of the Kansas City family.
2011 revelations
In 2011, a 900-page report by the Kansas City Police Department on the assassination of civil rights leader and politician Leon Jordan concluded that Civella had given the order to kill Jordan.
Further reading
Pileggi, Nicholas, and Shandling, Larry, Casino: Love and Honor in Las Vegas Simon & Schuster (October 12, 1995)
Neff, James. Mobbed Up: Jackie Presser's High-Wire Life in the Teamsters, the Mafia, and the FBI. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1989 .
References
Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000.
External links
NewYorkTimes.com - Reputed Mob Leader Paroled
The Mob in Decline - A Special Report: A Battered and Ailing Mafia Is Losing Its Grip on America by Selwyn Raab
Americanmafia.com - Nick Civella: Kansas City Chief by Allen May, Crime Historian (January 31, 2000)
1912 births
1983 deaths
People from Kansas City, Missouri
American gangsters of Italian descent
Kansas City crime family
American crime bosses
American people convicted of tax crimes
American people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention
Deaths from lung cancer in Missouri |
23574261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele%C8%99eu | Teleșeu | Teleșeu is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
Notable people
Vladimir Cristi
References
Villages of Orhei District |
23574262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strenice | Strenice | Strenice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20rowing%20blades | List of rowing blades | This is a list of blades of national teams, rowing clubs, schools and universities. The designs are not trademarked while the sport remains near globally not-for-profit although in some jurisdictions a club may assert design rights and similar to prevent imitation. It is also possible where identical or near identical blades are watched in winter head races or in summer side-by-side (multi-lane regatta) races for there to be instances of mistaken identity among supporters all of which considerations are commonly borne in mind instead of choosing unpainted blades among established clubs.
National teams
National teams often draw their colours from the related national flags.
Clubs
Club colours may be entirely original or very often based on local governmental or manorial coats of arms.
School and university
As with other academic sports teams the blades used tend to draw as their inspiration heraldry of their academic institutions. On rare occasions a colour difference between male and female blades is found in academic settings, as in the case of Worcester College, Oxford.
See also
Oar (sport rowing)
Gallery of sovereign state flags
List of coats of arms
List of universities
References
External links
Oar Spotter
Blades |
23574266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudom%C4%9B%C5%99 | Sudoměř | Sudoměř is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AE%C8%99c%C4%83u%C8%9Bi | Vîșcăuți | Vîșcăuți is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District
Populated places on the Dniester |
23574270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukorady%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Sukorady (Mladá Boleslav District) | Sukorady is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Martinovice is an administrative part of Sukorady.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C5%99ice | Tuřice | Tuřice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Sobětuchy is an administrative part of Tuřice.
Geography
Tuřice is located about northeast of Prague. It lies on the right bank of the Jizera river, which forms the eastern municipal border.
History
The first written mention of Tuřice is from 1194.
References
External links
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujkovice | Ujkovice | Ujkovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Shabazz%20International%20Charter%20School | Betty Shabazz International Charter School | The Betty Shabazz International Charter School is a charter school in Chicago, Illinois serving students in kindergarten through 12th grade.
History
In early 1997 when charter schools were being introduced into the Chicago Public Schools, the founders began their work to establish a free Afrocentric school. Betty Shabazz International Charter School was founded in 1998 by Robert J. Dale, Anthony Daniels-Halisi, Carol D. Lee, Haki R. Madhubuti, and Soyini Walton.
The school began as an elementary school, but began serving high school students in 2005 after Chicago Public Schools approved the school's request to open DuSable Leadership Academy campus inside of DuSable High School. The same year, the school accepted a request from the school district to open the Barbara A. Sizemore Academy campus in the Auburn Gresham community three weeks prior to the start of the academic year.
Campus
The school has three campuses on Chicago's South Side:
Betty Shabazz International Charter School, located at 7823 S. Ellis Ave., serves students in kindergarten through 8th grade;
DuSable Leadership Academy of Betty Shabazz International Charter School, located at 4934 S. Wabash Ave., serves students in 9-12th grades; and
Barbara A. Sizemore Academy of Betty Shabazz International Charter School, located at 6547 S. Stewart Ave., serves students in kindergarten through 8th grades and is named for Barbara Sizemore. This school was formerly the Chicago Public Schools Hermann Raster Elementary School, established in 1910 and named after the famed Chicago editor Hermann Raster.
Curriculum
Betty Shabazz International Charter School teaches a traditional core curriculum as well as a full arts and humanities program. Music, dance and visual arts form the center of the school's interdisciplinary approach to instruction. Through educational programs such as writing, oral tradition, history, art, music, dance, drumming and literature, students can discover and develop their creative gifts or talents.
All the schools have to follow the guidelines of the Illinois State Board of Education and the Chicago Public Schools. Benchmark assessments are conducted regularly to make sure that the teachers are following the necessary guideline for adequate teaching of lesson plans and covering the necessary school subjects. 11% of the school's students test as proficient in reading english.
References
External links
Betty Shabazz International Charter School
1998 establishments in Illinois
Charter schools in Chicago
Educational institutions established in 1998
Public elementary schools in Illinois
Public high schools in Chicago
Public middle schools in Illinois |
23574276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A9%20V%C5%A1elisy | Velké Všelisy | Velké Všelisy is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Krušiny, Malé Všelisy and Zamachy are administrative parts of Velké Všelisy.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veselice | Veselice | Veselice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Hodoul | Jean-François Hodoul | Jean-François Hodoul (11 April 1765 – 10 January 1835) was a sea captain, corsair, and later merchant and plantation owner in Île de France (now Mauritius).
Origins
Hodoul was born on 11 April 1765 La Ciotat, Provence. His father, Raymond, was a charcutiere; his mother was Geneviève Cauvin. He left for France's colonies in the Indian Ocean at the age of 24, and arrived at Mauritius in 1789, on board Scipion. Other sources state that he arrived there on 12 April 1790, the day after his 25th birthday.
He rapidly became a sea captain. By 1791 he was master of Deux Sœurs. Two years later, he was master of the brig Succès. During this period he transported slaves from Africa to the Indian Ocean colonies of Île de France and Île Bourbon (Réunion).
Privateer
In 1793 the French Revolutionary Wars broke out, and with them a battle in the Indian Ocean between Britain and France. In 1794 the British captured him and his brig Olivette when the British entered Mahé, Seychelles, capturing the colony. The now British colony retained Olivette for its government's purposes.
In June 1794 he married the 16-year old Mairie Corantine Olivette Jorre de St Jorre, daughter of a wealthy local merchant, shortly after he had started his privateering adventures.
In 1796 Hodoul went to sea again as an enseigne de vaisseau aboard the privateer Entreprise. Then he sailed aboard Général Pichegru, a recently captured British schooner previously named Hay, that Captain François Legars of Enterprise had given Jacques François Perroud. Hodoul sailed with Perroud to India. On 17 February 1797 Hodoul arrived at Port Louis with the British vessel Castor, of 150 tons (bm), which Perroud and Général Pichegru had captured in January at Visakhapatnam. She had a cargo of wheat and rice.
In May Hodoul received his first privateer command, Apollon, of ten guns and six obusiers. He sailed on 7 March with 71 men from Port-Louis for the Malabar Coast. There he captured the ship Eliza, of three masts and 350 tons (bm), herself a former French vessel. Six days later he rescued seven slaves aboard a British vessel whose crew had abandoned it after a storm. A few days later, on 17 May, near Masulipatnam, he captured Aydresev, a ship of about 500 tons, sailing under the Maharatta flag. She arrived at Port-Louis on 23 June. The captain of the prize crew, Harel, reported that on 3 May Hodoul had captured a British vessel bound for Tranquebar, then a Danish colony.
On 20 May Hodoul was at Koringa, where he captured Macré (or Macoroy, or Macroy). Her crew escaped in a chaloupe, with Hodoul in pursuit. They landed on a beach and fled inland, abandoning a chest full of pearls.
Maraq, a prize to Apollon, arrived at Port-Louis on 14 July. The captain of the prize crew was Etienne Dupeyré.
On 15 September Hodoul captured Bader Bux as she sailed from Moka towards Surat. She turned out to be his most valuable prize as she was carrying 3732 gold ecus, some piastres, 296 gold sequins, and a quantity of pearls. On 30 October, while sailing back to Mauritius, Hodoul captured Laurel, Fuggo, master. Hodoul's crew was so reduced because of the need to deploy prize crews that he put Laurels crew in irons. On 9 November he captured two vessels of the British East India Company's Bengal Pilot Service: Trayalle (), and . The schooner Harrington arrived at Port Louis on 21 December. The captain of the prize crew was Nicholas Montalent.
Hodoul and Apollon returned to Port Louis on 7 January 1798. He had with him 57 prisoners and 50-60,000 piastres from the Rey, which he had captured off Bengal and then abandoned. On 18 January Loret (probably Laurel), of 400 tons, which Apollon had also captured off Bengal, too arrived at Port-Louis.
The total value of the prizes from Hodoul's cruise on Apollon was 703,479,803 francs.
Hodoul sold his half-share in Apollon to the corsair Le Vaillant. Le Vaillant left Mauritius on 22 August 1798 and captured a valuable Portuguese vessel. However, on 10 November (French records), or 24 October (British records), captured Apollon off Mombasa and carried her crew to the Comoro Islands.
In June 1799 Marie Corantine Olivette gave birth to a son, Raymond. On 28 November the privateer Général Malartic, Jean-Marie Dutertre, master, captured the British vessel Surprise near Madras. He took Surprizes crew to the Seychelles from where Hodoul, in Success, took them to Mauritius; they arrived on 28 January 1800.
Hodoul next purchased Uni, a large vessel armed with eighteen 4-pounder and four 9-pounder guns. She had come from Nantes in 1798 and already had two cruises to her credit, both under the command of François-Thomas Le Même. Hodoul sailed on 15 May 1800 with a crew of 220 men. He reached the Seychelles on the 28th. Off Ste. Anne he captured the British privateer Henriette (or Harriot, from Cape Town), of eight guns under the command of Captain White. On 11 July Hodoul captured Helen, which was carrying 80,000 piastres. Then on 4 August he captured Friendship. However, on 5 August captured Uni and Hodoul after a chase during which Hodoul had almost all of Unis guns thrown overboard in an attempt to lighten her to gain speed. Captain Edward O. Osborne, of Arrogant, reported that Uni had left Mauritius with 250 men, and that she had 216 on board when captured, the rest being away on prizes.
When the British first sighted Uni she had been in company with another ship, and a brig. Osborne set out after the ship, which turned out to be Friendship, and which he recaptured early that night. The brig escaped; she was the Bee, from Madras sailing to Masulipatnam. Hodoul had captured both Friendship and Bee that morning.
The British took their prizes to Madras, where they arrived on 17 August. From there the British transferred Hodoul to Fort William (Calcutta). Hodoul remained a prisoner until the Treaty of Amiens (1802), ended hostilities.
After his release Hodoul settled on Mahe Island of the Seychelles. Here he became a wealthy businessman and plantation owner in the Seychelles, where he introduced cacao cultivation. He was particularly successful in the sugar and rum industries, and in cotton and coffee growing. He did not fully leave the sea as he built and owned several small ships that traded between the Seychelles and Mauritius. He also built the Petit Port and Le Grand Chantier at Mahé.
Hodoul was a man of even-handedness, especially to his daughters and sons in law, and very kind to his slaves. In July 1837 Hodoul's widow received a compensation of at least £7,171 for the liberation of at least 216 slaves who formed part of his estate.
At his wife's behest, Hodoul employed the exiled Jacobin architect Antoine Jean-Baptise Le Franc to build Château Mammelles, which is now the oldest building in the Seychelles. The British Authorities later used Hodoul's second large house, Ma Constance, to house the exiled Sultan of Perak.
Fate
Hodoul died at Mahé on 10 January 1835. His tomb bears the inscription "Il fut juste".
Legacy
Today in the harbor of Victoria, there is a small islet named Hodoul Island in his honor. Legend has it that Hodoul's treasure is buried on Silhouette Island, northwest of Mahé.
Notes, citations, and references
Notes
Citations
References
Epinay, Adrien d'. (1890) Renseignements pour servir à l'histoire de l'Île de France jusqu'à l'année 1810: inclusivement; précédés de notes sur la découverte de l'île, sur l'occupation hollandaise, etc. (Imprimerie Dupuy).
Malleson, George Bruce (1878) Final French Struggles in India and on the Indian Seas: Including an Account of the Capture of the Isles of France and Bourbon, and Sketches of the Most Eminent Foreign Adventurers in India Up to the Period of that Capture : with an Appendix Containing an Account of the Expedition from India to Egypt in 1801. (W.H. Allen).
Thomson, P.A.B. (1997) "Jean François Hodoul, corsair of the Indian Ocean". The Mariner's Mirror, Vol.83, No. 3, pp. 310–317.
Sources
Silhouette Island (Seychelles)
1765 births
1835 deaths
French privateers
French planters
Mauritian slave owners
Mauritian people of French descent |
23574279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahoreni | Zahoreni | Zahoreni is a village in Orhei District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Orhei District |
20467185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT%20representations%20in%20hip%20hop%20music | LGBT representations in hip hop music | LGBT representations in hip hop music have existed since the birth of the genre despite blatant discrimination. Hip hop has long been portrayed as one of the least LGBT-friendly genres of music, with a significant body of the genre containing homophobic views and anti-gay lyrics, with mainstream artists such as Eminem and Tyler, the Creator having used homophobia in their lyrics. Attitudes towards homosexuality in hip hop culture have historically been negative. Slang that uses homosexuality as a punchline such as "sus", "no homo", and "pause" can be heard in hip hop lyrics from some of the industry's biggest artists. However, since the early 2000s there has been a flourishing community of LGBTQ+ hip hop artists, activists, and performers breaking barriers in the mainstream music industry.
Labels such as homo hop or queer hip hop group all artists identifying as members of the LGBTQ+ community into a subgenre of hip hop based solely on their sexuality. These subgenre labels are not marked by any specific production style, as artists within it may simultaneously be associated with virtually any other subgenre of hip hop, or may also make music that falls outside the subgenre entirely. Rather, the terms are defined by a direct engagement with LGBT culture in elements such as the lyrical themes or the artist's visual identity and presentation.
Artists who have been labelled as part of the genre have, however, varied in their acceptance of the terminology. Some have supported the identification of a distinct phenomenon of "LGBTQ+ hip hop" as an important tool for promoting LGBTQ+ visibility in popular music, while others have criticized it for trivializing their music as a "niche" interest that circumscribed their appeal to mainstream music fans.
Many artists have contributed to the increased visibility and social acceptance of the LGBTQ+ community's presence in hip hop music, most notably Frank Ocean, who penned an open letter addressing his sexuality in 2012. There has also been an increased presence of LGBTQ+ supporters in the mainstream hip hop community, such as Jay-Z, Murs, Kanye West, XXXTentacion, Jack Harlow, Kendrick Lamar, Macklemore, and Ryan Lewis.
History
Origins (1970s)
Hip-hop was developed in the late 1970s following the popularity of disco. Disco music, which contains origins within Black American culture, had an impact on hip-hop from samples to early hip-hop fashion. The disco scene which was derived from disco music was known for its vibrant nightlife that was considered a haven for those in the LGBTQ+ community, particularly LGBTQ+ youth of color.
Despite these origins, early hip-hop artists expressed anti-LGBTQ+ sentiments and epithets common of the time in their music. Sugarhill Gang's 1979 song "Rapper's Delight", the first hip hop record to become a top 40 hit, referred to fictional character Superman as a "fairy" for wearing a skin-tight garment.
1980s-1990s
In 1986, the hip hop trio Beastie Boys originally wanted to name their debut album Don't Be A Faggot, but their record label Columbia Records refused to release it under that title, so it changed the title to Licensed to Ill. Years later, the Beastie Boys formally apologized to the LGBT community for the "shitty and ignorant" things they said on their first record.
During what was considered third-wave feminism, there was an infusion of Black feminist thought into hip-hop by way of Black women in the genre who emphasized issues of race, gender, and sexuality. This included Black LGBTQ+ musicians like Meshell Ndegeocello whose 1993 album Plantation Lullabies is considered an example of the evolving attitudes and politics of the hip hop generation, specifically from younger Black feminists. According to Andreana Clay, "Ndegeocello's lyrics are a product of early Black feminism, radical lesbian feminism, and hip-hop feminism."
In her music, Ndegocello has addressed sexuality and Blackness as a Black bisexual woman, garnering a following from LGBTQ+ feminists of color. Her musical content and appearance also drew criticism from certain listeners and radio stations who refused to play her music. The ideas of Black queer and lesbian feminism influenced hip hop during a moment when politics surrounding sexuality, gender, and race were shifting.
Although more radical queer politics were influencing more mainstream areas of music and society, discrimination remained and LGBTQ+ artists continued to face marginalization and barriers in airtime and commercial success.
2000s-present
Kanye West denounced homophobia in hip hop in an August 2005 interview with Sway Calloway for MTV News. He discussed how his environment led him to be homophobic, and how finding out his cousin was gay changed his perspective. This statement was radical at the time; it was the first major statement against homophobia in hip hop by a popular artist.
Further advancements in acceptance of LGBT in hip hop have begun to take place through the mid-2010s and the 2020s. In 2014, rap duo Macklemore and Ryan Lewis joined the United Nations Free & Equal campaign, which aims to advantage equal rights for LGBT people around the world.
In 2017, emo rapper XXXTentacion spoke out during his concert tour against discrimination towards gay people by hate groups, and was praised as a supporter of transgender rights by multiple transgender artists.
In 2018, rapper Eminem made headlines when he apologized for the first time in his career for previously using homophobic slurs, saying that he now realized "[he] was hurting a lot of other people by saying it." Specifically, Eminem said he regretted calling rapper Tyler, the Creator a "faggot" in his diss track, "Fall".
In 2022, rapper Kendrick Lamar received mixed reactions after he released his song "Auntie Diaries", with some praising the track for being pro-transgender.
Homo hop
The homo hop movement first emerged in the 1990s as an underground movement spearheaded by the hip-hop group Rainbow Flava, particularly in California, in part as a reaction to the widespread acceptance of homophobia in the lyrics of mainstream hip hop performers such as Eminem. Lyrics in songs such as "Criminal" on The Marshall Mathers LP demonstrate this homophobia. Initially coined by Tim'm T. West of Deep Dickollective, the term "homo hop" was not meant to signify a distinct genre of music, but simply to serve as a community building tool and promotional hook for LGBTQ+ artists. According to West:
West's bandmate Juba Kalamka offered a similar assessment:
In a 2001 interview with SFGate.com, West elaborated on the movement's goals:
The genre received a mainstream publicity boost in 2002 and 2003 when Caushun was widely reported as the first openly LGBTQ+ rapper to be signed to a major label, although Caushun was later revealed to have been a publicity stunt engineered by heterosexual musician Ivan Matias.
Notable events in the 2000s included the PeaceOUT World Homo Hop Festival, which was founded in 2001 and mounted annually until 2008, and the 2006 documentary film Pick Up the Mic. However, some music critics in this era dismissed the genre as too often sacrificing musical quality in favour of a "didactic" political agenda.
The most commercially successful LGBTQ+ rapper in the 2000s was Cazwell, who emerged as a popular artist in gay dance clubs, and has scored at least six top 40 hits on Billboard'''s Hot Dance Club Songs chart, with a hybrid pop-rap style which he has described as "if Biggie Smalls ate Donna Summer for breakfast". Cazwell described his philosophy of music as "create your own space, your own music and have people come to you," and has noted in interviews that he achieved much greater success by "breaking" the rules of the hip hop industry than he ever did in his earlier attempts to pursue mainstream success with the 1990s hip hop duo Morplay.
One of the first mainstream artists to speak out publicly against anti-gay discrimination in hip hop was Kanye West in a 2004 interview with Sway Calloway on MTV News. In the interview Kanye says, "Hip-hop does discriminate against gay people. I want to just come on TV and tell my rappers, my friends, just stop it, fam. Seriously, that's really discrimination". Kanye criticized the hip-hop community, saying, "Hip-hop seemed like it was about fighting for your rights in the beginning, about speaking your mind, and breaking down barriers or whatever, but everybody in hip-hop discriminates against gay people. To me, that's one of the standards in hip-hop is to be like, 'You fag, you gay'".
Later negative representations
In Byron Hurt's 2006 documentary Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, Hurt explores the nuanced relationships between hip-hop, masculinity, misogyny, and homophobia. Recognizing the presence of these issues in hip-hop, a genre he loves, Hurt felt a sense of hypocrisy and began working on the film. In the documentary Hurt travels around the country and interviews rap and hip hop artists, academics, and fans about their perceptions on these issues in the culture. After conducting dozens of interviews, Hurt sees a continued pattern of homophobia linked to the need to prove one's masculinity.
Through the objectification of women and domination of other men to assert another person's masculinity, a pattern of homophobia occurs in the hip hop and rap community. Rapper Busta Rhymes walks out of his interview when he is asked a question about homophobia in the rap community. Rhymes says, "I can't partake in that conversation," followed by, "With all due respect, I ain't trying to offend nobody. . . What I represent culturally doesn't condone [homosexuality] whatsoever." This reaction from Rhymes exemplifies part of the negative perception of homosexuality in the hip-hop community.
Rapper Boosie Badazz has faced criticism for his remarks directed towards artist Lil Nas X on Twitter. Boosie Badazz has repeatedly made homophobic remarks about Lil Nas X since his rise to superstardom.
Song lyrics
Ice-T stated on his autobiography that record-label executive Seymour Stein took exception to a line in his song "409": "Guys grab a girl, girls grab a guy / If a guy wants a guy, please take it outside". Ice-T later became one of the first rappers to condemn homophobia on raps such as Straight Up Nigga and The Tower in his album O.G. Original Gangster (1991).
Many songs by rapper Eminem have been considered homophobic for his frequent use of anti-gay slurs, especially the song "Criminal" from his third album The Marshall Mathers LP (2000), which contains lines like: "My words are like a dagger with a jagged edge, That'll stab you in the head, whether you're a fag or les', Or a homosex, hermaph or a trans-a-vest, Pants or dress, hate fags? The answer's 'yes'". In an interview with Anderson Cooper on 60 Minutes, Eminem denied being homophobic and explained the frequent use of the term "faggot" in his lyrics, that this word was "thrown around constantly" in battle rap, and that he does not use it to refer to gay people.The Marshall Mathers LP was nominated for Album of the Year at the Grammy Awards 2001, which led to protests due to the album's controversial content. At the show, Eminem performed "Stan" with openly gay musician Elton John in response. Eminem experienced more backlash in 2018, after he released his surprise album Kamikaze. On December 11, 2017, rapper Tyler, The Creator tweeted "dear god this song is horrible sheesh how the fuck", which fans quickly realised was directed at Eminem's new single at the time, "Walk On Water". On the track "Fall" from Kamikaze, Eminem responded to Tyler, The Creator's criticisms, where he raps "Tyler create nothin', I see why you call yourself a faggot, bitch / It's not because you lack attention, it's because you worship D12's balls, you're sacreligeous".
This is most likely in relation to Tyler's sexuality being a major spectacle within his fanbase, with a lot of his lyrics hinting at homosexuality. Before the album was released, however, the slur was censored. Eminem joined Sway Calloway in a series of interviews after Kamikaze's release, where he explained that he regretted using the slur against Tyler. "In my quest to hurt him, I realised that I was hurting a lot of other people by saying it. At the time, I was so mad, it was just whatever...", "...it was one of the things I kept going back to, going 'I don't feel right with this.'" Justin Vernon, who provided the chorus for "Fall", publicly condemned Eminem's language on the song, tweeting "Was not in the studio for the Eminem track... came from a session with BJ Burton and Mike Will. Not a fan of the message, it's tired. Asked them to change the track, wouldn't do it...".
In 2020, Eminem released his album Music To Be Murdered By, in which he collaborated on a song with openly queer New York rapper Young M.A. In 2010, while being interviewed by Anderson Cooper for 60 Minutes, Eminem was challenged about his homophobic lyrics, to which he said: "The scene that I came up in, that word was thrown around so much. You know? 'Faggot', it was thrown around constantly to each other, like, in battling." When Anderson Cooper asked Eminem if he 'didn't like gay people', Eminem replied: "I don't have any problem with nobody [sic]."
In 2020, rappers Insane Clown Posse denounced past use of homophobic slurs in their lyrics, saying that their producer Mike E. Clark is gay, and that "We wanted to be like gangsta rap, and gangsta rap said it all the time" but "There was never a time when we had a problem with gay people."
In the lyrics of one song on rapper Trick-Trick's 2008 album The Villain, he refers to Ellen DeGeneres and Rosie O'Donnell as "dyke bitches" and says that he will send a "scud missile right through their fucking cruise ship". Trick-Trick expressed his dislike towards homosexuals in an interview with music site AllHipHop: "Faggots hate me and I don't give a fuck. I don't want your faggot money any goddam way."
The phrase "No Homo" is often used in today's hip hop lyrics and Black culture. It means "no gay things" or "nothing gay". One example of the term's usage is in the Jay-Z song, "Run This Town". Kanye West, one of the featured artists on the song, stated, "It's crazy how you can go from being Joe Blow / to everybody on your dick...no homo."
Evolution
By the early 2010s, a new wave of openly LGBTQ+ hip hop musicians began to emerge, spurred in part by the increased visibility and social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people, the coming out of mainstream hip hop stars such as Azealia Banks and Frank Ocean, and the release of LGBT-positive songs by heterosexual artists such as Murs, Macklemore, and Ryan Lewis.
Although inspired and empowered by the homo hop movement, this newer generation of artists garnered more mainstream media coverage and were able to make greater use of social media tools to build their audience, and thus did not need to rely on the old homo hop model of community building. Many of these artists were also strongly influenced by the LGBTQ+ African American ball culture, an influence not widely seen in the first wave of homo hop, and many began as performance art projects and incorporated the use of drag. Accordingly, many of the newer artists were identified in media coverage with the newer "queer hip hop" label instead of "homo hop".
In 2008, Jipsta released the single "Middle of the Dancefloor" which spent a total of 14 weeks (peaking at #6 for two consecutive weeks) on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart. This achievement was noteworthy for LGBTQ+ hip-hop as it marked the first time an openly gay white rapper earned a Top 10 single on the Billboard Club Play chart. The following year, Jipsta released a cover of the George Michael song "I Want Your Sex", which rose to the #4 position on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart in only 4 weeks time, resulting in the first Top 5 Billboard charting record by an LGBTQ+ hip-hop artist.
In March 2012, Carrie Battan of Pitchfork profiled Mykki Blanco, Le1f, Zebra Katz and House of Ladosha in an article titled "We Invented Swag: NYC Queer Rap" about "a group of NYC artists [who] are breaking down ideas of hip-hop identity".
In October 2012, Details profiled several LGBTQ+ hip hop artists "indelibly changing the face—and sound—of rap".
In March 2014, the online magazine Norient.com published a first overview of queer hip hop videos worldwide. The article talks about topics, aesthetics and challenges of LGBTQ+ hip hop in Angola, Argentina, Cuba, Germany, Israel, Serbia, South Africa and the USA."
Increasingly, focus on the development of Queer voices in the international hip-hop community has gained more precedent with articles published looking at how Queer rappers use the art-form as a type of therapy. A Winter 2016 article from Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education looked at how utilizing the art-form helped challenge traditional notions of hip hop and sexual identity.
In December 2016, Los Angeles-based rapper Thed Jewel, who raps "My skin is black, sexuality is Fuchsia" said: "There are a lot of rappers that are homosexuals and their day to be open with it will come one way or another".
In August 2018, openly gay member of Brockhampton, Kevin Abstract voiced his efforts to change hip hop's issue with homophobia in an interview with the BBC by stating: "I have to exist in a homophobic space in order to make change and that homophobic space would be the hip hop community. So me just existing and being myself is making change and making things easier for other young queer kids".
In June 2019, Lil Nas X, who performed the hit song "Old Town Road", took the opportunity to publicly come out during Pride Month, making him one of the most visible Black queer male singers to do so, especially in country or hip hop genres, which emphasize machismo and "historically snubbed queer artists". Black queer male artists in hip hop gaining mainstream acceptance are relatively new—preceding Nas X by less than a decade—including Frank Ocean (with his 2012 album Channel Orange), Tyler, the Creator, ILoveMakonnen, Brockhampton frontman Kevin Abstract and Steve Lacy. Black queer female artists have been accepted more readily; while the underground queer hip hop movement goes back to the 1990s.
Criticism
Some artists have criticized the genre as an arbitrary label that can potentially limit the artist's audience and may not actually correspond to their artistic goals or career aspirations. In 2013, Brooke Candy told The Guardian:
One unspecified artist declined to be interviewed for the Guardian feature at all, stating that he preferred to be known as a rapper rather than as a "gay rapper". Eric Shorey, author of "Queer Rap is Not Queer Rap", contests "queer rap" labeling, arguing that "comparisons between gay and straight rap (as if they were two distinct genres) simply doesn't make sense without implied bigotry". As Shorey writes, this subversive genre is steeped in racism and homophobia in and of itself, and merely serves to further marginalize the identities and narratives it allegedly gives a voice to.
Though Western society has a predisposition to impose socially construed labels and binaries, Shorey dismisses the notion of heteronormative categorical identification, insisting that listeners ignore these sexuality-based hip hop classifications and listen more closely to the quality of music being produced. He also suggests that queer artists should be booked alongside straight artists, showing that they are equally talented, and deserve the same amount of recognition.
Despite criticism, others have been more circumspect about the dichotomy. British rapper RoxXxan told the Guardian that "I want to be perceived as 'RoxXxan,' but if people label me as 'gay rapper RoxXxan' I'm not offended." Nicky Da B told Austinist'' that "Basically, I perform for a LGBTQ+ crowd but also for everyone. A lot of the bounce rappers that are rapping and touring at the moment are all gay. The LGBTQ+ community just capitalizes on that I guess, from us being gay, and they support us on it, so that's how it goes I guess."
Commercialization
Another criticism arises from the perceived commercialization of LGBTQ+ representation by hip hop artists. A good example of this is with Nicki Minaj and her approach to presenting sexuality and sexual orientation. She often presents queerness in her music videos and lyrics. This approach has been analyzed by critics of Nicki as "strategic queerness". Fly Young Red went viral on YouTube for his song "Throw That Boy Pussy" in 2014. Other artists, such as Azealia Banks, Angel Haze, and Young M.A. have openly discussed their sexuality in their lyrics and expression of style.
Notable artists
070 Shake
Abdu Ali
Angel Haze
Anye Elite
Backxwash
Azealia Banks
Bali Baby
BbyMutha
Big Dipper
Big Freedia
Big Momma
Brooke Candy
Cakes da Killa
Cazwell
Mike E. Clark
D. Smith
Deadlee
Deep Dickollective
D'Lo
Drebae
Drew Mason
Fly Young Red
Frank Ocean
God-Des and She
House of Ladosha
ILoveMakonnen
Jai'Rouge
Jay Dillinger (aka Marlon Williams)
Jesse Dangerously
Jipsta
Jonny Makeup
Jonny McGovern
Juba Kalamka
Katastrophe
Kae Tempest
Katey Red
Kaytranada
Kehlani
Kevin Abstract
K.Flay
Lady Sovereign
Le1f
Lil Darkie
Lil Nas X
Lil Peep
Lil Phag
Lucas Charlie Rose
Melange Lavonne
Mykki Blanco
Nicky da B
Oliver Twixt
ppcocaine
Princess Nokia
QBoy
Queen Pen
Rainbow Flava
Rainbow Noise
RoxXxan
Samantha Ronson
Saucy Santana
Saul Williams
Sissy Nobby
Sasha Sathya
Shorty Roc
Snow Tha Product
Soce, the elemental wizard
Solomon
Steve Lacy
Syd tha Kid
Taylor Bennett
Tim'm T. West
Titica
Tori Fixx
TT the Artist
Tyler, the Creator
Willow Smith
Will Sheridan
Yo Majesty
Young M.A.
Yves Tumor
Zebra Katz
See also
African-American culture and sexual orientation
Homophobia in ethnic minority communities
Misogyny in rap music
References
Criticism of hip-hop |
23574280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vina%C5%99ice%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Vinařice (Mladá Boleslav District) | Vinařice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
6900423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Millman | Joan Millman | Joan L. Millman (born April 20, 1940) represented District 52 in the New York State Assembly, which consists of the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Cobble Hill, Boerum Hill, Carroll Gardens, Vinegar Hill, Gowanus, DUMBO, Park Slope, Brooklyn Heights and Prospect Heights.
Chosen in a special election held in 1997, Millman served as the Chairwoman of the Assembly Commission on Government Administration and the Assembly Task Force on Women's Issues, as well as sitting on the Assembly committees on Aging, Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, Corporations, among several other standing committee assignments.
Prior to her election to the Assembly, from 1985 to 1996, Millman served as an educational consultant in several capacities, including as a consultant to former NY City Council President Carol Bellamy and Senator Martin Connor, as well as facilitator for Comprehensive School Development and Planning. She was also a member of the Citywide Advisory Committee on Middle School Initiatives from 1995 to 1996.
Millman holds a B.A. from Brooklyn College, as well as an M.A. in Library Science from the Pratt Institute.
In early 2014, the Assembly member announced that she would retire from the New York State Assembly and not run for reelection
in the same year.
On September 10, 2014, Jo Anne Simon won a 3 way Democratic Primary to succeed Assemblymember Millman. Jo Ann Simon won 5,482 (52.9%) out of 10,371 votes in this September 2014 election.
References
External links
Assemblywoman Joan Millman (D) Official NYS Assembly member website.
Re: Atlantic Yards Arena and Redevelopment Project Draft Scope of Analysis Testimony before the Empire State Development Corporation.
Biography: New York State Democratic Committee
The Daily Gotham, Help Support a Bill that will Protect NYC Children
Millman's response to the 2008 Candidate Questionnaire for State Senate and Assembly from the 504 Democratic Club of New York City
1940 births
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) Democrats
Living people
Women state legislators in New York (state)
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Brooklyn College alumni
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians |
23574281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinec%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Vinec (Mladá Boleslav District) | Vinec is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlkava | Vlkava | Vlkava is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Bor is an administrative part of Vlkava.
Notable people
Šimon Brixi (1693–1735), composer
References
Villages in Mladá Boleslav District |
23574286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20%28composer%29 | Fuzzy (composer) | Jens Vilhelm Pedersen, also known as Fuzzy (born 23 February 1939) is a Danish composer and musician. A student of Per Nørgård, Karlheinz Stockhausen, György Ligeti and Jan Bark. He taught music history and theory at the Royal Academy of Music in Aarhus until 1978.
His music spans a wide range of genre from jazz, over film music, to experimental electronic music.
In 1972, he composed the music for the Rainer Werner Fassbinder TV series Eight Hours Don't Make a Day under the pseudonym Jean Gepoint.
External links
Fuzzy biography from Naxos
(in Danish) including CV in English
1939 births
Living people
Danish composers
Male composers |
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