id
stringlengths 9
15
| page_id
stringlengths 5
8
| page_url
stringlengths 31
312
| page_title
stringlengths 1
218
| text
stringlengths 21
2k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
27336635_0_0 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
The P3b is a subcomponent of the P300, an event-related potential (ERP) component that can be observed in human scalp recordings of brain electrical activity. The P3b is a positive-going amplitude (usually relative to a reference behind the ear or the average of two such references) peaking at around 300 ms, though the peak will vary in latency (delay between stimulus and response) from 250 to 500 ms or later depending upon the task and on the individual subject response. Amplitudes are typically highest on the scalp over parietal brain areas. |
27336635_0_1 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
The P3b has been a prominent tool used to study cognitive processes for several decades. More specifically, this ERP component has played a key role in cognitive psychology research on information processing. Generally speaking, improbable events will elicit a P3b, and the less probable the event, the larger the P3b. However, in order to elicit a P3b, the improbable event must be related to the task at hand in some way (for example, the improbable event could be an infrequent target letter in a stream of letters, to which a subject might respond with a button press). The P3b can also be used to measure how demanding a task is on cognitive workload. |
27336635_0_2 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. History
Early observations of the P3b were reported in the mid-1960s. In 1964, researchers Chapman and Bragdon. found that ERP responses to visual stimuli differed depending on whether the stimuli had meaning or not. They showed subjects two kinds of visual stimuli: numbers and flashes of light. Subjects viewed these stimuli one at a time in a sequence. For every two numbers, the subjects were required to make simple decisions, such as telling which of the two numbers was numerically smaller or larger, which came first or second in the sequence, or whether they were equal. When examining evoked potentials to these stimuli (i.e., ERPs), Chapman and Bragdon found that both the numbers and the flashes elicited the expected sensory responses (e.g., visual N1 components), and that the amplitude of these responses varied in an expected fashion with the intensity of the stimuli. They also found that the ERP responses to the numbers, but not to the light flashes, contained a large positivity that peaked around 300 ms after the stimulus appeared. They also noted that the amplitude of this positivity was not affected by the intensity of the stimulus. Chapman and Bragdon speculated that this differential response to the numbers, which came to be known as the P300 response, resulted from the fact that the numbers were meaningful to the participants, based on the task that they were asked to perform. |
27336635_0_3 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
In 1965, Sutton and colleagues published results from two experiments that further explored this late positivity. They presented subjects with either a cue that indicated whether the following stimulus would be a click or a flash, or a cue which required subjects to guess whether the following stimulus would be a click or a flash. They found that when subjects were required to guess what the following stimulus would be, the amplitude of the "late positive complex" was larger than when they knew what the stimulus would be. In a second experiment, they presented two cue types. For one cue there was a 2 in 3 chance that the following stimulus would be a click and a 1 in 3 chance that the following stimulus would be a flash. The second cue type had probabilities that were the reverse of the first. They found that the amplitude of the positive complex was larger in response to the less probable stimuli, or the one that only had a 1 in 3 chance of appearing. Another important finding from these studies is that this late positive complex was observed for both the clicks and flashes, indicating that the physical type of the stimulus (auditory or visual) did not matter. |
27336635_0_4 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
In later studies published in 1967, Sutton and colleagues had subjects guess whether they would hear one click or two clicks. They observed a positivity around 300 ms after the second click occurred or would have occurred in the case of the single click. They also had subjects guess how long the interval between clicks might be, and the late positivity occurred 300 ms after the second click. This shows two important findings: first that this late positivity occurred when the uncertainty about the type of click was resolved, and second that even an absence of a stimulus, when it was relevant to the task, would elicit the late positive complex. These early studies encouraged the use of ERP methods to study cognition and provided a foundation for the extensive work on the P3b in the decades that followed. |
27336635_0_5 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
Since the initial discovery of this ERP component, research has shown that the P300 is not a unitary phenomenon. Rather, we can distinguish between two subcomponents of the P300: the novelty P3, or P3a, and the classic P3, or P3b. This article focuses on the P3b. |
27336635_0_6 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Component characteristics
Assuming that a cephalic reference is used (i.e., a reference electrode placed somewhere on the head, such as the tip of the nose or the chin), the P3b is a positive-going ERP whose latency at peak amplitude is usually about 300 ms to simple sensory stimuli. Amplitude has been defined as the difference between the mean pre-stimulus baseline voltage and the voltage of the largest (in this case, positive-going) peak of the ERP waveform in a specific time window. P3b amplitude is generally relatively large (10–20 microvolts), but varies systematically as a function of a number of important factors (see Functional significance: Factors that influence amplitude). Latency has been defined as the time from the onset of the stimulus (or whatever the desired point of measurement might be) to the point of maximum amplitude. The latency of the P3b is usually around 300 ms, though this can vary within a time window of around 250–500 ms (or later) depending on factors such as task conditions and the age of the subjects (see Functional significance: Factors influence latency). |
27336635_0_7 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
The scalp distribution of P3b is generally larger over parietal areas. However, using a 15-electrode setup with a linked-earlobe reference and an oddball task (described below), researchers have also found that the positivity increased moving from frontal to parietal sites, and that females have a greater increase than males. Other research, using the International 10-20 System with a left mastoid reference and an oddball task, has shown that with increasing age, the distribution of P3b tends to shift more frontally. Thus, the exact distribution may be dependent upon the task, as well as the gender and age of the subjects. |
27336635_0_8 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Main paradigms
The P3b can be observed in a variety of experimental contexts. The most common paradigms will either present infrequent, task-relevant stimuli as a way to elicit a P3b, or they will employ two tasks at the same time to use P3b as a measure of cognitive workload. Of course, any experimental paradigm in which participants are instructed to attend to and evaluate stimuli should elicit a P3b component, including selective attention tasks, explicit memory tasks, and visual search tasks (for thorough reviews of experimental paradigms which have been used to elicit this component, see Kok, 2001 and Verleger, 1997). |
27336635_0_9 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Oddball paradigms
Two classic paradigms are the two-stimulus oddball task and the three-stimulus oddball task, the latter of which is used to examine both P3b and P3a. In a classic two-stimulus oddball task, a sequence of visual stimuli is presented. For example, subjects might see a string of letters presented one at a time. A less frequent "target" or "oddball" stimulus such as the letter T is presented along with more frequent "standard" stimuli, such as the letter S. The subject is typically instructed to respond in some way (such as with a button press) only to the targets, and to ignore the standards. The P3b is typically observed around 300 ms after each presentation of the target (oddball) stimulus. |
27336635_0_10 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
A three-stimulus oddball task is exactly like the two-stimulus oddball task, except that in addition to the targets and standards, an infrequent, deviant stimulus such as the letter "D" will appear. These are often known as deviant standards, because they are not the target of the task but they differ from the regular standard. The P3b has been shown to respond only to task-relevant stimuli, or the targets that are actively being searched for (in this example, the letter T). Therefore, the deviant standard "D" will not elicit a strong P3b because it is not relevant to the task. However, the deviant standard will still elicit an earlier, positive-going potential that is usually higher over frontal sites known as the P3a. Unlike the P3b, the P3a will habituate with repeated presentations. |
27336635_0_11 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Dual-task paradigms
Another set of paradigms used to study the P3b are dual task paradigms. There are several variations of the dual task paradigm, and they can be used to study cognitive workload (see Kok, 2001). Workload can be defined as the amount of processing resources required for a particular task. In a dual-task paradigm, participants are given two tasks to perform simultaneously; a primary task and a secondary task. Though the primary task can be of virtually any type, the secondary task should involve some traditional P300 paradigm (e.g., an oddball task). When these tasks are performed concurrently, we would expect to see a reduction in P3b amplitude in response to the secondary task if the primary task requires some stimulus evaluation resources. Furthermore, the extent of this reduction is presumed to reflect the amount of workload associated with the primary task. In fact, there should be a reciprocal relationship between the amplitudes of the P3b response elicited by the primary and secondary tasks, respectively. If the primary task is easier (i.e., requires less stimulus evaluation resources), participants have more resources left over to devote to the secondary task. Conversely, if the primary task is harder (i.e., requires more stimulus evaluation resources), participants have less resources left over to devote to the secondary task. |
27336635_0_12 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
To give an example, subjects might perform a primary task, such as tracking a visual object on a screen with a joystick, concurrently with a secondary task of mentally counting oddballs in an auditory stream. The difficulty of the primary task is usually manipulated in various ways, and the impacts of these manipulations on the P3b response to the secondary task are examined. For example, in one condition subjects might track the one-dimensional movement of an object (only up and down), and in the more difficult condition they might have to track two dimensional movement (any direction on a computer screen). A motor manipulation like this will typically impact reaction times on the secondary task, but will not impact the P3b response. However, if you increase the demand on working memory or other cognitive resources during the primary task, for example by adding objects to the screen or only having subjects selectively attend to one part of the screen, the amplitude of the P3b in response to oddballs in the secondary task will diminish. The amount that it diminishes can be a measure of how many working memory or stimulus evaluation resources are being used by the primary task. |
27336635_0_13 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b.
In another variation of the dual-task paradigm, subjects are presented with a visual stream of items presented one at a time. In this stream there are two targets, each of which requires a separate response. The amount of time or items separating the two targets is varied, and the amplitude of the P3b in response to the second item is examined. Diminished amplitude of the P3b response to the second target would be expected when the first target required more processing or working memory resources. |
27336635_1_0 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
Donchin stated that the less probable the event, the larger the P3b amplitude will be. There are several types of probability that can affect P3b amplitude: global probability, or how frequent the targets are relative to the number of standards (for example, P3b amplitude is greater when targets make up 10 percent of the stimuli than when targets comprise 20 percent of the stimuli); local probability, or the probability within the specific sequence of the events (for example, whether a target followed a standard or another target); and temporal probability, or how frequently targets occur within a one-minute time period (whether standards are present or not). |
27336635_1_2 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
More recently, Albert Kok reviewed the literature on cognitive workload, and concluded that P3b amplitude depends on the demands on cognitive capacity. In dual-task paradigms like those described above, subjects are required to perform a primary and a secondary task. When the primary task is more perceptually and cognitively demanding, the P3b amplitude in response to oddballs in the secondary task is decreased. Kok also supports aspects of Johnson's theory, stating that the amount of attention allocated to a task, the relevance of the stimulus to the task, and the probability of the stimulus will all help determine what the P3b amplitude will be. |
27336635_1_3 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
Consistently with the models by Johnson and Kok, a model of the P300 response magnitude was proposed by Levi-Aharoni, Shriki and Tishby, based on the Information Bottleneck framework and a prediction-error model by Rubin et al. Their results show that the single-trial variability in the P300 response magnitude can be explained by a subjective surprise that is constructed from compressed probability representations, dependent on the memory capacity allocated to the task and on the relevant features of preceding stimuli for predicting the upcoming stimulus. According to this model, the higher is the allocated memory capacity, the more accurate is the stimulus representation and the larger is the surprise response deviants are expected to elicit. Furthermore, based on this dependency they proposed a method to utilize the individual P300 response to obtain an estimate of individual recent memory capacity. |
27336635_1_4 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Gender, learning, and asymmetries
Other variables have been found to influence P3b amplitude. Some research using oddball tasks has indicated that females have larger P3b amplitudes than males, and that the amplitude increases more moving from frontal to parietal areas. Other research has found that learning in a topic area can affect P3b amplitude in tasks related to that area. One study took a group of individuals and gave some of them training in standard musical chord progressions while the others remained untrained. All were then given chord sequences that contained violations. Researchers found that those who had received prior training had greater P3b amplitudes in response to harmonic violations in musical sequences. This is presumably because those with training had more experience with the rules that govern harmonics, and therefore have a larger degree of expectancy for chord progressions and are more sensitive to deviance. There is also some evidence to suggest that in all subjects, P3b amplitude is distributed asymmetrically over the scalp. Research has shown that P3b amplitudes are systematically larger over the right frontal and central hemispheres than the left, though there is some debate as to whether this is due to structural causes (such as skull thickness or cranial irregularities) or to cognitive causes. |
27336635_1_6 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
Functional significance: Factors that influence latency
In line with the view that the P3b component reflects uncertainty resolution, there is evidence to suggest that time at which this component begins to appear in the ERP (i.e., its latency) corresponds to the time at which uncertainty is resolved. For example, Sutton et al. (1967) performed a study in which they manipulated when uncertainty could be resolved. More specifically, participants were presented with either single or double (auditory) clicks that varied in intensity. In one condition, participants were asked to report the number of clicks they heard. When a double click occurred, the P3b response occurred approximately 300 ms after the second click. More importantly, the timing of the P3b response was almost identical when only a single click was presented, suggesting that this component was generated based upon when the second click might have occurred. In fact, when the duration between the two clicks was manipulated, the onset of the P3b was delayed by the exact amount of time between them (e.g., when the second click was presented 500 ms after the first one, the P3b response occurred at 800 ms). In contrast, when participants were instructed to respond based upon the intensity of the clicks, the P3b response always occurred approximately 300 ms after the first click. Presumably, participants could determine the intensity of the clicks based upon the first one; thus, the first click resolved their uncertainty. |
27336635_1_7 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
If in fact the latency of the P3b component reflects the timing of uncertainty resolution, then one might expect the latency of this component to be closely related to the difficulty of the evaluation or categorization. In fact, there is now ample evidence to support this claim. For example, McCarthy & Donchin (1981) presented participants with 3 x 3 matrices, each of which contained either the word 'LEFT' or the word 'RIGHT'. Their task was to respond when they located the direction word in the matrix, and the identity of the word determined what type of response they should make. McCarthy and Donchin found that the P3b component occurred significantly earlier when the rest of the items in the matrix were number signs (#), relative to when the rest of the items were random letters. In essence, the random letters served as "noise", which caused participants to take longer to identify the target word. Along these same lines, several other task manipulations which are thought to influence the difficulty of the evaluation or categorization involved have been found to influence P3b latency (e.g., decreasing the physical intensity of the stimuli; see Verleger, 1997 for a review). Collectively, these findings suggest that P3b latency reflects the amount of time it takes participants to evaluate or categorize the stimulus in question. |
27336635_1_8 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
Given that performance indices (such as response times) have long been used in cognitive psychology to study the duration and/or timing of mental events, one might ask whether P3b latency simply provides a comparable neural index of these same processes. Research suggests that P3b latency is highly correlated with response times when participants are instructed to prioritize accuracy in their responses, but is less correlated with response times when participants are instructed to prioritize speed in their responses. This pattern of results suggests that the P3b primary reflects stimulus evaluation processes, whereas response times are thought to reflect both stimulus evaluation and response selection (but for a critique of this claim, see Verleger, 1997). More specifically, when participants are instructed to prioritize speed (i.e., to respond as quickly as possible), they may respond before stimulus evaluation is complete (which is consistent with the fact that participants tend to make more errors under these conditions). Additional support for this conclusion comes from the finding that P3b latency is not affected by experimental manipulations thought to influence response selection processes (e.g., stimulus-response compatibility), whereas reaction times are (e.g., McCarthy & Donchin, 1981). An important implication of this conclusion is that the P3b component can used to identify the "locus of interference" in many popular cognitive paradigms. For example, Luck (1998) found that P3b latency was only slightly delayed during the psychological refractory period (PRP), suggesting that response time interference in this paradigm primarily reflects a delay in response selection. |
27336635_1_9 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
Other factors which have been found to influence the latency of the P3b response include factors related to physiological arousal, such as heart rate and caffeine consumption, as well as factors related to cognitive capacity, such as age and differences in how rapidly individuals can allocate attentional resources. |
27336635_1_10 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Theory
Several theories have been put forward about what cognitive processes the P3b reflects. Donchin proposed a "context updating model". This model posits that the brain constantly and automatically generates hypotheses about the environment and what it is about to experience. A P300 wave, including a P3b, is generated when the brain receives information that indicates that it needs to change these hypotheses, or update its mental model of the world. In other words, a P300 is elicited whenever there is sufficient information to indicate that the brain needs to update working memory. Though the "context updating" account is well supported by existing research, several alternative theories have been proposed. For example, Verleger and colleagues (2005) have proposed that the P3b component reflects a process that mediates between perceptual analysis and response initiation. More specifically, this process emerges from a cognitive mechanism responsible for monitoring whether the classification of a stimulus is appropriately translated into action. This theory constitutes a direct challenge to the widely held view that the P3b component reflects processes involved in perception but not response initiation (see Verleger, 1997). |
27336635_1_11 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
Another theory proposed by Kok proposed that the P3b reflects mechanisms involved in event categorization, or the process that leads to the decision about whether an external stimulus matches or does not match an internal representation of a specific category or stimulus. Categorization requires processes such as attention, perception, and working memory, all of which are known to affect P3b amplitude (as reviewed above), and thus this model integrates the research findings on P3b. Kok also discusses another "template-matching model", where subjects are required to detect a target and create a representation or "template" of the stimulus, and the P3b is strongest when the template is matched by presented stimuli. The template-matching model is similar to the event categorization model, and suggests that the P3b reflects processes that underlie recognition memory (which can also require working memory.) The event-categorization model has similarities to the model proposed by Verleger that suggests that the P3 is generated during the "closure" of a perceptual cycle. The cognitive version of Verleger's model suggests that the P3b is generated when a decision is made that a stimulus belongs to a task-relevant category. As Kok summarizes, P3b appears to integrate processes that are required to identify and match a stimulus with some kind of internal representation. |
27336635_1_12 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Neural origins
The neural generators of the P3b are highly debated. Early studies using electrodes implanted in the brain indicated that the hippocampal formation might generate the P300. However, later work found that if the hippocampus is lesioned or damaged, the P300 is still generated and no reliable differences in its amplitude or latency are observed. Subsequent research found that lesioning the temporal-parietal lobe junction significantly affected P300 production, indicating that this area may contain one or more generators of the P3b. This suggests that the P3b might indicate some kind of circuit pathway between frontal and temporal/parietal brain areas. A temporal-parietal generator would be logical, because P3b appears to be elicited when attentional resource activations promote working memory and other processes in temporal-parietal areas. Further EEG research utilizing source modeling techniques, along with research using alternative brain imaging methods (e.g., fMRI, MEG), intracranial recordings, and brain injury patients, has also indicated that the P3b component originates from activation in the parietal and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex. There is also some evidence that activation is certain limbic structures, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, may contribute to the P3b component. |
27336635_1_13 | 27336635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b | P3b | P3b. Cognitive variables
It is not yet known which neurotransmitter systems are responsible for the generation of P3b. The temporal-parietal region is densely populated by norepenepherine inputs, and there is some evidence that the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system might be responsible for generating the P3b. Because many of these studies were conducted using animals, further research is needed to determine the neurotransmitters that are responsible for P3b generation. |
27336643_0_0 | 27336643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee%20%28song%29 | Bee (song) | Bee (song).
'"Bee" is a song recorded by German singers Lena Meyer-Landrut and Jennifer Braun, composed by American-Israeli songwriter Rosi Golan, American singer-songwriter Mayaeni Strauss and Norwegian songwriter Per Kristian Ottestad. Both Braun and Meyer-Landrut released their versions of the song, but Meyer-Landrut's version outperformed Braun's, reaching number three in the German singles chart while Braun's version peaked at No. 21. |
27336643_1_0 | 27336643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee%20%28song%29 | Bee (song) | Bee (song). Jennifer Braun version
"Bee" was one of three songs performed by Jennifer Braun in the final of Unser Star für Oslo (Our Star for Oslo), the national pre-selection programme for Germany's entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. However, the audience chose Braun's contender Lena Meyer-Landrut and her version of the song "Satellite" for the contest in Oslo. "Bee" was made available for digital download on 13 March 2010 and is also featured on Braun's maxi single "I Care for You". "Bee" subsequently charted in Germany, reaching a peak position of No. 21. |
27336643_1_1 | 27336643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee%20%28song%29 | Bee (song) | Bee (song). Credits and personnel
Lead vocals – Jennifer Braun
Producer – Per Kristian "Boots" Ottestad
Music – Rosi Golan, Per Kristian "Boots" Ottestad, Mayaeni Strauss
Lyrics – Rosi Golan, Per Kristian "Boots" Ottestad, Mayaeni Strauss
Label: USFO for Universal Deutschland |
27336643_2_0 | 27336643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee%20%28song%29 | Bee (song) | Bee (song). Lena Meyer-Landrut version
"Bee" was also performed by Lena Meyer-Landrut in the final of Unser Star für Oslo. However, the audience chose "Satellite" to be her designated song for the contest in Oslo. Meyer Landrut's version of "Bee" was also made available for digital download on 13 March 2010, and is featured on Meyer-Landrut's maxi single "Satellite". The song subsequently charted in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, reaching peak positions of #3, #26 and #27 respectively. |
27336643_2_1 | 27336643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee%20%28song%29 | Bee (song) | Bee (song). Lena Meyer-Landrut version
"Bee" is from Meyer-Landrut's debut album My Cassette Player, which was released on 7 May 2010. |
27336643_3_0 | 27336643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee%20%28song%29 | Bee (song) | Bee (song). Credits and personnel
Lead vocals – Lena Meyer-Landrut
Producer – Per Kristian "Boots" Ottestad
Music – Rosi Golan, Per Kristian "Boots" Ottestad, Mayaeni Strauss
Lyrics – Rosi Golan, Per Kristian "Boots" Ottestad, Mayaeni Strauss
Label: USFO for Universal Deutschland |
27336659_0_0 | 27336659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Keet | Jim Keet | Jim Keet.
James Holland Keet (born May 12, 1949), is a restaurant owner in Little Rock, Arkansas, and a former member of the Arkansas House of Representatives and the Arkansas State Senate. Keet was the Republican nominee for governor of Arkansas in the November 2, 2010, gubernatorial election but lost the race to the incumbent Democrat Mike Beebe. |
27336659_1_0 | 27336659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Keet | Jim Keet | Jim Keet. 1944 births
Living people
American restaurateurs
Businesspeople from Florida
Arkansas Republicans
Florida Republicans
People from Gulf Breeze, Florida
Arkansas state senators
Members of the Arkansas House of Representatives
Businesspeople from Little Rock, Arkansas
Politicians from Springfield, Missouri
Politicians from Little Rock, Arkansas
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
Southern Methodist University alumni |
27336664_0_0 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense.
Vaccinium caesariense (New Jersey blueberry) is native to the Eastern United States. It is a species in the genus Vaccinium, which includes blueberries, cranberries, huckleberry, and bilberries. |
27336664_0_1 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense. Range
Vaccinium caesariense is a native perennial plant in the Eastern United States, and is especially prominent in the New Jersey area, hence its common name New Jersey Blueberry. It is found in the coastal states from Florida to New Hampshire, almost always in wetlands. |
27336664_0_2 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense. Description
Vaccinium caesariense has simple, small, oval green leaves during the summer and loses its leaves in the winter. This dicot exhibits a shrub growth habit, meaning this perennial, multi-stemmed woody plant is not likely to grow larger than 5 meters in height, particularly due to its numerous steming arrangements. |
27336664_0_3 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense. Cultivation
In commercial cultivation of Vaccinium caesariense, they are usually planted at the beginning of Fall or the end of Winter, with organic fertilizers such as manure compost and vermicompost. As the plants develop woody stems irrigation is only needed during very dry periods. The cultivated plants are grown in soil that is accommodating to acidophilic plants. |
27336664_0_4 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense. History
The blueberry is one of the few fruits eaten in North America that is native to the continent. Native Americans harvested the wild blueberries. Their special use in the plant is its function as a dye, coloring items.
It is also known as a medication for ailing stomach issues. Early Euro-American immigrant settlers began incorporating the fruit as an ingredient in foods and as a medicine. |
27336664_0_5 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense. In New Jersey
New Jersey has developed environmental and agricultural programs to protect and develop the New Jersey Blueberry, such as the Blueberry Plant Certification Program and the Phillip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research & Extension. |
27336664_0_6 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense. Proclamation
The New Jersey legislature issued a Proclamation for its native plant: |
27336664_0_7 | 27336664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium%20caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense | Vaccinium caesariense. New Jersey hybrid
Although the species is still found growing in natural habitats, most of New Jersey's cultivated blueberries are a hybrid Highbush type. It was first developed by Elizabeth Coleman White, the daughter of a cranberry farmer, and introduced in Whitesbog, Burlington County, New Jersey. During harvest season, New Jersey farmers set up road-side farm stands and sell the fresh blueberries. The hybrid fruit, when frozen, maintains quality and taste upon thawing. |
27336701_0_0 | 27336701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308%20Butler%20Bulldogs%20men%27s%20basketball%20team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team.
The 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Butler University in the 2007–08 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Brad Stevens, serving his 1st year. The Bulldogs played their home games at the Hinkle Fieldhouse, which has a capacity of approximately 10,000. |
27336701_0_1 | 27336701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308%20Butler%20Bulldogs%20men%27s%20basketball%20team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team.
The Bulldogs won the 2008 Horizon League Men's Basketball Regular Season Championship and the 2008 Horizon League Men's Basketball Tournament Championship, earning the Horizon League's automatic bid to the 2008 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, earning a 7 seed in the East Region. They beat 10 seed South Alabama 81–61 before falling to 2 seed Tennessee 71–76 in overtime in the Round of 32. |
27336701_1_3 | 27336701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308%20Butler%20Bulldogs%20men%27s%20basketball%20team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team.
!colspan=9 style="background:#13294B; color:#FFFFFF;"| Horizon League Tournament |
27336701_1_4 | 27336701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308%20Butler%20Bulldogs%20men%27s%20basketball%20team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team | 2007–08 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team.
!colspan=9 style="background:#13294B; color:#FFFFFF;"| NCAA Tournament |
27336746_0_0 | 27336746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Finca | La Finca | La Finca.
La Finca is the Dominican adaptation of reality television series The Farm. The show is a co-production between Tania Báez and company MediaWorld Dominicana. |
27336746_0_1 | 27336746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Finca | La Finca | La Finca.
The series debuted on May 23, 2010, and ran until August 29, 2010. The series ran for 13 episodes airing on Sunday at 8pm with repeats Tuesdays at 9pm. |
27336746_1_1 | 27336746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Finca | La Finca | La Finca. The Farm (franchise)
Dominican Republic television series
2010 Dominican Republic television series debuts
2010 Dominican Republic television series endings |
27336789_0_0 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001.
Oriental MS 1001, Bohairic, uncial manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. Several leaves of the codex were lost. Horner designated the manuscript by siglum E2. |
27336789_0_1 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. Description
It contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 270 paper leaves (24.7 by 16.3 cm), in octavo. It has two lacunae (Matthew 1:1-4:24: John 16:33–17:14). Six leaves at the beginning were supplied by a later hand. The text is written in two columns per page, 32 lines per page. |
27336789_0_2 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001.
It contains Prolegomena, tables of the before each Gospel, numbers of the (chapters) are given at the margin in Coptic and Greek, the Ammonian Sections (cursive), a references to the Eusebian Canons (cursive and red), geometric figures before Mark and John, and archaic letters before Mark, Luke, and John. No pictures. |
27336789_1_0 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.
It contains texts of Like 23:34 and the John 7:53-8:11, but lacks text of Luke 22:43-44 and John 5:3.4. |
27336789_1_1 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. There is an insertion on folio 123:
"And the number of the great chapters according to what is established in the writings of the orthodox is 84 Greek chapters, Coptic 97 lessons, and small 342, in common 270, peculiar 72, and the number of his words 3000. And these are the great Greek chapters." |
27336789_1_2 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. History
On folio 77b it contains note written by Athanasius, Bishop of Apotheke or Abutij, A.D. 1792, states that the original date of the manuscript was Mart 1192. This date is also repeated fol. 264b. |
27336789_1_3 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.
The manuscript was bought on 21 May 1869 of N. Nassif for the British Museum. Lightfoot, Arthur Headlam examined a few places. |
27336789_1_4 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.
Horner saw the manuscript in 1892 (Matthew and Mark). He used it in his edition of the Bohairic New Testament as a basis for the text of the Gospels. |
27336789_1_5 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way.
Currently it is housed at the British Library (Oriental 1001) in London. |
27336789_1_6 | 27336789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental%20MS%201001 | Oriental MS 1001 | Oriental MS 1001. See also
List of the Coptic New Testament manuscripts
Coptic versions of the Bible
Biblical manuscript
Codex Marshall Or. 99
Oriental MS 425 |
27336796_0_0 | 27336796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s%20Better%2C%20Who%27s%20Best%20%28film%29 | Who's Better, Who's Best (film) | Who's Better, Who's Best (film).
Who's Better, Who's Best is a collection of videos by The Who released in 1988 as the companion to the compilation album of the same name. |
27336796_0_1 | 27336796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s%20Better%2C%20Who%27s%20Best%20%28film%29 | Who's Better, Who's Best (film) | Who's Better, Who's Best (film). Songs performed
1. "My Generation"
Broadcast on Beat-Club
Recorded at the Marquee Club on 2 March 1967
2. "I Can't Explain"
Original promo video
Recorded at various London locales in 1964 and 1965
3. "Anyway, Anyhow, Anywhere"
Consists of 8mm concert films shot by Jon Rubin
Recorded at various New York City locales in 1967 and 1968
4. "Substitute"
Original promo video
Recorded in Covent Garden on 21 March 1966
5. "The Kids Are Alright"
Original promo video
Recorded in Hyde Park in July or August 1966
6. "I'm a Boy"
Broadcast on Beat-Club
Recorded in Planten un Blomen on 15 January 1967
7. "Happy Jack"
Original promo video
Recorded at the offices of New Action Ltd. (The Who's management company) on 19 December 1966
8. "Pictures of Lily"
Broadcast on Beat-Club
Recorded at Bremen Fern-Studio on 1 April 1967
9. "Magic Bus"
Tram bus footage recorded in October 1968
Concert footage recorded in Voorburg, the Netherlands on 10 March 1973
10. "You Better You Bet"
Original promo video
Recorded at Shepperton Studios in March 1981
11. "I Can See For Miles"
Broadcast on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour
Recorded at various locations in 1967
12. "Pinball Wizard"
Excerpt from Woodstock film
Recorded at the Woodstock Music and Art Fair on 17 August 1969
13. "I'm Free"
Concert footage directed by Chris Stamp
Recorded at the London Coliseum on 14 December 1969
14. "See Me, Feel Me"
Excerpt from Woodstock film
Recorded at the Woodstock Music and Art Fair on 17 August 1969
15. "Join Together"
Original promo video
Recorded at The London Studios on 25 June 1972
16. "Who Are You"
Excerpt from The Kids Are Alright film
Recorded at Ramport Studios on 4 May 1978
17. "Won't Get Fooled Again"
Excerpt from The Kids Are Alright film
Recorded at Shepperton Studios on 25 May 1978 |
27336796_0_2 | 27336796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s%20Better%2C%20Who%27s%20Best%20%28film%29 | Who's Better, Who's Best (film) | Who's Better, Who's Best (film). Special features
1. "Don't Let Go the Coat"
Original promo video
Recorded at Shepperton Studios in March 1981
2. "Another Tricky Day"
Original promo video
Recorded at Shepperton Studios in March 1981
3. "Eminence Front"
Original promo video
Recorded at the Capital Centre in September 1982 |
27336796_0_3 | 27336796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s%20Better%2C%20Who%27s%20Best%20%28film%29 | Who's Better, Who's Best (film) | Who's Better, Who's Best (film).
These bonus clips are only on the DVD version released a few years later. |
27336800_0_0 | 27336800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20%28Melrose%29 | East Side (Melrose) | East Side (Melrose).
The East Side is a Melrose, Massachusetts neighborhood located on the east side of the city. It stretches roughly from Lebanon Street east to the Saugus, Massachusetts line and is positioned in between the Mount Hood Golf Club neighborhood (to the south) and the Horace Mann neighborhood (to the north). |
27336800_0_1 | 27336800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20%28Melrose%29 | East Side (Melrose) | East Side (Melrose). Description
The area was mostly built out in the early twentieth century with a large majority of the houses being Colonials and Victorians. |
27336800_0_2 | 27336800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20%28Melrose%29 | East Side (Melrose) | East Side (Melrose).
A very popular spot in the East Side is the Melrose Common. The park consists of two softball fields, a basketball court, and a playground. The park is the only one of its kind in Melrose and serves as a central meeting place for citywide activities such as summer programs and Fourth of July festivities. |
27336800_0_3 | 27336800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20%28Melrose%29 | East Side (Melrose) | East Side (Melrose).
The East Side also contains the two Melrose golf courses. One being Bellevue Golf Course, which is a 9-hole country club. The other golf course is named Mount Hood Golf Club The course consists of 18 holes and is a popular spot for sledding and ice skating in the winter. |
27336800_0_4 | 27336800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20%28Melrose%29 | East Side (Melrose) | East Side (Melrose). Education
The East Side contains two Kindergarten to fifth grade elementary schools operated by Melrose Public Schools: Winthrop School and Hoover School. |
27336800_0_5 | 27336800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20%28Melrose%29 | East Side (Melrose) | East Side (Melrose). Transportation
The East Side is the closest Melrose neighborhood to Saugus and US Route 1. Additionally, MBTA bus route 131 runs to and from Melrose Highlands through the East Side to Malden Center Station or Oak Grove Station on the MBTA Orange Line during the morning and evening rush hours as well as in the afternoon. |
27336800_1_0 | 27336800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Side%20%28Melrose%29 | East Side (Melrose) | East Side (Melrose). Melrose, Massachusetts
Neighborhoods in Massachusetts
Populated places in Middlesex County, Massachusetts |
27336810_0_0 | 27336810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20Philosophical%20Association | Florida Philosophical Association | Florida Philosophical Association.
The Florida Philosophical Association (FPA) is a philosophical organization founded in 1955 to promote philosophy in Florida. The organization sponsors an annual conference in November. Past presidents include Grayson Douglas Browning (1967), Ellen Stone Haring (1975) and Roy Weatherford (1998). |
27336810_0_1 | 27336810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20Philosophical%20Association | Florida Philosophical Association | Florida Philosophical Association.
The Florida Philosophical Review is the peer-reviewed electronic journal of the FPA. It is published by the Department of Philosophy of the University of Central Florida. |
27336810_1_0 | 27336810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20Philosophical%20Association | Florida Philosophical Association | Florida Philosophical Association. External links
FPA website
Philosophical societies in the United States
Organizations based in Florida
1955 establishments in Florida |
27336812_0_0 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde.
Klaus Rohde (born 1932 in Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany) is a German biologist at the University of New England (UNE), Australia, known particularly for his work on marine parasitology, evolutionary ecology/zoogeography, and phylogeny/ultrastructure of lower invertebrates. |
27336812_1_0 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
Rohde studied zoology, botany, physics, physiological chemistry in Potsdam (Brandenburgische Landeshochschule, Germany) from 1950–1952, and, after moving from East- to West-Germany, in Münster/Westfalen (Germany) from 1953–1956. |
27336812_1_1 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
He received the degree of Dr.rer.nat. at University of Münster (Germany) in 1956 for a thesis on the behaviour and physiology of Paramecium. Subsequently, (1957–1959), he did scientific work at ASTA-Werke, Brackwede/Westfalen (pharmaceutical industry) on the development of new tests for screening anthelminthic drugs (filariasis, hookworms, cysticercus). |
27336812_1_2 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Career
From 1960–1967, Rohde was a lecturer at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, conducting work on the taxonomy, life cycles and fine structure of trematodes and monogeneans and supervising BSc. Honours, MSc. and PhD candidates. He participated in expeditions to various parts of Malaysia and visited many countries in Eastern, Southeastern, Southern Asia, and America. |
27336812_1_3 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
From 1967 to 1970 he was a Research Fellow (Habilitandenstipendiat) at the Ruhr University Bochum, Germany. Habilitation in Bochum was successfully concluded in 1970 with a thesis on the morphology, life cycle and ultrastructure of the aspidogastrean Multicotyle purvisi. |
27336812_1_4 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
He moved to Australia in 1970 to assume a two-year Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Queensland, Australia, with research on the taxonomy, ecology, life cycles and ultrastructure of the aspidogastrean Lobatostoma manteri and various monogenea. During this period, he visited the Great Barrier Reef as part of his work. In 1972 he was Reader in Zoology at the University of Khartoum, Sudan. |
27336812_1_5 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
1973–1976 he was Director of the Heron Island Research Station, Great Barrier Reef, conducting research on the taxonomy and ecology of Monogenea and Aspidogastrea. The University of Queensland awarded him the degree of DSc. in 1975 for his parasitological and zoological work. In 1976 he was appointed Lecturer at the University of New England (UNE), Australia, subsequently promoted to Associate Professor and Professor (Personal Chair). In 2001 he became Professor emeritus. |
27336812_1_6 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Research and work
Rohde's main research fields are fine structure, ecology, zoogeography, parasitology, and phylogeny of invertebrates, particularly of Aspidogastrea, Monogenea, Amphilinidea, and general aspects of ecology (niche theory, competition) and zoogeography (latitudinal gradients). He supervised many BSc.Honours, MSc. and PhD candidates in these fields, and, jointly with Tim Littlewood at the Natural History Museum London, Nikki Watson, UNE and others, studied the phylogeny of Platyhelminthes, using ultrastructure, life cycle and DNA data. |
27336812_1_7 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
His most important scientific contributions are on the following topics:
Marine parasitology.
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity (hypothesis of effective evolutionary time).
Niche theory (vacant niches, Mating hypothesis of niche restriction).
Phylogeny of Platyhelminthes and other invertebrates using ultrastructure and DNA.
Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis, protonephridia, sensory receptors of Platyhelminthes.
Taxonomy in particular of trematodes and monogeneans (many new species, 11 new genera and 2 new subfamilies, for one new genus a new family has now been established).
Life cycles of Aspidogastrea and Amphilinidea. |
27336812_1_8 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
Rohde was the first who supplied quantitative evidence for the enormous species diversity of marine parasites in tropical (coral reef) waters, and for differences in latitudinal gradients between endo- and ectoparasites. His hypothesis of effective evolutionary time was an important stimulus for the development of the metabolic theory of ecology. His work on the phylogeny of Platyhelminthes provided evidence that the Neodermata (major groups of parasitic Platyhelminthes) have split early off the other flatworm groups. His demonstration of the great number and variety of sensory receptors and of the great complexity of nervous systems in some parasitic flatworms is convincing evidence that sacculinization (reduction in complexity) of parasites is not a general phenomenon. Rohde's work on the ecology of marine parasites has shown that most parasites live in largely non-saturated niche space, i.e., that most niches are vacant; proceeding from these findings, he concluded that equilibrium conditions in animal communities are the exception rather than the rule (discussed in detail in his book Nonequilibrium Ecology). |
27336812_1_9 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Early life and education
After retirement he continues to publish scientific papers and books. He has cooperated with Dietrich Stauffer, a theoretical physicist, in using mathematical models to investigate latitudinal gradients in species diversity and niche width. He is running two blogs with articles and posts on science, politics and philosophy and. |
27336812_1_10 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Honors
Clarke Medal of the Royal Society of New South Wales (1996, Zoology).
Inaugural Award for Excellence in Science of the Vice-Chancellor, University of New England (UNE), Australia (1996).
Fellow of various scientific societies and institutes including the Australian Society for Parasitology.
Many genera and species as well as a subfamily were named after Klaus Rohde to honour him for his taxonomic work. |
27336812_1_11 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Personal life
Rohde lived and worked in Münster/Westfalen (Germany), Brackwede/Bielefeld (Germany), Bochum (Germany), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Khartoum (Sudan), Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef) and Brisbane (Australia). He now lives in Armidale (Australia). |
27336812_1_12 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Bibliography
Rohde has published about 480 scientific papers in international journals and book chapters, as well as several books. |
27336812_2_0 | 27336812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Rohde | Klaus Rohde | Klaus Rohde. Books
The first edition of Ecology of Marine Parasites, University of Queensland Press 1982, has been translated into Malay-Indonesian: Ekologi Parasit Laut, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur. |
27336902_0_0 | 27336902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teslin%20Mountain | Teslin Mountain | Teslin Mountain.
Teslin Mountain, 1953 m (6407 ft), prominence: 803 m, is a mountain in the Yukon Territory, Canada, located 44 km NE of Whitehorse. Its name is derived from that of the Teslin River, which is named for the Desleen kwaan of the Inland Tlingit people. |
27336922_0_0 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6).
The sixth season of The Bachelorette, an ABC reality television series, premiered on May 24, 2010, featuring Ali Fedotowsky dating 25 men. Fedotowsky, a contestant on the fourteenth season of The Bachelor, eliminated herself at one of Jake Pavelka's rose ceremonies because of a work-related ultimatum. |
27336922_0_1 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6).
The season concluded on August 2, 2010, in which Roberto Martinez was named the winner, becoming the first male Latino winner in The Bachelorette history and became Fedotowsky's fiancé. The couple ended their relationship on November 21, 2011. |
27336922_1_0 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6). The Bachelor
Fedotowsky and Roberto Martinez appeared in one episode on the fifteenth season of The Bachelor where they gave an advice for the contestants of that season. |
27336922_1_1 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6). Bachelor Pad
Craig McKinnon, Jesse Beck, and Jonathan Novack returned for the first season of Bachelor Pad. McKinnon was eliminated during week 2. Novack during week 3. Beck and his partner, Peyton Wright, were eliminated at the end of week 5, finishing in 4th place. |
27336922_1_2 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6). Future appearances
Justin Rego, Kasey Kahl, and Kirk DeWindt returned for the second season of Bachelor Pad. Rego was eliminated during week 1. DeWindt and his partner, Ella Nolan, were eliminated at the beginning of week 6, finishing in 4th place. Kahl and his partner, Vienna Girardi, were eliminated at the end of week 6, finishing in 3rd place. |
27336922_1_3 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6). Bachelor in Paradise
DeWindt returned for the second season of Bachelor in Paradise. He split from his partner, Carly Waddell, during week 6. |
27336922_2_0 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6). Call-out order
The contestant received the first impression rose
The contestant was voted off by the other contestants but got a rose instead
The contestant received a rose during a date
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant was eliminated during a date
The contestant was disqualified from the show
The contestant quit the competition
The contestant received the final rose of the show |
27336922_3_0 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6). Post-show
Just a year and a half after the engagement, Ali and Roberto officially broke up after numerous wedding delays. |
27336922_3_1 | 27336922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bachelorette%20%28American%20season%206%29 | The Bachelorette (American season 6) | The Bachelorette (American season 6). Episodes
After Ali and Roberto broke up, Ali and Frank went on a date, and were romantic for a night. However, they realized they were not right for each other. |
27336937_0_0 | 27336937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Canadian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships | 2011 Canadian Figure Skating Championships | 2011 Canadian Figure Skating Championships.
The 2011 Canadian Figure Skating Championships were held from January 17 to 23, 2011 in Victoria, British Columbia. The event determines the national champions of Canada and is organized by Skate Canada, the nation's figure skating governing body. The junior-level and senior-level events were held at the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre. Skaters competed at the senior, junior, and novice levels in the disciplines of men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Although the official International Skating Union terminology for female skaters in the singles category is ladies, Skate Canada uses women officially. The results of this competition were used to pick the Canadian teams for the 2011 World Championships, the 2011 Four Continents Championships, and the 2011 World Junior Championships, as well as the Canadian national team. |
27336937_0_1 | 27336937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Canadian%20Figure%20Skating%20Championships | 2011 Canadian Figure Skating Championships | 2011 Canadian Figure Skating Championships.
The novice event had been held separately in previous years; the last time it was held with the senior events was 1997. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.