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{
"accepted_answer_id": "48866",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The words [夫]{おっと}and [主人]{しゅ・じん} both mean \"husband\".\n\nWhat's the difference between them?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T04:48:39.390",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48862",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 夫 and 主人?",
"view_count": 2552
} | [
{
"body": "The meaning is basically the same as you said: husband.\n\nAccording to [this website](http://xn--t8juf.net/2910.html) the main\ndifference is in the situation in which you use these words.\n\nSimply put:\n\n**「夫」:** You can use it in most situations.\n\n**「主人」:** Mostly used when talking with superiors or people you're not very\nfamiliar with.\n\n**BONUS:**\n\n**「旦那{だんな}」:** Is used when you are speaking with people you are familiar\nwith.\n\nTo be even more precise it seems that 「夫」 is used as the opposite word of\n「妻{つま}」 (wife). On the other hand 主人 bears a bit more the meaning of \"house\nchief\" or \"master\" (of the house).\n\nI can expand more maybe later (I gotta go back to work now :p ).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-29T06:15:59.013",
"id": "48866",
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{
"body": "「主人」 is \"master\", as in \"master of the house\". It can be used in some other\nsituations where we might use master, as well. (But not all.)\n\n「旦那」 means somewhat the same, but should be considered strictly colloquial.\nThe use varies a bit by dialect, however. It is usually used relative to one's\nown 主人、 except you use 「旦那様」 for 「ご主人」 in certain dialects。\n\nA woman can be called either, particularly if she is a widow, or is otherwise\nthe master of a house. (But some widows would not appreciate it, so don't use\neither relative to a woman unless you are given explicit permission by the\nwoman in question, herself. Really awkward, such situations.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-29T07:26:22.100",
"id": "48869",
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]
| 48862 | 48866 | 48866 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48864",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Japanese, a **文【ぶん】** is basically anything which is delimited by periods\n(マル) or question/exclamation marks. For example, let's say there is a\nparagraph like this in the middle of the main text of a novel.\n\n> 夕暮れの川岸を一人で歩く俺。太陽の光を浴びて輝く水面。頬を撫でる風。\n\nHere, we have rather simple\n[体言止め](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010) expressions, which\nmake this paragraph compact yet dramatic. Despite being 体言止め, I believe there\nare **three 文** in this paragraph, simply because there are three periods. If\nI were to explain this paragraph with grammatical terms, I would say something\nlike this: \"This is a paragraph which contains three sentences. Each sentence\nlacks a main predicate; instead, one long noun phrase forms the entire\nsentence.\"\n\nHowever, on this site, I keep seeing assertions like \"Strictly/Grammatically\nspeaking, this is not a sentence in the first place\" to explain this pattern.\nAnd to my surprise, apparently many users favor this type of explanation. The\nmost recent example is\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48811/5010).\n\nSo I thought, \"Ah okay, **grammatically** speaking, _sentence_ in English\nmeans something different from 文 in Japanese, and a _sentence_ always needs a\nmain predicate!\"\n\nHowever, I failed to find any credible source to support this. All the serious\nEnglish articles I've read so far say that a sentence doesn't necessarily have\na main predicate. For example, \"Hi.\", \"Yes.\", \"At three o'clock.\" and \"Two\npizzas with cheese crust, please.\" are English sentences (categorized as\n[minor\nsentences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_\\(linguistics\\)#Major_and_minor_sentences))\nsimply because they begin with a capital letter and end with a period. Simply\nput, I found essentially no difference between _sentence_ in English and 文 in\nJapanese.\n\nSo my question is as follows: Is 文 different from _sentence_? Ordinary English\nspeakers have an idea of _sentence_ which is different from the formal\ndictionary definition? English speakers who are learning Japanese actually\ntend to feel **there is no sentence** in the paragraph above? If yes, how many\nsentences are there in [this\narticle](http://ja.uncyclopedia.info/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%A8%80%E6%AD%A2%E3%82%81)?\nI feel there are dozens of 文's, and I have never doubted that. On a website\nwhere not everyone is an expert, is it unsafe/misleading/unpractical to call\nthe 文 above 'Japanese sentences'?\n\nAs far as I can tell, I have never seen a Japanese article which says\nsomething like \"体言止めの\"文\"には述語がないので、厳密な文法的には文ではありません\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T05:00:34.517",
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"id": "48863",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"terminology"
],
"title": "Grammatically, is a 体言止めの文 a \"Japanese sentence\"?",
"view_count": 918
} | [
{
"body": "When I went to school (K12 in the US during the 70's and early 80's), I was\ntaught that a sentence had to have a subject and a predicate (usually they\nsaid _verb_ instead of _predicate_ ). But then what exactly are things like\n\"Hello!\"\n\nBroadly speaking, what I was taught works very well for formally written,\nacademic, and business English. But often when I write in my journal or even\nwhen writing comments on students papers, the style I write in is a rather\nabbreviated form omitting subjects or occasionally verbs. Yet, what I write is\nstill punctuated, and for want of a better word, I would most likely call them\nsentences despite the fact that they don't line up with what I was taught.\n\nI think for me what I would call a sentence is something that is recognizable\nas a complete thought. So in grading a paper, I might write in the margin\n\"poor word choice\". I think that expresses a whole thought but I wouldn't be\nsurprised that some would be pedantic enough to argue it's not a proper\nsentence.\n\nToday I dropped by my local 紀伊国屋 and picked up a copy of マララ. First I was\nstruck by how different it reads in Japanese from English. It made me wonder\nwhat the original text was written in. But more to the point, I noticed that\nmany of the _sentences_ in the Japanese translation just weren't really what I\nwould have thought of as sentences. They just seemed to end with out a verb.\nSometimes they just ended at what felt like mid-sentence. Yet, the text was\nperfectly understandable. I knew what the author was saying. And it gave the\ntext a kind informality and colloquial feel to it; I felt a real connection to\nMalala herself on account of this narrative style. When I went back to an\nEnglish copy, it suddenly seemed so much more formal and straight laced. As\nyou said, these _pseudo-sentences_ (my word, not yours) in Japanese created a\nkind of drama of their own that I felt was unfortunately lacking from the\npages of the English text.\n\nAt any rate, as you can see, despite what I've written above I'm still kind of\nclinging to your idea of a \"strictly speaking\" proper sentence--that is, it\nneeds a subject and predicate.\n\nSo, in summary, I would say that perhaps 文 and _sentence_ aren't exactly\nequivalent terms.\n\nAddendum: as I think about this some more, it occurs to me that the difference\nmay be one of orthography too. Odd as it may sound, I thought of this when\nthinking of lines of Chinese poetry a written in groups of 4 or 5 characters.\nYet, they seem to form a unit. Would they be called 文? I haven't studied\nChinese so I can't really say. I have studied Sanskrit though, and in\nsomething like the Bhagavad Gita the defining unit is the meter of the shloka\n(verse). At any rate, what I'm suggesting is that the visual (or aural, in the\ncase of Sanskrit) presentation of the text itself is perhaps what originates\nthe meaning of the word 文 or _sentence_.\n\nInterestingly, my 漢和中辞典 gives one of the meanings of 文 as\nことば。また、ことばが集まってまとまった意味を表わすもの。Additionally, the Japanese dictionary on my Mac\nwould seem to define 文 as a unit of meaning. So, I'd say again, this seems to\nsuggest that the two (文 and sentence) are not quite equivalent. 文 seems to be\ndefined semantically whereas sentence seems to be defined grammatically. So\nthere will be a substantial overlap between the two, but certainly not every\ncomplete semantical unit will necessary be a so-called complete grammatical\nstructure warranting the name \"sentence\".",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T05:30:48.843",
"id": "48864",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T06:05:22.470",
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"body": "Not having enough cred to just comment on A. Elliet's post, I'll add an\nanswer.\n\nFirst, relative to English, the sentence, \"Hello!\" can be read to have an\nimplicit subject and verb, the object of which is the only word made explicit.\nThus,\n\n> I say to you, \"Hello!\"\n\n(Recursive, yes?)\n\nThere are other ways of reading the implied sentence, of course. For example,\n\n> Is anyone listening?\n\nor\n\n> I greet you.\n\nSome people will disagree with the concept of substitution, but it is why we\ncan make sense of otherwise incomplete utterances. Also, note that I do not\nsay the words are there, I say we can read these partial expressions as if\nthey were intended to be there and that way make sense out of them.\n\nJapanese tends to rely much more on implicit completion than English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T07:08:48.677",
"id": "48867",
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]
| 48863 | 48864 | 48864 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48875",
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"body": "For full context, see the document:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/qteAJpo/img-20170628-0002-new.pdf.html>\n\nThe sentence in question: 成功した自分と雑誌の記者 **を** 一人でやるのです。 I understand it as\nfollows: \"I do on my own\n\nmy successful self with a journalist from a magazine\"\n\nI set the second part apart because I didnt use any connective structures in\nmy translation now. I did it because there are none in the japanese original\nand I don't know which extrapolation might be correct here.\n\nI interpreted the part before the bold を basically as one sentence element,\nwhich on the level of the complete sentence would be the direct object of やる.\nHowever, this probably would require some other elements in the sentence\nright? Maybe someone could show me what would have to be put in?^^\n\nHere's how I think the sentence could be translated as well: \"I do/act on my\nown **as if** my successful self was with a journalist of a magazine.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T08:50:23.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48872",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T09:07:25.797",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is this を doing here?",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "> 成功した自分と雑誌の記者を一人でやるのです。\n\n\"I play the roles of both my successful self and the journalist of a magazine,\non my own / just by myself.\"\n\nThe （～を）やる here means （役を）演じる, \"play the role of...\" \"act as...\"\n\n* * *\n\n> this probably would require some other elements...\n\nThe sentence makes perfect sense by itself, but if you want to make it\nclearer, you could rephrase it as...\n\n> 成功した自分と雑誌の記者 **の役** を一人でやるのです。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T09:00:37.063",
"id": "48875",
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"score": 4
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| 48872 | 48875 | 48875 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48874",
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"body": "A man has fallen in love with a mobster’s girlfriend and it’s mutual. Though\nthreatened by the mobster’s minions, he refuses to let go of her. For the sake\nof his safety, the mobster’s girlfriend has to break it off with him by\ntelling him she does not love him – which she does after the following 2 lines\n(which are spoken by someone urging her to do it):\n\n> お前から言ってやっておくれよ\n\nI translate this as: You have to say it.\n\n> 女の戯言を真に受けられちゃ迷惑だって\n\nI’m not quite sure what to make of this, but I think it’s something like: He\nhas to believe a woman’s bullshit story. (which doesn’t look right at all!)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T08:50:31.703",
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"id": "48873",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Stumped translating 女の戯言を真に受けられちゃ迷惑だって",
"view_count": 156
} | [
{
"body": "I think she is saying : \"It's bothersome for you to believe I was being\nserious with my fooling around\".\n\nOr more accurately in English by reading between the lines :\n\n> You thought I was serious with you? I was just fooling around! Don't be such\n> an annoyance and leave me alone already!\n\nThat is just my guess though, I might be wrong.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T08:58:01.830",
"id": "48874",
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"body": "> お前から言ってやっておくれよ\n\nCommand form 「くれる」: \"You be the one to tell him.\"\n\n> 女の戯言を真に受けられちゃ迷惑だって\n\nI'd read this as 「だって」 rather than 「って」、 which would have the mobster\ncommenting on the chump's supposed gullibility rather than telling her what to\nsay. But, even in English, mobsters don't really care what they say, so we\nshouldn't try too hard to pin it down.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T13:18:48.817",
"id": "48883",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T13:18:48.817",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
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{
"body": "I think I'd read the second sentence like this:\n\n女の戯言を真に受ける \"To accept as truth the joking words of a woman\"\n\n女の戯言を受けられる The れる form here is the \"passive of adverse effect\" with direct\nobject, as in 財布をぬすまれた, \"I had my wallet stolen\". So this means \"I [suffer the\nadverse consequences of having] my woman's frivolous words accepted as truth\"\n\n女の戯言を真に受けられては [> れちゃ] 迷惑だ \"Having my frivolous words, those of a woman, taken\nseriously, is irksome\"\n\nって = といって \"say\"\n\nSo this piece of advice means \"Say to him 'It's annoying to have my frivolous\nwoman's words taken as true'\"\n\nA bit more idiomatically: \"Tell him what you said was just a woman talking\nlight-heartedly and you're annoyed that he took it seriously\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T14:48:48.767",
"id": "48888",
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| 48873 | 48874 | 48874 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48878",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is 箕 transcribed as みの in this sentence while according to the dictionary\n(with the meaning of winnow; winnowing basket; winnowing fan) it is read as\nみ?\n\n> 次の日、まだ夜が明けぬ暗い朝、女の子は起きると **箕** （みの）と箕かさを身にまとい出かけました。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T10:10:46.507",
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"id": "48877",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"readings"
],
"title": "How to read 箕 (mi/mino）? Are these just different readings or is there a meaning difference?",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "Usually, [箕【み】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%95) refers a winnowing\nbasket made of bamboo. [蓑【みの】/簑【みの】](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%91)\nrefers to a straw raincoat. In this context, this みの obviously refers to the\nlatter.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bvBbQ.jpg)\n\nBut I'm not sure if it's an outright typo. As proper nouns, a person called\n箕谷【みのや】 and a station called\n[箕谷【みのたに】駅](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%95%E8%B0%B7%E9%A7%85) exist.\nSo in [the old days when kanji usages were not\nstandardized](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/26257/5010), 箕 might have\nbeen also used to refer to a raincoat.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T11:12:04.003",
"id": "48878",
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| 48877 | 48878 | 48878 |
{
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"body": "横書きと縦書き Is there a preference for usage? I noticed that Japanese is written\nhorizontally and vertically.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T11:59:38.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48880",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"orthography"
],
"title": "横書きと縦書き Is there a preference for usage?",
"view_count": 303
} | [
{
"body": "Sure!\n\nWhatever you prefer.\n\n;-)\n\nSeriously, though, historically it was mostly top-to-bottom, right-to-left.\n\nNowadays, it's, well, whatever is convenient, which is mostly left-to-right,\ntop-to-bottom. But computer software that makes it fairly easy to go top-to-\nbottom is improving, so the convenience factor is shifting back a little.\n\nFormal documents do tend more to be top-to-bottom.\n\nIf you search the web for 「縦書き」、 you will see that there is a Wikipedia\narticle:\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%A6%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A8%E6%A8%AA%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D>\n\nand if you look at that you will see that there is an English page linked:\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-29T12:38:40.747",
"id": "48882",
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"body": "I prefer reading horizontal writing! :)\n\nRight. Based on a cursory look at the books on my wife's bookshelf, as well as\nwhat I generally encounter in day-to-day life, my observation is that vertical\nwriting is more prevalent for long-form printed material -- novels, manga,\nnewspapers, and the majority of magazines all use 縦書き.\n\nOn the other hand, flyers, (school or company) handouts, and notices\npredominantly use 横書き.\n\nAnd then there's the best (or worst) of both worlds: both in the same\npublication. This is pretty common in magazines, where the main article will\nbe in 縦書き, with picture captions, some headlines, and quotes from the article\nwill written horizontally, an approach also found in a lot of non-fiction\nbooks, especially those that rely on a lot of visuals.\n\nFor handwritten notes, horizontal writing is pretty much the norm unless\nyou're using 原稿用紙 or doing calligraphy.\n\nThose are just trends I've noticed, however, and I don't have any hard numbers\nto back them up.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-29T13:25:10.083",
"id": "48884",
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"body": "Text printed in horizontal lines read right-to-left used to be common up to\nthe 1940s but is now pretty much (perhaps entirely) confined to ultra-\nconservative/extreme right-wing political material, such as the posters,\nusually printed in red and black, that you see pasted on walls and utility\npoles. One exception to this rule: names of ships, and company names, etc, on\nthe sides of vehicles, are written from front to rear, so that on the right-\nhand side they read right-left.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T13:54:35.230",
"id": "48886",
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{
"body": "> 縦書きと横書き Is there a preference for usage?\n\nYes or No. \nBasically it depends on your preference but usually the circumstances makes\nyou write horizontally even if you don't prefer.\n\nI have a reason to say so.\n\nAs you know the horizontal writing in dominant in Japan except for special\npurpose. The main reason is that it is suitable for notation of science such\nas mathematical formulas. Once written horizontally, we noticed that it is\nindispensable not only in the world of science but also the world of usual\nJapanese combined with English, music scores etc. which are inevitable to be\nwritten horizontally, so it is basically an indispesable and convenient way of\nwriting now in Japan.\n\nThe exceptional use mentioned above is basically a traditional art such as\nliterary works of novels etc, Japanese language textbooks and Japanese ancient\nliterature expressions such as haiku poems, and calligraphy. One modern\napplication that allows Japanese to be written vertically is when you need to\nwrite phrases or characters/letters in long vertical margins. Even though\nJapanese could be written vertically on utility poles, pillars or vertically\nlong signboards without any toubles, I feel superiority when I see that\nEnglish is written on such places rotated by 90 degrees.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T14:42:21.870",
"id": "48887",
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"parent_id": "48880",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 48880 | 48884 | 48884 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48896",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "医者 or 先生？Which is the correct term to address my doctor? I actually received\nmany different responses from chatting with Japanese. Is there a preferred\nterm?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T16:03:29.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48889",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T02:27:18.560",
"last_edit_date": "2017-06-29T18:04:26.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "医者 or 先生？Which title is appropriate?",
"view_count": 1468
} | [
{
"body": "先生 is used as a way of address when speaking directly to the individual or\nwhen referring to the individual in communication with others. 医者 is the\nactual profession of \"physician\" or more colloquial \"doctor\" and might be used\nwhen speaking out of context.\n\n> 昨日は医者に診てもらった (Yesterday I went to the doctor)\n\nsaid in context to someone who didn't know the speaker had a health issue.\n\nCompare with:\n\n> 先週川口先生に診てもらった佐藤ですが… (My name is Satō, and I saw Dr. Kawaguchi last week...)\n\nsaid in the context of the speaker addressing the reception staff at the\nhospital.\n\nI hope this demonstrates the difference in usage. Generally the cases in which\nyou would use 医者、医者さん、or お医者さん is when asking if someone is a physician.\nSpeaking to others at the hospital or the physician directly you should use\n先生. However, I find that in some Japanese hospitals it's expected that you\ndon't speak unless being spoken too so you probably can manage without using\n先生 though it is good to know in case the nurses tell you to wait for the\ndoctor.\n\nBesides the well-known usage for teachers, 先生 is also used to address other\nfigures of higher learning or respect, lawyers, politicians, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-29T20:39:30.703",
"id": "48896",
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{
"body": "I think Sudachi's answer is perfect, so I up-voted it.\n\n> Besides the well-known usage for teachers, 先生 is also used to address other\n> figures of higher learning or respect, lawyers, politicians, etc.\n\nThis is quoted from Sudachi's answer. \nI'll show you an interesting saying which is written\n[here](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E3%81%A8%E8%A8%80%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BB%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AE%E9%A6%AC%E9%B9%BF%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AA%E3%81%97-310281)\nrelating to the quotation:\n\n> 大辞林 第三版の解説 \n> **せんせいといわれるほどのばかでなし【先生｛せんせい｝と言｛い｝われるほどの馬鹿｛ばか｝でなし】**\n>\n> 〔先生という敬称が必ずしも敬意を伴うものではないことから〕 \n> 先生と言われて気分をよくするほど、馬鹿ではない。また、そう呼ばれていい気になっている者をあざけって言う言葉。\n\nRoughly translated as:\n\n> Literally: **I am not stupid or a fool enough to be called [先生]｛sensei｝**.\n>\n> 【 The maxim that came from that the honorific name of [先生]｛sensei｝ is not\n> necessarily accompanied by respect 】 \n> _I am not stupid enough to make myself feel better as being called\n> **Sensei**._ \n> Also, the word with **Sensei** is used to ridicule a person who becomes\n> pleased to be called so.\n\nBut, you can call Dr. Kawaguchi \" _sensei_ \" with confidence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T02:21:42.193",
"id": "48901",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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}
]
| 48889 | 48896 | 48896 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The shape of the onna-hen radical can obviously be represented this way, and\nin plenty of fonts it actually is, as in the character 好.\n\nWhile the \"correct\" way to write it is as a skinnier version of the full-size\ncharacter, using the strokes くノ一, actual handwriting, especially 行書, sometimes\ndeviates from proper stroke order. Is this one such instance, or would\naltering the strokes have a negative effect on legibility?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T17:24:44.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48890",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T21:31:58.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9877",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"handwriting",
"stroke-order",
"stroke-count"
],
"title": "Is the 女 radical ever written with the strokes くフ?",
"view_count": 232
} | [
{
"body": "You may want to look at the guidelines for kanji as mentioned in this post:\n\n[Why are there two versions of the kanji for\n冷?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/3191/why-are-there-two-\nversions-of-the-kanji-for-%E5%86%B7?noredirect=1&lq=1)\n\nThe link there is broken, but this is, I believe, equivalent to the referenced\nPDF\n\n<https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bunka.go.jp%2Fkokugo_nihongo%2Fsisaku%2Fjoho%2Fjoho%2Fkijun%2Fnaikaku%2Fpdf%2Fjoyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf>\n\nIn general, it discusses the existing variant strokes for certain kanji and\nbushu (radicals), mostly saying that these do not constitute separate kanji.\n\nThis may be helpful, but I don't think it directly answers your question.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-29T21:31:58.150",
"id": "48898",
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| 48890 | null | 48898 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48906",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In a manga I found the following sentence:\n\nひき戻すな、タコ。\n\nThe person to which the word タコ refers to is a secondary character that rarely\nappears. His name was never mentioned before. Since the person that is talking\nis a quite rude old man and since the word is written in katakana, I am\nwondering if タコ is just the name of the secondary character or if it is an\noffensive word like バカ or アホ。 Thank you for your help!\n\nEDIT: Since there were conflicting answers, I decided to provide more context.\n[**Here**](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NwgyZ.jpg) you can see the two pages\nwhere I found the term. They are from a manga about boxing called \"リクドウ\",\nwhere Riku is the name of the main character. In the first page the secondary\ncharacter is worried about Riku starting the 2nd round, since he almost got ko\nin the 1st, at which point the old man, which is Riku's trainer, tells him\n\"ひき戻すな、タコ\". The second page is right after the end of the match. It looks like\nthe unnamed secondary character is the trainer's helper.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T17:45:52.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "17797",
"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"words",
"katakana",
"names",
"manga",
"offensive-words"
],
"title": "Can タコ be an offensive word?",
"view_count": 1807
} | [
{
"body": "タコ is the most common form of writing octopus.\n\nOctopuses/Octopi are often associated with grabbing things; calling someone a\nタコ could allude to this in the same way you might call someone a 豚, 狐, or 犬.\n\nIt could also be used like バカ or アホ but is not quite as common as them. In any\ncase, people will be angry if you call them a タコ. It is not a common name.\n\nPlease read [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/48906/22758)\nwritten by someone more knowledgable than me.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T21:29:06.447",
"id": "48897",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T17:13:43.237",
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{
"body": "タコ is sometimes used as an offensive word like バカ、アホ, マヌケ.\n\nThis タコ would be an offensive word like that. Person's names including of タコ\naren't many.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T05:03:21.227",
"id": "48906",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T05:03:21.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "48891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 48891 | 48906 | 48906 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48895",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "According to a page, this word is pronounced \"ningen\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cBeZg.jpg)\n\nbut according to another page, the readings for 間 are\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Qc64d.jpg)\n\nAre they the same kanji? Is \"gen\" an unofficial reading or something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T18:39:58.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48893",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-29T23:30:59.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9878",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Is \"gen\" also a reading of this kanji? 間",
"view_count": 548
} | [
{
"body": "> Are they the same kanji?\n\nYes\n\n> Is \"gen\" an unofficial reading or something?\n\nI'm not sure if it's unofficial, but you can and sometimes do read it as ゲン。\n\n* * *\n\nYou occasionally voice some kanji readings, but I can't exactly explain why.\nIt has to do with the sound before the character, but I haven't studied enough\nkanji to make sense of it.\n\nAnother great example of this is:\n[手紙{てがみ}](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%89%8B%E7%B4%99) 。 Looking at jisho.org,\nyou will find that [がみ is not listed as a\nreading](http://jisho.org/search/%E7%B4%99%20%23kanji), but it is still read\nてがみ。\n\nI'm not privy on the rules if there are any, but this sort of thing happens a\nlot.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T19:14:16.033",
"id": "48894",
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{
"body": "It's called [Rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku). Regularly in\ncompound words, though not always, the second part of a compound ends up\nvoiced. So the reading of the kanji is in essence ケン, but with a dakuten (゛)\nor voice mark added to it. This gives us the reading ゲン as in the word 人間.\nIt's not a very common reading though, personally I can only think of one\nother word using the ケン reading, and that is the word 世{せ}間{けん}.\n\nTake the two words fire = 火{ひ} and flower = 花{はな}. Together they can form two\nnew words, fireworks = 花{はな}火{び} and spark = 火{ひ}花{ばな}. The reading is the\nsame in both except that when it appears last in a compound it gets voiced.\n\nWhy does the last part get voiced sometimes? I don't know, and I don't think\nanyone definitely knows. It could make it easier to say, or it makes the two\nparts more connected into a new words rather than the sum of its parts. Either\nway it's something the Japanese do and worth knowing about.\n\n_Edit_ : Example, both 忠{ちゅう}告{こく} and 中{ちゅう}国{ごく} have the same on-reading\nfor both kanji, however only the latter one gets voiced.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T19:24:19.080",
"id": "48895",
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| 48893 | 48895 | 48895 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Please help me translate this sentence into English:\n\n>\n> それによりますと、日本はコストが膨大になる有人宇宙船などの開発は行わず、２０２５年ごろから各国が参加して準備が始まるとみられる有人月面探査に日本独自の技術で貢献することで日本人宇宙飛行士の月面到達の権利を得たいとしています。([source](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20170628/k10011033541000.html))\n\nI can only come up with the following:\n\n> According to..., Japan has not built an expensive manned spaceship. Japanese\n> astronauts will be able to earn the qualification to travel to the moon with\n> the contribution of its special technology when countries begin preparation\n> on the moon surface exploration around 2025",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-29T23:33:59.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48899",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-12T01:32:49.687",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "22400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Please help me translate this sentence into English",
"view_count": 211
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, looking at the NHK Easy News version makes it a bit clearer\n(though it is also a good resource if you aren't able to read the normal news\ncomfortably):\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10011033541000/k10011033541000.html>\n\nFor reference, here is the Easy text, though I am basing my translation on\nboth sources:\n\n>\n> ＪＡＸＡによると、日本はお金がかかるため人が乗る宇宙船などはつくらないで、ほかの役に立つ技術を考えて、世界の国が行う宇宙の調査に協力します。そして、日本人の宇宙飛行士を月に送ることができるようにします。\n\nI am not a native speaker, and this translation is not quite literal, but I\nthink it pretty much captures the idea of the sentence:\n\n> \"According to JAXA, Japan will not develop a costly manned spacecraft, but\n> will instead contribute specialized technology for the planned 2025 manned\n> moon surface exploration that many countries are participating in, for which\n> preparations are already underway. By providing this support, it is hoped\n> that Japanese astronauts might earn the privilege of making a moon landing.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T02:46:20.953",
"id": "48903",
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| 48899 | null | 48903 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48902",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between ni tsuite and ni yoreba, because the meaning is\nseems the same, regarding and according to. If its different when or what\nsituation I can use it. Thanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T02:03:04.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48900",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T14:38:55.887",
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"owner_user_id": "19128",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ni tsuite 「について」 vs ni yoreba 「によれば」",
"view_count": 1064
} | [
{
"body": "If you search for both terms in the dictionary, you will find out that they\nare quite different:\n\n> について means about, concerning. \n> によれば means according to.\n\nJust like in English, these similar phrases are not interchangeable:\n\n> 天気予報によれば今夜{こんや}は[雪]{ゆき}になるそうだ。 \n> **According to** the weather report, there will be snow tonight. \n> 天気予報について何も知りません。 \n> I know nothing **about** the weather report.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T02:25:07.860",
"id": "48902",
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "48900",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 48900 | 48902 | 48902 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48908",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 顔の見えない誰かに...\n\nI wonder how this is translated as '(to) someone that cannot see their faces'.\nI thought at first that 見えない誰か, as a modified noun, is connected to 顔 with の\nto mean 'someone that cannot see of faces', which is weird...\n\nI have never seen this pattern before and my research ends to no avail.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T05:08:24.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48907",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T05:28:33.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15891",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "Potential following の that follows a noun",
"view_count": 79
} | [
{
"body": "In relative clauses の is frequently used to mark the subject of the clause in\nlieu of using が.\n\nSo, as a stand-alone sentence, the clause would just be.\n\n> 顔が見えない。-> I cannot see their face.\n\nBut then the が becomes の when used as a relative clause.\n\n> 顔の見えない誰か -> Someone whose face I cannot see\n\nThere are various restrictions on when this can and cannot be done. One such\ncircumstance when が cannot be substituted like this is when there is both an\nobject marked by を and a subject in the relative clause.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T05:28:33.530",
"id": "48908",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T05:28:33.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "48907",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48907 | 48908 | 48908 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For full context see this document:\n<https://www.docdroid.net/qteAJpo/img-20170628-0002-new.pdf.html>\n\n最近、いろいろなところで開かれているビジネスマナーのためのメンタルトレーニングでも、 **これ** と同じようなことを行います。\n\nI'd like to know for this これ in bold: Is there a way to tell wether it points\nforward or backwards in context? It could mean \"...similar to this (what I\nsaid before)\" or \"similar to this (what I'll say now)\".\n\nBoth would make sense in this context imho. But is there any grammatical\nindicator like the position of これ to tell what is meant with certainty? Or is\nit a rule that これ as a pronoun can only point backwards in context (which I\nsomehow doubt though).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T10:32:54.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48909",
"last_activity_date": "2017-06-30T11:50:26.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "How can I tell wether this pronoun points forward or backwards in context",
"view_count": 106
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese sentence, the pronoun これ is almost always used to refer to\nsomething that has already been mentioned. Therefore the これ in the sentence\nmeans what the writer said before, i.e., \"記者会見ごっこ.\"\n\nExceptionally, これ **は** in such sentence as \"これは私の持論ですが〜,\" \"これは人から聞いた話ですが〜\"\nrefers to something that will be described later. However, It is used only at\nthe beginning of a writing so you won't be confused.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T11:50:26.590",
"id": "48911",
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| 48909 | null | 48911 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48927",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the term for two kanjis, that when written in the reverse order, have\nthe same meaning? For example, \"northeast\". I have seen this situation\noccasionally.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T11:27:58.923",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the term for two kanjis, that when written in the reverse order, have the same meaning?",
"view_count": 660
} | [
{
"body": "There is no widely-known specific term for this.\n\nThere is [a website maintained by a Japanese amateur kanji\nfan](http://www.h-dc.com/hantai/hantaigotop.htm), where you can find the list\nof kanji compounds that makes sense when written in the reverse order (not\nnecessarily the same meaning). The owner of the site calls such words\n反対語（はんたいご, literally \"opposite word\"）. But normally 反対語 means _antonyms_ such\nas 男/女 and 大きい/小さい, and he owner admits this is his own definition of 反対語\nwhich is usable only on his site. He just could not find a better specific\nword, and ended up borrowing the word 反対語 for his own purpose.\n\nYoshinori Sakai, another amateur kanji researcher, published [a book called\n可逆語を探す](https://www.kinokuniya.co.jp/f/dsg-01-9784873022680) in 2004, where\n可逆語（かぎゃくご, literally \"reversible word\"） appears to be defined as a kanji\ncompound that still makes sense when written in reverse order (again, not\nnecessarily the same or similar meaning). But apparently almost no one have\naccepted this term after this book.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T23:33:10.053",
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| 48910 | 48927 | 48927 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48924",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a piece of song lyric I cannot understand: \"切ない胸さえ\" (せつないむねさえ)\n\nI gathered from this source [http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-さえ-sae/](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%95%E3%81%88-sae/) and others that さえ means \"even\",\nwhich would make this sentence something like \"Even a broken heart\". But I\ndon't really understand it in context and wonder if perhaps there is another\nuse for it here?\n\nThe full lyrics can be found here, for more context: <http://www.kasi-\ntime.com/item-38646.html> (it's on the 6th line). (Perhaps I do not even\nunderstand the surrounding lyrics enough).\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T12:22:31.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48912",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-さえ"
],
"title": "さえ at the end of a sentence",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "This looks like a case of a sentence fragment/phrase used out of grammatical\norder to supplement the preceding expression (see: [is this sentence\ngramatically correct? \"ano ko ga futteita makka na\nsukaafu\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48811/is-this-sentence-\ngramatically-correct-ano-ko-ga-futteita-makka-na-sukaafu/48827))\n\nAs far as the whole of the expression goes:\n\n> 恋は届かない時を 経験するうちに 強くなってゆくものだね **切ない胸さえ**\n\nLet's rearrange it a bit:\n\n> 恋は届かない時を 経験するうちに **切ない胸さえ** 強くなってゆくものだね\n\n...my sense of parsing tells me that that phrase actually belongs here.\n\nPart of the reason this might occur is to highlight a specific portion of the\nlyrics with the music, or to make the lyrics line up with the music, that\nsometimes 100% perfect standard is changed into another tone.\n\nAlternatively, this happens in speech sometimes, when speaking about a feeling\nor an action, colloquially, sometimes explaining comes first then does the\nsubject. So, considering the translation, you might look at it as:\n\n> 恋は届かない時を 経験するうちに 強くなってゆくものだね **切ない胸さえ** \n> The experience of love not reaching (that person) can make you stronger,\n> **even (fix/make strong) a broken heart**\n\nSounds a little funny, but in the normal order:\n\n> 恋は届かない時を 経験するうちに **切ない胸さえ** 強くなってゆくものだね \n> The experience of love not reaching (that person) can make even a broken\n> heart stronger\n\nThat sounds a little more like what that's attempting to convey, doesn't it?",
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| 48912 | 48924 | 48924 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48916",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What are the lexical differences between these words?\n\nI always thought it works like this:\n\n手{て} — **_arm/hand_** — arm in general, from fingers to shoulder.\n\n腕{うで} — **wrist** — part of arm that connects hand to forearm, e.g. 腕時計{うでどけい}\n\nHowever in Hamada Mariko's \"Love Song\" there are the following lyrics:\n\n> このまま死{し}んでしまいたい、あなたの腕{うで}の中{なか}で。\n\n頭{あたま} — **_head_** — part of body formed by skull and everything inside and\nattached to it: brain, jaws, eyes, ears, nose, scalp.\n\n首{くび} — **_neck_** — part of body that connects head to trunk.\n\nHowever, character Celty from anime series \"Durarara!\" who has no head says:\n\n> 首{くび}をなくした、首{くび}を探{さが}す。\n\nIt sounds confusing because however I look at her she **has** a neck but\nnothing above it:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KO930.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T13:33:12.433",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Body parts confusion: 頭{あたま} vs 首{くび}, 手{て} vs 腕{うで}",
"view_count": 1750
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{
"body": "Well let's check the dictionary:\n\n> _**Te**_ :\n>\n> 1. The upper limbs of the human body. The part extending from the left and\n> right shoulders of the upper torso. The part from the shoulder joints to the\n> tip of the fingers.\n> 2. The part [of that] starting at the wrists. Also used not of this entire\n> section, but vaguely of the fingers, palms etc.\n> 3. The forelimbs of non-human animals, in the same manner as 1. and 2.\n>\n\n>\n> _**Ude**_ :\n>\n> 1. The part of the human body starting at the shoulders and down to the\n> wrists. The part from the elbow up is called the 上腕{じょうわん} (upper arm), and\n> from the elbow down, the 前腕{ぜんわん｝ (forearm). In a broad sense, also used of\n> the forelimbs of vertebrate animals, and of members that extend to grasp\n> objects like the tentacles of hydras, etc. _Kaina_.\n>\n\n>\n> [Senses 2, 3, 4 are metaphorical.]\n>\n> _**Atama**_ :\n>\n> 1. In animals, the part from the neck up (首から上). […] The part above the\n> neck including the brains, eyes, ears, mouth etc. _Kashira. Kōbe._\n> [Alternatively,] The part starting at the neck and topped by hair, as\n> distinguished from the face.\n>\n\n>\n> [Senses 2–11 are metaphorical.]\n>\n> _**Kubi**_ :\n>\n> 1. In vertebrates, the narrow part that connects the head (頭) to the\n> torso. Well-developed in mammals or birds, but not always clearly\n> discernible in reptiles or simpler animals. In humans, supported by 7\n> cervical vertebræ. In a broader sense, used of any narrow constriction\n> connected to animals' torsos or abdomens. 頸部{けいぶ}.\n>\n> 2. The part starting from 1. and including everything from there up.\n> _Atama_.\n>\n> 3. [presumably archaic usage] Face (顔). Visage (容貌). Said especially of\n> pretty faces and good visages, or metonimically of people considered to have\n> such. 「看板の首といふものありて」\n>\n>\n\n>\n> [other meanings metaphorical or extended.]\n\nAll quotes from the electronic edition of the _Kokugo Daijiten_ , translated\nby me.\n\nI strongly recommend consulting native Japanese dictionaries for this kind of\ndoubt, rather than just lists of English glosses. If you can't read Japanese\nat that level yet, try Kenkyūsha's Japanese-English dictionary, which has each\nword broken down into its various senses with sample usages of each.\n\nRegarding Celty, consider that in Japanese set expressions like \"cut off their\nhead\" or \"bring me the head of their general\" use _kubi_ , not _atama_ for\n\"head\". We've seen that _kubi_ can be a synonym for _atama_ ; but, just like\nin English one can \"kill time\" but one cannot \"murder time\" or \"assassinate\ntime\", in Japanese _kubi_ is, by normal usage, the word of choice in those\ncontexts. Given that, it's no surprise then that e.g. the Celtic ghost\nDullahan is described in Wikipedia as a 首のない男, while a headless knight is a\n首なし騎士.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T15:36:45.533",
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"body": "> What are the lexical differences between these words?\n\nThe definitions of these words and the lexical differences between them could\nbe examined in a dictionary. As far as I have examined, it is exactly as\nanswered by others. However, for those words are very familiar to us, I\ncouldn't ignore the subtle differences between the definition in the\ndictionary and the recognition of how we understand these words in our daily\nlives. So, I will show you a normal understanding of Japanese people without\ntoo much biased in the definition of medical knowledge or dictionaries.\n\n> However, character Celty from anime series \"Durarara!\" who has no head says:\n> **首{くび}** をなくした、 **首{くび}** を探{さが}す。 It sounds confusing because however I\n> look at her she has a neck but nothing above it:\n\nIn this case, **首{くび}** implies a **_head_** or the **頭部｛とうぶ｝** \" in the\npicture. \nAs the usage of \"首\" similar to the case you showed, there is a phrase\n\"首を取｛と｝る\". In this case, \"首\" in \"首を取る\" also implies \"head\" or 頭部 in the\npicture, and the phrase is a short form of \"首を切｛き｝り取る\". Of course the phrase\nactually means \"頭部｛とうぶ｝を切り取る\". As the result, the head is separated from the\ntorso at the neck, but the means to make the head separated from the torso is\nnot to tear it off from the torso but to cut it off at the neck.\n\nBecause \"首がない\" is a phrase in an animated cartoon, the phrase meaning \"頭部がない\"\nis used as if there were not any serious problem in it, but basically the\nstate without a head is abnormal, so it is an expression could be used only in\nanimation.\n\nA word \"首\" in the meaning of head is used in the specific case of cutting off\nsomeone's head and killing them．This kind of conduct is rarely done now, but 首\nis more often used now figuratively in the meaning of \"the top of an\norganization\". In this sense we say like \"首を挿｛す｝げ替｛か｝える\", \"首を差｛さ｝し替｛か｝える\" or\n\"首を替｛か｝える\" when **_dismissing the top of an organization and changing it_** in\nthe figurative sense. For ordinary people, \"首を切る\" is commonly and also\nfiguratively used to mean \"to dismiss or fire someone\". As for this typical\ncase, to the employee who made a big mistake or gave a major loss to the\ncompany, the president would say \"お前｛まえ｝の首を切る！\" meaning \"お前を解雇｛かいこ｝する\", but\nusually he would say simply \"お前は首だ！\" or more simply \" **首だ！** \". I think this\nsimple phrase has momentum and meaning comparable to English phrase \" **You're\nfired!** \"\n\nIn this sense, a gesture of slashing the neck in the form of a _karate_ chop\nis figuratively used.\n\nRegarding **腕｛うで｝** , the nuance of the place that means \"腕\" in \"腕時計｛うでどけい｝\n_wristwatch_ \" and \"腕\" in \"あなたの腕の中｛なか｝で _in your arms_ \" in the examples by\nthe questioner are quite different. \"腕時計\" is the only correct word for a\n\"wristwatch\", but the part of the body where we wear a watch is said \"\n**手首｛てくび｝ _wrist_** \" and never said 腕, though the \"手首 _wrist_ \" is the part\nof the \"腕 _arm_ \" that is shown in the picture. By the way, we never say \"\n**手首時計** \" for a wristwatch. I am very sorry for those studying Japanese, but\nI certainly think Japanese is complicated.\n\nAttention is necessary also regarding \" **頭｛あたま｝** \" and \" **顔｛かお｝** \" shown\nin the picture. As is written in OP's question and in another answer, in many\ndictionaries, \"頭\" is defined as follows: \"頭\" is \"the part above the neck\nincluding the brains, eyes, ears, nose, mouth etc.\", but in Japanese as in the\npicture, 頭 and 顔 are in different places in the \"頭部｛とうぶ｝ _head_ \". This is the\nsame as the alternative definition in leoboiko's answer. Specifically, the 頭\nrefers to the place where hair grows, not including eyes, ears, nose and\nmouth. We say 頭を洗｛あら｝う for \"to wash one's hair\" and 頭を乾｛かわ｝かす for \"to dry\none's hair\". This is a clear evidence for that 頭 is the place where hair\ngrows. \nIn Japanese, you would say as \"ヘルメットは頭を守｛まも｝る道具｛どうぐ｝です _A helmet is gear to\nprotect your 頭_ \", but even if your helmet does not protect your 顔, you will\nnot complain. Because we understand 顔 is not included in 頭 unlike the general\ndefinition of dictionaries. This is another evidence for what 頭 is.\n\n**顔** refers to the front of the head or it refers to a portion that enters\ninto sight when viewing the head from the front vaguely. \nSince \" **耳 _the ears_** \" are located in a position difficult to be\nclassified when viewed from the front, opinions are divided, but many Japanese\nincluding me do not regard the ears as parts of 顔. However, teachers of\npainting seem to think that they want to include the ears in the parts of 顔,\nbecause when they say \"正面からの顔を描いてください _Please draw a picture of the face from\nthe front_ \" to the students, it is natural that they intend to let their\nstudents to draw the front view of the head including ears.\n\nWhen you say \"手で顔を覆｛おお｝いなさい！ _Cover your face with your hands!_ \" or\n\"手で顔を隠｛かく｝しなさい！ _Hide your face in your hands_!\" to the Japanese people, they\nwould cover the front of the head, so called the face, with both hands, but\nthey would not hide the ears. I think it is not because the two hands are not\nenough wide to hide up to the ears, but because, I think, they do not think\nthe ears are the parts of 顔. In my strict definition, **_頭部** the head_\ncontains 頭, 顔, and 耳 _ears_ as is shown in the picture. The Japanese who hear\nmy definition will show an unpleasant face at first, but after a while, I\nthink that they will convince and nod their head in agreement by seeing the\npicture. As a supplementary explanation about 頭, 顔 and 耳. **顔** is the part\nexcluding 頭, the part where a hair grows, from 頭部, the head excluding the\nneck, and leaving organs related to a facial expression. Regarding the organs\nnot related to a facial expression, the nose is the same as the ears, but nose\nis included in 顔 because, I think, it is in the middle of 顔.\n\nSpeaking of 顔, I already explained that it is related to the front of the head\nor a facial expression. As I said before, there is an interesting metaphorical\nor figurative meaning in 首, as well as in 顔 there is a figurative meaning with\nthe actual meaning. In another sense, 顔 or the face can be defined to be \"\n**the part by which we can recognize or identify who the person is** \".\n\nIn relation to this meaning, there is a phrase \"顔が見える\" or \"顔が見えない\". There are\nalso expressions as adjective clauses like \"顔の見える\" or \" 顔の見えない\". \nThese expressions are used in actual cases where the face is not visible\nbecause it is specifically shadowed or he/she is looking behind, but it is\nalso used figuratively besides that. For example, it is used like \"顔の見えないODA\n援助 (Official Development Assistance) \". In this case, \"顔の見えない\" is used to mean\n\"not known who it is\". In other words, it means \"ODA assistance not being\nknown which country made(/is making) it\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wAWha.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-01T07:46:45.157",
"id": "48939",
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| 48913 | 48916 | 48916 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48919",
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"body": "For full context see this document, exercise two (bottom of the page):\n<https://www.docdroid.net/a1B7uAr/img.pdf.html>\n\nI don't know what the following expressions mean exactly:\n\n> 女の人はご主人にどうしてほしいですか。\n\n> どうかしたんですか。\n\nThis に in sentence 1 irritates me. Shall it mean \"the woman, what/how does she\nwish from the clerk to do?\"\n\nIn sentence 2 I just dont recognize the phrase and Im somehow able to get\nthrough it bit by bit ^^",
"comment_count": 1,
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "What do these expressions mean?",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "As pointed out in the comments, I misread どうかしたんですか as どうしたんですか. Much of what\nI said about the later still applies, but it's not really inscrutable.\nEssentially, means \"What, did something happen?\"\n\nMeanwhile, どうしたんですか is one of those expressions that seem inscrutable. For me\nit reminds me of how in English we sometimes say things like, \"What's up?\" I\nused to hate being asked that question because it felt like I'd have to say\nsomething like \"The sky is up\"; it just felt odd to reply \"I'm doing well\"\nbecause it didn't really seem to be answering the literal meaning of the\nsentence.\n\nHere どうしたんですか is just expressing concern and essentially means \"What's the\nmatter?\" or \"What's going on/happening?\"\n\nI've already answered regarding\n[ご主人に](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/48918/4875) in response to another\nquestion of yours.",
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| 48914 | 48919 | 48919 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48918",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> いいえ。健康のために **少しは** 外へ出かけてくれたらいいんですが。 ([source: p\n> 2](https://www.docdroid.net/a1B7uAr/img.pdf.html))\n\nThe placement of すこし and the function of すこし as a topic (I guess) kind of\nmakes my head spin. Maybe the は is a contrastive marker? Here's how I would\ninterpret the sentence, or at least the only way I can think of right now\n\n> No. It should be good for the health to give going outside a little.\n\nEDIT: This sentence, page 1 sentence from the very bottom, also puts a few\nquestion marks over my head:\n\n> ご主人にもっと働いてほしいんですか。\n\nIt is again に that confuses me. I'd rather expect a は or が here to mark ご主人 as\ntopic or at least grammatical subject. However, I could make sense of it if I\nwas sure that a passive voice is meant here. Like this:\n\n> Is it wished from Mr. Clerk to work more?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T14:44:17.020",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "は in いいえ。健康のために少しは外へ出かけてくれたらいいんですが and ご主人にもっと働いてほしいんですか",
"view_count": 115
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{
"body": "The context is quite helpful here.\n\nIt seems that the wife is rather bothered with how her husband is currently\npassing his days. When she says,\n\n> 何もしないで、家でテレビばかり見てるんですよ。\n\nShe's expressing frustration that all he does is watch TV. So, person A asks,\n\n> いいじゃありませんか。これまで４０年も働いたんですから。\n>\n> Isn't that OK? Up until now, he worked for 40 years?\n\nThe wife demurs with でも、・・・ to which person A then asks,\n\n> ご主人にもっと働いてほしいんですか。\n>\n> Is it that you want your husband to work some more?\n\nThe grammar here is that of \"wanting someone else to do something\". In this\nsituation, the verb is then used in the て-form followed by ほしい to express the\nidea of \"want [someone] to do [something]\". The person **wanting** this is the\nsubject of the sentence and would likely be marked by が/は depending on\ncontext. The **someone** who is wanted to do something is usually going to be\nmarked by に, the particle to show the **agent** of the action.\n\nBack to the story...\n\nSo, the wife then responds,\n\n> いいえ。健康のために少しは外へ出かけてくれたらいいんですが。\n>\n> No [I don't want him to go back to work]. For the sake of his health, it'd\n> _just_ be nice if he'd go out _once in a while_.\n\nFirst let's look at 出かけてくれたら here. She'd like her husband to do something\nother than sit and watch TV, so going out once in a while would be a kind of\nfavor to her. Hence the use of てくれる here.\n\nSecond let's look at 少しは. Here I wouldn't consider は to be a topic marker at\nall. Nor would I consider it contrastive (but someone might be able to argue\nthat point). I'd say that it adds emphasis which is why in my translation I\nused the word \" **just** \". There are certainly other ways to translate 少し\ninstead of temporally as I did; I could have written \"If he'd just go out a\nlittle bit\" might be a bit more faithful to the Japanese.\n\nAt any rate, I hope this helps clarify your two points.",
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| 48915 | 48918 | 48918 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48921",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 「タッタッタ」って車に乗ってみたい **な** 。\n\nI'd translate the sentence like this:\n\n> I want to enter/ride in a car that makes 'tatata'.\n\nI don't think it's the colloquial version of ような, so I think it is みたい plus な.\nBut in this case, I don't know what it supposes to mean.\n\nWhat is this な at the end?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T16:04:28.740",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "What does this な at the end of the sentence mean?",
"view_count": 3424
} | [
{
"body": "Here な is one of those emotive particles that can get tagged to the end of a\nsentence. I'm not entirely sure what the 「タッタッタ」 part is about, but otherwise\nthe sentence is saying, kind of dreamily and hopefully, \"I'd like to try a\nride in the car\". If you were to try to translate な directly, then you could\nadd something like, \"wouldn't it be nice if...\" but I feel that's really\nstretching it a bit and such a translation won't necessarily work universally.\n(I guess I already tried to get part of that feel in my translation when I\nwrote \"I'd like to try\" instead of more directly \"I want to try\".)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T16:38:59.253",
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"body": "This `な` is different from `な` used in orders (e.g. `行きな` or `行くな`) and is\nusually considered to be a stronger/masculine version of `ね` (but with a more\nwishful nuance). Sometimes it also occurs in the emphasized version `なあ`,\nsimilar to `ねえ`.\n\nProbably the most used expression with it is `いいな(あ)`, expressing envy over\nsomething which happened to someone else but you'd like to experience\nyourself.\n\nSee also answers to [Identifying different ending -な\ns](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/48279/)",
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"body": "As A.Ellett said this `な` shows the speaker's desire. It's the kind of thing\nwe would use emphasis words or vocal inflection to denote in English. You can\nhear girly girls lengthen and often nasalize this, which can be represented as\n`な～` or `なあ`. By the by, a \"cool guy/girl\" type (or even someone being snotty)\nwould use this inflection `みたいな{LHLL}`, whereas `みたいな{LHLHH}` is more\nendearing and effeminate with or without the ending `あ`.\n\nAs for the `「タッタッタ」`, it immediately makes me think of the Flintstone's car\nbecause `タッタッタッ` is the sound of jogging or trotting. It's more rhythmic than\na full sprint sound. More likely it's meant to imitate the sound of a vehicle\nwith a large muffler or something like that. Think the sounds we use in\nEnglish for a train chugging along.\n\nAlso, Igor Skochinsky's explanation for `いいなあ` is the best I've ever heard.\nYou can hear this a lot among school-aged kids.\n\nYour translation is fine. If you want to represent the `な`, you could change\nit to\n\n> I really want to ride in a car that makes \"ta-ta-ta.\"\n\nor, more colloquially,\n\n> I'd really like to ride in a \"ta-ta-ta\" car, you know?\n\nAlso, keep in mind that `みたい` adds the sense of \"try\" or \"try out\" to the\nsentence, so maybe the most natural translation would be\n\n> I'd really like to try riding in one of those \"ta-ta-ta\" cars, you know?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T11:02:33.570",
"id": "48944",
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| 48917 | 48921 | 48921 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48953",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "First question ever here. :D\n\nSo, I hear a lot in media, when someone is fired from a job, normally they\nrefer to 首 as being fired, or firing someone, and might sometimes make the\ngesture of getting their head cut off with their hands.\n\nWhat is the etymology behind that? I am not super familiar with history, but\nwas it that if you were discharged from your position it'd be done by a\nbeheading? Or what is the background for why 首 as \"head\" or \"neck\" came to\nalso mean \"dismissal from a job or post\"?",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T18:28:14.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48922",
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"owner_user_id": "21684",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"colloquial-language",
"history"
],
"title": "首 when fired from a job: etymology?",
"view_count": 1969
} | [
{
"body": "Surely you've heard the stories of Samurai testing their swords? Do you think\nthey are urban legends?\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tameshigiri>\n\nRead the Japanese page on that after you read the English.\n\nDon't read it before or after lunch, I suppose.\n\n(afterthought)\n\nSince Chocolate asks, I'll unpack that a bit.\n\n(I assume you aren't asking if beheading has been used in the corporate\nenvironment in Japan, other than by, for instance, organized crime, and if you\nwant some cultural reference on use by organized crime, consider the movie\n\"Black Rain\", not the one about Hiroshima after the bomb, but [the thriller\nstarring Michael Douglas, Andy Garcia, Ken Takakura, et.\nal.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Rain_\\(1989_American_film\\)))\n\nI was looking around for proof of this, haven't found any yet, but my wife\ntells me of the tradition that many castles were built by slaves who were\nafterward buried, sometimes alive, sometimes being killed first, she has said,\naround the castle.\n\nShe also tells me of Samurai who made somewhat more use than seems reasonable\nof the privilege of testing their swords on the persons of commoners, usually\ncommoners who displeased them. I have read that such privilege was not without\nconsequence, but it apparently did happen. I don't have that reference to\nhand, either.\n\nThere is a small shrine near where I live that commemorates the commoners\nwhose lives were sacrificed in the building of a castle which was built near\nthe shrine. Now there are just a few bits of a corner wall on a small\npartially-protected plot of land (about thirty by forty meters) and bits of\nwalls and pottery and such that are unearthed during construction in an area\nroughly a square kilometer around the shrine.\n\nI have some better evidence of this, but many allied prisoners were beheaded\nby the Japanese. See this wikipedia article:\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes>\n\nIf I get a chance to read the marker on that shrine today, I'll see if it says\nanything specific enough to be used as a reference.\n\n(end afterthought)\n\n(2nd afterthought)\n\nRandom related words from dictionary.goo.jp:\n\n[首賭](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/62678/meaning/m0u/)（け） putting one's neck\non the line\n\nWait. I don't have time to just run through all the くび I find in the\ndictionary, so I'll suggest that you search via google for this phrase:\n\n「くび goo」\n\nand you'll get a lot of dictionary stuff about くび。\n\n(Google and Goo.ne.jp are not, as far as I know, related entities.)\n\nKotobank and other such sites are also useful.\n\n(end 2nd afterthought)",
"comment_count": 4,
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{
"body": "It bears noting that this kind of expression is not limited to Japanese. Have\nyou never heard the phrase _\"heads will roll\"_ in English, in reference to\npeople likely to lose their jobs due to some scandal or other? It is not a far\nstretch to make the analogy of losing one's head for losing one's livelihood.\n\n### Additional detail\n\nShogakukan's 国語大辞典 and the Daijirin dictionary both give similar sense\ndetails. From Shogakukan:\n\n> **5** （首を切られるの意から）\n> ①関係が断たれること。縁が切れること。＊洒・青楼真廓誌‐二「とてもこんどはおさまらねへ此ものまへは首だろう」②職を失うこと。失職。「くびになる」\n\nDaijirin's is visible [here](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8F%E3%81%B3)\nas sense 6, giving essentially the same information.\n\nBoth dictionary entries essentially trace the meaning from \"to lose one's\nhead\" to \"to lose one's livelihood\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T04:22:27.637",
"id": "48953",
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| 48922 | 48953 | 48953 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48958",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Inspired by <https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/38733/3295>\n\nSome examples [from\nWiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F#Readings):\n\n> 真っ暗 (makkura, \"total darkness\") \n> 真っ向 (makkō, \"directly opposite\", \"right in front\") \n> 真っ黒 (makkuro, \"pitch black) \n> 真っ最中 (massaichū, \"infull swing, in the midst\") \n> 真っ青 (massao, \"deep blue\") \n> 真っ赤 (makka, \"bright red\") \n> 真っ先 \n> 真っ直ぐ \n> 真っ二つ \n> 真っ白\n\nAlso possibly related: `真ん丸`, `真ん中`.\n\nThe usual rules for gemination don't seem to apply: `真{ま}` doesn't end in `つ`\nor `く`, so where does っ come from?\n\n[@user4092](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/users/4092/user4092) puts\nforward this theory in a comment:\n\n> As for 真っ白, some claim that it derives from prefix \"ma\" with reduplicated\n> adjectives, which is shared with Filipino or Melanesian languages. This\n> feature is well reserved in \"ma aka aka\" → まっかっか.\n\nTo be honest I'm somewhat skeptical of this.\n\nFor now my pet theory is that it's related to the reading まこと, but is there a\ncommonly accepted explanation?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T18:43:37.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48923",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-06-30T19:04:41.863",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"compounds",
"gemination"
],
"title": "Why does gemination happen in many 真 compounds?",
"view_count": 316
} | [
{
"body": "(Seems like we're not getting anything more specific, so I'll format my\ncomments as an answer for ease of future reference.)\n\nThe electronic edition of the _Kokugo Dajiten_ has it like this:\n\n> 接頭語「ま」の下に促音の挿入された形,\n\nSo the standard view isn't that it was _makoto_ > _maQ-_ ; but rather a simple\n_ma-_ , to which _-Q-_ was later tacked on. And indeed, of the words you've\ncited, most of them have non-geminated attestation in historical documents;\nthough that, in itself, isn't decisive, since gemination wasn't always written\ndown consistently. Still, I think the standard analysis is more likely true\nthan not.\n\nWhy? If you consider some prefixes ending with _-ki/-ku_ that create\ngemination, you'll find these are often _on’yomi_ , i.e. Chinese loans, like\n悪- _aku-_ in 悪口 _akkō, akku_ or 石 _seki-_ in 石鹸 _sekken_. But these trace\nstraightforwardly to Middle Chinese readings ending in consonants, such as *\n_ʔak_ and * _dźak_ in this example (compare the modern Cantonese readings:\n_ok_ , _sek_ ). We know these loans retained their final consonants even in\nJapanese for a good while. It's natural that a syllable-final consonant would\ncoalesce into a geminated one\n\nWhat that has to do with anything? Well, _ma-_ is a native Japanese prefix,\nseen in the 8th-century _Man'yōshū_ in expressions like _ma-kanasimi_ \"truly\nsad\", or 旅とへど真旅になりぬ \"I said I'd set out on a [little] journey, but—lo and\nbehold!—now it has become a real [long] one.\" Linguists have many reasons to\nbelieve that Old Japanese had no gemination, so _ma-_ was a perfectly\ncromulent prefix by itself, predating the introduction of geminated consonants\ninto the language. In fact, it's very likely that _makoto_ itself is just\n_ma+koto_ 真事/真言, true things/true words (again as per _Daijiten_ ).\n\nSince we had a native Japanese _ma-_ rather than a Chinese _mak-_ , there\nseems to be no reason for it to trigger gemination. True, the Japanese _onbin_\nchanges also triggered gemination, like _torite_ → _totte_ ; but not with [k],\nsince the _onbin_ form of _kakite_ resulted in _kaite_ instead. Then whence\nthe _-Q-_ in _maQ-_? Consider that both historically and synchronically, _Q_\nis added to create emphasis:\n\n * _matashi_ , _mataku_ (historical form) → _mattaku_ (modern form) \n * → まっっったく (tongue-in-cheek superemphasis in manga or the Internet, etc.)\n * _yohodo_ → _yoppodo_ (both forms still coexist)\n * _mina_ → _minna_ (also works with nasals)\n\nConsider also that there are several other emphatic prefixes with a _-Q-_ (取っ,\n引っ, 打っ, 押っ as in 押っ死ぬ、押っ放り出す…), and also the use of _Q_ in interjections like\n\"こわっ!\"\n\nGiven the meaning of 真 as \"true, truly, for real\", it makes sense for it to\nreceive emphatic gemination, which in time lexicalized into forms like 真っ黒,\netc. We can predict from this that, if a word has a 真 prefix but didn't get an\nemphatic っ fossilized into its lexical entry, it could still get a っ for extra\ndiscursive emphasis; and in fact, forms like\n[まっこと](https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=%22%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%22&src=typd)\nor\n[真ん夏](https://twitter.com/search?q=%22%E7%9C%9F%E3%82%93%E5%A4%8F%22&src=typd)\nare easy enough to find online.",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 48923 | 48958 | 48958 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My nickname is **\"The Wonderboy\"** , my question is basically how to write\nthat nickname in katakana. Is it: **ジ** ・ワンダーボーイ ? or **ザ** ・ワンダーボーイ ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-06-30T22:42:15.963",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48925",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-01T00:05:22.307",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "22774",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"katakana"
],
"title": "How do japanese people write the english word \"The\" in Katakana?",
"view_count": 3345
} | [
{
"body": "_The_ is pronounced as /ðə/ before a consonant, and as /ði/ before a vowel.\n/ðə/ is closer to ザ and /ði/ is closer to ジ. ワンダーボーイ starts with a consonant\n(\"w\"), so you should use ザ.\n\nThat said, this rule is often ignored in transliteration, and you will see ザ\nused regardless of the following katakana on posters.",
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"id": "48930",
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| 48925 | null | 48930 |
{
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"body": "I have a quick question about meaning of を繋げ in the following:\n\n> 『何があろうと、主の未来を繋げ』\n\nFrom what I do know, \"繋\" means to connect/tie/fasten, but I can't make sense\nof it when I try to incorporate it into a translation of the above sentence.\n\"Connect the future of the kings\", \"tie the future of the kings\" etc. That\ndoesn't make sense to me.\n\nSo I'm thinking either I'm misunderstanding the nuance here, or 未来を繋げ is some\nsort of expression or set phrase I don't know about. If someone can clear this\nup I would be extremely grateful!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T23:05:10.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48926",
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"owner_user_id": "22775",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of ~を繋げ in this context?",
"view_count": 82
} | [
{
"body": "Here 繋ぐ means \"to retain\" or \"not to lose\". It's used figuratively to keep\nconnection between 主's present and 主's future. Similarly, 命を繋ぐ means \"to\nsurvive\", 希望を繋ぐ/望みを繋ぐ means \"to keep having what little hope one has (in a\nvery bad situation)\", 明日へ繋ぐXY means something like \"XY for tomorrow\"\n(marketing phrase).\n\n未来に繋ぐ/未来を繋ぐ is also a phrase sometimes used in company slogans and such. See:\n[未来につなぐ: Precise meaning? Fuzzy marketing\nbuzzword?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22896/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-06-30T23:53:47.473",
"id": "48929",
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| 48926 | null | 48929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48934",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Doing practise questions for JLPT, need to fill the blanks with the given\nwords in the correct order. The answer tells me the position of one of them\nbut I can't work out the rest.\n\n> 忘れられないプレゼントは、小学生のときに両親が買ってくれた自転車です。苦しい生活の中、＿＿＿ ＿＿ ★ ＿＿ 涙がでます。\n\n１それだけで\n\n２どんな思いで\n\n３買ってくれたのかと\n\n４思うと\n\n正解：２ （★）\n\n正しい順番は ３、４、２、１ と思うんだけど、確信がない。。。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-01T01:32:01.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-01T03:04:34.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "where does this word go in this sentence?",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "The correct order is 2-3-4-1. The third blank should be 4, not 2. Please\ndouble-check.\n\nThe sentence is:\n\n> どんな思いで買ってくれたのかと思うとそれだけで涙がでます。 \n> (literally) If I think \"In what feeling did they buy it?\", only by it,\n> tears go out. \n> I get teary just by thinking about how my parents were feeling when they\n> bought it for me.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T02:14:05.460",
"id": "48934",
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| 48931 | 48934 | 48934 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48933",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Three siblings have been abandoned by their parents and are to be split up and\nplaced in different homes. They are understandably distraught and an adult\nfamily friend is trying to console them. He says:\n\nどんな幸い時でも、こんなことに負けてたまるかって思うんだ\n\n(You can defeat this by remembering all the happy times.)\n\n俺だって、幸いことなんて山ほどあった。だが、負けなかった\n\n(Even I had lots of misfortune (?), but I wasn’t defeated.)\n\nI have put my attempt at translation in brackets.\n\nQuestion: In the second sentence, it seems like 幸いことなんて should be something\nlike misfortunes or unfortunate things (from the context) but shouldn’t that\nbe 不幸い? Or is なんて a negating factor here (even though 山ほどあった seems neutral and\n幸いこと is positive)?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T01:38:34.043",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48932",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-01T04:09:07.810",
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"owner_user_id": "22593",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Can なんて be a negating factor?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "You're mixing [幸い](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%B9%B8%E3%81%84) (さいわい; happiness)\nand [辛い](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%BE%9B%E3%81%84-1) (つらい; hard, bitter,\npainful). They look similar but are totally different characters.\n\n(幸い時 makes no sense, because 幸い is not even an i-adjective although it happens\nto end with い. 幸い **な** 時 would mean \"happy time\". 不幸 is also a na-adjective\nand 不幸い時 is wrong. Anyway, there should be no kanji 幸 in the first place.)\n\nなんて is a word that is used to make light of what follows. See: [Usage of なんて\nand なんか as emphasis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/421/5010)\n\nAlso note that 辛い has [another\nreading](http://jisho.org/word/%E8%BE%9B%E3%81%84) (からい; spicy hot).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T01:55:24.207",
"id": "48933",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "48932",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 48932 | 48933 | 48933 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the following:\n\nいつも（会社名前）をご愛用いただき、ありがとうございます。\n\nさて、弊社では、お客様がプリンター用インクを追加購入なさる際に、定価の５％割引でお求めいただいておりますが、この７、８月中に購入のお申込みをされたお客様には、さらにお得な特別\n割引価値でお届けいたします。この機会にご利用いただければ幸いです。詳しくはホームページをご覧ください。\n\nmy understanding is that : customers are currently buying ink from our company\nat 5% discount, **but** (インクを追加購入なさる際に、定価の５％割引でお求めいただいております **が** )\n\nif you buy in 7,8 月, we will provide it at an **even better** price\n(この７、８月中に購入のお申込みをされたお客様には、 **さらに** お得な特別 割引価値でお届けいたします)\n\nSo this is an exam question, and basically that's apparently wrong and the\nmeaning of this email is: if you buy in 7, 8 月, then you get a 5% discount.\n\nBut doesn't the the use of お求めいただいております show people are already buying it?\n(iteimasu)? And doesn't さらに mean that what follows kind of goes further than\nwhat was stated before?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T02:44:03.213",
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"id": "48935",
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"owner_user_id": "16132",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Use of さらに with 敬語",
"view_count": 297
} | [
{
"body": "_Your_ understanding is correct. This さらに simply modifies お得な right after it,\nand it means \"at an _even_ better price\" (than the current 5% discount). さらに\nhas nothing to do with 敬語, although it does sound more formal than もっと.\n\nThis お求めいただいております is the progressive form. The letter says that the customers\nare currently buying ink at 5% discount, but the price will be even better in\nJuly and August.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-01T03:30:13.533",
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| 48935 | null | 48936 |
{
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"body": "So I learned that _no/の_ is used as a possesive noun. For example, **Kimi\nno/君の** = \"Your\" in English. I also learned that it can be used to connect\nnouns together. So, say **kookoo no sensei/高校の先生** , means \"high school\nteacher\". However, I saw someone say \" **Pasuta o taberu no ga suki\ndesu/パスタを食べるのが好きです** \" to mean \"I like to eat pasta.\" So this really confuses\nme. From what I know, the particle \" _ga/が_ \" marks the ability of doing\nsomething, like \"I can eat sushi\" while \" _o/を_ \" is used to say \"I eat\nsushi.\" So the sentence \"Pasuta o taberu no ga suki desu/パスタを食べるのが好きです\" really\nconfuses me. Could someone please break it down and explain it for me? (In\nromaji/ローマ字, as much as you can)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T07:24:53.520",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"meaning",
"usage",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is really the use of the particle \"no\"?",
"view_count": 1112
} | []
| 48938 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48945",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "unfortunately, this sentence stands in isolation, so one really has to deduce\neverything from that which follows:\n\n最近になってやっと、家族の大切さがわかってきた。\n\nI feel petty confused about the part before the comma xD I have a strong\nfeeling some stuff was omitted there ^^\n\nI only dare to make an attempt at translation this far: \"..., I came to\nunderstand the value of family.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-01T10:40:43.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48942",
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Extrapolating the contents of this phrase",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "最近になって means \"becoming very recent\", \"arriving at the recent past\", or simply\n\"very recently\".\n\nやっと means \"finally\", \"at last\", \"eventually\".\n\n家族の大切さがわかってきた means, as you say, \"I came to understand the importance of\nfamily\".\n\nPut them together and you get \"At last, very recently, I came to understand\nthe importance of family\". More idiomatically, \"It was only very recently that\nI came to understand the importance of [the] family\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-01T11:26:48.197",
"id": "48945",
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]
| 48942 | 48945 | 48945 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "ちょっと忘れ物を届けてくるから、待って **て** 。\n\nThis て in bold, what does it express? I'd translate the sentence like this:\n\"Because I just deliver lost articles, wait.\" I can only think of the\nimperative making sense here, but I still don't know what this additional て\ndoes.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T10:56:17.137",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is this て doing?",
"view_count": 45
} | []
| 48943 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48952",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 明日みんなで桜を見に行くんですが、先生もいっしょにいらっしゃらないかなと **思いまして** 。\n\nWhy is it there? And does it make any difference in meaning compared to\ndictionary form for example?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T11:53:13.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48946",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-01T19:14:46.023",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Why is there て form at the end of the sentence? 先生もいっしょにいらっしゃらないかなと思いまして",
"view_count": 1532
} | [
{
"body": "According to 明鏡国語辞典:\n\n> て ㊁〘終助〙 \n> ❷ 《「…でして」「…まして」「…してしまって」の形で》原因や理由、状況を示して釈明を表す。「お子様限定のサービスでし **て**\n> 。」「電車が遅れまし **て** 。」「遅くなりまし **て** 。」「つい忘れちゃっ **て** 。」\n\nThe て in your example is used to express a cause, reason or\nexplanation/vindication.\n\n> 明日みんなで桜を見に行くんですが、先生もいっしょにいらっしゃらないかなと思いまし **て** 。\n\n\"Tomorrow we're going to see cherry blossoms and I'm (we're) wondering if\nyou'd like to join us ( _and that's why I came to you / that's why I'm calling\nyou / that's why I just asked if you'd be free tomorrow, etc._ )\"\n\n→ indirectly/politely inviting \"Would you like to join us?\" (as pointed out in\nthe comment)\n\n* * *\n\n「～～先生もいっしょにいらっしゃらないかなと思いまし **た** 。」 would just be a statement to say that you\nwondered/thought of that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T01:39:21.237",
"id": "48952",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "48946",
"post_type": "answer",
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}
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| 48946 | 48952 | 48952 |
{
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"body": "The\n[Langfocus](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNhX3WQEkraW3VHPyup8jkQ/videos)\nyoutube channel came out with a new\n[video](https://youtu.be/x9-e_3GHrzw?t=880) on Japanese. In it he explains\nthat the が can be used to express focus. I have never heard (probably not paid\nattention) or learnt this. So, my question is: is this standard Japanese, or\nrather colloquial use?\n\n`ドーナッツが食べたい` instead of `ドーナッツを食べたい` to express focus on \"donut\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T16:08:17.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48949",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9908",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Is the \"ga\" in 「○○○が食べたい」 standard japanese?",
"view_count": 108
} | []
| 48949 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48951",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "An ex boxer punches a man and then says:\n\n> おっと… 勢い余ってとどめ入れちまった。生きてる?\n\nThe man that was punched manages to stand up. At this point, a friend of the\npuncher says:\n\n> マジか… 所沢さんの **モロ** もらって…\n\nI think that the sentence roughly translates as `\"Unbelievable... he is still\nstanding after receiving a punch by Tokorozawa...\"`, but I can't understand\nthe exact meaning of モロ. Does it have a special meaning in boxing? Or it\nsimply indicates a punch given with all one's strength? I know there's\n[another question about\nモロ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47369/meaning-of-japanese-\nslang-phrase-%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99), but in that case it is\nused as an adverb, while here I think it is used as a noun. Thank you for your\nhelp!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T19:36:49.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words",
"slang",
"katakana",
"sports"
],
"title": "Meaning of モロ in boxing",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "The answer from the question you linked applies to your question as well.\n\nSo to put it into the translation, it means the boxer took a direct, unguarded\nhit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-01T23:39:50.143",
"id": "48951",
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| 48950 | 48951 | 48951 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48955",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Say, you're writing a love letter to God. Is this the right thing to write on\nthe envelope?\n\n> 最愛の神さん\n\n(I'm writing a short story featuring that theme.)\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nMaybe this 親愛なる神へ is better grammar?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T07:23:35.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48954",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-02T10:00:46.947",
"last_editor_user_id": "22787",
"owner_user_id": "22787",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage",
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Is 最愛の神さん the proper way to write \"Dear God?\"",
"view_count": 1183
} | [
{
"body": "In the many Japanese versions of the Bible (including Old and New Testaments)\nand of Jewish and Christian prayers, hymns, etc, God is usually referred to\nsimply as 神. When addressing God directly, the usual usage is 神よ. わが父, \"Our\nFather\", and おん主 (おんあるじ), \"Lord\", are also used. But it sounds as though your\nstory might be looking for a particular effect (perhaps comic?), so you'd have\nto take that into account before deciding what form to use.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T09:27:03.327",
"id": "48955",
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{
"body": "No, it isn't. You must use 様 for God like 神様. However if you refer to Jesus\nChrist, the phrase which Graham Healey said would be appropriate and 様 doesn't\nseem to be used like 親愛なる神へ, but I am not sure.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T09:57:21.777",
"id": "48956",
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{
"body": "* 最愛の is not wrong, but 親愛なる sounds more respectful and natural.\n * さん is not really a respectful approach. It's only polite enough in ordinary conversations between your colleagues with equal status, for example. 神さん is not ungrammatical, but it almost sounds like \"Yo God!\" to me. Maybe it's not entirely impossible if you really, really want to be friendly.\n * Common options to address God are 神 (without any name suffix) and 神様. For the difference, please read my previous answer here: [神 compared to 神様](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44725/5010) In short, 神様 sounds more friendly (but not over-friendly) like a kid wishing something to God, whereas 神 is more polite and formal, like a priest giving a lecture.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T21:50:28.923",
"id": "48972",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-02T23:03:39.993",
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{
"body": "This answer is specifically from a Christian perspective. If you're referring\nto some other \"God\", then this answer may not really apply. YMMV.\n\nAs a Christian who worked at a Christian church in Japan for 2 years, I can\nsay these other answers are a little incomplete. The most familiar and\nintimate expressions would be:\n\n> * [主]{しゅ} → Lord\n> * [神様]{かみ・さま} → God (but sounds a bit less intimate)\n> * [父]{ちち}なる(主・神様) → Lord/God our Father\n> * [愛]{あい}する(主・神様) → Our loving Lord/God\n> * [天]{てん}のお[父様]{とう・さま} → Our Father in Heaven / Our Heavenly Father\n>\n\nMany a prayer I've heard started out with 愛する天のお父様、感謝します (Our loving Father in\nHeaven, we thank you).\n\nAs some of the other answers mentioned, you can add よ to the term when talking\n_to_ God or when praying, but you wouldn't add it to the front of the\nenvelope.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T01:45:09.543",
"id": "48977",
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| 48954 | 48955 | 48972 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48971",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私 **と** 協力してください。 \n> 私 **に** 協力してください。 \n> Please cooperate with me.\n\nIs there any difference in meaning/usage/nuance when choosing と or に to go\nwith the verb 協力する?\n\nIf I had to guess maybe I'd say that 私 **と** 協力してください would mean \"please let's\nwork equally together\". Whereas 私 **に** 協力してください would be \"please give your\ncooperation to me\". So と would sound a bit more gentle, maybe?\n\nA google search shows that に is more common but I suspect that might be\nbecause of adverbs ending in に.\n\nHow about this sentence:\n\n> 世界の国が行う宇宙の調査に協力します\n\nDoes this read more like \"cooperate with\" or \"contribute to\"? Can I replace に\nwith と here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T15:28:13.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48960",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-02T21:31:21.073",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-02T15:51:22.327",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"particle-に",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "協力する particle usage",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "The difference between 私と協力してください and 私に協力してください is small, and they are\nusually interchangeable. While the latter is simple \"please help me\", the\nformer does sound more like \"let's do it _together with_ me\", although saying\n\"equally\" would be a bit too much.\n\nIn 世界の国が行う宇宙の調査に協力します, you cannot replace this に with と, because you won't do\nsomething together with the 調査 itself.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-02T21:31:21.073",
"id": "48971",
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| 48960 | 48971 | 48971 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I have a question about the translation of this sentence from uncle Vernon in\nHarry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone:\n\nOriginal Japanese: \"あいつらは身から出た錆、魔法使いなんて変な仲間と交わるからだ …\n**思ったとおり、常々ろくな死に方はせんと思っておったわ** \"\n\nMy translation: \"They got what they deserved, because they got involved with\nthose 'wizard' weirdos... **Just as I thought, I thought there isn't\nalways/usually a good/decent/satisfactory way of dying**.\"\n\nPublished English translation: \"Just what I expected, always knew they'd come\nto a sticky end.\"\n\nI don't quite understand how the text in bold comes together here to form the\nintended meaning. I'm not looking for a smooth translation, rather just trying\nto grasp how the Japanese comes together here.\n\nMany thanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T15:58:29.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48961",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T16:55:22.370",
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"owner_user_id": "18083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Translation Question from Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone",
"view_count": 318
} | [
{
"body": "It parses as:\n\n` ╔ 常々 ║ ╔ ろく-な ║ ╔╩═ 死に方-は ╠═╩═══ せん-と ╚ 思っておったわ `\n\nOr, in standard Japanese:\n\n` ╔ 常々 ║ ╔ ろく-な ║ ╔╩═ 死に方-は ╠═╩═══ しない-と ╚ 思っていたぞ `\n\nGoing outside in:\n\n * \"常々 **X** と思っておったわ\" = \"I've always thought that **X** \". \n * What was X they always thought? That \" **Y** はせん\" (= \" **Y** はしない\"). This means \"as for Y, they won't do\"; it's an emphatic way of saying \"they won't Y\". \n * What is Y that they won't do? To die in a decent way ろくな死に方。\n * Putting it all back together: I've always known that they'd have no such thing as a decent death.",
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| 48961 | null | 48992 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48963",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 調理用のアルミボウルを用いて、 **より** 半球に近づけるためにゴム製ハンマーでひたすらたたき続けた。\n\nUsing aluminum foil, (より?) to make it hemispherical, a rubber hammer was\nrepeatedly tapped.\n\nIf not for comparison, what is the purpose of より?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Use of より in this sentence",
"view_count": 245
} | [
{
"body": "It's an aluminium bowl (アルミボウル) rather than aluminium foil (アルミホイル).\n\nHaving said that, the usual pattern for より is \"AよりB[のほう]\" - \"B more than A\",\n\"B rather than A\". But より can simply stand as an adverb before an い-adjective\nor a verb to make a comparative, as in より大きい, \"bigger\". That's what's going on\nhere: より is modifying 近づける, \"cause to approach\". より近づける means \"cause to\napproach more\", \"bring nearer\". 半球 is the indirect object. So this part of the\nsentence means \"Used a rubber hammer to bring it nearer to a hemisphere\",\n\"went on beating it with a rubber hammer to make it more hemispherical in\nform\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-02T17:57:23.083",
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| 48962 | 48963 | 48963 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48970",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 気になってはいても、誰もそのことには触れていない。\n\nI guess its something along the lines of\n\n(we) were concerned but no one touched on the subject.\n\nHow does 気になってはいても work and how does it differ from 気になっても?\n\nthanks",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-02T18:44:40.133",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Structure behind 気になってはいても",
"view_count": 284
} | [
{
"body": "There are two differences between 気になってはいても and 気になっても:\n\n * The use of は, which is a contrast maker here. Here the contrast is made between 気になる and 触れない. 気になって **は** いても is interchangeable with 気に **は** なっていても. This は is grammatically optional, but dropping it would make this sentence sound unnatural.\n * The use of ている, which indicates this phrase refers to something actually ongoing.\n\nても is translated as \"if\" or \"though/although\" depending on the context (see\n[this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13409/5010)), but it's\n\"though\" in this case. (i.e., the phrase means roughly the same thing as\n気にはなっているが.)\n\nSo the sentence is translated as:\n\n> Even though we were concerned, no one has touched on the subject.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 48966 | 48970 | 48970 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a short extract from a story, and I'm having troubles\nunderstanding the syntax of the following:\n\n> 可能性があるとすればギンの『生贄』を免れた山田とその父親だけだが、敵である男達が使えた所でなんだと言うのだと考え、チヒロは肩を竦めた。\n\nI'm used to seeing 可能性がある at the end of a clause but so far have never seen in\nat the beginning (bear in mind I only have about one year experience as a\nstudent in Japanese) I'm not sure how this would translate to English.\n\nMy best attempt at a translation is:\n\n> Although if there is a possibility, only Yamada and his father escaped gin's\n> \"sacrifice\", Chihiro shrugged her shoulders thinking that the men that are\n> the enemies were able to use it. (?)\n\nThis doesn't sound right to me and I'm confused by what it's trying to say.\n\nIs the 可能性があるsupposed to refer to something previously mentioned? And that's\nwhy it's at the beginning of the clause? Or is it encompassing whatever comes\nlater in the clause? I hope someone can help me understand this thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T19:09:22.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "\"可能性がある\" at the beginning of a sentence?",
"view_count": 230
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation attempt is close.\n\n> （もし）可能性があるとすれば、（それは）ギンの『生贄』を免れた山田とその父親だけだ \n> If there is (such) a possibility, that would be Yamada and his father, who\n> have escaped from being Gin's \"sacrifice\".\n>\n> が、「敵である男達が使えた所でなんだと言うのだ」と考え、チヒロは肩を竦めた。 \n> But Chihiro shrugged her shoulders, thinking \"So what if men who are\n> enemies are usable?\"\n\nIn this context, yes, 可能性 basically refers to the \"possibility\" of something\nmentioned in the previous statements. But there is a hint in this sentence,\ntoo; the 可能性 here refers to 誰かが使える可能性 (possibility that someone is \"usable\").\nNote the subject of 使う is Chihiro, not the men (see: [The difference between が\nand を with the potential form of a\nverb.](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/609/5010))\n\nI don't know what 使う exactly means in this context, but if I understand\ncorrectly, being a ギンの生贄 makes a person \"unusable\" for Chihiro in this\ncontext. She was wondering who were \"usable\" (使える), but the only possibility\nthat came to her mind was Yamada and his father.\n\nSee [this article](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%81%A7-ta-tokoro-de/)\nfor the usage of ～た所で here. なんだというのだ is a set phrase meaning \"so what?\", \"does\nthat matter?\", \"who gives a damn?\", etc. だからどうした, それがどうした, だからなんだ are similar.\n\n(Note: There is an ambiguity about what ギンの生贄を免れた modifies. It may modify only\n山田, but it may modify both 山田 and その父親.)",
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| 48967 | null | 48968 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48974",
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"body": "And in which context are used. Why are so many words for city in japanese T.T",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-02T22:05:03.733",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 市, 都市, 都会 and 市街",
"view_count": 3508
} | [
{
"body": "* 都市 refers to cities in the sense of metropolitan/urban areas as opposed to rural areas. It's also the umbrella term for large municipalities in any country.\n * 都会 is roughly the same as 都市 in the sense of metropolitan areas, but sounds more colloquial and less technical. In conversation you will hear 都会に住みたい more often than 都市に住みたい.\n * 市 is one of the categories of municipalities, and it corresponds to \"(XYZ) city\" in English. Its friends are \"(XYZ) village\" = 村, \"(XYZ) town\" = 町, etc. For example, The New York City is ニューヨーク市. See: [Cities of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_Japan)\n * 市街 is more like \"(main) urban district\" or \"downtown\" in a city.\n\nFor example, [special wards of\nTokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyo) are not\ntechnically 市. But people living in these areas are safely called 都会人 (\"city\npeople\") although there is no kanji 市 in their addresses.\n\nAnd as you can see, there are many words also in English (metropolitan, urban,\ncity, ...) :D",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-02T22:26:16.060",
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| 48973 | 48974 | 48974 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48976",
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"body": "Is it from the verb 居る? If it's so, why is not it ております?\n\n> 怪人による被害はこれまでにない規模の拡大を続けて **おり** 、…",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-03T00:01:50.617",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"subsidiary-verbs",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "What does おり mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 462
} | [
{
"body": "In very short: it is the humble form of いる.\n\nTo give a typical example, おる is mostly used when talking about your own\nactions and trying to be humble (for example when talking to a superior such\nas your boss at work, to a customer, etc). Find something about this topic\n[here](https://everything2.com/title/oru) or check the [wiki about Japanese\nhonorific speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese).\n\nIn your specific example, I believe the sentence continues with something you\nhaven't written here. In fact, おる is in the \"pre-masu\" form which is often\nused in written language to connect to the next sentence. Refer to [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34407/why-is-this-\nsentence-not-separated/34409#34409) for more details on this.\n\nEDIT: So I made some research and I think your full sentence is in fact:\n\n> 怪人による被害はこれまでにない規模の拡大を続けており、現在協会側で災害レベルを判別中との...\n\nIs it correct?\n\nSo I think we can translate this as (until the comma): _the damage due to the\n(less literally, left by) the mysterious person (monster? Not sure what 怪人 is\ndepending on the context) is expanding at an unprecedented scale_.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 48975 | 48976 | 48976 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48980",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I ran across this article on\n[newsinslowjapanese](http://newsinslowjapanese.com/2017/06/19/japanese-\nlistening-246-police-dog-fired-for-being-too-friendly/), and the title is:\n`フレンドリー過ぎて警察犬をクビになったわんこ`. The article translates this in English as \"Police\nDog Fired For Being Too Friendly\", but why is \"dog\" mentioned twice? (i.e. 警察犬\nand わんこ?) 警察犬 (police dog) is the direct object of クビになった, which forms an\nadjective phrase that modifies わんこ (dog). If it were just `警察犬をクビになった`, or\n`クビになったわんこ`, it would seem to make sense. But `警察犬をクビになったわんこ` looks like it\nreads \"Dog that fired a police dog for being too friendly\".\n\nWhy is \"dog\" mentioned twice in the same noun phrase?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-03T04:58:18.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Help understanding 警察犬をクビになったわんこ",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "Consider the comment by @jogloran\n\n警察犬 and わんこ are not necessarily identical. If we were to _literally_ translate\n「警察犬をクビになったわんこ」, then we would have something along the lines of \"dog that\nbecame fired from being a police dog.\" Dog is not necessarily mentioned twice,\nbut a task and an animal are mentioned. That is, \"police dog\" and \"dog\" are\nmentioned.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T05:14:30.013",
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| 48979 | 48980 | 48980 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48982",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I can't make sense of the phrase:\n\n> 恥を言うようですが、～\n\nFrom the situation I infer it's the same as 言うのは恥ずかしいですが~, but I'm not\ncertain.\n\n * How can a person \"say shame\" or \"tell shame\" (恥を言う)?\n\n * Why is よう attached here?\n\n * Is it a single set phrase, or do other phrases follow the same pattern?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T05:51:53.793",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "The meaning of 恥を言うようです",
"view_count": 270
} | [
{
"body": "> 恥を言うようですが、～\n\nI think the above phrase may be the short form of like: \n- 恥 **になること** を言うようですが、～ _It seems to tell something that is shameful, but_ ... \nor \n- 恥 **になるようなこと** を言うようですが、～ _It seems to tell something that seemed shameful, but_ ...\n\nthat is similar to what you guess as 言うのは恥ずかしいですが~,\n\nIf you know a set phrase \"恥を晒｛さら｝す literally _to expose shame_ \", \"\n**恥を晒すようですが、～** \" is similar to the given phrase.\n\n恥をさらす means in my dictionary: \n- bring disgrace on oneself \n- bring shame on oneself \n- disgrace oneself in public \n\n* * *\n\n## EDIT\n\n> 恥を言うようですが、～\n\nAs l'électeur said that the questioner would never see or hear it again, I\nalso thought that this phrase is not natural as it is. However, since the\nquestioner answered to the comment that there were some examples of use before\nposting the question, I checked it on the Internet. As a result, they were a\nvery few, but surely there were use examples. \nAmong a few examples I'll introduce the following one because I think it is\nsomewhat natural Japanese.\n\n> 両親はそのうち気付くから、と言うのですが本当に **身内の恥を言うようですが**\n> 40過ぎてもいつも自分の事しか考えられない、いつも自分の行動や発言が原因なのに人に何か言われるとすぐ被害者になって泣き、挙句に逆恨み。\n\nIt is understood from this example that naturalness increases when \"恥\" in the\nphrase is limited with a modifier relating to \"私 or 自分\" or \"家族\" like:\n\n * 私の恥を言うようですが \n * 自分の恥を言うようですが \n * 家族の恥を言うようですが\n\nEven in these examples as well, adding the expression \"恐縮｛きょうしゅく｝です\" make them\nmore natural.\n\n * 私の恥を言うようで恐縮ですが \n * 自分の恥を言うようで恐縮ですが \n * 家族の恥を言うようで恐縮ですが \n\nAlso, replacing \"言う\" with \"晒｛さら｝す\" introduced earlier will make them sound\nvery natural.\n\n * 私の恥を晒すようですが \n * 自分の恥を晒すようですが \n * 家族の恥を晒すようですが \n\n * 私の恥を晒すようで恐縮ですが \n\n * 自分の恥を晒すようで恐縮ですが \n * 家族の恥を晒すようで恐縮ですが",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
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| 48981 | 48982 | 48982 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 何故もっと早く来ないんだ。質より量を......数に任せて、非力な魔法使いを捕えておかないんだ。\n\nSo this is from an RPG. You go in a dungeon and find the 魔法使い (who was\ncaptured by the bandits). Then the bandits appear. Then the main character\nsays this line to the bandits.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-03T07:54:20.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "48983",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T02:55:31.430",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-03T09:49:55.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Can someone explain the usage of おかないんだ in this sentence",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "(Explaining form:)\n\nI am going to translate the whole quote, using capitalizations and variant\nspellings to show where the Japanese grammar here induces emphasis:\n\n(End explaining form.)\n\n> Ye'r SLOW! POINTS! Fergit doin' it right, GET MORE POINTS! And what are you\n> doing trying to take this WIZARD WHO HAS NO POWER!\n\nRoughly translated.\n\n(Explaining explanation:)\n\nThe script of many RPG adventures is designed to engage and challenge the\nplayer. One stock form of challenge is the insult from the hidden guru.\n\n(End explaining explanation.)\n\nYou have been insulted three ways.\n\n「捕まえておく」 would mean, roughly, \"capture/take and be done with it.\" In the\nrelated questions @naruto suggests, this form is derived from a phrase\nindicating making preparations by doing something, in this case, taking a\nwizard.\n\n「〜捕まえて置かないのである。」 would mean, \"It is not to be done, to capture ...\"\n\nOh, there's another thing going on to confuse things, 「〜のである」 changing to\n「〜んだ」。\n\n(Comment on grammar:)\n\nConsider the difference between the following two:\n\n(1R) 「赤い。」 (Something is red.)\n\n(2R) 「赤いのです。」 (There is a state or fact of redness.)\n\nIn the second case, the fact is being presented as a fact, and is likely being\npresented as a reason or something like a reason.\n\nNow consider the difference between\n\n(1T) 「飛ぶ。」 (Something flies.)\n\n(2T) 「飛ぶのです。」 (Now there is a fact of a state of flying.)\n\n(3T) 「飛ぶんだ。」 (The fact of the state of flying has been emphasized.)\n\nThe form in (2T) could be used as an explanation of something, but is more\nlikely to be a substitute for the command form, which could be interpreted as\n\"You will fly.\"\n\nThe form in (3T) is a relaxed form of (2T). I don't mean relaxed as in how you\nfeel when visiting the [温泉]{おんせん}, I mean, as in 「[砕けた]{くだけた}[表現]{ひょうげん}」. The\nrules have been relaxed because of some necessity or privilege. There is a\ndefinite sense of the assertion of authority, emergency, or force.\n\nHere, there is no true emergency, nor any real authority or real force, so I\ntranslated it as emphatically spoken in a rough dialect.\n\nAs far as I know, the choice of where to insert the emphasis is somewhat\narbitrary. I could have written, for instance\n\n> ... trying to TAKE THIS wizard who has no power!\n\namong other possibilities.\n\nOh, and I am taking a bit of interpreter's license in choosing to interpolate\nrather than use the more direct translation of\n\n> You shouldn't be capturing this weakling wizard!\n\n(End comment on grammar.)\n\n(One more afterthought:)\n\nIt almost goes without saying, but I guess I'd better say it (thanks,\nChocolate.) --\n\nThe whole quote could be interpreted as a negative imperative query, inverting\nthe last part:\n\n> Why did you take so long, and [why don't you] go for points instead of skill\n> and take this weak wizard?\n\nDon't think too deeply about this or you won't have fun playing the game.\n\n(End one more afterthought.)",
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| 48983 | null | 48990 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48988",
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"body": "In class we had some sentences with intentional mistakes to fix. One of them\nwas \"きれいそうなsomething\". The mistake was that you don't say that because if\nyou're looking at something, you can tell if it's きれい, so you wouldn't say it\n\"seems\" きれい. Is it really something people would never say?",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is きれいそう a mistake?",
"view_count": 2355
} | [
{
"body": "When you are directly seeing some beautiful thing in front of you, you cannot\nsay something like きれいそうな絵ですね. Saying ～そう always involves a speaker's\nguess/speculation, so if you already know that it's beautiful or not, you\ncannot use this expression.\n\nAn analogous case is おいしそう (\"Looks yummy\"). You can say this before eating\nsomething, but saying おいしそう after actually eating it will sound very strange.\n(Because it no longer _appears_ to be yummy but in fact is yummy or not).\n\nFor this very reason, as @Chocolate mentioned, in situations where you are not\ndirectly seeing something, saying きれいそう is perfectly fine. When you have heard\nhow beautiful something is, you can safely say きれいそうですね (\"Sounds beautiful.\")",
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"body": "A Japanese language teacher said 様態のそう(な) can't be used in the case of\n見たらわかること(You can understand when you see them). For example, あそこにきれいそうな人がいる\nand 彼女はきれいそうだ would be unnatural because you can understand whether she is\nbeautiful or not when you are looking her.\n\nHowever, as the comments, 夜景のきれいそうな町 and 部屋のきれいそうな芸能人 make sense. This きれいそうな\nis adjective for 夜景 and 部屋, not 町 and 芸能人. That is \"City whose night view seem\nto beautiful\" and \"Entertainer whose room seem to be beautiful\". This would be\nspeaker's guess.\n\nThis is a source. <http://nihongomemo.hatenablog.jp/entry/2015/03/27/104605>",
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| 48984 | 48988 | 48988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48987",
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"body": "> この部屋はシャワーだけ **で** お風呂がないんですが。 \n> => \"This apartment only has a shower but no bathtub\"\n\nThis would be what I think this sentence says contentwise. I also think it\ncould be a viable translation, but the way its expressed confuses me.\n\nFirst, I'm not sure if I understood the overall syntax of the sentence\ncorrectly. It seems to me that 部屋 is the topic here, but I dont think that\nit's the subject of the following clause.\n\n> \"Concerning the apartment, with the shower only there is no bath.\"\n\nSecond, I'm struggling with the connection of\n\n> シャワーだけ **で**\n\nand\n\n> お風呂がない\n\nSince I assume that the sentence says that there is a shower, but no bathtub,\nattaching both nominal phrases (shower and bathtub) to the predicative ない\ngives me a headache.\n\nAnd here, the third unclarity comes into play.\n\nWhat is this で? Is it the particle I was assuming? If so, are there any\nphrases omitted as well? I just can't imagine how shower and bathtub shall be\nconnected to ない, so there must be an omitted verbal phrase expressing the\nexistence of shower. Its either that or maybe you can explain how japanese can\nexpress the existence of something with a verb that's actually stating the\nnon-existence of something ^^",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T09:08:40.077",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"copula"
],
"title": "Overall syntax of this sentence",
"view_count": 326
} | [
{
"body": "この部屋はシャワーだけだ makes sense at least in conversation. It means something like\n\"This room is shower-only\" by itself. この部屋はシャワーだ (literally \"This room is a\nshower\") sounds weird in isolation, but it still makes sense in the context\nwhere you're talking about which room is equipped with what. It's in the same\nvein English speakers occasionally say \"I'm coffee\" at a restaurant.\n\nSo it's simply the two sentences said together: この部屋はシャワーだけだ and この部屋はお風呂がない.\nThis で is [the te-form of the copula\nだ](http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/reference/grammar/conjugations-of-the-\njapanese-copula/).\n\n**EDIT:** Sentences like この部屋はシャワーだ and 私はコーヒーだ are sometimes called うなぎ文\n(\"eel sentence\"). They may look illogical at first, but are not uncommon in\ntopic-prominent languages like Japanese.",
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| 48986 | 48987 | 48987 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "48995",
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"body": "> 新しい道路標識には、 **外国人が車を運転して起こす事故** を少なくするため、日本語だけではなくて英語も書いてあります。 \n> On the new road signs, in order to reduce the number of incidents caused by\n> foreigners driving cars, rather than just Japanese, English will also be\n> written.\n\nI had a little trouble parsing the part in bold. On first reading I saw\n\"foreigners driving cars and !!!!\" and then suddenly it stopped making sense.\n\nIn the end I decided that 外国人 must be the subject of 起こす rather than 運転しる.\nThen I treated 車を運転して as a kind of \"by means of\" clause in the same way that\n歩いて seems to work. So this clause is \"Incidents that foreigners cause by means\nof driving cars\".\n\nIs this the correct way to analyse this grammar? Is there an alternative way\nthat might enlighten me further?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T19:45:44.160",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Parsing of 外国人が車を運転して起こす事故",
"view_count": 92
} | [
{
"body": "外国人 is the subject of 運転する and 事故を起こす. Essentially, \"Foreigners are driving\nand causing accidents\". In context, I would translate it as \"accidents caused\nby foreign drivers\" (technically, \"foreigners driving cars\").\n\nFor the entire sentence, I'd translate it as\n\n> The new highway signs will be written in not just Japanese, but also English\n> in order to minimize accidents caused by foreign drivers.\n\nI've taken a number of liberties here. The biggest liberty is that I've\ntranslated 書いてあります as though it were a passive to make the English sound more\nnatural, and I've treated 道路標識 as if it were the subject. To be more faithful\nto the Japanese grammar will just result in clunky English (or perhaps shows\nmy weakness as a translator)",
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| 48993 | 48995 | 48995 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49007",
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"body": "What is the meaning of 味を増した in the following sentence? Context: Two boxers\nmeet after a long time, but Boxer A isn't in a good mood because is worried\nabout his imminent qualifying match. So Boxer B has the following thoughts (I\ndivided the sentence as it is in the manga):\n\n> せっかくの再会なのに残念 / そんなに思い詰める程ヤバイ相手なんだ… / より **味を増した** キミでも？\n\nMy rough translation of it would be `What a shame, now that we met again. Did\nhe get an opponent even stronger than him?`, but I don't understand the exact\nmeaning of 味を増した. I am also not sure about より being a comparative there, it is\nstrangely placed in the sentence and there's a little space after it. Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T19:48:36.030",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions",
"manga",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 味を増した",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "Fermented food like _natto_ , _miso_ and _cheese_ will gain stronger taste and\nsmell over time. 味が増す (literally \"taste increases\") figuratively refers to\nthis phenomenon. It means to grow old but experienced and mature as a veteran.\nより is simply \"more\" here (see: [Use of より in this\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/48962/5010)). For example\n年齢を重ねてより味が増した俳優 refers to a good-looking middle-aged actor.",
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T00:38:09.330",
"id": "49007",
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"body": "> ..ヤバイ相手なんだ… / より 味を増したキミでも？\n>\n> it is strangely placed in the sentence and there's a little space after it.\n\nI think almost all naruto's answer is correct except for the interpretation of\nthe space. \nI think the space is inevitable to be read smoothly as the intended meaning.\n\nI'll show you the reason.\n\n\"より _more_ \" is natural to be used when comparing A and B. For example A is\n\"前/以前のキミ\" and B is \"今のキミ\".\n\nThough the given phrase seems almost meaningful, some words are omitted. If\nyou write it as a complete phrase it would become like:\n\n> 1. / **以前** より味を増した **今の** キミでも？\n>\n\nIn this case, no space is needed after \"より\".\n\nIf you omit 今 from sentence 1, you will get sentence 2, which is almost the\nsame meaning as sentence 1.\n\n> 2. / **以前** より味を増したキミでも？\n>\n\nNo space is required also in this phrase.\n\nLet's examine the given phrase. If you omit the space from it, it will become\nas:\n\n> 3. / より味を増したキミでも？\n>\n\nReaders might get confused in reading this phrase. \n\"yorimiを\"? \"yoriajiを\"? What does \"より味\" mean?\n\nSo, the space is inevitable in this abbreviated phrase.",
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| 48994 | 49007 | 49007 |
{
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"body": "While browsing Youtube, I came across a comment which said the following:\n\n> はじめしゃしょーを思い出した人は返信せよ\n\nMy question is about the ending. I understand that せよ is an imperative form of\nする just like しろ. However, I was wondering what difference, if any, this makes\nto the meaning of the phrase?\n\nI found an explanation on another forum saying that せよ is more literary-\nsounding, and is used in exams. However, I wouldn't have thought that a\nYoutube commenter would use particularly formal language, so I wonder if\nthere's more to it than that.\n\nApologies if I've made any mistakes in how I asked the question, this is my\nfirst time posting!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T21:46:25.383",
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"imperatives"
],
"title": "しろ vs. せよ imperative forms",
"view_count": 2746
} | [
{
"body": "As you said せよ and しろ are both imperative forms for する. The first one is\nhistorically older. Therefore せよ sounds more formal than しろ. As you mentioned\nせよ is often found in exam questions.\n\nThe one who commented probably wanted to sound like \"an exam question\" for the\nfun. I don't think there is more to it.",
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T01:42:59.413",
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"body": "[せよ is the imperative form of the verb す](http://www.hello-\nschool.net/haroajapa006005.html), which is an archaic verb meaning する in\nmodern Japanese. This archaic imperative is still found in modern Japanese,\ntypically in [examinations at high school and\nuniversity](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3981/5010). It generally\nlooks highly stiff, blunt and authoritative.\n\nIn this case, however, this せよ is used more or less jokingly, to make this\nmessage look as if it were a military telegraph in the mid-20th century, or a\nmessage from a boss in a spy movie (e.g., \"～を抹殺せよ. This message will self-\ndestruct in five seconds.\"). Plainly saying 返信しろ would have been too rude, but\n返信せよ would sound like the listeners were given a critical \"mission\", which\nmight make them excited.",
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| 48996 | 49010 | 49010 |
{
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"body": "I can't recognize any of the characters, can somebody read it?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NVOlZ.png)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-03T22:07:26.540",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Do you understand what is written in this paper?",
"view_count": 1346
} | [
{
"body": "[Edited to incorporate information from comments]\n\n> ６５４号室\n>\n> ビラルデイ \n> ホセルイス様\n>\n> 郵便物をセンタオフィス \n> にあずけています\n>\n> お受取り下さい\n>\n> 尼北局 \n> （堀田）\n\nSo they're telling you to pick up your mail (or parcel?) at the センタオフィス\n(Center Office?)\n\n* * *\n\nRoom #654 \nMr. Berardi(?) José Luis\n\nWe have left/entrusted the mail/parcel for you at the Center Office. \nPlease pick it up.\n\nAmagasaki-Kita Post Office \n(Hotta)* \n* Name of the deliverer",
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| 48998 | 49005 | 49005 |
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"body": "I've stumbled across this line in a short novel and all of a sudden,\neverything I've learnt so far as a student in the language has gone out the\nwindow by something as simple as the \"で\" particle.\n\n> 「美咲{みさき}のそういう冷たい顔で暑苦しい所、本当にキモいと思うけど、結構好きだよボク？」\n\nFrom what I can gather, it almost feels like で should be translated as\nsomething like \"yet or \"but\" here, but I'm not aware of any usages of \"で\" with\nthis sort of nuance.\n\n> \"A cold expression like that on Misaki yet[?] In a hot place, I think it's\n> really gross but I kinda like it?\"\n\nI'm not sure, the whole first part \"美咲のそういう冷たい顔で暑苦しい所\" seems a mess when I try\nto translate it in my head and I think it's because the で is causing me\nconfusion, so it would be great if someone could point out where I'm going\nwrong :)",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "The purpose of で in this context?",
"view_count": 82
} | [
{
"body": "で on its own does not have the nuance of \"but\" or \"yet\". Here this で is simply\n[the te-form of the\ncopula](http://www.japaneseprofessor.com/reference/grammar/conjugations-of-\nthe-japanese-copula/). ～顔だ and ～顔をしている are common expressions in Japanese\n(see: [Describing facial\nexpression](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42349/5010)).\n\nBasically 冷たい顔で暑苦しい (literally \"being sultry (while) having a cold face\") is a\nkind of [oxymoronic](https://www.thoughtco.com/awfully-good-examples-of-\noxymorons-1691814) expression and should be treated as such. Explicitly\ninserting \"but\" in a rhetoric expression like \"bitter sweet\" is awful, isn't\nit?",
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| 48999 | null | 49008 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been studying kanjis for the JLPT and I still can't understand when 区 is\nused. The textbook only said that that kanji means area but it doesn't have\nexamples. I found one like this on the internet:\n\n> * 東京23区\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-03T23:20:36.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49000",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T06:05:42.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "19322",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "When is this kanji 区 used in an \"area\" context?",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "区 is translated as _ward_. 東京23区 are the core 23 special wards in Tokyo\nPrefecture, which do not belong to any 市町村 (city, town or village). Some large\ncities in other prefectures also have 区 as subdivisions of 市.\n\nSee:\n\n * [Administrative divisions of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Japan)\n * [Special wards of Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyo) \n(e.g., 東京都渋谷区千駄ヶ谷 = Sendagaya, Shibuya Ward, Tokyo Prefecture)\n\n * [Wards of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wards_of_Japan) \n(e.g., 静岡県浜松市中区 = Naka Ward, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefcture)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** 区 can also refer to a subdivision of a city in many foreign\ncountries. Such subdivisions are called under various names, but 区 is the\nkanji generally used in Japanese.\n\n * The 32 London boroughs are called ロンドン自治区.\n * The 5 boroughs of New York Cities are called 区 (e.g., ブルックリン区).\n * The 12 boroughs/districts/Bezirke of Berlin, Germany are 区 or 行政区.\n * The 21 districts/distritos of Madrid, Spain are 区 or 行政区.\n * Some French cities have [municipal arrondissements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_arrondissements_of_France), which are called 区 in Japanese.\n\nWhen used in a compound, it can have even broader sense (区域 is \"district\" in\ngeneral).",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-03T23:50:16.457",
"id": "49002",
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| 49000 | null | 49002 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49004",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A ex kick-boxer that now switched to boxing owes money to the yakuza. The\nfollowing is a dialogue between him and the yakuza man that comes weekly to\ncollect the money (借金取り). 新人王 is the name of a boxing tournament for rookies.\n\n> Yakuza man: お前新人王出んのか… 元キックだって聞いてたが、ボクシングに来たのか。金作るヒマなくて遊ぶ時間はあるのか？\n>\n> Ex kick-boxer: 登りつめりゃ **文句** ないでしょ？ 武器が拳だけのボクシングなんてワケないスから…\n\nI think that what the ex kick-boxer says could be translated into:\n\n> You don't have any objection about me winning (climbing up) the tournament,\n> do you? Since boxing is easy as they only use punches as weapons...\n\nIf I read the question alone I think I understand what it means, but there's\nから in the second part of the sentence and I don't understand why the first\npart should be a consequence of the second. What I would find a natural\nconsequence of the second part would be \"It will be easy for me to win,\nright?\", but it is too far from the meaning of 文句. Does 文句 refer to an\nobjection by the yakuza man or to something else I am not getting here? Thank\nyou for your help!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-03T23:49:05.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49001",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of 文句 in the following dialogue",
"view_count": 108
} | [
{
"body": "登りつめりゃ is a contraction of 登りつめれば. See [`eba` to `ya`\ncontraction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/12525/5010). This 文句 refers\nto what was just said by the 借金取り.\n\nPerhaps you failed to read between the lines. He implies:\n\n> You don't have to fuss (about the money and my seemingly bad behavior) _if_\n> I win the tournament (because the champion can get a lot of money), huh?\n> (And I will certainly be the champion) because boxing is easy as they only\n> use punches as weapons.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T00:06:55.857",
"id": "49004",
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| 49001 | 49004 | 49004 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49006",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 戻ってくると、千波が我先に **と** 駆け寄った。\n\nonce we came back, chinami was the first to run up to (us).\n\nhow does this sentence change without the と after 我先に? Doesn't seem to\nquotatitive or conditional.\n\nthank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-03T23:51:19.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49003",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-04T00:17:14.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "usage of と in this sentence",
"view_count": 391
} | [
{
"body": "This と is \"the optional と\" that attaches certain adverbs. In your case,\ndropping と does not change the meaning of the sentence.\n\nSee:\n\n * [What role does と play in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36764/5010)\n * [What is the purpose of adding と?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24943/5010)\n * [What does adding と after an adverb do?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42163/5010)\n\n我先に【われさきに】 is a set phrase meaning \"striving to be the first\". It does not\nnecessarily mean Chinami was actually the first one.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T00:20:44.200",
"id": "49006",
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| 49003 | 49006 | 49006 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I am reading Dragon Ball in Japanese and I got stuck with this sentence.\nGoku is looking for food and looks down at a river and says:\n\n> よし！久しぶりに魚にしようっと！\n\nwhich I think means something like\n\n> Nice! It's been a while since the last time I ate fish!\n\nSo I can understand it by context but I would like somebody to break it down\nfor me and explain to me the use of the two に and especially しようっと. Thank you\nvery much!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T02:46:54.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49011",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T07:21:12.040",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-04T03:03:18.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "22809",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"manga",
"sentence"
],
"title": "What does よし！久しぶりに魚にしようっと！ mean?",
"view_count": 474
} | [
{
"body": "* よし in this context is closer to \"Okay\" or \"Alright\" said when you've decided something. It's defined as 決意する時に発する声 in [this dictionary entry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/227500/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%88%E3%81%97/).\n * 久しぶり is a noun that works as a no-adjective (sometimes also as a na-adjective). There is no single-word equivalent in English. This に after 久しぶり is used to [turn a na-/no-adjective into an adverb](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/adgobi.html). \n\n> * **久しぶりの** 休暇 _first_ vacation _in a long time_\n> * **久しぶりに** 走る to run _for the first time in a while_\n>\n> (Note that 休暇 is a noun and 走る is a verb.)\n\n * ～にする is a very common set phrase which has [several meanings](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B). In this case, it means \"to decide on ～ (from multiple options)\" or \"to choose\".\n * しよう is the volitional form of する.\n * For っと, see [What does volitional form + っと mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27744/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T03:24:49.110",
"id": "49012",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 49011 | null | 49012 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "> お土産を気に入ってくれたことに安堵すると、\n\nWhat is the meaning of ことに ? This is something I see from time to time, but I\ndon't understand its pattern. Aren't ことは or ことを working here ?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T07:47:51.900",
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"id": "49014",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "meaning of ことに?",
"view_count": 72
} | []
| 49014 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Once a friend of mine was eating a 美味しそうハンバーガー。 Then I said 味は良さそうなぁ。かじりたいんだ\nHe replied こいつかじりましい？\n\nI wonder what he meant by that. I might have heard wrongly,though. I think it\nmeans \"does it look biteable\" or something...",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T07:50:37.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49015",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-10T06:24:02.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Is かじりましい right？",
"view_count": 170
} | [
{
"body": "It doesn't make sense. You would hear wrongly. As a possibility, it may be\nこいつかじりたい(Do you want to bite this)?.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T08:48:18.687",
"id": "49016",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T08:48:18.687",
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{
"body": "> こいつかじりましい？\n\nThis phrase does not make sense. I think your friend might have said like:\n\n> こいつかじります？ _Do you bite this?_ or _Do you want to bite this?_\n\nThe reason I guess like this is because: The sound of \"u\" in [す]｛su｝\npronounced by Japanese people is like \"i い\" sound, because we Japanese\npronounce it softer without straining the muscle around the mouth compared to\nthat pronouced by such as a native English speaker in US. If so, you could\nhave heard it like:\n\n> こいつかじりま-C？ for こいつかじります？\n\n## Alternative Answer\n\n> こいつかじりましい？\n\nThis phrase does not make sense. I think your friend might have said jokingly\nlike:\n\n> こいつかじりませ～！ \n> \" _Bite this one, please!_ \" or \" _Give a bite at this one, please! \"_\n\nI assume here that the friend is a man.\n\nThe reason I guess like this is because:\n\nGenerally, \"齧｛かじ｝る _to bite_ or _to gnaw_ \" is used when animals, especially\nsmall animals, eat fruits partially and the like, but it is not used when\npeople eat something. However, because you are non-native Japanese, you might\nuse a word \"かじる\" without any joke, he interpreted that you jokingly said\n\"かじらせて\" instead of saying \"一口食べさせて _Let me bite just a little bit_ \". So, he\nreplied with a joke using the same word \"かじる\" as you used.\n\nSpecifically, in order to keep the feelings of your joke, he answered with\nenlonging the last vowel like, \"かじりませ～！\" with the meaning of \"Bite just a\nlittle bit!\" Certainly the given phrase has a question mark as \"かじりませしい？\"\nHowever, it might be your misunderstanding that you took his reply as a\nquestion. In truth, I think that he enlonged or duplicated the last vowel of\nthe phrase while raising the tune to the end like \"かじりませえ⤴！\"\n\nAnd it is similar to what I said in the first answer, the Japanese does not\npronounce vowels strongly by straining the muscles around the mouth compared\nto native English speakers, so \"え\" sound spoken by the Japanese is close to\n\"い\" sound by native English speakers. Therefore, even he pronounced \"かじりませえ⤴\",\nit could be heard like \"かじりましい⤴\" by non-native Japanese.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T10:26:06.190",
"id": "49017",
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| 49015 | null | 49017 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49019",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between dayo and desu? I was participating in a chat\nand a person said genki dayo. I am assuming that dayo and desu mean the same\nthing and can be used interchangeably. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T10:32:26.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49018",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between dayo and desu?",
"view_count": 14466
} | [
{
"body": "です is polite form. だよ is casual and friendly. You shouldn't use them\ninterchangeably.\n\nIf you use だよ to your boss or unfamiliar people, they would think you are\nrude.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T11:26:40.180",
"id": "49019",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T11:26:40.180",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "49018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
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| 49018 | 49019 | 49019 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49028",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "失礼します and すみません。Is one form more polite or does it depend on the amount of\ntime involved before someone leaves a situation? It seems like 失礼しますis used in\npreparation for leaving and すみません is used when actually leaving. I want to be\npolite when leaving a conversation, and excusing myself. Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T12:18:45.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49021",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T13:12:29.257",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T13:12:29.257",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 失礼します and すみません?",
"view_count": 6912
} | [
{
"body": "> It seems like 失礼します is used in preparation for leaving and すみません is used\n> when actually leaving.\n\n失礼します and すみません have different usage.\n\n失礼します is a phrase that could be used in this situation. Because, it basically\nmeans \"Excuse me!\", but it has also meanings like: \"Goodbye!\", \"I'm leaving.\",\n\"I have to go.\", \"I hate to run, but...\", or \"I've got to go.\" \nBut, すみません means only as \"Excuse me!\", so it needs an additional phrase\nmeaning the reason to leave the situation in order to use it in this situation\nlike:\n\n * すみませんが失礼します。 \n * すみません。ちょっと席｛せき｝を外｛はず｝させてください。 \n * すみませんが急用｛きゅうよう｝がありますので。 \n * すみません。（携帯｛けいたい｝）電話｛でんわ｝が鳴｛な｝っていますので。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T15:33:23.693",
"id": "49028",
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{
"body": "Adding a little to what mackygoo says, it helps me to consider the characters\nfor the expressions.\n\n「失礼」 means rudeness, a lapse of form, so to speak. So, 「失礼します。」 is rather\nliterally \"I am rude.\" or \"I am being rude.\" That's why you tend to use it\nwhen you're climbing over people's legs to get from one car to the next on the\ntrain.\n\n「[済み]{すみ}ません。」 means \"I can't clear this.\" Or, rather, \"It doesn't end.\" In\nother words, you need to be bothersome, or to interrupt something. So you\nwould tend to use it when you want to get someone's attention to ask\ndirections (「済みません、[道]{みち}を[教えて]{おしえて}いただけませんか？」) or tell them they've dropped\nsomething (「済みません。[御落とし]{おおとし}[物]{もの}ではありません？」)\n\nA phrase that is commonly used in the Kansai area is 「お[先]{さき}に失礼します。」(along\nwith 「[お疲れ]{おつかれ}[様]{さま}です。」). But I'm not going to try to explain it because,\nas near as I can tell, the usage is rather dependent on the dialect. The use\nin Osaka is definitely different from the use in Kobe. Keep your ears open for\nit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T13:27:33.143",
"id": "49064",
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"owner_user_id": "22711",
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}
]
| 49021 | 49028 | 49028 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am bit lost by the きたんだろう in this sentence.\n\nあれはお前が勝手にしてきたんだろう\n\nsomething like you do what you want with me? I read somewhere that this きたんだろう\nmeans something like the speaker \"knows\" what to do. but i am totally\nconfused.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T14:31:40.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49024",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T22:15:30.463",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22811",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "きたんだろう at the end",
"view_count": 246
} | [
{
"body": "Context is king! I'll try to answer your question, but trying to do it without\nany context is a pain in the neck.\n\n 1. だろう is the form of でしょう, which you use when speaking with a person you're familiar with and you can afford to use it.\n\n 2. ん is a contraction of の.\n\nThese two forms original, dictionary form would be んだ, alternatively のだ or\nのです. でしょう (or だろう) when linked with の/ん forms sort of rhetorical question. The\nspeaker seeks agreement, he's not really asking the question.\n\n 3. te-form + きた indicates that an action has been taking place over some period of time.\n\n 4. 勝手にする means \"to do something selfishly\".\n\nWith these 4 points in mind, I believe the right answer to your question would\nbe something along the lines of \"I guess, you've been doing that without any\nregard to anyone or anything, haven't you?!\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T15:03:28.403",
"id": "49026",
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| 49024 | null | 49026 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49032",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "metaphor 隠喩 (in'yu) love 愛 (Ai) death 死 (Shi) dream 夢 (yume) I ma looking for\nthe words (translations) which are..hmm how to say it.. which are the \"most\ngeneral\" :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T14:59:35.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49025",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T17:01:02.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22813",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Are these translations of 'metaphor', 'love', 'death', 'dream' correct?",
"view_count": 482
} | [
{
"body": "**metaphor** \nMy understanding on this section is limited, but here is what my research\nuncovered. Feel free to comment if this is incorrect. \n・`暗喩【あんゆ】` is specifically `metaphor`. However, `メタファー` is more commonly used\nthese days. \n・`直喩【ちょくゆ】` is specifically `simile`. Similes use `like` or `as` which in\nJapanese equates to `～のような` or `～みたい`, irrespectively. \n・`四字熟語【よじじゅくご】` is a four-character idiom that represents a classic tale or\nproverb (often Chinese in origin). This is comparable to `That's the last\nstraw!` in English. Without knowing the proverb `It is the last straw that\nbreaks the camel’s back.` this interjection wouldn't make any sense. Japanese\nhas a lot of _yojijukugo_. \n・`比喩{ひゆ}` is used for the general category of metaphors, similes, idioms, and\n_yojijukugo_.\n\n**love** \n・`愛｛あい｝` is far and away the most common word for love. Keep in mind that it\nis a noun, not a verb. To say, `～ loves ～` you would have to use `～は～を愛してる`,\nwhich is literally `～ is in the state of loving ～`. I once read that this word\noriginally came from the Buddhist concept of attachment (thus originally\nhaving a negative connotation), but I can't find the evidence for that at the\nmoment.\n\n**death** \n・`死【し】` is correct as a noun. The verb is `死ぬ`. Keep in mind that this is a\nmore extreme concept in Japanese culture than in the US. For example, the\nworst profanities I ever heard in Japan include this idea. Otherwise the\nconcept of `profanity` seemed foreign to people and its equivalence was\nconveyed grammatically (rather than semantically). All that to say, use it\nwisely.\n\n**dream** \n・`夢{ゆめ}` is `dream` in the literal sense of what happens when you sleep. `To\nhave a dream` is literally `to see a dream`, `夢を見る`.\n\nSo, why those four words specifically?",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 49025 | 49032 | 49032 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "52504",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> でも傘に穴空いてて髪が濡れた\n\nI understand the message in this \"But, my umbrella had a hole in it so my hair\ngot wet\"\n\nBut I don't quite get what it's the te-form in **穴空いてて** is doing, is it the\nte form of compound sentence meaning \"and\" so the literal translation would\nbe:\n\n\"But the umbrella had a hole in it **and** my hair got wet.\"\n\nAlso a friend of mine told me the quote could become:\n\n> でも傘に穴空いている、だから髪が濡れた。\n\nSo it confused me a bit because it made it seem that he is saying that, that\nte-form is the same as だから...\n\nalso, 穴空いている could be 穴が空いている?\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T15:16:14.163",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "I don't understand what's the te-form purpose in here",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "> でも傘に穴あいてて髪が濡れた。\n\n＝「でも、傘に穴があいて（開いて）いて、髪が濡れた。」の口語の短縮表現。\n\n・・・・・・・・・・\n\n開いていて＝「開いている」の連用形「開いてい」に接続助詞「て」がついたもの。\n\n開いている＝か行五段活用動詞「あく」の連用形「あい」に、接続助詞「て」がつき、補助動詞であり、上一段動詞である「いる」が付いたもの。\n\n・・・・・・・・・・・・・・\n\nかさに穴が開いていて is the cause and 髪が濡れた is the result. Therefore, the te-form\nfunctions as rather \"because\", \"since,\" and \"as\" than \"and.\"\n\n> \"But the umbrella had a hole in it **and** my hair got wet.\"\n\nThis is not bad. However,\n\n> \"But my hair got wet **because** the umbrella had a hole in it.\"\n\nThis is a better interpretation if this is a Japanese exam. Personally,\nhowever, I don't care much whether the conjunction, te-form, is \"because\" or\n\"and\" in this context. They do not change the meaning. They are more or less\nthe same.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 49027 | 52504 | 52504 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've never come across \"の方が格上\" before, I'm wondering if it's a set phrase that\nwould describe someone being \"out of your league\" in terms of power/strength\nso the implication is that one cannot hope to beat the person in question?\n\nThis is the original sentence I saw it in:\n\n> ありゃ完全にあっちの方が格上だ\n\nFor context A tells B she was wants to get a little revenge on C (C beat her\nin battle some time ago), B rebukes her with \"やめとけよ。ありゃ完全にあっちの方が格上だ\"\n\nGoing by my assumption it would translate as \"let it go. He's on a whole other\nlevel.\"\n\nSo is my assumption about ~の方が格上 correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T16:58:59.070",
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"id": "49031",
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"owner_user_id": "22816",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Is \"~の方が格上だ\" a set phrase of sorts?",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "I don't think it's a set phrase. The sentence can be translated in the usual\nfashion.\n\n> あっちの方が格上だ\n\n`Xの方{ほう}が` is used for comparisons (full form is `Xの方がYよりZ`), here we're just\nmissing the implied `[お前]より` part. `あっち`= the third party (C). And `格上` is\njust \"higher rank/status\". So,\n\n> They are/He is of a higher rank [than you].\n\nOf course, depending on the context, \"on a whole other level\" may be an\nacceptable translation as well...",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T17:58:35.937",
"id": "49036",
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| 49031 | null | 49036 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49047",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Amusingly enough, it seems like by swapping the kanji in 始終 you can get a\nslightly different word. What is the difference between the two of them? I\nfound some answers on Japanese sites but reading them I feel like I'm just\ngoing through a bunch of synonyms and very similar descriptions. An English\nanswer would really help...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T17:24:39.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49034",
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between 始終 and 終始?",
"view_count": 292
} | [
{
"body": "始終（しじゅう） is relatively rare in modern Japanese, except that a four-kanji\ncompound [一部始終](http://jisho.org/word/%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%A7%8B%E7%B5%82) is\ncommon. Standalone 始終 mainly appears in stiff literary works as an adverb\nmeaning \"all the time\". If I heard 始終 in conversation, I might not understand\nit.\n\n終始（しゅうし） is much more common than 始終. It can also mean \"all the time\" or\n\"always\", but I think it tends to mean \"from beginning to end (of a certain\nevent, etc)\" more often. 終始 is also a suru-verb. ～に終始する is a common phrase\nmeaning \"to do only ～ from beginning to end.\"\n\n> 会合は終始よいムードだった。 \n> The meeting was in a good mood from beginning to end.\n>\n> スピーチの中で、彼は弁解に終始した。 \n> In his speech, he entirely focused on making excuses.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T02:10:45.160",
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| 49034 | 49047 | 49047 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49046",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I saw a scan of an official manga that's to be released, however the first\nspeech bubble's grammar confused me. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0PcCw.jpg)\n\nI am unsure if it is to be read as:\n\n> 1) 水も滴るイイ男!!\n\nor as\n\n> 2) 水も滴る。イイ男!!\n\n(1) makes question if a construction allows for a relative clause to modify a\nnoun which is already modified by an adjective. Perhaps this is exclusive to\ncolloquial Japanese? (2) seems unlikely due to the stylistic choice of\nkatakana before 「男」, but makes more sense to me.\n\nHowever, this may all be due to me misinterpreting how vertical Japanese is\nmeant to be read?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T17:56:26.893",
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"id": "49035",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-04T18:36:09.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "3295",
"owner_user_id": "17667",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"i-adjectives",
"modification"
],
"title": "Is the construction 'Verb + adjective + noun' possible?",
"view_count": 184
} | [
{
"body": "In fact, this is [an\nidiom](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%e6%b0%b4%e3%82%82%e6%bb%b4%e3%82%8b)\nmeaning approximately \"extremely good-looking/hansdsome [man]\". and definitely\nshould read like 1). The literal meaning seems to be \"so [good-looking] that\n[he's] dripping [with beauty], like water\".\n\nGrammatically it's indeed a verb modifying a noun modified by an adjective,\nbut I think such constructions are actually pretty common in Japanese. E.g.\n[from Tatoeba](https://tatoeba.org/eng/sentences/show/90560)\n\n> 彼女は輝{かがや}く黒{くろ}い目{め}をしていた。 \n> She had bright black eyes.\n\nI'm sure you can find many more such examples.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T18:34:39.597",
"id": "49037",
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{
"body": "First, [水も滴る](http://jisho.org/word/%E6%B0%B4%E3%82%82%E6%BB%B4%E3%82%8B)いい男/女\nis an idiomatic expression.\n\nGrammatically speaking, 水も滴る modifies イイ男 as a relative clause. A noun can\nsafely take more than one modifiers. One noun can be even modified by two\nrelative clauses simultaneously, directly or indirectly (see the last part of\n[this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/46822/5010) for examples).\n\nBy the way, if I simplified this phrase a bit, does 水が滴る男 make sense to you?\nIf not, this is called a _head-less relative clause_ , which is explained in\ndetail in [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010). This\nis not limited to colloquial Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 49035 | 49046 | 49046 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49043",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I think I've only seen this usage in anime and manga so not sure how common it\nis in real life. Sometimes に seems to be used as \"and\", usually (always?) with\npeople, e.g. something like:\n\n```\n\n 田中に黒田じゃないか!\n Well, if it isn't Tanaka and Kuroda!\n \n```\n\nIs this one of the inherent (but uncommon) meaning of に, some remnant of old\ngrammar like が/の reversal, or something else altogether?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T19:24:06.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49038",
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"owner_user_id": "3295",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "why に can mean \"and\"?",
"view_count": 208
} | [
{
"body": "This usage of に is not limited to people.\n\nI think に expresses a combination or a meaningful set rather than a simple\nlist. For example, 「ご飯に納豆。」 by itself can imply \"Natto goes well with (cooked)\nrice\", whereas 「ご飯と納豆。」 is simply \"(It's) rice and natto.\" In other words,\nsaying に implies the list is somehow incomplete without the remaining unsaid\npart. In 田中に黒田's case, the sentence slightly emphasizes the fact they came in\na twosome, which might be strange or surprising to the speaker. Maybe it's\nlike slightly adding the nuance of \"what's more\" in English.\n\nI don't think this usage of に is particularly archaic. It sounds rhythmical\nand emphatic, though. [This\nconstruction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24847/5010) used to\nemphasize a verb may be relevant.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
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| 49038 | 49043 | 49043 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49044",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: in a manga a girl kisses a boy. He is so scared that he pushes her\naway. Then the girl says (I divided the sentences as they are divided in the\nballoons):\n\n> あぁ… ファーストキス？ゴメンゴメン。 **/** でも **傷つく** なぁー そんなに怯えられるなんて… **/** 性で何かあった？\n\nI know that 傷つく is an intransitive verb, but I don't understand who is the\nsubject here. Which of the following translations is the correct one?\n\n 1. If you get so scared, it means you are wounded (inside)... Did you have a bad experience with sex?\n\n 2. I feel hurt that you got so scared... Did you have a bad experience with sex?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-04T19:46:29.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49039",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-05T01:09:15.240",
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"owner_user_id": "17797",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Problem with 傷つく: who is hurt in this dialogue?",
"view_count": 101
} | [
{
"body": "The subject of 傷つく (\"to get hurt\") is the girl herself, and your second\ninterpretation is correct. 怯えられる here is so-called\n[迷惑の受け身](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1777/5010), which is another\nhint that the girl feels hurt.\n\nTo say \"you are wounded\", at least ～ている is needed because 傷つく is a punctual\n(instant state-change) verb. \"そんなに怯えて(い)るなんて、(心が)傷ついて(い)るんだね。\" or something\nsimilar would mean the first one.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 49039 | 49044 | 49044 |
{
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"body": "In my book I have this sentence:\n\n> 生徒が学校へ行こうと思って野を歩いていると、一ぴきのきつねが遠くにいるのをみた。\n\nI understand the sentence, \"The student, who is walking in the field while he\nwants to go to school, saw a fox far away\".\n\nBut what's the purpose of \"と\" here?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T20:27:23.217",
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"owner_user_id": "19390",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と particle after a full sentence",
"view_count": 83
} | [
{
"body": "と in this case implies that something **unexpected** is following. \"The\nstudent was walking in the field to go to school, when he saw a fox far away.\"\nOr we can emphasize like that to see the nuance: \"Just when the student\nthought of going to school and was walking in the field, he saw a fox far\naway.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T21:40:28.577",
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| 49040 | null | 49041 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49045",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 噂の広まりようから考えても、飛鳥の意見には同意せざるを得ない。\n\nEven if (i) consider how the rumours spread , (I) can't help but agree with\nAsuka's comments.\n\nWhat is the function of ようから, and how does it differ from 噂の広まりようと考えても？\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-04T22:52:48.847",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49042",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-05T01:24:15.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "22187",
"owner_user_id": "22187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "use of ようから in this sentence",
"view_count": 96
} | [
{
"body": "`masu-stem + よう` forms a noun phrase, \"the way/manner of `verb`\", \"how\nsomething `verb`\".\n\n噂の広まりよう **と** 考える is incorrect because \"the quotative と\" marks the content of\nyour thoughts itself. It's equally incorrect to the following sentence in\nEnglish:\n\n> [×] I think, \"The way rumors spread\".\n\nNote that \"think something\" and \"think _about_ something\" is different. In\nthis case, you need to say:\n\n> I think _about_ how the rumors spread.\n\nTo say something like this, と is not an option. Instead, use the following\nexpressions:\n\n> 噂の広まりよう **を** 考えても、… \n> 噂の広まりよう **について** 考えても、…\n\nThese would perfectly fit in your example sentence, too.\n\n～ **から** 考える is less common, but it means something like \"to think based on\n～\", \"to think from ～'s perspective\" or \"to think with ～ as a starter\",\ndepending on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 49042 | 49045 | 49045 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49049",
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"body": "What is the Japanese word for the action of announcing court orders to the\npublic, by running to the journalists and expanding a piece of rolled paper\nwith the verdict written on it ([like here](http://www.japantimes.co.jp/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2014/05/p1-oi-a-20140522-870x632.jpg))?\n\nIn a casual conversation, I wanted to compare a business situation when no\ndetails were given to the interested party but the final verdict, and while my\ndescription was clear, I still think there must be a proper term for this\nphenomenon.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T02:31:50.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49048",
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is this specific way of announcing court orders called?",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "専門的な正式名称ではあの紙を「判決等即報用手持幡」と呼び、一部の弁護士はあの行為を「ハタ出し」と呼ぶそうです。\n\n * [「勝訴」の紙の呼び方やルール、そこには知られざるドラマがあった。](http://www.narinari.com/smart/news/2012/09/19041/)\n\n> 私が属している弁護団では『 **ハタ** 』と呼んでおり、裁判所前でハタを掲げることは『 **ハタ出し**\n> 』と呼んでいます。正式には、『判決等即報用手持幡』というらしいのですが、誰もそんな正式名称は使っていません。\n\n * [判決等速報用手持幡](http://www.bengoshi-blog.com/words/item_13225.html)\n\n> 判決等速報用手持幡（はんけつとうそくほうようてもちばた）とは、弁護士等が裁判所前で掲げる垂れ幕のこと。 \n> 裁判の結果を、”勝訴”・”敗訴”・”無罪”・”不当判決”等と端的に伝えるために使用される。 一般的には、” **幡（はた）** ”や”\n> **びろーん** ”と呼ばれる。\n\n * [アレの名前【世界面白判例集その３】](http://www.legalnet-ms.jp/topics/2014/002237.html)\n\n> その名も...「びろーん」。 \n> (本当です) \n> あえてもう一度言いましょう。あの垂れ幕様のお名前、「びろーん」と言います。 \n> (正式名称は判決等速報用手持幡というらしく、略称として **びろーん** や **ハタ** とわれているようです。)\n\n「ハタ」や「びろーん」はあくまで法律関係者の間での俗称であって、一般人が知っている用語は存在しないと思います。普通は「裁判で判決が出た時にカメラの前でびろーんと出すアレ」「勝訴とか不当判決とか書いてある垂れ幕みたいなもの」などと言わないと通じないと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T02:44:55.547",
"id": "49049",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 49048 | 49049 | 49049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49053",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "一箇月 is an outdated version of 一ヶ月\n\nThe ヶ in this case is not the katakana ケ but a shorthand for the kanji: 箇\n**and** therefore does not produce the \"ke\" sound.\n\nI got this idea because ヶ kind of looks like the bamboo radical in the top\nleft. Is my assumption correct? Are there other characters that have the same\nfunction as ヶ? What are these **shorthands** called?\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T03:42:48.227",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Question concerning ヶ in 一ヶ月",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "The (Chinese) abbreviated form of the kanji is 个. The handwritten form of this\nlooks rather like ケ, so ケ came to be used in Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T06:49:14.887",
"id": "49053",
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| 49050 | 49053 | 49053 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49052",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is using the honorific postfix -氏{し} usaged biased towards men or is it\nequally appropriate to be used for women as well?\n\nBuilding from this excellent answer about honorifics: [What does 氏 mean after\na name, how is it different from さん or\n様?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2482/what-\ndoes-%E6%B0%8F-mean-after-a-name-how-is-it-different-\nfrom-%E3%81%95%E3%82%93-or-%E6%A7%98)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T06:08:10.257",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Is the honorific postfix -氏{し} usually used towards men?",
"view_count": 1264
} | [
{
"body": "There used to be a clear bias toward men, but today you can safely use 氏 for\nwomen as well. If you read articles written in the Meiji or Taisho period,\nyou'll probably see 氏 used for men and 女史 for women with a high social status.\nI found an example\n[here](http://blog.goo.ne.jp/1971913/e/d2591fe836716e927a85162415a23315). Note\nthat horizontal sentences were written from right to left in those days.\n\nToday, 女史 has almost fallen out of use, and 氏 has become almost completely\ngender-neutral.\n\nThat said, 氏 tends to be preferred for a person with a higher social status.\nYou may find a recent interview article where 氏 is used for a male CEO and さん\nis used for his wife and daughters.\n\nHere's a relevant explanation on Wikipedia (From\n[敬称](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E7%A7%B0)):\n\n> ### 氏（し）\n>\n> 肩書きを別にして紹介する時に使用し、一般的に話し言葉ではあまり使われず、書き言葉または報告や報道といった改まった場面で用いる。\n> **主として男性に用いることが多かったが、現在では女性に対して用いることも多い** 。\n>\n> ### 女史（じょし）\n>\n>\n> 社会的な地位が高い女性に対して用いる（本来は男性に用いる「氏」に対応した女性用の敬称だったが、男性と対等な女性とは、かつてはすべて社会的に高い地位を獲得した女性だけだった）。現在では古風な表現。場合によってはやや揶揄的に用いられる。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T06:27:57.600",
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| 49051 | 49052 | 49052 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49055",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> A: 結婚したいけど、僕 **に** はお金がないから... \n> B: お金なんか要らない **わ** 。あなたといっしょにいるだけでいいの。\n\nThey are printed in bold. I dont really have problems understanding the\nsentence. But I wouldn't know what nuances are brought in by the elements in\nquestion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T06:57:24.387",
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"id": "49054",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What does this に do in this sentence? And this わ in the following?",
"view_count": 84
} | [
{
"body": "The first に just indicates existence/possession in this case. I think that\ngrammatically this kind of construction is called something like _passive\nperiphrastic_ (EDIT: no it's not. See comments). For example, literally you\nwould translate it as \"to me is (not) money\", which means of course \"I don't\nhave money\".\n\nConsider also this simple example:\n\n> 私には彼女がいます。\n\nWhich means obviously means \"I have a girlfriend\" although literally it would\nbe \"To me is a girlfriend\".\n\nSo, to recap, you can think of に as usual as a \"pointer\". And do you remember\nthe general rule that when indicating existence with ある・いる these verbs want\nthe particle に? It's the same thing here as you are basically stating that\n\"there is (not) money\", where? \"to you\".\n\nRegarding わ, it is just something similar to よ that as you knows adds emphasis\nto the sentence. The difference is that わ if I'm not wrong is used mostly by\nfemales. Also, I think it is quite used in Kansai dialect.",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T07:05:27.357",
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| 49054 | 49055 | 49055 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49057",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm a bit confused about the following dialogue:\n\n> A: 彼が医学部に行くって、聞いた。 \n> B: 彼が医者になるなんて信じられない。魚も料理できないのに。\n\n=>\n\n> A: Did you hear that he is entering medical studies? \n> B: I can't believe that he is becoming doctor or the like. Though he can't\n> even make fish/He can't even make fish after all...\n\nThe comparison that is done here seems quite unusual to me, that's why I'm\nasking for confirmation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is this irony here?",
"view_count": 160
} | [
{
"body": "I have not seen something similar, either, but yes it's obviously an ironical\nstatement. 魚も料理できない in this context implies either (1) he is terribly clumsy,\nor (2) he is afraid of touching gross things like dead fish.\n\nNote that \"doctor or the like\" is not what this sentence is saying. This なんて\nrefers to the action of 医者になる as a whole, and it's explained\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/421/5010).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T08:00:47.230",
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{
"body": "Certainly there is a nuance of irony over the extreme contrast between \"fish\ncooking\" and \"a doctor (including a physician, a surgeon, etc.)\". I think that\nthe basic part of the contrast is \"to cut flesh\" or \"to execute a surgical\noperation\".\n\nThe speaker thinks that there is \"a surgical operation\" as one of the main\npart of the doctor's work. As an amateur's understanding, the speaker seems to\nthink that \"surgery\", \"cutting flesh\" or \"dissecting\" are the same thing as a\nwhole. On the other hand, I think that the speaker assumes that cleaning fish\n(removing the scales and guts from fish) and filleting fish (removing bones\nfrom fish), that are similar to a surgical operation, have to be done prior to\ncooking them.\n\nAs a whole, the speaker thinks and says ironically and ignorantly that the\nstudent cannot become a doctor because he cannot even cook fish.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T08:18:17.480",
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| 49056 | 49057 | 49057 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49061",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Basically, か , its pronunciation is 'ka'. But I hear 'ga', が , in this\nexpression which is in the end of a question. So which one should we choose\nhere? And when do we choose 'ka', when 'ga'?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T09:04:50.877",
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"id": "49059",
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"owner_user_id": "22823",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particles",
"pronunciation",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "What's the pronunciation of か in ですか?",
"view_count": 618
} | [
{
"body": "When reading a written sentence, the reading is as written: か is read ka; が is\nread ga.\n\nAs for choosing which one to use:\n\nか is an interrogative particle and marks the sentence as a regular question.\n\nですが is the sentence connecting particle が with the meaning of \"but\" (sometimes\nalso has introductory meaning) In this case, if nothing is said afterwards,\nthere is omitted sentence that the listener should be able to guess based on\ncontext.\n\nCommon usage is to soften a request or a statement. Examples (that would work\nin _some_ contexts):\n\n~ I would have a question, but... (don't want to bother you, would it still be\nalright to ask?) = you would like to ask something, but want to be polite and\nnot push the listener into answering, so you just suggest that you have a\nquestion so the listener can react on their own volition if they want to\nanswer (at least this is how the situation is presented)\n\n~ I think we should do it, but... (maybe you think otherwise, I may be wrong).\n\nThe parts in brackets may or may not have been said out loud.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T11:44:18.517",
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| 49059 | 49061 | 49061 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49065",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the Genki series of textbooks, we are taught that both the て-form of a verb\nand the conjunction と can join sentences.\n\nI'm slightly unclear on their semantic differences. Some examples with my best\ntranslations,\n\n> 私はその人と話す **と** 元気になる。 _Whenever I talk with that person, I feel uplifted._\n>\n> 私はその人と **話して** 元気になる。 _I talk to that person and feel uplifted._\n\nIs this correct? It seems that と makes an assertion that holds very generally,\nwhile て is a statement of something that happened (or will happen) once.\n\nThe text lists the next sentence as wrong,\n\n> × 私はその人と話す **と** 喫茶店に行きます。 _Whenever I talk to that person, we go to a\n> coffee shop._\n>\n> 私はその人と **話して** 喫茶店に行きます。 _I talk to that person, and go to a coffee shop._\n\nIs my previous interpretation/translation still accurate here? If so, is it\nwrong because the first sentence _probably_ meant to say the second?\n\n(Quick follow-up: can we also use multiple と's in a sentence in this way?)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T11:58:36.807",
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"id": "49062",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と",
"conjunctions",
"て-form"
],
"title": "と conjunction vs. て-form conjunction?",
"view_count": 1477
} | [
{
"body": "I think 「私はその人と話して元気になる。」 would be a little limited in use.\n「毎日その人と話して元気になります。」 on the other hand, would be a natural construction,\nbecause you are saying that you actually do it.\n\nI would probably prefer 「私はその人と話すと元気になる。」 for both of the English translations\nyou give, because the use of 「と」 in connecting phrases tends to describe a\nrelationship between the phrases -- not quite a causal relationship, but more\nthan just a coincidental sequence of events that happen, or a habit or custom.\n\n「私はその人と話すと喫茶店に行きます。」 This feels strange because we expect a relationship,\nsomething like 「その人と話す度、喫茶店に行ってしまうのよ！」 And then we want to know why there\nwould be such a connection between speaking to that person and going to a tea\n(or coffee) shop.\n\nAgain, for the same reasons as above, 「私はその人と話して喫茶店に行きます。」 feels like it wants\na 「毎日」: 「毎日その人と話して喫茶店に行きます。」\n\n(afterthought)\n\nIt may be (depending on the speaker, I think) that 「毎日」 or some equivalent can\nbe assumed -- understood by that 以心伝心 thing that is really hard for foreigners\nto grasp.\n\n(end afterthought)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T12:48:36.050",
"id": "49063",
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{
"body": "As for the first group:\n\n> 1. 私はその人と話す **と** 元気になる。Whenever I talk with that person, I feel uplifted.\n> 2. 私はその人と話し **て** 元気になる。I talk to that person and feel uplifted.\n>\n\nA. 私はその人と話す \nB. 元気になる\n\nIn sentence 1, there is a causal relation between A and B, where A is the\ncause and B is the result/effect. In my rough and intuitive understanding, A\nhas the function of a switch or a trigger for B.\n\nIn sentence 2, the relationship between A and B can not be expressed with a\nshort phrase like sentence 1, but A is like a condition or means for B to be\nexecuted smoothly. In my rough and intuitive understanding, A has the function\nof helping B.\n\nSo my attempt is:\n\n> 1. 私はその人と話す **と** 元気になる。\n> * _Whenever/When I talk with that person, I feel uplifted_.\n> * _I talk with that person, so I feel uplifted_.\n> 2. 私はその人と話し **て** 元気になる。\n> * _I feel uplifted by talking with that person_.\n>\n\nAs for your attempt, sentence 1 is perfect and sentence 2 is somewhat correct. \nBefore talking about your attempt for sentence 2, the sentence 2 in Japanese\nis not a perfectly good example, because 私はその人と話す is not so appropriate as the\nmeans of 元気になる compared with like 一晩｛ひとばん｝眠｛ねむ｝る, 運動｛うんどう｝する or 薬｛くすり｝を飲｛の｝む.\nThese are used as:\n\n * 一晩眠って元気になる。 \n * 運動して元気になる。 \n * 薬を飲んで元気になる。\n\nAs for the second group:\n\n> 3. 私はその人と話すと喫茶店に行きます。Whenever I talk to that person, we go to a coffee\n> shop.\n> 4. 私はその人と話して喫茶店に行きます。I talk to that person, and go to a coffee shop.\n>\n\nC: 私はその人と話す \nD: 喫茶店に行きます\n\nFor sentence 3 and 4, you reported that sentence 3 is judged to be wrong in\nyour textbook, but, I think, grammatically there is no problem in it. I also\nthink sentence 4 is not so naturural, though it is grammatically correct.\nHowever, since the relationship between C and D is not so close, they are just\nunnatural.\n\nIf you want to describe the contents like sentence 3 or sentence 4 that I said\ngrammatically correct, it is essential to divide C and D into two separate\nsentences, or to add some proper phrase that makes C and D more closely\nrelated.\n\nAn example of improving sentence 3:\n\n * 私はその人と話をすると **何故か** 喫茶店に **行きたくなる** 。 \n_Whenever I talk to that person, I feel like going to a coffee shop for some\nreason_.\n\nAn example of improving sentence 4:\n\n * 私はその人と話をして **歩くことが体に良いと分かったので、私は歩いて** 喫茶店に行く。 \n_I understand walking is good for the body by talking with that person, so I\nwill walk to a coffee shop_.",
"comment_count": 5,
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| 49062 | 49065 | 49065 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49068",
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"body": "Please watch this [video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Z2KgfmfkAU) first,\nand carefully hear what the teacher said.\n\nWhy does the aikido teacher spell 一 as \"yetch\"? Or I have to clean my ears?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T15:35:42.263",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Why does the aikido teacher spell 一 as \"yetch\"?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "Spell? Where does the teacher spell anything?\n\nPerhaps that's how you hear the pronunciation, but that's definitely not what\nhe's saying. He's emphasizing saying いち (one), but stretching out the first\nsyllable (mora) quite a bit. The second syllable is a voiceless \"i\". If you're\na native English speaker, I can see why you think he's saying \"yiitch\", but\nthat's just your English ear interpreting his exaggerated voicing of \"ichi\".\n\nHis pronunciation is well within acceptable range for the context in which\nhe's speaking. However, if you tried to pronounce it as you seem to be hearing\nit and spoke it that way in regular discourse--that is, if you said \"yich\"\ninstead of \"ichi\"--a native speaker would hear the difference because\ninvariably you'll overdo the production of \"y\" to a point a native Japanese\nwould most likely not duplicate.",
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T16:06:57.890",
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| 49066 | 49068 | 49068 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49086",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 聖夜【せいや】だなんだと繰【く】り返【かえ】す歌【うた】と (song lyric)\n\n(then it goes like: わざとらしくきらめく街【まち】のせいかな )\n\nMore specifically, I cannot decide which character belongs to where in\n\"だなんだと\". Is it the expression なんだ or is it a form of \"なのです\" (even though I\ndidn't know this was possible after a だ).",
"comment_count": 6,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "\"だなんだと\" meaning",
"view_count": 1886
} | [
{
"body": "It should be \"聖夜(せいや)が鳴(な)ったとくり返(かえ)す歌(うた) と\"\n\nIt means \"The song that kept playing during the christmas night\"\n\nwith \"わざとらしくきらめく街(まち)のせいかな\"\n\nIt means \"I blame the song that kept playing during the christmas night and\nthe purposely well-decorated street\"\n\nThe singer wants to express \"why did I fell in love? oh, it's the song and\nstreet's fault.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T20:23:58.437",
"id": "49080",
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{
"body": "It's actually \"何{なん}だ\", and here 何 works as a stand-in for things that you\nwant to avoid mentioning, or that you think are not worth mentioning, by name.\nSo no, it's not a form of \"なのです\".\n\nMore relevantly, we can think of \"XXXだ何{なん}だ\" as a set phrase meaning\nsomething like \"XXX and whatnot\".\n\nThe \"と\" right after it is a quotative/complementizer \"と\", indicating\n\"聖夜{せいや}だなんだ\" is what the song repeats (though the substitution of 何{なん} is by\n_our_ songwriter), and the whole \"聖夜{せいや}だなんだと繰返す{くりかえす}\" is a relative clause\nmodifying \"歌{うた}\".\n\nThus we may translate \"聖夜{せいや}だなんだと繰返す{くりかえす}歌{うた}\" to \"(the) song that keeps\non about it being the Holy Night and all that stuff\". (The \"と\" that comes\nafter it is a conjunction: \"and\")",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T22:46:41.573",
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| 49069 | 49086 | 49086 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49074",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Wakaran or wakaranai? Am I correct in assuming that both terms mean do not\nunderstand or not understanding? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T17:37:34.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49070",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-05T17:56:47.150",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between wakaran or wakaranai?",
"view_count": 6589
} | [
{
"body": "**わからん:**\n\nMeaning: \"I don't understand\" (negative form of わかる)\n\nDerivation: The speaker got lazy. It's a way to shorten the phrase to\nsomething you can say even faster. This form of speaking is most often\nassociated with various dialects (方言).\n\nFormality: This isn't formal. This is technically plain speech.\n\n* * *\n\n**わからない:**\n\nMeaning: \"I don't understand.\" (negation of わかる)\n\nDerivation: Plain form conjugation of わかる。 This follows typical conjugation\nrules, so nothing special here\n\nFormality: Plain form. This isn't formal.\n\n* * *\n\n**Conclusion:**\n\nIn informal situations usage of わからない／わからん is identical. Meaning is identical.\nThe difference is that the speaker got lazy, and did not pronounce the 〜ない\nfully, resulting in 〜ん instead.\n\nPersonally, I reserved the use of わからん for people I had an established\ninformal relationship with. This is because: 1) It's a slurred pronunciation,\nand so it's in my opinion a bit less formal than わからない、but not by much. 2)\nわからん is often associated with 方言 (it isn't), and for most of my working\nrelationships, use of the local dialect was frowned upon, as it was considered\nless formal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T18:02:30.093",
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{
"body": "Wakaran is Hakata-ben, Hakata dialect. People speak like this there. Shiran\n(Shirimasen) \"I don't know\" is also used.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2020-10-27T12:24:33.140",
"id": "82338",
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| 49070 | 49074 | 49074 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49079",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "(The Japanese scientific classification for animals is explained a bit in\n[this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/18551/19206))\n\nThe English term [Carnivora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivora) comes\nfrom [Latin](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/carnivorus#Latin) like most of the\nscientific terminology. It means simply \"meat-eating\". This order can be\ndivided into the suborders\n[Feliformia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliformia) (\"cat-like\") and\n[Caniformia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caniformia) (\"dog-like\").\n\nThe Japanese equivalent for Carnivora is\n[ネコ目{もく}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B3%E7%9B%AE) (also\n[食肉目]{しょくにくもく}), but the only definition for 「ネコ」 that I've heard of is \"cat\".\nネコ is also used in ネコ[亜目]{あもく} (Feliformia), but under the same order there is\nalso イヌ[亜目]{あもく} (Caniformia).\n\nThe question is, why is **ネコ** 目{もく} (lit. cat order) used to classify animals\nsuch as イエ **イヌ** (domestic dog)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T17:53:05.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49072",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-05T21:16:33.953",
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"owner_user_id": "19206",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"animals"
],
"title": "Why is ネコ (cat) used in ネコ目 (Carnivora) while the order also includes the suborder イヌ亜目 (Caniformia)?",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "@A.Ellett in the comments points to the best explanation I've seen so far:\n[this answer to the question,\n「食肉目とネコ目、どっちが正しい言い方ですか？」](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1421537234#a62683567)\n\nUltimately, this use of ネコ in ネコ目【もく】 (literally, \"cat order\") as a label for\norder _Carnivora_ , rather than the previous 食肉目【しょくにくもく】 label (literally,\n\"eats-meat order\") as a direct translation of _Carnivora_ , appears to be a\nmisguided Ministry of Education policy from 1988, which has met with (I\nbelieve understandable) opposition from the Japanese scientific community.\nApparently some Ministry officials thought it made sense to choose a\nrepresentative animal for each of the orders, and use that name in katakana\nfor the order name, choosing katakana possibly out of a concern that the kanji\nwere too difficult. At least some people in the scientific community have\npointed out various concerns with this, including the following four issues\nmentioned in the linked Yahoo! Chiebukuro post:\n\n 1. The clear meanings of the older names in kanji are lost.\n 2. The concept of the order is narrowed (as in your very question: the name of the representative animal obscures and distracts from the many other animals that might be in that order).\n 3. Since the higher-level species categories like \"order\" are broader and are already harder to understand, it is common to use the suffix 類【るい】 (\"type, kind\"). Using the katakana labels makes this more confusing, as these labels can be ambiguous: if we say ネズミ類【るい】, do we mean 齧歯目【げっしもく】 (order _Rodentia_ , which includes lots of things that aren't mice or rats, such as the huge 50kg [capybara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capybara)), or ネズミ科【か】 (family _Muridae_ , which is mostly mice and rats)?\n 4. The new animal-name katakana labels have no connection to the Latin-based order labels used in the rest of the world. ネコ means \"cat\", and has nothing directly to do with \" _carnivora_ \".\n\nPerhaps my favorite bit from the Japanese poster's text:\n\n>\n> また、特定の動物名で表しても混乱しない分類は属名くらいまでであり、目のような大分類を動物名で表すのは本来不可能で混乱の元なのですが、当時の担当者はそれを知らなかったのでしょう。 \n> Even if we use a specific animal's name, the biggest category where this\n> isn't confusing is the genus, and it just isn't possible to represent a\n> category as large as an order with an animal's name, and instead this causes\n> confusion, but I guess the [Ministry of Education] people at the time in\n> charge [of making this change] didn't know this.\n\nCurrently, it seems that both ネコ目【もく】 and 食肉目【しょくにくもく】 are regarded as\n\"correct\" in Japanese educational circles. In scientific circles, 食肉目 may be\npreferable, depending on your audience.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 49072 | 49079 | 49079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49078",
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"body": "Can the honorific o be used in front of all nouns? I was thinking of sentence\nstructures and wondering if o could be placed in front of all nouns. Thank\nyou.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T17:55:21.970",
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"last_edit_date": "2019-02-28T07:45:24.407",
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"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"honorifics",
"prefixes",
"bikago"
],
"title": "Can the honorific o be used in front of all nouns?",
"view_count": 1435
} | [
{
"body": "No. It really depends upon the word. There are some words which typically\ndon't use the honorific 'o' , but can use it. Others would sound strange or be\nplain wrong. Good luck.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T18:49:36.600",
"id": "49076",
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"body": "The Ministry of Education's guidance is (or used to be) that honorific\nprefixes should only be used where their usage was well-established by custom,\nand that as a rule お should be used before Japanese words and ご(御) before\n\"kango\" (Chinese or Chinese-style words). Thus, おさけ and おはし(お箸) but ご主人 and\nご本人. Honorific prefixes shouldn't be used before 外来語 (non-Chinese foreign\nimports). I seem to remember that they particularly disapproved of おビール and\nおコーヒー. But you will hear this rule disregarded ten times (well, maybe twice) a\nday. The best advice is :listen to the usage of native-speakers whose Japanese\nyou are happy to take as a model and follow their example.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T19:50:56.950",
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| 49073 | 49078 | 49078 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Sorry for the bother. I'm in the middle of translating some notes from a\nmusician on their newest album's tracks, and I ran into such a weird looking\nphrase that I don't know what to do with.\n\nHere's the context:\n\nそして、一番最初に歌入れをした **のもなんと** この曲。\n\nThe translation I have for it is pretty weak...right now, it says, \"and so,\nthis piece was somehow the first song we sang (for the album).\"\n\nThe sentences before and after it have seemingly nothing much to do with the\nsentence, though I can post it if asked...I know what した、の、も、なんと means on\ntheir own but all of them strung together like that is making me crazy. I\ncan't find anything on weblio or google, so if anyone can help me, I would\nappreciate it very much!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T18:48:24.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "22830",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of \"...のもなんと\"?",
"view_count": 390
} | [
{
"body": "なんと is a sort of introductory exclamation indicating that the speaker/writer\nexpects the following bit of information to be surprising or impressive to the\nhearer/reader. Here, it means something like \"And the first song I sang was -\nWhaddya know! - this song\" I'd go for \"was none other than this song\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-05T19:35:01.030",
"id": "49077",
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| 49075 | 49077 | 49077 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Hello everyone as the title states I am having difficulty understanding when\nto use the correct particle.\n\nAs an example\n\n> 肉は食べません (I do not eat meat)\n\nand\n\n> やさいを食べます (I eat vegetables)\n\nIs it acceptable to use both wa or o in both these sentences? Wouldn't the\nfirst sentence be more correct if I were to say 私は肉を食べません. The reason I chose\nthese two specific sentences is because I saw them in a book. I can not\nunderstand why in one sentence they used は while in the other they used を even\nthough they have the same basic structure.\n\nThank you for any help you may provide!",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T20:50:40.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "22832",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "The difference between は and を?",
"view_count": 8953
} | [
{
"body": "> > 肉は食べません ( I do not eat meat) and やさいを食べます (I eat vegetables)\n>\n> Is it acceptable to use both wa or o in both these sentences? \n> Wouldnt the first sentence be more correct if i were to say 私は肉を食べません. \n> I can not understand why in one sentence they used は while in the other\n> they used を even though the they have the same basic structure.\n\n**In Japanese, the _subject_ is _not necessarily_ the action maker.** The verb\nforms are made in such a way that we can, most of the time, tell the action\nmaker without it being stated. **は** for us is always to indicate the subject.\nI'd say therefore it's more truly a subject than the English subject. The\nJapanese subject always means the _**theme/topic**_ of the sentence, as the\nname 'subject' suggests.\n\n私は肉を食べません is the word-to-word translation from English, _I don't eat meat._\nBut this is not very natural in Japanese, although there's no problem to say\nthe action maker and say 私 **は** 肉 **は** 食べませんが、魚（さかな） **は** 食べます。\n\n* * *\n\n[Replying to the OP's request below] \nI find お茶は飲みません is the natural one to stand alone.\n\nお茶を飲みません ... I find this expression does need the action maker and say, for\nexample, この人はお茶を飲みません, and この人 suggests it's someone close to the speaker such\nas a family or friend. It sounds nicer than この人はお茶は飲みません.\n\nThinking like this makes me also think that **私は肉を食べません** and **私はお茶を飲みません**\ncan be a well constructed sentence. So nice that we rarely hear it, but indeed\nthese sound nicer than 私は肉は食べません or 私はお茶は飲みません, which tend to sound like\nrefusing an offer or something because of the nature of は to be used for\n**comparison**.",
"comment_count": 8,
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{
"body": "> [野菜]{やさい} **を** 食べます。 vs 野菜 **は** 食べます。\n\n_Grammatically speaking_ , both are correct. They're different in meaning and\nusage.\n\nを is the object marker. 野菜を食べます is usually an unmarked statement to say \"I\neat/someone eats vegetables\". The は can be, roughly speaking, the topic\nparticle (主題の「は」) or the contrastive particle (対比の「は」). For example, you can\nuse them this way:\n\n> 「普段、朝食に何を食べますか？」--「野菜 **を** 食べます。」(not は) \n> \"What do you usually have for breakfast?\" -- \"I have vegetables.\" \n> 「鈴虫は何を食べますか？」--「ナスやキュウリなどの野菜 **を** 食べます。」(not は) \n> \"What do bell crickets eat?\" -- \"They eat vegetables such as aubergine and\n> cucumber.\"\n\nHere, the を marks new information (新情報).\n\n> 「普段、野菜は食べますか？」--「はい、野菜 **は** たくさん食べます。」(not を) \n> \"Do you eat vegetables regularly?\" -- \"Yes, ( _lit._ As for vegetables, I\n> eat a lot. →) I eat a lot of vegetables.\"\n\nThe は is the so-called \"topical/thematic は\". Here, it marks old/known\ninformation (旧情報/既知情報).\n\nは can also be used this way:\n\n> 「野菜 **は** 食べます。でも肉 **は** 食べません。」 \n> \"I eat vegetables. But I don't eat meat.\" \n> 「鈴虫は*、肉 **は** 食べませんが、野菜 **は** 食べます。」 \n> \"Bell crickets don't eat meat, but they eat vegetables.\" \n> *The は in 鈴虫は is a topic marker; there can be only one topical は in a\n> clause. If you see two は's in one clause, at least one of them should be\n> contrastive.\n\nThe は here is the so-called \"contrastive は\". (You could refer to this thread\nfor more about the contrastive は: [What's the difference between wa (は) and ga\n(が)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/9831))\n\n* * *\n\n> 肉 **は** 食べません。 vs 肉 **を** 食べません。\n\nAgain, they're both _grammatically_ correct, and different in meaning and\nusage.\n\nThe は can be topical/thematic:\n\n> 「お肉はよく召し上がりますか？」--「いいえ、肉 **は** まったく食べません。」(not を) \n> \"Do you eat meat often?\" -- \"No, I don't eat meat at all.\"\n\nThe contrastive は is also used to mark or highlight the negated element in a\nsentence:\n\n> 普段、朝食に肉 **は** 食べません。 \n> I usually don't have meat for breakfast (can imply: but I have something\n> else). \n> 普段、朝食に **は** 肉を食べません。 \n> I usually don't have meat for breakfast (can imply: but I do for dinner). \n> 普段 **は** 、朝食に肉を食べません。 \n> I usually don't have meat for breakfast (can imply: but I do today).\n\nHere, the は shows the scope of negation: 肉を* is negated in the first sentence,\nand 朝食に is negated in the second, and so on. \n* When 「XXを」 or 「XXが」 is marked with a は, the は replaces the が or を, as in 「XXは」 rather than 「XXをは」「XXがは」. \nThere usually is some negated element in a negative sentence, and therefore\nyou'll more frequently see a は in a negative sentence.\n\nAs for the example using an を, you'd use it in a context like this:\n\n> 「子どもの好き嫌いが激しくて…。」--「何を食べてくれないんですか？」--「野菜 **を** ぜんぜん食べないんです。」(not は) \n> \"My child is so picky about food...\" -- \"What does s/he not eat?\" -- \"S/he\n> doesn't eat vegetables at all.\" \n> You'd reply with 「～を」「～が」「～に」「～と」「～から」 etc., not 「～は」「～には」「～とは」「～からは」 etc.\n> to questions 「何を」「何が」「どこに」「誰と」 etc., as in: 「何がないんですか？」「消しゴム **が**\n> ないんです。」(not は) / 「誰と連絡がつかないんですか？」「山田さん **と** 連絡がつかないんです。」(not とは）",
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"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T04:49:59.290",
"id": "49127",
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"score": 3
}
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| 49081 | 49127 | 49127 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49083",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What does 「ら」 means in word 「平たいら」 based on word 「平たい」? Word taken from anime\n\"Non non biyori Repeat\" and means the names of Triops (animals): 「ひらたいらさん」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T21:05:44.273",
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"id": "49082",
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"last_editor_user_id": "20440",
"owner_user_id": "20440",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "「ら」 in 「平たいら」meaning",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "平 can be read a few different ways. ひら is a common _kun'yomi_. Another one is\nたいら, more commonly spelled 平ら with the ら as _okurigana_. The たいら reading\nitself derives from prefix た- (as in たやすい) + ひら. The た- prefix is described in\nsome dictionaries as simply 「語調を整える」 (\"adjusts the tone\"), but it might come\nfrom た as the oldest known reading for 手 (\"hand\").\n\nBoth ひら and たいら mean \"flat\". Combining the two into a name ひらたいら could suggest\nsomething very flat. I'm not familiar with the anime _Non non biyori Repeat_ ,\nbut Triops is also known in English as a [\"tadpole\nshrimp\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triops), and this appears to be\n[カブトエビ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%88%E3%82%A8%E3%83%93)\nin standard Japanese. These look a bit like a cross between a [horseshoe\ncrab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_crab) and a shrimp or lobster.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-05T22:15:12.777",
"id": "49083",
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]
| 49082 | 49083 | 49083 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Was wondering if someone here could help me know how to use the word AMARI in\na sentence. And also, the word JUUSHI SURU which means \"to emphasize\". I\ncouldnt find out when to use the word.\n\n> 仕事で人の間違いを重視するあまり仕事が楽しくなくなった。 \n> At work, people focus too much on other's mistakes so work became\n> unenjoyable.\n\nPlease let me know if my japanese grammar is correct, if not please correct me",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T05:41:26.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49087",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T08:06:15.530",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-06T07:11:06.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "22834",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"expressions",
"english-to-japanese",
"learning",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "How to use the word ''Amari'' and \"Juushi suru\" in a sentence",
"view_count": 1230
} | [
{
"body": "> 仕事で人の間違いを重視するあまり仕事が楽しくなくなった。 (At work, people focus too much on other's\n> mistakes so work became unenjoyable.)\n\nI think your interpretation in English is correct.\n\nAs for \" **あまり** \", I'll show you how it works by using the given phrase.\n\n> 1. 仕事で人の間違いを重視する **ので** 仕事が楽しくなくなった。 \n> _At work, people attach importance to other's mistakes, **so** work became\n> unenjoyable_.\n> 2. 仕事で人の間違いを重視する **あまり** 仕事が楽しくなくなった。 \n> _At work, people attach **too much** importance to other's mistakes, **so**\n> work became unenjoyable_.\n>\n\nIn other words, sentence 2 could be interpreted as:\n\n * 仕事で人の間違いを **あまりにも** 重視する **ので** 仕事が楽しくなくなった。 \n * 仕事で人の間違いを **過剰｛かじょう｝に** 重視する **ので** 仕事が楽しくなくなった。\n\nYou can find a lot of examples [here](http://j-nihongo.com/amari/) using あまり\nin the same meaning as the given phrase.\n\nAs for \" **重視｛じゅうし｝する** \", it is defined like: _to take something seriously_ ;\n_to attach importance_.\n\nThere is a maxim in Japanese that is somewhat similar in meaning to the phrase\nyou showed.\n\n> **過｛す｝ぎたるは猶｛なお｝及｛およ｝ばざるが如｛ごと｝し** \n> If I rewrite it in simple Japanese, it will be like: \n> 多｛おお｝過｛す｝ぎることは足｛た｝らないことと同｛おな｝じようなものだ。\n\nThe maxim is interpreted in English like:\n\n * _less is more_\n * _the last drop makes the cup run over_\n * _too much of a good thing_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T06:37:11.100",
"id": "49088",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T07:02:36.827",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-06T07:02:36.827",
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
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},
{
"body": "あまり means \"so ～ (that ～)\", \"too much\", \"overly\" etc. You can use あまり in\nmultiple ways.\n\n 1. `noun + の + あまり`\n\n> 驚きのあまり、喋れなくなった。\n\nThis あまり is a noun, but forms an adverbial expression just as \"～の場合\", \"～の時\",\n\"～の中\" or similar expressions do.\n\n 2. `dictionary-form + あまり`, `ta-form + あまり`\n\n> 驚くあまり、喋れなくなった。 \n> 驚いたあまり、喋れなくなった。\n\n 3. `あまり + に + verb/adjective + て/ので/ため/etc`\n\n> あまりに驚いて、喋れなくなった。 \n> あまりに驚いたので、喋れなくなった。\n\n(Occasionally this に is dropped)\n\nThese five Japanese sentences roughly mean the same thing: \"I was **so**\nsurprised that I was at a loss for words\" or \"I was **too** surprised to say\nsomething.\"\n\nあまり in negative sentences is usually translated as \"not very ～\", \"not really\n～\", etc. See: [What is the meaning of あまり in this\ndialogue?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39617/5010)\n\nReferences:\n\n * [あまり meaning \"too much\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1866/5010)\n * [Learn JLPT N3 Grammar: あまり (amari)](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n3-grammar-%E3%81%82%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A-amari/)\n * [JGram 余り](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=amari) / [JGram の余り](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=noamari) / [JGram 余り～ない](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=amari-2)\n\n* * *\n\n重視する is a simple suru-verb that just means \"to focus on something\", \"to weigh\nsomething heavily\". [Tons of examples on\nALC](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%96%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-06T07:35:30.970",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "49087",
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| 49087 | null | 49089 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49092",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Due to some circumstances a guy brings a girl to a hotel in order to loose\nsome pursuers. In there they get swept away by the situation and end up doing\nsome foreplay. The girl ends up fainting halfway and after she wakes up they\nleave the hotel and the guy apologized for getting carried away. Then the girl\nresponds with this (the 3 hours below is the time she lost consciousness)\n\nWhat I don't understand how the なきゃ used in this situation\n\n３時間だっけ？ アタシが寝てるあいだ、なにもしなかったんだろ？」\n\n「無抵抗のときはなにもしなかった。 アタシがブッ飛ばしていい状況でなきゃ変なこと しなかった」\n\n「この点を誠意と受け取っておいてやる。 あやまらなくていい」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T08:39:29.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49090",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T09:28:42.010",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-06T09:28:42.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "16352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"contractions"
],
"title": "What does なきゃ mean in this situation?",
"view_count": 180
} | [
{
"body": "なきゃ is one of the countless casual abbreviations that can be used for saying\nしなければならない。Which basically mean \"have to do\" or more directly \"It is not\nacceptable to not do ...\".\n\nIn your sentence, I believe that what was said is something like.\n\n> I didn't do anything weird while you were unconscious that would require you\n> to kick my *** as retribution.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T09:05:50.517",
"id": "49092",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T09:05:50.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "49090",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 49090 | 49092 | 49092 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49093",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "練習してうまく話したり、書いたりすることができる **ように** なりたいです\n\nI usually would interprete ように like that: \"to reach A, I do B\"\n\nHere I'm a bit confused because the verb なる follows the ように clause. \"To reach\nA, I wish to become.\"\n\nObviously this doesnt work. So are there any omitted phrases I'm missing or is\nように in a different function here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T08:58:40.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49091",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T09:14:20.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How does ように work in this sentence?",
"view_count": 99
} | [
{
"body": "My easy way to interpret it is this. \nように means similar to X. \nIn your case, it is referring to the situation where you can talk and write\nwell. So you want your current situation to become similar to the situation\nwhere you would be proficient in in talking and writing.\n\nIt has a slightly more broad meaning than just using なる by it self.\n\nFor example, you could use なる for saying I want to become a soccer player. \nBut you would use ようになりたい for saying I want to become able to play soccer.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T09:14:20.130",
"id": "49093",
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
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]
| 49091 | 49093 | 49093 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49097",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Kaze ga furu and Ame ga furu. The wind is blowing and the rain is falling. Are\nthe two sentences written correctly? TYVM.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T10:56:04.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49095",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T16:26:20.857",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-06T11:38:44.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "Furu meaning in sentences",
"view_count": 1179
} | [
{
"body": "Perhaps you mistook _fuku_ for _furu_ about the wind?\n\nUsually, it is _fuku_ (吹く) for wind and _furu_ (降る) for rain.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T11:05:35.187",
"id": "49097",
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"owner_user_id": "18142",
"parent_id": "49095",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
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| 49095 | 49097 | 49097 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49124",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 私は何をすれば？\n\nI thought that すれば only stood for the conditional form, how come does it bear\nthe same meaning as すればいい ?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T12:09:27.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49098",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T03:40:33.437",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "20501",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference betweenすればいい and すれば",
"view_count": 756
} | [
{
"body": "> 私は何をすれば？\n\nIn speech, this is a perfectly valid question, and semantically it means\nexactly the same thing as \"私は何をすればいい((の)ですか)?\" The last part is omitted\nbecause it's obvious.\n\nTo make the first sentence sound valid and natural, all you have to do is use\nthe rising intonation at the end of the sentence to indicate it's a question.\nMaybe this could sound slightly blunt, cold or business-like if said in a non-\nurgent situation. But this would largely depend on how the character usually\nspeaks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T03:08:44.847",
"id": "49124",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 49098 | 49124 | 49124 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49101",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Reading manga, I came across this speech bubble:\n\n\n\nI noticed the dakuten in ず is on the wrong side of the horizontal line, does\nthis have some special meaning or is it just some sort of printing error? I\nwent back to check earlier chapters and none of the other ず seem to be written\nthis way.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T13:04:34.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49099",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-10T14:51:45.917",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T09:46:34.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "622",
"owner_user_id": "21932",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage",
"manga",
"typesetting"
],
"title": "Weird usage of dakuten",
"view_count": 1103
} | [
{
"body": "> Does this have some special meaning?\n\nNo. I've never encountered a dakuten with a special meaning.\n\n> ... or is it just some sort of printing error?\n\nA printing error in this case is unlikely. I think that it has to do with the\nfont that they are using. Just as with English fonts, some characters change\nslightly, like with the lowercase 'a' in English. For example, the font on my\ncomputer puts the dakuten underneath the line on your question. (shown below)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4R8G6.png)\n\n* * *\n\nThen, I changed the font, and I got a different result:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZfUnB.png)\n\n* * *\n\nThe moral of the story is you're noticing different font styles! For further\ninformation on why the font styles differ, look at the other answer.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T13:27:12.417",
"id": "49101",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-10T14:51:45.917",
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"owner_user_id": "22352",
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},
{
"body": "It depends on the type of font.\n\nBasically Japanese fonts need to be used in vertical writing and horizontal\nwriting, so unlike the alphabet, the space to design one character must be\nsquare.\n\nWhen I check the given font, it is a very thick bold type. In order to arrange\nall of the design of a character ず in a square space given to a single\ncharacter font, the designer of the font devised and changed the position of\n_dakuten_ of ず.\n\nThis kind of change occurs generally for special font types. You can change\nthe location of parts of a font especially _dakuten_ and _handakuten_ as far\nas you can identify them",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T14:18:04.057",
"id": "49105",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T03:33:30.763",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T03:33:30.763",
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"owner_user_id": "20624",
"parent_id": "49099",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 49099 | 49101 | 49101 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was looking to some examples of the use of 人 and I found this one in\nJisho.org\n\n[http://jisho.org/search/人](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BA%BA)\n\n> ２００人{にん}の人{ひと}が昨年コレラで死んだ。 \n> Two hundred people died of cholera last year.\n\nWith furigana for the first case にん and for the second ひと. So I was trying to\nguess why is the kanji repeated and I thought that probably it was due to the\nneed to indicate what were you counting. But then, wasn't supposed that ～ニン\nimplies that you are counting people?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T13:41:30.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49102",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T19:10:22.897",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-06T13:43:26.177",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "22838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"counters",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Doesn't ～ニン（人）as a suffix imply that it is a counter of people",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, 人【にん】 is a counter \"agrees\" with _person_ , but no, it cannot play the\nrole of a noun. Counters only makes a number able to modify a noun, but\ngrammar prohibits it from having noun meaning. Thus, if you want to tell \"two\nhundred people\" you always have to say 200人【にん】の人【ひと】. It however doesn't mean\nthe noun is not omissible.\n\n> 村には **500人の人** が住んでいたが、 **200人** が昨年コレラで死んだ。 \n> _There had been **five hundred people** in the village, but **two hundred**\n> died of cholera last year._\n\nThis basically explains the nuance of using counter phrase alone.\n\nPS \nAnalogy in English...\n\n> (??) I'd like to live a happy one. \n> I'd like to live a happy life. \n> If I could choose how my life would be, I'd like to live a happy one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T14:17:55.687",
"id": "49104",
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},
{
"body": "Think of it this way: the noun 人{ひと} could be replaced with another noun,\nwhich may or may not have 人 in it.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 米国の大使館の前に100人のアメリカ人が集まってきた。 \n> 今年のコンファレンスに1万人の技術者が来た。 \n> ファン50人が乗ったバスが出発しました。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T18:04:52.260",
"id": "49115",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T18:04:52.260",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9508",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 49102 | null | 49104 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49129",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the following sentence:\n\n> 僕が何を怖がるっていうんだ？\n\nwhich was translated as \"What am I supposed to be frightened of?\"\n\nI know that the first part means \"what am I afraid of?\"\n\nI just can't see how adding that っていうんだ could change the meaning in that way.\n\nI'm assuming that it's the same as というんだ but I still can't figure out how it\naffects the meaning of the sentence.\n\nCould it be a mistranslation on the author's part?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T16:27:00.947",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49111",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-02T23:39:35.673",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-24T02:16:25.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "17779",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"rhetorical-questions"
],
"title": "Ｗhat does っていうんだ mean?",
"view_count": 1582
} | [
{
"body": "You are right on assuming っていうんだ is the same as というんだ.\n\nというんだ is basically saying somebody is saying the part before と in the\nquestioning form. That idea expressed before と is somebody else's, so isn't it\na good idea to question it with \"be supposed to\"? (Maybe it can be a self\nquestioning, but I have no idea without the context.)\n\nIt's literally like \"What are/is they/he/she/you saying I'm (going to) afraid\nof?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T05:02:06.470",
"id": "49128",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T05:08:25.223",
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{
"body": "> 僕が何を怖がる **っていうんだ？**\n\nIt's a rhetorical question (修辞疑問文/反語表現). It's not really a normal _question_\nthat asks for an answer/reply. It means/implies \"What would I be afraid of? --\nNo, I would be afraid of nothing!\"\n\nExamples:\n\n> * 誰が知っているというのか。 \n> \"Who knows? (Nobody knows.)\"\n> * どうすれば忘れられるというのか。 \n> \"How could I forget? (I could never forget.)\"\n> * それがどうしたっていうんだ。* \n> \"What would it matter? (It doesn't matter!)\"\n> * やつらが金以外のなにを欲しがるというんだ？* \n> \"What do they care for but money? (They only care for money!)\"\n>\n\nThe latter two examples are taken from\n[Weblio例文辞典](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%82%93%E3%81%A0%22).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T05:34:42.447",
"id": "49129",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 49111 | 49129 | 49129 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49121",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Recently, I posted content concerning questions and answers from this website\nto another without providing proper attribution to the posters and commenters.\nI want to say that I am sorry, but also convey a deeper sense of apology. Are\nthere additional words or phrases that can be used to express a deeper\nremorse? Thank you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T17:39:32.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49114",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-06T22:40:43.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "ごめんなさい How do I say that I am sorry in a deeply apologetic manner?",
"view_count": 253
} | [
{
"body": "A standard formal apology would be 申し訳ありません, which can be made more formal as\n申し訳ございません. For an extremely formal apology (for example, a CEO making a public\napology for their company's misconduct), お詫び申し上げます might be good. Optionally,\nyou could say 心より or 誠に before either of them.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T22:40:43.633",
"id": "49121",
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"owner_user_id": "9971",
"parent_id": "49114",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 49114 | 49121 | 49121 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49122",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I mistakenly typed the statement with a question mark. It was actually written\nwith an exclamation point. ねぇ、ちゃっと寄ってかない! I am thinking that the phrase should\nbe ended with a ka or no, and be phrased as a question. Apparently, the\nsentence can be written both as a statement and as a question.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T18:54:49.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49117",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -5,
"tags": [
"syntax"
],
"title": "ねぇ、ちゃっと寄ってかない! Is the sentence written correctly?",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "> ねぇ、ちゃっと寄ってかない？ Is the sentence written correctly?\n\nIf you mean \"just a little\" \"just a moment\" or \"for a little while\" by the\nちゃっと, then it should be a typo for ちょっと, as in: ねぇ、ちょっと寄ってかない？\n\nIf you mean \"a chat room\" by the ちゃっと, then it's _usually_ written in\nKatanaka, as in: ねぇ、チャット(に)寄ってかない？\n\n> Should this phrase be ended with ka or no, as a question?\n\nNo, as pointed out in the comments, you don't need a か or の in a question,\nespecially in casual conversation.\n\n寄ってかないか？ would make sense too. It would sound masculine and maybe a bit blunt.\n\n寄ってかないの？ has a nuance that the speaker is/was expecting the hearer to drop by\nsomewhere, like \"Oh, so you won't drop by (although I thought you would)?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T00:28:51.433",
"id": "49122",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "49117",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 49117 | 49122 | 49122 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49123",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I want to say \"Is later okay?\" Is there a specific difference between the two\nterms? A friend of mine routinely uses the first term, I have been using the\nsecond term. TY.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T19:25:51.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49118",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T12:56:01.937",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T12:18:16.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "18435",
"owner_user_id": "18435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the difference between のちがいい and あとがいい？",
"view_count": 377
} | [
{
"body": "If you're trying to say:\n\n> Can we do it later?\n\nor\n\n> Can this wait until a later date?\n\nYou will want to say:\n\n> 後でいいでしょうか？\n\nThis is a polite way to say it, and one of the more agreeable ways to say it\ntoo.\n\n* * *\n\nNOTE:\n\nのち uses the [same kanji](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%BE%8C%20%23kanji) as あと\n(後). You will want to look up this grammar structure in understanding how it\nis used.\n\nFor the time being, [this page](http://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-\njlpt-n4-grammar-%E3%81%82%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A7-ato-de/) should be more than\nenough for studying use of あとで。 のち is not as common, and beginners should be\nable to get through most conversations without knowing about it. (It's still\nimportant to know and understand though!)\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:**\n\nWithe the help of _A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar_ by Makino and\nTsutsui, I came up with the following. (paraphrased in my words)\n\nThe most common construction using the のち(に) grammar is as follows:\n\n * Verb(informal)-Past + のち(に)\n\n> 東京｛とうきょう｝に引｛ひ｝っ越｛こ｝したのち、母｛はは｝がワンちゃんを買｛か｝ったそうだ。\n>\n> I heard that after I moved to Tokyo, my mother bought a puppy.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T20:33:45.960",
"id": "49119",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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{
"body": "I think you can say\n\n> 後{あと}でもいいですか\n\nwhich is similar to asking for permission using\n\n> **Vて** も いいですか (Is it okay to **V**?)\n\nwhere Vて is a verb in て-form",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-06T21:56:50.160",
"id": "49120",
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{
"body": "If you want to ask \"Can I do it later (even though you want me to do it now)?\"\nby \"Is later okay?\", you need ～ **で** いい?\n\n～ **が** いい and ～ **で** いい are critically different in Japanese.\n\n * [What is the difference between それでいい and それがいい here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17851/5010)\n\n～がいい implies it's the ideal first choice, whereas ～でいい implies it's acceptable\nbut not an ideal one.\n\nあと **が** いい? means \"Do you rather want to me to do it later?\" (i.e., \"You\ndon't want me to do it now, right?\")\n\nYou can use an _optional_ time marker で after あと. Don't confuse this で with\nthe で described above.\n\nTherefore:\n\n> * あとがいい? = あとでがいい? = Do you (rather) want me to do it later?\n> * あとでいい? = あとででいい? = Can I do it later?\n>\n\nのち is not usually followed by で/が.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T02:47:43.753",
"id": "49123",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 49118 | 49123 | 49123 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49126",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's kindof silly, but my understanding of カンニング is that it has a negative\nconnotation, particularly cheating/plagiarism. I understand it to mean that a\nカンニングペーパー is something used to cheat (not allowed). Am I wrong for\nunderstanding it this way?\n\nI ask because, cheat-sheet in English does not carry a negative connotation,\neven though the 'cheat' in cheat-sheet actually comes from the verb 'cheat'\n(i.e. break the rules). In English cheat-sheets are typically something that a\nteacher/professor allows the student to have.\n\nBecause of this subtle difference between my understanding of カンニングペーパー and\n'cheat-sheet,' I feel the need to ask if this is really a good translation.\nSo, is it a good translation? Is there a better translation for the cheat-\nsheet I just described above?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T03:26:37.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49125",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T03:47:40.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "19206",
"owner_user_id": "22352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Is カンニングペーパー a good translation for 'cheat-sheet'?",
"view_count": 462
} | [
{
"body": "チートシート has already become a widely-accepted term among professional IT\nworkers. For example, there is a\n[Gitチートシート](http://qiita.com/ktarow/items/1d8c8ae698a88b1d6f0f).\n\n操作早見表【そうさはやみひょう】 and 早【はや】わかりシート are mainly used in product documentations for\nordinary people. Telephones 20 years ago had no LCDs but had large 早見表\ninstead.\n\n一覧表 is another safe and neutral word usable in most cases, although it may not\nsound as \"cool\" as チートシート.\n\nカンニングペーパー does have a negative connotation, and is never acceptable in\nexaminations. (The correct spelling is カンニング, not カニング.) If there is no risk\nof misunderstanding, カンニングペーパー is occasionally used in the sense of cheat-\nsheet. Palm cards used when making an oral presentation is sometimes (half-\njokingly) called カンニングペーパー, too.\n\nThe etymology of カンニング is the English word _cunning_ but with a meaning much\ncloser to _cheating_ (like cheating on a test) rather an a type of wisdom at\ntrading. It's a 和製英語 term.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T04:03:51.547",
"id": "49126",
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"score": 9
}
]
| 49125 | 49126 | 49126 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49136",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "今日一日だけで、人類は新たに二十五万人をこの地球という惑星に加えている。そしてそれは毎日繰り返されている。現状では、毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている\n_______ 。\n\n1.わけだ 2.ものだ\n\nThe answer is 1.わけだ\n\nBut I think the last phrase is a statement of fact, which fits ものだ's usage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T07:59:22.060",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T08:10:38.037",
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"owner_user_id": "15803",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why should I use わけだ and not ものだ in this sentence?",
"view_count": 673
} | [
{
"body": "Whether it is a statement of fact or not doesn't factor into it. What matters\nis the speaker's attitude about the facts, or \"mood\".\n\nものだ is used to express a mood of \"common sense\": naturally, it's the case\nthat… of course, one would expect that… as everyone knows, it's the case that…\n(E.g. 学生は勉強するものだ → _naturally/of course_ , to be a student means studying).\n\nわけだ is used to express a mood of \"this implies that\", \"to put it another way\":\nfrom this, it follows that… as a consequence, it's the case that… to put in\nother words, this means… (E.g. 大学４年生です → それじゃあ、来年はもう社会人になるわけだ).\n\nIn your example, it's: The Earth's population increases by 250000 people every\nday. _This means that it's / To put it another way, it's like_ (=わけだ) growing\na Germany's worth of people per day.\n\n(Source and examples:\n[chiebukuro](https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1219885877).)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T10:33:01.660",
"id": "49133",
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{
"body": "ものだ for \"cold fact\" is used like this:\n\n> * 人間はいつか必ず死ぬものだ。\n> * 親が知らない間に、子どもは大人になっていくものだ。\n> * パソコンは、5年も使えば壊れてしまうものだ。\n> * 好きな人と一緒にいると、時間があっと言う間にすぎるものだ。\n>\n\n(Some of these were taken from [this page](http://j-nihongo.com/monoda/))\n\n～ものだ is used to show an unavoidable, uncontrollable fact everyone should be\naware of. Whether you like it or not, the speaker believes it's the truth of\nthis world. That's why the same construction also [expresses an\nobligation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17708/5010).\n\nBut \"毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている\" is not really a piece of information of which\neveryone should be aware. It's no more than his own catchy way of explaining\nthe aforementioned information. In addition, by using 現状では and ～ている, he\nindicates it's a \"temporary\" fact. In such a case, ものだ is not appropriate.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T11:08:36.347",
"id": "49136",
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{
"body": ">\n> 今日一日だけで、人類は新たに二十五万人をこの地球という惑星に加えている。そしてそれは毎日繰り返されている。現状では、毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている\n> ____ 。\n\nAt first, \"現状では、毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている **ものだ** 。\" is unnatural. The reason is\nanswered in naruto's and Ieoboiko's answer. If you want to change the sentence\ninto natural one using ものだ, you have to add some phrase to make the sentence\nan undoubted fact like: 現状では、毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている **というのは理解できない** ものだ。\n\nAs for \"わけだ\", let's examine its suitability considering its meaning. If you\nextract the main meaning from each given sentence, they would become like:\n\nA: 今日一日だけで、人類は新たに二十五万人をこの地球という惑星に加えている。--> 一日で、新たに二十五万人を加えている。-->\n一日で二十五万人が増えている。 **_More than 250,000 people are increasing in a day_**.\n\nB: 現状では、毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている --> 毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている **_Every year, the\nsame number of people as Germany's total population is increasing._**\n\n250 thousand/day (A) x 365 = 91.25 million/year ≑ Germany's total population\n(81.41 million in 2015) (B)\n\n**わけ** (訳 in _kanji_ ) in わけだ means: _conclusion from reasoning, judgement or\ncalculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning;\ncircumstances; situations_\n\nThe context of the given sentences would be as a whole like: \n3. A is equivalent to B.\n\nわけだ could reasonably combine sentence A and B into one sentence compatible to\nsentence 3.\n\nCombined possible expressions are as follows:\n\n * ＡはＢの訳｛わけ｝だ。 _A is the reason of B_.\n * ＡはＢになる訳｛わけ｝だ。 _A is the reason to become B_. \n\nIf you rewrite it perfectly, it will be like:\n\n> 今日一日だけで、人類は新たに二十五万人をこの地球という惑星に加えている。そしてそれは毎日繰り返されている。 **結果｛けっか｝として、**\n> 現状では、毎年ドイツの全人口と同じだけの人間が増えている **訳｛わけ｝だ** or **理屈｛りくつ｝だ** 。\n\n.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-07-07T13:57:12.547",
"id": "49137",
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}
]
| 49130 | 49136 | 49136 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49132",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 鈴木はその場で目をつぶり、気を _______ のか、ゆっくりと大きく息をついた。\n\n1 静めようとした\n\n2 静めようとしている *\n\n3 静めるようにしている\n\n4 静めるようにした\n\n1) I'm very confused about ようとする and ようにする. I do understand they have\ndifferent nuance in meaning, but I still can't differentiate them, for example\nin the above question.\n\n2) What is the meaning of \"のか\" in this question?\n\n3) Why do they choose the ている form? I thought it was an event in the past,\nbecause of the ついた at the end.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T08:44:24.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49131",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-09T06:31:36.407",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference in meaning between ようとする and ようにする？Meaning of のか in this question?",
"view_count": 7667
} | [
{
"body": "> 1) I'm very confused about ようとする and ようにする. I do understand they have\n> different nuance in meaning, but I still can't differentiate them, for\n> example in the above question.\n\nよう in (静め)ようとする is the [volitional auxiliary\nよう](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226119/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86/). \nIt attaches to the imperfective form (未然形) of a verb. (「静め」 is 未然形)\n\nように in (静める)ようにする is the 連用形 of the [比況/例示 auxiliary\nようだ(様だ)](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226613/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0/). \nIt attaches to the attributive form (連体形) of a verb. (「静める」 is 連体形)\n\nBasically, ～ようとする means \"try to do~~\", and ～ようにする means \"make sure that~~\".\nFor example:\n\n> 宿題を **しようとしました** 。I tried to do my homework. \n> 毎日宿題を **するようにしました** 。I made sure that I do my homework every day.\n\nFor more examples, please see this thread: [Understand the difference between\n[dictionary/ない ＋ ようとする] and [volitional ＋\nにする]](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33068/9831)\n\n> 2) What is the meaning of \"のか\" in this question?\n\nIt means \"as if\". 「気を静めようとしているのか、」\"as if trying to calm down,\" \n(The の is a nominalizer and the か is a question particle.)\n\n> 3) Why do they choose the ている form? I thought it was an event in the past,\n> because of the ついた at the end.\n\nThe tense of a Japanese verb is relative to the time when the main action\ntakes place. Here, the main action is ついた at the end, and it's the past tense\nform, but regardless of the tense of the main verb you use している, not していた,\nsince ようとしている occurred at the same time as ついた, not before ついた.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T10:26:47.987",
"id": "49132",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-09T06:31:36.407",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-09T06:31:36.407",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "49131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "You have two different よう here:\n\n 1. The verb suffix よう, added to the continuative stem of the verb 静める, \"quieten\" or \"calm\" [transitive verb] making the tentative form (also called the volitional form) 静めよう. The tentative form + とする means \"be about to do\", \"be on the point of doing\", \"make as if to do\", \"try to do\". \n気を静めようとした means \"tried to calm himself\" (action begun and completed in the\npast). 気を静めようとしている is a continuative or progressive form, referring to an\naction begun but not yet completed, i.e. continuing, at the time being spoken\nof. Within a sentence, this form is uncommitted as to tense, and the\ncorresponding verb _in an English translation_ will match its tense to that of\nthe sentence's main verb. Here that doesn't matter, because the English\ntranslation in this case will also be uncommitted as to tense. のか makes a\nquestion, so 気を静めようとしているのか standing alone would mean \"is [Suzuki] trying to\ncalm his feelings?\" Embedded within a larger sentence the sense is \"as though\nhe were trying to calm his feelings\". So the whole sentence, inserting\n静めようとしている, means \"Thereupon Suzuki closed his eyes and took a deep breath, as\nthough trying to calm himself/soothe his spirit.\"\n\n 2. ようにする following the dictionary form of a verb means \"act in such a way as to do [whatever the verb means]\" or more idiomatically \"make it a practice to do\", \"make a point of doing\". E.g. 毎日５キロ歩くようにしている, \"I make a point of walking 5 kilometres a day\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T11:08:15.783",
"id": "49135",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T13:50:14.267",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-07T13:50:14.267",
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"owner_user_id": "20069",
"parent_id": "49131",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 49131 | 49132 | 49132 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49141",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 近所のひとにカラオケに **行こう** と誘われました。\n\nI can easily understand what this sentence wants to tell me, but I don't\nreally understand why intentional form is used here. I usually would just use\nplain form いく.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T16:21:30.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49138",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-10T15:42:44.670",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-10T15:42:44.670",
"last_editor_user_id": "10859",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Why is intentional form used in 「カラオケに行こうと誘われました」?",
"view_count": 500
} | [
{
"body": "You should parse it this way:\n\n> 近所のひとに『カラオケに行こう』と誘われました。\n\n( _lit._ ) I was invited by my neighbor, (saying) \"Let's go to Karaoke.\" \n⇒ My neighbor invited me out to Karaoke. / suggested we go to Karaoke.\n\n* * *\n\n> I usually would just use plain form いく.\n\nYou could rephrase the sentence as:\n\n> 近所のひとにカラオケに誘われました。\n\nI was invited to Karaoke by my neighbor. \n⇒ My neighbor invited me out to Karaoke.\n\n... but I can't think of a natural way to rephrase it using the plain form いく.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T16:46:06.567",
"id": "49140",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-09T06:59:27.483",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-09T06:59:27.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "49138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "The form with _-ō_ isn't just for intentions (the intentional mood). It's also\nfor invitations, i.e. an encouragement to do something together (the\n**cohortative mood** , like English \"let's\").\n\nTo understand the sentence, first we have to consider that the clause before と\nis a quotative argument. Xと誘われました means \"I was invited to 'X'\", where I put\nquotes around 'X' to emphasize how the particle と works; it takes complete\nsentences and treat them as quotations. That isn't done as often in English,\nbut the structure is parallel to: \"A neighbor invited me, like, 'let's go to\nthe karaoke!'.\" – except in Japanese it doesn't sound casual or slangy; it's\njust a normal, unmarked way of expressing the idea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T16:48:11.217",
"id": "49141",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-07T16:48:11.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "622",
"parent_id": "49138",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 49138 | 49141 | 49140 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "49176",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is 失礼 used here? And what function does に take?\n\n> カラオケはあまり好きじゃありません。失礼の内容に断ってください。\n\nFirst, I have no idea how the meaning „impoliteness“ should fit into this,\nwith which jisho.org provides me <http://jisho.org/search/shitsurei> \nSecond, the “excuse” meaning was till now always connected to the verb suru\n„失礼します“. \nThird, I don’t know how to meaningfully connect the phrase „失礼の内容“ to the verb\n„断る“ via the particle に. It makes little to no sense in my opinion should 断る\ntake the meaning of „refuse“. \n„To inform“ could work, but I can’t remember that I would ever have seen the\nparticle に used in this way in such a context. Maybe „please inform (him/her)\nin the impolite details“ ? \nI don’t know, I can’t beat sense into it. \nI think I know what the sentence wants to tell me, but I can’t properly\ntranslate the sentence and therefore have no idea whether my vague\ninterpretation is correct or not…",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-07T16:33:15.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "49139",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-11T03:21:13.583",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-08T06:29:20.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "20172",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"semantics"
],
"title": "Problems with the function of に and the meaning of 失礼",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "As pointed out in the comments section, the ないように in your sentence means 無い様に,\nnot 内容に.\n\n> カラオケはあまり好きじゃありません。失礼の **ないように** 断ってください。\n\n\"You don't really like Karaoke. ( _lit._ Please turn down the invitation in\nsuch a way that there won't be rudeness/impoliteness ⇒) Please turn down the\ninvitation in such a way that you won't sound rude/impolite.\"\n\n～のないように (＝ ～の(orが)無い様に) consists of: particle の + i-adjective ない + auxiliary\nようだ (ように is its continuative form/連用形), and means \"so that there won't be...\"\n\"in such a way that there won't be...\" The 失礼 is a noun here.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2017-07-08T06:40:20.123",
"id": "49176",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-11T03:21:13.583",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-11T03:21:13.583",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "49139",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 49139 | 49176 | 49176 |
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