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{
"accepted_answer_id": "47727",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this word and the most fitting definition in JMdict was the\nfifth one [here](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%BC%E3%82%93%E3%81%BC%E3%82%93).\n\nWhat does it come from? None of the 擬＊語 defined in JMdict describe a \"green\nyoung man from a well-to-do family\" in my opinion. There's also the French\nloanword ボンボン meaning sweets, so maybe that's related somehow.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T07:18:25.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47726",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T07:57:23.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Etymology of 「ボンボン」 meaning \"green young man from a well-to-do family\" in Kansai dialect",
"view_count": 470
} | [
{
"body": "According to\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%BC%E3%82%93%E3%81%BC%E3%82%93-632552):\n\n> ぼんぼん \n> 〔主に関西地方で、 **「ぼん（坊）」のやや丁寧な言い方** 〕 \n> 良家の若い息子。若だんな。ぼんち。 〔「育ちが良くて世間知らずだ」というニュアンスをこめて用いることもある。「－育ち」〕\n\nAnd\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%B3):\n\n> ぼんぼんは男児を指す俗語。京都では男児を指して「ぼん」と言うが、これは **坊（ぼう・坊主・ぼうや）の訛った言い方であろう**\n> 。「ボンボン」という場合は「上流家庭の子弟（のように見える人）」や「金持ちの家の子供」という意味を持つ場合もある。しかし同時に「世間知らずな」という暗示を含む場合もあり、一種の蔑称として用いられる事もある。なお京都の「ぼん」に関しては、丁寧語である。\n\nSo it seems like ぼんぼん comes from 坊, or ぼう, ぼん, ぼうや.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T07:49:14.720",
"id": "47727",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
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"parent_id": "47726",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 47726 | 47727 | 47727 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47732",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am a beginner and my first meeting with my new Japanese tutor is today. I\nwant to send her a message to confirm that 6pm today is still ok for her but I\nam certain my phrasing is not correct. Could someone please advise?\n\nI had 今日６じはまだだいじょうぶですか？\n\nBut I don't think mada is right?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T09:32:05.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47728",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T13:22:57.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22278",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"synonyms"
],
"title": "How to confirm my first meeting with Japanese teacher",
"view_count": 316
} | [
{
"body": "> 今日６じはまだだいじょうぶですか？\n\nThis makes sense. \nIf you are still anxious about the confirmation, how about writing it in both\nlanguages as:\n\n> 今日６じはまだだいじょうぶですか？ Is 6pm today still ok?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T12:01:31.320",
"id": "47732",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T13:22:57.910",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-25T13:22:57.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47728",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 47728 | 47732 | 47732 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47733",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I had previously asked about ことで but this time it looks different.\n\nContext :\n\n_Two people are talking, the rich girl says that everyone tries to act as a\nsubtitute parent to her to steal the fortune she inherited from her family,\nthen the person before her says that he considers her as his true grandchild,\nand that she can count on him. She then answers :_\n\n> 当面はノーサンキューということで。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T11:40:15.307",
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"id": "47731",
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"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of ということで?",
"view_count": 1425
} | [
{
"body": "In this situation 「当面はノーサンキューということで。」 implies \"Leave me alone for the time\nbeing\". \n「当面はノーサンキュー **ということで** 。」is made from 「当面はご配慮{はいりょ}はノーサンキュー _ということで_\nお願{ねが}いします。」 which means like 「当面はご配慮は不要{ふよう} **ということで** ご対応{たいおう}願{ねが}いします。」:\nliterally it means \" _I ask you to behave under the condition that not any\nconsideration is needed for me for the time being_ \".",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T12:09:35.653",
"id": "47733",
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"parent_id": "47731",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 47731 | 47733 | 47733 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47735",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to understand something here, I have the following question I need\nto answer:\n\n> あなたの部屋はきれいですか？\n\nto which I should answer something like\n\n> ええ、きれい **な** です。\n\nWhy is the question does not contain the な?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T12:38:56.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47734",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-25T19:05:46.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "5464",
"owner_user_id": "9793",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "When should I use な in \"na-adjectives\"?",
"view_count": 7274
} | [
{
"body": "Actually, your question is right and your answer is wrong.\n\nYou will only use な after a \"na-adjective\" if you're modifying a\nnoun/adjective with it, for instance:\n\n> あなたの部屋はきれいですか (anata no heya wa kirei desu ka) Is your room beautiful?\n>\n> はい、きれいですよ (hai, kirei desu yo) Yep, it is beautiful.\n\n**きれい is not modifying any noun, therefore there's no need for using な in\nthis.**\n\nBut if you wanted, you could word your answer like this:\n\n> はい、きれいな部屋ですよ！ (hai, kirei na heya desu yo!) Yep, it's a beautiful room!\n\nhere we wanna state clearly that it is the room that has the quality of being\nbeautiful, in order to do that we, then, need to attach な after the adjective,\ntherefore:\n\n**きれいな部屋 (na-adjective + na + noun)**",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T12:59:11.557",
"id": "47735",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T14:03:09.483",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "16104",
"parent_id": "47734",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 47734 | 47735 | 47735 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I do know about くれる and あげる that mean \"to give\" and it depends on the\nspeaker's perspective and the concept with \"uchi\" and \"soto\", because that's\nhow I learned them, but I still have trouble, even more when I don't have the\ncorresponding particles.\n\nLet me give an example and my take on くれる in this sentence, so that you can\nperhaps tell me if it makes sense. This is a simple example that I came up\nwith:\n\n> あなたが **くれた** 辞書を使っています。\n\n\"I'm using the dictionary **_I received_** from you.\" \nI understand the fact that I was the one who received, but if I were to use\nanother example:\n\n> あなたがくれた辞書を使いますか。\n\nCan it be translated as \"Do you use the dictionary you got/received?\" or \"The\ndictionary you got, are you using /will you use it?\" \n \nIf not, then what does it require to be translated like that and to be\nambiguous? \n \nImagine if someone, a friend maybe asks you \"Hey are you using that thing you\ngot?\" \nand the friend doesn't mention someone else (like, \"Are you using the thing\nMichiko gave you?) I apologize if it's sounds weird...I would really like to\nhear some opinions on this matter and perhaps some better examples.\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T14:50:43.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47736",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T20:37:29.597",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-25T14:57:49.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "22175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Can I translate くれる in the following way?",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "No, it can not be translated like that. If you want to express that あなた is the\none who received something, you have to use もらう, i.e.\n\n> あなたが **もらった** 辞書を使いますか。\n>\n> \"Do you use the dictionary you **received**?\"\n\nI do not understand what you mean by \"ambiguous\", but if you meant that it's\nnot clear who the giver is, then もらう without another object will suffice:\n\n * あなたが本をもらった。You received a book.\n\n * あなたが **彼女に** 本をもらった。You received a book **from her**.\n\n * あなたが **彼女から** 本をもらった。You received a book **from her**.\n\nから and に can be used interchangeably.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T16:37:34.550",
"id": "47737",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T20:37:29.597",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "20224",
"parent_id": "47736",
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"score": 3
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{
"body": "Probably the best way to think of this is to assume the following:\n\nあげる = you give to someone\n\nあなた **に** あげた手紙 = The letter I gave to you\n\nくれる = someone gave to you\n\nあなた **が** くれた手紙 = The letter that you gave to me\n\nSo, both of these words mean \"to give\", but in different directions. あげる is\nfrom your point of view going out, and くれる is also from your point of view,\nbut coming in.\n\nSeparate from these is the verb もらう = to receive, which is more general:\n\nあなたからもらった手紙 = The letter that I received from you",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T16:47:46.597",
"id": "47739",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T16:47:46.597",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21684",
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"score": 0
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| 47736 | null | 47737 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I've got a feeling it's an intensifier for the statement, but I want to be\ncertain about the grammatical stuff behind it, since I've only seen one\nmention of that in all of my materials and research",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T20:45:00.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47740",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T07:26:32.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What's the usage of ばかり in \"見たこと無いものばかりだわ！\"?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "Not sure what the context of the sentence is, but it means \"only\". And I feel\nlike it's a little stronger than if it were to use だけ.\n\n> 見たことないものばかりだわ！ → (There are) Only things I've never seen before (here)!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T21:05:50.840",
"id": "47741",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T21:05:50.840",
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{
"body": "> 見たことないもの **ばかりだ** わ！\n\nEvery thing here are what I've never seen before **without exception!**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T07:26:32.383",
"id": "47752",
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| 47740 | null | 47741 |
{
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"body": "I have an assignment on this quote but I just can't seem to find any of the\norigins of the quote. Its' English translation is \"Fall down seven times,\nstand up eight\". If anybody could help and let me know what the origins are it\nwould be a great help to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T23:19:11.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47742",
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"owner_user_id": "22285",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"idioms",
"proverbs"
],
"title": "What are the origins of the Japanese idiom ななころびやおき (nanakorobiyaoki)?",
"view_count": 4162
} | [
{
"body": "In kana and kanji, it's 七転び八起き. 七 = seven,\n[転び](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%BB%A2%E3%81%B6) = tumbling, 八 = eight,\n[起き](http://jisho.org/search/%E8%B5%B7%E3%81%8D%E3%82%8B) = standing. All of\nthese are basic and common Japanese words. なな (nana) and や (ya) are kun-\nreadings (i.e. native Japanese readings) of 七 and 八.\n\nThis idiom is old, and there seems to be no definitive explanation for why\nseven and eight were chosen. Some say it's related to Buddhism.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-25T23:39:41.663",
"id": "47743",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-25T23:46:19.193",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-25T23:46:19.193",
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{
"body": "I thought I remember something from Chinese and it [seems indeed\nthat](http://soudan1.biglobe.ne.jp/qa8895984.html) 七転び八起き originally comes\nfrom the Chinese saying 七顛八起{しちてんはっき}. (I found it written also as 七転八起).\n\nNow, regarding why the numbers 7 and 8 there are a couple of things to\nclarify:\n\n 1. Why is the \"getting up\" number higher? One could argue that you fall seven times.. you will rise seven.\n 2. Why specifically 7 and 8?\n\n**Regarding point number 1:**\n\n[Here](https://www.sukiwa.net/otsu/otsubbs/news/2009/030801/index.html) you\ncan find the following argument: when we were born we could not stand up.\nHence you actually start counting from the first time you rise up, with the\nconsequence you have to add +1 to the number of \"rising up\". I think this is\nan interesting point of view, and it kinda makes sense. The original quote\nbelow:\n\n> 七転八起（しちてんはっき七顛八起とも書きます）の七と八ですが、どうして、同数ではなく七と八なのでしょうか。\n>\n> さて、人間は、生まれた時にはまだ立っていません。そのため、まず立つところから始めると考えると起き上がりは、プラス１回です。「七転び八起き」となります。\n\n**Regarding point number 2.** , there are a few explanations. One is in the\nsame link above:\n\n> 七の由来は、線を切ることを表した文字からきたそうです。横棒を縦棒で切ることを表してあるようです。\n> 七転び八起き。何度も転んだことを断ち切り、新たな一歩を踏み出すという意味合いの言葉のようです。\n\nSo basically 7 was chosen because it represents a horizontal line cutting a\nvertical line embracing the meaning of \"cutting away\" the many times you have\nfallen and starting out a with a fresh new step.\n\nAnother thing is:\n\n> 数の七には、「千（多い）」という意味があり、八は末広がりで「幸福」という意味があります。 ここから「七転び八起き」という言葉ができたという説もあります。\n\nThat is, the number 7 bears the meaning of 千（多い） (many) while 8 has the\nmeaning of \"spreading out like an open fan\" (happiness, blessedness).\n\n[This other link](http://www.garbagenews.net/archives/946342.html) provides\nother insights:\n\n>\n> 語源についてはいくつか説があるようで、一つが「七転八倒」と同じく単に「七も八もたくさんを意味する」程度であるということ(世に生れ出る時に「立つ＝起きる」から、倒れる数より起きる数の方が一回分多い、あるいは七回転んで八回目にようやく立ち上がった)、一つが「一転び二起き、三転び四起き、五転び六起き、七転び八起き」と続きの言い回しの中の一部分であるという説、そしてさらには聖書の言葉「正しき者は七回倒れても再び起き上がる(For\n> a righteous man may fall seven times, and rise again)」(Proverbs24:16)(and\n> rise againの部分はbut he gets up\n> againのこともあり)に由来する、とする説もある。どれが真相かは分からない。まさに「神のみぞ知る」というところか。\n\nI think it is interesting here the parallel with the biblical interpretation,\nalthough I wonder how much influence that might really have depending on how\nold this saying is.\n\nPS. Good luck with your assignment.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T02:16:29.033",
"id": "47746",
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{
"body": "**Topics relating to this question:**\n\n> Why is the number of times to get up after having fallen down for seven\n> times counted as eight instead of seven?\n\n * Opinion 1: Seven and eight are used to express large numbers, not intending to express logical numbers, and _seven_ and _eight_ **sound better 語呂｛ごろ｝がいい** than _seven_ and _seven_ when read continuously.\n * Opinion 2: At first, the state before falling down is counted for one time. \n(This interpretation is already written in Tommy's answer)\n\n * Opinion 3: Under the influence of a proverb 「 **転{ころ}んでもただでは起{お}きない / 転{ころ}んでもただでは起{お}きぬ** 」, the last state to get up is counted for two times at a time. \nThe meaning of 転{ころ}んでもただでは起{お}きない is as: To learn something even from a\nmistake. **To turn anything into profit.** Even if you may fall down many\ntimes, each time you get up with picking up something in taking advantage of\nthe opportunity. \nIn the case of 七転び八起き, the person gets up with picking up another count except\nfor himself at the last time.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-26T06:12:11.337",
"id": "47749",
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}
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| 47742 | null | 47746 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47745",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Can もすこし遠かったら be used in the following sentence to mean if it is too far I\nwill not go.\n\n> もすこし遠かったら行かないんですが。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T00:02:27.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47744",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10476",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "Can もすこし遠かったら be used to mean \"too far\"?",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "もう少し means 'a little more', similar to もう一つ and the like meaning 'one more'.\n「もう少し遠かったら行かないんですが」 means 'If it were a little farther I wouldn't go, though.'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T00:14:46.353",
"id": "47745",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T01:34:55.173",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-26T01:34:55.173",
"last_editor_user_id": "9971",
"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "47744",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> **もすこし** 遠かったら行かないんですが。\n\nもすこし means もう少｛すこ｝し, and the interpretation of もう少し is perfectly written in\nNothing at all's answer.\n\nも すこし is a dialect for もう 少｛すこ｝し, and it may be commonly used in western Japan\nand at least in the Kyushu district.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T06:58:01.537",
"id": "47750",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T06:58:01.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47744",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "To say \"if it is too far I will not go\", you would say:\n\n> 遠過{とおす}ぎたら行かないんです。\n\nor you could probably just say it without the 過ぎる and the implication would\nstill be that it's too far for you to go.\n\n> 遠{とお}かったら行かないんです。\n\nThe も少し modifies 遠い, and indicates that the speaker is specifically stating\nthat it would only take a little bit more distance for him/her to be\nunwilling/unable to go.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T20:11:17.417",
"id": "47768",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T20:11:17.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1575",
"parent_id": "47744",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 47744 | 47745 | 47745 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47748",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does \"しぇんぱい\" mean someone, who seems to be having a grudge. Or does it mean\nsome who seems to be rehearsing?\n\nI made this assumption since the only words that appear in my dictionary that\nhas the word \"しぇん\" and one that might fit to the scenario of what I'm reading\nis \"私怨\" and \"試演\".\n\nThere are also other \"しぇん\" words like: \"支援\" \"紫煙\".\n\nBut which among these 4 Japanese words are commonly written in hiragana and\nconnected with \"~ぱい\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T03:26:50.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47747",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T06:01:56.600",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "What does \"しぇんぱい\" mean?",
"view_count": 1802
} | [
{
"body": "It's probably a slurred 先輩【せんぱい】. Since there is no context, I am only 95%\ncertain. 先輩 is commonly used to address your senior at school or at work when\nthere is no other appropriate title like 部長. Maybe someone, typically a young\nschool girl, said it in a fawning way.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T03:35:37.570",
"id": "47748",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T06:01:56.600",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "I think that しぇんぱい _shempai_ is used by mannerless guys with friendly feeling\nin substitution for 先輩｛せんぱい｝. This kind of slur is also used like しぇんしぇー\n_shensheh_ for 先生｛せんせい｝ by them.\n\nApart from the scenario, さしすせそ is often pronounced like _sa shi su **she** so_\nin the North Kyushu rigion by elders. The famous singer Tetsuya Takeda is from\nFukuoka prefecture in the North Kyushu region. He sings like しぇんしぇい in stead\nof 先生｛せんせい｝ in his song. He would pronounce the word 先輩 like しぇんぱい.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T07:03:52.040",
"id": "47751",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T07:46:14.490",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-26T07:46:14.490",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47747",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 47747 | 47748 | 47748 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47760",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Where A = 検索, B = タグ, C = フォロー. I thought of saying these but they don't look\nright. What seems to be best way to say this?\n\n * 検索したり、タグを使ったり、フォローしたりすることができます\n * 検索機能やタグやフォローボタンがあります\n * 検索機能やタグやフォローボタン利用することができます \n\nAlso, I am writing it as a instruction on a website that these functions are\non the sidebar. Should I use 敬語? Which verb should I choose to convert to 敬語?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T07:46:58.663",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47753",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-23T15:10:07.293",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-26T13:35:02.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "11370",
"owner_user_id": "11370",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do I say \"you can do/find/use A, B and C\"",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "> How do I say “you can do/find/use A, B and C” \n> Where A = 検索, B = タグ, C = フォロー\n\nI recommend you to use the following phrase in an instruction/direction page.\n\n> **利用できる機能には、検索・タグ・フォローがあります。**\n\nIs [this site](https://about.twitter.com/ja/resources/buttons) helpful for\nyou? I'll show how to design your site in two ways. \nWhen the button or the word 検索, タグ or フォロー in the phrase of instructions is\nbrowsed, a baloon pops up, where detail guide is written in polite form.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KSG6p.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5wnN4.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T08:24:05.200",
"id": "47754",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T02:32:47.693",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-28T02:32:47.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47753",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "It seems like you're trying to say \"You can search, use tags, and follow.\" If\nyou're trying to say this in a single sentence as a direction to the user I\nthink that\n\n> 「検索したり、タグを使ったり、フォローしたりすることができます。」\n\nis just fine. It gets across the message that all of these things are doable\nfor the user but only there for them if they wish to use them. Also, it's\nalready rather indirect so keigo is not totally necessary. (If you were\nrequesting that they do something keigo would be very appropriate.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T14:38:56.250",
"id": "47760",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-23T15:10:07.293",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-23T15:10:07.293",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22133",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 47753 | 47760 | 47760 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Sometimes I see people attaching a `w` at the end of sentences (or multiple\n`w`s):\n\n> なんか知らない間に人がめっちゃ増えてるｗ\n\nThis is in an informal context, usually while chatting. And sometimes, just:\n\n> wwwww\n\nWhat is that `w` doing there? How do I read it?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T08:41:46.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47755",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18189",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What does a w at the end of sentences signify?",
"view_count": 110
} | []
| 47755 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47758",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[I can't quite tell what the person is trying to say\nhere:](https://youtu.be/9XWZfwJFz1U?t=14m31s)\n\n今日は酒____悪いなー！\n\nSomething about the sake is bad but what? It almost sounds like he is saying\nぐせ悪い but I can't find a word that would match that empty spot",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T10:44:13.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47756",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T12:24:32.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Can't understand this spoken sentence",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "> (1) 今日は酒____悪いなー！ \n> like he is saying ぐせ悪い\n\nYou know the answer. The answer is: 今日{きょう}は酒{さけ}[ぐせ]{LLLL}悪{わる}いなー！ \n酒癖{さけぐせ} is the habit or 癖{くせ} somebody does when he/she drinks liquor (\n_Japanese sake_ , beer, wine, etc.) too much.\n\n酒癖{さけぐせ}が悪{わる}い人{ひと} : a bad drinker. 酒癖{さけぐせ}が悪{わる}い : to turn nasty when\ndrunk\n\nAs for the given sentence (1), it is made from the sentence by omitting some\nwords. These are the possible sentences from which sentence (1) is made:\n\n> (2) 今日は、いつもの彼{かれ}と違{ちが}って酒癖が悪いなー！ \n> Unlike usual, he is/seems a bad drinker today! \n> (3) 今日の彼{かれ}は酒癖が悪いなー！ \n> Today he is/seems a bad drinker!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T11:03:14.260",
"id": "47758",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T12:24:32.147",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-26T12:24:32.147",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47756",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 47756 | 47758 | 47758 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This is a sentence from a tale I'm having trouble with. It is a Tengu speaking\nto a boy:\n\n> まったくおれは何の術もかけて **いないてえ** のに本気にしやがって。\n\nI understand this sentence to mean something like 'To be honest I haven't\nactually granted you any skills.'\n\nWhat does いないてえ stand for； what kind of verb form is this (if I am right to\nassume it is some negative form of the verb いる）?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T15:24:56.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47761",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T21:39:47.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19511",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the grammar behind いないてえ?",
"view_count": 770
} | [
{
"body": "I think you should focus on 「てえのに」 instead of 「いないてえ」.\n\nI've never seen 「てえのに」 written like that, but I guess it is some sort of sound\nchange and means 「というのに」. The most common one I've seen is 「つうのに」.\n\nIf 「術をかける」 is about granting skills, the sentence will become\n\n> * まったくおれは: Really, I\n> * 何の術もかけていない: have not granted any skills\n> * てえのに: and still\n> * 本気にしやがって: you're taking it seriously\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T16:14:23.403",
"id": "47762",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T16:30:01.387",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-26T16:30:01.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "19206",
"owner_user_id": "19206",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "This sentence is perfectly Edo dialect. いないてえのに accurately means いないっていうのに or\nいないというのに (いない-と-いう-のに) in normal Standard language.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T16:34:49.003",
"id": "47763",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T16:34:49.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22292",
"parent_id": "47761",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Just FYI:\n\nThe small「っ」should be added in the original sentence when writing it. (as\ntyam-san mentioned, but just to be clear.)\n\n * まったくおれは何の術もかけていない **っ** てえのに本気にしやがって。\n\nThe same thing happens when using 「つうのに」which siikamiika-san mentioned.\n\n * まったくおれは何の術もかけていない **っ** つうのに本気にしやがって。\n\nSince the dialect is also mentioned, here's one of the ways how some people in\nKansai area could say, just for fun.\n\n * まったくおれは何の術もかけてへんいうてんのに本気にしよって。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T20:36:16.890",
"id": "47769",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T20:36:16.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19094",
"parent_id": "47761",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 47761 | null | 47763 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "ずっと前から東南アジアを旅する **と** 言っている。\n\nI'm sorry if this is badly formatted, this is my first question. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T18:06:29.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47764",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T19:50:36.060",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-26T19:50:36.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "1575",
"owner_user_id": "22262",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "What's the role of the と particle in this sentence?",
"view_count": 84
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, と is being used in its quotation form, meaning that whatever is\nbefore the と for this example is a quotation. The clue here is the end of the\nsentence. If we consider only what's after the と for a second:\n\n~と言っている = \"...is saying\"\n\nSo, then we have to answer who is saying what (from context or stated) and\nwhat is being said. Here, what's between our は or が particles and the と\nparticle is the section that is being quoted. Since we don't have a topic or\nsubject in this sentence, the implied context is that you're probably the one\nwho is saying this. Consider looking at this sentence like this:\n\n「ずっと前から東南アジアを旅する」と言っている。 \nI'm saying that \"I travel to Southeast Asia since long ago\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T18:18:32.637",
"id": "47765",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T18:18:32.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 47764 | null | 47765 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47775",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The first character starts by saying their view on a situation, the second\nthen replies with an opinion that is viewed as ridiculous and unbelievable by\nthe first. This first character then replies:\n\n> ボクも大概だけどキミも相当だな\n\nIn the subtitles this is translated as:\n\n> I have issues, but you're just as bad.\n\nWhile I understand the translation for the second half, 「ボクも大概だ」 doesn't seem\nto make sense.「大概」 meaning 'generally' or 'mostly', is it akin to the phrase\n'I'm not all there' in English?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T18:47:01.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47767",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T02:43:30.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "17667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 大概 in「ボクも大概だ」?",
"view_count": 484
} | [
{
"body": "大概だ is a kind of idiomatic phrase; perhaps this 大概 is used in the sense of\n\"mostly\" or \"to a great extent\" and 大概だ is used usually in the sense of \"being\nmostly/very bad,\" \"shoddy\" or \"ordinary/dime-a-dozen.\" Anyway it has a\ndifferent meaning from its literal definition and has a negative nuance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T23:35:32.687",
"id": "47772",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T23:35:32.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22087",
"parent_id": "47767",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Dictionaries say the basic meaning of 大概 is something like \"moderate\",\n\"overview\", \"almost all\", \"usually\", etc.\n\n> * 大概のところでやめる / 大概にする to stop before going too far; not to go to extremes\n> * この店で大概の品物は見つかる。 Almost all items are found in this shop.\n> * 土曜日は大概会社にいる。 I am usually at my office on Saturdays.\n>\n\nHowever `noun + も + 大概だ` means something different. It's a way of indirectly\nimplying something/someone is equally out of the way, abnormal, extreme, bad,\netc. Basically it's interchangeable with `noun + も + 相当だ`. I don't know if\nthis usage is originally sarcasm or euphemism. For some reason we usually see\nも used with 大概 in this sense, so you can memorize this as a set phrase.\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 日本語は難しいといわれるが、英語も大概だと思う。\n> * あの部長は怒ってばかりいますけど、部長も大概ですよ。\n>\n\n[大辞林 has the corresponding\ndefinition](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A6%82-556507#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88):\n\n> ④ふつうでないこと。はなはだしいこと。\n\nTo my surprise, デジタル大辞泉 [does not\nexplain](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/132643/meaning/m0u/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A6%82/)\nthis usage at least directly.\n\nBy the way, the sentence in question can be rephrased as ボクもボクだけどキミもキミだな. See:\n[Meaning of pattern\n「XがXなら、YもYだ」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/870/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T02:16:36.727",
"id": "47775",
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}
]
| 47767 | 47775 | 47775 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I sometimes have trouble figuring out what on'yomi 人 has in unfamiliar jukugo,\nand was wondering whether there was any kind of rule-of-thumb for figuring it\nout, assuming it is the only character whose reading is unknown in a compound.\n\nAside from cases such as the character sequence 人生 read 人{じん}生{せい} when\ntreated as a complete word but 人{にん}生{せい} as part of the word 浪{ろう}人{にん}生{せい}\ndue to it being being derived from rōnin+[gaku]sei, is there any way to tell\nwhich reading is used for a jukugo? Or is it only possible to tell if you know\nthe etymology of the word and when the atomic jukugo entered Japanese due to\nthe two waves of import of the classical Chinese reading _njin_?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T21:31:38.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47770",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-29T15:53:35.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21802",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"readings",
"compounds",
"multiple-readings",
"onyomi"
],
"title": "人 - on'yomi ニン or ジン rule of thumb",
"view_count": 706
} | [
{
"body": "> Or is it only possible to tell if you know the etymology of the word and\n> when the atomic jukugo entered Japanese due to the two waves of import of\n> the classical Chinese reading njin?\n\nI think this is the case and you virtually have to learn the proper reading(s)\nword by word. And there is also a 訓 reading and 連濁 like 村人.\n\nIt isn't much of a help, but 仏教用語 tend to have 呉音 reading.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-26T23:48:34.280",
"id": "47773",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-26T23:48:34.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22087",
"parent_id": "47770",
"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "* 人 following a place name is read as じん: 関西人, 韓国人, 宇宙人\n * 人 following the name of a field or a social group is read as じん: 芸能人, 業界人, 社会人\n * 人 following a number is read as にん: 三人, 五人\n * 人 following a suru-verb is read as にん: 世話人, 商売人, 使用人, 苦労人, 通行人\n * 人 following a na-adjective tends to be read as じん: 自由人, 有名人, 野蛮人 (exception: 貧乏人: 貧乏 is also a suru-verb, though)\n * 人 following a native Japanese word (和語) is usually read as にん: 遊び人, 仕掛け人, けが人 (exception: 暇人【ひまじん】)\n\nAs for words starting with 人, the number of such words is not large and it may\nbe best to memorize them individually.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-29T15:37:44.253",
"id": "47842",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "47770",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 47770 | null | 47842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47779",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In がばいばあちゃん, the phrase 五女二男 crops up. Given the compact nature of the\nexpression, I'm assuming 男 and 女 are read with their alternate readings なん and\nじょ respectively while the numbers remain unchanged. However, this is the first\ntime I've encountered a phrase of this kind, hence my question. The full\nsentence is as follows.\n\n> 昭和十七年（一九四二年）、戦中に夫を亡くし、以来、厳しい戦後を佐賀大学とその附属小中学校の掃除婦をして、五女二男、合計七人の子供を育てて生き抜いてきた。\n\nI translated this as:\n\n> In the 17th year of Showa (1942) she lost her husband in the war, and\n> afterwards during the harsh postwar period worked as a cleaning lady in the\n> combined primary and middle school attached to Saga university, and having\n> five girls and two boys, with a combined total of seven, she successfully\n> brought up her children.\n\nよろしくお願いします.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T06:49:02.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47776",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T01:04:46.977",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-27T09:39:12.763",
"last_editor_user_id": "21868",
"owner_user_id": "21868",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "五女二男 read as \"ごじょになん”？",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "> 五女二男 read as \"ごじょになん”？\n\nYes, ◯女◯男 is read as \"◯じょ◯なん\", you just fill the numbers of boys/girls in ◯\nsimply.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T07:24:53.767",
"id": "47779",
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},
{
"body": "I think \"correct\" reading is ごにょになん though I don't know how many Japanese\nactually care about it.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-28T01:04:46.977",
"id": "47792",
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"owner_user_id": "22087",
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}
]
| 47776 | 47779 | 47779 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47778",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In がばいばあちゃん, I came across the phrase 冒頭のような, which I had a little trouble\ntranslating, as I couldn't quite make out its exact meaning and function. It\ncomes from the following extract.\n\n> そして俺は、冒頭のような、ばあちゃんとの暮らしの中から、人間の本当の幸せというものを学んできたように思う。\n\nI had a crack at translating this with the following result.\n\n> As for me, living alongside her and seeing things from there, as if I were\n> right up close, I got to learn about true human happiness, I think.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T06:59:55.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47777",
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"owner_user_id": "21868",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Exact meaning and function of 冒頭のような",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "冒頭 always refers to the first part/chapter of a story/article. So 冒頭のような暮らし\nmeans something like \"my life as described in the first part (of this story).\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T07:07:46.420",
"id": "47778",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T07:21:29.267",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-27T07:21:29.267",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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},
{
"body": "> そして俺は、 **冒頭のような** 、ばあちゃんとの暮らしの中から、人間の本当の幸せというものを学んできたように思う。\n\nthe meaning of the phrase is what is written in naruto's answer, and it fully\nmake sense, but we usually use it more precisely like:\n\n> * 冒頭に **あった** ような\n> * 冒頭に **記｛しる｝した** ような\n> * 冒頭に **述｛の｝べた** ような\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T07:57:39.243",
"id": "47781",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T07:57:39.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47777",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 47777 | 47778 | 47778 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My question comes from this sentence:\n\n> 四十年前までは確かにあった幸せを放棄して、不幸な方、不幸な方へと進んでいる気がする。\n\nMy attempted translation was:\n\n> The happiness we definitely had up until 40 years ago we discarded; and on a\n> path of unhappiness, we progress further and further, I feel.\n\nHowever, I don't understand why both particles へ and と follow. I would have\nexpected just へ, so I don't get what the function of と is. Can someone\npossibly explain this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T07:45:48.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47780",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21868",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "不幸な方へと進んでいる - why are there two particles after 方？",
"view_count": 182
} | [
{
"body": "The particles へ and に in modern Japanese, when marking a destination, both\nmean \"to\", with the implication that the subject actually reaches the\ndestination in question, so they are largely interchangeable in this usage. In\npre-modern/Classical Japanese に implied that the subject reached the goal, but\nへ did not necessarily do so: in other words, へ could mean simply \"towards\",\n\"in the direction of\". That role has been taken on by the combination へと in\nModern Japanese, so your sentence means \"I feel that we have\nrenounced/abandoned the happiness that we certainly had until forty years ago\nand are progressing in the direction of unhappiness, in the direction of\nunhappiness\". It may be helpful to think of と as indicating the manner in\nwhich something is done, so へと would mean \"as though to X\". The repetition of\n不幸な方へ suggests that the process is ineluctable, so I might go with \"moving\ninevitably towards unhappiness\", \"advancing all the time towards unhappiness\"\nor \"moving ever closer towards unhappiness [although we haven't quite got\nthere yet]\". How to translate 放棄 also needs some thought. It suggests\ndeliberately or consciously giving something up - for example, it's the word\nused in the Constitution for the renunciation of the use of military force.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T11:04:52.437",
"id": "47783",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20069",
"parent_id": "47780",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I'm Japanese. 不幸な方へ and 不幸な方へと are same meaning. But I don't say 不幸な方へ不幸な方へ\nwithout と. So, roll of と is like that of \"so\"and \",\". Not important but\nnecessary.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-28T01:38:17.050",
"id": "47793",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T01:38:17.050",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22304",
"parent_id": "47780",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 47780 | null | 47783 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47789",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ものすごく酸っぱい梅干しを食べたみたいに顏をしかめて、猛烈に残念がった友蔵{ともぞう}に、「 **何もそこまで**\n> 」とおかあさんが、みんなの気持ちを代表して、ボンっとつぶやいた。 \n> Mum, representing everyone's feelings, muttered 何もそこまで to Tomozou who was\n> acting as though it ( _what he'd just heard_ ) was terribly bad luck, and\n> making a face like he'd eaten a really sour umeboshi.\n\nLiterally 何もそこまで means \"nothing to that extent\". So I get the idea that she is\nsaying that Tomzou's reaction is a bit extreme. But what does she actually\nmean? Is it an instruction telling him to stop taking things too far? Is it\njust a comment that she thinks his reaction is excessive? Or something else?\nHow should 何もそこまで... be completed?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T13:31:57.953",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47784",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T16:41:44.623",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-27T13:49:39.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"何もそこまで\"",
"view_count": 536
} | [
{
"body": "> (1)ものすごく酸っぱい梅干しを食べたみたいに顏をしかめて、猛烈に残念がった友蔵｛ともぞう｝\n> に、「何もそこまで」とおかあさんが、みんなの気持ちを代表して、ボンっとつぶやいた。\n\nIf you omit modifiers in sentence (1), a sentence would remain as:\n\n> (2) 残念がった友蔵｛ともぞう｝に、「何もそこまで」とおかあさんがつぶやいた。\n\nIf I add an inffered phrase to phrase 「何もそこまで」, I could get possible two\nphrases like:\n\n> (3) 残念がった友蔵｛ともぞう｝に、「何もそこまで **残念がることはないのに** 」とおかあさんがつぶやいた。 (3)'\n> 残念がった友蔵｛ともぞう｝に、「何もそこまで **残念がることはないのに何故｛なぜ｝そこまで残念がるの？** 」とおかあさんがつぶやいた。 \n> (4) 残念がった友蔵｛ともぞう｝に、「 **残念がるなら** 何もそこまで **することはなかったのに** 」とおかあさんがつぶやいた。 \n> (4)' 残念がった友蔵｛ともぞう｝に、「 **残念がるなら** 何もそこまで **することはなかったのに何故｛なぜ｝そこまでしたの？**\n> 」とおかあさんがつぶやいた。\n\nAs for (3) and (3)', the mother referred to Tomozo's reaction affected by the\nunwritten cause. \nAs for (4) and (4)', the mother referred to the unwritten cause that he did\nthat affected Tomozo.\n\n(3)' and (4)' are full sentence for (3) and (4) respectively. We usually use\n(3) and (4), because the full sentences sound verbose.\n\nAs for 何をそこまで, I don't know the grammatical explanation of 何を, but you could\nunderstand 何をそこまで is a set phrase and it could strengthen the meaning of そこまで,\nthen it could be said as a tentative stressed form of そこまで.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T14:03:42.310",
"id": "47786",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T14:54:58.853",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-27T14:54:58.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47784",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "This 何も here (which I will call the \"protestive 何も\") should be differentiated\nfrom the 何も meaning \"(not) any\".\n\nFirst, the pitch accents are different (at least in standard Japanese):\nなにも{HLL} (\"protestive\") vs なにも{LHH} (\"(not) any\")\n\nSecond, the protestive 何も always appears at the beginning of a clause, whereas\nthe (not-)any 何も can appear in various positions.\n\nI labeled this the \"protestive '何も'\" because it is used when you are\nprotesting against another person's action that you think is extreme, unfair,\nunreasonable, inappropriate , etc.\n\nSome example sentences to help get a better feel of it:\n\n> ちょっとからかっただけで、何も泣くことはないだろう。(It was just a little harmless teasing. Don't cry\n> like a little baby.)\n>\n> 彼は二回遅刻しただけですよね。何もクビにする必要はなかったのでは？ (He was just late for work twice. Did you\n> really need to fire him? (Wasn't that a bit extreme?))\n>\n> プリンを勝手に食べたのは悪いと思うけど、何もそこまで怒ることないじゃん。 (I'm sorry I ate your pudding, but do\n> you have to be _so_ mad about it?)\n\nAs for \"何もそこまで\" in question, you could say there's omitted material after it.\nIn that case, it would be something to the effect of \"何もそこまで(残念がることはないでしょう)\",\nwhich would translate to \"You don't have to look/be so disappointed, don't you\nthink?\" But chances are that お母さん had nothing specific that she left unsaid.\nIn context, \"何もそこまで\", without supplementation, was sufficient to convey what\nexactly she wanted to say.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T16:19:20.237",
"id": "47789",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T16:41:44.623",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11575",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 47784 | 47789 | 47789 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently struggling with particles in the following sentence:\n\n。。。。、日本語が話せる機会を見つけづらくなると思います。\n\nI want it to say that I think it will be become difficult to find\nopportunities where I am able to speak Japanese. The を is where I am in doubt.\n見つける is transitive and なる is intransitive, and I don't know which one dictates\nthe particle in this sentence.\n\nAny help would be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T13:49:37.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47785",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T16:21:17.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22300",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"transitivity"
],
"title": "Usage of なる with transitive verb",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "transitive verb 見つける→機会を is _find opportunities_ \nづらい is _difficult_ , \nso, （機会を見つける） **づらい** is **_difficult** to find opportunities_ \nintransitive なる, \nso, (機会を見つけづらく) **なる** is **_become** difficult to find opportunities_",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T14:30:19.993",
"id": "47788",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T16:21:17.880",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-27T16:21:17.880",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "47785",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 47785 | null | 47788 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm confused about something I've read;\n\n> 前以上のスピードで前以上のクオリティでって、思っちゃうのは思っちゃうんですけど。\n\nIs the 前以上 in the above line supposed to mean \"more speed than before, more\nquality than before\" or is it saying \"quality comes before speed\"?\n\nIf someone could explain how the word is affecting that sentence that would be\ngreat, I'd really love to know what the speaker is saying here, thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T14:25:30.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47787",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T02:39:15.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22301",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Meaning of 前以上?",
"view_count": 454
} | [
{
"body": "前以上 is \"greater than before\" and the structure of (verb)のは(verb) means that\nsomething is not more than what it is but you have to admit that it's the case\nanyway if you are asked.\n\nIn this case, the speaker admits that s/he certainly thinks that way though\ns/he is conscious that it's not necessarily reasonable.\n\nAll in all, the example sentence means \"I can't help wishing (we could do it)\nwith greater speed or with greater quality, though\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-27T21:28:36.310",
"id": "47790",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-27T21:28:36.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "47787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> \"more speed than before, more quality than before\"\n\nThis translation is correct.\n\n前以上のスピードで前以上のクオリティ faster than before and better than before\n\n思っちゃうの(/に)は思っちゃうんですけど。 ／ 思ってしまうと言えば思ってしまう。\n\n思ってしまうと言えば思ってしまう(けど) is something like \"I expect(/hope) that (they will offer\nsomething that is faster and better than the earlier version, product, etc.)\nif you ask me.\"\n\nThis けど literally means \"though\" but it actually is nothing more than a copula\nor \"it is (that)\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-28T00:38:27.300",
"id": "47791",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T00:43:41.597",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-28T00:43:41.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "22087",
"owner_user_id": "22087",
"parent_id": "47787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Here is how it can be rephrased (hoping it helps.) ;)\n\n> 前以上のスピードで前以上のクオリティでって、思っちゃうのは思っちゃうんですけど。\n\n→前よりも早く、前よりも上手にって、（そんな風に）思っちゃうのは思っちゃうんですけど（なかなか難しいです。 or うまく行きませんでした。, etc.）\n\nAlso,\n\n> 前以上のスピードで前以上のクオリティでって、\n\nwhich means \"faster than before _and_ better (quality) than before\"\n\nIf it were \"faster _or_ better than before\", then it might be either,\n\n * 前以上のスピードでとか、前以上のクオリティでって、or\n * 前以上のスピードか前以上のクオリティでって、\n\nBasically, just wanted to point out that the speaker wanted to do it (whatever\nit is) faster and better, not necessarily faster or better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-28T02:39:15.653",
"id": "47794",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T02:39:15.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19094",
"parent_id": "47787",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 47787 | null | 47790 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that ただ一度 and 一度きり both mean \"only once\". However, does the expression\nただ一度きり have any special meaning (my feeling is that it doesn't sound like good\ngrammar normally)? My intuition is that it's just added emphasis.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-28T02:57:08.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47795",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T03:17:53.937",
"last_edit_date": "2017-05-28T03:17:53.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "19346",
"owner_user_id": "19346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "How to understand ただ一度きり",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "\"Only just once\" is a bad English?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-28T03:10:56.383",
"id": "47796",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-28T03:10:56.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22087",
"parent_id": "47795",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
]
| 47795 | null | 47796 |
{
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"body": "Chapter 1 of がばいばあちゃん has the following sentence.\n\n> けれど、家の中でピーピー泣いているうちは、 _まだ近所迷惑程度で済んだ_ 。(my italics)\n\nTwo things stood out when I was trying to make a translation. One is ピーピー.\nWhat sort of crying is this exactly? Or would we just say crying with the\nsound \"peepee\"?\n\nAs for the italics part, I attempted this overall translation.\n\n> However, while I cried with a waah waah from inside the house, I still ended\n> up being a nuisance to the neighbourhood.\n\n(I realise うち means 'during', not 'inside'). I'm not entirely sure about why\nまだ is included, although before the text does mention the protagonist crying\nbefore as well as a result of his separation from his mother. Another thing\nthat confused me is the で済んだ construction. I thought this was generally used\nin the positive sense of \"get by without ~ing\", but here it appears to be\nnegative. Please enlighten me.",
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"title": "sentence with まだ近所迷惑程度で済んだ - how to translate",
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{
"body": "> crying with the sound \"peepee\"\n\nTheoretically so. But it's actually an onomatopoeia that diminutively and\nfiguratively hints crying of a small animal like a bird chirping.\n\n> まだ近所迷惑程度で済んだ。\n>\n> I still ended up being a nuisance to the neighbourhood.\n\nThis 済む means something like \"only being.\" He is saying that he was still\n\"just being a nuisance to the neighbourhood\" at that stage or time but this まだ\nhints he would be a bigger problem later.",
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"body": "As for ピーピー, it is an onomatopoeia of the cry of a baby bird. So がばいばあちゃん\nwanted to express her grandson to be unripe and noisy just like a baby bird.\n\nAs for で済んだ, yes, it is generally used in the positive sense of \"get by\nwithout ~ing\". \nIn this context, the state of the baby's ピーピー crying is expressed as a far\nbetter situation than that of something else, so the cry was expressed in the\npositive sense like to get by without making a further more trouble or\nannoyance.",
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| 47797 | 47799 | 47799 |
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"body": "Another passage in がばいばあちゃん chapter one reads:\n\n> ...ほとんどスラム街というような状況だった。 _てんで勝手に_ 露天を出して、いろんな店がひしめき合っていた\n\nThis probably sounds like a silly question, but I was confused by the italics\npart. I assume it's like てんでに勝手に, with てんで meaning individually and 勝手 meaning\non one's own initiative. What confused me is why there isn't a に after each of\nてんで and 勝手. I attempted this translation.\n\n> ...just about the whole area had turned into a slum. Everybody set up\n> individually, on their own initiative, open area shops; they all jostled\n> together.\n\nIs this the right reading?\n\nEdit:\n\nI noticed that てんで can also mean 'entirely, altogether'. But I assume that's\nnot the meaning implied here?",
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"title": "てんで勝手に sentence - how to understand it",
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{
"body": "# Original:\n\nてんで is the short form of てんでんバラバラ or てんでんばらばら which is used like てんでんばらばらの or\nてんでんばらばらに meaning _scattering or being scattered in all directions or here and\nthere_.\n\n* * *\n\n# Edited:\n\nI'm going to prove my original answer is correct and to eliminate the\npredominant misunderstanding regarding てんで.\n\n> **Definition 1:** \n> **てんで** \n> ［副］ （打消しの表現を伴わないで）非常に。とても。「この店の料理はてんでうまい」 \n> ［Adverb］(without being accompanied by expression of the negation) very much\n>\n> **Definition 2:** \n> **てんでに** \n> ［副］《「てんでんに」の音変化》めいめいに。それぞれに。各自。「てんでに旗を振る」 \n> ［Adverb］《A euphonic change from てんでんに》 apiece, in each, separately,\n> individually\n\nTo prove てんで in てんで勝手に has the meaning of definition 2 the following two\nproblems have to be solved.\n\n> **Problem 1** : Is there any example or a tester that could clarify that the\n> meaning of てんで in てんで勝手に is only definition 2 but not definition 1?\n>\n> **Problem 2** : Why could に be omitted in てんでに in the use of てんで勝手に without\n> losing the meaning of the definition 2?\n\n**As for problem 1** , [the collection of use examples of\nてんで勝手に](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E5%8B%9D%E6%89%8B)\nintroduced by broccoli forest could not become the tester, because the\nexamples could be interpreted as making sense both in the definition 1 and 2\nwithout any contradiction as is said by naruto.\n\nThen, let's てんでん be a tester instead of てんで.\n\nFrom definition 2, てんでん is equivalent to てんで, and てんでん is the omitted form of\nてんでんに, so the tester てんでん have to solve the problem 2 afterwards, which is the\nsame condition as てんで.\n\nてんでん has not any meaning of definition 1, so if you find actual use examples\nof it, てんでん in てんでん勝手に could solve the problem 1, which means that てんで in\nてんで勝手に solve the problem 1 at the same time.\n\nIf you search for it on the Internet, you could find many examples as:\n\n> * 価値観が違い、欲望のあり方が異なっている小集団に分かれて、 **てんでん勝手に** 消費行動をされると、...\n>\n> * 人間なんかは、 **てんでん勝手に** 、死んでしまうなり、生きながらえてゆくなり、運に任せておいたらいいわね。\n>\n> * ...みんながそれぞれに（ **てんでん勝手に** ？）いろんなやり方でそれは統一とかいうものでもなく...\n>\n> * ...家族が家に居てやれるのでミナ柴は庭に放しています、 **てんでん勝手に** 涼しい所を見つけてくつろいでいます、\n>\n> * そこでもって､ **てんでん勝手に** ､えｰ､ 時間を過ごすというふうになってるわけでございますが､...｡\n>\n> * あれよあれよとするうちに菊やハーブが **てんでん勝手に** 根や株を増やし、...\n>\n> * 一人一人手元で画像を見る風景はまるで友達同士がせっかく集まっても **てんでん勝手に** 自分のスマホをかまっていると同じ風景を連想します。\n>\n> * それ以外では、 **てんでん勝手に** いろんな暦を考え出して使っていたようです。\n>\n>\n\nI think I could let てんでん be a sufficient tester to solve the problem 1.\n\n**As for problem 2** , I'm going to show you some of the synonyms of てんでに or\nてんでんに as:\n\n>\n> それぞれに、めいめいに/めいめいで、勝手に、好きに、好き勝手に、自分勝手に、身勝手に、無秩序に、無節操に、無統制に、ばらばらに（バラバラに）、てんでんばらばらに（てんでんバラバラに）、まちまちに、散り散りに、個々に、思い思いに、各々{おのおの}で、各自で、各員で、めいめいで、ひとりひとりで、個人個人で、個々人で\n\nIf you look at the synonyms as a whole, they have に (で in some words) at the\nend of each word. \nHere, I found a very interesting fact that if you combine the two of them to\nstrengthen the meaning, **the former word becomes the stem of the adverb by\nomitting に or で** like:\n\nそれぞれ勝手に (それぞれ **に** + 勝手に), めいめい勝手に (めいめい **に** + 勝手に), 好き勝手に(好き **に** + 勝手に),\n勝手バラバラに (勝手 **に** + バラバラに), 個々まちまちに (個々 **に** + まちまちに), てんでんバラバラに (てんでん **に**\n+ バラバラに), てんでバラバラに (てんで **に** + バラバラに), てんでん勝手に (てんでん **に** + 勝手に), てんで勝手に\n(てんで **に** + 勝手に)\n\nThis completes the proof.\n\n**My edited answer to the given question** :\n\n> てんで is the euphonic change from てんでんに whose meaning is apiece, in each,\n> separately, individually, etc. \n> てんで in てんで勝手に in the given sentence is placed to strengthen the meaning of\n> an adverb 勝手に that means selfishly or willfully. てんで勝手に is a combined adverb\n> with てんでに and 勝手に. When making the combination, に is omitted in てんでに by\n> leaving the stem of the word; the omission often happens in making this kind\n> of combined words.",
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"body": "Here てんで is an **adverb** that means _at all_ , _very_ or _totally_. Basically\nit's just another intensifier.\n\n> ###\n> [てんで](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154060/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7/)\n>\n> **［副］** \n> １ （打消しの表現や否定的な意味をもつ語を伴って）まるっきり。まったく。てんから。「てんで相手にしてくれない」「てんでやる気がない」「てんでだめだ」 \n> ２ （打消しの表現を伴わないで）非常に。とても。「この店の料理はてんでうまい」\n\nSince it's not an adjective but a standalone adverb, it does not require に\nafter it.\n\nIn modern Japanese, てんで is used with a relatively small set of adjectives. I\ncommonly see てんで駄目 and てんでバラバラ. I think I have seen てんでおかしい and てんでわからない or\nsuch several times. It's almost always used in negative sentences or with\nnegative-sounding adjectives. Actually この店の料理はてんでうまい doesn't seem natural to\nme.\n\nIn your example sentence, てんで modifies the following adjective, 勝手, and means\nsomething like _totally_.\n\nてんで should not be confused with てんでに, which is another adverb:\n\n> ### [てんでに](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154079/meaning/m0u/)\n>\n> ［副］《「てんでんに」の音変化》めいめいに。それぞれに。各自。「てんでに旗を振る」\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** Actually, it appears that both interpretations (それぞれ and まるっきり) are\npossible. As described above, I initially thought まるっきり was the only natural\ninterpretation. The reasons were:\n\n * Almost all examples of てんで (without に) found on [BCCWJ](http://pj.ninjal.ac.jp/corpus_center/bccwj/) clearly meant まるっきり, except that only two phrases, てんで勝手に and てんでばらばら, seemed somewhat ambiguous. てんで clearly means まるっきり in てんでダメ, てんで分からない, てんで弱い, てんで仕事にならない and other hundreds of examples. Then why do we have to treat only those two phrases as exceptions?\n * I could not find or think of a natural example where てんで is used _in isolation_ as an adverb to modify a verb/adjective to mean それぞれ. We can say それぞれ喋る or おのおの喋る. We can also say てんでに喋る, てんでんに喋る or てんでん喋る. But we cannot say てんで喋る. Doesn't this mean てんで _always_ need に to mean それぞれ? The dictionary entry quoted above also seems to imply this.\n\nHowever:\n\n * While I could not find a distinct entry for てんで勝手に itself, てんでばらばら is so common and デジタル大辞泉 has a separate entry for it. It says てんでばらばら is [the same as てんでんばらばら](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/241069/meaning/m0u/), which is defined as **各人の** 考えや行動が統一を欠くさま.\n * [実用日本語表現辞典 explicitly says](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%B0%E3%82%89%E3%81%B0%E3%82%89) that てんで in てんでばらばら can be interpreted in two ways: \n\n>\n> 「てんでんばらばら」の略。各人が別個に、思い思いにするさまなどを意味する表現。ちなみに、「てんでん」を副詞「てんで」と解釈した場合も、意味合いは大体同じ。\n\n * [The examples of てんで勝手に @broccoliforest introduced](http://yourei.jp/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E5%8B%9D%E6%89%8B) in the comment section are basically ambiguous (i.e., それぞれ勝手に and まるっきり勝手に both seem to fit). However when we look at them carefully, some of them do not appear to carry negative connotations. As I said before, てんで is usually used with negative-sounding words. So てんで勝手に does look somewhat exceptional in this regard.\n * てんで does not mean それぞれ when it's used as an _isolated_ adverb. However, as @mackygoo pointed out in his answer, there are a few words which always require に as an isolated adverb but do not require に when combined with another adverb. One example is 勝手気ままに暮らす. 勝手暮らす is ungrammatical because it lacks に, but 勝手気ままに暮らす is okay.\n\nTherefore, in conclusion, てんで勝手に means either まるっきり勝手に or それぞれ勝手に, and it may\nnot be possible to distinguish. (Despite the \"proof\" in @mackygoo's revised\nanswer, I won't say the latter is the only interpretation. まるっきり totally makes\nsense at any rate.) Note that, to my knowledge, this ambiguity happens only\nwith two phrases: てんで勝手に and てんでばらばらに. Whenever you see てんで used with\nnegative-sounding expressions other than these two, it should mean _entirely_\n, _totally_ , etc.",
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"body": "Just before the quoted passage, the narrator says a whistling going \"Don!\"\nhappens at the same time as he stumbles and ends up stooped. Then:\n\n> もちろん、いくら昔の話でも発車のベルは「ドン！」などとは鳴らないし、発車のベルが人を突き飛ばすこともない。\n\nMy attempted translation:\n\n> Of course, though this happened a long time ago, it couldn't be possible\n> that the bell would go “Don!” and send someone flying.\n\nHere I assume こともない means \"it's not possible/the case that...\" Is this\ncorrect?",
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"title": "Correct translation of こともない in this sentence",
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{
"body": "> こともない means \"it's not possible/the case that.\n\nこともない is a kind of emphasis of \"have/do not either.\"\n\nIt is emphasizing or pointing out that a bell would never go \"don\" or shove\nsomeone.",
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"body": "> -「ドン！」 \n> - 人を突き飛ばす \" _to shove people by the explosion of the round shot_ \"\n\n「ドン!」in the story of がばいばあちゃん, I think, is not a mere onomatopoeia of\nsomething, but the sound of a blank shot by a heavy gun or a cannon. In Meiji\nera they fired a blank shot to tell citizens the time of noon, which is\nwritten [here](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%88%E7%A0%B2). Sometimes ドン\nmeant, I once heard, not only the sound of a cannon but a cannon itself in\nthose day.\n\nThere is another ドン which is something to do with this ドン; that is used in\n「位置{いち}に着{つ}いて、よーい（用意{ようい}）、ドン」 which means _On your mark!, Ready! / Get set!,\nGo!_. The last ドン is of course the sound of firing a starting pistol.",
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"body": "「～こともない」 is made of 「～ことはない」(don't ever~~) + 「も」(either). \n「～ことはない」 is the negation of 「～ことがある」(occasionally do~~).\n\nCompare: \nベルが人を突き飛ばす **ことがある** 。-- The bell occasionally/sometimes pushes people away. \nベルが人を突き飛ばす **ことはない** 。-- The bell wouldn't ever push people away. \nベルが人を突き飛ばす **こともない** 。-- The bell wouldn't ever push people away, either. /\nNor would it ever push people away.\n\n> 「ドン！」などとは鳴ら **ないし** 、発車のベルが人を突き飛ばすこと **もない** 。\n\n「～～ないし、～～もない」 means \"neither ~~ nor ~~\".\n\n\"The bell would never go 'bump!', nor would it ever push people away.\"",
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| 47800 | 47870 | 47870 |
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"body": "A 'fill the gap in the sentence' is as follows: 外国に行くときは、その国のお金（ ）\n知っておいたほうがいい・\n\nwhere options include: についてさえ、 についてぐらい\n\nWhat's the difference between them here, and which one would be best? I\nunderstand they both refer/emphasise a degree here, basically meaning 'at\nleast', or 'in the very least'",
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"title": "Difference between ぐらい and さえ",
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"body": "～について about ～\n\nさえ even, so much as (negatively used)\n\nぐらい as much as, at the least (positively used)",
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"body": "In this case さえ and ぐらい express two opposite attitudes of the speaker toward\nknowing what is the currency used in the country you are visiting.\n\n・さえ indicates learning about the currency is a \"high-bar\" or near-maximum\naccomplishment:\n\n> When you are going to a foreign country, it is advisable to **even** know\n> what currency is used in the country.\n\n・ぐらい indicates a \"low-bar\" or near-minimum accomplishment:\n\n> When you are going to a foreign country, it is advisable to **at least**\n> know what currency is used in the country.\n\nConsidering that knowing what currency the country uses is among the first\nthings you (should) learn while planning your vacation, the best choice would\nbe \"についてぐらい\".",
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"body": "I've come across this interesting expression which doesn't seem to be listed\nin many Japanese to English dictionaries:\n\n> 二足の草鞋を履く\n\nFrom what I could gather, I believe it has a meaning of \"being engaged in two\ntrades\" (?) But since this is the first time I've seen such an expression can\nsomeone explain its nuances?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What is the nuance of the expression \"二足の草鞋を履く\"",
"view_count": 275
} | [
{
"body": "Roughly speaking, 草鞋｛わらじ｝ is a shoe made of straws.\n\nI'll show you the nuance: \nYou say \"to stand in someone's shoes\" which is an idiom meaning \"to see from\nanother's point of view; to feel what another feels\". If you stand in your own\nshoes, and at the same if you stand in someone's shoes, what happens? You can\nsee from the point of both your view and someone's, right?\n\nSo, in Japan, if you wear two kinds of 草鞋 at the same time, you can be engaged\nin two trades.\n\nI'll tell you why.\n\nLiterally 草履｛ぞうり｝を履｛は｝く means to put on _zohri_ shoes, and 草履｛ぞうり｝を脱｛ぬ｝ぐ means\nto remove _zohri_ shoes. From these literal meanings, 草履｛ぞうり｝を履｛は｝く means to\n_start a trip_ , and 草履｛ぞうり｝を脱｛ぬ｝ぐ means to _finish a trip_.\n\nAnd, 草履｛ぞうり｝を脱｛ぬ｝ぐ means metaphorically to _retire from one's occupation_. \nFrom the metaphorical meaning of 草履｛ぞうり｝を脱｛ぬ｝ぐ, the metaphorical meaning of\n草履｛ぞうり｝を履｛は｝く could be implied as to find one's occupation and start to engage\noneself in it, though we don't use this metaphorical meaning usually.\n\nFrom these metaphorical meanings, it is somewhat natural that to **wear a pair\nof _zohri_ shoes** **一足｛いっそく｝の草鞋｛わらじ｝を履｛は｝く** has a nuance of being engaged in\na certain occupation or trade. \nSo, 二足｛にそく｝の草鞋｛わらじ｝を履｛は｝く has a meaning of being engaged in two different\noccupations or trades.",
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"body": "The origin of 二足のわらじを履く (literally \"wearing two pairs of straw sandals\") dates\nback to the Edo period (circa 17-19c). At first, this expression referred to\ngamblers who worked also as policemen who arrest gamblers. Originally,\n\"wearing two pairs of sandals\" was a metaphor for doing something impossible\nand/or paradoxical. This was not really a good word at first.\n\nThe meaning of this expression has been broadened since then, and people\nstarted to use this phrase to praise someone who works in two totally\ndifferent fields by profession (e.g., a novelist-and-doctor, a lawyer-and-\nactress). Still, the key connotation of this idiom is **\"doing seemingly\nimpossible/incompatible things\"**. People today even use this phrase for\nmerely having a small side business or working at two places as a part-time\nworker, but strictly speaking, such a usage is questionable.\n\nFinally, 二足のわらじを履く does not always appear in its full form, just as the latter\nhalf of \"when in Rome\" is often unsaid. You can safely say 二足のわらじで働く,\n二足のわらじの生活, and so on, even in casual conversations.",
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| 47809 | null | 47810 |
{
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"body": "So far, I have always considered じゃないか to be a tag question meaning \"...isn't\nit?\" with varying nuances depending on context. However, I have seen hortative\n+ じゃないか recently, in this short dialog (A and B are dining together):\n\nA:「さ、戻ろう。君のせきが...」 \nB:「そんなもん、なんでもないって。」 \nA:「さ、いこう。しかし、そのまえに、メドックをもう一本飲もうじゃないか。」 \n(メドック is Médoc, a kind of French wine)\n\nI suspect that this じゃないか turns the sentence into some sort of negative\nhortative (\"won't we drink?\") kind of like saying いきませんか？ However, I'm not\nsure how exactly じゃないか modifies this sentence. Does strengthen B's\nencouragement? Does it have a sense of \"urgency\" (\"we really should have one\nmore Médoc) or does it the opposite, \"softening\" the sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-28T18:02:25.443",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence-final-particles",
"modality",
"tag-question"
],
"title": "How does じゃないか modify hortative in this case?",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "This じゃないか denotes a suggestion, \"Won't we (drink) ～?\", \"Shall we ～?\" or more\ncasually, \"Why don't you ～?\"\n\nWhile this is common in novels, this sounds a bit pompous or overly classy,\nand is rarely heard in reality.\n\nSince じゃ is colloquialism for では, naturally ～ではないか also exists:\n\n> もう一本飲もうではないか。\n\nBasically I expect to hear a sentence like this only from fictional noble\npeople, historical politicians making a public speech, or such.",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T10:37:51.637",
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| 47813 | null | 47836 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47816",
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"body": "> 大界王神様{だいかいおうしんさま} の弟子{でし}のままでいれば。。。私だって復活{ふっかつ}ﾊﾟワーを使えた{つかえた}んだ。\n\nNOTE: The character talking was a disciple of the daikaioushin.\n\nWhat is the だって doing in this sentence and how should I be translating or\nunderstanding it?",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-28T19:30:09.553",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does だって mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "だって = でも , \"even\"\n\nThis sentence would appear to mean literally \"So long as I continued to be in\nthe condition of a disciple of Daikai-oshinsama . . . even I was able to use\nthe power of revival/resurrection\". Less literally \"Even I, so long as I\nremained a disciple of Daikai-oshinsama, retained the power of resurrection\".\n\nNote that while である= \"is\", でいる= \"continues to be\", \"remains\".",
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| 47814 | 47816 | 47816 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47833",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While looking up the meaning of 頻繁{ひんぱん}, I happened to notice that one of the\ndefinitions quoted by デジタル大辞泉 states:\n\n> **しきりに** 行われること\n\nHowever, there's also an entry for **しきりと** (same しきり as the first, I assume,\nbut with particle と instead of に)\n\n> 繰り返し何度も。ひっきりなしに。たびたび。\n\nBoth definitions sound similar--repeatedly or continually--but is there a\ndifference in usage between using しきり **に** and しきり **と**?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-28T22:21:13.010",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-と",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "difference between しきりに or しきりと?",
"view_count": 254
} | [
{
"body": "According to [デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/95208/meaning/m0u/),\nthe na-adjective しきり is ナリ活用:\n\n> しきり【▽頻り】 の意味 \n> ［形動］［文］ **［ナリ］** 《動詞「しき（頻）る」の連用形から》 \n> ...\n\nSo it originally conjugates to its 連用形 (continuative form) しきり **に** , but しきり\n**と** is also used. 明鏡国語辞典 lists both しきりに and しきりと(redirecting to しきりに, so\nthey have the same meaning) as 副詞. I think しきり **と** sounds a little more\ncasual/colloquial than しきり **に** , just as the pairs 意外 **に** /意外 **と** , 割\n**に** /割 **と** , やたら **に** /やたら **と** , 自然 **に** /自然 **と**.",
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| 47817 | 47833 | 47833 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47837",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/O8sHg.jpg)\n\nContext: From Yotsuba&, they went gathering chestnuts and one of them had a\nbug in it so they threw it away. But here the young girl is eating from the\nrest and her sister is saying that there were still bugs in them that morning.\n\nMy question comes from the use of てた in this context. Why is this used instead\nof the past construct. I can understand it, at least form the English point of\nview, why it would work if it were paired with まだ or また, and think that the も,\nserves a similar purpose in this context, i.e. They were coming out this\nmorning _as well_.\n\n * Are there certain combinations come together, or imply one another ?\n * What difference, if any, is there between the た and てた conjugations ?",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-28T23:31:45.733",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"past",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Differences between た/てた",
"view_count": 2758
} | [
{
"body": "Not sure but I think きてた in the picture is short for きていた（past form of きている）.\nIf きた simply means came, きてた means something more like a continuous action.\n\nOf course this is just my opinion. You could read more on the subject about\n～て／～ている form.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T07:51:39.043",
"id": "47834",
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{
"body": "虫出てきてた is short for 虫(が)出てきていた.\n\n * 出て: The te-form of 出る\n * きて: The te-form of くる (来る)\n * いた: The past-form (aka ta-form) of いる (居る)\n\nくる and いる here are both [subsidiary\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010). くる denotes actions\nthat is physically or psychologically moving toward you. See [Difference\nbetween -ていく and -てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010). いる\ndenotes the action is in progress.\n\nSo the literal translation would be \"Speaking of those chestnuts, bugs were\ncoming out (toward us) this morning, too.\"\n\nThe difference between 出てきた and 出てきて(い)た is simply the difference between\n\"bugs came out\" and \"bugs were coming out.\" Unlike instant actions like\nドアから歩いて出る, this 出てくる is an action that may take hours. She witnessed bugs\nwhich are in the middle of crawling out from the chestnuts.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** : @goldbrick pointed out that this ていた can also be understood as an\nexample of the _past perfect aspect_ (i.e., bugs had completed the action of\n\"coming out\" and were creeping on the surface of a table, for example, when\nshe noticed them). For the details of this usage of いる, please see: [When is\nVている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010) I think both\ninterpretations are possible. Where were the bugs found at the time of this\nconversation?",
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"id": "47837",
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"body": "> (2) その栗{くり}今朝{けさ}も虫{むし}出{で}てきたよ。 \n> (3) その栗{くり}今朝{けさ}も虫{むし}出{で}てきてたよ。\n\n(2) When I saw the chestnuts, a bug just came out this morning, too. \n(3) When I saw the chestnuts, bugs were coming out this morning, too. \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SFYJI.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T12:34:03.987",
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| 47818 | 47837 | 47840 |
{
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"body": "I am struggling to find a definition via my usual sources/google searches for\nthe meaning of the term 氣現 in the following context:\n\n> 創世の湧水に生まれし、蒼き神よ！ 氣現にして穢れた大地を清めんとする、いと高き神よ！ 今こそ、ワレの肉体を依代に、一族に救いを！\n\nThis is a prayer from a fish-man creature (Sahagin) who is summoning a giant\nfish god (Leviathan).\n\nSo far I think it's translated something like:\n\n> Oh blue god, born in the spring of the creation of the world! Oh utmost god,\n> who will ??? and purify this corrupted earth! Now inhabit my flesh and save\n> my tribe!\n\nI can see that 氣 is a variant of 気 but am still struggling to find a\ndefinition online anywhere. Is it perhaps akin to coming back to life?\n\nMany thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T00:44:39.867",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of 氣現 (from Final Fantasy 14)",
"view_count": 235
} | [
{
"body": "My guess is that that word is specifically \"made up\" for the game and holds a\nspecific meaning just inside the context of that story (meaning that you won't\nfind 氣現 in a Japanese dictionary).\n\nI found something that might be useful\n[here](http://ffdic.wikiwiki.jp/?%B1%C7%C1%FC%BA%EE%C9%CA%2F%A1%DA%DD%E6%B8%BD%BD%D1%A1%DB).\nIt seems it could be related to 氣現獣 that seems to be a sort of summoning art.\nLet me quote:\n\n> その名の通り、自然界に存在する「 **氣** 」の力を利用することで攻撃や治療を行う。 利用する「氣」は、水の氣、大地の氣、そして命の氣まで様々であり、\n> 作中では巨大モンスターを投げ飛ばしたり爆発から身を守ったり、溺れたアイの命を救ったりした。\n> ただし、その力はまさに諸刃の剣で、氣の流れを読み違えると大変な結果を招いてしまう。 物語中盤でリサは自分の命の氣を削って巨大なエネルギー体を生み出した。\n> その姿はアイによって「 **氣現獣** 」と名付けられ、以降も何回か召喚している。\n\nMaybe they are using the traditional character 氣{き} and 現{げん} together to\nconvey the meaning of \"materialization of ki\" ? This is just a guess though.\n\nSo my idea is that 氣現にして could be referring to the Leviathan and be simply\ntranslated as something like \"appear / come / materialize / become real\".\n\nSo your translation would be\n\n> Oh blue god, born in the spring of the creation of the world! Oh utmost god,\n> **come** and purify this corrupted earth! Now inhabit my flesh and save my\n> tribe!\n\nNow a couple of things: first, I'm not 100% sure as I don't know the game and\nI'm just guessing. Second, I realize that the English translation I gave is\nnowhere near as cool as the Japanese 氣現. :)\n\n**EDIT:** I just realized that with my explanation I would not be sure how to\naccount for the particle に (I missed it at first). What I said could make\nsense if it was 氣現して but I am not sure it still holds with に that makes it\nlook like an adverb. I'll wait for some comments and eventually edit my answer\nor just remove it if it's too far off.\n\n**EDIT 2:** Please disregard my answer and refer to Mackygoo's one. I won't\ndelete mine as I think it was a good try and still adds some info.",
"comment_count": 1,
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{
"body": "> **氣現にして** 穢れた大地を清めんとする、いと高き神よ！\n\nThere must be a typo in 氣現にして. \nIn the around 127th lines [here](https://www57.atwiki.jp/nikuq-\nniuniu/pages/1235.html), you can find the correct expression for it.\n\n> **氣現にて** 穢れた大地を清めんとする、いと高き神よ！\n\nThe meaning of the above sentece is: \nOh utmost god, who intends to purify this corrupted earth by means of **the\npower of the embodiment of [氣]【Qi】**!\n\nAccording to wikipedia [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi), **Qi** is\nliterally translates as \"breath\", \"air\", or \"gas\", and figuratively as\n\"material energy\", \"life force\", or \"energy flow\". Qi is the central\nunderlying principle in traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese martial arts.\n\n[Here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g27e4Mm2OaA) is a very interesting\nvideo of the power of 気｛き｝, 氣 is a variant of 気, where animals are controlled\nby it. A man with a mustache in this video is a Ph.D in Medicine and also a\nskilful master of 気功｛きこう｝ or [Qigong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong).",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T04:50:50.093",
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| 47819 | null | 47820 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47824",
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"body": "I was reading Bilingual news (in Japanese and English). One topic in the\npodcast touches on the decling birth rate and aging population in Japan. In\nthis context a discussion about nuclear families crops up, where the American\npresenter mentions the old TV show full house. The following exchange takes\nplace.\n\n> Michael: I thought there was some boy.\n>\n> Mami: えっ?\n>\n> Michael: Am I totally...\n>\n> Mami: うそだ.\n>\n> Michael: I'm not a Full House expert, but...\n>\n> Mami: じゃあ, 何でフルハウスを選んだの, 今?分かるやつにしてよ.\n>\n> Michael: But it's kind of interesting, you know, like the family size that\n> ends up on TV. It's kind of an archetype of our society.\n\nMy question is what does Mami mean by 分かるやつにしてよ? It sounds like, 'Become an\nexpert!' but that seems an odd reading. So, what is she saying?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T02:39:20.193",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "分かるやつにしてよ meaning",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "She's saying \"pick something you know about.\"\n\nShe's using the verb する which obviously doesn't mean \"pick/choose\" but する can\nsometimes be used vaguely like this. In this case translating literally might\nbe something like \"do this (the thing we are talking about) with a thing you\nknow\"",
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| 47823 | 47824 | 47824 |
{
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"body": "This is not a 100% serious question, but I find it interesting. How could we\ntranslate in Japanese the famous sentence from Hamlet? The absence of _be_ as\na verb makes it challenging. I saw the following translation on a Japanese\nwebsite.\n\n> 生きるべきか死ぬべきか、それが問題だ。\n\nFair enough. I understand that literal translation is impossible and should\nnot be the pursued goal, but this is too different from the original IMHO.\nShakespeare did not write _‘should one live, should one die, that is the\nquestion’_.\n\nI thought of this one, which is rather bad:\n\n> いるのかいないのか、それが問題だ。\n\nThis is bad because it sounds like we are talking about someone else. This\nsentence sounds like _‘is he there or not ?’_ and does not sound like\n_’whether or not to exist’_.\n\nSo, I would like to know how real translators, language experts and scholars\ntranslated this sentence.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T03:58:38.687",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese",
"literature"
],
"title": "How to translate ‘To be or not to be, that is the question’",
"view_count": 5290
} | [
{
"body": "This sentence is indeed regarded as one of the most difficult translation\nchallenges. This sentence has been translated variously by many translators.\nKawai Shunichiro, one of the translators of _Hamlet_ , has the list of **40**\ntranslation attempts that have been made by experts. To list a few:\n\n> 1. アリマス、アリマセン、アレワナンデスカ \n> 1874年、チャールズ・ワーグマン\n> 2. 死ぬるが増か生くるが増か 思案をするはこゝぞかし \n> 1882年、外山正一（『新体詩抄』所収、丸屋善七発行）\n> 3. ながらふべきか 但し又ながらふべきに非るか 爰が思案のしどころぞ \n> 1882年、矢田部良吉（尚今居士）（『新体詩抄』 所収、丸屋善七発行）\n> 4. 第一、生きて居るか、死なうといふ事を考へる \n> 1903年10月、土肥春曙・山岸荷葉（翻案『沙翁 悲劇 ハムレット』 冨山 房）\n> 5. 定め難きは生死の分別 \n> 1905年、戸澤正保（戸沢姑射）（『沙翁 全集 第一巻・ハムレット』 大日本図書）\n>\n\nThe full list is [available on\nKindle](https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B009GPMA4E/). If I counted correctly, 32\nattempts directly use words of life/death (生きる, 死ぬ, 長らう, 存【なが】ふる, 消えてなくなる,\n生き続ける, 生死, 世にある, ...). Three attempts use ambiguous ある (ある/ありません,\nあるべき/あるべきでない, ...). One attempt uses やる, and one attempt uses する, as if the\nsentence were \"to do, or not to do\". The other three translations keep the\nsentence ambiguous by using どっちだろうか, これでよいのか or このままでいいのか. Don't ask me which\nis the best one :-) 生きる/死ぬ may not be the most literal translation, but\ntranslators have to consider many things...\n\n* * *\n\nAnyway, probably the best-known translation is \"生きるべきか死ぬべきか、それが問題だ.\" Parodies\nof this phrase are usually based on this (eg\n[食べるべきか](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8B%E3%81%B9%E3%81%8D%E3%81%8B%20%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%8C%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%A0)).\nKawai himself also adopted this phrase in his translation made in 2003,\nbecause he thought this is the sentence known to the general public.\n\n> もうひとつの本書の特徴として、To be, or not to\n> beの訳がある。大抵、新訳が出るとなると、この部分の訳はどうなるのかと注目を浴びるところだ。そこで訳者は懸命に自分なりの解釈を考えることになる……。私自身、「忍びて在るか、たちて果てるか」などいろいろと考えたが、結局、訳者の解釈を押し付けることはやめて、観客が最も受け入れやすい台詞にすることにした。これまで最も人口に膾炙してきた訳といえば、「生きるべきか、死ぬべきか、それが問題だ」であろう。ところが調べてみると、この表現は、どの翻訳でも使われたことがないのである。参考書の類には載っていても、作品の翻訳として使われた経緯はないのだ。しかし、「生きるべきか、死ぬべきか、それが問題だ」ほど、ハムレットの独白の出だしの言葉として認知された訳もないだろう。\n> (シェイクスピア; 河合 祥一郎. 新訳 ハムレット (角川文庫))",
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| 47827 | 47829 | 47829 |
{
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"body": "I understand how to say, this is better than that, with より and のほうが、but how\ncan I describe a noun as better? For example,\n\n”What is a better method to do this?”\n\nGoogle translate tells me, より良い仕方はなんですか？But you know, グーグルはちょっと。。。",
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"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How to use better as an adjective?",
"view_count": 4184
} | [
{
"body": "> より良い仕方はなんですか？\n\nThis makes perfect sense, but 仕方 is relatively uncommon. I prefer やり方\n(colloquial), 方法 (neutral), or 手法 (stiff) instead of 仕方. Note that this\nquestion assumes there is a better way. If you want to ask \"Is there a better\nmethod?\", you can say より良い方法はありますか？\n\nIn general, `より/もっと + adjective + noun` will always work. もっと is a bit more\ncolloquial and casual than より.\n\n * 高い本 expensive book\n * より高い本／もっと高い本 more expensive book\n * 小さいコイン small coin\n * より小さいコイン／もっと小さいコイン smaller coin\n * よい方法 good method\n * よりよい方法／もっとよい方法 better method\n\nThis type of より is used right before an adjective, like \"more\" in English.\nTechnically this より is an adverb. Please don't mix it with より you already\nknow. Such より is a particle and is used after a noun.\n\n * 私の本のほうがあなたの本より高い。 My book is more expensive than your book.",
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| 47835 | 47849 | 47849 |
{
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"body": "Because the first stroke order for Chinese characters was codified in [Han\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerical_script), the sequence of\nstrokes was a subject to change during the time. If my memory serves me right,\neven simplified and traditional characters do have some difference in stroke\norders when written in Chinese.\n\nDo all the modern Japanese kanjis have the same stroke order as their Chinese\npeers, or are there some differences?\n\nIf yes, then are these differences regular or separate for each kanji/Chinese\ncharacter pair? My intuition is that there might be some difference, but I am\nnot sure. Any reference to a resource might be of a great help, sorry.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T11:09:53.810",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"history",
"resources",
"chinese",
"stroke-order"
],
"title": "Japanese kanjis and Chinese characters: a request for comparative stroke order",
"view_count": 3433
} | [
{
"body": "Certainly there are some characters that have different stroke orders. As for\ntraditional Chinese characters, there are a few radicals that you should watch\nout for:\n\n**糸**\n\nIn Japanese, the last three strokes are written: middle, left, right. In\nChinese, it's left, middle, right.\n\n**田**\n\nIn Japanese, the vertical stroke is written before the last two horizontal\nstrokes. In Chinese, it's written as if the middle part were 土.\n\n**王**\n\nThe same story as 田.\n\n**母**\n\nIn Japanese, the horizontal line is written after the two dots. In Chinese,\nthe top dot is written, then the horizontal line, then the lower dot.\n\n**馬**\n\nIn Japanese, the middle vertical stroke is written before all the horizontal\nstrokes (except the top one, of course). In Chinese, the middle two horizontal\nstrokes are written, then the vertical stroke, then the last horizontal stroke\nwith the hook thing.\n\n**必**\n\nIn Japanese, you write the ノ immediately after the topmost dot (which is\nwritten first instead of the leftmost one) of 心, and then finish writing 心. In\ntraditional Chinese, you write 心 first and ノ last (however, I think the\nChinese stroke order is highly variant between regions).\n\n* * *\n\nIn addition, there are other whole characters that have different stroke\norders, like 鬱, that are pretty much unpredictable. Unfortunately, I can't\ngive you any resources that highlight these differences (resource questions\nare off-topic, and I can't find one anyway).\n\nThere are differences from simplified Chinese characters too, like 着, but in\ngeneral it's a little harder to compare Japanese characters to simplified\nChinese characters.",
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"body": "AFAIK, the Japanese Ministry of Education (MEXT) defines some general stroke\norder rules given by importance below (known as\n[筆順指導の手びき](http://www.shosha.kokugo.juen.ac.jp/oshiki/jyugyo/tokuron/7-1_tebikiyori.pdf)):\n\n 1. Generally characters are proceeds from top to bottom (e.g. 三).\n 2. Generally characters are proceeds from left to right (e.g. 川).\n 3. When strokes crossing each other, the horizontal stroke usually precedes vertical ones (e.g. 十).\n 4. In some circumstances, vertical stroke precedes multiple horizontal strokes (e.g. 田).\n 5. Center strokes are written first and then the left and right strokes if the left & right components do not exceed two strokes each (e.g. 小, 糸).\n 6. Inside/outside frames written first, but bottom enclosures written last (e.g. 日, 門, 近, 建).\n 7. Vertical strokes drawn to the center are written last (e.g. 中, 聿, 用) \n 8. Right-to-left diagonal order precedes from left to right strokes (e.g. 文, 父)\n 9. Strokes which cutting or pass through the middle part are written last (e.g. 母, 舟)\n 10. Dashes, except placed on the top are written last (e.g. 求)\n\nRules which often contradicts each other due to radical order:\n\n * **Rule (2) & (3)**\n\n左 & 右 are known written opposite each other - in 左 the left-down stroke\nwritten first, but in 右 the horizontal stroke written first.\n\n九 & 力 have similar form, but different writing order (in 力 horizontal-with-\nhook stroke written first).\n\n * **Rule (3), (4) & (7)**\n\nMinor strokes in Chinese context are often written latter following rule (3),\nsuch in 王 & 玉. But in Japanese, the rule (4) sometimes prioritized, such in 書.\nIn case of 重, the center stroke is written in 7th order which Chinese people\noften write it in 8th order (all horizontal top strokes written first, then\nvertical stroke followed by horizontal bottom enclosure).\n\nNote that Chinese people tend to a principle that each component should be\nwritten on its entirety before writing another component, while Japanese view\nmay treat it differently.\n\nThe stroke order for every letter (especially compound letters) are heavily\ndependent with radical composition, and 必 known as one of non-standard radical\nidentification (some listed with 心, others may listed with ノ).\n\nReference:\n\n[How does kanji stroke order work?](http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/stroke-\norder.html)",
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"body": "When I read Blavius's answer, I was greatly astonished there are so many same\ncharacters with different stroke order between ones in Japan and China. Just\nbefore that, I was preparing an answer where I wrote there was no substantial\ndifference between the two. \nI'll show my preparatory answer later on for mere reference.\n\nI searched for the Chinese characters with the different stroke order from\nthat of equivalent Japanese _kanji_ s on the Internet. What I searched are the\nChinese characters written as top 180 frequently used ones, and I found some\ncharacters with different stroke order as follows. \nTo my regret for some of them of Japanese _kanji_ s I couldn't find the actual\nstroke videos.\n\nNot for all, but in most cases in Japanese, the vertical stroke is written\nbefore the last two horizontal strokes. In Chinese, it's written as if the\nmiddle part were 土 as is written in Blavius's answer.\n\n> [Japanese 生](https://www.yosida.com/en/kanji.php?level=5&page=2), [Chinese\n> 生](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oW7Ns5KsbZI&list=PLbAdsbBBI1D79JOwd3727lJV0nUaHS6Ud&index=32)\n>\n> [Japanese 睡](https://www.yosida.com/en/kanji.php?level=1&page=13), [Chinese\n> 睡](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJmmqOxPiiw&list=PLbAdsbBBI1D79JOwd3727lJV0nUaHS6Ud&index=125)\n>\n> [Japanese 住](https://www.yosida.com/en/kanji.php?level=4&page=3), [Chinese\n> 住](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9HAkJWFk_w&index=111&list=PLbAdsbBBI1D79JOwd3727lJV0nUaHS6Ud)\n>\n> [Japanese 里](https://www.yosida.com/en/kanji.php?level=1&page=25), [Chinese\n> 里](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJJhXJl-\n> MEM&list=PLbAdsbBBI1D79JOwd3727lJV0nUaHS6Ud&index=107)\n>\n> [Chinese\n> 出](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGDc_CzPz-8&index=79&list=PLbAdsbBBI1D79JOwd3727lJV0nUaHS6Ud)\n>\n> [Japanese 国](https://www.yosida.com/en/kanji.php?level=5&page=1), [Chinese\n> 国](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzwxkHLAl-c&index=16&list=PLbAdsbBBI1D79JOwd3727lJV0nUaHS6Ud)\n>\n> [Chinese\n> 星](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yH7UbZTnvCM&list=PLbAdsbBBI1D79JOwd3727lJV0nUaHS6Ud&index=135)\n\n* * *\n\n# For mere reference:\n\n[Here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroke_order) is an article about the\nstroke order of a Chinese character (or Chinese derivative character including\nJapanese _kanji_ ).\n\nIn this article there is a description as: Minor variations exist between\ncountries, but the basic principles remain the same, namely that writing\ncharacters should be economical, with the fewest hand movements to write the\nmost strokes possible.\n\nI agree this explanation about the stroke order, and I would add another\nexplanation to it as: basically any Japanese _kanji_ might have the same\nstroke order as that of Chinese character, because the stroke order has been\nmaintained for many years by the art of calligraphy between the countries.\n\nWe write _kanji_ s not only to convey or record information but also to\nexpress beauty of them as art materials. We practice their writing for a long\ntime by using instruction copies and/or by instructors in order to be skillful\nin writing them beautifully. \nIn this process, you can't change the stroke order for each _kanji_ even if\nyou learn it in Japan or in China with some exceptions.\n\nAnd very importantly, as for the variations of the stroke order of each\n_kanji_ , it depends on mainly what kind of script you mastered in the\nlearning process, aside from the misunderstanding of the stroke order. As for\nthe kinds of script, there are mainly three: [regular\nscript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script), [semi-cursive\nscript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-cursive_script) and [cursive\nscript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive_script_\\(East_Asia\\)).\n\nRegular script is most common in modern writings and publications, and when\nyou talk about the stroke order including this question and answer we put this\nregular script as a base.\n\nCursive script is faster to write than other styles, but difficult to read for\nthose unfamiliar with it. It functions primarily as a kind of shorthand script\nor calligraphic style. People who can read standard or printed forms of\nChinese characters and Japanese _kanji_ s may not be able to comprehend this\nscript. In this script they often use a dynamic method by omitting some\nstrokes and/or changing the stroke order of regular script to be convenient\nfor faster writing.\n\nSemi-cursive script is a cursive style of Chinese characters and Japanese\n_kanji_ s. Because it is not as abbreviated as cursive, most people who can\nread regular script can read semi-cursive. It is highly useful and also\nartistic. And, when a person writes in semi-cursive script, he/she sometimes\nwrites with a different script order from regular script which is affected by\nthe stroke order of cursive script. The more skillful in handwriting he/she\nmay be the more often the confusions of stroke order may occur.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BOQk9.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZNMho.jpg)",
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| 47838 | null | 47843 |
{
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"body": "> それだけじゃない、ほかの星座の神話 **だって** 有名なものだったらロマンチックに語ることができる。\n\nwhat does だって do here? Something along the lines of the following ?\n\nほかの星座の神話 **という** 有名なもの\n\nほかの星座の神話 **の** 有名なもの",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-29T18:43:36.590",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "use of だって in this sentence",
"view_count": 110
} | [
{
"body": "だって=でも \"even\"\n\nA little more context would help, but this looks as though it means \"Not only\nthat, [but] even myths relating to other constellations, if they are famous\nones, can be told as romantic tales\".",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 47844 | null | 47845 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47864",
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"body": "I was watching the video and the guy won a cake, so he said 「ご褒美のケーキ」\n\nso I was wondering how should I translate this in English?\n\nI know that\n\n> ご褒美 = prize, reward\n>\n> ケーキ = cake\n\nbut simply putting them together is quite odd to me\n\nThank you!",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How would you translate ご褒美のケーキ?",
"view_count": 259
} | [
{
"body": "The の here is the appositive case (同格), e.g. 息子 **の** 太郎 (my son Taro)\n\n> ご褒美 **の** ケーキ\n\nSo I think it'd literally be like \"(I won/got) a cake as a prize!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-30T03:46:09.460",
"id": "47854",
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"body": "I got the answer that I was looking for so I will post it here.\n\n> ご褒美のケーキ = Winner's Cake\n\n@Chocolateさん's answer has a correct meaning too, but it's just that in this\ncontext it will be odd, if the guy said \"(I won/got) a cake as a prize!\"",
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| 47847 | 47864 | 47854 |
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"body": "In mails when explaining the cause of a delay etc, I receive something like\nthe following.\n\n> 「。。。のため、少々の遅れが発生します。\n>\n> 恐れ入りますが、よろしくお願い致します。」\n\nor\n\n> 「。。。申し訳ないが、よろしくお願い致します。」\n\nis there a difference or are they pretty much the same thing?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T00:59:15.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47848",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "20413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "When to use「恐れ入りますが」、「申し訳ないが」、「すみませんが」?",
"view_count": 779
} | [
{
"body": "I think one of the main differences is that 申し訳ない coveys a sense of apology,\nfor example if something wrong has been done from the speaker to the listener\n(now, that this expression is being constantly overused in Japan even for the\nslightest thing is just my opinion and a different story :) ).\n\nOn the other hand, 恐れ入りますが doesn't mean something wrong has been done to the\nlistener but the speaker is showing consideration/concern towards the listener\nwhen for example making a request.\n\n[This link](https://careerpark.jp/30792) has really a lot of useful info about\nthese two expressions. Let me quote below just one part about the difference,\nwhich is mostly what you are asking aboug.\n\n>\n> 「申し訳ございませんが」は「恐れ入りますが」と違い、相手に対して自分の謝罪の気持ちを伝える際に使います。「申し訳ございませんが」は、相手に対して失礼があったり、迷惑がかかった場合に使われるのです。\n>\n>\n> 「恐れ入りますが」は、自分は悪くないけど相手に配慮するために使う言葉です。「申し訳ございませんが」と似てはいますが、意味はまったく異なるので注意してください。\n\nLet me add some more. It's interesting to notice that apparently 恐れ入りますが is\noften mistakenly used. For example, always according to the source above, it\ncannot be used related to the speaker's personal behavior:\n\n>\n> 「恐れ入りますが」の間違った使い方としてよく挙げられるのは、自分の行いに対して「恐れ入りますが」を使ってしまうケースです。「恐れ入りますが」は目上の人や客人に対して頼み事をする際に使う言葉であり、自分の行いに対する言葉ではありません。\n>\n>\n> 例えば、「恐れ入りますが、私が○○○をしてもよろしいでしょうか」という使い方は間違いです。この文章の場合、行動するのは自分自身であり、相手に頼み事をしているわけではないですよね。この場合は、「申し訳ございませんが」と言う方が正解になります。\n\nAnd for example the following are examples of **wrong** usage:\n\n> ・恐れ入りますが、もうすぐ会議が始まるので、後ほど折り返しご連絡を差し上げてもよろしいでしょうか。\n>\n> ・恐れ入りますが、もう少々お待ちください。\n>\n> ・恐れ入りますが、入金は来週まで待っていただけないでしょうか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T01:40:04.587",
"id": "47850",
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| 47848 | null | 47850 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47852",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I like looking for kanji with a high 画数, and I have found that they largely\ncoincide with kanji that consist of 2 or 3 copies of another kanji (often\n\nExamples:\n\n * 龍 -> 龖(x2), 龘(x3)\n * 馬 -> 驫(x3)\n * 車 -> 轟(x3)\n * 鹿 -> 麤(x3)\n * 田 -> 畾(x3)\n\nSome of these are a bit obscure/uncommon in terms of their actual usage in\nJapanese, but I was wondering whether there was any kind of term used to\ndescribe such characters.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T01:52:07.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47851",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-30T02:04:27.060",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "21802",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Doubled and tripled kanji",
"view_count": 1458
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, the term for this type of kanji is 理義字.\n\n> ### [理義字](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%90%86%E7%BE%A9%E5%AD%97)\n>\n> 理義字（りぎじ）は、同じ漢字を2つ、ないし、3つ組み合わせて構成される漢字のこと。また、広く、形態が奇妙な漢字や、面白い形をした漢字のことを指す。\n\nAlthough it's on Wikipedia, 理義字 is a very rare word, and the authenticity of\nthis word is questioned (see\n[this](http://blog.livedoor.jp/itomata/archives/3733756.html) and\n[this](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88:%E7%90%86%E7%BE%A9%E5%AD%97)).\nAnd the article says that 理義字 in its narrowest sense only include kanji with\ntwo or three copies of the same kanji, not four or more.\n\n[This page](http://ksbookshelf.com/DW/Kanjirin/appendix/Kurikaeshiji.html)\nuses 繰返字, although it's unsourced. The same page says:\n\n>\n> このような漢字を、中国では「二畳字」「三畳字」或いは「二字畳」「三字畳」等と呼ぶようですが、必ずしも一般的ではないようで、日本と同様に総じての呼称はないようです。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-30T02:04:18.647",
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},
{
"body": "I'm not sure what the term for this type of kanji is, but it is not 理義字.\n\nFor one thing, the term itself is obscure (in its origin) and opaque (in its\nformation); further, the relevant section in the work 『四民童子字尽安見』 that is\nindeed titled 理義字集 does not only list characters like 磊森孖, it also lists other\n'special' or 'interesting' characters such as 凹凸丫兕亞. To insist that '理義字 in\nits narrowest sense only include(s) kanji with two or three copies of the same\nkanji, not four or more' is of dubious value in this light.\n\nThe book 『四民童子字尽安見』 can be seen and downloaded as\n<http://www.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kotenseki/html/ho02/ho02_00916/index.html>; a\ndiscussion of the term 理義字 is at\n<http://blog.livedoor.jp/itomata/archives/3733756.html>.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T13:06:48.463",
"id": "47994",
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| 47851 | 47852 | 47852 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47857",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Gabaibaachan, in ch. 15, at a climax in the story, the protagonist's mother\nfinally makes an appearance and cheers him on at a running race. He calls\nback:\n\n> 勉強ばできんばってん足が早かろうが--!\n\n\"I'm a terrible student but I'm a good runner, aren't I?\"\n\nMy question is what the ば particle is doing there. It seems to replace が. Is\nthis a common feature of Sagaben?\n\nEdit:\n\nAfter reading the comments below, I realise ば can replace を in the 九州 dialect.\nAfter googling をできない, I found some examples of this collocation, even though I\nwould have expected ができない. So, my updated question is, is the character in\nfact saying, 「勉強(が)をできない」?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T03:28:11.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47853",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-30T04:56:55.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "21868",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"dialects"
],
"title": "勉強ばできん - particle ば",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "> 勉強 **ば** できんばってん足が早かろうが--! \n> _I've a bad brain (or I'm not smart) but I'm a good runner, aren't I?_\n\nIn this sentence ば stands for は, a topic marker, in がばいばあちゃん's region in Saga\nprefecture. It is a common Kyushu dialect. As for the ば in the following\nsentence also by がばいばあちゃん written\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/46744/why-is-%E3%81%B0-in-\nthis-sentence) stands for を.\n\n> そんなトコで何 **ば** しよる。 \n> _What are you doing there?_\n\nI don't know why, but ば is flexible in the dialect.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T07:27:56.987",
"id": "47857",
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"score": 3
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| 47853 | 47857 | 47857 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47856",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching an anime (\"The Royal Tutor\"), and I noticed someone with an\ninteresting name (presumably a pen-name) - 子子子子 子子子, which as far as I can\ntell is a reference to \"Neko no ko koneko, shishi no ko kojishi\". So I tried\nto work out what role this person had in the show, and it was given as 予告脚本.\nAs best I can manage, this seems to mean \"preview script\", so did this person\nreally get a screen credit for writing the script to the next episode's\npreview, or is there another translation I've missed?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T03:51:46.993",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47855",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-30T04:46:49.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16022",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does this person do on the show?",
"view_count": 455
} | [
{
"body": "予告 is a preview/trailer of the next episode of an anime or a drama, which is\ntypically 15 seconds long. 脚本 is a script writer in this context. If the end\ncredit really said something like `予告脚本 子子子子 子子子`, then that's the person who\nwrote the script of the preview of that episode. As you have probably guessed,\nthere is not usually a dedicated writer for a 15-second preview clip, but\nthat's the only possible interpretation.\n\nFrom what I could google, [子【ね】子【こ】子【じ】子【し】\n子【こ】子【ね】子【こ】](https://twitter.com/nekojishikoneko) is the pen name of a real\nnovelist. This name must be a parody of the well-known wordplay\n[子【ね】子【こ】(の)子【こ】子【こ】子【ね】子【こ】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%90).\n\n**EDIT** : Here's [a\ntweet](https://twitter.com/nekojishikoneko/status/845613242525237249) that\nsays she was actually in charge of 予告脚本.\n\n>\n> 4／2から放送開始のTVアニメ『王室教師ハイネ』にて、次回予告コーナーの脚本を担当させて頂きました。毎話15秒ほどと短い時間ですが、１クール放送分を担当しております",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T04:24:58.973",
"id": "47856",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
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| 47855 | 47856 | 47856 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47869",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 松佳(まつか) a girl's name in Japanese? Does it sound traditional? What image\ndoes it give? \nI found this on the site <https://b-name.jp/> but seems like no one is using\nit.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T09:19:01.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47859",
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"last_editor_user_id": "11370",
"owner_user_id": "11370",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Is 松佳 a name in Japanese?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "松 and 佳 have positive meanings so both are very common for girl's name such as\n松子, 佳恵, 由佳, etc. I think 佳 is rather than 松 nowadays. But, the combination of\n松+佳 in single name is not traditional for girl's. (To be honest, I've never\nseen and couldn't read it as まつか at first)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T14:22:06.583",
"id": "47869",
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| 47859 | 47869 | 47869 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47865",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 複数の新聞を **読むことで初めて** 、立体的かつ冷静に分析が出来ることもある。\n\nI'm not sure about how I should interpret it, is this で needed after こと\nbecause of the ～て初めて grammar and because you can't add the て form on 読む ? It\nwould be something like :\n\n> \"There are times when only **after reading** multiple newspapers, you can\n> analyze calmly in three dimensions\"\n\nIs this correct ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T10:44:22.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47861",
"last_activity_date": "2017-05-30T12:33:46.320",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "～ことで初めて in a sentence",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "This で is a method marker (\"by ～\", \"by means of ～\", \"with ～\"). As long as こと\nis used, this で is also required.\n\n * 複数の新聞を読む read multiple newspapers\n * 複数の新聞を読む **こと** read **ing** multiple newspapers\n * 複数の新聞を読むこと **で** **by** reading multiple newspapers\n\nTherefore ～ことで初めて～できる literally means \"You can ～ firstly by ～ing.\" More\nnatural ways to translate it would be \"You can ～ only after ～\", \"You can ～\nonly by ～\" or \"You cannot ～ until ～\".\n\n> 複数の新聞を読むことで初めて、立体的かつ冷静に分析が出来ることもある。 \n> There are times when you can analyze things sterically and soberly only\n> after reading multiple newspapers.\n\nThis sentence can be rephrased without using こと.\n\n> 複数の新聞を読んで初めて、立体的かつ冷静に分析が出来ることもある。\n\nThis で after 読ん is of course part of the te-form of 読む. Is this what you mean\nby \"the ～て初めて grammar?\"",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T12:33:46.320",
"id": "47865",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 47861 | 47865 | 47865 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47866",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "By \"Chinese-derived words\" I mean words that are read solely in 音読み, e.g. 自転車,\n会社, 選択 etc.\n\nAs a Chinese speaker, I find some of the `Chinese-derived` words not really\nChinese. We don't call a bicycle a 自転車, or a company a 会社.\n\nSo I thought the Japanese made these words up themselves, without any Chinese\ninfluence, using the meanings of each character, like 自(self) 転(turning)\n車(vehicle). And that the only Chinese influence is the characters, not the\nword as a whole.\n\nBut if they were made up by the Japanese, why aren't they read in 訓読み?\n\nAlso, I thought the Japanese borrowed the characters and their meanings a long\ntime ago, causing some characters' meanings to be different from what they\nmean in modern Chinese. For example, 走 used to mean \"run\" in classical\nChinese, but it means \"walk\" now. But then I see the relatively new adjective\nending ー的. Does this mean that modern Chinese also has an influence on the\nJapanese language?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T11:04:35.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47862",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18200",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "What are the origins of the Chinese derived words?",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": "> But if they were made up by the Japanese, why aren't they read in 訓読み?\n\nBecause on-yomi readings sounded (and still sound) better for\ntechnical/academic terms. Roughly in the 19th century, Japanese people coined\nmany \"Chinese-looking\" technical terms as they rapidly learnt Western culture\nand technologies. Before the Meiji Restoration, most technical terms had been\nborrowed from Chinese, and there were no native-Japanese equivalent for such\ndifficult words. So it looked simply natural to use the grammar pattern and\nthe readings of Chinese to coin new kanji words. Kun-readings were already too\nmundane for this purpose.\n\nMany of the words coined in this period were even reverse-imported and became\npart of the modern Chinese vocabulary. See 和製漢語 on [Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%A3%BD%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E),\n[Chinese\nWikipedia](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%A3%BD%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E)\nor [English Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasei-kango).\n\nIn those days, Chinese people also coined many new words (sometimes referred\nto as 華製新漢語 as opposed to 和製漢語), and some of them were imported to Japan. -的\nis a suffix which came into use in Japan in the late 19th century.\n\n自転車 is a word coined by a Japanese sculptor Torajiro Takeuchi in the late 19th\ncentury.\n\n>\n> [日本の自転車](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%8A)\n>\n>\n> 1870年、東京・南八丁堀5丁目の竹内寅次郎という彫刻職人が「自転車」と名付けた三輪の車（ラントン型と考えられている）について、4月29日付の願書で東京府に製造・販売の許可を求めた。この願書は「自転車」という言葉の最古の使用例とされ、東京都公文書館に保存されている「庚午府治類纂」舟車之部という文書綴りに収められている。\n\nLikewise, many words were independently coined as translations from Western\nlanguages both in China and Japan. Other such examples are 機場 vs 空港 for\n_airport_ , 棒球 vs 野球 for _baseball_ , 電影 vs 映画 for _movie_ and 公司 vs 会社 for\n_company_.\n\nToday, Japanese people no longer frequently coin totally new kanji compounds\nnor borrow new kanji words from Chinese. Instead, people introduce new\nkatakana loanwords almost every day.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T13:03:38.473",
"id": "47866",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 47862 | 47866 | 47866 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "The use of ところ is quite abstract to me sometimes, usually I can guess its\npurpose, but I'm not quite sure here;\n\n> 「眼を耀かせてるところ悪…」\n\nDoes it act like a particle? Like it's defining what was in those eyes (evil\nshining in his eyes)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-05-30T13:57:12.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47868",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-05-30T22:35:05.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "22332",
"owner_user_id": "22332",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"syntax"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of \"ところ\" in this passage?",
"view_count": 346
} | []
| 47868 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I was translating this song ([full lyrics\nhere](http://vocaloidlyrics.wikia.com/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8A%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1_\\(Hansuu_no_Inshou\\)))\nand I ran across this phrase:\n\n> 歪み 並ぶ 使い捨てのレール\n\nI was thinking that it would make sense if 歪み modified レール - \"We chose (in the\nsong, they are on a train, so I believe that the general feeling is that the\ntrain is doing this action) to go down the warped, obsolete rail\" would make\nsense to me. Does that work? Despite 並ぶ between them, can 歪み be modifying レール?\nIt was the only way I could make sense of it, but maybe I'm wrong.\n\nThank you for your help!",
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"creation_date": "2017-05-30T20:17:12.500",
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"tags": [
"translation",
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],
"title": "How far can a word be away from another and still modify it - 歪み 並ぶ 使い捨てのレール",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "Here are the four lines in the same stanza:\n\n> 裂けて 避けた 鈍行列車 \n> 点いて 消える きまぐれ信号 \n> 直せ 叩け 切り換えスイッチ \n> 歪み 並ぶ 使い捨てのレール\n\nDo you see the \"verb + verb + (topic) noun\" pattern on each line? Essentially\nthese lines are a list of four nouns, just like \"parsley, sage, rosemary and\nthyme.\" I don't think it's a good idea to suddenly assume the train as the\nsubject of the fourth line. The express train is going back to a garage\n(車庫に入ります) after this scene, then why does it have to choose an obsolete\nrailway? (BTW, 使い捨て is usually _disposable_ or _single-use_ , but I think\n_obsolete_ is fine here.)\n\nA rather literal translation would be \"(There are) distorted and obsolete\nrailways running side by side\". 歪み is the continuous form of 歪む and it safely\nmodifies レール in combination of 並ぶ. As I mentioned in the other question, I\nguess these four lines describe a passing loop where local trains avoid (避ける)\nfaster trains.\n\nPossible interpretations are 1) someone saw the local train, the signal light,\nthe switch and the obsolete railroads from inside the express train, or 2)\nthis scene is depicted totally from the third-person objective viewpoint. I\nprefer the latter; I see very little intention or will throughout the lyrics,\nand I don't want to use the first-person viewpoint (i.e., \"I\" or \"we\") too\nmuch. I feel it's better to translate the song as if you were a transparent\nportrait painter or a ghost camera operator.",
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| 47871 | null | 47879 |
{
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"body": "How would I write \"red pill\" or \"red pilled\" in Japanese? I'm having a\nconversation with a friend overseas about different weird current stuff in US\npolitics on youtube and I was just wondering how this would be written because\nI don't know if I'm coming across clearly with them or not with the written\nform of it.\n\nI don't really know Japanese and I tried google translate and it gave me\n\"赤い丸薬\" but I'm wondering if that's correct? Thanks!",
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"tags": [
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"title": "What is \"Red Pill\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 1536
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{
"body": "> How would I write \"red pill\" or \"red pilled\" in Japanese?\n\n\"赤い錠剤\" or \"赤いカプセル\" is good. \"Pill\" is translated to [錠剤]{じょうざい} or カプセル, and\nピル (pill, _piru_ ) means an oral contraceptive pill in Japan.\n\n[丸薬]{がんやく} is an old wording; it means a type of kneaded and round shaped\npill. In old times, most pills were made by conventional methods, not by\nmodern scientific methods. So it's weird to call a modern pill 丸薬.",
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"body": "I would go with this:\n\n> 「レッドピル」という、[現]{●}[実]{●}を見えるような目を開かせること。\n\nbut maybe a native speaker can correct this and tell me whether that would\nexplain it in a concise way.\n\nMaybe even based 現実 , 真理 or something like that.",
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"body": "I'm Japanese native. I look for the meaning of \"red pill\" in Eng-Jpn\ndictionary.\n\nI think there is no word or idiom for \"red pill\" in Japanese. But if I\ntranslate, it would be sentence like this.\n\n幻想を破る - overcome the illusion or 現実を受け入れる - accept reality",
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"body": "I would recommend:\n\n> 目覚めた{めざめた} mezameta\n\nEven as an American I have not heard that Matrix referenced used in that way\nbefore. Although I think you want to convey the sense of someone waking up to\nreality, like Neo taking the red pill in the movie and becoming aware of the\nreal world.\n\n目覚める means to wake up, or more literally that your eyes are open. I think this\nfits well with the question since it seems you want to say that \"your eyes\nhave been opened\" or that you have woken up to a new consciousness of reality.\n\nI'd recommend using 目覚める over mentioning anything about a literal \"red pill\"\nunless you know that your friend has seen The Matrix and would get that\nreference. If they have seen the movie, you could even reference the scene\ndirectly by saying something like:\n\n> マトリックスでネオが赤い{あかい}ピルを飲んだ{のんだ}時{とき}みたいに私{わたし}は目覚めた{めざめた}。",
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| 47872 | 47883 | 47883 |
{
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"body": "Please pardon my ignorance but I am looking for a grammatically correct way to\nsay, 'Embrace the void.' in Kanji/hiragana\n\nI've done some research regarding the different methods of writing it but I\nhave no actual knowledge of japanese sentence structure so I can only surmise\nbased on what I've read.\n\nI've come up with the following:\n\n擁する虚\n\nIs this fairly accurate or am I totally off?\n\n擁 meaning embrace\n\n擁する meaning 'to embrace' or 'to possess'\n\nAnd finally 虚 being 'Void' or 'Emptyness'.\n\nI appreciate any assistance!\n\nThank you",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Help creating a grammatically correct statement",
"view_count": 247
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{
"body": "First off, it would be useful to learn a bit of basic Japanese grammar -- A\nlittle goes a long way!\n\nSecond, there are a number of ways to phrase your phrase. One thing to be\naware of when phrasing things in Japanese is the Subject-Object-Verb order,\nwhich is contrary to languages such as English, where we utilize Subject-Verb-\nObject order in sentence structure.\n\nThird, you have to take particles into consideration. For example, the は\n(pronounced 'wa') particle marks a topic. The を (pronounced 'o' or 'wo' with a\nmore or less silent w) marks an object to which a verb is being applied to.\nThis particle might be the one we need to use here.\n\nNext, the kanji you used for 'void' is only a part of the full word, which is\nmost commonly an adjective for something that IS void (here, the word 虚しい\n'munashii' is the adjective in question). It is possible to turn this\nadjective into a noun by changing the last い into さ, making the word 虚しさ\n'munashisa', which is likely the \"void\" you're attempting to describe.\n\nAlso, the する-verb you selected 擁する 'you-suru' refers to a having. You may want\nto try the verb 抱く 'daku', which is probably closer to the idea of embracing\nsomething. Then, in order to turn this into an imperative conjugation, you may\ntry the soft way, which is turning it into a て-form (抱いて） which implies asking\nsomeone to 'embrace the void', or otherwise use direct imperative form 抱け\n'dake' to direct someone to 'embrace the void'\n\nSo, with these clues, do you think you can put the phrase together? ;)",
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"body": "There are many ways to convey this but probably none that can do so _exactly_\nlike you wish.\n\nIf by void, you meant nothingness, I would probably go with **虚無**. \nAnd for embrace, if the intended meaning was to accept/invite, I might go with\nthe verb **迎える**.\n\nWhich would result into something like.\n\n> 虚無に迎える\n\nOdds are I am way off though... \nIt is quite an unusual sentence to start with.\n\nI would be glad to hear other peoples opinion on this.",
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"body": "The first translation that came up to my mind was 虚無を抱け. (In hiragana only,\nきょむをいだけ; in Latin alphabet, _Kyomu o idake_.)\n\n擁する would be understood from the context, but at least in modern Japanese, 擁する\nis usually used in the sense of \"(for a company/town/etc) to have\n(people/employees/etc)\". 抱く is another verb which I think fits better with the\ncontext. And is this sentence meant to be imperative (i.e., an order)? Then\nyou need the imperative form of this verb, which is 抱け.\n\n虚 is not wrong, but it's too short and may not be understood unless you use it\nin [an established\nidiom](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%99%9A%E3%82%92%E3%81%A4%E3%81%8F). My\nsuggestion is 虚無.\n\n擁する虚 happens to be grammatical and mean something like \"the void that has\nsomething\", but that's not what you want it to mean. Probably you just wrote\ndown two words as if they were English words? Then you should have been aware\nof the fact that word order is totally different between English and Japanese.\nIn Japanese the verb comes after the corresponding object, and you have to\n[mark an object of a verb with a particle `を`\n(o)](http://www.punipunijapan.com/grammar-lesson-7-particle-%E3%82%92-o/).\nHence my translation 虚無を抱け. This should work fine in lyrics, poems or such.\nDon't use it in everyday speech.",
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| 47873 | 47881 | 47881 |
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"body": "> もっとも……洞窟の中にいたとしても、冷静に考えりゃ無事にはすまないんだが、それでも外よりはマシだっただろう。\n\nもっとも……洞窟の中にいたとしても would be \"Even if you are in the cave...\" and\nそれでも外よりはマシだっただろう be \"It would be better than being outside\".\n\nBut I don't understand this part very well: 冷静に考えりゃ無事にはすまないんだが. I know that\n冷静に考えりゃ is \"thinking calmly\", but 無事にはすまない confuses me. I think \"すまない\" must be\nanother word, because \"sorry\" doesn't make sense, but I don't recognize it\nwithout kanji.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Can someone help me with this sentence, please?",
"view_count": 163
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{
"body": "無事 means _safety_ , and 済む is a verb that means _to finish_. 無事に済む is a very\ncommon set phrase that means _to finish without trouble_. In this case it\nmeans something more physical: _to get away without being injured_. 考えりゃ is\n考えれば, a colloquial [eba-to-ya\ncontraction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/12525/5010). This もっとも is\nsomething like _admittedly, though_.\n\nSo 洞窟の中にいたとしても冷静に考えりゃ無事にはすまない means \"even if we had been in the cave, come to\nthink of it calmly, we could not have gotten away without getting injured\".",
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| 47876 | null | 47890 |
{
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"body": "Related: [Is it appropriate to use irasshaimase when welcoming someone to a\nprivate office?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44805/is-it-\nappropriate-to-use-irasshaimase-when-welcoming-someone-to-a-private-\noffice/44808#44808)\n\nIn the related question, the target is \"someone\", which brings me to the\nconclusion that OP there means \"if anyone other than people working in the\nsame office arrives, should いらっしゃいませ be used?\".\n\nFor example, when clients of a software engineering firm you're working for\nvisit your office, is it customary to say いらっしゃいませ since they are customers,\nor is いらっしゃいませ usually just said in a service-oriented environment (such as\nrestaurants, hotels, and shops)?\n\nContext: We have a Japanese HR Officer who happened to be in the same room as\nus when the clients arrived and she greeted with いらっしゃいませ, which perplexed me\na bit because I thought it was only used for restaurants and whatnot.",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"keigo",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Is it customary to say いらっしゃいませ in a corporate setting?",
"view_count": 804
} | [
{
"body": "When someone comes to your place or office, you can say ようこそいらっしゃいました which is\nbasically \"Welcome, nice to see you!\" You can use this in your office and in\nyour home as well.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-05-31T01:49:11.600",
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"body": "> is いらっしゃいませ usually just said in a service-oriented environment (such as\n> restaurants, hotels, and shops)?\n\nYes, it is.\n\nI think it's not wrong in your office but a little weird.\n\n\"お待ちしておりました。(Omachisiteorimasita)\" may be best for this situation. \nIt means like \"We(I) have been waiting for you.\"",
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| 47877 | 47884 | 47884 |
{
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"body": "What are some ways in which one can express \"you know what?\" expressions with\na nuance of either \"i've made up my mind\" after debating something internally\nfor awhile? I see that やっぱり or 実は are somewhat close but doesn't quite fit.\n\nFor example\n\nA: \"You going to the meet up tomorrow?\"\n\nB: \"I'm not sure...\"\n\nA: \"Well let me know before Friday\"\n\nB: \"You know what? I'll go.\"",
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"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "\"you know what?\" or how to change your mind",
"view_count": 1995
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{
"body": "This is one of those situations where, in my opinion, there are several\ndifferent ways of expressing this idea.\n\nHere's how I would translate your example:\n\n> A: 明日｛あした｝、会｛あ｝うつもりですか？ \n> B: 分｛わ｝からないんですけど。 \n> A: なるほど、土曜日｛どようび｝の前｛まえ｝に行｛い｝くか、行｛い｝かないかを知｛し｝らせて下さい。 \n> B: あのね、少｛すこ｝し考｛かんが｝えたら、会｛あ｝うつもりです。\n\nAs I'm sure you're aware, the phrase \"You know what?\" is an English expression\nthat the Japanese would find funny if you translated it directly. In my\nexperience, if you say something to the effect of \"now that I think about\nit...\" you'll be able to communicate the idea that you have just made your\nmade a decision. Just know that in the situation above, person B will probably\nhave to reaffirm that they can meet up if the relationship between A and B is\nformal.\n\nAnother way to do it is to just say \"I've made my decision.\" Translation using\nthis structure below:\n\n> A: 明日｛あした｝、会｛あ｝うつもりですか？ \n> B: 分｛わ｝からないんですけど。 \n> A: なるほど、土曜日｛どようび｝の前｛まえ｝に行｛い｝くか、行｛い｝かないかを知｛し｝らせて下さい。 \n> B: 決｛き｝めた、会｛あ｝うつもりです。\n\nIn reality, a lot of this depends on the relationship between A and B, as well\nas the environment where the conversation happens.",
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"body": "So you mean \"you know what\" used in this scene?\n<https://youtu.be/rk_qLtk0m2c?t=2m58s>\n\nIt's difficult to give a direct equivalent, but possible expressions would be:\n\n * こうしましょう！ こうしよう！ \n(This こう refers to something that follows.)\n\n * それじゃあ！ それでは！\n * では！ じゃあ！\n * 決めた！ 決めました！ わかった！ わかりました！\n * よし！ オーケー！",
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| 47886 | 47901 | 47901 |
{
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"body": "> 軽口 **と** お喋りが過ぎて伯母さんには嫌われてたっけ。\n\nWhat is the meaning of と？They were describing someone. The only thing I could\nguess would be \"When\", but I'm not sure since the phrase would be kind of\nstrange.\n\nEDIT : I'm sorry, as murakamifund300 stated, the real problem wasn't the\nmeaning of と - which just means \"and\" - but the two nouns before and after\nwere - which are not identical as I thought at first.",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "Particle と in this sentence",
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{
"body": "The meaning is of the particle in this situation simply translates to \"and\".",
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| 47888 | 47889 | 47889 |
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"body": "私は 二 猫を います。 猫は 一 なまえ シャドち。 猫 二 なまえ ランジち。\n\nI'm attempting to say, \"I have two cats. cat one is named Shadow. Cat two is\nnamed randy.\"",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "Is this sentence correct. (Beginner sentence.)",
"view_count": 444
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{
"body": "Your translation is somewhat close, but some there are some errors. You are\ngoing to want to use counters in this sentence.\n\n\"I have two cats\" will use the counter for animals (hiki/piki). You'll want to\nstudy counters more closely if you want to understand their meaning.\n\nThe second part of your sentence needs a little work. You're on the right\ntrack, but lets see if we can work out some kinks.\n\nI'm going to take some liberty and change the sentence above slightly so that\nit sounds more natural. The translation and change are below:\n\n```\n\n I have two cats. Their names are Shadow and Randy.\n 私は猫｛ねこ｝が二匹｛にひき｝います。名前｛なまえ｝はシャドーとランディです。\n \n```\n\nHere's how I would translate the sentence as you originally had it with only a\nsubtle change:\n\n```\n\n I have two cats. One is named Shadow. The other is named Randy.\n 私は猫｛ねこ｝が二匹｛にひき｝います。一匹｛いっぴき｝の名前｛なまえ｝はシャドーです。もう一匹｛いっぴき｝はランディです。\n \n```\n\nI hope it helps.",
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"body": "Great attempt, but not quite. There are a few things wrong here.\n\nFirst, to say you \"have\" something (that is a living being), you use THING\n**が** います, not **を**.\n\nSecondly, you need to use counter words ([助数詞]{じょ・すう・し}) which presumably you\nhaven't learned yet. To form them, you use `number + <counter word>`. For cats\nand other small creatures (except for rabbits), the counter word is 〜[匹]{ひき}.\nSo in this case, you would say 二匹. Now to combine that with the \"have\" part,\nyou insert the counter before います. So you'd get\n\n> 私は猫が二匹います。\n\nCounters are a whole other area of study by themselves that I'm not going to\ndig into here. They're not difficult, but it takes some practice to learn what\ncounters there are and what situation to use them in (for example, see [my\nquestion about counting video\nclips](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9714/78)).\n\n(Also, it's maybe a little more natural to say 私 **に** or 私 **には**. See [が and\nに interchangeability and difference in\nmeaning](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4440/78) for more about this).\n\nLastly, when using ordinals (i.e., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ...) with counters, you use\nthe suffix 〜[目]{め}. So \"first cat\" is 一匹目, \"second cat\" is 二匹目, and so on.\nHowever, this puts focus on the actual order, and since you're not really\nordering them, I'd suggest 一匹〜もう一匹 (\"the first one 〜 the other one\") as in\n@ajsmart's answer. Also, your word order in the second sentence is a little\noff and missing a few particles.\n\nSo your sentence would end up looking like\n\n> 私は猫が二匹います。一匹目の名前はシャドです。二匹目の名前はランジです。\n\nor\n\n> 私は猫が二匹います。一匹の名前はシャドです。もうー匹はランジです。 (you could safely omit の名前 for the second\n> one)",
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"body": "> I have two cats. Cat one is named Shadow. Cat two is named randy.\n\n家｛うち｝には猫｛ねこ｝が二匹｛にひき｝います or 私｛わたし｝は猫｛ねこ｝を二匹｛にひき｝飼｛か｝っています。名前｛なまえ｝はシャドーとランディーです。\n\nAs for _I have two cats_ , literally or logically 私は猫が二匹います could be said as\nthe translation of \"I have two cats\", but we don't say like that. But, 私\n**には** 猫が二匹います could be said anyway.\n\nAnd as for *Cat one is named Shadow. Cat two is named randy.\", I agree with\najsmart's answer that \" _Their names are Shadow and Randy_ \" is more natural.",
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"body": "## **Disclaimer** :\n\nThis is a topic that I hold particularly dear. This question is related to\ndata so that it is acceptable for this community. However, as a languages\nenthusiast, what deeply concerns me is that this explosion in katakana\nloanwords is (and will be more and more) \"re-shaping\" a beautiful language\nlike Japanese in a sort of hybrid language (this is of course a very\npessimistic view).\n\n## Intro: (on purpose a little provocative)\n\nI have just read an answer from Naruto to [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47862/what-are-the-\norigins-of-the-chinese-derived-words). In particular these last two sentences\nmade me decide to finally start scraping the surface of this topic which I\nhave been concerned with for a long time.\n\n> Today, Japanese people no longer frequently coin totally new kanji compounds\n> nor borrow new kanji words from Chinese. Instead, people introduce new\n> katakana loanwords almost every day.\n\nI totally agree, and want to build up on this.\n\nAnyway, I **will not** ask whether you think or not that _\"katakana is just\nugly, so isn't the less the better_ \"? (Want to have a headache? Look\n[here](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7)\nfor example). Would be an opinion.\n\nAlthough I am extremely curious to know about it, I **will not** ask \" _why do\nyou think that Japanese people like so much to just adopt a katakana loanword\nrather than make up a \"traditional\" Japanese word for something new_? (For\nexample Chinese would (almost) never do that I believe). You would be\nsurprised at the reaction many Japanese people when I ask: so, why has it been\ncalled エスかレター and not, say, 自動階段? (I came up with this example myself but\npeople seem to agree that could make perfect sense). Would be probably be an\nopinion again.\n\n## Actual question:\n\nI have the feeling that especially in the last decades the use of katakana\nloanwords has increased dramatically (and this seemed to agree with the quote\nabove).\n\nWhen exactly did it start? Do you know of any data/references where one could\ntrack the evolution of creation and use of such loanwords? I would be very\ninterested to know what is the growth rate. Also, they seem not only related\nto technology or \"new inventions\" but my feeling is that more and more nouns,\nadjectives, etc are becoming popular (リーズナブル、インストラクター、 ディスカッション， and I could\ngo on forever). So at what pace and why katakana loanwords are growing so\nmuch?\n\nRelated to this I would also like to clear the following. Again, my feeling\nand personal experience tells me that _Japanese is probably one of the\nlanguages with the highest rate of loanwords in the world_. Is this true? Is\nthere data to back this theory up?\n\n## Bonus question (might be slightly an opinion):\n\nDo you think that using katakana instead of the English alphabet also for\nwords that are normally not considered Japanese words would in the long run\n(tens of years) contribute to the creation of a new loanword that will be\nadopted and integrated as a \"Japanese word\"?\n\nExample: a building is called ビュータワー。 No Japanese today (I hope!) would use\nビュー for \"view\" (they would use 景色，眺め、眺望， or whatever appropriate).\n\nHowever, wouldn't using English alphabet make a much clearer distinction\nbetween what is a Japanese word and what is not? Doesn't using constantly a\nJapanese alphabet also for English words risk to lead, in the future, to\npeople saying something like \"綺麗なビューですね\"?\n\n## Final Note:\n\nAlthough it might be difficult to feel this difference from \"original\" and\n\"loan\" words from a native speaker point of view (they probably both would\nsound natural at the same level), IMHO Japanese is a beautiful language and\nthis extreme growth in loanwords is doing some serious harm. Of course one\ncould argue that every language evolves and will eventually change. But is it\nwrong to want to protect it's roots structure? I actually met Japanese people\nthat seems to feel the same way I do and would be interesting to continue this\ndiscussion.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"score": 7,
"tags": [
"words",
"katakana",
"loanwords",
"language-evolution"
],
"title": "Katakana loanwords: is there data about their creation/evolution and acceptance as \"new Japanese words\"?",
"view_count": 440
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{
"body": "By summing up your actual questions, they become as follows:\n\n> 1. When exactly did the drastic increase of the use of katakana loanwords\n> start?\n> 2. Do you know of any data/references where one could track the evolution\n> of creation and use of such loanwords?\n> 3. What is the growth rate of loanwords?\n> 4. At what pace and why are katakana loanwords growing so much in nouns\n> and adjectives, besides those relating to technology or \"new inventions\"?\n> 5. Japanese is probably one of the languages with the highest rate of\n> loanwords in the world. Is this true? Is there data to back this theory up?\n>\n\nThe questions could be summarised into two as:\n\n> A: Does anyone have the statistics on this theme? \n> B: Why is the loanwords based on English increasing drastically besides\n> those relating to technology or new inventions?\n\nI don't have the answer for A. As for B, I think the combination of the\nfollowing prominent factors have induced the status quo:\n\n(1) 英語の国際語化 \nThe spread of English as the international language\n\n(2) 日本経済の急成長とそれに伴う国際貿易および様々な国際交流の急増 \nThe Rapid growth of the Japanese economy after World War II, and the rapid\nincrease of its International trade and the international various exchanges\nbased on the growth\n\n(3) 日本の産業構造の変化（第三次産業の相対的急増） \nChange of the industry structure of Japan - relative rapid increase of the\ntertiary sector of industry\n\n(4) 戦後（第二次世界大戦終了後）急増した欧米白人文化、特に米国文化に対する日本人の劣等感の裏返しとしての同文化移入の加速化 \nAcceleration of the culture introduction as the reaction of the Japanese\ninferiority complex for the Western (European and particularly American)\nculture that increased rapidly after World War II\n\n(5) 漢語を工夫しての造語能力の低下 \nDrop of the ability for coining words made by devising Chinese characters",
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{
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"body": "> 彼女は食【しょく】が細い【ほそい】。 \n> _She eats very little._\n\nDoes 細い have that meaning in that context?",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 細い in 彼女は食が細い",
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{
"body": "If you search in the dictionary for a meaning of 細い that fits, you probably\nwill not find any. 食が細い is an expression. And if you search for it in a\ndictionary like jisho as a whole, you will get the definition :\n\n> eating only a little; having a small appetite\n\nAs a side note, 細い{こまい}, can mean stingy, so it might be funny to imagine\nsomeone being stingy with their food.\n\nBut your interpretation was the correct one.",
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"body": "I don't know the etymology of 食｛しょく｝が細{ほそ}い. But it sounds that the path to\nconvey food to the stomach is narrow (細{ほそ}い) and the capacity of the stomach\nis small, so he/she eats a little and/or feels full soon, and as a matter of\ncourse he/she has a small appetite.\n\nAs for the antonym, you don't say 食｛しょく｝が太｛ふと｝い, but say like: \n- 彼｛かれ｝は大｛おお｝食｛ぐ｝いだ。 \n- 彼｛かれ｝は大｛おお｝食｛ぐ｝らいだ。 \n- 彼｛かれ｝は大｛たい｝食｛しょく｝漢｛かん｝だ。",
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"body": "Yes. 細い means thin. So yeah basically the amount she eats is very little.",
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| 47899 | null | 47900 |
{
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"body": "According to [jisho](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%AD%92%20%23kanji), one of the\nkun'yomi readings for the character 孒 is 「ひだりのうでがない」. This feels like it is\nnot an official reading, but is that reading ever used in conjunction with\nthis kanji? It feels like a humorous descriptive for the shape of the kanji,\nbut is there any basis for it?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"score": 7,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Reading of 孒 as ひだりのうでがない",
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{
"body": "Some people believe many kanji have this type of lengthy and descriptive kun-\nreadings. See: [長訓読み](http://www.akatsukinishisu.net/kanji/nagakun/) and\n[訓読みが長い漢字](https://enpedia.rxy.jp/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E8%AA%AD%E3%81%BF%E3%81%8C%E9%95%B7%E3%81%84%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97).\nThere's also a [song by Hatsune Miku](https://youtu.be/__Qo8tFxlGo).\n\nMany webpages say these weird readings are basically based on the 字訓索引 (\"kun-\nreading Index\") of [大漢和辞典](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Kan-Wa_Jiten),\nprobably the largest kanji dictionary ever published in Japan. The longest\n\"kun-reading\" in the kun index of this dictionary is ほねとかわとがはなれるおと for 砉. I\ndon't own this dictionary and cannot check if ひだりのうでがない exists for 孒, but if\nit does, it might be called \"official\" and \"authoritative\".\n\nIn reality, these strange \"kun-readings\" were listed in the index of course\nonly for convenience sake. See the [discussion\nhere](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/hakuriku/20040317#p1). I believe no one have read\nthis kanji as such seriously.",
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"body": "As respondents have suggested, these are often elaborately jokey, in the\nmanner of the convoluted English puns loved by the Victorians. But they can be\nuseful mnemonics. For example, I can always remember (not that I often need\nto) the old form of 寿(ことぶき) , which is 壽, by a mnemonic composed of the\nindividual elements in the kanji, reading from top down:\nさむらい(士)のフエ[は]いち(一)インチ(吋) , \"The samurai's flute is one inch long\". Similarly,\nthe old form of 桜 (さくら) , which is 櫻 , can be deconstructed as にかいのおんなにきをつけて\n(二貝の女に木をつけて - \"add ki to two kai and onna\"), which can also be interpreted as\n二階の女に気をつけて, \"Beware of the woman on the second floor\". There are lots more.",
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"body": "A mosquito larva is written as **[孑孒]【boh-fura】(ぼうふら)** in kanjis. It swims in\nthe water by wiggling the body to right and left.\n\n[Here](https://twitter.com/kiki_isiki/status/241847306108952576) is a tweeted\nmessage relating to the theme you posted as:\n\nThough I knew a mosquito larva is written as **[孑孒]【boh-fura】** in kanjis,\nafter having known that the _kanji_ **孑** means a child without the right arm\nand the other _kanji_ **孒** means a child without the left arm I would\nsympathize with larvae lacking in the arms and the legs a little, and I feel\neven a certain deep impression when I see them flying in the sky freely with\nobtaining even wings as well as the arms and legs after maturing into\nmosquitoes by killing them by crushing at the same time.",
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"body": "_Kun'yomi_ are, historically speaking, Japanese translations of the Chinese\ndefinitions of _kanji_. Whether or not something is an official reading of a\n_kanji_ is dependent on what sources are considered authoritative.\n\nFor _kanji_ which aren't in a common character list like _Jōyō_ , you would\ninevitably find that the authoritative source has a high chance of ultimately\ngetting its translation-reading from some ancient Chinese dictionary, if the\n_kanji_ is not really used in Japanese (as a single character). The length of\nthe _kun'yomi_ in this case is then, unsurprisingly, correlated to the length\nof the Chinese definition. Examples, some taken from the other responses:\n\n「暤」：[ _Shuowen_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi): 晧旰也 ( _bright,\nclear_ ). _Kun'yomi_ : **あきらか**\n\n「孒」： _Shuowen_ : 無左臂也. _Kun'yomi_ : **[ひだり]{左}｜の｜[うで]{腕}｜が｜[な]{無}い** (Note:\nChinese「臂」means _arm_ )\n\n「砉」：[ _Guangyun_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangyun): 皮骨相離聲. _Kun'yomi_ :\n**[ほね]{骨}｜と｜[かわ]{皮}｜とが｜[はな]{離}れる｜[ おと]{音}** (Note: Chinese「聲」means _sound_ )\n\n「閄」：[字彙補](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%99%E8%A3%9C)：隱身忽出驚人之聲也.\n_Kun’yomi_ : **[物陰]{隱身}｜から｜[急に飛び出して]{忽出}｜[人を驚かせる]{驚人}｜時に発する｜[声]{聲}**\n\nThe _kun'yomi_ above are actually all equally obscure; the only difference is\nthat **あきらか** is a one-word translation, matching the single-word adjective in\nChinese 晧旰, while the others are translated with entire sentences, matching\nthe whole Chinese sentence.\n\nIf Japanese does not have a _de-facto_ tradition of using a single _kanji_ to\nrepresent entire sentences, then such readings wouldn't be used in conjunction\nwith the _kanji_.",
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| 47903 | 47908 | 47908 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47906",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the phrase, 失礼します, 失礼 is an adjective, and yet you are saying \"I am\n**being** rude.\" Not \"I do rude\" as you might have in そういうことします \"I'll do that\n(I think?)\"\n\nSo then, can you **be** any adjective with する?\n\nたとえば\n\n丁寧したい I want to be polite 易しいしていました I was being nice\n\n”なにをしてる？” ”ハンドサムしてるよ” whatcha doin? \"being handsome!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T05:39:59.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Using する as \"to be\"",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "On the contrary, 失礼します directly translates to \"I do rude\" not \"I am being\nrude\". \nDoes it sound awful in English? Of course. But please keep in mind that this\nis Japanese, not English. It is a language on its own and not the direct word\nfor word translation of the English language.\n\nする is a very flexible verb used in many ways, but in all instances it\nmaintains its core meaning of **to do**.\n\nAlso note that 失礼します is an idiomatic expression, so its usage cannot be\ngeneralized to other cases.\n\nHow to combine する with an adjective, it will depend on if it is an -i\nadjective or -na adjective.\n\n> 綺麗{きれい}にする : Make it clean. \n> 強くする : Make it strong.\n\nIn the same way you can use the verb なる.\n\n> 綺麗{きれい}になる : Become clean. \n> 強くなる : Become strong.\n\nYou can also use する with an adjective indirectly as such :\n\n> かわいい顔している : Have a cute face.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-01T06:06:01.353",
"id": "47906",
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{
"body": "@Stack reader's answer is on the spot. I would just like to add an appendage.\n\nAs you have no doubt learned, the 'to be' verb in Japanese is です。Additionally,\nas you have noted, and @stack reader clarified, する is 'to do'. You can,\nhowever, use です with 失礼, but you need to be careful, or you'll end up sounding\nlike a 外人 very quickly.\n\nFor example:\n\n> Is it rude if I ____?\n>\n> 私は＿＿したら、失礼ですか？\n\nA good rule of thumb here is that you use する whenever you are talking about a\nperson, including yourself. If you are talking about a situation or action,\nthere are times when you could use the 'to be' verb, です and be grammatically\ncorrect. The best way to learn the nuances of when to use です or する is to spend\ntime speaking with a Japanese person, and frequently ask them to correct\ngrammatical errors. Pay attention to what they say, as the best language\nteachers are the people you interact with regularly.\n\nIn short, people DO rude. 人間は失礼します。Things (including actions) ARE rude.\n状態や行動は失礼です。Just watch out for the nuances of using です in place of する。\n\nそれでは、失礼します。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-01T13:35:23.627",
"id": "47921",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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| 47905 | 47906 | 47906 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the song 'Nirvana' by Tia. I am currently working on translating this\nsong as an exercise and I noticed that this phrase is different from the verb\nforms I already know.\n\n見上げたんだ\n\nThe meaning is supposed to be 'I looked up' - but wouldn't you just say\n'見上げた'? What does this 'nda' mean? If it's casual speech for です in this case,\nwhy add だ to an already complete sentence?\n\nThanks very much!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T06:49:35.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47909",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-01T08:00:26.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14211",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What verb form is the phrase '見上げたんだ' using?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "Simply put, it's used for emphasis.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T08:00:26.303",
"id": "47911",
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| 47909 | null | 47911 |
{
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"body": "> 子供達の負担になりたくない。\n\nなりたくない meaning is: don't want to be or don't want to become?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T09:12:10.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47913",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-01T12:26:20.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22360",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of this sentence?",
"view_count": 62
} | [
{
"body": "It depends on the context. If you are already **[負担]【futan】** _a burden or a\nload_ of your children, the answer is \"be\". If you are afraid of being a\n_futan_ of your children in the future, the answer is \"become\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-01T09:32:20.890",
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| 47913 | null | 47914 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference in meaning between 練習, 訓練 and 実践?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T10:07:12.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47916",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-01T12:27:40.163",
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"owner_user_id": "22360",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the difference in meaning between 練習, 訓練 and 実践?",
"view_count": 1827
} | [
{
"body": "**練習｛れんしゅう｝** ： 学問｛がくもん｝、技芸｛ぎげい｝、運動｛うんどう｝、スポーツなどを、くり返｛かえ｝して習｛なら｝うこと。 A kind of\npractice to repeat study, an art, physical exercises, athletics or sports, and\nlearn it\n\n**訓練｛くんれん｝** ： 習熟｛しゅうじゅく｝させるため、実際｛じっさい｝にその事｛こと｝をさせて鍛｛きた｝えること。 A kind of\ntraining where a trainer lets you really do something and lets you brush the\nskill of it up, in order to master it\n\n**実践｛じっせん｝** ： 実際｛じっさい｝の情況｛じょうきょう｝のもとでそれを行｛おこな｝うこと。 A kind of real activity to\nperform something under the real situation",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T10:52:27.650",
"id": "47917",
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{
"body": "**実践** is clearly different from the other two. 実践 is _practice_ as opposed to\n_theory_. It's _practice_ as in \"bring it into practice\", \"daily clinical\npractice\", etc. It refers to actually doing something instead of thinking or\nsimulating. 実践的 means _practical_ as opposed to _theoretical_.\n\n**練習** and **訓練** are similar and often interchangeable. But 練習 is closer to\n_practice_ and 訓練 is closer to _training_. 練習 is actually doing some physical\nactivity again and again to be able to perform it better. 訓練 tends to sound\nmore organizational and/or occupational, and it sometimes includes learning\nsomething in a classroom. 訓練 does not necessarily imply you do one thing many\ntimes. If you've just bought your first guitar as a hobbyist, what you will do\nis usually called 練習. What an astronaut will do before going to the space is\nusually called 訓練. 訓練 often has a clear goal (an expert doesn't have to do\n訓練), but 練習 is something you may have to do throughout your career.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-01T12:36:58.230",
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| 47916 | null | 47917 |
{
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"body": "この家は南向きだ。 This house has a southern aspect. 向き can be translated as style or\naspect? thanks for your reply.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T13:56:07.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47922",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "この家は南向きだ。 is correct the translation of this sentence?",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "向き｛むき｝ is a conjugation of the verb 向く｛むく｝, which means to face or turn\ntoward, so your sentence is literally translated to:\n\n> This house faces south.\n\nYou can find the various meanings of 向く\n[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%90%91%E3%81%8F).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-01T14:01:44.980",
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{
"body": "\"This house has a southern aspect\", or \"a southern exposure\", are perfectly\ngood translations for この家は南向きだ, but this English would only be used, I'd say,\nby an estate-agent/realtor or by a writer on architecture - and neither a\nrealtor nor an architectural critic would be likely to use だ in written\nJapanese. In ordinary speech or writing \"faces south\" or maybe \"looks south\"\nwould be most likely. I can't think of any other uses of むき that would be\nrendered as \"style\" or \"aspect\".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-01T16:21:03.900",
"id": "47927",
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| 47922 | null | 47923 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading a manga in which a character mentions the following to another\ncharacter:\n\n> 今月の\"夢プチ\"見たよ\n\nI'm assuming that \"夢プチ\" is a play on something but I can't find anything via\nGoogle. Both characters are children too so I would assume it's a reference to\nsome Japanese kids thing?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T15:42:09.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47924",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-05T18:27:46.430",
"last_edit_date": "2018-08-02T13:09:41.213",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22366",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"definitions"
],
"title": "What does \"夢プチ\" mean?",
"view_count": 843
} | [
{
"body": "夢プチ must be something that is produced only once a month like magazine and\nsince you just read it from manga, it might be that the author just made it up\nand it doesn't exist in real world that's why theres no result from internet\nand nobody is talking about it but us. youve been reading that manga so you\nshould have known something more than anyone here. and i think it wouldn't\nhurt if you mentioned the manga title.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-09-09T10:53:20.057",
"id": "61406",
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| 47924 | null | 61406 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47997",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I saw [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/47894/7944) to a\nrecent question which contained the sentence:\n\n> 私は **猫二匹が** います\n\nIs it okay to put the particle が after the counter. It seems strange to me. I\nwould have expected:\n\n> 私(に)は **猫が二匹** います\n\nThe answer to [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32539/use-of-number-\ncounter-as-a-noun) tells me that number+counter can be treated as a noun, so\nputting が at the end should be fine. But somehow I feel that the two\nsituations are different.\n\nIn summary, is 私は **猫二匹が** います correct and why/when would I choose it instead\nof 私は **猫が二匹** います?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T15:50:51.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47925",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T14:59:49.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"counters"
],
"title": "Can a particle attach to a counter?",
"view_count": 637
} | [
{
"body": "The form of a noun compound with a counter itself is grammatically correct, as\nyou already read it.\n\nAs for when to use, I imagine situations where you treat several units each of\nwhich is comprised of single or multiple things as in military operation or\nsomething.\n\nFor example, if you ask for taking any two plates, you would say 皿を二枚取ってくれ,\nand refer to them as 皿二枚は when you tell how to arrange them.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T14:59:49.417",
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| 47925 | 47997 | 47997 |
{
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"body": "I've read that ったって can mean 'even if' but I'm not sure how the grammar fits\nin the following:\n\n> 良く解ったって話だ。\n\nIs it saying \"I'm talking about, even If you understand well\"\n\nAlso is there a difference between ったって and たって?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T15:55:11.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47926",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-01T15:55:11.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22367",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "The purpose of ったって here?",
"view_count": 240
} | []
| 47926 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a quotation from a fairy tale. A young man was turned into a samurai:\n\n> 信じがたきことなれど、拙者サムライでござる。 **かたじけのう** ござる。\n\nI read the first part as 'Although it is hard to believe, I am a samurai'.\n\nWhat is the grammatical structure used in the second part? Is the word used 忝い\n(かたじけな) ?\n\nIs this written in classical Japanese? (It is the き ending of がたい and the use\nof でござる that made me think that)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T18:15:01.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47928",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-01T20:28:53.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19511",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "What is かたじけのう?",
"view_count": 382
} | [
{
"body": "This is written in archaic or Classical Japanese style.\n\n信じがたき = 信じがたい \"hard to believe\". In bungo, い adjectives used attributively\n(before the noun) ended in き, but ended in し when used predicatively (after\nthe noun). Eg: 高き山 \"a high mountain\" vs 山は高し \"the mountain is high\" In MSJ, it\nwould be 高い in both cases, of course.\n\nなれど is the izenkei of the verb なる , \"be\", plus suffix ど, meaning \"although\",\nso this means \"although it is\"\n\nSo your translation is correct.\n\nThe second sentence exemplifies a rule that you are in fact familiar with in\nphrases like ありがとうございます、おはようございます and おめでとうございます : い adjectives have a special\nform that precedes ござる . This form is made by changing the endings -ai and -oi\nto long o and the endings -ii and -ui to long u. Thus: あぶない > あぶのうございます、 ひろい >\nひろうございます、あたらしい > あたらしゅうございます、わるい > わるうございます and so on.\n\nかたじけない is an い adjective meaning \"grateful\".\n\nSo the second sentence means \"I am grateful [for that]\"\n\nExamples of this form, apart from a few set expressions such as those cited,\nare not commonly heard nowadays. A couple that I have come across are\nすくのうございます \"There are not many\", from a very aristocratic lady who spoke\nextremely elegant Japanese, and あぶのうございます \"It is dangerous [so don't let your\nchildren play on the escalators]\" in an announcement over the public address\nsystem in a supermarket.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T19:12:26.827",
"id": "47929",
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| 47928 | null | 47929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "首都 ｛しゅと｝ and 都 ｛みやこ｝ what's the difference? thanks for your reply.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T19:40:42.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47930",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T08:19:11.387",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-01T21:15:23.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22360",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "首都 (しゅと) and 都 (みやこ)",
"view_count": 1240
} | [
{
"body": "The first one, 首都, is a capital city while the second one, 都, could be simply\na large metropolitan area.\n\nAlso, according to [this](https://hinative.com/ja/questions/240369) source:\n\n> [...] 都 is an old expression of 首都. Nowadays people don't use 都 except in\n> fixed sentences like 住めば都（Wherever can be a gorgeous city if you start\n> living there.）[...]\n\nTo add some more, these are the definitions from a dictionary:\n\n> **[首都](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/105985/meaning/m0u/)** :\n> その国の中央政府のある都市。首府。\n>\n> **[都](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154687/meaning/m0u/)** :\n> 人の集まる大きな町。「都会・都市」\n\n(I only included the first definition for 都 which is the relevant one in this\ncase).",
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"body": "首都 is what people usually use for _capital_ in modern Japanese. But it usually\nonly refers to the capital city of a _country_. You can say \"Tokyo is the 首都\nof Japan,\" but saying \"Honolulu is the 首都 of Hawaii\" is not accurate.\n県庁所在地【けんちょうしょざいち】 is used to refer to the capital city of a Japanese\nprefecture. 州都【しゅうと】 is the word to refer to the capital city of a state of\nAmerica.\n\n都【みやこ】 also means _capital_ , but it's a dated word and is not usually used\ntoday in things like official documents. We still commonly see it in fictional\nworks (typically fantasy) and catchphrases (e.g., 水【みず】の都【みやこ】ベネチア, \"Venice,\nThe City of Water\").\n\nWhen 都 is read as と, it usually refers to 東京都 (Tokyo Prefecture, Japan).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T02:09:00.010",
"id": "47934",
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"body": "The difference between **都{みやこ}** and **首都{しゅと}** , and the definition of them\nare clearly written [here](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD). According\nto this article, the summary of them are like:\n\n> **都{みやこ}**\n> は、「宮処（みやどころ、みやこ）」から転じた言語で、天皇の宮殿（皇居）が所在するところを指す言葉である。現在では政治や行政の中枢機関が置かれた都市に使用されることもある。\n>\n> * **[都]【miyako】** is a word changed from **[宮 処]【miyadokoro】** which means\n> the place where a palace of the Emperor (the Imperial Palace) is located. It\n> also may be used now to the city where the central organization of politics\n> or an administration is placed.\n>\n\n>\n> **首都{しゅと}** , は、国家レベルの中枢都市を「首都」と言う。\n>\n> * **[首都]【shuto】** expresses the city where the central organization of\n> politics or an administration of the country is placed.\n>\n\n首都 is a combined words of 首 + 都, and 首 means literally a _neck_ but in this\ncase it means a _head_ which implies _the top_ , so 首都 means _the most\nprimary_ 都.",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T14:06:34.500",
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| 47930 | null | 47934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47933",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Reading this [answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2781/22352) that\nsaid that ことにする is an idiom, and I began to wonder what the origins of this\nidiom were. I believe that since the two grammar structures are related, ことになる\nwould also be an idiom if that is the case.\n\nAdditionally, it crossed my mind that ことにする and ことに決める have similar usages and\nmeanings, but I haven't heard a conjugation of 決める that would have a similar\nmeaning to ことになる。 If I had to guess, you might have to either use the\nintransitive form, 決まる、or you might want to say that someone decided that\n(verb).\n\nSo how would I rephrase this sentence using 決める or its intransitive\ncounterpart?\n\n> 私は転勤｛てんきん｝することになりました。\n\nWould it be this?\n\n> 私は転勤することが決まりました。\n\nSo to sum up my questions shortly:\n\n1) What are the origins for the idioms ことにする and ことになる？\n\n2) Can I replace the ことになる grammar with the 決める verb or its intransitive\ncounterpart?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-01T23:56:44.647",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"etymology"
],
"title": "ことにする/なる and ことに決める",
"view_count": 819
} | [
{
"body": "This might be very incorrect, but I thought I'd try and answer from my limited\nknowledge and my form of understanding how this works:\n\n1) Not sure about the origins of the idiom, but you might gain an\nunderstanding from looking into the direct meaning of each phrasing: \n- ～ことにする >> \"in the direction of doing (the thing)\" \n- ～ことになる >> \"in the direction of becoming (the thing)\"\n\nExpanding on this idea:\n\n私は今日どこかに出ることにする。 \nI have decided to go out somewhere today.\n\nIn another way of phrasing it, \"I am in the direction of doing the going out\nto somewhere today.\" This sounds nonsensical, but if you frame it in the idea\nthat you are \"in the direction of\", or \"leaning towards\", rather, doing that\nthing, then it makes more sense, right?\n\nLikewise for ～ことになる:\n\n牛乳を長い間に飲まないと、腐ったことになる。 \nIf you don't drink the milk for a long time, it will become spoiled.\n\nOr, \"If you don't drink the milk for a long time, it is in the direction of\nbecoming something that's spoiled.\"\n\n2) I don't think that using ～ことに決める to replace ～ことになる can be used as directly\nas I think your question is asking. ～ことにする implies that something is leaning\ntowards a specific course of action, which could also be expressed by a\ndecision, which is the direct meaning of the word 決める \"to decide\". However,\nleaning towards a change of state can't be expressed by 決める, there a different\nverb applies, such as 変わる.\n\nTl;dr -- the clue for understanding what's going on here grammatically\nspeaking is in the particle に and its usage. The rest should be taken with a\nmore literal interpretation.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T00:34:40.287",
"id": "47933",
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| 47931 | 47933 | 47933 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading a piece of fiction, and I come across this line:\n\n> 確かに面白くはねえだろうが、気付いた時点でリサさんに抗議すりゃいいだけの話だろうが\n\nI'm having troubles understanding what the speaker is saying on two parts -\n\n1) does 時点で refer to the present? So it would always be translated as \"this\nmoment in time\" rather than \"that moment\" or \"a moment in time\". the fact that\nthere is a verb in its past tense before it (気付いた) is confusing me, I'm\nquestioning what moment in time the speaker is referring to, is it now? The\npast?\n\n2) what does すりゃ mean? Could it be the same as それは?\n\nMy best guess at a translations is -\n\n> It's certainly not interesting but I realized at this moment, that you\n> protested against Risa San, that's all it is.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T02:19:16.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47935",
"last_activity_date": "2018-05-10T15:38:04.433",
"last_edit_date": "2018-05-10T15:38:04.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22371",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "The meaning of 時点で and すりゃ in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1155
} | [
{
"body": "1) 時点 literally means \"time point,\" and here it's modified by a relative\nclause 気付いた. 気付いた時点で roughly means the same thing as 気付いたときに, \"the time\n(point) when you noticed it\", but the former sounds more emphatic\n(\"immediately\", \"once\", ...). If this sentence refers to something in the\nfuture, that means this 気付いた is not the past tense but the perfect aspect.\n(cf. 起きたら電話してください。 Call me once you've gotten up.)\n\n2) すりゃ is colloquialism for すれば. (`-eba` to `-ya` contraction, see: [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/12525/5010)) It sounds a bit\nrough and masculine.\n\n> 気付いた時点でリサさんに抗議すりゃいいだけの話だろうが。 \n> It's merely the matter of protesting against Risa once you've noticed it,\n> huh? \n> You just have to protest against Risa once you've noticed it.\n\nBy the way, that 面白くない is _unpleasant_ rather than _uninteresting_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T02:27:13.933",
"id": "47936",
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| 47935 | null | 47936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47945",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Am I right in reading 「...のおまえ」 as \"In the presence of ...\"？\n\nWould I be right in reading 「青い月のおまえに」 as \"In the presence of a blue moon\"?\n\nAnd similarly, would 「彼女のおまえにいる」 be \"To be before her\"?\n\nIf the two above are so, are there any nuances that come with this おまえ?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T02:57:05.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47937",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Am I right in reading 「...のおまえ」 as \"In the presence of ...\"?",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "As rare archaism, おまえ (or おんまえ, みまえ, ごぜん) can be an honorific expression\nmeaning \"(in) front of (some very high person)\". おまえ was also used as a\nrespectful second-person pronoun in archaic Japanese (1000 years ago or so).\n\n> ###\n> [おまえ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/32984/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%88/)\n>\n> ［名］《「おおまえ（大前）」の音変化で、神仏・貴人の前を敬っていう。転じて、間接的に人物を表し、貴人の敬称となる》 \n> １ 神仏・貴人のおん前。おそば近く。みまえ。ごぜん。「主君のお前へ進み出る」 \n> ２ 貴人を間接にさして敬意を表す言い方。「…のおまえ」の形でも用いる。\n\nOr see [御前 in a 古語辞典](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E5%BE%A1%E5%89%8D).\n\nSo, for example, if 青い月 is the name of a divine princess, 青い月のおまえに跪く could\nmean something like \"kneel in front of _(Princess) Blue Moon_ \". You may\npossibly encounter a sentence like this in hardcore fantasy works (like _Dark\nSouls_ ). Another example:\n\n> 口を慎め、魔王様の御前なるぞ。 \n> Be careful in speech, you are in front of Evil Lord ( _or_ Evil Lord is\n> present.)\n\nThat said, even as archaism I think this 御前 is usually read as おんまえ, ごぜん or\nみまえ, because, as you probably know, おまえ does not sound respectful at all in\nmodern Japanese.\n\nIn modern standard Japanese 青い月のおまえに makes almost no sense. This is unless 青い月\nis the name of a group and you want to say \"to you as a member of _The Blue\nMoon (Society)_ \".",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T07:13:14.783",
"id": "47945",
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| 47937 | 47945 | 47945 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "That is, why does adding the 「も」 particle to question words give it a\nuniversal, for lack of a better term, word. It's not even always required to\nbe there, as in sentences like\n\n> お好み焼きが何よりいい \n> _Okonomiyaki is better than anything_\n\nwhich is just as correct as using 「よりも」 as far as I'm aware.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T04:25:53.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47938",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-02T06:47:09.253",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-02T05:11:56.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "22374",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-も",
"polarity-items"
],
"title": "Why does 何も mean \"anything\"?",
"view_count": 666
} | [
{
"body": "I believe this is related to one of the meanings of も.\n\n> も - _prt._ A marker which indicates emphasis.\n\nIt's used in sentences like:\n\n> 私は漢字を一つも知らない。\n>\n> I don't even know 1 kanji.\n\nThis can be used the same way with 何:\n\n> 何も知らない、ジョン・スノウ。\n>\n> (lit.) You don't even know [one] thing, Jon Snow.\n>\n> You don't know anything, Jon Snow.\n\nIn this sense it doesn't quite make it a universal word. It just happens that\n\"even one thing\" coincides with the more natural translation \"anything\".\n\n* * *\n\nTo address the use of よりも, the も is the same emphasis marker. When combined\nwith より it emphasizes the speaker's opinion that there really is nothing\nbetter than Okonomiyaki.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T06:42:02.163",
"id": "47944",
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| 47938 | null | 47944 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47943",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to learn how to specify a type of file in Japanese. In an English\ncontext the common vernacular would be \"...a print file\". Is there a\nstandardized way to say this in Japanese that would sound natural in a\ndesign/printing industry context?\n\n\"....のファイル\"\n\nI am worried that \"プリント\" isn't the right word. I also don't want the verb:\n:刷る\" or the noun: \"写り\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T04:33:14.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47939",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-02T08:30:57.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22269",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "How to specify that a digital file is for the purpose of printing.",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know about the printing industry, but I would probably use something\nsimple like 印刷用.\n\n印刷 is the real Japanese word for printing. \n用 is a useful little kanji that basically means \"for the purpose of\".\n\nYou can say 印刷用紙 to mean printing paper, or perhaps in your case 印刷用ファイル.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T05:10:14.293",
"id": "47943",
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},
{
"body": "\" **印刷用** ファイル\" is formal and perfect, \" **印刷** ファイル\" is also used, and both\nare technical terms. \n\" **印刷用の** ファイル\" makes sense but it is not a technical term and is used to\nexplain the purpose of the file/files.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T08:30:57.900",
"id": "47947",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-02T08:30:57.900",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
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| 47939 | 47943 | 47943 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47946",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In A Dictionary to Basic Japanese Grammar, it says under the conditional ば\nthat this is the origin of the topic particle は but I haven't been able to\nfind where this claim comes from. Does anyone know how the conditional came to\nbe the topic particle?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T04:55:30.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47940",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-02T07:36:16.960",
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"owner_user_id": "21804",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"particle-は",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "Where does the particle は come from?",
"view_count": 170
} | [
{
"body": "It's not that one is the origin of the other. Adverbial particle は,\nconjunction ば and sentence ender わ (as in 出るわ出るわ) share the same origin.\n\nThe reason why adverbial particle は came to denote the topic is probably\nbecause one needed something to tell boundary when it had been originally\nunmarked.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T07:36:16.960",
"id": "47946",
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| 47940 | 47946 | 47946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47942",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "First post here because I've got a very specific question. To give some\nbackground: I'm currently learning Japanese and I learn mostly through cross\nreferencing jisho.org, Tae Kim's grammar guide and Google Translate (GT\nherein). I was doing some studying and realized again that I'm a \"top-down\"\nlearner. I also teach English in Japan and this made me think of one of my\nstudents. So I tried to think of how to say \"I learn from the top down.\" I\ncame up with what I thought it would be, and checked with GT by translating \"I\nlearn downwards from the top.\" My sentence matched GT:\n\n僕は上から下に学ぶ。\n\nWhen I reverse translated, it gave me \"I learn from the top down.\" - as\ndesired. Fine and dandy, but I wanted to say it politely, so I changed the ぶ\nat the end to びます and retranslated 「僕は上から下に学びます。」To my surprise, GT spit out:\n\n\"I _will_ learn from the top down.\" (Without the asterisks of course)\n\nNow, from my understanding there's no discrimination between future and\npresent tense in Japanese (provided a lack of context), so the polite and\nplain forms shouldn't translate any differently. Is there a specific reason\nwhy GT would do this? Or is this just the intensity of translation presenting\nitself as a flaw within Google's algorithms?\n\nThanks for the long read, Erik",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T04:56:03.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47941",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-02T05:13:58.350",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22375",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations",
"tense"
],
"title": "Why does Google discriminate between plain form and masu form in regards to tense?",
"view_count": 305
} | [
{
"body": "Whether `学ぶ` or `学びます` translate as `learn` or `will learn` is dependent\nentirely on context. Google Translate does not know the context of your\nsentence so they can only make a guess based off known translations of similar\nsentences.\n\nGoogle uses machine learning and a J-E corpus (collection of matching Japanese\nand English sentences) to power their translation. The neural network that\nthey use to translate the sentences is built from this corpus.\n\nThis is an oversimplification, but it's possible that there is a similar\nsentence to yours in the corpus which has a corresponding English sentence in\nthe future tense. Thus, the resulting neural network will translate yours to\nthe future tense in English because it considers it to have a higher chance of\nbeing correct.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T05:02:24.790",
"id": "47942",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-02T05:13:58.350",
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"owner_user_id": "4892",
"parent_id": "47941",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 47941 | 47942 | 47942 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47949",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I heard one of these in Anime. It was translated as \"I didn't eat your soul\".\n\n> お前の魂は食べておらん \n> お前の魂は食べてはおらん\n\nI've read online that ておらん is an overproud version of 食べていない. \nI'd like to know how should Oru/Oran be attached to U-ending verbs and what's\nthe past form of ておらん. I read the past form of ておる is ておった.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T09:45:34.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47948",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-24T14:55:18.097",
"last_edit_date": "2017-09-24T07:16:47.773",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"suffixes"
],
"title": "How to use ておらん in lines like 食べておらん?",
"view_count": 1311
} | [
{
"body": "> * お前の魂は食べておらん お前の魂は食べてはおらん\n> * ておらん is an overproud version of 食べていない\n> * what's the past form of ておらん?\n>\n\nAs you know, 食べておらん is the negating form of 食べておる. Apart from the overproud\nnuance, 食べておる could be interpreted in two ways as:\n\n> 1. I'm eating it. - present continuous tense; present progressive form\n> 2. I've experienced eating it. - present perfect tense\n>\n\nIn this sense, 食べておる depicts the fact at present and also depicts the fact\nhappened in the past.\n\nSo, ておらん is the past form of ておらん.\n\nLuckily, you have an expression to avoid the confusion of the tense by adding\n**かった** as 食べておらん **かった** in only the negating form. \nWith this かった, both interpretations of 食べておらん could become denoting the past\nfact.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T11:03:27.447",
"id": "47949",
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{
"body": "> ... in Anime. ... I've read online that ておらん is an overproud version of\n> 食べていない.\n\nAs you say you heard it in anime, I suppose the おらん was used as 老人語 (old\npeople's speech), which is a kind of 役割語 (role language).\n\nThe ん originally is an old negative auxiliary ぬ. It's attached to おら, which is\nthe 未然形 (imperfective form) of the subsidiary verb おる.\n\n> It was translated as \"I didn't eat your soul\".\n\nYes... ～ておらん, or ～ていない in standard Japanese, can mean \"didn't do~~\" or\n\"haven't done~~ (yet)\", as well as \"is not doing~~ (now)\". See [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/42343/9831) for detail.\n\n> I'd like to know how should Oru/Oran be attached to U-ending verbs\n\nYou can just attach おる/おらん to the te-form of verbs, eg:\n\nする -- しておる・しておらん \nくる -- きておる・きておらん \nいく -- いっておる・いっておらん \nおちる -- おちておる・おちておらん \nおしえる -- おしえておる・おしえておらん\n\n> and what's the past form of ておらん. I read the past form of ておる is ておった.\n\nThe past tense form of ～ておらん would be ～ておらんかった. (But here in your example it's\nalready past tense, so it wouldn't have to be お前の魂は食べて(は)おらんかった.)\n\n* * *\n\nAs a side note: The は in 食べて **は** おらん is the contrastive particle は. \n食べておらん and 食べて **は** おらん are both correct, and mean almost the same thing. The\nlatter might sound a bit more emphatic, or might imply that they didn't eat it\nbut did something similar.",
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"creation_date": "2017-09-24T08:03:44.930",
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| 47948 | 47949 | 53457 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "everyone,\n\nI have recently discovered a weird monologue, related to the name of Japanese\nfilm さびしんぼう (Lonely Hearts), that suggests there is a hidden pun within it.\nThat's what it said, I quote it below:\n\n> 薬師丸に借りた「さびしんぼ 」って映画の中にさ、「 さ 」という字が「 び 」という字を 「 しんぼう 、しんぼう 」て 言いながらおんぶ して「 さび\n> しんぼう ってセリフあったじゃん? おれなんかグッときちやってさー\n\nIt is clear to me what the title actually means (寂しん坊), but what is the pun of\nthis decomposition? I see how 辛抱 has sense while one says it to his carrier,\nbut not sure that's what was meant here. Does び mean 美? Or what would さ even\nmean exactly?..",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T11:59:50.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47950",
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"owner_user_id": "22379",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "A hidden pun in さびしんぼう?",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "> 「 さ 」という字が「 び 」という字を 「 しんぼう 、しんぼう 」て 言いながらおんぶ して「 さび しんぼう 」\n\n寂{さび}しん坊{ぼう} and 辛抱{しんぼう} is exactly what you depict. But, I'm sorry to say\nthat 「 さ 」and 「 び 」 mean nothing but only have the sound of **_sa_** and\n**_be_** without any witticism being contrary to your expectations.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T12:32:47.263",
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| 47950 | null | 47952 |
{
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"body": "I want to translate びようすいみん for a manga but the problem is that I dont want to\nuse google translate or any other similar tools. I know how to pronounce it\n(biyousuimin) but I dont know how to seperate the words. Any help?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T12:27:12.653",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How to know if there is a space between words?",
"view_count": 342
} | [
{
"body": "> びようすいみん\n\nIt must be 「びよう」「すいみん」, which is written 美容{びよう} 睡眠{すいみん} . \n美容{びよう} means _beauty_ and 睡眠{すいみん} means _a sleep_. \nThen the びようすいみん means _a sleep good for your beauty_ or _the way of a sleep\ngood for your beauty_.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T12:40:41.717",
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| 47951 | null | 47953 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47957",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm currently translating this video ->\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMj_aFUjTwk>\n\nIn the play, this actor is playing a boy, who has Chuunibyou.\n\nAt 0:15 he said\n\n> しっかり、え、中二病をこじらせて **振り切って** 演じたいと思います。\n\nAccording to\n[Jishou](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%8C%AF%E3%82%8A%E5%88%87%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6),\n\n> 振り切る = to shake off/ to swing completely\n\nso I was wondering what does it mean here?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T14:27:06.580",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 振り切って in this context?",
"view_count": 305
} | [
{
"body": "He is referring to feelings of embarrassment (or any other negative feelings)\nthat may be caused in the future when going through acting (performing) the\nrole. He saids that he will suck it up and get it done.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T15:39:30.110",
"id": "47956",
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"body": "振り切った演技 is used to describe an actor has completely gotten into a character\nand played the role convincingly. 迫真の演技 is similar, but 振り切った演技 tends to be\nused for a difficult and eccentric character. Playing a 中二病 boy typically\nrequires 振り切った演技 because, you know, it's a bit embarrassing and eccentric\nrole.\n\nThis 振り切る can be understood either as \"to shake off your ordinary way of\nthinking and become unbound by anxiety and embarrassment\" or \"to fully put\nyour effort into the character\". 振る can mean to put/direct/assign (energy,\nworkload, role, number, etc) to something/someone. 切る adds the meaning of\n\"completely\". (gamer's example: パラメータをSTRに振り切る \"to assign all parameters to\nstrength\")",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T16:37:06.883",
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| 47955 | 47957 | 47957 |
{
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"body": "So in trying to make my own notes for things, I wanted to make use of the word\n\"classifications\". Not the act of classification, but rather the plural of the\nidea of \"a classification\", as in, \"Animals are a classification of living\nthings\". As I see it, it's similar to using the word class, group or category,\nbut I find it carries less of an objective connotation. Kind of like saying\n数学的 instead of 数理的. Both mean \"mathematical\", but the former is mathematical\nwithin the scope of _our_ study of math, whereas the latter seems to encompass\nthings beyond the scope of our study (ex. 数理的思考、the idea of mathematical\nthinking, see\n<https://www.kitasato-u.ac.jp/sci/resea/buturi/hisenkei/sogo/suuri.pdf>).\n\nSo back to the point, the main words I've been able to find that relate to\nclassification are 分類、類別 and 部類. The former two seem to imply the act of\nclassification as far as I can see, and I don't know if they can be used the\nway I'm looking to use classification. As for 部類, it looks at first glance\nthat it's similar to class/group/category, with the more objective\nconnotation. Maybe the lines are blurred in translation, but is there any word\nmore specific to what I'm looking for? Can't find one myself.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T20:34:13.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47958",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"connotation"
],
"title": "Regarding classification: 分類、類別、部類、etc",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "The safest choice is 分類, which is a noun that also works as a suru-verb.\n\n> * 哺乳類の分類 classifications of mammalians\n> * 哺乳類を分類する to classify mammalians\n>\n\n類別 seems to have [a pure mathematical\ndefinition](http://hooktail.sub.jp/algebra/Klassierung/), but it's relatively\nuncommon. According to a dictionary, 類別 refers to categorizing thing according\nto an existing classification criterion. It works as a suru-verb.\n\n部類 does not work as a suru-verb, and it doesn't sound technical in modern\nJapanese. Rather than classifying something in a strict manner, people\ntypically use this word like so:\n\n> * 1万円なら安い部類に入る。\n> * そのホテルは高級な部類だろう。\n> * まあまあ美人の部類に属する人\n>\n\nSo English equivalent is perhaps something like \"You can call it ～\".\n\nThere is also [分別](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40829/5010).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T09:33:54.240",
"id": "47984",
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| 47958 | null | 47984 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47985",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My Samsung tablet has a setting item ソフトウェアの更新予約. Switching language to\nEnglish has it \"Scheduled software updates\". I searched for 更新予約 on internet\nand did not find many hits for this term. Has Samsung got it right by labeling\n\"Scheduled software updates\" as ソフトウェアの更新予約?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-02T21:24:56.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47959",
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"owner_user_id": "10476",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "Is 更新予約 a valid term for a \"Scheduled Update\"?",
"view_count": 56
} | [
{
"body": "予約 is usually for a one-time event (e.g., レストランの予約). If this \"scheduled\nupdate\" refers to a one-time event (like upgrading from Windows 7 to 10),\n更新(の)予約 is totally fine.\n\nIf this \"scheduled update\" refers to periodic events (like weekly software\npatches scheduled at midnight), 予約 sounds a bit off to me. ソフトウェアの更新スケジュール or\nソフトウェアの定期的(な)更新 would be better as a menu item.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T09:38:11.637",
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| 47959 | 47985 | 47985 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47979",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Whenever I read a long multi-line article written in Japanese, the hard part\nfor me is that a lot of the long sentence like clauses suddenly end as a noun-\nphrase, making it a relative clause.\n\nThis really confuses me, you know, throws me all out of wack. So I'm\nwondering, while I'm sure parsing it comes naturally to Japanese people, I'm\njust wondering if they can spot a relative clause in advance, before actually\nreaching its punctuating noun-phrase?\n\nYou know, are there things that make a clause look like a relative clause in a\nway that doesn't make it one, but hints that it is by its presence?\n\nSo, can they? And if so, by what trends and patterns?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T23:19:50.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47962",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Can native speakers spot if a clause is relative or not ahead of time?",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "If a [subject is marked with\nの](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010), it may work as an\nindicator of a relative clause. Other than this, probably there is no way to\nknow whether it's a relative clause or a main clause. Of course native\nJapanese speakers don't think about this, at least consciously.\n\nA good(?) news is that Japanese is a very consistent language in this regard.\nModifiers almost always come before the modified word. See: [Head\n(linguistics)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_\\(linguistics\\)). But\nprobably you need a lot of reading practice until you'll get comfortable with\nthis. (English relative clauses may be one of the most difficult grammar for\nJapanese students who learn English as the second language...)",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T07:29:55.840",
"id": "47979",
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| 47962 | 47979 | 47979 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47972",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[韓服](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%9C%8D) literally translates as\n[hanbok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok) (which in turn literally\ntranslates as Korean clothing), and\n[チマチョゴリ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA)\nliterally translates as [chima\njeogori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chima_jeogori), which in turn literally\ntranslates as a chima skirt plus a jeogori top, but when do Japanese-speakers\nuse 韓服, and when do they use チマチョゴリ?\n\nA native speaker of Japanese said that チマチョゴリ is more commonly used than 韓服.\nIs that true? I suspect that in English, hanbok is more commonly used than\nchima jeogori, based on personal experience plus google hits.\n\nIn Japanese, would you say \"She wore a hanbok\" using 韓服, or チマチョゴリ? If the\nlatter, would a man wearing a hanbok be described as wearing a パジチョゴリ (baji\njeogori)?\n\nI'm mainly concerned with what's used in normal conversation, rather than\ntechnical correctness.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-02T23:40:31.030",
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"id": "47963",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Usage of 韓服 and チマチョゴリ",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "Perhaps I have never seen 韓服, although its meaning is instantly understandable\nif presented in kanji.\n\nチマチョゴリ is a specific term that refers to a certain Korean outfit for women,\nnot Korean clothes in general. I believe most native Japanese speakers are\nfamiliar with this word. I learnt this word at middle school, and it can be\nthe only word an ordinary Japanese people knows about Korean dresses.\n\nI didn't know what English _hanbok_ refers to, either, but if you want to talk\nabout traditional Korean clothing in general including that for males, how\nabout 韓国の(民族)衣装?",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 47963 | 47972 | 47972 |
{
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"body": "Speaker is in a conversation about the courtyard in his new school that he\njust transferred to (from tokyo).\n\n> 学校の敷地が狭い都会では中庭のないところもあるくらいだったので、感動もひとしおだ。\n\nBecause, in the (old) school site, as tokyo is very cramped, there was no\ncourtyard (くらい?) , I'm especially excited (about this school's courtyard).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T00:10:43.343",
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"id": "47964",
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"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "use of くらい in this sentence",
"view_count": 99
} | [
{
"body": "I'd say the sense of くらい is \"to the point where\", \"so much so that\", \"to the\nextent that\".\n\n学校の敷地が狭い, \"school grounds are small\", modifies 都会, \"[big] city\", giving \"In\nbig cities, where school grounds are small\".\n\n中庭のないところもある means \"there are some places that have no courtyard\"\n\nPut them together and add くらい and you get \"In big cities, where school grounds\nare small, to the point where some places have no courtyards\"\n\nAdd だったので、感動もひとしおだ and you get \"Since it was the case that in big cities,\nwhere school grounds are small, to the extent that there are some places that\nhave no courtyard [at all], I was delighted\"\n\nMore idiomatically: \"In big cities school grounds are so cramped that some\nschools have no courtyard at all, so I was delighted\".",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T07:14:42.060",
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| 47964 | 47978 | 47978 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47971",
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"body": "こんにちは！\n\nRecently, I've been practicing for the JLPT N5 using the website's sample\nquestions. However, in sample question 5, where it asks to give the correct\nparticle out of a choice of four particles, it reads that の is the correct\nparticle to use in this sentence:\n\n> 弟{おとうと}は部屋{へや} [particle] 掃除{そうじ}しました。\n\nIs this usage of the particle correct, and how so? Wouldn't を better fit the\nsentence?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T00:38:18.440",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"jlpt",
"furigana"
],
"title": "Use of の (particle) in this sentence:",
"view_count": 224
} | [
{
"body": "The correct sentence in standard Japanese is:\n\n> 弟は部屋 **を** 掃除しました。 He cleaned his room.\n\nThis is because 掃除する is a _verb_ , and a _verb_ must be modified by an\nadverbial phrase. Since 掃除する is a transitive verb, its object should be marked\nwith を.\n\nThe following sentence is also correct:\n\n> 弟は部屋 **の** 掃除 **を** しました。 He did the cleaning of his room.\n\nIn this case, しました is the verb that just means \"to do\", and 掃除 is a simple\nnoun, and 部屋の is an adjectival phrase that modifies 掃除. 部屋の掃除 as a whole\nserves as the object of the verb する.\n\nThe following sentence is acceptable only in casual conversations:\n\n> [?] 弟は部屋 **の** 掃除しました。\n\n掃除しました is a verb, but apparently it's modified by 部屋の, which is an adjectival\nmodifier. This is clearly wrong in written formal Japanese. It is heard in\nhasty conversation where を can be omitted. Just as you can say 本読む instead of\n本を読む in conversations, you can say 部屋の掃除する as the short version of the second\nexample above.\n\nAnyway, since this is an N5 question, I think you should choose を following\nthe basic formal rule.\n\nSee: [Difference Between べんきょう する and べんきょうを\nする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4006/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T04:15:52.030",
"id": "47971",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T04:15:52.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "47965",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 47965 | 47971 | 47971 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47982",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "a sentence goes as follows: 全体をまとめてとらえるのでなく、‘「‘a1->b1, a2->\nb2]のように対応する関係にあることを示す。 (an explanation of a type of expression from a text\nbook.\n\nWould I be right in thinking by appending まとめる with とらえる , it changes from\nmeaning 'summarise/ put all together', to something like 一概にいう?\n\nA kind of guess but not too sure about the nuance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T02:16:12.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47968",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "difference between まとめる and まとめてとらえる",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "If you forcibly find difference, in comparison, まとめる feels like you gather\nscattered things with your hands while まとめて捉える does that you just catch them\nin your view without actually touching.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T09:03:19.907",
"id": "47982",
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}
]
| 47968 | 47982 | 47982 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47986",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "食べてみる means to eat and see, aka try eating, but can you do this:\n\n食べないでみる meaning \"I'm gonna try not eating\"\n\n例えば\n\n今日お風呂を入らないで見たい。臭くなりますか？",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T02:48:21.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47969",
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"owner_user_id": "22318",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"negation"
],
"title": "using みる with the negative で form of a verb",
"view_count": 425
} | [
{
"body": "> 食べてみる means to eat and see\n\nIn my experience, it used in the context of trying something to see if you\nlike it. Someone might pass you something and say 食べてみて...\n\nThe negative form you mentioned, 食べないでみる, is strange in this context. Like\nsaying \"Don't try this and tell me what you think\". However, in the context of\nsome other purpose is OK as in \"I think I'll not eat today to see if helps my\nstomachache\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T06:19:04.000",
"id": "47976",
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},
{
"body": "今日お風呂に入らないでみたい is a valid sentence. Don't use kanji for 見たい since it's a\nsubsidiary verb here. And it's お風呂 **に** 入る, not お風呂を入る.\n\nHere are the three examples found on BCCWJ:\n\n * 4日ほどこちらからメールをしないでみてください。\n * 今回は（チェックを）入れないでみますね！\n * 今！ 絶対に！ 寝ないでみてください！\n\nBut the number of the examples was smaller than I expected, which may mean\nthis construction is relatively uncommon.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T09:50:46.610",
"id": "47986",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 47969 | 47986 | 47986 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47987",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example, I want to emphasize the word しらない by saying shiiiiiranai, しいいいらない\nseems a little bit weird to me. How do you write this in japanese character,\ncan we also write this in the form of kanji?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T03:53:13.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47970",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-06T05:31:11.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22384",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"slang",
"orthography",
"spelling",
"long-vowels"
],
"title": "How to write long sound to emphasize words?",
"view_count": 1265
} | [
{
"body": "> 全然知らない。I don't know at all.\n\nしーらない、知らないもんね is like female or child. It means \"so I am concerned about\nthat.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T06:09:29.987",
"id": "47975",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T06:09:29.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13619",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Yes, writing it as しいいいらない is okay, but is relatively uncommon. More common\nways to write this are:\n\n * しーらない！\n * しーーーらない！\n * し～らない！\n * し～～～らない！\n * しいぃぃらない！ (with small ぃ)\n\nNeedless to say, don't use these in business settings or in formal letters.\n\nSee Also: [ー vs small kana vs long kana for writing long\nvowels](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15062/5010)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T09:58:49.503",
"id": "47987",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 47970 | 47987 | 47987 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know that it means that the person don't really care, but the sample\nsentence I keep seeing with it, 私の忠告にどこ吹く風という顔だ, doesn't really make clear how\nit's meant to be used. Anyone have any clues?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T06:06:29.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47974",
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"owner_user_id": "3172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How would どこ吹く風 be used in a sentence?",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "It means\n\n> 私の忠告｛ちゅうこく｝を聞いても彼はどこ吹く風という感じだ。\n\nsimilar phrase\n\n> 私が話してもまるで馬の耳に念仏{ねんぶつ}だ。\n>\n> 私が話しているのに彼はしかとしているのだろうか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T06:24:00.710",
"id": "47977",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "> 私の忠告に **どこ吹く風** という顔だ\n\n私の忠告に is made by omitting あなたに対する / あなたへの from 私の **あなたに対する** 忠告に which means\n\" _to my advice for you_ \". \nIn this sentence, 忠告 implies **a wind blowing**. \nIf you write どこ吹く風という顔だ fully, it will become あなたは、「風はどこに吹いていますか？」という顔だ which\nmeans _you look like saying \"where is the wind blowing?\"_ \n顔 means 様子｛ようす｝ / 態度｛たいど｝ _an appearance, a look or a manner_.\n\nThe writer of the sentence 私の忠告にどこ吹く風という顔だ wants to say that _it's impossible\nyou don't notice the wind blowing, because it is blowing to you_ or\nあなたは私の忠告を無視しているようである _you seem to ignore my advice_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T07:42:31.600",
"id": "47980",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T09:12:19.217",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-03T09:12:19.217",
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
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"post_type": "answer",
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},
{
"body": "どこ吹く風 is an idiomatic set phrase like \"when in Rome\", so grammatically you can\ntreat it as a long noun, a no-adjective or a quote, without changing it a bit.\n\n> * 彼はどこ吹く風だ。\n> * 彼はどこ吹く風の口調だ。\n> * 彼はどこ吹く風といった様子だ。\n> * 彼はどこ吹く風という顔だ。\n> * 彼はどこ吹く風のようだ。\n> * 彼は私の話を、どこ吹く風と受け流した。\n>\n\nIn case you don't know ～顔だ/～顔をしている, please read: [Describing facial\nexpression](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42349/5010)\n\nThere are many other idiomatic set phrases that work just like this:\n\n * [我関せず](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%88%91%E9%96%A2%E3%81%9B%E3%81%9A)\n * [心ここにあらず](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%BF%83%E3%81%93%E3%81%93%E3%81%AB%E3%81%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%9A)\n * [我が意を得たり](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%88%91%E3%81%8C%E6%84%8F%E3%82%92%E5%BE%97%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A)\n * [知らぬが仏](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%89%E3%81%AC%E3%81%8C%E4%BB%8F)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T10:19:03.007",
"id": "47989",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 47974 | null | 47989 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "47991",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "下の牛舎から上にいくまでの 道に落ちた堆肥をホウキなどで道の端にはくのではなくこれからは一輪車で集めて捨てるようにしてください\n\nis the naku a form of nai, and does it mean the compost won't peel off the\nroad? But from the rest of the sentence I get the feeling its different.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T09:27:02.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47983",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T10:23:19.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22318",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "purpose of なく in this sentence",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "The part of interest here is ではなく which is the continuative form of ではない. I\nfind that AではなくB often translates reasonably as \"B rather than A\". So in this\ncase\n\n> Rather than sweeping the crap ... make sure you ...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T10:09:15.613",
"id": "47988",
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},
{
"body": "Yes, it's the く form of ない. The pattern [Verb] のではなく means \"It is not that\n[the subject] does [whatever the verb is], but . . .\". More idiomatically\n\"instead of doing [such-and such]\", \"rather than doing [so-and-so]\".\n\nSo this means \"Instead of sweeping any manure that falls onto the path up from\nthe lower cowshed to the side of the path with a broom, in future please be\nsure to (ようにする - \"make a point of\") collect it up with a wheelbarrow and\ndispose of it [properly]\"\n\nThe fact that the path is coming up from the lower cowshed suggests that the\nstuff being dropped is animal manure rather that compost.\n\nI have a question: What is the まで doing?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T10:23:19.187",
"id": "47991",
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"owner_user_id": "20069",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 47983 | 47991 | 47988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48006",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the examplatory phrases of my grammar, there is this sentence. 本当の研究発表のつもり\n**で** 、みんなの前ではなしてください。\n\n\"Please talk in front of everybody as if it was a real presentation of your\nnew research.\"\n\nI'd just like to know how this で in bold has to be classified. I'd say it is a\nconnector like in な adjectives, but since I don't know how to classify つもり, I\nwanted to ask here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T10:19:35.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47990",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-04T09:11:09.927",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-04T09:11:09.927",
"last_editor_user_id": "20172",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "what is this で in this sentence",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "The で you've marked is the case-marking particle (格助詞) で. As for つもり, it is a\nnoun.\n\n> つもり **で** = **with** the \"intention\"\n>\n> 本当の研究発表のつもりで、みんなの前ではなしてください。= Please talk in front of everybody with the\n> intention of the real research presentation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T19:44:31.113",
"id": "48006",
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"owner_user_id": "22196",
"parent_id": "47990",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 47990 | 48006 | 48006 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48005",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In some of the example phrases of my textbook, these two sentences appeared.\n\n 1. 弟はいつもコンピューター_?_ばかりしている。 Here where I used the bold question mark I'd usually expect the particle を to indicate the direct object. But it's not there. Does this happen regularly? And if so, under what circumstances is it allowed?\n\n 2. 最近忙しくて、テレビのドラマとか映画とか見る時間がありません。 Same as in 1, just in a different construction so that you can explain the different reasons for the omission of を, if there are different reasons at all.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T11:16:31.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47992",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T19:30:43.890",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Is it necessary or optional to omit the particle を in these sentences?",
"view_count": 490
} | [
{
"body": "Particle omission (助詞落ち) depends not only on what it follows/it is followed\nby, but also on the \"environment\" (what particle is used in the sentence etc.)\n\nFirst, you have to know that in \"old japanese\", combining most particles (if\nnot all) was the correct way, and you can still encounter some of them in\nmodern japanese, like をも, をは (をば) etc. Not mentioning all the double particles\nthat are used all the time like からも, までも etc.\n\nAnyway that being said, in modern japanese some double particles like をも have\nbeen contracted in も with を being dropped (even though you might encounter をも\nwritten somewhere once in a while). And ばかり acting as a particle, you will\noften see/hear ばかり used alone with the を dropped. It is the same case with だけ,\nくらい, ほど etc. which act as particles, so it is very common to use them by\nthemselves and in some cases more natural. The same goes for とか. But remember\nthat this is not the case all the time, 「とかを」, 「ばかりを」, 「をばかり」, 「だけを」, 「だけが」,\n「とかが」etc. are still used even though some of them are (a lot) less common\n(thus unnatural).\n\nSecondly, particles can be omitted (or changed but this is another subject)\ndepending on the other particles and words used elsewhere in the sentence, or\njust depending on the sentence itself (politeness, if it's long or not etc.).\nBut most of the time this is in casual speech, hence not correct\ngrammatically. Example:\n\n> 映画みたよ X (even though it is widely used)\n>\n> 映画を見たよ O",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T19:30:43.890",
"id": "48005",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 47992 | 48005 | 48005 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48014",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 新聞に **こんなことが書いてあった** 。最近の日本人は家族みんなで休日にコンピューターゲームを楽しむそうだ。\n>\n> In the newspapers, the following **is written**. It is said that recently\n> the japanese people are enjoying computer games in their spare time with the\n> whole family.\n\nWhat bothers me here is that it is practically impossible to preserve the\nactive mode of the 書いてあった in the translation. I understand that things are\nlike that and that I have to accept it, it's just that I guess that I will\ntend to use the following construction if I produce japanese myself:\n\n> 新聞にこんなことを書いてあった。 → In the newspapers, **they've** written the following.\n\nor\n\n> 新聞にこんなことが書かれてあった。 → In the newspapers, the following has been written.\n\nAre these constructions understandable or at least still grammatical?\n\nI'm not sure whether my passive -て いる construction is still grammatical from a\nmorphological or syntactical perspective. I've written it down like that to\nhave it either confirmed or corrected by you :D",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T12:16:22.707",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47993",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can this be expressed through an alternate construction",
"view_count": 79
} | [
{
"body": "I'd say both sentences are understandable, but they are not grammatically\ncorrect.\n\nFor sentence A, you cannot use を with ある nearly all cases, which include this\ncase. You have to stay with が (although think that this kind of mistake is\noften made by foreigners and Japanese people used to having contact with\nJapanese students will understand you just fine).\n\nAs for B: As you said yourself, the passive construction is [passive stem]-て\n**いる** , not [passive stem]-てある. Replacing あった with いた should do the trick.\nKeep in mind, however, that using the normal passive form over the -てある form\nchanges the meaning slightly. The -てある variant implies that something was done\n_by someone intentionally_ , while the normal passive just describes a state,\ni.e. the fact might just have appeared in the newspaper _on its own_.",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T16:34:24.367",
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"body": "The following articles are related:\n\n * [ている vs てある in resultant states relating the trans/intransitive verb and が/を](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/41614/5010)\n * [「～が～てある」と「～を～てある」はどう違う？](http://www.alc.co.jp/jpn/article/faq/03/67.html)\n\n> 「～てある」には動作の結果としての対象の状態を表す場合があり、このとき対象となる名詞は「が」によってマークされます。\n>\n\n>> 壁にポスターが貼ってある。 \n> 花瓶に花が生けてある。\n\nThe ～が～てある pattern appears with instant state-change (aka punctual),\ntransitive verbs like 倒す, 落とす, 壊す.\n\n壁にポスター **を** 貼ってある, 木 **を** 倒してある and so on are also perfectly valid Japanese\nsentences. But they are fine only when you say this with the the nuance of \"in\npreparation\", \"in advance\", etc. When you introduce something into [the\nuniverse of discourse](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010) using\nthis construction, が should be used. (And that's why 彼が殺してある does not mean \"He\nhas been killed\"; 彼 should be already in the universe of discourse when this\nsentence is made)\n\n新聞にこんなことが書かれてあった is grammatical and understandable, but it's too long and\nusually not used.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-04T03:38:15.780",
"id": "48014",
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| 47993 | 48014 | 48000 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am having trouble with this sentence from my textbook. It might be that this\nsentence is many sentences condensed into one long one and that is why I am\nfinding it hard.\n\nCould somebody help me break this up into simpler sentences so that I may\nunderstand?\n\nSuggestions from a woman who has had the experience of hosting a foreign\nstudent:\n\n```\n\n 日本に来て、短い間でもホームステイをし、実際に日本人といっしょうに住むことにより\n 、日本人の生活を体験できるとは、とてもいいことだと思います。\n \n```\n\nI read it as \"Coming to Japan, doing homestay for a short space of time, doing\nliving with a Japanese person\" (I am stuck on により) \"Doing [a] Japanese\nperson's living experiences, it a very good idea\"\n\nAm I about right?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "により and help breaking up a long sentence",
"view_count": 149
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{
"body": "Try breaking the sentence into three parts:\n\nPart 1, up to the first こと．This is a noun phrase, the noun こと modified by the\nclause (grammatically itself a sentence) that precedes it. This is followed by\nにより, which means \"through\", \"by means of\", \"as a result of\", so this part of\nthe sentence means \"as a result of [doing the things spoken of in the\nmodifying sentence] . . . \"\n\nPart 2, from there to とは. This combination of particles can be regarded as an\nelliptical way of saying というのは, and indicates that the speaker or writer is\nabout to offer an explanation in other words of what precedes it. This is\noften a definition of a word or phrase. Or とは could be a typo for ことは, which\nwould make equally good sense. Either way, this marks the overall topic of the\nsentence.\n\nPart 3, the rest of the sentence, which means \"I think it's an excellent\nthing\". So the whole means \"I think it's an excellent thing to [be able to do\nsuch-and-such, Part 2] by [doing so-and-so, Part 1].\"\n\nNote also: でも means \"even\" and いっしょうに should be いっしょに.",
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| 47995 | null | 47996 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48004",
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"body": "Actually, I want I'm figuring out a specific sentence, which is 「暇なので相手して。」And\nI thought that it means \"I am bored because of my companion.\"\n\n * 暇 [hima] - \"leisure\" / \"fun\"\n\n * な [na] - Negative imperative. Meaning \"himana\" means \"not fun\"\n\n * ので [node] - \"because\"\n\n * 相手 [aite] - \"companion\" or someone with me\n\n * して [shite] - \"I am doing\" or current state\n\nBut according to <http://www.japanesefile.com/Adjectives/hima_na_1.html> \"hima\nna\" means \"to have free time\"",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T15:12:14.803",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"nouns",
"negation"
],
"title": "(noun) + な versus (verb) + な",
"view_count": 1165
} | [
{
"body": "暇 acts as an adjective here, which explains the な which is basically the 連体形\nof the 活用語尾 (conjugative suffix). 暇 can also be a noun, but here it is not.\n\nYour sentence means \"since/because I have free time, become my partner\" (lit.\nbecause it is free time, do partner).\n\nFinally, I will answer your question assuming you meant to say: \"what is the\ndifference between (noun)+な and ( **adjective** )+な?\" (and not ( **verb** )+な)\n\nThe basic difference between these two なs is that the な following an adjective\nis the 活用語尾 (conjugative suffix), whereas the な following a noun is the\nauxiliary 「だ」. Both conjugated in the 連体 form.\n\nThere is a very small difference between -na adjectives' _conjugative suffix_\nand the auxiliary 「だ」, which is only morphologic (meaning there is no\ndifference in meaning): when we use an adjective in the 連体 form, what follows\nwill always be な, for example:\n\n> 綺麗な花\n>\n> 暇な時\n>\n> 好きな人\n>\n> 簡単な宿題\n\nOn the other hand, a noun has no conjugation, it acts on its own, and the\nfollowing な (if there is) is independant because it is an auxiliary verb, and\nnot a conjugation attached to the noun.\n\n> 「厄介な」ので = adjective (because he is troublesome)\n>\n> 「学生」「な」ので = noun (because he is a student)\n\nPlus, we cannot always use 「な」 (だ) after a noun, but it is okay for an\nadjective to be followed by な in any case.\n\n> 学生なころ X\n>\n> 学生のころ O",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T18:30:49.280",
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| 47998 | 48004 | 48004 |
{
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"body": "I have a quick question about something I've come across:\n\n> 中村さんだけでもいいんだけどねえ。\n\nI'm at a loss as to what it could mean, and I wonder if it might be an idiom\nof sorts? If so what is its meaning?\n\nWhat I have learnt is that だけでも can mean \"even only…” and \"いいんだけど\" means \"I\nhope/wish\".\n\nBut it doesn't seem to make sense if I try to put it together:\n\nFor example:\n\n> Even Nakamura san only I hope.\n\nThat doesn't sound right to me. Any help is appreciated!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T16:11:35.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "47999",
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"owner_user_id": "22390",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"syntax",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Is だけでもいいんだけど a Japanese expression?",
"view_count": 825
} | [
{
"body": "「だけでもいいんだけど」 is not an expression.\n\nだけ means \"only\".\n\nでも is a combination of the 連用形 of the auxiliary 「だ」, and the particle も which\nhas the meaning of \"also\", so でも means \"even if it is...\" (lit. also be).\n\nいい is basically the adjective 良い which means \"good, okay\".\n\nん is a contraction of the \"explanatory\" particle の.\n\nThe only part you could see as an expression is the んだけど part that you can\ntranslate like \"though\" or \"but\" depending on the sentence.\n\nSo as a translation, I would say :\n\n> 中村さんだけでもいいんだけどねえ。 = It's okay even if it's only Nakamura though/but...",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-03T17:41:27.537",
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| 47999 | null | 48002 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48003",
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"body": "友人主婦がディズニーランドに行った際、五歳になる長男がトイレに入ったきり姿を消した。スタッフに迷子になった場所を伝えると顔色が変わり「誘拐の可能性がある」\n**と** すぐにすべての出口でチェックが行なわれた。\n\nI'm translating a news article for my thesis. It's about a wellknown urban\nlegend, the Attempted Abduction. I don't quite understand the use of と in the\nsecond sentence... Is it used to make a list of actions? But that would be an\nunusual use of the particle... Or is it used for reporting speech? But again,\nthere is no verb like say or tell or something... Please help me :)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T17:37:35.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48001",
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"owner_user_id": "20522",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax",
"sentence"
],
"title": "help with translating と",
"view_count": 67
} | [
{
"body": "there are two と in that sentence. the first means \"when\" and the second it\nquotative.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T18:03:02.953",
"id": "48003",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-03T18:03:02.953",
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| 48001 | 48003 | 48003 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48013",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading an article on NHK News Easy, and while I basically understand\nthe two sentences below, I'm having a little trouble deciphering what exactly\nthe particle 「と」 is doing.\n\nSo with:\n\n> 地球の気温が上がらないようにするために二酸化炭素などのガスを減らす **と** 国連で決めた「パリ協定」が、去年１１月から始まりました。\n\nWhat does the 「減らす **と** 国連で決めた」 part of the sentence mean? What is the\npurpose of 「と」 here?\n\nAnd with:\n\n> アメリカのトランプ大統領は６月１日、パリ協定から出る **と** 発表しました。\n\nWhy does 「出る」 have to be followed by 「と」?\n\nI thought I was familiar with the basic uses of 「と」 (linking nouns, as a\nconditional, for quoting), but I don't see how it fits here as any of these.\nCould someone clarify?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T21:44:19.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48007",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-03T23:05:32.640",
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"owner_user_id": "22393",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is と being used for in these two sentences?",
"view_count": 281
} | [
{
"body": "I will start by translating the sentence:\n\n> 地球の気温が上がらないようにするために二酸化炭素などのガスを減らすと国連で決めた「パリ協定」が、去年１１月から始まりました。 = Paris\n> treaty which has been decided by the united nations to reduce the gas\n> emissions such as carbon dioxide so that the temperature of earth doesn't\n> rise up has started since november of last year.\n\nThis is a pretty long sentence, please feel free to correct my english if\nthere is the need to.\n\nNow as for your question, the と basically is the quotative particle. It is\nvery often used in this kind of structure without the verb 言う or any other\nverb that involve the action of saying something. To help yourself understand\nit better, you can think of a 「言って」 right after the と particle. As in:\n\n> 買ってくれと泣いた。 → 買ってくれと(言って)泣いた。 (he cried saying \"buy me this!\")\n>\n> ガスを減らすと(言って)国連で決めた。 = we decided with the united nations (saying) that we\n> will reduce gas [...]\n\nThis is the same と as in your second sentence:\n\n> アメリカのトランプ大統領は６月１日、パリ協定から出ると発表しました。 = They announced that the president of\n> America Trump has \"left\" Paris treaty on the first of June.\n\nYou can imagine 言って between と and 発表する.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T22:14:59.743",
"id": "48008",
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},
{
"body": "That と is the quotative particle and it indicates contents of definition or\nwhat's decided when it's not a noun but a clause. i.e \"Paris treaty that\ndecided **that** we would reduce gas including CO2 ...\".\n\nIn other words, 減らすと決める can be rephrased as 削減を決める or 減らすことを決める. Here, 減らす is\na clause while 削減 or 減らすこと are a noun.\n\nAn important function of this quotative と is to make adverbs together with\nonomatopoeia like ダラダラと話し合う (to talk idly) or キラキラと光る (to twinkle). What's\nreally important is that this function is not limited to onomatopoeia but\napplicable to nouns, clauses or interjections in combination with verbs\n**which other languages don't consider quotable** as well.\n\nI understand this idea is difficult for those who are not familiar with\nJapanese and I appreciate how they think of it as omission of 言う or 思う but\nthat's not how native speakers are conscious of it.\n\nFor example, 離すまいと手を伸ばす means \"to reach out his/her hand so eloquently as if\nit never wants to leave it\" and the agent is not necessarily thinking that\nway.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-04T03:32:47.400",
"id": "48013",
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| 48007 | 48013 | 48013 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48959",
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"body": "> 柴ふねの立枝も春や朝かすみ (shiba-fune no risshi mo haru ya asa-kasumi)\n>\n\n>> How spring-like the branches\n\n>>\n\n>> Standing up in the firewood boat\n\n>>\n\n>> In the morning mist\n\n>>\n\n>> --Kiin\n\nProbably my favorite haiku from when I was hot and heavy into the work of\nBlyth. The contrast of life and death caught in that ominous stillness--good\nstuff. But my Japanese is shit, so I was hoping that someone more fluent could\npossibly illuminate any discrepancies they noticed in the translation done by\nBlyth and/or what would be a more accurate translation of the poem.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-03T22:20:50.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48009",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-02T15:08:00.540",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-03T23:05:57.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "22196",
"owner_user_id": "22394",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"poetry",
"haiku"
],
"title": "How does Bylth's translation of this haiku by Kiin hold up?",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "It seems fine to me. There's not much latitude to the translator; the imagery\nis quite concrete, and all the elements of the original are reflected pretty\nmuch directly in Blyth's version. A word-by-word rendering would be: _Firewood\nboat's standing-branches [emphasis] / spring! / morning mist_. One could\nperhaps read the も as \"too\" and say \"the firewood, too, [is a part of/a sign\nof this season: the] spring!\"; but that change seems inconsequential to the\noverall meaning anyway.\n\nThe only point in question for me is that I thought 立枝 was read _tachi-e_ ,\nnot _risshi_ ; but I'm not sure of it either.\n\nIncidentally, I didn't feel this poem as ominous or particularly death-related\n(as, say, Bashō's _tsuwamonodomo_ ). Just seems like an average haiku scene to\nme, with a cold spring morning and the mist and someone already hard at work\nshipping firewood.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Er0im.jpg)",
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"creation_date": "2017-07-02T15:08:00.540",
"id": "48959",
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| 48009 | 48959 | 48959 |
{
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"body": "Is it grammatically correct to say something like:\n\n> 友達と遊ぶこと **や** 食べることが好きです。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-04T00:52:10.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48011",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-04T08:31:32.927",
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"owner_user_id": "22398",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"particle-と",
"particle-や"
],
"title": "Difference between AとB and AやB",
"view_count": 390
} | [
{
"body": "I did a quick [Google ブックス](https://books.google.co.jp/) search for \"ことや\" and\ngot results such as:\n\n * > なにかしらの心的態度を変える **ことや** 、しているなにかをやめる **ことや** 、やり方を変える **ことや** …\n\n * > 能天気にラッキーな **ことや** ツイてる **ことや** 、いいことばかりとは限りません。いやな **ことや** 、辛い **ことや** …\n\n * > 辞職にも通ずる **ことや** し…\n\nBased on the results, I think it's safe to say that it's grammatically\ncorrect. However, there are more common ways to express strings of verbs like\nとか or 〜たり〜たりする.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-04T04:22:48.720",
"id": "48017",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-04T04:29:19.943",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-04T04:29:19.943",
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"score": -1
},
{
"body": "To answer your question: Yes, it is grammatically correct.\n\n* * *\n\nFor your info / what you are not clear of:\n\n> 友達と遊ぶこと **と** 食べることが好きです。 \n> I love to eat and play with friends. \n> (And thats all, not sure if I love to do anything else with them. )\n>\n> 友達と遊ぶこと **や** 食べることが好きです。 \n> I love to eat and play with friends. \n> (Well actually there are much more I love to do with my friends but play\n> and eat will be two of them.)\n\nSo the difference of と and や will be：\n\n * と： _list things out and that's everything of it._\n\n * や： _list a part of all things out that belongs to the same group._\n\nThat is also why according for some Japanese と got the nuance of more\n\"separating\" and や feels more like things belongs to the same group.\n\nHope that helps.^^",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-04T05:14:23.837",
"id": "48019",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-04T08:34:16.500",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "22397",
"parent_id": "48011",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48011 | null | 48019 |
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