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{
"accepted_answer_id": "48593",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been told の is formal, thus のです is grammatically right. \nYet, のだ is not. Only んだ would be correct.\n\nTherefore, 「んだぜ、んさ、んだぞ、んぜ、んぞ」 are correct and 「のだぜ、のだぞ、のさ、のぜ、のぞ」 are not.\n\nDo you agree? Why or why not？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-20T21:31:17.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48586",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T06:41:27.590",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T06:41:27.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"explanatory-の"
],
"title": "Are のだぞ、のさ、のだ grammatically wrong?",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "As for the difference between んだぜ/んだぞ and のだぜ/のだぞ, yes, the former is far more\ncommon, but the latter form is still grammatical and occasionally heard. A\nfictional pompous person may well talk like ～のだぜ/のだぞ with their close friends.\n\nんぜ/んぞ/のぜ/のぞ do not exist.\n\n> * 見たんだぜ。見たんだぞ。: OK, informal male speech\n> * 見たのだぜ。見たのだぞ。: Less common. pompous and/or old-fashioned\n> * 見たんぜ。見たんぞ。見たのぜ。見たのぞ。: ungrammatical\n>\n\nI don't know why, but のさ is more common than んさ, and のよ is more common than\nんよ. んさ/んよ sounds a bit dialectal to me.\n\n> * 見たのさ。: OK, informal male speech\n> * 見たのよ。: OK, informal female speech\n> * 見たんさ。見たんよ。: dialectal\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T05:44:36.543",
"id": "48593",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T05:44:36.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 48586 | 48593 | 48593 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I'm working my way through a JLPT 2 question and came across this one, in\nthe \"stick the parts in the right order\" section.\n\n今になって１週間も前になくした ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿ っこないよ。\n\n1. 見つかり 2. 探した 3. 財布を 4. って\n\nThe meaning of the sentence as a whole was immediately clear and it's not the\norder I need an explanation for but the use of って. The correct sentence reads:\n\n今になって１週間も前になくした財布を探した **って** 見つかりっこないよ。\n\nI learned that って was used in colloquial speech as a replacement for the\nquotation marker と. I also half-remember it being used by the speaker to\nhighlight something/someone/a topic that the listener will know. Is this right\nand, if so, can you use it these ways:\n\n*昨日って、寒かったね。 *田中さんって、パーティに行きますか。 *吉田さん、知らんって言った。\n\nThey would all be okay? So in the case of the first and second example, they\nare also being used to mark the topic (which in this case is something the\nlistener should also already know).\n\nSo in the example N2 question, it's being used to mark 財布 as that's the\nsubject of the sentence but also the listener has pre-knowledge of the lost\nwallet, with the nuance being something like: \"(You know) that wallet that I\nlost...\" or \"(about) that wallet that I lost...\"?\n\nSo you could say something like this: \"昨日の試合って、雨のために中止になった。 \"You know that\ngame I had yesterday...\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T04:37:12.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48590",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T05:32:54.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20266",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"jlpt",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Use of って in this question",
"view_count": 252
} | [
{
"body": "Your three sentences marked with `*` seem perfectly fine to me. But the (た)って\nin the sentence in question is used for a different purpose. It's a distinct\nconjunctive meaning \"even if ～\". It's still informal/colloquial.\n\nSee:\n\n * [How to parse ～なくたって?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19593/5010)\n * [Can you use Adjective + たって?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27715/5010)\n * [Some questions about って](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18737/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T05:32:54.057",
"id": "48592",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T05:32:54.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48590",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 48590 | null | 48592 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "先生の言ったとおりにやってください or 先生が言ったとおりにやってください\n\nI'm trying to say \"Please do as the teacher said\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T06:12:10.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48595",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T06:14:33.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22630",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Do I need to use の or が in this sentence",
"view_count": 82
} | [
{
"body": "In relative clauses, が and の are _mostly_ interchangeable. These two sentences\nare equally correct, and sound almost identical to me.\n\nSee: [How does the の work in\n「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T06:14:33.803",
"id": "48596",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T06:14:33.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48595 | null | 48596 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48600",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I tried looking up at dictionary also the meaning of both of seems.\n\nCould anyone please tell me the exact difference between these two?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T06:53:04.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48597",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T01:20:24.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 代表取締役 and 取締役?",
"view_count": 852
} | [
{
"body": "代表 means representative.\n\nSo 代表取締役 is a representative for the position of the 取締役.\n\nFrom the dictionary.\n\n> 取締役 : company director \n> 代表取締役 : representative director\n\nSo the job of a 代表取締役 is basically the same but their but not as official the\nother. 代表(representative) might also imply that he was chosen/elected rather\nthan self appointed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T06:58:50.793",
"id": "48598",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T07:11:10.387",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T07:11:10.387",
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"score": 2
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{
"body": "> What is the difference between 代表取締役 and 取締役?\n\nThe difference belongs to the field of legal terms which can not be conveyed\nonly by English translation. Please take this opportunity to understand it\nexactly.\n\n[Here](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/2403536.html) is the exact answer. \nI quoted all of the **ベストアンサー** _the best answer_ as:\n\n> 代表取締役と一般の取締役と具体的にどんなところが違うのでしょうか？\n\n代表取締役は、その名の通り会社を代表する事ができます。つまり対外的 に会社を代表します。（社内的には、社長が会社を代表する場合もあれば\n会長が会社を代表する場合があります） 会社の代表として、自分の意思で契約などをする事ができます。\nそれに対して、取締役は会社の最高機関である取締役会の構成要員です。 よって会社の方向性の決定や、取締役として任された一部の仕事を行いま\nすが、契約などを自分だけの意思で行う事はできません。\n\n> 一般的に言う役員＝取締役と考えていいのですか？\n\n一般的には、役員＝取締役です。最近は執行役員も役員と表記する場合が ありますので注意が必要です。\n\n> それから役員と執行役員の違いはどこなんでしょうか？\n\n取締役会の構成メンバーが取締役です。取締役会は会社の経営・執行を 統括する機関ですから、会社の全てを掌握します。よって構成メンバー\nである取締役は”経営者”という事になります。 それに対し執行役員は、与えられた業務を執行する責任者です。 また執行役員は従業員であり経営者ではありません。\n\n社長・副社長・専務・常務（＋会長）が取締役で、その下が執行役員で ある場合が多いと思います。\nしかし、社長が執行役員であっても問題はありませんので、別途取締役 会があり社長と代表取締役が別であっても問題はありません。\n\n* * *\n\n## Another answer\n\n取締役とは株主総会で選出された会社の運営を行う経営者になります。取締役は、会社の運営全般においての権限と義務が株主より委託されています。\n代表取締役とはその取締役を代表する者であり、会社として対外的に代表します。 執行役員とは取締役が決定した会社の業務を執り行う責任者となります。\n従って、執行役員はその取締役から指示された業務を執行するのが仕事であり、それ以外の部署に関することには責任も権限もありません。\nまた役員には上記の他に監査役も含まれます。\n\n* * *\n\n**取締役** a _director_ is an organ that must necessarily be placed in all\ncorporations. For companies with non-Board of Directors, directors carry out\nthe business of the company internally and represent the company externally,\nand at the company with the Board of Directors, the decision-making body of\nthe company's business execution, they are the members of the Board of\nDirectors.\n\n_**代表取締役**_ _Representative directors_ can conduct contracts and other acts on\nbehalf of the company alone based on resolutions of the general shareholders'\nmeeting or decision-making body of the Board of Directors. At the same time,\nthe representative director executes the business of the company. Regarding\ndaily work, it is considered that the decision authority has been delegated\nfrom the Board of Directors, and it also makes decisions on its own and\nenforces them.\n\nRepresentative directors have the authority to conduct any actions outside of\njudicial or judicial matters concerning work (Article 349 (4) of the Companies\nAct), but establish internal limits (such as requiring resolutions of the\nBoard of Directors for certain acts) is also possible. However, this internal\nrestriction can not be opposed to a third party (third party of good faith)\nwho does not know that there is a limitation (Article 349 (5)).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T07:00:24.783",
"id": "48599",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T12:50:35.757",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"body": "取締役 is a legal term that refers to managing/board directors of a company, and\na large company typically has about 5 to 15 取締役 members. 代表取締役 is a subset of\n取締役, and is defined as \" **取締役 who have the 代表権 (right to represent the\ncompany)**.\" According to the Japanese law, a person with a 代表権 can make a\ncontract by themselves on behalf of the company. So basically 代表取締役 is higher\nthan normal 取締役.\n\nTypically, there is only one 代表取締役 in a company, and in such a case the 代表取締役\nis almost always the 社長/president of the company (i.e., 代表取締役社長). Large\ncompanies may have more than one 代表取締役. For example Nintendo has 6 取締役, and\nthree of them are 代表取締役, and one of them is the president himself. But who own\nthe 代表権 among the 取締役 of a company is somewhat arbitrary, and technically\nspeaking, there may be edge cases where a 社長 is not a 代表取締役.\n\nIn Japanese companies, 取締役 are traditionally divided into three categories;\nfrom highest to lowest, 社長, (副社長), 専務 and 常務. See: [Hierarchy of management\ntitles in Japanese companies](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25147/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T07:30:59.927",
"id": "48600",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48597 | 48600 | 48600 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48603",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was asked by my teacher to read a kid friendly manga, something easy to\nstart with.\n\nI am not having issue with the vocabulary and I understand the general gist of\na sentence but I am having issue with \"why\" is the sentence constructed that\nway.\n\n> そういえばほかのボールがどこにあるかもわからないのにどうやって探すんだ？\n\nSo what I get from this is :\n\n> Come to think of it how are we going to find the place, that I don't know,\n> where the ball is.\n\nBut I am a bit confused grammar-wise with two things :\n\n> ある **かも**\n\nand\n\n> わからない **のに**\n\nThese are my best guesses :\n\nある **かも** -> か is to show that the character is asking where is the place of\nthe ball\n\nも is used here to say the character doesn't know **anything** about it\n\nわからないのに -> に say that the previous part of the sentence is **where** they need\nto look\n\nの I really have no idea why a no would be here\n\nThank you for your help !",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T08:20:18.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48601",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T11:39:03.320",
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"owner_user_id": "16081",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"particle-も",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Grammar question about [sentence]のに",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence can be roughly divided into three parts:\n\n> そういえば、｛ほかのボールがどこにあるか｝もわからないのに、どうやって探すんだ？\n\n * そういえば is a common set phrase, \"come to think of it\", \"as I recall.\"\n * ほかのボールがどこにあるか forms an [embedded question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13034/5010). \"where the other balls are\".\n * ～が分かる is \"to know/understand ～\".\n * The following も replaces が, and adds the nuance of \"(not) even\". See: [The meaning of 「尋ねられもしないこと」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/34431/5010) and [How to say \"even\" in Japanese?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32201/5010)\n * のに is a common conjunction that means \"although\", \"despite the fact that ～\". See examples [here](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=noni).\n\n> Come to think of it, how can we find (it) when we don't even know where the\n> other balls are?\n\nI don't know what exactly they are searching for from this context. Maybe they\nare searching for something which is related to 'the other balls'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T09:16:34.207",
"id": "48603",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48601",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48601 | 48603 | 48603 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48606",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\n\nお、お前{まえ}ら\n\nこの変態{へんたい}を__えろ！！\n\nI can't find a kanji that looks like the one in the image. For context, it's a\nguard/police officer yelling so I assume it's got something to do with\narresting/capturing but even with that, I still cant find one that fits the\nimage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T10:24:06.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48605",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T16:22:11.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "21932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Trouble recognizing kanji from a manga",
"view_count": 175
} | [
{
"body": "I read it as [抑]{おさ}えろ: arrest. Hope that helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T10:40:41.703",
"id": "48606",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T16:22:11.447",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T16:22:11.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "22643",
"owner_user_id": "22643",
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"score": 4
}
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| 48605 | 48606 | 48606 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Normally, when I see ～ことになる I translate it as \"it is / has been decided that\n～\". However, in these few sentences the usage of ことになる is rather peculiar:\n\n> 次期ＯＳ（ウインドウズ）の発売に合わせてパソコンを買い換えたいのですが、いつですか？ 来年後半らしいけど、延びる可能性もあるかもね。だから２年位待つ\n> **ことになる** かな。\n\nIt's a snippet from BCCWJ, yahoo database. I am unsure if it's a dialogue or\nmonologue (speaker contemplating the possibility of Windows being delayed) or\nwhat the exact function of ことになる is in the third sentence.\n\nI translated the whole thing as:\n\n> \"I'd like to buy a new computer along with new release of OS (Windows), but\n> when? It seems it'll be released by the half of the next year, but there's a\n> possibility it'll be delayed. I'll wait for about 2 years.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T13:21:33.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48607",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T13:33:24.650",
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"owner_user_id": "19009",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "How to translate ことになる in this sentence",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "There's nothing particularly peculiar about ～ことになる in your snippet. That\nexpression isn't limited to decisions, it simply expresses the logical result\nor consequence of a given action or state of affairs.\n\nIn your snippet, the polite phrasing at the end of the question suggests a\ndialogue, so I'd translate it as:\n\n> I'd like to buy a new computer along with the next OS (Windows) release.\n> When will that be? It's apparently coming out in the latter half of next\n> year, but it could be delayed, so I guess you might **end up** wait **ing**\n> about two years.\n\nThe ことになる simply expresses that a delay in the release will result in a wait\nof about two years.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T13:56:00.377",
"id": "48608",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22424",
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}
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| 48607 | null | 48608 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I've been studying Japanese for about two years, and recently started working\nthough Japanese Duolingo. I'm confused by their particle usage for verbs:\n\n> 魚を食べます\n\nversus\n\n> 魚は食べません\n\nI.e using を for positive verbs and は for negative verbs. Is this standard, an\nidiosyncrasy of Duolingo, or wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T15:05:34.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48609",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T19:00:57.757",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T19:00:57.757",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22646",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Can you use は to mark the object with negative verbs?",
"view_count": 64
} | []
| 48609 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48611",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "英語の場合はepisode 1, episode 2...という数え方がありますが、日本語の場合はどういった数え方で数えるでしょうか？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T15:07:07.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48610",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T15:21:33.133",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22647",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"counters"
],
"title": "数え方（ドラマのエピソードの場合）",
"view_count": 316
} | [
{
"body": "「[第一話]{だいいちわ}、[第二話]{だいにわ}...」と数えることが多いと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T15:13:12.360",
"id": "48611",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T15:13:12.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "48610",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 48610 | 48611 | 48611 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 今年はほかに、片渕須直監督の「この世界の片隅に」が、 **クリスタル賞の次の賞** の「審査員賞」をもらいました。 \n> Additionally, this year, director 片渕須直's 'In the Corner of this World'\n> received the Judges Prize, which is ???\n\nDoes クリスタル賞の次の賞 mean the prize which is awarded after the Crystal prize, or\nthe prize which is second best to the Crystal prize?\n\nWhen I first read the sentence I thought it meant the second best prize, but\nthen I started to worry that 次 might only describe a temporal relationship.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T17:03:44.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48612",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T22:06:18.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Does 次の always indicate a temporal relationship?",
"view_count": 78
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with you; it's theoretically ambiguous, but I also read this as the\nsecond best prize after Crystal Prize.\n\nFor example one can say:\n\n> * 富士山の次に高い日本の山は何ですか？ \n> What's the next highest mountain in Japan after Mt. Fuji?\n> * 次に安いのを見せてください。 \n> Let me see the next cheapest one.\n>",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T17:25:02.700",
"id": "48614",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48612 | 48614 | 48614 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48618",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across this sentence while playing Hatoful Boyfriend. At first I had\ntrouble with the `外見が鳥類では` part. Would I be correct in saying that the use of\nでは in 外見が鳥類では is an example of the **[ては\nconstruction](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF-tewa/)** , and if not could someone please\nhelp me understand the grammar behind it?\n\n> はーとふる彼氏では外見が鳥類では脳内再生が困難という方の為に, 登場人物紹介に擬人化版のカットインも御用意しました",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T17:17:35.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48613",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T21:42:53.117",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T17:45:57.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "22352",
"owner_user_id": "22648",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Need help understanding a sentence I came across. Possible ては",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "This では is the te-form of the copula だ, followed by the topic marker は. So\nit's essentially the same では in simple sentences like 私は子供 **では** ない.\nLiterally, ～では is \"when it's ～, ...\" or \"if it's ～, ...\".\n\n * 外見が鳥類では脳内再生が困難だ \nif the appearance (of the characters) is (that of) avian species, doing 脳内再生\nis difficult\n\n * 外見が鳥類では脳内再生が困難(だ)という方 \nthose who have difficulty in doing 脳内再生 when the characters' appearance is\nthat of avian species\n\n * 外見が鳥類では脳内再生が困難(だ)という方の為に \nfor those who have difficulty in doing 脳内再生 with characters that have an avian\nappearance\n\n * はーとふる彼氏では｛外見が鳥類では脳内再生が困難という方の為に｝、登場人物紹介に擬人化版のカットインも御用意しました。 \nIn Hatoful Boyfriend, we have also prepared \"anthropomorphized\" versions of\nthe cut-ins of the characters for those who have difficulty in doing 脳内再生 with\ncharacters that have an avian appearance.\n\nEach character in the game is assigned a virtual seiyu, so 脳内再生 here seems to\nrefer to imagining the characters' sweet voice without actually hearing it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T21:37:28.557",
"id": "48618",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48613 | 48618 | 48618 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate one of the Japanese stories (currently this one:\n[節分の鬼](http://hukumusume.com/douwa/pc/jap/02/03.htm)) to get better\nunderstanding of the language (as I'm still a beginner, but stubborn) and the\nwhole thing was going smoothly until this part:\n\n> 「んだ、んだ。こんなうれしい事はねえ。まんずあたらしてけろ」 と、ズカズカと家に入り込んで来ました。\n\nI just cannot grasp this particular sentence: まんずあたらしてけろ.\n\nBefore asking for help I've searched throughout the web but with little luck,\napart from てけろ which, after some digging, I'm kinda convince it is a\ndialectical version of てください. According to Google Translate (not a great\nsource) the meaning of the sentence is 'Make sure to warm up'. Sounds right by\na long shot, considering the previous sentences in the story.\n\nCan anyone help me with breaking this apart? I begin to think this is really\nall about being cold but it just doesn't click for me still (maybe because of\nit being some dialect thing or a fixed phrase?)...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T18:38:41.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48615",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T22:02:22.513",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "22649",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Question about まんず",
"view_count": 283
} | [
{
"body": "* まんず is a dialectal way of saying まず (\"first of all\", \"before anything\").\n * ～てけろ is ～てください in Tohoku dialect.\n * あたらす is a causative form of あたる. (See \"shortened causative form\" [here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass))\n * あたる in this context is [火にあたる](http://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/18934/) (\"to get warm by the fire\"). 火に is omitted. See the definition **1** ㋒ in [this entry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4694/meaning/m0u/).\n\nSo in standard Japanese, the sentence is まず(火に)あたらせてください, which is translated\nas \"Let me get warm first\" or \"First of all, allow me to get warm\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T21:05:23.550",
"id": "48617",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 48615 | 48617 | 48617 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48621",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So for 一本、we know that 本 is a measure word for long cylindrical objects in\nclass. If you were to order a glass of sake, you would use （お酒の名前）一本ください。My\nquestion is when can you use 一杯 for sake?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T21:45:07.760",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48620",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T22:14:56.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22255",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "The usage of 一本 vs 一杯。",
"view_count": 321
} | [
{
"body": "In alcohol contexts, 本 is the counter for bottles and [とっくり (sake\nbottles)](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?ei=UTF-8&fr=sfp_as&aq=-1&oq=&ts=892&p=%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8A&meta=vc%3D),\nwhich are usually cylindrical. If the restaurant serves sake poured in a\ntokkuri along with an ochoko, you can order saying 1本ください. In an izakaya that\nserves sake in a glass or a cup, you should use 1杯. In both cases, saying ひとつ\nis always okay, too.\n\nThe same goes for ordering beer or wine; 1本 refers to a whole bottle, 1杯\nrefers to a glass.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T21:58:51.460",
"id": "48621",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-21T22:14:56.827",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-21T22:14:56.827",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48620",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 48620 | 48621 | 48621 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48632",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have difficulty trying to understand the following sentence:\n\n> 米大統領選などをきっかけに欧米で先行する取り組みを、日本でも本格化させるのが狙い。\n\nSource: <http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASK6P62NYK6PUTIL0CS.html>\n\nWhat is the meaning of 選を先行する取り組みを本格化させる here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-21T22:55:22.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48622",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T05:06:15.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9576",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Unclear sentence: 選を先行する取り組みを本格化させる",
"view_count": 133
} | [
{
"body": "> 米大統領選などをきっかけに欧米で先行する取り組みを、日本でも本格化させるのが狙い。\n\nIf you parse the sentence it will become as:\n\n 1. 米大統領 **選** などを ~~+~~ きっかけに欧米で先行する **取り組みを** 、 \n 2. ~~欧米で先行する **取り組みを** 、~~日本でも **本格化させる**\n 3. のが + 狙い。\n\n米大統領 **選** is the short form of 米大統領 **選挙**\n\n~~As for the second phrase,~~ \n~~the essence is 取り組みを本格させる,~~ \n~~and~~ \n欧米で先行する modifies 取り組み, and 日本でも modifies 本格化させる \nThe essence of the summary of the first and second phrases is 取り組みを本格させる.\n\nSo, you can say the original sentence simply as: \n取り組みを、本格化させるのが狙い。\n\n 1. 米大統領選などをきっかけに欧米で先行する取り組みを、 \n_the initiatives which have been carried out in the West utilizing the US\npresidential election and others_\n\n 2. ~~欧米で先行する取り組みを、~~ 日本でも本格化させる \n_to make the initiatives ~~which have been carried out in the West~~ full-\nscale even in Japan_\n\n 3. のが狙い。 \n_It is the aim to/that_\n\nAs a whole the original sentence is interpreted as:\n\n_It is the aim to make the initiatives which have been carried out in the West\nutilizing the US presidential election and others full-scale even in Japan_.\n\nAs the conclusion, \n\"選\" is nothing to do with を先行する取り組みを本格化させる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T00:40:46.503",
"id": "48623",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T05:06:15.313",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-22T05:06:15.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "48622",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 《［｛（米大統領選など **を** きっかけ **に** →）欧米で先行する→｝取り組み］を、日本でも本格化させるの》が狙い（だ）。\n\n * 米大統領選 is short for 米国大統領選挙, \"US presidential election\".\n * **XをYに** is a common pattern that means \"with X as/in/on Y\", \"using X as Y\". \n[Meaning and transitivity of\nゴミ袋を手に立ち上がる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20854/5010) \nSo 米大統領選などをきっかけに literally means \"with the US president election and such as\ntriggers\", which adverbially modifies 先行する.\n\n * 米大統領選などをきっかけに欧米で先行する modifies 取り組み (\"movements\", \"initiatives\", etc) as a relative clause.\n * 米大統領選などをきっかけに欧米で先行する取り組み is the long noun phrase that works as the object of the verb 本格化させる (lit. \"to make it in full progress\"). So this 取り組み refers to things like [this one](http://fortune.com/2017/03/22/facebook-fact-checking-tool/).\n * 米大統領選などをきっかけに欧米で先行する取り組みを日本でも本格化させるの is the long subject of the main clause of the sentence. The corresponding predicate is 狙い(だ). \"... is the purpose.\"\n\n> Their purpose is to push ahead also in Japan with the (same) movements that\n> precede in Western countries triggered by events such as the US presidential\n> election.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T03:02:59.120",
"id": "48632",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T03:18:29.337",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-22T03:18:29.337",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48622",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48622 | 48632 | 48632 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I know both are related to safety or peace of mind but is there a certain\ncontext in which one is better to use than the other?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T00:41:59.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48624",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T07:31:01.007",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22653",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 安心 and 安全?",
"view_count": 640
} | [
{
"body": "They have quite a different meaning.\n\nThink of 安心 as \"relief\" or \"peace of mind\" while 安全 is more \"safety\" or\n\"security\".\n\nExample of use of 安心:\n\n> 彼が無事だと聞いて私は、安心した。\n\n_I was relieved to hear that he was safe._\n\nExample of use of 安全:\n\n> お客様の安全を守るため、シートベルトをお締め下さい。\n\n_For your safety, please fasten your seat belt._\n\nThis is the typical thing you hear when you hop on a taxi for example (this is\nnot a literal translation, but the point here is to stress the meaning of 安全).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T00:58:16.217",
"id": "48625",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T00:58:16.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "An easy way to remember this is that 安心 has the kanji for safe and heart, so\nas Tommy said, peace of mind your heart is at ease.\n\n安全 has the kanji for safe and complete/full/all, so you can think 'all is\nsafe', which leans more towards security and safeness.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T07:31:01.007",
"id": "48647",
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}
]
| 48624 | null | 48625 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48628",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The word 生徒(せいと) means \"pupil\", but what exactly is/was a 生徒 in Japanese\nculture? And how is a 生徒 different from a 学生? And in what context would you\nuse the word?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T01:34:27.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48626",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-10T16:52:44.687",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"culture"
],
"title": "What exactly is a 生徒?",
"view_count": 442
} | [
{
"body": "I would say that 学生 strongly implies that it is a pupil in a school, while 生徒\nis simply a \"pupil\", someone who learns from someone.\n\nThere are many terms for students depending on the situation (school, martial\narts, beginner, expert, etc.), but pupil really feels suitable for them all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T01:46:55.227",
"id": "48627",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-10T16:52:44.687",
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},
{
"body": "According to my Japanese dictionary, 広辞林, the two words are defined as\nfollows:\n\n * 生徒 -- refers to a student receiving an education from a fixed location such as in middle or high school or from under a tutor etc. \n\n> 中高等大学校または家塾その他、一定の場所で教育を受ける人。\n\n * 学生 -- refers to a someone who attends classes, but in particular someone who studies at university. \n\n> 学業をおさめるもの。特に、大学に学ぶ者。大学生。\n\nFrom this it seems that 学生 is the more general term covering a wider range of\nstudents including those in the category of 生徒. As @naruto pointed out in the\ncomments, 学生 isn't quite as general as those definitions might leave one to\nthink (now I'm a bit disappointed in my dictionary). Apparently, 生徒 is the\nmore appropriate terms for a student taking a culinary class, or swimming\nlessons, or studying martial arts, and I would therefor imagine a number of\nother things.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T01:49:38.143",
"id": "48628",
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},
{
"body": "In the Japanese school system, it depends on whether you go to elementary\nschool, junior/high school, or university.\n\nKindergarten or daycare - 園児 \nElementary school - 児童 \nJunior high or high school - 生徒 \nUniversity - 学生\n\nSource:\n\n<https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/gimon/143.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T03:21:47.493",
"id": "48633",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T05:24:37.463",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-22T05:24:37.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22655",
"parent_id": "48626",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48626 | 48628 | 48627 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found this in a 小学校's tales book, the line is this\n\n> ごさくは、決して【けっして】ごはんを食べない **という** およめさんをもらいましたが...\n\nI want to know what is the full meaning but especially the use of という in that\ncontext (Is a Yokai \"horror\" story).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T02:03:51.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48629",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-22T02:33:01.860",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-22T02:07:28.270",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "19322",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Can someone help me with this basic sentence?",
"view_count": 93
} | [
{
"body": "It's the quotative particle と followed by a verb 言う. So one possible\ntranslation (a literal one) would be:\n\n> Gosaku married a woman who said she never ate meals, but ...\n\nBut という like this has a distinct meaning of \"allegedly\", \"reportedly\" or\n\"according to someone\". See [what is the difference between である ＆\nという](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33563/5010) . So another possible\ntranslation would be:\n\n> Gosaku married a woman who was claimed never to eat meals, but ...\n\nThe natural interpretation will depend on the context (in particular, whether\nshe was introduced to him by someone else in the villeage). But the difference\nof the two should not be important in the story line, anyway.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T02:33:01.860",
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| 48629 | null | 48630 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48634",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Seen on the internet. Looking around I see others guessing it might be a\ndifferent form of 本当っすか for 本当ですか, or maybe すこ for すき. Can anyone confirm?\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T02:55:11.350",
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"owner_user_id": "1097",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of すこ in ほんとすこ?",
"view_count": 2486
} | [
{
"body": "すこ is a recent slang word that means すき. ほんとすこ is \"I really love it\".\n\nFor some reason, young net users keep coining strange words by changing a\nsingle character. Another well-known example is [ぬこ, which just means\nねこ](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%81%AC%E3%81%93).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T03:25:14.687",
"id": "48634",
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{
"body": "To add to the reference part, you can look\n[here](https://kimu3.net/20170216/6593).\n\nBasically, like a lot of these internet slang, it was born from a single typo,\nin this case すこ instead of the intended すき. As people made fun of it as a\nmeme, it eventually became a part of the slang. Note that this type of\ninternet slang in known as なんJ語, being born from the なんでも実況J board on 2ch.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T22:41:54.247",
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| 48631 | 48634 | 48634 |
{
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"body": "When someone starts speaking to me in English I often want to effectively say\n\"Japanese is fine\".\n\nI usually blurt out 日本語でもいいです which I thought would mean \"in Japanese is also\nok\" but someone once told me I should say 日本語もいいです \"Japanese is also ok\".\n\nI interpret the first 日本語で as \"in Japanese\". A longer sentence might be\n\n> 英語で話しているけど日本語で話してもいいです \n> you are/I am speaking in English but speaking in Japanese is also ok\n\nwhich seems like it can be shortened to\n\n> 英語で話しているけど日本語 **でも** いいです \n> you are/I am speaking in English but in Japaneee is also ok\n\nvs\n\n> 英語で話しているけど日本語 **も** いいです \n> I am/you are speaking in English but Japanese is also ok\n\ndropping the で just seems to remove the \"in\" as in the \"way\" of speaking.\n\nis でも ok here or not?",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T04:04:53.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48635",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"particle-で",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "日本語でもいいです vs 日本語もいいです",
"view_count": 3619
} | [
{
"body": "> 1. 英語で話しているけど日本語 **でも** いいです \n> vs\n> 2. 英語で話しているけど日本語 **も** いいです\n>\n\nOnly the first phrase is corrent for your intention. The second one means\nquite another like: _You are speaking in English but your Japanese is also\ngood, you can also speak Japanese well or **your Japanese also sounds good_**.\n\n日本語 **も** いいです makes sense somehow, but it is not so natural. We don't use it\nto others.",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T05:37:13.063",
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| 48635 | null | 48638 |
{
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"body": "Yesterday, I [answered a\nquestion](https://anime.stackexchange.com/q/40950/12985) on the Anime SE site\nabout a consistency between Japanese audio and English subtitles.\n\nTo summarize:\n\nFrom what I could understand of the dialogue, the character in question was\nsaying\n\n> 2秒いないにまどから捨ててるな。\n\nWhich I tentatively translated as\n\n> [My argument] didn't last for two seconds before being thrown out [the\n> window].\n\n**Edit:** I have found [a clip on YouTube](https://youtu.be/_ziRxrHkg2o) of\nthe dialogue in question, that should hopefully not be region-locked. The\nphrase is at about 0:30. It could very well be the case that I misheard what\nwas being said, and that my question is way off-base.\n\nAfter performing a sentence search on jisho.org for similar phrases using 捨てる\nas well as a cursory Google search, I couldn't find any authoritative evidence\nthat the phrase 「まどから捨てる」 can be used in the same figurative sense as its\ntranslation can be in English, as in \"to dismiss something completely.\"\n\nMy question is, was this usage of the phrase atypical, even in Japanese? Or is\nit commonly known and used, and I have just been looking in the wrong places?",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T05:21:14.173",
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"id": "48637",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-22T12:23:41.820",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"phrases",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Figurative use of 「まどから捨てる」",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "> 2秒いないにまどから捨ててるな。\n\nSince I do not know the context, I do not know what is being discarded or\nthrown out the window. So, I would only be able to guess this sentence might\nimply either of the following two:\n\n * （私｛わたし｝は誰｛だれ｝かが）2秒[以内]｛いない｝に（それを）窓｛まど｝から捨｛す｝てていると推察｛すいさつ｝する。 \n_I guess someone is throwing it away from the window within two seconds._\n\n * （私｛わたし｝は誰｛だれ｝かが）2秒[以内]｛いない｝に（それを）窓｛まど｝から捨｛す｝てたと推察｛すいさつ｝する。 \n_I guess (someone) discarded it from the window within two seconds._\n\nI would not be able to infer a meaning like \"My argument did not last for two\nseconds before being thrown out the window.\" This is because the phrase\n\"窓から捨てる\" in Japanese is not generally an idiomatic expression compared to the\nEnglish \"threw it out the window.\"\n\nHowever, although I do not use such 「そんなつまらない議論は窓から捨てておけ」, I might possibly\nuse in a figurative sense like 「そんなつまらない議論は窓から放｛ほう｝り投げておけ or 放｛ほう｝り出しておけ」. The\nreason is that the latter phrase has a stronger sense of volitionally throwing\nsomething out the window as far as possible whereas the former does not have\nthat sense.\n\n「窓｛まど｝から何｛なに｝かを捨｛す｝てる」のはあまり良｛よ｝い行為｛こうい｝とは思｛お｝いませんが、「窓｛まど｝から捨｛す｝てる」は日本語｛にほんご｝では特別｛とくべつ｝の表現｛ひょうげん｝ではなく、普通｛ふつう｝の表現｛ひょうげん｝です。 \n\"窓｛まど｝から何｛なに｝かを捨｛す｝てる _Throwing something from the window_ \" is not a very\ngood act, but \"窓｛まど｝から捨｛す｝てる\" is not a special expression in Japanese, it is\nan ordinary expression.\n\nたとえば次｛つぎ｝のような用例｛ようれい｝があります。 \nYou have the following examples using 「窓｛まど｝から捨｛す｝てる」:\n\n * 「走｛はし｝っている車｛くるま｝の窓｛まど｝からごみを捨｛す｝てていけません」 \n_\"You can not throw garbage out of the window of a running car.\"_\n\n * 「窓｛まど｝から何｛なに｝かを捨｛す｝てると、それが外｛そと｝を歩｛ある｝いている人｛ひと｝に当｛あ｝たると危険｛きけん｝です。」 \n_\"Throwing something from the window is dangerous if it strikes someone\nwalking outside.\"_",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T06:25:22.607",
"id": "48640",
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{
"body": "窓から投げ捨てる is a slangy and joking expression which basically means \"to throw\naway (something shitty)\", \"to abandon\". ～を窓から投げ捨てろ is particularly common. I\nwould call this a set phrase, although I don't know who firstly said it. I\nbelieve this phrase is at least 15 years old.\n\n> Windowsマシンを窓から投げ捨てろ! Macを買え!\n\nThis is almost always used with tangible shitty products which you can\nphysically throw away. Usually people don't use this phrase in the sense of\n議論を却下する. Maybe someone misheard something, but I don't know what's going on\nwithout actually seeing the episode.",
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| 48637 | 48645 | 48645 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48642",
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"body": "Professor A asked you to go to his room.\n\n> A先生があなたを先生の部屋に行ってほしいです。\n\nIs it OK? I feel it is not quite natural.\n\nSimilarly, how to say \"Professor A hopes you can concentrate on the XX\nresearch.\"\n\n> A先生があなたをXX研究に集中してほしいです。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T05:49:03.570",
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"id": "48639",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "22657",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is the use \"ほしい” appropriate in these sentences?",
"view_count": 253
} | [
{
"body": "Your sentences are not quite grammatical for the following reasons.\n\n * To describe a third person's desire, you must use 欲しがる instead of 欲しい. See: [When to use 欲しがる instead of 欲しい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2524/5010)\n * The person actually performing the action (aka _agent_ ) must be marked with に instead of を. あなた **を** 欲しがっている in Japanese is acceptable only in sexual, headhunting or flesh-trading contexts.\n * You perhaps want to use は instead of が in your second example because the desire of A先生 is probably not temporary in this case. See: [Can someone explain me the use of は and が in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/43213/5010) and [Why does 「電話は切れた」 sound more adversarial than 「電話が切れた」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38639/5010)\n\nAfter fixing them, you'll get:\n\n> * A先生があなたに先生の部屋に行って欲しがっています。\n> * A先生はあなたにXX研究に集中して欲しがっています。\n>",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T06:50:46.307",
"id": "48642",
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"body": "Although naruto covered the grammatical aspects, I disagree with his answer\ninsofar as I don't think 欲しい/欲しがる would be used in these cases.\n\nFor your first sentence, my choice of phrasing would depend on whether it's\nimportant to explicitly mention the room. If it isn't, then a simple\n\n> A先生があなたを呼んでいます。(\"Professor A is asking for you.\")\n\nIf mentioning the room is important, then something along the lines of\n\n> A先生は研究室へ行くようにとおっしゃっていました。(\"Professor A said you have to go to his office.\")\n\n(Adjusting the ◯◯室 as appropriate for the actual type of room; 部屋 is likely to\nbe misinterpreted as the professor's apartment).\n\nIn your second example, I'd favour the てもらう construction:\n\n> A先生はあなたにXX研究に集中してもらいたいとおっしゃっていました。(\"Professor A said he wants you to focus\n> on (the) XX research.\")\n\nObviously, this differs a lot from your initial attempts, but I think it's\nunlikely that 欲しい/欲しがる would be used in the situations presented in your\nsentences.\n\nThere are, of course, a number of possible ways to express the general idea,\nbut the ones I present here are the ones I come across in the workplace on a\nregular basis (substituting an upper level manager for the professor).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T14:25:16.980",
"id": "48655",
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| 48639 | 48642 | 48642 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What does なおも mean in the following sentence?\n\n> 夜の十一時を過ぎるというのに、街は下品な化粧を塗りたくり、 **なおも** 喧騒に溢れていた 。\n\nCan't find a definition on jisho.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T06:26:35.483",
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"owner_user_id": "9857",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does なおも mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 294
} | [
{
"body": "When I put なおも喧騒 into google translate it says: \"still noisy\", so I take it to\nmean \"still.\" Best I could find.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T05:01:34.797",
"id": "48673",
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{
"body": "\"In addition to that\" is the best meaning for that in that sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-10T07:52:13.977",
"id": "50243",
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"body": "夜の十一時を過ぎるというのに、なおも喧騒に溢れていた 。\n\nなおも＝still",
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| 48641 | null | 50243 |
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"body": "A: 課長、すみません。お願いがあるのですが、少々お時間よろしいですか。\n\n昨日、ビジネスマナーのセミナーの案内が来ました / 案内を受けとりました。仕事に必要なことを教えてもらえるので、参加したいのですが…。\nセミナーの場所が遠く、費用も高いので、会社の費用で行かせていただけませんか。\n\nB: ああ、費用は本当に高いね。これを会社で出してもらえるとは思えないなあ。\n\nA: ……。では半額だけ **でも** 会社が費用を出してくれるといいのですが…。残りは / もう半分は私が出しますので。\n\nB: じゃあ / では、そうしよう。\n\nI marked it in bold. This is a composition of mine where I received some\nfeedback/corrections on a forum. I'm not sure about this でも. does it mean \"or\nsomething\" here? \"The company pays only half the sum or something...\" ?",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"reading-comprehension",
"particle-でも"
],
"title": "What is this でも",
"view_count": 170
} | [
{
"body": "でも can be used in a few ways as you can see in the dictionary, but the one you\nare looking for now is **even/also**.\n\nBasically, he is saying that\n\n> **even** half the amount would be appreciated. \n> half the amount would **also** be appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T07:23:26.170",
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"body": "According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> で-も ㊁〘副助詞〙 \n> ❽ 《少量を表す語について》肯定表現で、せめてそのくらいの意を表す。「少し **でも** 分けてやりたい」\n\nThe でも in your example means \"at least\".\n\n半額だけ **でも** = just half the amount, _at least_.\n\nAn example from Shogakukan's Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary:\n\n> １巻だけ **でも** 印刷したらよかったのに。 \n> We should have printed the first volume, _at least_.",
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| 48644 | null | 48646 |
{
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"body": "I'm in Tokyo. I want to ask my friend if he's coming to Tokyo. In English it\nis natural to say \"Will you come to Tokyo?\", not \"Will you go to Tokyo\", as I\nuse my own location as the reference point. But how is this in Japanese? Do I\nsay\n\n> 東京に来ますか\n\nor\n\n> 東京に行きますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T08:58:46.873",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"direction"
],
"title": "Will you come or go to my location?",
"view_count": 137
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{
"body": "In this situation, you can say 東京に来ます(か)?. However if you say it to your\nfriends, 東京に来る? would be natural.東京に行きますか wouldn't be natural.\n\nIn this situation, your friends shouldn't say 東京に来る but 東京に行く as the answer,\nthough they seem to be able to say \"I will come to Tokyo\" in English.",
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"body": "Your scenario is the same as the Scenario #2 below. You are talking with a\nperson A and want to ask whether the person A is moving toward you.\n\nThis video explains with animations: [I'll come or I'll\ngo?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpKPOrjuMcg&ab_channel=ShiroNekoJapanese)\n\nBasically,\n\n> KURU/KIMASU - Someone or something is moving toward you or whoever the\n> speaker is\n>\n> IKU/IKIMASU - Someone or something is moving AWAY from you or whoever the\n> speaker is. When you are the speaker, you will still be moving away from\n> yourself(the speaker) or your current position by \"going somehwere\"\n\n## Scenario 1:\n\nIn this scenario, you are talking with A about \"B coming\" to you (B moving\ntoward you). In English, you'd say \"B comes\" because B is moving toward the\nspeaker, which is you, the white cat in the picture. It's the same thing in\nJapanese, so you'd call B's action as \"KIMASU\" because B is moving toward the\nspeaker. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/zHccd.jpg)\n\n## Scenario 2:\n\nIn this scenario, you are talking with A about A's action. In English, you'd\nask \"Will you come?\" because you want to know whether A will be coming toward\nyou, the speaker (the white cat in the picture). It's the same thing in\nJapanese, so you'd call A's action as \"KIMASU\" because A is moving toward the\nspeaker. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DBVuM.jpg)\n\n## Scenario 3:\n\nIn this scenario, you are talking with A about you going to the third person,\nB. You are moving away, so you'd tell A \"I'll go (to B)\" in English. Again,\nit's the same thing in Japanese, you are moving away from the speaker, which\nis yourself, the white cat in the picture, so you'd call your own action as\n\"IKIMASU\" [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/liADF.jpg)\n\n## Scenario 4:\n\nIn this scenario, you are talking with A about you going to A. In English,\n\"come\" is used when you are moving toward the person you are talking to, so\nyou'd say \"I'll come (to you)\". BUT, in Japanese, it doesn't matter where you\nare moving to. It doesn't matter that you are moving toward the person you are\ntalking to. As long as you are moving away from the speaker, which is\nyourself, the white cat in the picture, you'd call your action as \"IKIMASU\".\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lvz4x.jpg)\n\nHope this helps.",
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"creation_date": "2020-12-01T17:06:01.307",
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| 48649 | 48650 | 48650 |
{
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"body": "For context, see this document:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/uHP3GDN/img-20170622-0001-new.pdf.html>\n\nCounted upwards from the bottom of the text, it is sentence 4. でも、学校は6時\n**からって** **なってますが** 、仕事のほうは大丈夫ですか。\n\nSo, contentwise, I guess his boss asks him wether it will be okay if this\nseminar starts at 6 o clock. But I'm so irritated by the morphology of the\nwords in bold and their placement in the sentence, I can't tell what they do\ngrammarwise Oo\n\nFirst, からって. I just learned about て and って being able to mark a quote in place\nof と. \nWhatever, in this case って in からって is a quotation marker, right? Well, then\nwhat for christs sakke is なってますが ? Oo I once learned that まして is possible to\nbe more polite, but I've NEVER before encountered て form followed by ます Oo\nFurthermore, I don't know what this て form in なってますが does grammarwise. I can't\nsee it acting as a connector here, but I can't see how it should be a second\nquotation either Oo\n\nFinally, I also have problems with the meaning of 仕事のほう. I currently would say\nits something along the lines of \"the field of work\". At least I can't find\nany other translation on jisho for ほう which would be suitable in this context.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T11:00:22.150",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "I can't recognize anything in this sentence",
"view_count": 261
} | [
{
"body": "> でも、学校は6時 **からって なってますが** 、仕事のほうは大丈夫ですか。\n\nThere are some ommiting phrases and a colloquialism in the given sentence.\nLet's look at them one by one.\n\n * でも、 _However/But/Though/Although_\n * 学校は６時 **からって** is 学校は６時 **から** （始{はじ}まる） **と** \n_the seminar/class/(school) starts at six_ \nThe change from からと to からって is a colloquialism, which is said by Philippe in\nthe comment.\n\n * なってます is （規則｛きそく｝/規程｛きてい｝で）なっています or （パンプレットに）書｛か｝いてあります \n_determined by the rules_ , _written in the brochure_ or _according to the\nbrochure_\n\n * が、 が is like けど, which often connects contrasting clauses, but in this case, it can just connect two clauses that do not contrast. \n * 仕事 **の方** は is 仕事 **について** は _as for your job_\n * 大丈夫ですか is (勤務｛きんむ｝時間帯｛じかんたい｝は）大丈夫ですか or 勤務｛きんむ｝時間帯｛じかんたい｝は学校｛がっこう｝の授業｛じゅぎょう｝時間帯｛じかんたい｝と重｛かさ｝なりませんか \n_is the working hours / working time zone OK?_\n\nAs for the whole meaning of the given sentence is like:\n\n> _However, as for your job, is the working hours OK because the seminar\n> starts at six according to the brochure?_",
"comment_count": 11,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T13:00:58.857",
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| 48651 | 48653 | 48653 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48727",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "These excerpts are from the lyrics of the music 迷子犬と雨のビート by ASIAN KUNG-FU\nGENERATION:\n\n 1. 連なるウィンドウに並び立つ人形の悪い夢\n 2. それとも倉庫に隠れて塞いでいたって\n 3. 埃だけ被って見つからない\n 4. 誰の手にだって触れられない\n\nWho is having the bad dream? Is it a dream about dolls or is it the dolls that\nare dreaming? Then the second line continues saying that something (the\nnarrator or the dolls?) was forcibly hidden in a warehouse. Is this a exemple\nanother type of bad dream or it is still talking about the dolls?\n\nThe third and fourth lines seems easier, as it just says that whatever was\nhidden in the warehouse is gathering dust and being hidden from sight (cannot\nbe found) and that it will not be able to touch anyone's hands. Is my\nassumption correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T11:22:12.027",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T00:13:32.633",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Who is the subject and object in this sentence?",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "While I admire your persistence in rephrasing your question, the reason you\nhaven't gotten an answer is because there simply isn't sufficient context to\ndo so.\n\nEven after skimming through the full lyrics, I can't give a definite answer,\nonly my impression, which could be off the mark. If your level of Japanese is\nup to it, you might have better luck asking on Japanese sites such as\n[Yahoo!知恵袋](https://chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/), fan sites for the band, or maybe\nsites for the 四畳半神話大系 for which it's the theme song.\n\nAt any rate, I have the impression that the passage you quote is mentioning\ndolls that are either lined up in a series of windows having a bad dream, or\nhidden away in a warehouse, obstructed by other objects and gathering dust, to\nbe touched by no one.\n\nIt is, however, entirely possible that the speaker is the one having bad\ndreams about the dolls.\n\nThe only point I can be sure of is that the final 触れられない is a passive form,\nnot a potential one, so whatever is gathering dust in the warehouse will not\n**be touched** by anyone's hand rather than not **be able to touch** anyone's\nhand.\n\nHope that helps.",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-25T10:04:44.330",
"id": "48727",
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"body": "To interpret Lyrics are sometimes difficult because they sometimes have some\nmetaphors and ambiguous phrases.\n\nI think there are some interpretations. My interpretation is as follows.\n\nThis 人形 may be a metaphor of human. The first line would be able to interpret\nas \"having a bad dream is dolls\" or \" the bad dream about dolls\". After the\nsecond line was talked about the dolls. I translated them as \"Or being\ndepressed hidden in the warehouse, you can't be found with gathering dust, not\nbeing touched by anyone\". This wouldn't be related to the bad dream.",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-25T17:06:22.617",
"id": "48744",
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"body": "The key is that the speaker/singer is (symbolically) one of the dolls lost in\nthe display windows or the storehouse, and so is the person being sung to.\n\nDoes that help?\n\n(To clarify this, I'm claiming this as a literary interpretation -- going by\nthe rendition of at least one version where it is used as the opening theme of\nthe _anime_. I would not argue if only the person being sung to is one of the\ndolls, however.\n\nAlso, without such an interpretation, the lyrics do seem to lack a real\ncohesiveness.)",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-26T03:56:16.743",
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| 48652 | 48727 | 48727 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48658",
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"body": "I'm having some trouble identifying a pattern/rule in the pitch accent for\nmonths.\n\nFor example, the 4-mora, 2-kanji 三月 is HLLL (頭高) while 六月、七月、八月、十月 are LHHH\n(平板/尾高). (As is usually the case.)\n\nFor 二月,\n[OJAD](http://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ojad/search/index/sortprefix:accent/narabi1:kata_asc/narabi2:accent_asc/narabi3:mola_asc/yure:visible/curve:invisible/details:invisible/limit:20/word:%E5%9B%9B%E6%9C%88)\nstates it is HLL (頭高) while\n[NHK](https://www.amazon.co.jp/NHK%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BA%E9%9F%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8-%E6%96%B0%E7%89%88-NHK%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80/dp/4140111127/)\nstates it is LHH (平板/尾高). My native speaker girlfriend says that both are\nfine, but she also says 四月 as HLL (頭高), while both dictionaries claim it is\nLHH.\n\nAre the pronunciations of these words just super flexible? If so, is there\nsome simple rule of thumb I can follow?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T13:48:35.793",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "Pitch accent of months?",
"view_count": 679
} | [
{
"body": "> 二月 HLL(me) LHH(NHK) \n> 二月四日 HLL(me) ≧ LHH(me)\n>\n> 四月 HLL(me) LHH(NHK) \n> 四月四日 HLL(me) ≧ LHH(me)\n\nI'm a native and I live in Yokohama since about 50 years ago.\n\nI noticed two things:\n\n 1. The names of the two months concerned have only one syllable. Confusion may likely occur between them when spoken with a small voice or low pitch at the biginning like LHH. Therefore, we seem to become to speak them naturally with loud voice or with high pitch at the beginning of them like in HLL even both pronunciations are allowed.\n\n 2. The pitch is different when saying only the name of the month and when saying the month and the date together. \nEven in the latter case, I think that the previous noticing is involved. For\nexample, when 二月四日 is pronounced, 二月 is usually known in the conversation, so\nwhat you only have to listen to clearly is 四日. Therefore, 二月 may be allowed to\nbe pronounced lightly. So if two pronunciations are allowed, 二月 may be\npronounced in LHH pitches, which is sometimes hard to listen to.\n\nBy the way, although 四月 is claimed to be pronounced as LHH in both\ndictionaries, I think that this is a phonologist's preferred expression, and I\nusually pronounce the word expressed by this mark **flatly** without placing\nan accent anywhere with my intention like **LLL** not like HHH.\n\n* * *\n\n## Bonus\n\nIn my answer I wrote that in order to clearly convey one-syllable words, we\ndevise to pronounce them in a loud voice or we put a pitch accent on the\nstarting point of the word like HLL, even it is claimed to be pronouced in LHH\nor flatly.\n\nI think that this device is applied to the Japanese who speak with standard\npronunciation and accent including myself, but I would like to introduce\ndifferent measures that the Kansai dialect takes so that one-syllable words\ncould be heard more clearly.\n\nWhen the Kansai people pronounce a one-syllable word like \"[木]{ki} _tree_ \",\n\"[酢]{su} _vinegar_ \" or \"[手]{te} _hand_ \", instead of placing an high pitch\naccent at the begininng of it, they would enlong the vowel and add the same\nvowel after the enlonged one like 酢 _suh-u_.\n\nThe way to pronounce it is to lower the pitch gradually from the begining of\nthe word to the enlonged vowel and to raise the pitch suddenly at the lastly\nadded vowel. In this way, they pronouce a one-syllable word as much as two to\nthree times long.\n\nBy doing this, enough time could be secured for listeners to hear the\npronounced one-syllable word. I think the Kansai people are clever.\n\nI do not know why, but regarding the pronunciation of 二月 and 四月, I think that\nthe Kansai dialect does not use its good device.",
"comment_count": 11,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T15:44:36.910",
"id": "48658",
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"body": "You can try FORVO for checking the pronounciation\n<https://forvo.com/word/%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88/#ja>\n\nThree of four speakers pronounce 二月 as LHH, and one (from the US) pronounces\nit as HLL.\n\nAs a rule of thumb 月 (gatsu) and 日 (nichi) are 尾高 when they follow accented\nnumber, and 頭高 when they follow nonaccented number (3,5,9) (9 is considered\nnonaccented only as く, when it's きゅう it's considered accented).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2021-07-08T19:38:51.610",
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| 48654 | 48658 | 48658 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48683",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I hope I got the terminology right, here is the case I want to ask about:\n\nIn an exercise, I have to find out what the protagonists say in which\nsituation. The situation is described in a short sentence. Here is the\nsentence in question:\n\n社員研修の制度が利用できない **か** 聞くとき \"When he asks if it wouldn't be possible to use the\nemployee training program...\"\n\nWhat bothers me is the sole か. If I remember correctly, for indirect/embedded\nquestions, か alone is used only if a question word is contained in the\nrespective clause, like なん or どう. I can't see something like that being the\ncase here, so I'd expect か どうか here. My textbook never taught me wether this\n\"rule\" gives you any leeway in omitting the どうか even though there's no such\nquestion word. Or maybe I misinterprete something here.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T15:24:48.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "indirect question",
"view_count": 467
} | [
{
"body": "Are you sure there isn't either a と or an を missing after the か that is\nbothering you? That's the part that bothers me in your sentence.\n\nBut at any rate, the use of か by itself in cases like this is quite common,\nmore so than かどうか which tends to be used in cases involving a binary \"either\n... or\" choice, often to emphasize the fact that it's only one or the other.\nYour sentence would certainly work with かどうか in that respect, but I think that\nit would be overkill here given the broader context of the conversation that\ngoes with this exercise, which you posted in a separate question. The focus\nisn't on whether the company training assistance programme can or cannot be\nused, but on the willingness of the speaker's boss to let him use that\nprogramme.\n\nIn more open-ended questions such as どれを選べばいいか迷ってる, or どこから始めたらいいかさっぱりわからない,\nfor example, you couldn't use かどうか.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T13:21:47.727",
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| 48656 | 48683 | 48683 |
{
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"body": "そうだったのオレはてっきり\n\nTranslation: I was right, there's no mistaking it",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T15:40:53.353",
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"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Is this correct?",
"view_count": 248
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{
"body": "そうだったの means \"Is that so!\", \"Now I understand\". This phrase ～だと思った probably\nwould follow after オレはてっきり. So it means \"I certainly thought that ～\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-22T16:37:03.037",
"id": "48660",
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| 48657 | null | 48660 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48661",
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"body": "文脈は次のとおりです。SOS団全員が孤島で夏休みの一部を過ごすように誘われました。舞台は森さんと新木さん、それぞれ孤島の主のメイドさんと執事がSOS団のみんなを最寄りの港で出迎えにきました。自家用船に乗るちょうと前のシーンです。\n\n>\n> (ハルヒ)「それでこそ孤島よね！半時と言わず、何時間でも行っちゃっていいわ。絶海の孤島があたしの求める状況だもの。キョン、みくるちゃん、あんたたちももっと喜びなさい。孤島には館があって、怪しい執事とメイドさんまでいるのよ。そんな島は日本中を探してもあと二つぐらいしかないに違いないわ。」 \n> (キョン) 二つもねえよ。 \n> (朝比奈みくる)「わ、わあ。すごいですね・・・・・楽しみだなあ」 \n> (キョンの思い)\n> 棒読みで口ごもる朝比奈さんはいいとして、本人を目の前にして「怪しい」という形容詞をつけるハルヒの口は無礼極まる。しかし言われた方もニコヤカに微笑んでいるので、もしや本当に怪しいのかもしれない。 \n> まあ、怪しいのはこのシチュエーション全体であるし、怪しさにかけてはSOS団も人後に落ちないので **お前が言うなの世界**\n> かもしれないが、何もこうまでハルヒを有頂天にさせる筋書きにならなくてもよさそうなものだ。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-22T16:00:02.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48659",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"interpretation"
],
"title": "「お前が言うなの世界」をどのように解釈すればいいのですか。",
"view_count": 387
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{
"body": "「お前が言うな」は、自分のことを棚に上げて、人を非難する人に言います。例えば、自分も遅刻したくせに、他人の遅刻を非難したときに、「お前が言うな」とその人に対して言います。お前が言うなの世界とは、そういう状況を指していると思います。\n\n今回の例は、ハルヒが、自分たち(SOS団)も十分怪しいのに、執事とメイドに対して怪しいと言ったことが、「お前が言うな」という事で、そのような世界、状況という事です。\n\n「お前が言う世界」は、お前が言う(you describe, you think, you say about)世界です。",
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"body": "お前が言うな is a slangy set phrase which is loved by otaku. This phrase is so\ncommon that there's even a shortened form, おまいう/おまゆう.\n\n * [お前が言うな/おまゆう](http://www.paradisearmy.com/doujin/paso_omaega.htm)\n * [お前が言うなって英語でなんて言うの？](http://eikaiwa.dmm.com/uknow/questions/13908/)\n\nSo what's \"the world of お前が言うな\"? As a _tsukkomi_ character, the protagonist\nhas encountered similar situations so often that he felt there were even\nお前が言うなの世界, just as there are the typical ミステリーの世界, the typical ファンタジーの世界 and\nso on. So 世界 in this context roughly means \"stereotype\", \"typical situation\"\nor something like that. If a member of SOS団 points out someone is bizarre,\nsuch a situation should belong to \"the world of お前が言うな\", because SOS団 is\nundoubtedly a group of bizarre people.",
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"body": "「お前が言うなの世界」という表現は、「お前が言うな」という命令形の文が「世界」を修飾したものです。連体形ではない普通の文がそのまま名詞を修飾するのは例外的で、話し言葉の中で臨時的に使われることが多いです（[「の」in「お嫁さんにしたいの好き」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16020/7810)）。\n\n * **「お前が言うな」** \nこれは、「他人のことを非難している人が自分も同じようなことをしている」ということを指摘する決まり文句です。英語で言うと \"Look who's\ntalking!\" ということです。\n\n * **「世界」** は、ここでは「境地」「局面」という意味で使われています。英語で言うと、\"world\" よりも \"arena, level, setting, category\" の方が近いと思います。辞書にははっきりと載っていませんが、比較的よく使われる意味です。\n\n> 短距離走は0.1秒を争う **世界** だ。\n>\n> どのテキストエディタが最も優れているかという議論は、もはや水かけ論の **世界** だ。\n>\n> 今度の試験は難しすぎて、合格者でも2問解けるかどうかの **世界** だった。\n\nなお、「お前が言うな」と「世界」の関係は同格 (appositive) です。\n\n> （怪しさにかけては……）お前が言うなの世界かもしれない \n> (when it comes to how much suspicious...) _it may be (in) a field of \"look\n> who's talking\"_ \n> ≈ _\"it may belongs to look-who's-talking class (of problem)\"_ \n> ≈ _\"(we) may count it as a look-who's-talking issue\"_ \n> ≈ _\"(we) should perhaps think it on a look-who's-talking basis\"_",
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| 48659 | 48661 | 48662 |
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"body": "> 部活ならまだしも、サークルにまで顧問がいたら先生が何人いても足りない\n\nthe latter part is talking about how there aren't enough teachers for every\ncircle to have an adviser, but the \"rather; better\" definition of まだしも doesn't\nmake sense here.\n\nIt has already been established that clubs have more stature than circles for\ncontext.",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of まだしも in this sentence",
"view_count": 313
} | [
{
"body": "Xならまだしも means \"If it were [only] X, that could be coped with, but [something\nmore is involved]\". As a translation, I'd suggest \"X would be one thing, but Y\non top . . .\" How about: \"If it were just the clubs, that would be one thing,\nbut if advisers were extended to the circles as well, no matter how many\nteachers there were there wouldn't be enough\"",
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| 48664 | 48665 | 48665 |
{
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"body": "> 東京消防庁は、今も法律に違反しているマンションが３０２あるため、早く **法律のとおり** にするように言っています。 \n> Even now, because there are 302 apartment blocks which are breaking the\n> law, Tokyo fire department are telling people to quickly _decide on the\n> law's street_.\n\nI can't figure out at all what the fire department are telling people to do. I\ndid a Google search for the phrase \"法律のとおり\" (in quotes) and only got 3 hits.",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 法律のとおり",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "It's not とおり meaning \"street\". This とおり means \"in accordance with\". For\nexample: 思ったとおり \"as I thought\", おっしゃったとおり \"as you said\", そのとおりです \"that's the\nway it is\", \"that's right\" (= そうです but a bit more formal), 次のとおり \"as follows\".\n\nSo 法律のとおりにする means \"make it in accordance with the law\", that is \"bring it in\nline with the law\"",
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| 48666 | 48668 | 48668 |
{
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"body": "The sentence is this one:\n\n> おむすびがころころ転が **り** 穴におちてしまいました\n\nWhy is it 転がり instead of 転がる?\n\nAlso for a bonus question, I read in this forum site that てしまう means to make\nemphasis on the ending of the action or for some embarrassing situation. Which\nis the meaning on that example?",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Why this verb isn't in the dictionary form?",
"view_count": 155
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{
"body": "To answer the first question, it is not in dictionary form because in formal\nJapanese, or generally often in writing, it is customary to connect two\nsentences using the \"pre-masu form\" that is, the -masu form without the ”ます”\n(for example: 食べる → 食べ、 行く → 行き、 and in your case 転がる -> 転がり).\n\nSo in your case you could see this as the equivalent of putting an \"and\" after\nthe verb in English.\n\nTo answer the second question, as pointed out in a comment one way of thinking\nabout the -てしまう form sometimes is to see it as \"Ended up...\". Moreover in this\ncase we could imagine that \"falling down a hole\" represents a somehow\nundesirable situation since after that point the rice ball might be lost. This\nhowever, might depend on the context of course.",
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| 48667 | 48671 | 48671 |
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"body": "I came across \"2人して\" recently and am wondering about the function/translation\nof the \"して\" in this case. Is it maybe similar to \"同士\"? If someone could\nexplain this usage to me I would appreciate it, thank you",
"comment_count": 2,
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "number + counter + して?",
"view_count": 35
} | []
| 48672 | null | null |
{
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"body": "I'm reading the Re:zero light novel, volume 9. The second sentence in the book\nis\n\n> 水の中を漂うような、上下左右も曖昧な世界に投げ込まれている\n\nWhat is 水の中を漂うような modifying? And I don't understand the meaning of 上下左右.",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T05:35:31.160",
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "I need help with this sentence from Re:zero",
"view_count": 162
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{
"body": "* 水の中を漂うような modifies 世界. → \"the world where I feel like drifting in water\"\n * 上下左右【じょうげさゆう】 is simply \"上下や左右\" or \"up, down, right and left.\" → \"the world where even (the distinction between) up, down, right and left is vague\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T05:52:27.317",
"id": "48675",
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"body": "> 水の中を漂うような、上下左右も曖昧な世界に投げ込まれている\n\n**水の中を漂うような** _like drifting in the water_ \" is a metaphorical expression\nclose to the astronaut's \" **無｛む｝重力｛じゅうりょく｝の空中｛くうちゅう｝に漂うような** _like drifting\nin the air/sky of weightlessness_ \", where you cant't distiguish the\n360-degree direction.\n\n**上下左右** is a set phrase that describes every direction, all directions or\n360-degree direction. \nSo **上下左右も曖昧な** means _ambiguous in 360-degree directions_.\n\n**世界に投げ込まれている** is （誰｛だれ｝かが/何｛なに｝かが）世界に投げ込まれている, which means\n_(Somebody/something) is thrown into the world_.\n\n> What is 水の中を漂うような modifying?\n\nThere are three possible answers as:\n\nAnswer 1. （水の中を漂うような＋上下左右も曖昧な） → **世界** に投げ込まれている \nAnswer 2. （水の中を漂うような＋上下左右も） → **曖昧な** 世界に投げ込まれている \nAnswer 3. （水の中を漂うような→ **上下左右も曖昧な** ）→ 世界に投げ込まれている\n\nI think this is not a question of Japanese but depends on how the reader, you\nor me, interprets the given sentence.\n\nAnswer 1 is \"水の中を漂うような\" modifies \"世界\" in parallel with \"上下左右も曖昧な\". I choose\nthis one.\n\nAnswer 2 is \"水の中を漂うような\" modifies \"曖昧 _ambiguous_ \" in parallel with \"上下左右\".\n\"水の中を漂うような曖昧な世界\" makes sense and is relatively natural. In truth, I would like\nto change my former answer for this one if the phrase were \"水の中を漂うよう **に** \"\nwhich is grammatically correct.\n\nAnswer 3 is that \"水の中を漂うような\" modifies \"上下左右も曖昧な\" to make the figurative\nexpression of \"上下左右も曖昧な\" more concretely imagined by writing another\nexpression similar to it.\n\nAs I said before, I do not think there is a fixed answer. Which one do you\nchoose?",
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| 48674 | null | 48675 |
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"body": "I accidentally typed \"zh\" using the Japanese IME on macOS Sierra.\nSurprisingly, \"zh\" turned into a \"←\" character! Why does it do this? I would\nhave expected it to produce just \"zh\", like it does with other two consecutive\nconsonants: \"kr\" is \"kr\", \"mn\" is \"mn\". Why is \"zh\" a left arrow?\n\nI did some guessing and thought that the \"h\" must stand for 左, that's why it's\na left arrow and not a right one. Then I tried \"zm\", thinking that it would\ngive me a right arrow because \"m\" stands for 右, it _didn't_.\n\nI am so confused. What does \"zh\" stand for? Why a left arrow? How do I do a\nright one?\n\nNote: the left arrow is U+2190 \"LEFTWARDS ARROW\"",
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"tags": [
"words",
"input-method"
],
"title": "Why does the IME give me \"←\" when I type \"zh\"?",
"view_count": 3306
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{
"body": "I can't tell you about the wherefore but that seems to be a shortcut\nassociated with the letter z + hjkl-directional keys. Moreover this doesn't\nwork with all IME (but it can be reproduced with Google IME, you can try that\non Google Translate website)\n\n [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/P9tGo.jpg)\n\nI dug a bit more and here a list of keys that goes with the `z`-mod key.\n\n * ZH ← （左矢印）\n * ZJ ↓ （下矢印）\n * ZK ↑ （上矢印）\n * ZL → （右矢印）\n * Z,（コンマ） ‥ （二点リーダ）\n * Z.（ピリオド） … （三点リーダ）\n * Z/ ・ （中点）\n * Z[ 『 （始め二重かぎ括弧）\n * Z] 』 （終わり二重かぎ括弧）\n * Z- ～ （波ダッシュ）\n\n[Source](http://daredemopc.blog51.fc2.com/blog-entry-561.html)",
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| 48679 | 48680 | 48680 |
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"body": "First I'm kinda confused. I'm concerned if these 2 questions bring the same\nnuance or not... \"Isn't he young?\" and \"He is not young? / He isn't young?\".\nBoth sounds quite different on how they imply the speaker's perspective.\n\nI believe that these 2 questions are different...\n\n> 彼は医者じゃない? 彼は医者なんじゃない?\n>\n> 授業がない? 授業があるんじゃない?\n\nThe former just asked \"He is not a doctor?\" and \"There is no class?\", which\nimply that the speaker wanted to clarify the negative situation.\n\nThe latter is explanatory seeking. \"Isn't he a doctor? (I thought he is!)\" and\n\"Isn't there a class? (I thought there is!)\" imply that the speaker wanted to\nclarify that their first stimuli received are wrong.\n\nHere comes い adj.\n\n> 臭くない?\n\nHere the guy is asking \"Isn't it Smelly? (It's stinky!)\", more like \"It's\nstinky, right? (asking for the listener's agreement).\n\n> 怖くないの?\n\nthis is translated as \"you aren't scared?\"\n\nand furthermore if I add の after じゃない, what changes?\n\n> 授業があるんじゃない vs 授業があるんじゃないの\n\ndoes the latter just mean more explanatory seeking?\n\nThe whole ordeal confuses me. **If indeed those 2 questions at the beginning\ndiffer** , can someone explain to me every formula in constructing negative\nquestions with/without の that gives out specific nuances?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions",
"no-da"
],
"title": "Negative questions + の",
"view_count": 263
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{
"body": "The の particle here is the explanation particle, it gives an emphasis and\nfurther wish of explaining from the person who answers, I think it makes the\nquestion a bit stronger cause you just don't want an answer, you want a proper\nexplanation.\n\n> パーティーに行かない？（Paatii ni ikanai?) Are you not going to the party?\n>\n> パーティーに行かないの？（Paatii ni ikanai no?) Are you not going the party? (explain to\n> me why)\n\nYou can also abbreviate の with ん, for instance:\n\n> 彼女が好きじゃないんだ？(Kanojo ga suki janain da?) Don't you like her? (why)\n\nNow, I'm not 100% sure when it comes to questions, but for affirmatives when I\nuse んだ, なんだよ people often say to me that it makes the sentence too strong, and\nit doesn't always fit. Something like.\n\n> 今日、大学に行かないんだよ (kyou, daigaku ni ikanain da yo) I'm not going to college\n> today!!!",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T12:46:08.117",
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"body": "Correct me if I'm wrong but の is an informal way of using か, I mean as a\nquestion, instead of using ですか or か you can use の, also when you can use it in\na negative way: adjないの? It means aren't you (hungry,scared,etc).\n\nI would say that the meaning depends of the context, like many things in\njapanese, also If is a conversation you have to pay attention to the\nintonation to get what the speaker is trying to communicate.",
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"body": "Questions of のだ forms mean that you are trying to confirm if your judgement\nfrom your observation is true or not, opposed to simple questions.\n\nFor example, simple くれる？ means that your are asking someone to give something\nwhile くれるの？ means that the opponent seems giving it and you are confirming if\nhe's really doing.\n\nNegative questions are basically parallel too. 怖くないの？ means that you first\ncaught a sign that told the opponent was not scared. That part is the\ndifference.\n\nAs for your examples, both 彼は医者じゃない? and 彼は医者なんじゃない? can mean either that you\nare guessing that he is a doctor or that you are surprised at the fact that he\nis not a doctor. This is because if he's doctor or not is a permanent state\nunlike if someone is scared at the moment. The examples of 授業 are parallel\ntoo. So, 授業があるんじゃない? is not different from 授業があるんじゃないの? either.",
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| 48681 | null | 48682 |
{
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"body": "In the macOS Sierra dictionary app, sometimes when I look up a word, there is\nsometimes this thing that's in grey written on the right of the word that I\nsearched. For example, 管理人:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TyK1F.png)\n\nThe thing written in grey is くわんー. What does this mean?\n\nOther examples:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6CwXw.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JUarB.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pMH8D.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mPLXk.png)\n\nI observed that sometimes the \"ー\" is on the right, sometimes on the left,\nsometimes on both sides and sometimes it does not appear at all. And I became\neven more confused.\n\nI know that grey text is used to show the \"old\" forms of some words, like\n言う→言ふ:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/naJj2.png)\n\nI thought things like 卵巣癌、更新、検討 are quite new. Maybe this grey text is\nsomething else?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T14:09:36.557",
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"tags": [
"dictionary"
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"title": "What is the thing written in grey that sometimes shows up in the macOS Sierra dictionary app?",
"view_count": 608
} | [
{
"body": "It is archaic form of writing called\n[歴史的仮名遣い](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography). It was\nnot until November 16, 1946 that Japan began using modern writing\nform([現代仮名遣い](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_kana_usage)). For that\nreason 歴史的仮名遣い was widely used those days, and today in Japan you can\nsometimes see literature written then. That is why modern dictionaries have\nthe old spelling.\n\n\"ー\" is used to show the part is written in the same way of modern Japanese.\nFor example, _ーさうー_ for 卵巣癌(らんそうがん) means it is written as _らんさうがん_ in\n歴史的仮名遣い.",
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| 48684 | 48687 | 48687 |
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"body": "This is a passage from NHK's 歴史秘話ヒストリア about Oda Nobunaga performing Noh\nbefore the Battle of Okehazama:\n\n> 信長は **師匠をつけるほど** 舞いに熱を入れていましたが \n> なぜか「敦盛一種類しか舞わなかった」と記されています。\n\nFrom the [dictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/147339/meaning/m0u/) the\nonly usage of をつける with a person seems to be:\n\n> ３ ㋒人をそばに置く。そばにいさせて世話をさせる。「ボディーガードを―・ける」\n\nBut that doesn't translate go \"Nobunaga put the efforts as he was performing\nin front of a master\", imho.\n\nAnd the phrase meaning seems more like Nobunaga was achieving the performance\nlevel of a master. But it's not に着ける.\n\nIt also doesn't seem to be a set phrase for performing arts - Google returns\nonly the old transcript of the very TV programme.\n\n* * *\n\nHow to interpret the phrase 師匠をつけるほど here?",
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"tags": [
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"title": "How to interpret the phrase 師匠をつけるほど?",
"view_count": 128
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{
"body": "This つける means what the dictionary says but it doesn't mean \"in front of\".\n\nIt means \"to make someone be with someone\". So 師匠をつける means \"to make a master\nbe with him\". This means \"to learn from a master(or take a master.)\"\n\nSo 師匠をつけるほど熱心に means \"as eager as he learned from a master(or took a master.).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T16:06:45.043",
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"body": "Formula: \"Ａ ほど Ｂ\" ≈ \"so B that A; B to the extent that A\"\n\n(A): \"師匠をつける\" ≈ \"get (himself) a master instructor\"\n\n(B): \"舞いに熱を入れていました\" ≈ \"was passionate about Mai/dancing\"\n\nThus: \"信長は師匠をつけるほど舞いに熱を入れていました\" ≈ \"Nobunaga was very passionate about\nMai/dancing, to the extent that he got himself a master instructer (to teach\nhim)\"",
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| 48685 | 48703 | 48703 |
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"body": "Can someone clarify how 困る is used in Japanese ? The dictionary definition of\n困る is given as:\n\n> to be troubled; to be worried; to be bothered; to be embarrassed; to be\n> stumped\n\nand I would expect that a intransitive verb, with a definition similar to it,\nto be used as a state (\"am/are ~\") in the form of ~ている. However I've seen it\nbeing used as both ている form and dictionary form with similar translations:\n\n> あんたは、いつもこういう時に来るんだから、 **困る** んだよ\n>\n> It's because you always come at times like these that **I'm troubled**\n>\n> 私も **困っている**\n>\n> I'm troubled too\n\nIn English there is \"I am worried\" which I would expect to be the 困っている\nstative form, and there is \"I worry\" which seems like it would be a continuous\nform in Japanese, and not the dictionary form. Is there a difference in how it\nis naturally said in Japanese, i.e. they don't use states or continuous form\nfor \"worry\"? If both work what is the difference in nuance between them, e.g.\ndoes one mean that the person _turns worried_ and the other that they _are\nbeing in a state of worry_ ?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 困る and 困っている",
"view_count": 1992
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{
"body": "I want to share my opinion about your question. \nfirst of all, for further information you can search for 'The stem of verbs'\n(-ru,-u). you can [check\nhere](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/polite) how to study verbs.\nthats not mine but it will help you \n\n> 困る and 困っている are same. \n> \n> **The different is :** \n> \n> 困る are stem form of verbs. \n> 困って are te-form. \n> .\n\nあんたは、いつもこういう時に来るんだから、困るんだよ \nThis sentences its a non formal sentences. \nits indicate the word あんた mean 'you' but in rude way. \n \n\n私も困っている \nAnd this sentences is -te form. its refer to 'present perfect tense'\n\n**Im not sure its right or wrong, but i try to help and thats what i get for\nstudying japanese. and forgive me for my bad english. \nFeel free to correct me.**",
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"body": "* 困ってる means the subject is _presently_ or _actively_ troubled about something. It emphasises the state of being troubled.\n * 困る emphasises the speaker's anger or annoyance. (困るよ or 困るんだよ)\n * 困った can be used when you realise you're in trouble ('uh oh' or 'oh dear' - 困ったなぁ), or in a similar way to 困ってる.",
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| 48689 | null | 48807 |
{
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"body": "> 違和感を感じる\n\nMost Japanese say that this phrase is redundant because 感 and 感じる have the\nsame meaning, and that _違和感を覚える_ is correct. I have two questions here.\n\n 1. **Why using 覚える is correct?**\n\nAs far as I know, 感じる and 覚える here mean the same(to feel), so I think both of\nthem are correct or incorrect. Are there any difference I do not know?\n\n 2. **Is _違和感を感じる_ really wrong?**\n\nI think _違和感を感じる_ is a right expression. It is because 違和感 does not indicate\nthat I _感じる_ , and 感じる does not mean to feel _違和感_. I have heard _違和感を感じる_\nsaid many times so I believe that some think it is natural. So Is it really\nredundant?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T17:12:08.953",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is \"違和感を感じる\" really redundant?",
"view_count": 475
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{
"body": "> 1) 違和感を感じる \n> 2) 違和感を覚える\n\n * I think both phrases are correct.\n * The phrase 1) is as much frequently used as twice of 2) when I searched for the frequency of their use on the Internet.\n * Though people use 1) more frequently than 2), they feel 1) seems redundant because 1) has two \" **感** \"s, so if you want to use 1) confidently, you have to know 1) is not redundant reffering the answer in the [link](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12102020797) shown by Yuuichi Tam.\n\nThe following Japanese is what the answer tells roughly as a whole, while my\npoor interpretation in English for it is only for your immediate convenience:\n\n>\n> 「馬から落馬」は「落馬」自体に「馬から」という意味が含まれているため、更に「馬から」をつけると二重表現になるが、「違和感を感じる」に関しては、「違和感」には「感じる」という意味はなく、「違和感」全体で初めて一つの「感じ」を表す名詞になるから「違和感を感じる」は冗長ではない。更に、「違和感を感じる」に冗長な表現が含まれていないことは、「違和感」から「感」を除いた「違和を感じる」が意味をなさないことからもわかる。\n>\n> As for \" **馬から落馬** \", \"落馬\" has a meaning \"to fall from a horse\" in itself,\n> so if you add \"馬から _from a horse_ \" to \"落馬\", the whole phrase \"馬から落馬\"\n> becomes a redundant expression. On the other hand, as for \" **違和感を感じる** \",\n> it is not redundant because \"違和感 _a sense of discomfort, sense of\n> incongruity/incompatibility_ or _unpleasant sensation_ \" has no meaning of\n> \"to feel\" and \"違和\" becomes a noun with \"感\" that represents a kind of \"senses\n> or sensations\" for the first time in \"違和感\" as a whole. And more, the fact\n> that **redundant expressions** are not included in \"違和感を感じる\" can be\n> understood from the fact that \"感\" in \"違和感\" is inevitable because \"違和を感じる\"\n> does not make sense.\n\n * In my opinion, \"I feel the sense of discomfort _mentally_ in \"違和感を覚える\" while I feel it more _physically_ in \"違和感を感じる\" because of the difference of the basic meanings of the two _kanji_ s in 覚える and 感じる. \n\n * Although the frequency of use written above about the both expressions is about what are written in the contents on the Internet, I think 違和感を感じる is much more frequently used than the other in conversations. The reason for this is that in the conversation it is difficult to know in a short time whether the _kanji_ \"感\" is used twice and also difficult to concern whether it is redundant or not. \n\n * The verb \"覚える\" is commonly used in the sense of \"to memorize something\", but \"覚える\" in \"違和感を覚える\" has a meaning similar to \"感じる _feel_ \". This usage of \"覚える\" is often used by writers in the novels, but usually not used by common people so much. Therefore, when an ordinary person uses \"違和感を覚える\", it sounds somewhat formal and also sounds solemn, grave, majestic or magnificent.\n\n * For the above reason, I recommend you not to use \"違和感を覚える\" so much in usual conversations. Also, it is better not to use \"違和感を感じる\" in writing even it is grammatically correct, and even if you can explain the reason clearly, because the _kanji_ \"感\"s remain twice in one written sentence. Instead of these expressions, although not having exactly the same meaning, I would show you the phrase \"違和感がある\" can be used with confidence.\n\n * There is a phrase \"異和感{いわかん}を感じる\" which has the same sound and similar meaning to \"違和感を感じる\". \"異和\" of \"異和感を感じる\" is medical terms having a meaning relating to \"異物 _foreign body_ or _object_ \" such as a tumor in a throat. In general, \"違和感を感じる\" is used for the matter/event outside yourself, while \"異和感を感じる\" is used for something within or about your body.",
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"body": "Adding to mackygoo's comments, if you don't want to say 「違和感を覚える」 -- (be\ncaused to) \"remember\" (a feeling of) discomfort] -- 「違和感がある・ない」 is available.\n\nDon't try too hard to map English vocabulary and grammar directly to the\nJapanese.",
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| 48690 | 48709 | 48709 |
{
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"body": "The i-adjective [遠{とお}い](http://jisho.org/word/%E9%81%A0%E3%81%84) means _far,\ndistant_. From what I know, I can make an adverb out of an i-adjective by\nreplacing い with く, which should give me 遠く.\n\nNow, the word 遠く is also a noun itself, which is interesting. This is nicely\nexplained in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/27286/is-anything-\nimplied-but-not-written-in-this-\nnominalization-%E9%81%A0%E3%81%8F%E3%82%92%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%A4%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B).\n\nNow, in the song _Yume Sekai (ユメセカイ)_ , by Haruka Tomatsu, we have:\n\n> 遠くに聞こえた鐘の音が少し寂しくて\n>\n> [...]\n\nIt looks like 遠くに is working as an adverb here. Is this correct? If this is\nthe case, then can both 遠く and 遠くに be used as adverbs, with the same meaning?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T19:30:43.223",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Are both 遠く and 遠くに adverbs? If yes, are them interchangeable?",
"view_count": 457
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{
"body": "No, 遠く is a noun meaning \"distant place\". The sentence means \"The sound of a\nbell heard in the distance was a little melancholy\".\n\nCompare:\n\n遠くにある建物 A building in the distance\n\n遠くから見える灯台 A lighthouse visible from afar\n\nどこか遠くへ行きたい I want to go somewhere far away",
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| 48691 | 48692 | 48692 |
{
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"body": "I'm very new to Japanese, and I was wondering when is it appropriate to use\nwhat alphabets? I've been practicing entirely in hiragana thus far, and I know\nthat katakana is for foreign words and sounds, but how do you know when to use\nkanji?",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T20:49:51.333",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography"
],
"title": "When is it appropriate to use what alphabet?",
"view_count": 3282
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{
"body": "Japanese is written using a combination of all the three sets of characters:\nhiragana, katakana, and kanji.\n\nYou should expect them to come together in an average Japanese text (meant for\nadults) and not in isolation or in exclusivity. Children start off reading and\nwriting everything in hiragana because it is easy (if you look at children's\nbooks, you can confirm that is the case), but as they learn more and more\nkanji (Chinese characters), they have to use those instead.\n\nKanji are characters originally from China and are, easily speaking, used to\nconvey ideas. In Japanese, they are used as the basis of each word while\nhiragana complements it by adding conjugation, etc.\n\n> e.g. 食べる（たべる to eat); 旅行する (りょこうする to travel)\n\nKatakana are a set of characters that have a one-to-one correspondence with\nHiragana characters. Some of them might look very similar, like hiragana か vs\nkatakana カ. Essentially, Katakana are used for foreign or loan words.\nFurthermore, they are also used for technical and scientific words. In manga,\na character using katakana for its speech bubble might also indicate he is a\nrobot.\n\n> e.g. コンピュータ computer;\n> [アナウサギ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AE)\n> word for a kind of rabbit (demonstrates scientific terms are written in\n> katakana)\n\nSo in conclusion, you have to use all of them to read and write \"fluent\"\nJapanese. In my opinion, once you learn the Kanji, your reading becomes so\nmuch faster and convenient. Talking from experience, after having studied\nJapanese for more than four years, I feel rather annoyed if I have to read\nsome text that only has hiragana (like children's books). It is much faster to\nread a single character (e.g 表す） than to read four characters just to speak\nthe same word （表す is read as あらわす）.",
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"body": "Gonna try to summarise what each system represents:\n\nPure hiragana/kanji words are native Japanese, kanji came from China a long\ntime ago; kanji often marks the start of the word, but not always:\n\n元気 = healthy, lively\n\nある = to be (inanimate)\n\n行く = to go\n\nSome words have kanji, but are written as pure hiragana instead; some\nare/aren't based on the context in question:\n\n可愛い -> かわいい = cute\n\nActually, you can write any word without kanji; it's just that some are more\ncommon, and doing it to much will make your writing look kinda cute:\n\n捥ぐ -> もぐ = to pluck\n\nSome words are in the middle, with it being just as common to use kanji, as it\nis to just drop the kanji and use pure kana:\n\n持つ -> もつ = to hold\n\nPure katakana words are used for loanwords. Hiragana like る will be used if\nthe loanword is a verb, in which case it's a godan verb:\n\nプロジェクト = project\n\nカー = car\n\nググる = to google\n\nウィキ = wiki\n\nウィキる = to look-up on wikipedia\n\nSome loanwords are _unique_ though, like using English characters:\n\nTシャツ = T-Shirt\n\nThere is an infinite amount of nuance in the Japanese writing system, just\nlike how the English alphabet is just as much of a written/spoken mess; I\nstruggled a lot at first, too; so don't worry, you'll figure it out as you get\nused to using it; you know, you'll learn to _feel_ it; just need practice.\n\nAs for names: katakana is used used to make names like ancient, as katakana\nwas the first Japanese script, with hiragana and kanji coming later. Names are\nnormally all kanji, but if the names kanji is dropped by the Japanese\ngovernment's list, they gotta use hiragana in it's place instead, at least for\nlegal documents.\n\nSorry if my answer is messy, if you want me to clean it up a bit; or explain\nsomething, just ask!",
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| 48693 | 48694 | 48694 |
{
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"body": "I'm wondering how this phrase could be translated into Japanese in a way that\nisn't rude but keeps being funny to Japanese readers. Please give the literal\nmeaning of the Japanese words too.\n\nIt's often used online to once again introduce a subject that the author\nassumes readers are tired of hearing about.\n\n> In case you're living under a rock, this app allows you to ...",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-23T22:06:17.257",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "\"In case you're living under a rock\" in Japanese",
"view_count": 456
} | [
{
"body": "Safe and common (but not funny) approaches are:\n\n * 知らない人がるといけないので念のために紹介すると、（このアプリは…）\n * ご存じの人が多いと思うが、（このアプリは…）\n * 念のためだが、（このアプリは…）\n * 周知のとおり、（このアプリは…）\n\nAFAIK there is no common set phrase which is similar in purpose and funny at\nthe same time. Of course you can always create your own funny expression, for\nexample:\n\n * 昭和からタイムスリップして来た人のために説明すると、（このアプリは…）\n * 昨日まで10年山ごもりしていた人が読んでいるかもしれないので、一応解説しておくと、（このアプリは…）\n * うちで飼っているインコでも当然知っている常識だが、（このアプリは…）\n\nThe \"literal\" translation of \"in case you're living under a rock\" would be:\n\n * あなたが岩の下で生活している場合、（このアプリは…）\n\nBut this makes absolutely no sense to me.",
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| 48695 | null | 48704 |
{
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"body": "From Jisho.org, the words [最低{さいてい}](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%8E)\n( _saitei_ ) and [最悪{さいあく}](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9C%80%E6%82%AA) (\n_saiaku_ ) both mean \"worst\", while the words\n[最高{さいこう}](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98) ( _saikou_ ) and\n[最良{さいりょう}](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%9C%80%E8%89%AF) ( _sairyou_ ) both mean\n\"best\".\n\nJisho lists 最低 as antonym of 最高, and lists 最悪 as antonym of 最良. The fact that\nJisho associates to each of them a specific antonym, to me, is a sign that\nthese two antonym pairs have different usages.\n\nWhat are the differences between those two pairs, 最低 - 最高 versus 最悪 - 最良?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Two ways to say \"best\" and \"worst\": what's the difference between 最低{さいてい} - 最高{さいこう} and 最悪{さいあく} - 最良{さいりょう}?",
"view_count": 11236
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{
"body": "I am not sure that the antonym description is referencing discrete usage\nbetween each pair, however it is a matter of kanji choice:\n\n> 最低 = \"the worst\" (lit. The lowest) \n> 最高 = \"the best\" (lit. The tallest)\n>\n> 最悪 = \"the worst\" (lit. The most bad) \n> 最良 = \"the best\" (lit. The most good)\n\nSo, removing the kanji for 最, you can see that those pairs are now real\nantonyms of each other.",
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"body": "IMHO, 最低{さいてい} (saitei) and 最悪{さいあく} (saiaku) both mean \"worst\" but, when we\ntranslate individually we can get :\n\n> 最 (sai) mean \"extreme, most, utmost\" \n> 低 (hiku-, tei mean \"humble, lower, short\" and \n> 悪 (aku) mean \"evil, false, bad, etc\". \n>\n\nSo it means that people are using 低 (hiku-, tei) for general purpose. for ex:\n\n> 費用{ひよう}は[最低]{さいてい}[一万円]{いちまんえん}です。 \n>\n\nIt means that \"The expense is 10000 yen at lowest.\"\n\n悪 (aku) for bad habits, attitude, or wrong situation. for ex: \n\n> [車]{くるま}の値段{ねだん}が[跳]{は}ね[上]{あ}がっているので[今]{いま}は[買]{か}う[時期]{じき}としては[最悪]{さいあく}だ。\n\nit means that \"With car prices so high, now is the worst time to buy.\"\n\n**Im not sure its right or wrong, but i try to help and thats what i get for\nstudying japanese. \nFeel free to correct me.**",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "Usually 一番／最も良い and 一番／最も悪い would be good semantic counterparts of _best_ and\n_worst_ in English, respectively. The words you mentioned all have extra\nconnotations when they seem to translate \"best\" or \"worst\".\n\n**最低**\n\nThis word literally means (as a superlative) just \"lowest\", as in 最低気温 \"lowest\ntemperature\" or 最低賃金 \"lowest (=minimal) wage\". It however has another mostly\ncolloquial meaning that is \"base, low\" as in \"low deed\". In this meaning it's\nno longer a superlative, which is proven by the fact you can add another 一番\nbefore it.\n\n> 私が出会った中で一番最低な男 \n> _the lowest man_ (= the biggest jerk = the worst man) _I've ever seen_\n\nThe slang usage is often shown in katakana (サイテー).\n\n**最高**\n\nThe literal meaning is \"highest\" or \"supreme\", as in 最高裁判所 \"Supreme Court\".\nThis word also has a colloquial meaning that translates into \"great feeling,\nfantastic, on the top of the world\" etc., that could be reworded as \"best\",\ncould be written サイコー, and accepts an extra 一番 as well.\n\n> ここの料理は最高だな！ \n> _Their food is awesome (= superb = the best)!_\n\n**最悪**\n\nIts exact nuance in ordinary meaning is something like \"most unwanted\", as in\n最悪の事態 \"worst case\". Again, the second meaning: \"(felt) awful, annoying,\nterrible\", also written サイアク, and yes, you can say 一番最悪 too. So in this sense,\n最悪 and 最高 make antonyms.\n\n> 最悪、地球を脱出しなければならない。 \n> _At worst, we will have to escape the Earth._\n>\n> 今年に入って一番最悪なミス \n> _The most terrible (= the worst) mistake since the beginning of this year_\n\n**最良**\n\nIt is simply the antonym of 最悪's non-slang meaning, that is \"most\nsatisfactory, optimal\". This one has no other meaning, but is a relatively\nbookish word. You'll often find another word 最善, which means \"the best\npossible\", more useful than this.",
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| 48697 | 48745 | 48745 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48702",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The concept of \"attacking\" is a vary broad one, with a lot of nuance to it.\nWhat are the most common/practical words used to describe attacking in\nJapanese; and what are the nuances to each?\n\nAlso, I'm specifically talking about physical attacks; like cutting, stabbing,\nclawing, punching, smashing, striking, impaling, etc. Not things like fraud,\nor taunting, or other things that be considered a form of attacking. in some\nother sense of the word.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-24T02:27:15.603",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"culture",
"terminology"
],
"title": "What are the most common words for \"to attack\"?",
"view_count": 2464
} | [
{
"body": "i want to share my opinion about your question. \nthere are a lot of words refer to attack but, ill explain some. \n \nFirst ill share verbs that refer to attack. \n\n> 切る （きる） **Cutting**. (but its refer to general cutting.) \n> 刺す （さす） **Stabbing** , Impaling, Pierce, etc. \n> 引っ掻く （ひっかく） **Clawing**. \n> 殴る （なぐる） **Punching** , Hit. \n> 撃つ （うつ） **Shoot (gun,Cannon,etc)** , Defeat, Destroy, etc. \n> 打つ （うつ） **Striking** , Smashing, Punching, Slap, etc. \n>\n\n**Im not sure its right or wrong, but i try to help and thats what i get for\nstudying japanese. \nFeel free to correct me.**",
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| 48701 | 48702 | 48702 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48735",
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"body": "I encountered the following line in a visual novel.\n\n_Context: Somebody says that a person is very expressive (in countenance) by\nusing the word 表情豊か. Then, somebody else says the following._\n\n> 豊かとはちょっと違う気もするけど\n\nI am assuming that ～気もする is ～気がする with も substituted. I was unable to find a\nquestion (or answer) here covering any change in meaning when using も. I was\nalso unable to find any explanation of 気もする (but I did find many for 気がする).\nHowever, according to [this question's\nanswer](https://hinative.com/en/questions/343731), it appears that using も, as\nopposed to が, expresses \"multiple opinions.\" **If this is the case, then how\nis the above line different than the following?**\n\n> 豊かとはちょっと違う気がするけど (I feel that it is a little different from rich. [uncertain\n> tone])\n\nI am guessing that も makes the statement more emphatic.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-24T12:23:42.253",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the difference between ～気もする and ～気がする?",
"view_count": 2288
} | [
{
"body": "> 豊かとはちょっと違う気 **も** するけど\n\n**も** in the above phrase is a particle that means _also; in addition; as\nwell_. I think it is exactly what is said in your quotation: _according to\nthis question's answer, it appears that using も, as opposed to が, expresses\n\"multiple opinions.\"_\n\nI'll show you easy examples as:\n\n> 1. この果物｛くだもの｝の味｛あじ｝は、甘｛あま｝い気｛き｝ **が** する _The taste of the fruit is\n> sweet_.\n> 2. この果物｛くだもの｝の味｛あじ｝は、甘｛あま｝い気｛き｝ **も** する _The taste of the fruit is not\n> only sweet, but also ..._\n>\n\nWhen the taste of the fruit is sweet, you could express the taste definitely\nby phrase 1. \nOn the other hand, when the taste of the fruit is almost sweet but a little\nsour, you can't use phrase 1, so you would say by using **も** like phrase 2.\nIn this case, phrase 2 implies この果物｛くだもの｝の味｛あじ｝は、甘｛あま｝い気｛き｝ **も** する、\nそして、少｛すこ｝し酸｛す｝っぱい気｛き｝ **も** する。\n\nAs the conclusion, the given phrase 豊かとはちょっと違う気 **も** するけど implies that\nspeaker can not definitely say only 豊か _richness_ by using も instead of が.\n\n## Another reason to use \"も\" instead of \"が\"\n\nI am going to talk about another reason why Japanese people use the expression\n\"気もする\" that is used in the given phrase with \"豊かとはちょっと違う **気もする** けど\" more\nfrequently than the theoretical reasons.\n\nI mentioned above that \"甘い気もする\" is not an assertive expression than \"甘い気がする\".\nNaturally, if you are fully confident in what you are going to say, namely if\nyou feel the taste of the fruit is sweet without doubt, you would say\nassertively \"甘いと思う\" or \"甘いです\". If you say something in this way, I think it is\ncommon in the world that people who do not think so will object to it. \nA: \"I think like this.\" \nB: \"No, I don't think so.\" \nHowever, in Japan, although what is right (/correct) and what is wrong\n(/incorrect) is naturally important, the sense of value of \" ** _wa_ 和**\" or \"\n_ **harmony**_ \" is sometimes more important than to assert the rightness or\ncorrectness in order to avoid conflict among the people in the society.\nAlthough this value is said decreasing these days in comparison with the old\ndays, it still seems to be common among Japanese people. \"[和]{wa}\" seems like\na good ingenuity that the predecessor invented in order to avoid such a\nconfrontation. Therefore, Japanese people sometimes use expressions such as\n\"気もする\" even if their true intention is to say \"気がする\", so it is annoying but\nprudent to know that there is a case where speaker avoids conflict with the\nopponent by saying so.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 48705 | 48735 | 48735 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48707",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Regarding a new born panda:\n\n> 東京の上野動物園は、１２日に生まれたパンダの赤ちゃんは女の子だと発表しました。 \n> Tokyo's Ueno zoo announced that the baby panda born on the 12th is a girl. \n> ２２日の朝、中国の専門家と一緒に赤ちゃんの体を調べて **わかりました** 。 \n> On the morning of the 22nd (the zoo) together with Chinese experts examined\n> the baby's body.\n\nWhat is the purpose of adding 分かりました to the end of this sentence? How does the\nnuance change if you omit this verb?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-24T13:22:13.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "調べました versus 調べてわかりました",
"view_count": 86
} | [
{
"body": "> ２２日の朝、中国の専門家と一緒に赤ちゃんの体を調べて **わかりました** 。\n\nOn the morning of the 22nd (the zoo) together with Chinese experts examined\nthe baby's body and **found/figured it out**.\n\nWhat they found/figured out must be mentioned in the sentence right before\nthis.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-24T13:37:50.290",
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{
"body": "わかりました means \"found out\" or \"learned\"\n\n調べてわかりました means \"examined and found out\", that is, \"found out by examining\"\n\nSo the sentence means \"We found this out by examining the baby's body together\nwith Chinese experts on the morning of the 22nd\". The preceding sentence in\nthe text tells us that Ueno Zoo has announced that the baby panda born on the\n12th was female. Pandas are probably very protective of their newborn infants,\nso it was ten days before the zoo people could get a proper look at the\ninfant.",
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| 48706 | 48707 | 48707 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48712",
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"body": "I am watching an anime called そらのおとしもの (Sora no Otoshimono). There are two\ntranslations: the one is \"Heaven's Lost Property\" and the other is \"What fell\nfrom from the sky?\"\n\nI'm pretty sure that the first translation in correct, since there is no\nquestion mark on the original Japanese title. If the second was correct, it\nwould have か (the question particle) and a question mark.\n\nBut I'm not really sure about the correct translation. Can you help me? Any\nhelp would be appreciated.\n\nThanks in advance,\n\nBajiru",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-24T16:15:29.117",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"names",
"anime"
],
"title": "そらのおとしもの - \"Heaven's Lost Property\" or \"What fell from the sky?\"",
"view_count": 668
} | [
{
"body": "It would be \"\"Heaven's Lost Property\" because おとしもの means \"lost property\".\n\n\"What fell from the sky?\" would be translated as 何が空から落ちたの?. And \"What(The\nthing that) fell from the sky\" would be translated as 空から落ちたもの.\n\nThere's also the possibility that the author purposely used おとしもの as 落ちたもの.",
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"id": "48711",
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},
{
"body": "\"Heaven's lost property\" is the only correct (literal) translation of\n空{そら}の落{おと}し物{もの}, mainly because 落し物 is a fixed word meaning \"lost property\",\nand 落とす is a transitive verb so it has to mean \"dropped/lost item (i.e. by\nsomeone or something else)\" as opposed to a \"fallen item\" which would use the\nverb 落{お}ちる.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-24T17:34:02.817",
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| 48710 | 48712 | 48711 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48719",
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"body": "Some of the most common words in Japanese seem to have their origin in\nChinese:\n\n会議、日本、世界、先生、。。。\n\nThe evidence for this is, as far as I know, the fact that these words are\nwritten with characters, whose **on-yomi** is used to read that particular\nword.\n\nFurther evidence is that there usually is a synonym or an archaic form, that\nis written using characters whose **kun-yomi** is used:\n\n会議 ＝ 出会い 日本 ＝ 八洲 （やしま）according to tangorin.com\n\nI imagine that these words were used by the Japanese **before** the\nintroduction of Chinese characters to Japan.\n\nHowever, some words do not have this form:\n\n世界 ＝ ？ 先生 ＝ ？\n\nHow did the Japanese folks say these things before the introduction of Kanji\nand what happened to these words?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-24T17:41:00.910",
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"id": "48713",
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"owner_user_id": "3821",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"history",
"spoken-language",
"archaic-language"
],
"title": "What happened to original, pre-Kanji, Japanese words?",
"view_count": 650
} | [
{
"body": "Your question is too broad to give a specific answer, so I'll try to give you\na few pointers instead.\n\nGiven how early in Japanese history kanji were introduced, compounded with the\nfact that there was no writing system in Japan prior to their introduction,\nwe're very much delving into the realm of conjecture.\n\nI imagine that some words simply fell out of use, especially among the (newly)\nliterate upper classes who started to use the prestigious new kanji-based\nwords. In other cases, kanji may have been adopted as 当て字 for the original\nword.\n\nIf you want to look into it further, I'd suggest researching 大和言葉 and 漢語, and\npossibly looking up research on the various dialects, some of which may retain\nwords derived from an older, pre-kanji influence Japanese word.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T00:26:41.393",
"id": "48719",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T00:26:41.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22424",
"parent_id": "48713",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48713 | 48719 | 48719 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48723",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The expression is この近くにトイレがある literally means \"this close is a bathroom\" I've\nbeen studying positions, shouldn't it be ここの近くにトイレがある? The grammar rule is:\nPlaceのpositionにobject がある/いる ここ is a place so for me the second one have more\nsense Help me understand the grammar of the first sentence",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-24T19:02:55.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48714",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T13:23:13.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "19322",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "I found this example sentence in a book, could you explain it to me?",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "Either sentence works. The first one reads, more or less, \"In **this**\nvicinity, there's a bathroom\". Your rewording of it reads, \"Close to **here**\nthere is a bathroom.\"\n\nBoth work. I think the first one sounds more natural if only because it's less\nwordy.\n\nDon't take your grammar rule too literally. It more suited to sentences like:\n\n * いすの下に本がある。 There's a book under the chair.\n * 都市のちかくに公園がある。There's a park near the city.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-24T19:10:19.340",
"id": "48715",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-24T19:16:00.983",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-24T19:16:00.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "4875",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "> A: この近くにトイレがある \n> B: ここの近くにトイレがある\n\n# Differece in meaning\n\nBasically, \"A\" means _there is a bathroom in the vicinity of the place where\nwe are now_ , while \"B\" means _there is a bathroom in the vicinity of the\nplace where I'm pointing at or the place on a map or like that_.\n\nOf course you can say the phrase \"A\" by **touching** the place on a map and\nthat makes sense, and you can say the phrase \"B\" by **pointing at** the ground\nwhere we are now.\n\n* * *\n\n# Grammartical difference\n\n 1. **この近く** = この + 近く + に \n * **この** is a 連体詞｛れんたいし｝ _pre-noun adjectival_ or _adnominal adjective_ , and it means **_this** (something or someone close to the speaker ( **including the speaker** ), or ideas expressed by the speaker)_. \n * **近く** is a 名詞｛めいし｝ _noun_ , and it means _neighborhood or vicinity_\n * **に** is a 助詞｛じょし｝ _particle_ which _indicates location_ , and it means _in_ , _at_ or _on_. \n\nThe whole meaning of **この近くに** is **_in this vicinity (where I am)_**.\n\n 2. **ここの近く** = ここ + の + 近く + に \n * **ここ** is a 名詞｛めいし｝ _noun_ , and it means **_here** (place physically close to the speaker, **place pointed by the speaker while explaining** ); this place)_. \n * **の** is a 助詞｛じょし｝ _particle_ which _indicates possessive_.\n * **近く** is a 名詞｛めいし｝ _noun_ , and it means _neighborhood or vicinity_\n * **に** is a 助詞｛じょし｝ _particle_ which indicates location, and it means _in_ , _at_ or _on_. \n\nThe whole meaning of **ここの近くに** is **_near here (where I am pointing)_**.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T07:56:33.790",
"id": "48723",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T13:23:13.633",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T13:23:13.633",
"last_editor_user_id": "20624",
"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "48714",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 48714 | 48723 | 48715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48718",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across the following dialogue:\n\n> 「シグナムはお風呂どうします？」\n>\n> 「私は今夜はいい。明日の朝にするよ」\n>\n> 「 **お風呂好きが珍しいじゃん** 」\n\nAn unofficial, but to my mind high-quality translation offered something like\n\n> \"That's rare for a bath-lover like you.\"\n\nfor the last the line, and going by context, that's the only right translation\nI can think of.\n\nHowever, going by grammar, wouldn't it translate to\n\n> \"Bath-lovers are rare.\"\n\n?\n\nOf course, this statement feels out of place and is also not true (there are\nplenty of bath-lovers).\n\nMy Japanese friend translated it to\n\n> \"You are rare.\"\n\nclaiming that お風呂好き would _directly_ refer to シグナム.\n\nHe interprets が properly (as a subject marker), but it sounds even more wrong.\n\nAssuming that the unofficial translation I provided first is correct, why is が\nused, rather than something like にとって? Wouldn't you normally use にとって to\nexpress those kinda things?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-24T21:37:36.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48717",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T04:55:57.953",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Not subject despite が?",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "> A:「お風呂好きが珍しいじゃん」 \n> B:「お風呂好きが **お風呂に行｛い｝かないのは/お風呂に入｛はい｝らないのは** 珍しいじゃん」\n\n\"A\" is an abbreviated expression from \"B\". \nIn this case, the substantial contents of the phrase itself is omitted. This\nkind of abbreviation is frequently used in daily conversations like:\n\n> 1-1 あなたのようなお風呂｛ふろ｝嫌｛ぎら｝いが珍｛めずら｝しいね。 \n> 2-1 お風呂嫌いが珍しいね。 \n> 3-1 勉強{べんきょう}嫌いが珍しいね。 \n> 4-1 お肉｛にく｝好｛ず｝きが変｛へん｝だね or お肉好きがおかしいね。\n\nThese abbreviated expressions correspond respectively to the following perfect\nexpressions like:\n\n> 2-1 あなたのようなお風呂嫌いが **お風呂に入るのは** 珍しいね。 \n> _It is unusual for a person who dislikes a bath like you, to take a bath._ \n> 2-2 同上｛どうじょう｝ Same as above \n> 3-2 あなたのような勉強嫌いが（ **今日｛きょう｝に限｛かぎ｝って一所｛いっしょ｝懸命｛けんめい｝** ） **勉強するというのは** 珍しいね。 \n> _It is unusual for you, who usually don't study, to study (hard only for\n> today)_. \n> 4-2 あなたのようなお肉好きが（ **今日に限って** ） **お肉を残｛のこ｝すのは** 変だね/おかしいね。 \n> _It is strange for a meat-lover like you to leave the meat behind (only for\n> today)_.\n\nThese abbreviated expressions are used more than perfect ones in everyday\nconversation, and the latter ones are taken even verbose.\n\nAfter these study, I could say only C is correct but the rest are incorrect\namong the following attempts shown in your question.\n\n> C: \"That's rare for a bath-lover like you.\" \n> D: \"Bath-lovers are rare.\" \n> E: \"You are rare.\"\n\nI feel sympathy for non-native people studying Japanese, because in addition\nto frequent abbreviations of subjects in Japanese, there are omissions of such\nan important part in a sentence like this case.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-24T22:52:06.750",
"id": "48718",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T04:55:57.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
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"parent_id": "48717",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 48717 | 48718 | 48718 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48722",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen かたつむり and でんでんむし and ででむし listed as \"snail.\" What are the\ndifferences between these words?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T04:58:56.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48721",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T00:11:54.437",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T00:11:54.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "19849",
"owner_user_id": "19849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances",
"dialects"
],
"title": "words for snail",
"view_count": 1756
} | [
{
"body": "They are dialectal forms, but it could be said that three synonymous forms\nかたつむり, でんでんむし, and まいまい have gained more or less nation-wide recognition\ntoday. The situation is somehow similar to that\n\"[soda/pop/coke](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/6926/157006)\"\ntripartition in USA.\n\nThe name of snail has been a signature of Japanese dialectology since the\npioneering work [『蝸牛考』](http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1823865) written in\n1930 by [Kunio Yanagida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunio_Yanagita). The\nsummary of this book is that dialectal forms distribute in concentric circles\nfrom Kyoto, so that the remotest place maintains the oldest form.\n\n> (newer/nearer to Kyoto → older/farther) \n> デデムシ > マイマイ > カタツムリ > ツブリ > ナメクジ\n> ([source](http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1823865/103))\n\nA very detailed survey on word forms of \"snail\" conducted by 国立国語研究所 was\ncompiled into three atlas (No.\n[1](https://www.ninjal.ac.jp/s_data/drep/laj_map/LAJ_236.pdf),\n[2](https://www.ninjal.ac.jp/s_data/drep/laj_map/LAJ_237.pdf),\n[3](https://www.ninjal.ac.jp/s_data/drep/laj_map/LAJ_238.pdf)) if you seek\nfurther understanding. (Tons of local forms recorded.)\n\nI (and most people living in Tokyo) would use かたつむり most often.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T05:52:38.373",
"id": "48722",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-27T13:19:51.703",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-27T13:19:51.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "48721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
]
| 48721 | 48722 | 48722 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my textbook, there is the following exercise:\n\n> だれでも「大勢の人の前で話すとき、緊張してうまく話せない」という経験があると思います。あなたはそのような時どうしていますか。\n\nFirst, I have a bit of a problem with the subject in the first sentence here.\nI guess the subject of 思う in the first sentence is indefinite: \"One thinks\nthat anyone has the experience: 'When I talk in front of a lot of people,\nbecause I'm getting nervous, I can't speak skillfully'.\"\n\nSecond, it just seems weird to me that という is used here. The way its being\nused here, I'd rather expect constructions like this: 「昔ここは海だったという話を知っていますか。」\nBut the fact that it is coupled with this quote confuses me, especially since\nit is in tandem with \"experience\". If we are talking about the experience of\nthinking this in front of a crowd, then I wonder why there is this temporal\nclause included. You don't stand there thinking \"Oh when I'm standing in front\nof a crowd...\", you'd rather think \"I can't do this!\" or \"I can't do this in\nfront of a crowd\" or in this case \"I can't speak in front of this crowd\".\n\nTo me this sentence feels like it is talking about the experience of\nhypothesizing about standing in front of a crowd **in an internal monologue**\n, and that is what makes it really weird for me. That's why I wanted to ask\nwhether that's just another oddity about Japanese communication habits or if I\nmisinterpreted something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T09:28:21.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48725",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-31T20:52:32.960",
"last_edit_date": "2021-08-31T20:52:32.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "The subject of 思う and the という construction in this sentence",
"view_count": 105
} | [
{
"body": "You're overthinking. The subject of the first sentence is \"I\", so it's a very\nsimple \"I think that...\" or \"I believe that...\" pattern.\n\nIn Japanese, it's very common to use passages written in quotes where English\nwould use an indirect quotation. Here, you can think of that entire passage as\na single idea that I'll label \"A\" for simplicity.\n\nThe sentence therefore breaks down to:\n\n * だれでも「A」という経験がある \n * と（私が）思います\n\nwhere だれでも is the subject of がある when translated into English, and the\nimplicit 私が is the subject of 思う.\n\nOnce you've translated that, you can break down the A portion, which simply\ndescribes what it is that だれでも経験がある. The simplest way to start translating\nthat part is to use the pattern \"the experience of ~ing...\"\n\nSee if this helps you work it out.\n\nNote that the write/speaker is directly addressing the reader/audience here.\nThere's no internal monologue involved.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T11:09:11.657",
"id": "48730",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T11:09:11.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22424",
"parent_id": "48725",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48725 | null | 48730 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48732",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 日本の小学校は、２０２０年度 **までに** 英語の授業を **少しずつ** 増やすことになっています。 \n> Japanese primary schools are expected to increase English classes gradually\n> by 2020.\n\nI'm confused about the combination of までに (by) with 少しずつ (little by little) .\nThe direct English translation makes no sense. You can't do something 'little\nby little' **by** a certain time. I think the only way I could understand this\nis \"they have until 2020 to start increasing the number of English lessons'.\n\nYou can do something 'little by little' **until** a certain time.\n\nYou could also say something like 'expected to increase classes little by\nlittle until they reach two hours a week by 2020'\n\nSo I think my question is why までに rather than just まで? What does this sentence\nactually mean?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T09:34:54.910",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48726",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T13:53:31.560",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "How does までに work with 少しずつ",
"view_count": 228
} | [
{
"body": "The example sentence means that they will start to work on the task of\ngradually increasing English classes at a certain point of time within a\nperiod from now until 2020. In other words, they won't necessarily do it\nimmediately and steadily.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T10:40:33.750",
"id": "48728",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T10:40:33.750",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
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},
{
"body": "It's interesting to see how まで（に）seems to confuse learners of Japanese as much\nas the distinction betwenn \"by\" and \"until\" confuses the Japanese when they\nlearn English.\n\nTo expand slighly on user4092's explanation, までに simply expresses a period\nbetween now and a defined future point in time. In this sentence, the 少しずつ\nsimply describes how things will be done during that period.\n\nThe point of view adopted is that of the end result: \" **by** the time the\n2020 school year comes around, the number of English classes in primary\nschools will have increased compared to now. The process of increasing them\nwill proceed **little by little** between now and then.\"\n\nAddendum: the above explanation is simply an illustration of the viewpoint\nadopted when までに is used, not a proper translation. Your reading of 増やす as\n\"will increase\" is correct. The ことになっています here simply expresses that\neverything preceding it is fact. Although more awkward in terms of English, a\ntranslation closer to the structure of the Japanese would be something like:\n\n> _It has been decided that_ primary schools in Japan are going to increase\n> English classes gradually **between now and the 2020 school year**.\n\nwhere the part in italics corresponds to ことになっています, and the part in bold is\nまでに.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T11:26:49.913",
"id": "48732",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T13:53:31.560",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T13:53:31.560",
"last_editor_user_id": "22424",
"owner_user_id": "22424",
"parent_id": "48726",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48726 | 48732 | 48732 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48731",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this sentence そして、大人と同じ模様の子どもの浴衣や、子どもが着やすい浴衣をたくさん売っています from\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010984931000/k10010984931000.html> I have\nissues interpreting this と in ...大人と同じ... I also have prblems with や in\n...浴衣や...\n\nIn full, I roughly translate the sentence like this: \"Furthermore, they sell\nmany yukatas of children and adults of identical figure and yukatas which\nchildren can easily wear.\"\n\nI feel uncertain because 大人 seems to connect to の浴衣 via と. I don't know if\nthat interpretation is correct. I also feel uncertain because や seems to\nconnect the two sentence elements ...浴衣 and ...浴衣, but this can only work if\nmy aforementioned interpretation of と is correct, so I'm not sure here either.\nI'm also confused because in my interpretation they are basically talking two\ntimes of yukata for children. This seems redundant and therefore I feel like\nits wrong.\n\nEDIT: Could it also be that と translates to \"with\" here? \"Furthermore, they\nsell many yukata of adults with yukata of children of identical patterns and\nyukata which children can easily wear.\"\n\nI struggle with this because of onaji. The classification of onaji on\n<http://jisho.org/search/onaji> doesn't really help me feeling any more\ncertain about the function I assigned to it in my translation above.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T10:57:02.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48729",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T14:37:48.977",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T13:27:32.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "20172",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "What do the connective particles do here",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "Try reading the 大人 bit as [大人(の浴衣)と同じ模様の]子どもの浴衣, where I've added the abridged\nelement in parenthesis, and used square brackets to block off the entire\nadjectival phrase that modifies the final 子どもの浴衣.\n\nI think it might help if you think of と同じ as a set rather than look only at と.\n\nThe や is there two connects the two (examples of) different types of yukata\naimed at children that are being sold. Basically, there are yukata for\nchildren with feature A, and other yukata for children with feature B.\n\nAdditional breakdown:\n\nA: 大人(の浴衣) -> yukata for adults\n\nB: 模様 -> pattern(s)\n\nC: 子どもの浴衣 -> yukata for children\n\nTherefore, yukata for children with the same patterns as the yukata for\nadults.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T11:17:09.273",
"id": "48731",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T14:37:48.977",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T14:37:48.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "22424",
"owner_user_id": "22424",
"parent_id": "48729",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 48729 | 48731 | 48731 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48734",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I cannot figure out what 「家建てた」 on [this\ntweet](https://twitter.com/koikekazuo/status/608516615261442048) means.\n\n> 「エレクチオン」で **家建てた** 僕の言語能力を舐めちゃいけませン。\n\nIs it a typo for 「打ち立てた」? Or it is a word that Koike Kazuo coined? If so, what\ndoes it mean?\n\nI think \"made a house\" is a little bit strange in the context. (I _know_ the\nparticle を is sometimes omitted.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T12:19:56.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48733",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T13:52:00.157",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T13:52:00.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "19441",
"owner_user_id": "19441",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "What does 家建てる mean?",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "Just from reading the Wikipedia article, it seems that using the word エレクチオン\ncan be considered a trademark of Koike Kazuo's writing (as is using _katakana_\nン where usual orthography would demand _hiragana_ ん).\n\nIn the tweet, he is simply saying that he \"made a career\" out of (using)\nエレクチオン, so one shouldn't make fun of / underestimate his language abilities.\n\n家（を）建てた literally just means \"built a house\" and could indeed be taken\nliteral, or as a metaphor for \"made a living\".\n\nThe particle を is often omitted in colloquial speech (here writing).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T12:41:25.337",
"id": "48734",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 48733 | 48734 | 48734 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48740",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "is there a good expression for the English \"a moment of weakness\"?\n\nFor example: In a moment of weakness, I strayed from my diet and ate some\ncookies.\n\nI tried looking through alc but couldn't really find anything that seemed to\nsound right.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T13:38:26.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48737",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T22:37:34.923",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"moment of weakness\"?",
"view_count": 587
} | [
{
"body": "Depending on context, I think you could probably say...\n\n> 「誘惑に負けて、（つい）...」 \n> 「 （つい）魔が差して、...」 \n> 「一時の気の迷いで...」\n\n* * *\n\n> In a moment of weakness, I strayed from my diet and ate some cookies.\n\nダイエット中なのに、誘惑に負けてついクッキーを食べてしまった。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T15:57:10.730",
"id": "48740",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T15:57:10.730",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "よわったな。\n\n彼女の作り立てのクッキーのその[暖かい香り]{あたたかいかおり}に［まけて・よわって］味見をしました。\n\n(Either one will work there, I think.)\n\n~~「心を[緩めた]{ゆるめた}瞬間{しゅんかん}」 might work for more abstract temptations.~~ Or\nmaybe it was 「よろめく」, although the grammar would be different. ~~I think I've\nheard both, but you'll want to check. But either way has a certain\nphilosophical feeling. The latter is definitely used relative to temptation,\nin addition to meaning physically losing of balance (but not 「心を」 in that\ncase).~~\n\n(I'm going to retract those. I may use them, but I wouldn't recommend them\nunless you hear a native using them, and you may still want to check twice.\nHowever, I recalled another, see below.)\n\nIt depends on what sort of weakness you are blaming. You're more likely to\nhear excuses than \"in a moment of weakness\".\n\n~~腹経て(はらへて)~~ [腹減って]{はらへって}、クッキーを三枚[食っちゃった]{くっちゃった}。\n\nor\n\n[お腹空きすぎ]{おなかすきすぎ}、食べちゃったのよ。\n\n(ahem. [弱った隙に]{よわったすきに}打った誤字のことを、chocolate様にご指摘を頂いて、感謝します。 But there is a\nsense of a contest in progress with 「弱った隙に」.)\n\n(afterthought #2) Since I'm being too cryptic, the English in the question\nreally doesn't translate well in actual use.\n\nHowever, I did recall a phrase that is close, 「弱った隙に」, which I used in the\nexample of the first afterthought. It may or may not be appropriate, which I\ntried to demonstrate by the example and the comment.\n\n(end-afterthought)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T03:07:15.367",
"id": "48750",
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}
]
| 48737 | 48740 | 48740 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48739",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> かたい帯を上手に結ぶことができない若い女性が多い **ため** 、柔らかい帯を去年より３０％増やしたと言っています。\n\nFrom <http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010984931000/k10010984931000.html>\n\nI would translate it as follows (without ため):\n\n> They say that there are many young women who can't tie a hard Obi, from last\n> year the number of soft obi has increased by 30%.\n\nI can't find an entry on jisho on ため and I can't remember having seen it on my\ntextbook either :/",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T15:22:49.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48738",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"particles"
],
"title": "What does this ため say here?",
"view_count": 166
} | [
{
"body": "It means \"because\". It could be replaced with から or ので. It's used in writing\nmore than in ordinary speech. Sales of soft obi have gone up \"because\" many\nyoung women can't tie stiff obi. (I'd go for \"stiff\" rather than \"hard\".) ため\ncan also mean \"for the sake of\", as in 人民の、人民による、人民のための政治 \"Government of the\npeople, by the people, for the people\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T15:55:43.993",
"id": "48739",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "So looking at [Jisho.org](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%82%BA), I think that you\nare looking for definition 3 (consequence; result; effect).\n\nMy translation is very close to yours:\n\n> It is said that the usage of soft obi(s) has increased by 30% since last\n> year, a result that comes from the fact that many young women cannot tie a\n> [stiff](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%A1%AC%E3%81%84) obi.\n\nYuuichi Tam's comment is very pertinent, you can also translate that as\n'Because,' but ため has a more formal context than から/ので。 The reason you may\nhave difficulty finding that translation stems from the fact that English has\n[phrases that have similar meanings to\n`because.`](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/because) Check the link for\nexamples. The truth is that ため is more formal and would be better translated\nto `by reason of ___` of only just to keep the formal feel. If you don't care\nabout formality quite as much, just plain `because` is adequate, and 100%\naccurate.\n\nRetranslating that sentence using `because` we get:\n\n> Because many young women cannot tie a stiff obi, it is said that usage of\n> the soft obi has increased by 30% since the last year.\n\nHope it helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-25T16:01:55.517",
"id": "48741",
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}
]
| 48738 | 48739 | 48739 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48743",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was searching for a way to say something like the following:\n\n\"I think that's why he was crying.\"\n\nI remember かもね or simply かも being used to suggest something 'could be'/'might\nbe', but I'm not sure if it fits in this context.\n\nWould the following be a correct translation?\n\n\"泣いていた理由かもね。\"\n\nWhat are correct ways to say something 'could be'/'might be' the cause, in\nJapanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T16:17:44.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48742",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T16:27:50.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12331",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How do you say (something) 'could be'/'might be' the cause/reason for a certain effect/situation?",
"view_count": 2126
} | [
{
"body": "> \"I think that's why he was crying.\" \n> \"泣いていた理由かもね。\"\n\nYou're right that ～かも（ね） means \"could be / might be\" (You could also say\n「～かもしれない（ね）」) and your translation makes sense (though I'd probably say more\nlike 「それが泣いていた理由かもね。」), but I think it'd sound more natural if you said it\nas...\n\n> だから泣いていたのかもね。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T16:27:50.743",
"id": "48743",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T16:27:50.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "48742",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48742 | 48743 | 48743 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48752",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I saw this sentence alone _Mari wa neru koto ga suki desu_ I first\nthought neru koto is the direct object of the answer and should have an \"o\"\nparticle, and not a \"ga\". Later I thought I might dont understand very well\nand may be actions can't be direct object or something, but after seeing the\nstructure of the question that originates that answer more confusion arises:\n\nNani o suru koto ga suki desu ka?\n\nHere Nani is marked as \"o\" (direct object) and in the answer that \"what\"\nbecomes \"suru koto\" (which is marked as \"ga\" so supposedly it isnt a direct\nobject) . isnt this contradictory? is it simply this way a valid syntactic\nrule or am I missunderstanding something more?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T19:18:17.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48746",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-26T08:30:52.337",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-25T19:59:55.547",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Why ga and not o in \"Mari wa neru koto ga suki desu\"?",
"view_count": 755
} | [
{
"body": "(All that grammar they've taught you is a necessary oversimplification.)\n\nIf you want 「好」 to have the equivalent of a direct object such as we have in\nEnglish, use [好む]{このむ}. But don't do that until you've heard several natives\nsay it and recognized how they are using it.\n\n「好く」 means something like \"to be liked\", in the proper grammar. So you can't\nreally have a direct object, only an object complement. (Which is also a\nnecessary oversimplification.)\n\nThat having been said, modern Japanese usage, especially among the young, will\nsee a bit of self-assertion, trading the stuffy 「ピザを好みます。」 for the \"incorrect\"\n「ピザを好きです。」\n\n（Since Chocalate asks, I'll add this, which I have heard from a 国語先生、 「好かれる」\nshould generally be understood as a polite construction. This is one of the\nreasons I have generally objected to \"A is liked by B.\" examples for passive\nform in 英語 classes, and when I point this out after classes, the 英語先生 has\nalmost always agreed and given me time to help them prepare more natural\nexamples.)",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T03:39:39.613",
"id": "48752",
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}
]
| 48746 | 48752 | 48752 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was told that it changes because two kanji were put together (this sometimes\nhappens)\n\nis this related to On'yomi?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T22:17:21.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48747",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T23:08:58.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22709",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Why is 白鯨 pronounced hakugei but 白 is shiro?",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "Kanji can have a number of readings. These are generally classified under the\ncategory of _on'yomi_ and _kun'yomi_ , where the former has its origins in the\noriginal Chinese pronunciation of the character at the time it was borrowed\nand the latter is the native Japanese reading given to the character.\n\nThere is no easy way to delineate when which reading is to be used. Some kanji\nhave multiple readings, for example:\n\n> 行\n\n * This character has quite a few _on'yomi_ : ぎょう(呉)、こう(漢)、あん(唐)。\n * It also has a number of _kun'yomi_ readings: いく、おこなう\n\nThe kanji in parentheses are indicative of the time that particular\npronunciation of the the kanji were borrowed.\n\nJust because two kanji are put together doesn't necessarily mean that they'll\nbe read using the _on'yomi_ , for example 仕事{しごと}. And, just because a\ncharacter stands in isolation doesn't mean it'll be read using _kun'yomi_ ,\nfor example 例{れい} (should I say _pun_ intended?). There are even a few where\n_kun_ and _on'yomi_ are mixed 場所 {ばしょ}. And then there are the _ateji_ reading\nof compound characters that have nothing to do with either _kun'yomi_ or\n_on'yomi_ such as 亜米利加{あめりか} and 仏蘭西{ふらんす} but also words like 沢山{たくさん} and\n多分{たぶん} whose kanji might be using the _on'yomi_ but the meaning of the\ncompound has nothing to do with the individual meaning of the characters.\n\nEssentially, how a kanji is read depends greatly on context and intuition.\nPerhaps instead of intuition I should say _experience_. As you learn to read\nmore and more Japanese you'll get a better feel for when which reading should\nbe used. This can be both frustrating and a fun adventure; I choose to view it\nas an adventure--it's part of what can make Japanese, as a written language,\nquite a treasure.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T22:38:40.210",
"id": "48748",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T23:08:58.957",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Yeah, this is related to on'yomi. Generally speaking, when multiple kanji are\nput together in one word then it is usually read with on'yomi. The しろ is the\nkun yomi and はく is one on'yomi for the kanji 白.\n\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E7%99%BD%20%23kanji>\n\nSimilarly, 赤 (red) is red あか by itself, but often as せき when in compounds such\nas 赤十字 せきじゅうじ The Red Cross.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-25T22:43:03.383",
"id": "48749",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-25T22:43:03.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7953",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 48747 | null | 48748 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48786",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In various dictionaries, the word \"市立\" has \"しりつ\" listed as the main reading.\nHowever, they then go on to list the reading \"いちりつ\", with a note saying \"when\nspoken to avoid confusion with 私立【しりつ】\". This makes sense, as having the same\npronunciation for two words that are completely opposite to each other would\nbe... confusing, to say the least.\n\nBut in that case, when is しりつ actually used for 市立? If people pronounce it\nいちりつ \"when spoken\", is there at _all_ a case where しりつ is used? And why is it\nlisted as the main reading in dictionaries?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T07:22:54.320",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48755",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-27T10:59:03.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11751",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings",
"multiple-readings",
"homonyms"
],
"title": "When is the \"しりつ\" reading of \"市立\" used?",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "しりつ is the \"proper\" reading, but because there is ample opportunity for\nmisunderstanding, say, 市立大学, \"municipal university\" as 私立大学, \"private\nuniversity\", people often say いちりつ for the sake of clarity. In the same way,\nbecause situations often arise in which かがく could be either 科学, \"science\" or\n化学, \"chemistry\", people often pronounce 化学 as ばけがく. A similar case in Englsh\nis \"oral\" and \"aural\". People often pronounce \"aural\" as \"ow-ral\" (first\nsyllable rhyming with \"cow\") for the sake of clarity. I think all native-\nspeakers are aware that いちりつ has a limited special purpose, and if reading a\nwritten text, either to themselves or out loud, would use しりつ.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T08:32:19.117",
"id": "48759",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "When 市立（中学校｛ちゅうがっこう｝）and 私立（中学校）are well known in the same degree among the\nmembers of the conversation, abruptly to say しりつ（中学校） may cause confusion. In\norder to say which 中学校 you want to tell without confusion, you should say\n市立｛いちりつ｝ or 私立｛わたくしりつ｝ instead of しりつ.\n\n~~I think you know the term \" **the universe of discourse** \", whose simple\ndefinition is: _All things under consideration during a discussion,\nexamination, or study_.~~\n\n~~いちりつ or わたくしりつ is **only used** when 市立｛しりつ｝ and 私立｛しりつ｝ are in \"the\nuniverse of discourse\" **and also** the speaker thinks to say しりつ may cause\nconfusion.~~",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T11:21:29.110",
"id": "48761",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-27T10:59:03.017",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-27T10:59:03.017",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "If I encounter unprefixed 市立大学, I would probably read it as いちりつだいがく to avoid\nany confusion. But when I read 市立 as part of a longer proper noun including\nthe city name, I would use しりつ.\n\n> * 横浜市立大学 よこはま **し** りつだいがく\n> * 川崎市立川崎高等学校 かわさき **し** りつかわさきこうとうがっこう\n>\n\nPrivate schools never have the word 私立 as part of their proper school names.\nSo whenever you hear Xしりつ, it should mean X市立, and you don't have to use いちりつ.\n(Reading it as いちりつ is not wrong, though)\n\nBy the way, in conversation, if you hear a mother say うちの子供をシリツの学校に行かせたい, it\nusually means 私立の学校に行かせたい. The opposing idea of 私立 is 公立 (government-run\nschools) in general, and people usually don't say something as specific as\n子供を市立の学校に行かせたい.\n\nThe same is basically true for 科学/化学, etc. While it's common to read 化学 as\nばけがく, longer compounds like 化学反応式 are almost never read as ばけがくはんのうしき or such.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T05:57:13.447",
"id": "48786",
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}
]
| 48755 | 48786 | 48786 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is my question: how do you choose the correct level of politeness in\nJapanese, when translating foreign material that may not follow Japanese\nrules? Let's say we have a formal setting, e.g. a shop clerk and a customer.\nThe shop clerk was a former collegue of the customer's mother, so she speaks\nin a very casual way (let's say the equivalent of plain form), and actually\nask \"do you mind if I speak like this?\" Although she knew his mother, it's\nstill the first time they meet, moreover he is a customer, so I guess in\nJapanese she would at least use the polite (-masu) form, but I was wondering\nif that would be a faithful translation and, on the contrary, if her speaking\nin plain form would be perceived as rude (it's only meant to convey intimacy).\nWhat do you think?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T08:08:21.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48756",
"last_activity_date": "2023-07-20T07:10:21.333",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22715",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Choosing the correct level of politeness when translating foreign material",
"view_count": 397
} | [
{
"body": "It would be natural to first think of the social position and standing of the\npeople involved in the conversations so that it is easier for Japanese readers\nto imagine the mood and relationship of the characters.\n\nIf, for example, there is a homestay family welcoming a foreigner into their\nhome you might pose the family speak politely if they are unfamiliar with the\nguest or casually if they wanted said guest to feel more at ease. The guest\ncan then, in turn, be framed to speak politely if he/she intends to show good\nmanners or be a rare visitor to the country, or casually if totally unaware of\nthe norms or be familiar with the hosting family.\n\nIn other words, it is best to keep the constructs of Japanese society in mind\nwhen framing your sentences and choosing the proper form, because you aim for\nthe Japanese readership after all.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-09-26T06:18:06.433",
"id": "53482",
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}
]
| 48756 | null | 53482 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "50478",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm a little confused as to why it's 浴びる as opposed to する. In nouns like 掃除 or\nゲーム, the verb used is する. Can anyone clarify?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T08:10:22.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48757",
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"owner_user_id": "18803",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Why is シャワー used with 浴びる?",
"view_count": 590
} | [
{
"body": "The picture 浴びる should evoke in your head is \"something pouring on to your\nbody.\"\n\nシャワー is literally water pouring on to you, so 浴びる is the most natural verb to\ngo with it. Another example would be 日光(sunlight)を浴びる, and here you can also\npicture sunlight pouring down on you from the sky.\n\nする is the most generic verb like \"do\", and as such it does cover a wide\nvariety of cases. But again just like the English word \"do\", there's also a\nlot of cases where this verb just wouldn't do it. Examples include 医者にかかる,\n車を運転する, 水を飲む, and so on.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-18T03:01:39.840",
"id": "50478",
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]
| 48757 | 50478 | 50478 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a very formal context, how to answer properly when an unknown person who is\n_hugely_ higher than you in the hierarchy (a recruiter, an N+3, an official,\netc.) invites you to some unexpected event/lunch/interview/ceremony and\nsuggests a date and time which turn out to be OK? I always struggle with this.\nActually, I think it is even easier to say politely that the suggested time is\n_not_ OK.\n\nI refrain from using 大丈夫です or いいです because it seems overly familiar to me. So,\nmost of the time, I end up with such a circumlocution as\n\n> どうもありがとうございます。金曜日なら結構です。\n\njust to say _’you proposed Friday, and this is OK’_. I don’t know if 都合がよいです\nor is other sentences with 都合 are OK in this context. I don’t want to end up\nsaying to a minister _’yeah, so you wanna meet me next Monday? I’m quite busy\nman, but I checked my schedule and it looks rather feasible’_.\n\nNB: this is a question about formal and especially formal written\nJapanese—before anyone says _’you can just send 大丈夫 with the poop emoji and he\nwill understand’_ , of course he will understand, I agree with this ;-)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T08:20:48.970",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48758",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-26T13:39:14.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"keigo",
"formality",
"written-language"
],
"title": "How to say that a proposed date/time is OK without sounding condescending?",
"view_count": 4472
} | [
{
"body": "You'll want to be careful with 結構です -- it's more often used to politely say\n\"no thank you\" than \"that's fine\", and using it in the latter sense requires\nsome shoring up of the sentence to eliminate any ambiguity.\n\nI don't think you need to mention the time/schedule explicitly. Depending on\nthe relationship and the nature of the invitation, any of the following might\ndo:\n\n * かしこまりました。(Probably most useful when the \"invitation\" can't really be refused, such as when a recruiter tells you your interview is at 10:00 on Monday.)\n\n * この度はご招待いただき、ありがとうございました。喜んで参加させていただきます。If the difference in status is extreme, you might go with 身に余る光栄でございます。謹んで参加させていただきます, but that would probably be excessive unless the circumstances were very special.\n\n * ◯◯へのご招待、ありがとうございます。是非行かせていただきたいと思います。\n\nExplicitly mentioning that you'll be attending because you're free on the day\ncould imply that you're only going because you've got nothing better to do, so\nI think you're better off with an appropriately polite version of \"Thank you\nfor inviting me. It will be a pleasure to attend.\" If, for some reason, you\nmust mention the time, I'd suggest phrasing it as a confirmation of the time:\n\n * 金曜日の◯◯時ですね。わかりました。宜しくお願い致します。\n\nJust a few ideas, but you'll need to adapt them, and their level of\npoliteness, to the actual situation (and whether you're speaking or replying\nin writing).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T13:27:24.697",
"id": "48766",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 48758 | null | 48766 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48764",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across a cartoon of a Japanese lesson with\n\n> こんにちは？\n\nOn a blackboard. Is the greeting actually a question? The impression I have\n(eg from\n[https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/今日は](https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AF)\n) is that etymologically speaking it's derived from a question, but wouldn't\nbe regarded as a question nowadays.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T11:25:33.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"greetings"
],
"title": "Is こんにちは a question?",
"view_count": 549
} | [
{
"body": "こんにちは as a greeting don't have the meaning of a question. The origin is a\nphrase like 今日{こんにち}はご機嫌いかがですか?.\n\nHowever some people may use こんにちは? as a question when they ask someone whether\ntoday is convenient for you or not, though きょうは? would be common.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T12:59:12.590",
"id": "48764",
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{
"body": "> こんにちは？\n\nは、今｛いま｝でも疑問文｛ぎもんぶん｝かというのはおもしろい質問｛しつもん｝ですね。日本人[同士]｛どうし｝では話題｛わだい｝にすらならないと思｛おも｝いますが、たいていの日本人なら質問者｛しつもんしゃ｝が挙｛あ｝げた[文献｛ぶんけん｝](https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AF)にある語源｛ごげん｝のようなことは知｛し｝っており、疑問符｛ぎもんふ｝がついていることも少｛すく｝なからず理解｛りかい｝しているのかなと想像｛そうぞう｝します。\n\n真面目｛まじめ｝に回答｛かいとう｝しますと、\n**今｛いま｝では単｛たん｝なる挨拶｛あいさつ｝の言葉｛ことば｝であって、疑問｛ぎもん｝あるいは質問｛しつもん｝の意味｛いみ｝はないと思｛おも｝います（疑問｛ぎもん｝の意味｛いみ｝を持｛も｝たせずに使｛つか｝っています）**\n。\n\n今回｛こんかい｝の質問｛しつもん｝は、漫画｛まんが｝の中｛なか｝でのことで、文脈｛ぶんみゃく｝も作者｛さくしゃ｝もわからないのでなぜ疑問符｛ぎもんふ｝をつけているのかに対｛たい｝する論評｛ろんぴょう｝は差｛さ｝し控｛ひか｝えます。 \nあらためてこの言葉｛ことば｝を考｛かんが｝えますと、話｛はな｝し言葉｛ことば｝としては普通｛ふつう｝に使｛つか｝いますが、作家｛さっか｝でもない私｛わたし｝を含｛ふく｝めた普通｛ふつう｝の日本人｛にほんじん｝は、これを書｛か｝くことはめったにないと思｛おも｝います。\n\nもし、私｛わたし｝がこれを書｛か｝くとするとどうなるか考｛かんが｝えてみました。\n\n 1. こんにちは？ \n 2. こんにちは！ \n 3. こんにちは。 \n 4. こんにちは、 \n 5. こんにちは \n 6. 今日は？ \n 7. 今日は！ \n 8. 今日は。 \n 9. 今日は、 \n 10. 今日は \n\n「こんにち」の部分｛ぶぶん｝に「今日」という漢字｛かんじ｝を使｛つか｝うと、「きょう」と読｛よ｝まれそうなで **なし** ですね。\nどれも感心｛かんしん｝しませんが、敢｛あ｝えて選｛えら｝ぶと「こんにちは！」でしょうか。 \nこれを使｛つか｝うのは、友人｛ゆうじん｝に送｛おく｝るメールの冒頭｛ぼうとう｝にでしょうか。それでも若干｛じゃっかん｝気恥｛きは｝ずかしいので、「こんにちは！」ではなく、「こんにちは！？」か「こんにちは（？）」のようにあらかじめ逃｛に｝げを打｛う｝つだろうと想像｛そうぞう｝します。それほど、これを文字｛もじ｝で書｛か｝き表｛あらわ｝すのは、実際｛じっさい｝には難｛むずか｝しいということでしょうか。\n\n質問者｛しつもんしゃ｝への答｛こたえ｝になっていないようですみません。\n\n「こんにちは？」の語源｛ごげん｝としては質問者｛しつもんしゃ｝が提示｛ていじ｝した文献｛ぶんけん｝にある意味｛いみ｝は比較的｛ひかくてき｝知｛し｝られていますが、参考｛さんこう｝までに、今回｛こんかい｝見｛み｝つけた[これも](https://ameblo.jp/hitomi-\nmazenda/entry-10723484415.html)私｛わたし｝にとって初｛はじ｝めての内容｛ないよう｝でしたが興味｛きょうみ｝深｛ぶか｝いものでした。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T13:40:38.150",
"id": "48769",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 48762 | 48764 | 48764 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48774",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I'm trying to translate accurately the following text (JP > EN)...\n\nI'm particularly puzzled about the part: \" **多大の貢献をなし他の範とするところ** \". Did I\nunderstand the meaning well? Does \"他の範\" refer to other departments in the\ncompany?\n\n> 表彰状 \n> 貴部所は建築工事表彰内規に基づき平成二十八年度建築工事中総合成績が極めて優秀であって会社の技術水準並びに業績の向上に\n> **多大の貢献をなし他の範とするところ** 甚大であると認められるので兹に所員一同の功績に対し表彰金を贈り表彰します。\n\n## My English translation:\n\nCertificate of Distinction\n\nIn light of the superior and all-round excellence of your department’s\nachievements in 2016 in the domain of construction work, which has brought\nabout major contributions to the improvement of our company’s technological\nabilities and performance, **unparalleled in other sectors** , and on the\nbasis of our company’s internal regulations as regards commendations, I hereby\npresent your department with this certificate and its corresponding financial\naward in recognition of the achievements of all department members.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T12:03:20.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48763",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-26T16:38:22.253",
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"owner_user_id": "22722",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Translation: 多大の貢献をなし他の範とするところ",
"view_count": 245
} | [
{
"body": "Try something like \"and serves as/has set a tremendous example for the other\ndepartments\" for the 他の範とするところ甚大である part.\n\nBreaking it down a little:\n\n * 他の範 → a good model/example for others\n\n * とするところ → the element/aspect of serving as/setting, the way it acts/serves as\n\n * 甚大である → great, enormous, tremendous\n\nThe rest looks pretty good, although strictly speaking, the Japanese text says\n\"technological _level_ /standard and performance\" rather than _abilities_ ,\nbut your version is perfectly possible in the broader context.\n\nEven for a certificate like this, that's impressively formal and stilted\nlanguage, though. I get a vision of the person presenting it stumbling over 兹に\nwhile reading it during the award ceremony! :)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T13:52:24.020",
"id": "48770",
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{
"body": "> Does \"他の範\" refer to other departments in the company?\n\nYes.\n\n「会社」の中の「貴 **部所** 」なので、「 **他** の範」の「他」は「 **他** 部所」を意味します。 表彰を受ける「 **所** 員」は「貴部\n**所** 」の「 **所員** 」です。\n\n一般には「部所」とは言わず「部署」と言いますが、この会社の組織構成が「＊＊＊部」と「＊＊＊所」が同格で存在しているものと思われます。すなわち、この会社では、研究所、事業所のように部署名の最後に「所」が付く部署と、営業部、人事部、経理部のように部署名の最後に「部」が付く部署が併存しているものと思われます。「部所」は「部ならびに所」を表し、一般にいう「部署」を指しているものと思われます。\n一般には貴部署、他部署というと _your department_ and _the other department_ in the\ncompanyですが、この会社では「＊＊所」も「＊＊部」も一般にいう「部署 _department_ 」と考えてよいと思います。\n今回表彰を受ける部署の従業員は、「所員」と呼ばれていますので、研究所、事業所のように部署名の最後に「所」が付く部署の従業員です。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T14:18:03.137",
"id": "48771",
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{
"body": "「他 **の** 範とするところ甚大である」 means 「他（の部署・人たち） **が** ｛お手本にする（べき）ところが大きい /\n見習う（べき）ところがたくさんある｝」, \" _lit._ (The department) has a lot for the other\ndepartments to follow\", i.e. \"(The department) is a good example for others to\nfollow\". The の in 他の marks the subject for the verb phrase 範とする (\"to follow\nsomeone's example\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T16:54:03.393",
"id": "48772",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-26T16:59:26.580",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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{
"body": "The part you excerpted crosses the boundary of phrasing. It's actually,\n\n> 会社の技術水準並びに業績の向上に **多大の貢献をなし** / **他の範とするところ** 甚大である\n\nWhile the first portion aptly corresponds with your translation:\n\n> _...has brought about major contributions to the improvement of our\n> company’s technological abilities and performance..._\n\nthe real problem is in the second portion.\n\n> 他の範とするところ甚大である\n\nThis wording utilizes a relatively rare as well as ceremonious construction.\nところ seen here is a literal translation of [the (Classical) Chinese relative\nparticle 所](https://www.chineseboost.com/grammar/suo-structural-particle/)\n(for grammatical details please see the link), that, in short, makes `AのVところ`\nmean \"what A V\". Thus,\n\n> 他の範とするところ甚大である \n> = \"what others (can) take as model is huge\" \n> ≈ _from what others (can) learn is huge_ \n> ≈ _(you) set a profound example to others_",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-26T17:23:42.590",
"id": "48774",
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]
| 48763 | 48774 | 48770 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48768",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the middle of [Bibara Bibara by\nStereopony](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nukTlm4aSE8) (lyrics\n[here](http://en.verygooddays.com/stereopony/lyrics/viva-la-viva-la/)), there\nis this weird Katakana \"sentence\":\n\n> ホートトトギスがホーホー\n\nI cannot make any sense of it, but I do see a Hiragana syllable in the middle\nof Katakana, and it happens to be a particle, which makes me wonder: can this\nbe made any sense of? Is this a meaningful sentence in Japanese? Are the\nsounds chosen for some reason, or is it just plain \"scat\"?\n\n**Update**\n\nI looked stuff up on JEDict and found the following. 蓬々{ほうほう} means\n\"confusedly, perplexedly\", and 方法{ほうほう} means \"method\", while 方途{ほうと} means\n\"path\". That is all I can see in there. Well, there is ホトトギス meaning \"toad\nlily\" or \"cuckoo\"… maybe \"the toad lilies are confused\" with a few extra\nsyllables _because why not_?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T13:01:45.667",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48765",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-26T13:44:53.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "5324",
"owner_user_id": "5324",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Katakana (potentially gibberish) \"sentence\" in Bibara Bibara: meaningful or not?",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "This isn't gibberish. In fact, there's even a clue at the beginning of the\nvideo; you can hear a cuckoo clock in the background. ホトトギス is a cuckoo (a\nbird). I presume that ホーホー is probably just the sound the bird makes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T13:39:09.620",
"id": "48768",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 3
}
]
| 48765 | 48768 | 48768 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48784",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In spanish, we can combine \"to do\" (hacer) with other verbs to create new\nactions. for example, \"to get someone to sleep\" it's \"hacer dormir\" (hacer =\ndo , dormir = sleep) . In the same way we can combine \"to do\" with objects to\ncreate new actions like \"hacer viajes\" just like japanese use \"ryokou suru\"\nfor the same meaning. One very naive assumption could be may be you can also\ncombine \"suru\" with other verbs, to get the meaning of \"to get someone to do\nsomething\", just like we do in spanish (since in spanish and japanese we\ncombine them with a noun in the same way for the same meaning). But most\nlikely not, since this seems to be a very intrinsically feature to latin\nlanguages. Anyway, asking it wont hurt I supppose, can you combine \"suru\" with\nother verbs, to get the meaning of \"getting someone to do something\" ? I've\nheard what for me looked like strange combinations of languages features in\njapanese recently like, \"okay shimashita\" (or I completely missunderstood the\nsentence)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-26T17:16:14.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48773",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-27T08:02:25.333",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-26T20:33:13.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "9878",
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "how do you say \"to get someone to do something\" in japanese?",
"view_count": 2123
} | [
{
"body": "I'm sure a quick search would give you all this basic information, but there\nare verb tenses especially for that.\n\n> する->させる : to make someone do something. \n> する->させられる : to be made to do something by someone. \n> 食べる->食べさせる : I made someone eat. \n> 食べる->食べさせられる : I was made to eat by someone.\n\nYou can also use してもらう. Which basically mean \"I will have you do this\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T02:53:14.460",
"id": "48784",
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| 48773 | 48784 | 48784 |
{
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"body": "散歩でもしましょうか? 散歩しましょうか? Do they have the same meaning? I just can't totally get\nwhat ~でも〜ましょう means.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "~でも〜ましょう and ~ましょう?",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "散歩でもしましょうか? is an invitation to go for a walk or to do something else.\n\n散歩しましょうか? is merely a question about whether to go on a walk.",
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{
"accepted_answer_id": "48787",
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"body": "This question is inspired by [this\none](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48773/how-do-you-say-to-get-\nsomeone-to-do-something-in-japanese) (unanswered at the time of writing).\n\n> それは田中さんに教えてもらってください。 \n> Get Mr Tanaka to tell you that. \n> それは田中さんに教えさせてください。 \n> Make Mr Tanaka tell you that.\n\nI feel that in English there is a difference between 'make someone do\nsomething' and 'get someone to do something'.\n\n'make someone do something' feels like a stronger statement. It leaves no\ndoubt that you expect the person to do something. Whereas, 'get someone to do\nsomething' feels more like a favour i.e. you can ask them to do something but\nyou shouldn't expect that they will do it.\n\nHow about my two Japanese sentences above? Is there a parallel argument when\nchoosing either causative or てもらう, or do these sentences feel the same?\n\n_btw I'm never sure when to use に or を with causative form. Please correct me\nif I got these sentences wrong._",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "Difference in nuance between causative form and てもらう",
"view_count": 998
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{
"body": "～せる・させる used in the sense of 使役* can sound stronger and more forcible than\n～てもらう and I think it usually leaves no doubt that you expect the person to do\nit. ～てもらう sounds softer and less forcible but I think you'd usually still\nexpect that they will do it.\n\nOne more difference in your two sentences is, 教えてもらってください clearly shows that\nthe recipient of the favor is the hearer (\"Get Mr. Tanaka to tell _you_\nthat\"), while 教えさせてください sounds like the person taught by Mr. Tanaka will be\nsomeone other than the hearer (\"Make Mr. Tanaka tell _them_ that\").\n\nAnother example:\n\n> 田中さんに書いてもらってください。 \n> 田中さんに書かせてください。\n\n書かせる sounds stronger and forcible. You'd usually use this for someone of lower\nstatus (e.g. 田中さん is your inferior/後輩 or subordinate/部下), but not for someone\nof higher status. **\n\n書いてもらう sounds softer and less forcible. You could use this for someone of\nlower, equal or higher status, but I'd recommend using honorific\nexpression/尊敬語 for your boss/superior, e.g. 書いていただく**.\n\n*～せる・させる used in the sense of 放任・許可 (\"let someone do~; allow someone to do~\") doesn't sound as strong, e.g. 「田中さんに書かせてあげてください。 / 書かせてさしあげてください。」 \n\n**Exception: In business situation, you'd use ～せる・させる for someone of higher\nstatus in your in-group when talking to someone of your out-group.)\n\n* * *\n\nAs to when to use に or を with causative form: You're using it correctly.\nBasically you use に when the verb is transitive (and also when the verb is\nintransitive but takes を, as in 道を歩く). For more details: [Causative Form -\nDifference between 子供に本を読ませる and\n子供を本を読ませる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33510/9831)",
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"body": "I understand the question as to how to differenciate to express in Japanese\nthe differences in nuances of sentences using various causative verbs in\nEnglish.\n\nBefore answering your question, I visited the site\n[here](http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html) and learned how\ncausative verbs are explained in English.\n\n＜quote＞\n\n * **Let** \nFORM: [let + person + verb] \nUSE: This construction means \"to allow someone to do something.\"\n\n * **Make** \nFORM: [make + person + verb] \nUSE: This construction means \"to force someone to do something.\"\n\n * **Have** \nFORM: [have + person + verb] \nUSE: This construction means \"to give someone the responsibility to do\nsomething.\"\n\n * **Get** \nFORM: [get + person + to + verb] \nUSE: This construction usually means \"to convince to do something\" or \"to\ntrick someone into doing something.\"\n\n**Get vs. Have**\n\nSometimes \"get someone to do something\" is interchangeable with \"have someone\ndo something,\" but these expressions do not mean exactly the same thing.\n\nExamples:\n\n * I got the mechanic to check my brakes. \nAt first the mechanic didn't think it was necessary, but I convinced him to\ncheck the brakes.\n\n * I had the mechanic check my brakes. \nI asked the mechanic to check the brakes.\n\n＜unquote＞\n\nIf you read the explanation for the four causative verbs, you can see that it\nis \"make\" and \"get\" that the expected results are executed, apart from the\nperson's feelings to execute something.\n\nTherefore, I think the questioner is smart to list these two in the example of\ncomparison.\n\n> 1. それは田中さんに教えてもらってください。 Get Mr Tanaka to tell you that.\n>\n> 2. それは田中さんに教えさせてください。 Make Mr Tanaka tell you that.\n>\n>\n\nAs for phrase 1 having \" **let** \" in it, \"田中さんに教えてもらってください\" is cosiderably\ngood as a Japanese translation, but I think it is insufficient whether the\nexpected result will surely be obtained or not in it. In order to ensure the\nresult and to give the nuance of \"to convince to do something\" or \"to trick\nsomeone into doing something\" that was explained in the previous English\ngrammer textbook to it, \"説得｛せっとく｝する\", \"納得｛なっとく｝さす\", \"言｛い｝い含｛ふく｝める\" and\n\"言｛い｝い包｛くる｝める\" and so on seems appropiate to be added to your attempt. But all\nof these options are too exaggerated compared to the simple verb \"get\" in the\noriginal phrase. So I think \"是非｛ぜひ｝\" or \"是非｛ぜひ｝とも\" is appropriate to be added\nlike \"田中さんに是非とも教えてもらってください\" to make it have a similar nuance that the original\nEnglish phrase has.\n\nAs for phrase 2 having \" **make** \" in it, the interpretation in Japanese\nseems to have problems.\n\nAs is said in the Chocolate's answer, 教えさせてください sounds like the person taught\nby Mr. Tanaka will be someone other than the hearer, and more, it sounds\nunnatural for other reason. The reason that makes the Japanese interpretation\nunnatural is the use of \"教える\", whose main meaning is, as you know, not \" to\ntell\" but \"to teach\".\n\nBecause \"何かを教える人 _a person to teach something_ \" is generally in a position\nrespected by \"教えられる人 _a person to be taught_ :\", 教える人 is not compatible with\nthe nuance of \"a person to be forced to do something\". Therefore, in order to\nforce Mr. Tanaka \"to tell you something\", and also in order to surely obtain\nthe result from him, I would change expressively the Japanese translation for\n\"to make someone tell\" like \"言わす/言わせる\", \"伝えさす/伝えさせる\" or \"聞き出す\" instead of\n\"教えさす\".\n\nAs a translation to solve the two problems, one is what is pointed out in\nChocolate's answer and the other is the difference in a nuance between \"教える\"\nand \"tell\", I propose the following interpretations like: \"それは田中さんに言わさせてください\"\nor \"それは田中さんから聞き出してください\".",
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| 48777 | 48787 | 48787 |
{
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"body": "Sometimes here I've been taught that some form is \"continuative\". I read some\nwebpages to try to understand what it means, but I'm not getting it. For\nexample, this webpage\n\n<http://www.epochrypha.com/japanese/materials/verbs/teform.html>\n\nsays the \"te\" form is a continuative form because \"it forms a subordinate\nclause that requires a main clause for completion.\" What is the main clause\nthis clause is subordinated when you use it as imperative? . That webpage also\nsays the main clause can be implied but I dont see which one it could be in\ncases like Tabete kudasai.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-26T20:26:55.343",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "What does it mean a form to be \"continuative\" in japanese?",
"view_count": 5014
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{
"body": "Don't get caught up in the name of the form. It's just a name to help identify\nwhat is being talked about.\n\nIt mostly just refers to a form of the verb that implies there's yet more that\nneeds to be said. The name itself, \"continuative\", was probably arrived at\nbecause the verb form itself needs for something more to happen before there's\na complete thought: so, the form suggests that there's more _to continue_\nafter what's just been said.\n\nFrequently, but not always, the _continuative_ functions like _-ing_\nparticiples in English. Sometimes it's rendered into English as \"... and ...\"\n\n> ビールを **飲んで** 運転するのはダメだ。\n>\n> Drinking beer and then driving is bad.\n>\n> 銀行に **行って** 喫茶店で昼を過ごしました。\n>\n> I went to the bank, and .... spent the afternoon at a cafe.",
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| 48778 | 48779 | 48779 |
{
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"body": "In my textbook I learned that when a sentence shall be nominalized, there are\nthese 2 ways.\n\n 1. SENTENCE + こと\n\n 2. SENTENCE + という + こと\n\n2 is in case a complex sentence shall be nominalized.\n\nIn addition, when the to be nominalized sentenced ends with a な adjective, it\nshall be nominalized this way: `な adjective + なこと or な adjective + である`\n\nNow, concerning this case, there were 2 examples in the grammar section, one\nfor simple sentence and one for a complex sentence.\n\nsimple sentence:\n\n> 世界中でこの漫画が有名な (な/である) こと知っていますか。\n\ncomplex sentence:\n\n> 日本に来てから、家族はとても大切 (だ/である) ということに初めて気がついた。\n\nNow, for the complex sentence, would it be possible to write ...家族はとても大切 **な**\nということ... as well?\n\nMy textbook gave me no explanation as to why it only proposes the copula, but\nnot the な suffix DESPITE claiming otherwise just a few lines before :/ Or is\nit possible that in the nominalization of complex sentences requiring という, it\nis obligatory to use the copula when the to be nominalized sentence ends with\na な adjective?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "So, what is the rule for this construction",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "Basically:\n\n> * 連体形(attributive form) + こと\n> * 終止形(predicative/terminal form) + ということ\n>\n\nSo grammatically speaking you can use...\n\n * 有名な+こと (有名な is the attributive form)\n * 有名である+こと (ある is the attributive form)\n * 有名だ+ということ (有名だ is the terminal form)\n * 有名である+ということ (ある is the terminal form)\n\nas in:\n\n> この漫画が有名なことを知っていますか。 \n> この漫画が有名であることを知っていますか。 \n> この漫画が有名だということを知っていますか。 \n> この漫画が有名であるということを知っていますか。\n\nAs an aside, you could also say: \nこの漫画が有名なのを知っていますか。 \nこの漫画が有名だと知っていますか。 \n(or この漫画、有名だって知ってる？ in colloquial speech) \n\n* * *\n\n> would it be possible to write ...家族はとても大切なということ\n\nNo, you can't say な+ということ. 大切な is the attributive form and should usually be\nfollowed by a noun, as in 大切なこと, 大切な人.\n\n> in the nominalization of complex sentences requiring という, it is obligatory\n> to use the copula...\n\nYes, you should use the terminal form 大切だ or 大切である before という. (You could also\nsay 「大切ということ」「大切と気づいた」「有名ということ」「有名と」「有名って」 etc., dropping the だ. This might\nsound a bit informal.)\n\nSo I think you could say...\n\n> 家族はとても大切だということに初めて気がついた。 \n> 家族はとても大切であるということに初めて気がついた。 \n> (? 家族はとても大切なことに初めて気がついた。 *) \n> 家族がとても大切であることに初めて気がついた。 \n> Also: 家族はとても大切だと初めて気がついた。 \n> 家族はとても大切であると初めて気がついた。 \n> (or 家族はとても大切だって、初めて気がついた。 in colloquial speech)\n\n*might be a bit strange maybe because it could sound like \"Family noticed something important...\"",
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| 48788 | 48803 | 48803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48802",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "この活動が社会に認められることは、誠に喜び。。。。 \nA.にたえません \nB.にたりません \nC.に当たりません \nD.にかたくありません \nThe answer is A にたえません \nFirst there are two words: に堪えない and に耐えません , with different 漢字 of course\ndifferent meaning \nに堪えない: can't suppress emotions(?)抑えない \nBut also means ~だけの価値がある？ \nに耐えない: can't stand to do \n\nAccording to the sentence above, it is suppose to express emotion of happiness \n人の悪口は聞くに堪えない \nこの説はまだ証拠が少なく、詳細な議論に堪えるものではない (This opinion still has little evidence and does\nnot fit/worth a detailed discussion)\n\nSo what I want to ask is what is the real meaning of に堪える/にたえない It expresses\nworth/not worth doing something, but also has meaning to express strong\nemotion like 喜びに堪えません(？) \n喜びに堪えません: not worth to feel happy/really happy? Thank you!!!",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help to understand difference between に堪える/に堪えない/に耐える/にたえない",
"view_count": 577
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{
"body": "〜に堪えない is rather idiomatic. \n\n> **終止形(辞書形, dictionary form)** + **に堪えない**\n\nIn this case 堪えない means \" _not worth doing_ \", and by extension \" _cannot do\nit because it is unpleasant._ \"\n\n> **enotional noun(e.g. 喜び, 悲しみ)** + **に堪えない**\n\nHere 堪えない means \" _cannot help feeling_ \" or \" _cannot suppress emotions_ \"\n\nBy the way, 感に堪えない and 感に堪える is the same meaning \" _be impressed deeply_.\"\nSuch a phenomenon sometimes occurs in Japanese. e.g 満遍なく-満遍に(the latter is\nobsolete), おぼろけなり-おぼろけならず(old Japanese), 何気なく-何気に(the latter is slangy)",
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| 48789 | 48802 | 48802 |
{
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"body": "While reviewing my 漢字, I noticed that for \"last\", I have (at least) two words,\neither 最後{さいご} or 最終{さいしゅう}. I was wondering, is there any difference in\nusage, or can I use them equivalently?",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-27T10:34:11.930",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 最後 and 最終?",
"view_count": 7546
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{
"body": "> 最: most; extreme\n>\n> 後: later; latter\n>\n> 終: end\n\n**最後** is used as a noun or a の-adjective. (e.g. 列の最後, 最後の晩餐) In the form of\n**Verb+が/たら+最後** , it means _once_ (e.g. 彼は外に出たが最後... _Once_ he goes out...)\n\n**最終** is used as an adjective right before noun. (e.g. 最終列車, 最終的)\n\nWhen they are adjectives, they are usually interchangeable. (e.g. 最後のバス is\ninterchangeable with 最終バス) \nHowever, while 最終 means to just happen after all other things, 最後 often\nimplies that it is the end of things and that it will never happen again. For\nexample, 最終試合 is just a last game of championships on which someone will be a\nchampion; 最後の試合 is the final game for someone.",
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| 48790 | 48792 | 48792 |
{
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"body": "In the grammar sections of my textbook, I learnt that\n\nSENTENCE + ことになる\n\nExpresses that SENTENCE has been decided.\n\nHowever, in this context, it seems more like ことになる indicates that there is/was\na change of state.\n\n> このように私たちが幸せな生活ができれば、私のゴールを果たしたことになります。 \n> \"If we can all lead a happy life this way, it will be that I have achieved\n> my goal.\"\n\nIf I regard なります as representing present tense, then I could imagine the\n\"decision\" semantics working to a degree, but it would make less sense:\n\n\"If wen can all lead a happy life this way, I decide that I have achieved my\ngoal.\"\n\nAgain, since my textbook only taught me that ことになる expresses a decision, I\nwanted to ask for clarification/confirmation in this case.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "ことになる vs. ことになる, contextwise",
"view_count": 72
} | []
| 48791 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering why the translation for a black cat is 黒猫 and not 黒い猫. It has\ncome to my understanding that 黒い is an adjictive, so that's what should be\nused when modifying a noun. While 黒 is just a noun.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T12:19:04.940",
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"id": "48793",
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"owner_user_id": "21656",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"nouns"
],
"title": "黒い VS 黒 What is the difference between them?",
"view_count": 610
} | [
{
"body": "In short, it's because 黒猫 is an established _single word_ made of two kanji.\nAs you know, [a black cat has its own cultural\nsignificance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_cat) in western countries,\nand this fact is known to Japanese people, too. Someone in the past must have\nfelt it deserved a dedicated single word. It's similar to English words like\n_windmill_ , _airplane_ , _keyboard_ , etc. 白猫 is also used, but other\ncombinations like 茶猫 or 赤猫 are not common.\n\n黒い猫 means a cat which is black. It's always grammatical to say so, but it may\nsound a bit clumsy and it may not carry the connotation the word 黒猫 normally\nhas.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T13:50:40.270",
"id": "48797",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 48793 | null | 48797 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I am searching for a book (preferably in Japanese, English also okay) on kanji\nand / or word etymology. Basically I am looking for something that explains\nthe origin of words, for example: why is 馬鹿 written with horse and deer. Or\nwhy does 虹 consists of the insect radical. I know \"学研新漢和大字典 普及版\", but it's\nstill too hard, so I am looking for something around the level JLPT-2.\nChildren's books are also welcome of course ;) Thanks a lot!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T12:38:50.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48794",
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"owner_user_id": "22730",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Easy book on kanji / word etymology",
"view_count": 263
} | []
| 48794 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48799",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm trying to translate this video ->\n[link](https://youtu.be/zIwF3jH7534?t=2m) and I got stuck at the last bit,\nwhere the speaker mention \" **当然** \"\n\nso this is the transcription,\n\n> まあ、演劇「ハイキュー」自体はやっぱり春も新作があるので、続くんですね。\n>\n> 漫画原作だから、こう、 **当然** だろうと思う人もいると思うんですが、\n>\n> 僕はこの **当然** なことが一番素敵で本当に偉大なことだと思います。\n>\n> こういう、素敵な **当然** の中に居させてくれて、ありがとうございました。\n\nI search the meaning on [Jishou](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%BD%93%E7%84%B6)\nand I still couldn't really grasp the meaning of it in his speech.\n\nTranslation attempt; **This is wrong BTW**\n\n> 漫画原作だから、こう、 **当然** だろうと思う人もいると思うんですが、\n\n= Because of the original manga, I think there are people, who are\n**certain(?)** about that.\n\n> 僕はこの **当然** なことが一番素敵で本当に偉大なことだと思います。\n\n= For me, this \" **certainty** \" is the most wonderful and it's truly the\ngreatest thing.\n\n> こういう、素敵な **当然** の中に居させてくれて、ありがとうございました。\n\nThank you for letting me be in this wonderful **place(?)** <- like I said I'm\nso confused with this...",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T12:45:00.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48795",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "19458",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 当然 mean in this context?",
"view_count": 557
} | [
{
"body": "This 当然 just means \"natural consequence\", \"necessity\", \"inevitability\",\n\"unsurprising fact\", etc.\n\n> 漫画(が)原作だから、こう、当然だろうと思う人もいると思うんですが、 \n> Because it (=stage play of Haikyu!!) has an original manga, well, I think\n> some will think that (=the fact that the stage play will continue) is\n> natural/unsurprising, but...\n>\n> 僕はこの当然なことが一番素敵で本当に偉大なことだと思います。 \n> I think this \"being unsurprising\" is a really wonderful and great thing.\n\nThe last sentence is tricky and somewhat poetic, but こういう素敵な当然 (literally\n\"this wonderful unsurprising-ness\") refers to what was said in the previous\nsentence. So basically what he wants to say is \"thank you for letting me\nparticipate in this play, and for the wonderful fact that the play continues\nto the next sequel without trouble.\"\n\n**EDIT:** 当然 is usually not a positive-sounding word, so you may call this\n素敵な当然 an example of oxymoron.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T14:14:10.293",
"id": "48799",
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}
]
| 48795 | 48799 | 48799 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48806",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The following sentence: この庭にある大きい石と池は、富士山と海を **イメージして** 造られました。\n\nThis イメージ **して** followed by 造られました irritates me. I know of several specific\npatterns where て form is directly succeeded by another verb like 星が見えてきた but I\ndon't know of any such case with 造る. I've little idea how to understand this\nphrase.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T12:51:30.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48796",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-27T15:09:46.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "The interplay of this two verbs",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "There's no grammatical problem here. I would translate this as\n\n> This garden's large rock and the lake were made to give the impression of Mt\n> Fuji and the sea.\n\nEven in English there is a mixture of passive and active, but there's nothing\nawkward or ungrammatical about this.\n\nI wouldn't lump this in with constructions like 星が見えてきた。 The てくる form there is\na fixed grammatical form. There are other uses of the て-form of verbs which\ncan express reason or purpose. For example,\n\n> 一所懸命{いっしょうけんめい}勉強{べんきょう}して試験{しけん}を合格{ごうかく}した。\n>\n> Having studied hard, I passed the exam.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-27T18:11:11.017",
"id": "48806",
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"owner_user_id": "4875",
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]
| 48796 | 48806 | 48806 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48800",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 今 and 今の？ For instance:\n\n> 今の僕にその言葉はないだろう - This word does not exist to me now.\n>\n> 今、僕にその言葉はないだろう - This word does not exist to me now.\n\nI hear 今の a lot in musics and tv shows, but I could not get when I should use\nit over 今, what are the different nuances it brings to the sentence and so on.\n\nAlso I'm not quite sure if it is possible to say:\n\n> 今の僕は朝ごはんを食べる - I will eat breakfast now.\n>\n> 今、僕は朝ごはんを食べる - I will eat breakfast now.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T13:56:16.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48798",
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"owner_user_id": "16104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 今 and 今の？",
"view_count": 1262
} | [
{
"body": "Let's just follow the basic grammar. 今 is an adverbial expression and thus\nmodifies a verb or adjective that follows (in this case, it's 言う omitted after\n言葉(を)). 今の is an adjectival expression and modifies a noun that follows (僕 in\nthis sentence). 今の僕 means \"current me/self\", \"what I am today\", \"me in this\nstate\" etc. In this case, 今の僕 implies he is currently in some special\nsituation. Maybe he is in trouble.\n\nない here is \"unacceptable\", \"no good\", \"impossible\", etc. It's the same as [なし\nin the second sense here](http://jisho.org/word/%E7%84%A1%E3%81%97).\n\n> 今、僕にその言葉(を言うこと)はないだろう \n> 今の僕にその言葉はないだろう \n> (lit.) Saying those words to me now is unacceptable. \n> How dare you say such a thing to me in this situation?\n\nThe difference between the two sentences is not large in thise case.\n\n今の僕は朝ごはんを食べる is grammatical, but 今の僕 implies 僕 is in some special situation\nand has some special reason to eat breakfast at this specific time. In\nordinary and simple contexts, use the adverbial 今.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T14:43:47.360",
"id": "48800",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 48798 | 48800 | 48800 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48868",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across this sentence: 船に乗るのは二回目だ\n\nIt was an example sentence in a Japanese children's book for learning Kanji,\nso there's not any context. Because of 目 I took it to mean \"this is the second\ntime that I ride a boat.\"\n\nHow could I switch the subject around to say \"I'm riding a boat for the second\ntime.\"? I would guess: 今、二回目に船に乗っている. Is it correct to use 二回目に as an adverb\n\"for the second time\" or is there any other (more natural/common) way?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T17:42:06.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48804",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Confusion about usage of ordinal numbers",
"view_count": 236
} | [
{
"body": "「二度も船に乗っている。」 would be close to \"I've ridden in a/the ship/boat before.\"\n\nSo, if you are on the boat now, say, 「（以前に）船に乗ったことがある。」\n\nBut, if you insist on saying, literally, \"I'm riding a boat for the second\ntime,\" and the sentence you started with is for some reason not satisfactory,\ntry it this way: 「私は只今、二回目の船乗りを経験しています。」 and wait for the strange looks and\nnods you get. (You can drop the 「経験」.)\n\nIt's not that they'll think you're being a crazy 外人、 it's that they'll be\nwondering why you are being so emphatic.\n\n(afterthought)\n\nAs far as I have heard it in use, Japanese would tend to accept the phrase\nthat you asked about,「船に乗るのは二回目だ」、 as sufficiently emphasizing that this is\nthe second time. Different emphasis patterns from German.\n\n(end-afterthought)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T21:31:40.747",
"id": "48836",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T08:16:43.340",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T08:16:43.340",
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{
"body": "\"For the second time\" = 二回目に / 二度目に \ncf. \"For the first time\" = 初めて / 最初に \n\"For the third time\" = 三回目に / 三度目に\"\n\nYou can use it like this:\n\n> * **二回目に** 京都へ行ったとき、金閣寺を見ました。 \n> I saw Kinkaku-ji Temple when I went to Kyoto _for the second time_.\n> * **二回目に** 会ったときに電話番号を教えてもらいました。 \n> (Someone) gave me his number when I met him _for the second time_.\n>\n\nSo your sentence \"I'm riding a boat for the second time\" can literally\ntranslate to:\n\n> 二回目に船に乗ります。← You'd usually say this before riding the boat \n> 二回目に船に乗っています。← You'd say this while you're on the boat\n\nThese are grammatically correct and natural, but we'd usually say it more like\n船に乗るのは（これが/これで/今回が/今回で）二回目です。or 二度目です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T07:13:24.017",
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| 48804 | 48868 | 48868 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48817",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, titles are written with all words being capitalized with exception\nof certain noteworthy function words. Given this, what are the rules for\nJapanese titles? I know they exist, titles are clearly written differently;\nbut what exactly are these rules?\n\nAlso, if you could give some example titles where these rules are being\napplied, that would be greatly appreciated. :)\n\nPS. Someone told me that title rules are used when writing news articles as\nwell, like in the body itself; is this true?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T17:56:29.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48805",
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"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"syntax"
],
"title": "How Are Titles Written In Japanese?",
"view_count": 1237
} | [
{
"body": "There is almost no rule specific to titles.\n\n * A period is not used because a title is not a sentence.\n * If English characters appear in the title, it's typically capitalized just like English titles, although this is not really an ironclad rule.\n * If the title is long, typesetters try to avoid breaking a word into two lines. In main text, as you know, you can break words almost freely.\n * Word usage itself can also differ. See [what is the name of the abbreviated writing style used in newspapers?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14512/5010)\n\nOf course there are also differences of graphic design. For example, Japanese\npeople love to [decorate titles with fancy borders or frames with an\nillustration](http://midashi-design.com/).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T03:43:42.160",
"id": "48817",
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| 48805 | 48817 | 48817 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48812",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> あなたはあの人の家に行くことはいつですか\n\nIs that correct or natural?\n\nSome people translate it as\n\n> あなたはいつあの人の家にいくんですか\n\nor:\n\n> いつあなたはあの人の家に行くんですか\n\nI have trouble using `いつ`, is there any rule to it? you can put it in any part\nof a sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T20:58:17.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48808",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-11T01:49:55.353",
"last_edit_date": "2019-01-11T01:49:55.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "19322",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-order"
],
"title": "Is this translation of \"When are you going to that person's house?\" correct?",
"view_count": 424
} | [
{
"body": "> あなたはあの人の家に行くことはいつですか\n\nI would say it as 「あなた **が** あの人の家に行く **の** はいつですか。」 \nThis sounds like \"When is it that you're going to that person's house?\" rather\nthan \"When are you going to that person's house?\"\n\n* * *\n\n> あなたはいつあの人の家にいくんですか \n> いつあなたはあの人の家に行くんですか\n\nBoth sound fine to me, and their fundamental meanings are the same (though\nthey might have different nuances or focuses). You would still be understood\nif you said it as あなたはあの人の家にいつ行くんですか. In Japanese, the word order is often\nflexible (the verb comes at the end in normal sentences though) as long as\nyou're using the right particles for the right words.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T23:31:09.980",
"id": "48812",
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| 48808 | 48812 | 48812 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48819",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does the character say in this video? It's translated as \"what's that?\" .\nI would expect him to say, nanda kore, nani kore,nanda kore wa, sore wa nan\ndesu ka, , kore wa nan desu ka or something like that but what I hear is\n\n\"nanda (unintelligible word) wa\"\n\n<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_vqJGKvn5k#t=5m57s>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T22:30:17.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48810",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T05:17:31.253",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Alternative ways to say \"what's that?\"",
"view_count": 1296
} | [
{
"body": "He says \"なんだ、あれは\". It's the same meaning as 'あれはなんだ', 'あれはなんですか'. 'これ' means\n'this', 'あれ' means 'that' (something not nearby).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T05:01:11.697",
"id": "48819",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T05:17:31.253",
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"owner_user_id": "22736",
"parent_id": "48810",
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"score": 3
}
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| 48810 | 48819 | 48819 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48827",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This phrase from a song \"ano ko ga futteita makka na sukaafu\" is gramatically\ncorrect? shouldnt be\n\nano ko ga makka na sukaafu o futteita ?\n\nBTW, ko is translated as \"girl\" . Ko has many meanings, but I dont remember\nany of them being \"girl\". Shouldnt be \"kid\" here?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-27T23:26:10.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48811",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T04:20:44.397",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-28T00:08:47.220",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "is this sentence gramatically correct? \"ano ko ga futteita makka na sukaafu\"",
"view_count": 720
} | [
{
"body": "Two things to address here, I'll start with the easy one.\n\n子(ko) means 'child' for certain, but Japanese people tend to view children as\nmore or less as a feminine entity, regardless of the child's sex/gender, in\nthe case of referring to them. In this case, 'child' and 'girl' are more or\nless synonymous.\n\nAs for the order of the sentence in the song, it is a literary device akin to\nusing a semi-colon or comma in English, when the complete sentence is spoken\nand the subject given after. If you translate the sentence directly, you might\nend up with:\n\n> あの子が振っていた真っ赤なスカーフ \n> ano ko ga futteita makka na sukaafu \n> She was waving it, her bright red scarf\n\nI'm making some assumption about the meanings of the words, without some\nadditional context (what's the song?) I can't tell you exactly what they are\ndescribing.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T01:06:43.620",
"id": "48815",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T01:06:43.620",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "21684",
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},
{
"body": "To add to psosuna's answer, it's worth noting that the line in question is not\na sentence, grammatically speaking. It is a noun phrase, with スカーフ as the main\nor \"head\" noun and the preceding portions all describing the scarf. English\nmakes use of relative clauses, with _\"that\"_ used to coordinate, whereas\nJapanese allows modifying phrases to directly modify nouns.\n\nDirect translation of the Japanese:\n\n> あの子が振っていた真っ赤なスカーフ \n> _ano ko ga futte ita makka na sukāfu_ \n> that girl [subj] waving was pure-red [adj] scarf\n\nAn idiomatic English rendering, keeping the structure as a noun phrase:\n\n> the pure-red scarf that that girl was waving",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T06:55:35.100",
"id": "48827",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T06:55:35.100",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "> ano ko ga futteita makka na sukaafu\n\nThis is a part of [lyrics](http://www.kasi-time.com/item-18586.html) of an\ninserted song to the animated movie Space Battleship Yamato (Japanese: 宇宙戦艦ヤマト\nUchū Senkan Yamato, also called Cosmoship Yamato).\n\nNot only I but most Japanese don't think the given phrase means _ano ko ga\nmakka na sukaafu o futteita_.\n\nIt is a part of an apparently unfinished sentence but it is considered a part\nof a sentence omitting the important rest of the whole sentence, therefore the\nphrase itself gives us who read or sing it room to image.\n\nThe room would be filled with various things basically depend on the context\nsurrounding the phrase and more importantly depend on the ability of the\nrecipients.\n\nBefore I read the whole lyrics of the song, I imagined the whole or the\ncomplete sentence including the phrase might be like:\n\n * 私は **あの娘が振っていた真っ赤なスカーフ** が忘れられない。 \n_I can not forget **the bright red scarf that the girl was waving**_. \nor\n\n * 私は **あの娘が振っていた真っ赤なスカーフ** が目に焼き付いている。 \n_**The bright red scarf that the girl was waving** is branded on my mind_.\n\n> \"ano ko ga futteita makka na sukaafu\" is gramatically correct?\n\nYes, the given phrase is gramatically perfectly correct as Japanese and it\nuses a technique in rhetoric, called a [体言止め]{taigendome} or \"substantive\nstop\" (to use a noun in the end of a phrase omitting an important part like a\npredicate or a verb), which gives the phrase momentum, reverberation and gives\nroom to think.\n\nAs for _**ko**_ , there are roughly three ways to use in Japanese.\n\nThe First one is very common. When you point your finger at a boy or a girl\naround under 10 to 12 years old, you would say \" **ano-ko** or _that\nkid/child_ \".\n\nThe second one is used, when parents, especially a mother, talk about their\nson or daughter, even how old the \"ko\" may be, in a phrase such as: \" **ano-\nko** wa ima nani o shite-iru ka-shira?\" \" _What is my son/daughter is doing\nnow?_ \"\n\nAs for the last one, _**ko**_ in _ano-ko_ in the given phrase, it means a\n_**girl**_ which is written **娘** not 子 in _kanji_. There is not any rule\nneither in kun-yomi nor in on-yomi for 娘 to be read as \"KO\", I think, but we\nwrite \"あの娘\" and read it as \"ano-KO\" habitually.\n\nUsually _**ano-ko**_ is a set phrase which means _that girl_ (あの娘 or あの女の子)\nnot _that child/kid_ (あの子), which is a girl as an object of love.\n\n* * *\n\n## Lyrics\n\n真っ赤なスカーフ\n\n**あの娘がふっていた** \n**真っ赤なスカーフ** \n誰のためだと 思っているか \n誰のためでも いいじゃないか \nみんなその気でいればいい \n旅立つ男の胸には \nロマンのかけらがほしいのさ \nラララ... \nラララ... 真っ赤なスカーフ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T13:54:17.163",
"id": "48885",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "48811",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48811 | 48827 | 48827 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was writing a story for Wattpad, in which the two main characters spoke both\nJapanese and English, when I wanted one to say \"You did no better than I\". I\nlooked it up in my dictionary, and I could not find the word 'did'. Another\nway to say that sentence would suffice, but I would appreciate how to say the\nword 'did' in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T00:31:18.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48813",
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"owner_user_id": "22733",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"tense"
],
"title": "What is the past tense of suru (do), which would be did?",
"view_count": 2070
} | [
{
"body": "The past tense of する (suru) would not show up in a dictionary as it is a\nconjugation of a verb. Conjugations typically do not show up in a dictionary.\nFor that, you're better off consulting a textbook, to pick up verb\nconjugations as you learn the language.\n\nThat being said, the past tense conjugation, sometimes referred to as the\nた(ta)-form, for する (suru) is した (shita).\n\nAlso, for what it's worth, I'm not sure what tone your character is speaking\nin, but for formality's sake, there are separate conjugations for past tense\ndepending on how polite you'd like to sound. した(shita) is standard, but for\nmore polite, you might want to try しました(shimashita).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T00:58:01.527",
"id": "48814",
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| 48813 | null | 48814 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48823",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How to say \" I'll leave it to you \" and \"make it little shorter\" to\nbarber/hairdresser in barbershop/salon. Thank you",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T05:30:16.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "22734",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Conversation in barbershop",
"view_count": 195
} | [
{
"body": "まかした ＝i'll leave it to you. もうすこし短く = a little shorter",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T05:35:15.940",
"id": "48822",
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{
"body": "To ask nicely to make it a little bit shorter would be :\n\n> 少し｛すこし｝短く｛みじかく｝してください\n\nI will leave it up to you would be :\n\n> 任せます｛まかせます｝\n\nI suppose you come sum it up with something like :\n\n> 少し｛すこし｝短く｛みじかく｝してください、細かい｛こまかい｝事｛こと｝は、任せます｛まかせます｝。\n\nWhich would basically translate to something like :\n\n> Please make it slightly shorter, I will leave the details to you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T05:35:40.237",
"id": "48823",
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{
"body": "The answers of others are correct. \nIf you're worried, just bring a picture of the hair style of another person\nyou like or a picture of your own favorite hairstyle and say \" **I want to\nhave my hair cut like this. このようにしてください _kono-yohni-shite-kudasai_** \".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T08:27:54.300",
"id": "48828",
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "48821",
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"score": 2
}
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| 48821 | 48823 | 48823 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48831",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For more context, see this doc:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/qteAJpo/img-20170628-0002-new.pdf.html>\n\nThe sentence in question is the following from line 5 to 6:\n自分にそんな質問をして、それに有名作家に **なった** つもり **で** 答えるんです。\n\nFirst Im confused by the use of tense here. Why is there past tense used in\nなった here, while we have present in the main clauses predicative 答える,\nconcerning the context? The author is telling about his past habits of\nconstructing fictional interviews with himself as the interviewee. So I'd\nrather expect the tense in both the subclause and the mainclause to be past\ntense, at the utmost I'd expect the subclause to be in present tense like it\nwould be in english (okay in english its actually an infinitive, but its at\nleast the infinitive categorized as the infinitive of the present tense ^^):\n\"..., in addition I answered that I plan to become a famous writer.\"\n\nSecond, I don't know about the で after つもり. Is it the particle で, is it a\nshortened version of です? Considering that the subclause ending with つもり\nsomehow needs to be embedded into the mainclause, I'd rather say it's the\nparticle: \"..., I answer **with** intent to become a famous writer.\" This has\nit's own caveats though, because I've never seen this before outside\nnominalizations with こと/の, which clearly can be used to nominalize a whole\nsubclause. Just putting で after つもり could be interpreted like this as well\n\"...,I answer with the intent of becoming a famous writer.\" but this would\nobliterate the lines between the subclause and the mainclause, unless I wrote:\n\"..., I answer with the intent, that I want to become a a famous writer.\"\nwhich again assumes structures which arent explicitely shown in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-28T09:57:00.050",
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"id": "48829",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T11:53:03.350",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Problems with this sentences grammar",
"view_count": 140
} | [
{
"body": "\"Intend\" is not the only meaning of つもり. Its basic sense is \"what someone has\nin mind\", \"what someone is thinking of\". This may be an intention, a\nsupposition, an idea, a hope, a presumption, an impression, etc. The pattern\nillustrated here (つもり+ Particle で) can mean not only \"with the intention of\",\nbut also \"with a sense that\", \"on the assumption that\". Here, the speaker is a\nfamous writer telling how, in the days before he was successful, he would\npretend (ごっこ) that he was already famous and that he was being interviewed by\na journalist. He would ask himself what it was like when he was poor and\nunknown and answer in the persona of the best-selling writer he hoped to\nbecome. The sentence means \"Asking myself such questions, I would answer on\nthe supposition/assumption that I had [already] become a famous writer\". A bit\nmore idiomatically, \"I would ask myself questions like that and answer them as\nthough I were already a famous writer\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-28T11:53:03.350",
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| 48829 | 48831 | 48831 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48834",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For more context, see the full text:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/qteAJpo/img-20170628-0002-new.pdf.html>\n\nIt is from line 13-14:\n頭の中に具体的に理想の自分がイメージできたら、立っている位置を変えて、今の、つまりイメージの中では過去の自分と向き合うのです。\n\n\"When the self of concrete ideals comes up in the mind and you switch the\nposition you are standing on, in other words in the inside of the image of\nnow, you are face to face with your past self.\"\n\nThe placement of つまり for example confused me because at least from my foreign\nperspective its like its just thrown into the clause it belongs to xD Also, I\nfeel unsure about my understanding of the clause ranging from 今の to 中では and\nits integration into the surrounding. I didn't really know what to make of the\nparticle で in this particular context, and I think my rather bumpy translation\nreflects this, because the image (pun intended) that comes to mind when\nreading this part seems overly complicated to me...^^",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T16:59:30.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48833",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-28T18:46:57.467",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Did I analyze the structure of this sentence correctly?",
"view_count": 77
} | [
{
"body": "つまり is summing up what has just been said. It seems to me like you've got it\nperfectly right. I'd translate the sentence a bit differently, but I think\nyou've done a decent job. Here's how I'd approach it.\n\n> If in your mind you can concretely imagine your ideal self, swap the place\n> where you are standing, **in other words** in this imagining the you who you\n> are now is facing the you who you were in the past.\n\nIf I wanted this to sound a bit more fluid in English then I might take\ngreater liberties with the translation and render it as\n\n> Once you've managed to imagine your ideal self, swap places. In other words,\n> you imagine that you are now your future self facing your current self.\n\nI think part of what you might be struggling with is are the relative clauses\n今の and 過去の. You could think of \"の” as being \"of\", but I think it's much better\nin this context to think of it as a particular form of ”だ” used to modify a\nfollowing noun.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T18:22:36.913",
"id": "48834",
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| 48833 | 48834 | 48834 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48841",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This phrase \"te wo furu hito ni egao de kotae\" is translated as \"Smiling back\nto the people who waves their hands\"\n\n\"te wo furu hito ni\" I suppose it's \"to the people who waves their hands\" ,\nkotae is \"to respond\" and \"egao\" is \"smile\". Then why it's \"egao de kotae\" and\nnot \"egao o kotae\" . With \"egao de kotae\" isnt it trying to say \"respond a\nsmile\" or the literal translation would be another? Does this verb simply work\nwith \"de\" instead of \"o\" or is there any other explanation and I'm getting it\nall wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T21:30:22.777",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48835",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T01:22:04.003",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Why does this phrase use \"de\" and not \"o\" \"te wo furu hito ni egao de kotae\"?",
"view_count": 236
} | [
{
"body": "笑顔{えがお} is not the object of 答える, instead it's showing the manner in which the\nanswer was given, \"with a smile\", hence the use of the particle で. I don't\nbelieve that 答える is a transitive verb in Japanese. You can use it with either\nに or と such as\n\n> はいと答えた。 She answered \"yes\".\n\nor\n\n> 質問に答えた。 She answered the questions.\n\nBut I don't believe it's grammatically correct or natural to say\n\n> ** 質問を答えた。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T22:08:45.027",
"id": "48841",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "English is off-topic, but I can't comment yet, so I'll note by answer that the\npreferred English would be \"responding **with** a smile\".\n\nSo the English and Japanese are somewhat corollary here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T01:22:04.003",
"id": "48848",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22711",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48835 | 48841 | 48841 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48840",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "AFAIK , hoshi 星 means both star and planet (except for the sun and the moon),\nwhen 惑星 means only planet. is there any word to refer to stars only?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T21:36:47.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48837",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-26T13:41:23.670",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-26T13:41:23.670",
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is there any word for stars only?",
"view_count": 3526
} | [
{
"body": "Even the word \"star\" in English can embrace _planets_ (and other objects such\nas in \"falling _star_ \") too, after all planets have in the past also been\ncalled wandering _stars_. In fact, the etymology of _planet_ is to _wander_.\n\nThere is a term which, in Japanese, refers to _fixed stars_ , 恒星{こうせい}. This\nis probably the term you are then looking for. I suspect (I'm not a native\nspeaker) that this is a somewhat Intechnical term. But, I also believe that\nwhen one says星{ほし}, what comes to mind for most listeners will be just what we\nthink of as \"star\".",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T22:00:34.390",
"id": "48840",
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"owner_user_id": "4875",
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| 48837 | 48840 | 48840 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm trying to translate this video ->\n[link](https://youtu.be/zIwF3jH7534?t=1m42s) and the following is the\ntranscription\n\nAt 1:42\n\n> 千秋楽を迎えると、なんかこう、\n>\n> 始まりと、こう、終わりを **繰り返すんだなって** 、\n>\n> こう、改めて実感するというか、\n>\n> 顔合わせから今日千秋楽まで、えーとなんかこう、\n>\n> すごい、今日でこの今回の作品が完成したんだなと思いました。\n\nMy question is how to tell if this means \"the beginning and the ending **are\nrepeated** or **will be repeated**?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T21:44:29.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48839",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T08:02:08.930",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "19458",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "What is the correct tense for translating 繰り返すんだな?",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "~~It does sound like he said ［繰り返す」、 but I'm going to guess he meant\n「[振り返す]{ふりかえす}」. See if \"going back over\" works for you in context. (If it\ndoes, I assume you'll know the answer to this question.)~~\n\nI'll withdraw this. I should have backed up a bit further than I did to\nlisten. Chocolate is right.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T01:09:52.667",
"id": "48847",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T02:00:19.220",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T02:00:19.220",
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"owner_user_id": "22711",
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"score": 1
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{
"body": "> 『始まりと、（こう、）終わりを繰り返すんだな』って改めて実感する\n\n\"It really makes me feel/realize once again that we repeat the beginning and,\n(erm,) the end\"\n\nHe's saying they actors regularly repeat starting and ending working together\nevery time they produce a work.\n\nAccording to\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/162229/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AA/), the\nな here is used in the sense of:\n\n> な 1⃣［終助］ \n> ３ 活用語の終止形、助詞に付く。 \n> ㋓感動・詠嘆の意を表す。「この暑さにはまいった **な** 」「楽しい **な** 」\n\nIt's a 終助詞(sentence-ending particle) indicating exclamation or admiration.\n\n「『～～な』と思う」「『～～なぁ』と感じる」「『～～な』と実感する」 etc. are common ways to state one's\nimpression or feelings.\n\nExample:\n\n> * 英語って難しいなあって改めて感じました。 \n> I really felt once again that English is difficult.\n>",
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"creation_date": "2017-06-29T01:44:42.347",
"id": "48849",
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}
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| 48839 | null | 48849 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48859",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I understand how relative clauses are formed in Japanese; but, are there any\ndifferences with regards to where, what, when, and why, a relative clause is\nused?\n\nThe two languages' relative clauses look very different, and Japanese\nsentences like using really long ones; so would I be right in thinking\nJapanese people apply them differently, too?\n\nPlease give examples if possible, thanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-28T23:39:37.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48844",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T03:49:52.480",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-28T23:46:10.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17968",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Are relative clauses used differently in Japanese?",
"view_count": 367
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, the construction is rather different, and it causes many of us to stumble\nat times. No pronouns are used to hook things up.\n\nWikipedia has some [useful\ninformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_clause#Japonic_languages).\n\nYou should probably put that into context after reading the entry on Japanese\nby backing up and reading at least the explanatory part at the top of the page\nand the examples in your mother tongue.\n\nAlso, the [Japanese Wikipedia page on the\nsubject](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E7%AF%80) is\ninformative.\n\nAn example I can think of:\n\n> A book that I read <==> ボクが読んだ本\n\nseems fairly straightforward. But there are some ambiguities, in that we\nsometimes can't tell for sure about certain details of the relationship,\nexcept by context. For example,\n\n> the boy for whom I read this book\n\nis not easy to transliterate.\n\n> この本を読んであげた男の子\n\nwould usually be interpreted as the boy who read this book\". Nevertheless, I\nam told that, given the context, it could be read as \"the boy for whom I read\nthis book\".\n\nTo explain that, what I generally hear in conversation is something like the\nfollowing:\n\nA:\n\n> ボクがね、ある男の子［のため］にこの本を読んであげたのね、…\n\nB:\n\n> そうですね。\n\nA:\n\n> その男の子…\n\nExcept that you should understand the first sentence as a summary of part of\nthe conversation to that point. You don't usually hear it said quite that\ndirectly. 「のため」 is optional, and, if you were to hear this exact sentence, it\nwould likely be without the 「のため」.\n\nGiven that sort of context, you could use\n\n> この本を読んであげた男の子\n\nBut you'd probably prefer to use\n\n> ボクが読んであげるのを聞いてくれた男の子\n\nwhich is basically \"the boy who listened to (or heard) me read the book\".\n\nIn writing, if you needed to be exact, it would be something like\n\n> ボクが（ある男の子に）この本を読んであげた。その男の子…\n\nfrom which you can maybe see how the above ambiguous construction works.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T00:54:51.133",
"id": "48846",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T00:54:51.133",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22711",
"parent_id": "48844",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Japanese relative clauses can be very long, but it can be very short, too.\nHere are examples of Japanese relative clauses.\n\n> * 飛ぶ鳥 flying bird\n> * 青い鳥 blue bird\n> * 変な本 strange book\n> * 見るの (the action of) seeing\n> * 見ること (the action of) seeing\n>\n\nIf you think the second and the third ones are not using a relative clause,\nplease read [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1016/5010). The\nlast two are better known as nominalization, but functionally they're relative\nclauses, too. So Japanese relative clauses are syntactically much simpler, and\nin a sense, typical Japanese sentences use many micro relative clauses like\nthese.\n\nBut at the same time, Japanese relative clauses can be very long and nested.\nEnglish sentences often make use of \"it\" as a dummy (or empty, formal)\nsubject/object in order to change the word order and say an important\npredicate first (examples of [dummy\nsubjects](http://www.ravco.jp/cat/view.php?cat_id=5572) and [dummy\nobjects](http://www.ravco.jp/cat/view.php?cat_id=5573)). The Japanese language\ndoesn't have this structure and rather prefers very long relative clauses.\n\n> **_It_ is my pleasure to have** an opportunity to make a speech at this\n> distinguished gathering and share my view on the various problems in Asian\n> countries with you. \n> {この素晴らしい集まりでスピーチをし、アジア各国の諸問題に関する私の考えを皆様と共有する機会を頂けました} **ことは光栄です。**\n\nOther examples are [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48622/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39604/5010). I don't know which is\n\"simpler\", but I kind of feel the Japanese way is consistent :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T03:49:52.480",
"id": "48859",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T03:49:52.480",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48844",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48844 | 48859 | 48859 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> そんなわけでな、ここでもしあなたが入ってくれれば廃部にならなくてすむんだよ\n\nRight now i have ここでもし as \"(i'm) here (with some uncertainty) because...\" but\nit feels like a bit of a stretch.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T02:23:38.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48851",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T03:00:36.617",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T02:29:36.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of でもし in this sentence",
"view_count": 99
} | [
{
"body": "> ここでもし => here, if\n\nSo,\n\n> もしあなたが入ってくれれば\n\nis what you want to focus on.\n\n> If you had joined (the club)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T03:00:36.617",
"id": "48856",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T03:00:36.617",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22711",
"parent_id": "48851",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48851 | null | 48856 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48870",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Does the って in the レニーって男が来て脅されたんだよ refer to Lenny being the party who\nthreatens the man?\n\nLenny is a thug\n\nI think the sentence reads Lenny threatened a man who came.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T02:25:11.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48852",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T08:29:22.020",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T07:46:33.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "22593",
"owner_user_id": "22593",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of って in レニーって男が来て脅されたんだよ",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "「レニーって男」 is \"a man called Lenny\".\n\nWhether he was the threatening or the threatened party depends on the context\nyou've left out. 「脅される」 is usually to be threatened, but it could be an ironic\npolite form here.\n\n(update)\n\nWith 「んだよ」 on the end, it does seem more likely that it was the man called\nLenny who was either threatened or intimidated. Not guaranteed, but you would\nexpect [句点]{くてん} if it were the レニーっていう男 doing the threatening。\n\n> レニーって男が来て、脅されたんだよ\n\nIt also might be a bit odd for the intimidater to be spoken of with respect,\nso we should not expect that reading even with the 句点。 Probably it was the man\ncalled Lenny who was threatened.\n\n(woops)\n\nI missed that you had added that Lenny was known to be a thug. That fact\n(probably) overrides the rest of my theorizing, so that the speaker can be\nassumed to be the subject rather than the man called Lenny.\n\n(end-woops)\n\nTo make one more thing a bit more clear, 「って」 here is an abbreviation of\n「っていう」 or 「という」.\n\n(end-update)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T03:05:07.750",
"id": "48857",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T08:29:22.020",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T08:29:22.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "22711",
"owner_user_id": "22711",
"parent_id": "48852",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> レニーって男が来て脅されたんだよ\n\nWe'd normally interpret it as...\n\n( _lit._ ) \"A man called Lenny came, and I was threatened (by him).\" \n→ \"A man called Lenny came and threatened me.\"\n\nThe って is a colloquial version of という. \nレニー **って** 男 = レニー **という** 男",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T08:09:40.730",
"id": "48870",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T08:17:34.090",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T08:17:34.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "48852",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 48852 | 48870 | 48870 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48871",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I encountered the following example sentence in a book describing the uses of\n反面:\n\n> 仕事を辞めて自由な時間が増えた反面、緊張感もなくなってしまった。\n>\n> Since I quit my job, I do have more free time but I also lost my nervous\n> feeling. (I'm aware this might be too figurative)\n\nThat translation sounds unusual to me because I do not think \"not having a\nnervous feeling\" and \"having more free time\" contrast each other enough to be\njoined with \"but\". I think they should be joined with \"and\". However, all the\nsources I found state that 反面 is used to present different sides.\n\nMy questions are:\n\n 1. Does the Japanese sentence, by virtue of using 反面 (and probably しまった), imply that the speaker believes \"緊張感もない\" is a negative consequence?\n\n 2. Is 緊張感 considered a positive emotion in Japan?\n\n 3. Would the sentence make sense if the clauses were combined with だけでなく or just the て形?\n\nEDIT: My reasoning behind question 3 is that, based on the translations of 緊張感\n[(Jisho.com reference)](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%B7%8A%E5%BC%B5%E6%84%9F),\n\"仕事を辞めて自由な時間が増えた **だけでなく** 、緊張感もなくなってしまった\" would mean \"...not only do I have\nmore free time, I also lost my feelings of nervousness.\" Is this not a natural\nway of using だけでなく?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T02:30:59.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48853",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-01T05:02:24.290",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does 反面 require contrasting clauses?",
"view_count": 354
} | [
{
"body": "Try, reading 「緊張感もない」 as \"nothing to keep me on my toes.\"\n\nIt definitely does not mean \"nervousness\" here. \"Energy\" would work better,\nsimilar to the way understanding Japanese use of 「テンション」 works better if you\nthink in terms of the German word, and not the English.\n\n緊張 is a tension between opposing forces, like the tension on a spring or piano\nwire.\n\n(afterthought)\n\nChecking the meanings of 緊：\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/58754/meaning/m0u/>\n\n<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B7%8A>\n\nI like the explanations in Japanese better than the ones in English, because\nthey seem more clear to me. (You can switch to Japanese on both of those.)\n\n「[引き締める]{ひきしめる}」、 for example.\n\nand of 張:\n\n<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5>\n\n<https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/en/%E5%BC%B5/m0u/>\n\n「張る」 comes quickly to mind, anyway -- ca. 「[気を張る]{きをはる}」。\n\nIt's very clear that 「緊張」 maps well to tension.\n\nIn physics, tension can be a very useful thing.\n\nThe first time I heard a teacher I was working with say,\n「今日はちょっとテンションアップしましょう。」 in a classroom, I did a double-take, because she was\nclearly not using it in an ironic sense. She was asking them to focus on\nclasswork.\n\nEven so, when she said on a different day, 「おマエら、ちょっとテンションダウンすぎるよ！」 I did a\nsecond double-take, for two reasons. One, if they were American kids, the\natmosphere would have been just about perfect for a really good session of\nunplanned exploration.\n\n(I'm always happy to use side-tours to reinforce principles I'm working on.)\n\nBut she wanted them significantly more focused that day. We had a good lesson.\n\nThis was a good teacher. She was strict, but she also knew how and when to\nloosen the reigns. I could not do the things she did in class, at least not\nuntil many years later, and I still go at it a different way.\n\nTension means something to the Japanese that it doesn't mean to most\nAmericans, and probably most people from the UK, Canada, Australia, and New\nZealand.\n\n(end-afterthought)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T02:54:08.773",
"id": "48855",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-01T05:02:24.290",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-01T05:02:24.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "22711",
"owner_user_id": "22711",
"parent_id": "48853",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "> 1. Does the Japanese sentence, by virtue of using 反面 (and probably しまった),\n> imply that the speaker believes \"緊張感もない\" is a negative consequence?\n>\n\nYes.\n\n> 2. Is 緊張感 considered a positive emotion in Japan?\n>\n\nNot always. It depends on the context. \n緊張 usually has a negative connotation, but 緊張 **感** is often used in a\npositive meaning. And here in your context, it is used as a positive emotion.\n\n> 3. Would the sentence make sense if the clauses were combined with だけでなく\n> or just the て形?\n>\n\n「仕事を辞めて自由な時間が増えた **だけでなく** 、緊張感もなくなってしまった」 doesn't really make sense.\n「仕事を辞めて自由な時間が増え **て** 、緊張感もなくなってしまった」 doesn't sound too good, either. I would\nrephrase it as:\n\n> 仕事を辞めて自由な時間が増えた｛が/けれど/けれども｝、（逆に/反対に）緊張感はなくなってしまった。(も→は) \n> 仕事を辞めて自由な時間が増えた｛が/けれど/けれども｝、（同時に）緊張感もなくなってしまった。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T08:45:52.783",
"id": "48871",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T08:45:52.783",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "48853",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "1. Yes. \n反面 is used to contrast two things. In the sentence, \"自由な時間が増えた\" is mentioned\nas a positive consequence of quitting the job so \"緊張感もなくなった\" is the opposite.\n[しまった](http://languagesareweird.blogspot.ru/2011/10/using-to-express-regret-\nor-completion.html) here adds the nuance of \"regrettably.\"\n\n* * *\n\n 2. As Chocolateさん said, it depends on the context and 緊張感 is often used in a positive meaning. 緊張感がない usually means \"not be careful,\" or \"being careless.\"\n\n* * *\n\n 3. No. The two clauses are contrary, so you cannot combine them with だけでなく or て-form.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T11:37:13.117",
"id": "48879",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T11:37:13.117",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19441",
"parent_id": "48853",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48853 | 48871 | 48871 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48860",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So was getting my haircut and told them to cut it like the image below, the\nbeautician said something like「。。。メリハリ。。。」and I was wondering what it means...\n\nI did online searches and while the definition (in Japanese) is there, I guess\nI don't really \" **get it** \"...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BPjbr.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T03:42:24.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48858",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T04:08:33.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「メリハリ」",
"view_count": 647
} | [
{
"body": "メリハリ refers to a good contrast between an important/strong/dynamic part and an\nunimportant/weak/static part.\n\nメリハリがない生活 is a monotonous life. メリハリがついたスピーチをしてください means you should make the\nimportant part sound important and avoid a flat tone.\n\nIt's a bit difficult for me to explain what's 髪型のメリハリ, but I think it\nbasically refers to some complex/dynamic/lively appearance.\n\nメリハリ is usually written in katakana (or sometimes hiragana). Etymologically,\nめり (滅り) referred to a low-pitched sound and はり (張り) referred to a high-pitched\nsound. A kango equivalent of メリハリ is\n[抑揚](http://jisho.org/search/%E6%8A%91%E6%8F%9A), but メリハリ is more often used\nfiguratively.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T04:02:40.007",
"id": "48860",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T04:08:33.150",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T04:08:33.150",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48858",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 48858 | 48860 | 48860 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48865",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that your can connect to adjectives with the て form, for example,\n\n僕の彼女は美しくて優しいです。 My girfriend is beautiful and kind\n\nbut can you follow that て with a continuation of the sentence, for example,\n\n僕の彼女は美しくて僕が醜いなのに、僕が好きです。 My girlfriend is beautiful, and despite my being\nugly, she likes me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T04:11:32.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48861",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T06:32:38.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22318",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Using adjective's て form as \"and\"",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, you can. For example, 彼女は優しくて、彼女の母も優しいのに、僕は彼女とは結婚したくない. However you may\nomit て.\n\nAnd 僕の彼女は美しくて僕は醜いのに、彼女は僕(のこと)が好きです would be more natural.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T06:05:29.757",
"id": "48865",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T06:32:38.347",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T06:32:38.347",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "48861",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48861 | 48865 | 48865 |
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