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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

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[ { "body": "Maybe you could use something like 「このゴミ、捨てよっか」 _Guess I'll throw this trash\nout._ Not exactly \"I'd rather not do it\" but \"There's nothing better so I\nguess I'll do that\". This isn't a very formal saying either.\n\nYou could also say 「このゴミを捨てなきゃ」or more politely 「このゴミを捨てなければ。。。」which is more\nabout \"I'd rather not\" but need to or have too.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-19T10:55:26.467", "id": "86225", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-19T10:55:26.467", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43410", "parent_id": "86222", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I'd say 仕方ないなー. It literally means \"There's no way to do it\". So like, \"I\nguess I have no choice/no other way around this.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T08:30:50.373", "id": "86245", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T08:30:50.373", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "86222", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "* ほど means \"to the point where ～\", \"enough to ～\". In this context, it refers to the previous line.\n * 表に出す means \"to publicize\" or \"to show something in public\". 表に出してはならぬような声 is \"the voice that must not be heard in the public\", and it should refer to that \"Fuwaa\".\n * Check the [difference between 気になる and 気にする](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28425/5010). The subject of 気にならぬ is the subordinate.\n\n> まったくですな。公方さまの、表に出してはならぬような声も気にならぬほどで。\n>\n> Indeed. (The hot spring is so good to the point where) even that [laid-back]\n> voice of yours that must not be heard in public is not going to disturb me.\n\nSo this is a rather harsh and sarcastic remark on that \"Fuwaa\". The\nsubordinate thought it lacked dignity and should not be said when someone is\naround. I imagine this subordinate is a rather blunt type.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T00:22:12.003", "id": "86234", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T00:37:16.120", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-20T00:37:16.120", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86226", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "### Origins\n\nModern Japanese 十 read as じゅう comes from older Classical Japanese じふ,\noriginally read as //d͡ʑipu//, in turn from Middle Chinese //d͡ʑiɪp̚//.\n\n * The basic shift was for the //p// sound in //d͡ʑipu// to lenite (soften) into more like an //f// sound (specifically [[ɸ]], a bilabial, unlike the English [[f]] that is a labiodental). Then, the medial (mid-word) //f// sounds in Japanese underwent further lenition to disappear before everything but //a//. Lastly, the //iu// diphthong (two-vowel sound) flattened out into a //juː//, with the initial //j// here (like an English consontant-y \"y\") basically absorbed by the preceding front-of-the-mouth consonant //d͡ʑ//, resulting in modern じゅう. \n//d͡ʑipu// → //d͡ʑifu// → //d͡ʑiu// → //d͡ʑuː// \nじぷ → じふ → じう → じゅう \n_(The kana are not necessarily the actual spellings used, and are instead just\nmeant to represent the pronunciations.)_\n\n### Sound shift\n\nThere is a small number of kanji readings where the final //p// in Middle\nChinese transforms oddly into a final つ. 十 is one such term, and 立 is another.\nThis sound shift gave rise to the alternative _on'yomi_ for 十 that we\nsometimes run into: じつ. This is a less-common reading, but it does crop up,\nseen in the 促音【そくおん】 or gemination that it causes.\n\nThis reading also appears in various terms, including but not limited to:\n\n * 十戒【じっかい】 (the Ten Admonishments in Buddhism, also used for the Ten Commandments in the Abrahamic religions)\n * 十界【じっかい】 (the [Ten Realms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten_realms) in Buddhism)\n * 十干【じっかん】 (the [Ten Heavenly Stems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenly_Stems) in Chinese divination)\n * 十脚目【じっきゃくもく】 (the order [_Decopoda_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda), including shrimp, crabs, and the like)\n * 十傑【じっけつ】 (the top ten in any listing of bests)\n * 法華十講【ほっけじっこう】 (the Ten Lectures of the Lotus Sutra, a particular format for teaching the sutra)\n * 十指【じっし】 (ten fingers; figuratively, a lot of people)\n * 十手【じって】 (a kind of weapon used by constables in the Edo period)\n\n### Hypothesis: maybe there never was any reading じつ?\n\nI cannot find any instances of 十 read as じつ, only where 十 is read as じっ with\nthe gemination. One analysis of the //p// → つ sound shift could be that the\nMiddle Chinese combination of the final //p// + initial following consonant\nwas hard to hear as distinct consonants for the speakers of Old Japanese, and\nthey may have interpreted combinations like //-ps-// or //-pt-// as simply\ngeminate //-ss-// or //-tt-// instead.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not address your question, and I can edit to\nupdate.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T00:44:02.683", "id": "86236", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T23:58:18.540", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-20T23:58:18.540", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "86229", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "This だろう does have the function of inference, \"I suppose\" or \"probably will\n～\". The subject of 侮っていた is 私, but the subject of 行動しないだろう can be either 私 or\nsomeone else who has been mentioned in the previous context. と is just a\nquotative particle.\n\n> すぐには行動しないだろう。 \n> = すぐには行動しないでしょう。\n>\n> I think [someone] will not act right away.\n\n> 私はすぐには行動しないだろうと侮っていた。\n>\n> I had been under the impression that [they/I] (probably) would not act right\n> away.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T13:21:03.927", "id": "86251", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T13:21:03.927", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86230", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "～くなる and [～くする](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%84-adjective-%E3%81%8F%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B-ku-suru-meaning/) are\nfundamentally different. For example:\n\n * 赤くなる \nto become red / to turn red\n\n * 赤くする \nto make (something) red\n\nLikewise:\n\n * 一人ぽっちでいられなくなる \nto become unable to be alone\n\n * 一人ぽっちでいられなくする \nto make [someone] unable to be alone\n\nAnd the original sentence is a [cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010) where お前 has been\npulled out for emphasis.\n\n * 一人ぽっちでいられなくしたのはお前(だ)。 \nIt's _you_ who made [someone] unable to be alone. \n(i.e., It's you who made [someone] prone to suffer from loneliness.)\n\nWho this \"someone\" is depends on the context. It can be a third person, the\nlistener or the speaker themself. If this \"someone\" is the speaker, the\nsentence roughly means something like \"You made me unable to live alone\nwithout you anymore.\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-21T15:34:20.360", "id": "86260", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-21T15:39:29.573", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-21T15:39:29.573", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86231", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Unless I'm mistaken, it should simply be the adverbial に, transforming it into\nan adverbial phrase. See also: <https://www.imabi.net/adverbsii.htm>", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-19T23:49:58.763", "id": "86233", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-19T23:49:58.763", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41089", "parent_id": "86232", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "EDIT: Now that it's clearer that you're asking about the 選べ rather than the\n来れば, ignore the next paragraph and skip to the end.\n\nWhile え-form can indeed imply imperative, if it's ～えば then that's a\nprovisional (\"if\") form, i.e. it means \"If you came to my place ...\" and in\nthis context it's probably been contracted from 来ればいい, which is used to offer\na suggestion. Sort of like \"Wouldn't it be good if you ...?\" or \"You could\nalways ...\".\n\nThe 選べ is _not_ an imperative え-form. It is, in fact, part of a conditional\nnegative potential form. Specifically:\n\n選ぶ (choose) → 選べる (can choose) → 選べない (can't choose) → 選べなかったら (if [you] can't\nchoose)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T03:30:35.410", "id": "86240", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T04:13:42.930", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-20T04:13:42.930", "last_editor_user_id": "16022", "owner_user_id": "16022", "parent_id": "86239", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "It's the old/traditional form of 遂 (the second character you listed).\n\nYou can see it under Korean Hanja in [this wiktionary\npage](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%82).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T08:23:28.547", "id": "86244", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T08:23:28.547", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "86243", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "# いいように\n\nように here means \"in order to\". So your second interpretation is correct.\n\n# だけ vs だけは\n\nI personally don't differentiate between contrastive and topic marker for は,\nso I don't know how to answer that question but, だけ means \"only\", whereas だけは\nmeans \"if nothing else\". In this case,\n\n> 高校だけ出ておきなさい\n\nwould mean \"Finish up to high school only (do not go to college, or anything\nfurther)\". While,\n\n> 高校だけは出ておきなさい\n\nwould mean, \"If nothing else, finish high school (whether you go to college\nafter that is not important/out of the scope of this conversation)\".\n\nSo the whole sentence would be something like\n\n> If nothing else, finish high school, so that you can keep your options open.\n\n(I'm assuming どう転んでも refers to the listener's prospects after high school.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T10:21:32.790", "id": "86248", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T10:21:32.790", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "86246", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This オチ is \"(unfavorable but easily expected) outcome\" rather than\n\"punchline\". In particular, ～のがオチだ is a common set phrase that means \"Surely\nit'll end up (something bad)\" or \"(Something bad) is all you can expect\". See\nthe second definition [here](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1), and\nthe following monolingual dictionary definition.\n\n> ### [落ち](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%90%BD%E3%81%A1/)\n>\n> ３ 行き着くところ。結末。\n>\n> ㋐落語などで、しゃれや語呂合わせなどで話の終わりを締めくくる部分。下げ。また、一般に、話の効果的な結末。「この話には落ちがついている」 \n> ㋑ **物事について予想されるよくない成り行き** 。「断られるのが落ちだ」\n\nThus:\n\n> で、幽が引っ張っていくオチか \n> So, the result is that Yū takes the lead, huh? \n> And it (always) ends up with Yū taking the lead, huh?\n\n(I'm not 100% certain about the meaning of this 引っ張る, so please change that\npart according to the context. It could mean \"to (physically) drag her out\" or\nsomething.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-20T12:46:40.480", "id": "86250", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-20T13:06:44.263", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-20T13:06:44.263", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86249", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The meaning is essentially the same but I would say that 少し has a slightly\nmore formal feel to it. ちょっと is a little more casual and more appropriate for\nspoken conversation as opposed to written - It is by no means impolite to use\nthe word ちょっと though. When chatting with friends I would use ちょっと, when\nsubmitting a written self-introduction for a job or something I would use 少し.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-21T00:00:23.297", "id": "86253", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-21T00:00:23.297", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43651", "parent_id": "86252", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It is the same as 〜てみなさい/〜てみてください. It is a suggestion, albeit not in the\nliteral sense. More like \"Why don't YOU try it!?!\"\n\nAlso, the previous statement \"俺だってね\" and how they parsed the\nsentence/subtitles may also have caused some confusion.\n\n> 俺だってね・・・ こんなとこで三枝社長に見つかってごらん？ 即行首ですよ。\n\nThe predicate for 俺だってね has been omitted. It would be something along the\nlines of 俺だってね、こんなことしたくないですよ！ or 俺だってね、困りますよ！", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-21T09:24:44.337", "id": "86257", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-21T09:24:44.337", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42299", "parent_id": "86254", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This is in the same vein as \"Move, and you're a dead man,\" which is\neffectively a little roundabout way of saying \"Don't move\". A similar\nconstruction works in Japanese, too, but with みろ/ごらん:\n\n> 少しでも動いてみろ、撃つぞ。\n>\n> Move an inch, and I'll shoot you.\n\nHere (-て)みる is a subsidiary verb which basically means \"to try something and\nsee what happens.\" See: [What is the difference between \"verb＋て＋みる\" and\n\"verb＋(よ)う+とする\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19038/5010)\n\nLikewise, in your sentence, ごらん is superficially a request, but the speaker is\npresenting something that must not happen using this ごらん. みろ/ごらん followed by a\nbad outcome is a common pattern.\n\n> こんなとこ三枝社長に見つかってごらん。速攻首ですよ。 \n> こんなとこ三枝社長に見つかってみろ。速攻首だよ。(plain form equivalent)\n>\n> Think, if President Saegusa finds me here like this? I'd be fired\n> immediately!\n\nRelated: [Is 「うそおっしゃい」 to be taken literally\nhere?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18243/5010)\n\n(BTW this type of slangy そっこう \"immediately\" tends to be written as 速攻,\nalthough a few dictionaries seem to be starting to say 即行 is also okay.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-21T14:41:28.227", "id": "86258", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T03:16:11.077", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-22T03:16:11.077", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86254", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "The の is a nominalizer and the が is the subject marker. The 乗っているの is the\nsubject of the verb 見える.\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n> (人)が立っている **のが見える** _lit._ \"someone standing is visible\" \n> (人)が歌っている **のが聞こえる** _lit._ \"someone singing is audible\"\n\n見える means \"can see\" or \"visible\", and 僕に(だけは) indicates who can see it / who\nit's visible to.\n\n> 世界が君の小さな肩に乗っている **のが** 僕にだけは **見えて**\n\nLiterally: That the world is on your little shoulders is visible only to me. \nOnly I can see that the world is on your little shoulders.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-09T13:38:05.657", "id": "86562", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-09T13:45:04.487", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-09T13:45:04.487", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "86255", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "ようだ before a conditional expression can be just an euphemism. 明鏡国語辞典 has the\nfollowing definition:\n\n> 《「…ようなら」「…ようだったら」などの形で》仮定を婉曲に示す。「助けがいるようなら連絡してくれ」「この薬で治らないようだったら病院へ行く」\n\nIn the example above, 助けがいるようなら and 助けがいるなら are almost the same (\"If you need\nhelp\"), but the former sounds a little more reserved, as if the speaker thinks\nit's unlikely the listener will need help. This depends on the context but you\nusually do not have to use _seem_ , _appear_ or _look_ to translate this type\nof よう.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-21T14:58:08.677", "id": "86259", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-21T15:18:28.217", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-21T15:18:28.217", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86256", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "There are many answers covering this piece of grammar called `rhetorical\nnegative`, like [this one I asked\nmyself](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/52605/%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-vs-%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84)\nover 3 years ago...\n\nBasically adding 「じゃない」 or 「（な）の/ん＋じゃない」 to the end of a sentence can turn it\ninto a rhetorical negative.\n\nexploring your example:\n\n> マリオさん！ひどいです。 - Mario-san! That's cruel. / You are cruel.\n\n> マリオさん！ひどくないです。- Mario-san! That's not cruel. You are not cruel.\n\n> マリオさん！ひどいじゃないですか？- Mario-san! Aren't you cruel?\n\nIf we want to be more specific, and perhaps have a more natural translation:\n\n> Mario! Don’t you think that’s cruel of you? (Leaving me there) or Mario! You\n> are so cruel, aren’t you?\n\nIn the polite form, when using this rhetorical negative you will definitely\nend it with `ですか`. And for proper affirmations you will end it with `です`.\n\nIt gets trickier when we're using informal language because both affirmations\nand rhetorical negatives can end with just `じゃない`.\n\nIn that case you will only be able to tell the difference by the speaker's\nintonation, and / or by the context.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-22T08:13:49.553", "id": "86267", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-23T05:09:22.153", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-23T05:09:22.153", "last_editor_user_id": "16104", "owner_user_id": "16104", "parent_id": "86261", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "### Background\n\nThere is a fundamental difference between the English labels \"transitive\" /\n\"intransitive\" and the Japanese labels 他動詞【たどうし】 / 自動詞【じどうし】. Please read the\nthread about that here:\n\n * [Can verbs be both transitive and intransitive?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/44523/can-verbs-be-both-transitive-and-intransitive)\n\nKey point: 自動詞【じどうし】 can sometimes have a syntactic (based on the grammatical\nstructure of the sentence) object.\n\n### Your question\n\nWith regard to your question, _can を work as から in certain situations_ , the\nbest answer is \"kind of\". :)\n\nThe verb 飛【と】び出【だ】す is often glossed as something like \"fly out from, fly away\nfrom\". In this translation, it is reasonable to expect から.\n\nIt can also mean \"to leave (in the particular fashion of flying out)\". An\nanalogy in English is that word \"leave\". We can say \"we leave _from_ a place\",\nusing a construction similar to how から works in Japanese. We can **also** say\n\"we leave _a place_ \", which is similar to how the を works in Japanese in your\nsample sentence.\n\nNote that there are other 自動詞【じどうし】 constructions that also take を, and where\nthat を doesn't work as から. Consider 道【みち】を[歩く]{あるく}. We can say something\nsimilar in English as \"I walk _along_ the road\", and also as \"I walk _the\nroad_ \", using \"the road\" as the direct object of \"walk\". There is a fuller\ndiscussion of the use of を with 自動詞【じどうし】 in this thread:\n\n * [Do “direct object を” and “directional を” occupy the same slot?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12799/do-direct-object-%E3%82%92-and-directional-%E3%82%92-occupy-the-same-slot)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-21T21:43:06.473", "id": "86263", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-21T21:43:06.473", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "86262", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "**～でいい** (or ～で大丈夫, etc) is an expression that means \"～ is acceptable (if not\nideal)\". I think this is something you can learn by rote. See:\n\n * [What is the difference between それでいい and それがいい here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17851/5010)\n * [Maggie Sensei: Noun + で(も）いい VS +がいい](https://maggiesensei.com/2014/05/20/%E3%80%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E3%80%80vs%E3%80%80%E3%80%9C%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-de-ii-demo-ii-vs-ga-ii/)\n\nSo the literal translation is:\n\n> 私でよければ入部させてください。 \n> If I'm acceptable (to you), let me join the club.\n\nAnd the implication of the first half is \"although I may not be\nperfect/ideal\". Something like this is said when the speaker is trying to be\nhumble or when she is not very confident.\n\n私はよければ is ungrammatical simply because は is not allowed in subordinate\nclauses.\n\n私をよければ入部させてください means \"Let me, if it's okay, join the club.\" The word order is\nnot very natural but it still can be parsed as a variation of よければ私を入部させてください\n(\"If it's okay, let me join the club\"). This no longer has the original\nimplication of \"although I may not be perfect\"; the speaker understands she is\nnot the decision maker, but she is thinking she will serve as a suitable\nmember.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-22T00:30:22.520", "id": "86265", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T03:32:38.467", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-22T03:32:38.467", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86264", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]

[ { "body": "At the word level, you have identified everything correctly. However, 怖い is an\nadjective that means either \"scared\" or \"scary\" depending on the context, and\nif someone sees this sentence without any context, they usually take this 怖い\nas \"scared\" (or \"afraid\"). In other words, you usually imagine someone who is\nbeing afraid by seeing this sentence in isolation. Please read my previous\nanswer here: [Different meanings of\nこわい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/66387/5010)\n\nDepending on the context, the same sentence _could_ mean \"What (part) is scary\n(about this thing)?\", which could be rephrased as \"Is anything scary (about\nthis thing)?\" or \"Nothing is scary (about this thing)!\" Simply, an objective\nsentence like this is less likely to appear on an Evangelion merch.\n\nOn the other hand, 怖いって何ですか sounds like \"Fear? What is it?\", \"What is the\ndefinition of being scary/scared?\" or something like this. It's about the\nabstract concept of 怖い itself.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-22T18:20:17.697", "id": "86272", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T18:20:17.697", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86268", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 }, { "body": "To add onto naruto's answer, [怖い]{こわい} in your sample sentence could be parsed\nas _\" What is scary?\"_ in a generalized sense, and also contextually as _\"\nWhat is scary **to you**?\"_ That latter interpretation is functionally\nequivalent in some ways to _\" What are you afraid of?\"_, hence the different\npossible translations into English.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-22T19:58:16.360", "id": "86273", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T19:58:16.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "86268", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "I'm a native speaker and I took this sentence as (2) intuitively. (So anything\nbelow is more of an afterthought.)\n\nTechnically speaking, this sentence is indeed ambiguous, and 社会的な影響 probably\nmeans \"influence **on** the society\" more often than \"influence **by** the\nsociety\". Still, 価値観 is something personal, and it is not usually regarded as\nsomething that affects the society, at least directly.\n\nFWIW, DeepL Translate [did\ntranslate](https://www.deepl.com/translator#ja/en/%E8%8B%A5%E8%80%85%E3%81%AE%E4%BE%A1%E5%80%A4%E8%A6%B3%E3%81%AF%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%9A%84%E3%81%AA%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF%E3%81%8C%E5%BC%B7%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82)\nthis as \"The values of young people are strongly influenced by society.\"\nCompare it with 消費税の増税は社会的な影響が強いです, which was translated by DeepL as \"The\nconsumption tax hike has a strong social impact.\"\n\nTo express (2) unambiguously:\n\n * 若者の価値観は社会 **からの** 影響が強いです。\n * 若者の価値観は社会 **による** 影響が強いです。\n * 若者の価値観 **に** 社会 **が** 与える影響は強いです。\n * 若者の価値観は社会 **から** 強い影響を **受けます** 。\n\nTo express (1) unambiguously:\n\n * 若者の価値観は社会 **への** 影響が強いです。\n * 若者の価値観 **が** 社会 **に** 与える影響は強いです。\n * 若者の価値観は社会 **に** 強い影響を与えます。\n\n(You can use 及ぼす instead of 与える.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-22T17:45:20.177", "id": "86270", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T20:33:02.170", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-22T20:33:02.170", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86269", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I'm not a native speaker (which I say merely because you seem to believe that\nwill change the value of my contribution).\n\nBut that being said, let's parse this sentence piece by piece.\n\n> 若者の価値観は社会的な影響が強いです\n\nTo do that let's simplify it a bit to\n\n> 影響が強いです。\n\nwhich means \"its influence is strong\" or \"it has a strong influence\".\n\nNow let's build this up gradually.\n\n> 何かは影響が強いです。\n\nWhich like above we could translate as either \"Something's influence is\nstrong\" or \"Something has a strong influence.\"\n\n> 何かは社会的な影響が強いです。\n\n\"Something has a strong societal influence\".\n\nAnd finally,\n\n> 若者の価値観\n\nLet's simplify this a bit too to\n\n> 若者の価値\n\nThis would mean simply \"the value of youth (young people)\". But, when we tack\non 観 it gets a little harder to translate this. 観 means \"view, perspective\"\nor, by extension \"how we regard\" (think of the root meaning of _regard_ in\nEnglish as to _look_ ). So, for\n\n> 若者の価値観\n\nI'll go with \"How we regard worth of our youth\".\n\nNow putting everything back together we get\n\n> 若者の価値観は社会的な影響が強いです\n\n> How we view the value of our young people has a strong societal effect.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-22T17:47:58.287", "id": "86271", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T17:47:58.287", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "86269", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "I think they basically refer to the same thing (\"gaming experience\") described\nfrom two different standpoints. Seen from the creators, it's 表現, but seen from\nthe players, it's 感じるもの. The idea is \"what we express or what players feel\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-22T23:24:48.700", "id": "86275", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-22T23:24:48.700", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86274", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> My question is: does ばかり, grammar-wise, _have to_ take a copula?\n\nIn this position in a sentence, yes, the copula is required.\n\nHistorically, ～ばかり derives from a noun. I suspect that informs the grammar\npoint that requires the copula after this. Looking at some quotes from older\ntexts, where the preceding word is an inflecting word, the inflection used is\nthe 連体形【れんたいけい】 or adnominal form, which is used to modify a following noun.\n(Note: The 連体形【れんたいけい】 and 終止形【しゅうしけい】 or terminal form have fused in modern\nJapanese, but there were still distinct endings for these in Classical\nJapanese and older forms of the language.)\n\nLikewise, だけ also derives from a noun, and similar grammar applies --\n彼は帰っただけ[だ]{●}, where that copula is again needed.\n\nSee also [this answer\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/47505/what-\ndoes-%E8%A8%B1%E3%82%8A-bakari-mean-and-what-happens-when-you-combine-it-with-\nka-ni-an#answer-48845) about the derivation of ～ばかり.\n\n> Is ばかり somehow a noun? Or perhaps does ばかり turn the whole phrase before it\n> into a noun?\n\nYes, and yes.\n\nThe first \"yes\" is answered further above: ばかり is derivationally a noun, and\ngrammatically still behaves as one in some ways.\n\nThe second \"yes\" is due to the way that Japanese allows for various words and\nphrases to modify the word directly afterwards, without requiring any\ncoordinating conjunction similar to English _that_ : \"the car _that_ goes\" can\nbe rendered in Japanese as simply [行く]{いく}[車]{くるま} (literally \"the goes car\").\n\nFrom this, let's take another look at your sample sentence.\n\n * 彼は帰ったばかりだ。 \n * The topic is clearly 彼は. That's what we're talking about. Topics are the outermost context of the sentence. In some (many?) cases, as in this one, the topic is also the subject, even though there's no explicitly stated subject marked with the particle が.\n * Then we have the past tense / completed verb 帰った.\n * But then we immediately have that ばかり. The 帰った essentially modifies the ばかり, telling us more about what kind of ばかり that is.\n * And since ばかり is (functionally) a noun, we then need that だ on the end to close the predicate.\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if this does not address your question, and I can edit to\nupdate.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-23T00:24:08.437", "id": "86277", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-23T00:24:08.437", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "86276", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "また火曜日 does sound informal, but また火曜日です would mean \"It's Tuesday again!\"\n\nInstead, you can say また火曜日に, which is politer and safe in everyday business\nconversations. If you need to be more respectful (eg, in an e-mail to someone\noutside your office), you can say また火曜日によろしくお願いします, etc.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-23T03:46:00.363", "id": "86280", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-23T03:46:00.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86278", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "### What is the difference in usage and meaning between 勝【か】たねば and 勝【か】たなければ?\n\nMy perspective is as a learner of Japanese and not as a native speaker.\n勝【か】たねば sounds more formal and stuffy to me, borderline Classical Japanese,\nsomething I'd only expect to see in writing. It's also possible that this form\nis used more in certain dialects or regional variants that I'm not familiar\nwith.\n\nMeanwhile, 勝【か】たなければ sounds more regular, everyday, modern, the kind of\nconjugation form I'm used to both hearing and reading.\n\nI defer to native speakers for a fuller discussion of differences in nuance.\n\n### How does 勝たねば come about?\n\nLet's break down 勝【か】たねば into its constituent pieces.\n\n * 勝【か】た～ is the 未然形【みぜんけい】 or \"irrealis\" (\"hasn't happened yet\") stem of the verb 勝【か】つ (\"to win\"). This stem is used to to construct the plain-form negative 勝【か】たない, so sometimes this might also be called the \"negative\" stem.\n * ね is the 已然形【いぜんけい】 (\"realis\" stem, \"has happened\") or 仮定形【かていけい】 (\"hypothetical\" stem) of the Classical Japanese negative verb ending ～ず. You generally only encounter this in writing or formal speech situations. In everyday speech, the ～ず ending has been replaced by the ～ない ending. \nThis _izenkei_ form is vaguely similar to the subjunctive seen in many\nEuropean languages. It's used to talk about things as if they have happened,\nor as if they could happen. This is the verb stem used with the conditional or\nhypothetical ～ば ending.\n\n * As the hypothetical stem of the negative suffix, this ～ね～ is functionally equivalent to modern ～なけれ～.\n * ば is the conditional verb suffix. This is used to express a necessary condition for the following clause. It's often translated simply as \"if\", and it has overtones of \"if `[VERB]`, then `[some other thing]`\", or even \" _only_ if `[VERB]`, then `[some other thing]`\".\n\n* * *\n\nPlease comment if the above does not fully address your questions, and I can\nedit to update.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-23T18:31:03.380", "id": "86286", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-23T18:31:03.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "86281", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It adds the sense that the action/state of the preceding verb (生きる) has\ncontinued till now.\n\nIf you want to say you will continue living that way into the future, you can\nsay ずっとボーッと生きていく.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-23T04:49:50.850", "id": "86283", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-23T04:49:50.850", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86282", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "So Shin Kanzen actually gave some examples of this combination (xxするに当たってのxx,\ne.g. 就職するに当たっての準備), as shown in the photo. However, I asked a Japanese\nteacher, and she agreed with naruto in the comments, that grammatically\nspeaking, it would be more correct to say xxするのに当たってxx, where \"するの\" would act\nas a noun, similar to \"すること\".\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wx0ye.jpg)\n\nAs of the meaning of the sentence, which I was confused about, \"当たって\" here\nshould be interpreted as \"corresponding to\", i.e. \"the strategy regarding the\nopening of new stores\". Then the sentence makes sense.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-04T16:25:21.037", "id": "86476", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T06:34:34.033", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-05T06:34:34.033", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "4959", "parent_id": "86285", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

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[ { "body": "小論文or随筆or評論or感想文\n\nと訳せるとは思いますが、いずれも微妙に意味が違うので、essayは「エッセイ」と記すことが多いです。\n\n日本においては\n\nessay＝｛エッセイ｝⊃｛小論文、随筆、評論、感想文｝\n\nというようにessayにあたる訳語が多数あり、一対一になっていないので、文章の内容によって訳し分ける必要があるのです。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T16:18:09.257", "id": "86317", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T16:18:09.257", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43604", "parent_id": "86289", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "You're both misreading and mishearing it. The singer sings it as three\nsyllables rather than than two, but it's still basically 'Zu-u-tto'.\nAdditionally, it's definitely a small っ - just compare the size of it to the\nlarge つ in ついていこう two lines later.\n\nず (and all other ザ行 kana) are often pronounced with [dz] rather than simple\n[z], so perhaps that's the root of your mishearing.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hvlnH.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ohNI0.png)\n\nAs you can see, the っ in the ずっと is smaller than the beginning part of\nついていこうって, and the same size as the っ in って. Additionally, ずつとずつと makes no\nsense, because ずつ is always paired with a number word and not used on its own.\n\nAdditionally, compare the sound of the と in the first line to the た in ドキドキした\nin the next line. They sound clearly different. The American English 'long O'\nis a diphthong [ou] - like a Spanish or Japanese short O followed by an 'oo'\nsound in the same syllable, but the Japanese O is, as I have just said, just\nthe first part of that sound.\n\nAnd there's definitely no め sound at all there. If every single source on the\ninternet, including those transcribed by Japanese people, say one thing, and\nyou hear another, you should probably accept that you're the one who's hearing\nit wrong.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-24T15:05:24.547", "id": "86293", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T18:59:31.660", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-25T18:59:31.660", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "86290", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "IMO both are interchangeable. I can agree that the form ～てばかりだ is perhaps used\nless frequently. Perhaps it's only used by relatively skilled\nspeakers/writers. That said I wouldn't say it's \"rarely used\". E.g. both\nあいつは菓子食ってばっかり！ or あいつは菓子食ってばかりいるね would be a common pattern you'd hear in\ndaily conversations.\n\nI can't think of any difference in nuance between the two. If I'm forced to\ncome up with something: ばかり generally gives the act a negative connotation.\nHowever, one _can_ use it to describe something positive. I think ばかりいる is a\ntad easier to use it in this way (あいつは子供の面倒を見てばかりいる), whereas that feels a bit\nharder with ばかり(あいつは子供の面倒を見てばかり).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-26T16:33:20.807", "id": "86328", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-26T16:33:20.807", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "86291", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "I couldn't find a proper reference. But ultimately it seems like the\ndifference in meaning should be the same as the difference between だ and いる.\nThe difference between being and existing.\n\nカップラーメンを食べてばかりいます。They eat ramen all the time.\n\nカップラーメンを食べてばかりです。 They only eat instant ramen. And maybe they will do so\nforever. They're _that kind of people_.\n\nIt seems to me the ばかりだ formulation is more judgemental regarding the very\nnature of the target of the affirmation. Whereas the ばかりでいる is merely an\nobservation, though with a negative connotation too.\n\nうちの子がゲームをしてばかりいると言われても否定できないが、だからといって将来なんてないとはとても言えないと思います。\n\nあいつは、ゲームをしてばかりで、将来のない人ですよ！", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-09-20T21:12:43.073", "id": "96287", "last_activity_date": "2022-09-20T21:29:02.543", "last_edit_date": "2022-09-20T21:29:02.543", "last_editor_user_id": "27777", "owner_user_id": "27777", "parent_id": "86291", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "「きれい」 and 「嫌い」are 2 most common な adjectives that ends with い so they are\nexceptions from the rule.\n\nI recommend checking this website\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives> for grammar\nreference as it's written pretty clearly and does not overcomplicate things.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-24T16:44:10.657", "id": "86296", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-24T16:44:10.657", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "38713", "parent_id": "86295", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "In \"Oxford Japanese Grammar and Verbs\" at page 100 they say:\n\n> **な adjectives which end in い** \n> There are some words which end in い even though they are な adjectives, not\n> い adjectives. **Such words all end in -ei.** The most common are: \n> きれい(な)・綺麗(な) pretty, clean, tidy \n> しつれい(な)・失礼(な) rude \n> ゆうめい(な)・有名(な) famous\n\nI think this (=saying \"Such words _all_ end in -ei.\") is wrong. \nNot all な- adjectives that end in ～い(な) end in \"-ei\". We have:\n\n>\n> [意外]{いがい}な(-ai)、[優位]{ゆうい}な(-ui)、[不快]{ふかい}な(-ai)、[得意]{とくい}な(-ui)、[詳細]{しょうさい}な(-ai)、[純粋]{じゅんすい}な(-ui)、[偉大]{いだい}な(-ai)、[巨大]{きょだい}な(-ai)、[容易]{ようい}な(-ui)、[多彩]{たさい}な(-ai)、[平易]{へいい}な(-ii)、[奇異]{きい}な(-ii)、[簡易]{かんい}な(-n'i)、[不揃]{ふぞろ}いな(-oi),\n> etc...", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-24T17:02:39.557", "id": "86298", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-24T17:59:57.360", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-24T17:59:57.360", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "86295", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "噴飯もの is a phrase used when one thinks something is absurd. It literally means\nsomething that makes one spit out food (laughing). The second person sees\nwordplay between ご飯 and 噴飯 and points that out using the verb 掛かる. The first\nperson, in turn, sees wordplay in the use of that verb because when you spit\nout food, it will splash over things, and the same verb 掛かる is used to\ndescribe that.\n\nIt should be read as 「掛かってる」も掛かったな with quotation marks. The particle も here\nsimply means “also” or “too”.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T04:39:18.283", "id": "86304", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T04:39:18.283", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86297", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "I think it is kind of similar to the に in a sentence such as ここにビルが建つ, which\nrefers to the future existence of something: a building will exist in this\nplace (as a result of being built). In the future, you would be saying\nここにビルがある, in which the function of に should be clearer.\n\nSimilarly, 秩序を欠いた群体に **ある** のは破滅のみ should sound natural as a sentence to\ndescribe the (sole) existence of destruction (破滅) in a group that lacks order\n(秩序を欠いた群体).\n\n待つ in your sentence is used as an intransitive verb and could be understood as\n“is expected to be” or “will be (as naturally or logically expected).” So, the\nwhole sentence could be translated as “What is expected to be in a group that\nlacks order is nothing but destruction.”\n\n秩序を欠いた群体 **を** 待つのは破滅のみ also makes sense. 待つ in this sentence is a transitive\nverb and 秩序を欠いた群体 is the direct object of it. It sounds a bit like destruction\nis actively waiting for such a group to come, but the meaning remains\nbasically the same. Either way, only destruction awaits a group that lacks\norder.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T03:45:58.847", "id": "86303", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T03:45:58.847", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86299", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's the masu-stem of する. So, 編み込みをし means that they put their hair up in\nbraids. The masu-stem is used where in English we would say \"they did this and\nthey did that and...\"\n\nSo 編み込みをしアップにした髪にベレー帽 means \"[put on] a baret on her hair that was put up and\ndone in braids.\" (I'm assuming somewhere in that sentence--or else implied--is\na verb meaning to _put on_.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-24T23:47:50.253", "id": "86301", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-24T23:47:50.253", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4875", "parent_id": "86300", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "The only possible interpretation for me is that し is the stem of the ます-form\nof the verb する.\n\nI think the author meant both 編み込みをした (braided) and アップにした (put up) to modify\n髪. It basically means the same as\n\n> 編み込みをして（、）アップにした髪\n\nI guess the author wanted to avoid repeating 〜して and 〜した because it would\nsound a bit like the two actions, 編み込みにする and アップにする, happened sequentially in\ntime.\n\nI would say the sentence is still poorly formed, though.\n\n> 編み込んでアップにした髪\n\nwould have been much easier to understand. Here, the verb 編み込む is used in its\nて-form, instead of 編み込みをする, where 編み込み is a noun and the object of the verb\nする.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T00:09:10.903", "id": "86302", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T00:09:10.903", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86300", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The reason your sentence, with or without のよう, sounds unnatural is not because\nthe て-form is interpreted as indicating a reason or cause. I’m a native\nspeaker, and I don’t particularly read the meaning of “therefore” in it.\n\nHowever, the sentence still sounds unnatural because the main clause, which\nfollows the て-form, says something that goes contrary to what you would\nnaturally expect from what was stated in the preceding part. It’s not grammar\nthat’s wrong. The sentence goes against the natural flow of logic the\nlistener/reader expects from the て-form conjunction.\n\nFor example, the following sentence sounds reasonably natural.\n\n> 伊藤さんは仕事が多くてあまり寝ていないようです。 \n> Itou-san has a lot of work and it seems like he's not sleeping very well.\n\nFor your sentence to sound natural, it would need a different kind of\nconjunction. such as のに.\n\n> 伊藤さんは仕事が多いのに休みすぎです。 \n> Despite the fact Itou has a lot of work, he is taking too many breaks.\n\nThe following sentence sounds even more natural, but that’s a different issue.\n\n> 伊藤さんは仕事がたくさんあるのに休みすぎです。", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T08:52:49.943", "id": "86307", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T08:52:49.943", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86305", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「頑張りましょう」→「頑張る」＋「ます」＋「う」\n\n「頑張ろう」→「頑張る」＋「う」\n\n「頑張りましょう」≒「頑張ろう」\n\n「頑張りましょう」という表現は敬語（honorific or polite form)です。\n「ます」が聞き手に対して丁寧な印象を与えます。集会などで、一人の人間が全体に対し話をするときは、多くの場合丁寧語（polite\nlanguage)を用います。すごく親しい仲間内では「頑張ろう」という表現を用いることが多いと思います。\n\n※「う」＝“will” （auxiliary verb)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T11:13:36.047", "id": "86310", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T11:13:36.047", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43604", "parent_id": "86308", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "@Horiuchi Junya has a good explanation. Simply put:\n\n> 頑張ろう is the **volitional form** of verbs: \"let's [verb]\"\n\n> 頑張りましょう is the **polite form** of the volitional form: \"let's [verb]\" as\n> well.\n\nIf you are using the former, it is likely a more informal context, such as\nsomething that would be said if you were pulling the giant tug-of-war in Naha,\nor maybe said at Sports Day.\n\nIf you are using the latter, it is a more formal context, such as a boss or\nmanager telling a team to do their best on a project. It can also be used just\nto be more polite.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2022-11-24T14:23:12.360", "id": "97364", "last_activity_date": "2022-11-24T14:23:12.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34965", "parent_id": "86308", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "I would translate the given English translation back to Japanese as:\n\n> 息子の成績がどんどんよくなっています。\n\nI mostly agree with you on both #1 and #2 about the original Japanese\nsentence. It should be understood as “My son’s grades will gradually improve.”\nThe current grades obviously have room for improvement but the sentence\ndoesn’t say anything that indicates they are “unacceptable”.\n\nI wonder under what circumstances a parent would give such a prediction about\ntheir son’s grades…\n\n* * *\n\nLet me add this. if you want to express the meaning of 段々 (gradually), rather\nthan どんどん (more and more, in an accelerating manner), you could say:\n\n> 息子の成績が段々よくなってきています。\n\nwith the auxiliary くる. It sounds more natural to me than 息子の成績が段々よくなっています.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T14:37:19.463", "id": "86315", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-26T01:30:05.987", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-26T01:30:05.987", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86309", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "英文の文法に忠実に訳すなら\n\n「歩こうとは思わないくらいお腹がいっぱいだ。」か 「お腹いっぱいすぎるので歩かないだろう。」\n\nとなると思いますが、日本人はこの場合\n\n「歩けないくらいお腹いっぱいだ」 「お腹いっぱいすぎて歩けない」 (←naturally speaking)\n\n以上のように「お腹いっぱい」という原因に、「歩けない」という、行為の不可能を結果として結びつけて喋ることが多いので、単純に打ち消しの意思の文で表現することは少ないと思います。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T11:39:28.283", "id": "86312", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T11:39:28.283", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43604", "parent_id": "86311", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "「までに」は動作がその時点までに完了するときに使います\n\nEx\n\n宿題を明日までに終わらせる。\n\n君が帰るまでに掃除をしておく。\n\nそれに対して 「まで」は動作、状態が継続しているときに使います。\n\nEX\n\n祭りは明日までです。\n\n寝ないで朝まで仕事をする。\n\n「までに」→by（完了）\n\n「まで」→until（継続）\n\nという使い分けをするわけです。", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T16:56:09.137", "id": "86318", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T16:56:09.137", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43604", "parent_id": "86313", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This is a very interesting question. Here is my analysis.\n\nWhen the verb かかる is used to talk about an amount of time spent (or to be\nspent) before some event happened (or happens), as in your example, it is used\nwith [event]-までに.\n\n> けがが治る **までに** ３週間かかった。\n\nIn this case, the verb itself doesn’t refer to a continuous action or state.\nIt simply means “take” or “require”, which in Japanese is apparently not\nconsidered something that, well, takes time. In your example, that (“taking”\nof three weeks) happened before the healing of the injury. Hence までに.\n\nHowever, the same verb can also be used with まで as in the following example.\n\n> けがを治すのに４月 **まで** かかった。\n\nHere, the verb is used to talk about a continuous effort, and まで is used not\nwith an event but with a specific point of time. The effort continued till\nthat point of time. Hence まで.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-26T00:26:22.667", "id": "86322", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-26T00:26:22.667", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86313", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> 私の夫は、物事をかけらもうたがわないたちなのだ。\n\nThe たち (質) means \"one's nature\" \"disposition\".\n\nかけら (欠片) originally means \"fragment\" \"piece\", and かけらも～～ない means \"not ... even\na bit\" \"not ... at all\".\n\nSo you're right that the line is a comment on her husband's lack of suspicion.\nIt means \"My husband is a kind of person who doesn't doubt things even a\nlittle.\"", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-25T15:00:21.403", "id": "86316", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-25T15:00:21.403", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "86314", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "As Chocolate has already commented, it is very probably that たす and ひく\noriginated from the teaching at そろばん塾 (soroban juku, abacus institute) which\nplayed a very important role as a private school especially in the Edo Period\nand has been very popular among school boys and girls even now.\n\nSeveral decades ago, I was also taught calculation by the use of an abacus. In\nthe soroban juku, a soroban teacher, first of all, called out 「ねがいましては」(Please\n[calculate]). Just after the calling, he said something like\nthis:「100(円)(なり)、たすことの200(円)(なり)、ひくことの150(円)(なり)、こたえは？」. But this would be the\ncalling for the soroban beginners and will not be heard now even in the abacus\ninstitute, because it is old-fashioned.\n\n * 5 たすことの 3 は 8.（5、それにたすのは 3 で、こたえは 8）5 plus 3 is 8.\n * 8 ひくことの 1 は 7.（8、それからひくのは 1 で、こたえは 7）8 minus 1 is 7.\n\nBut たすことの and ひくことの are long, so it must have been reduced or shortened to たす\nand ひく, especially when many numbers are added or subtracted as 「3たす5たす6たす9は」.\nAnd I have to emphasize that speed in calculation has been very important for\nthe advanced level teaching.\n\nModern Japanese only recognize these たす and ひく as 'plus' and 'minus' without\nhaving any knowledge of the historical development of these expressions. I am\nvery grateful to the questioner for letting me know their history.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-28T02:23:02.200", "id": "86359", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-29T23:32:45.727", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-29T23:32:45.727", "last_editor_user_id": "42257", "owner_user_id": "42257", "parent_id": "86319", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "First of all, いっぱい doesn’t refer to something people do. It's not an action.\nIt's not even a verb. It’s an adjective/adverb that describes a state where a\nthing or place is full of something. So the use of で is incorrect to begin\nwith. に is a better choice than で because いっぱい means something exists in\nabundance. When you state something exists in a particular place, you use に\nwith that place, not で.\n\nIn fact,\n\n> プールに人がいっぱいいます。\n\nis a valid sentence, whereas\n\n> (*) プールで人がいっぱいいます。\n\nis not.\n\nいっぱい works in two ways, describing either of the following:\n\n 1. the thing or place that is full of something (プール)\n 2. the thing that is filling that thing or place (人)\n\nIn the first usage, the thing that is filling that thing or place takes the\nparticle で.\n\n> 人でいっぱいです。\n\nIn the second usage, the same thing takes the subject’s spot with the subject\nmarker が.\n\n> 人がいっぱいです。\n\nSo, singling out プール as a topic, we get the following two valid sentences.\n\n> プールは人でいっぱいです。 \n> プールは人がいっぱいです。\n\nAs for other possibilities,\n\n> プールに人がいっぱいです。\n\nis OK, though it sounds a bit like a less proper, somewhat shortened, way of\nsaying\n\n> プールに人がいっぱいいます。\n\nThe following sentence doesn’t work because it doesn’t say what’s full of\npeople. If it’s the pool that’s full of people, it should be used with either\nが or は. There should be no place for に.\n\n> (*) プールに人でいっぱいです。\n\nNone of the following, with 人を, works either, because people are not objects\nof any action here. So there should be no place for を.\n\n> (*) プールで人をいっぱいです。 \n> (*) プールは人をいっぱいです。 \n> (*) プールに人をいっぱいです。\n\nBy the way, when いっぱい doesn't mean one cupful or glassful of some liquid, it\nis usually written in hiragana.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-26T11:07:17.243", "id": "86325", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-26T16:57:03.207", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-26T16:57:03.207", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86324", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "There are lots of very different grammar questions in this 1 question, so I'm\njust going to try addressing the title. The answer is it all depends on what\nyou are trying to convey.\n\nAs far as I know, います or あります always requires the particle に. This is just\nsimply the rule. So PLACEにSOMETHINGがあります／います is the correct grammar.\n\nAs for プールで人がいっぱい, it isn't wrong at all provided you are not trying to convey\nいます／あります. An example would be プールで人がいっぱい **集まっている** (Many people are gathering\nat the pool). So again, プールで人がいっぱいです should be perfectly fine, people would\njust assume there's an appropriate verb (such as 集まっている) between いっぱい and です\nthat isn't います or あります, and would clarify with you on what it is if the\ncontext of the situation isn't obvious enough.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-26T14:47:43.457", "id": "86327", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-26T15:14:33.830", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-26T15:14:33.830", "last_editor_user_id": "43710", "owner_user_id": "43710", "parent_id": "86324", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "一杯 has both meaning \"a cup of\" and \"full of\" so it confuses a little. I prefer\nいっぱい here.\n\n> But why doesn't 「プールで人が一杯です。」or「プールで人をいっぱい」work then?\n\n\"で\" here means \"by\" so the above sentence sounds strange.\n\n\"では\" means \"at\" so that「プールでは人がいっぱいです」sounds ok.\n\n> What about 「プールは人がいっぱいです」\n\nsounds ok.\n\n> 「プールに人がいっぱいです」/「プールに人でいっぱいです」\n\n\"に\" means \"into\" so that it sounds strange.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-26T23:41:01.750", "id": "86335", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-26T23:41:01.750", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43717", "parent_id": "86324", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 }, { "body": "As aguijonazo has said, 「で」 has several different functions. In the sentences\nlike \"学校で勉強する\", \"プールで泳ぐ\"、「で」 indicate \"place of action\" and in the sentences\nlike \"彼のラーメンは世界で一番おいしい\", \"彼はチームで一番頭がいい\",\"中華料理で好きなのは麻婆豆腐だ\", 「で」 indicate \"scope\nof adjective or verb (superlative)\".\n\nWe can say 「プールが人でいっぱいです」 so if you say 「プールで人がいっぱいです」, it is confusable.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T12:06:32.007", "id": "86350", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T12:06:32.007", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43535", "parent_id": "86324", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

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[ { "body": "なもの suggests that one is describing something that's true and can't be changed\n(e.g. 太陽ってのは明るいものだ、親というのはそういうものだ).\n\nHere, これも仕事なものだから means \"this is part of my job (and I can't change that) -\ntherefore\". It's used as an \"excuse\", as in \"I may or may not be finding it\nunfortunate, but regardless it's like this and I can't change it. So I'll have\nto act this way\".\n\nOther examples include: そういう性格なもんでね、そういう決まりなもんでね etc", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T08:50:07.867", "id": "86348", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T08:50:07.867", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "86329", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "* 殺人 is a relatively objective word for \"killing\" or \"murder\".\n * 大量殺人 is just \"mass murder\", as the kanji suggest. The means of killing is not important. It's still a relatively objective term, and Wikipedia articles may prefer this.\n * 殺戮 refers to brutal and cruel mass murders, typically using rifles, chainsaws, poison gas, etc. Tabloids and novel authors may prefer a sensational word like this.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T02:44:15.000", "id": "86343", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T02:44:15.000", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86331", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "クイズ[感覚]{かんかく}で here means something like “as if to play a quiz game”.\n\nThe word [正解]{せいかい} is often used when a contestant gives a right answer in a\nquiz show. Since the loan shark said it cheerfully when the character ventured\nto ask if it was a family member of Mikoto’s who owed him money, he commented\nhe didn’t ask as if he were a quiz show contestant eager to hit the right\nanswer.\n\nWhen preceded by certain nouns, [感覚]{かんかく} carries a sense of “as if …” like\nthat.\n\nHere are a few examples with other similar expressions.\n\n> [彼]{かれ}は[遊]{あそ}び[感覚]{かんかく}で[仕事]{しごと}をしている。 \n> [彼女]{かのじょ}とは[友達]{ともだち}[感覚]{かんかく}で[付]{つ}き[合]{あ}っている。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T09:02:57.390", "id": "86349", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T09:02:57.390", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86332", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The particle は adds sort of exclusivity in a negative sentence.\n\nFor example,\n\n> ビールは[飲]{の}まない。\n\nimplies this person might drink other alcoholic drinks, but not beer. ビール is\nsingled out to stress that he doesn’t drink beer.\n\nOn the other hand,\n\n> ビールを[飲]{の}まない。\n\nhas no such implication.\n\nWhen it’s a verb that is to be singled out, it takes the following form:\n\n> [V ます-stem]-はしない\n\nYour first sentence follows this pattern. The verb is [戻]{もど}る, so the\nstandard negative (i.e. without は) would be:\n\n> 二人の愛はもどらないけど\n\n(*) もどりしない is ungrammatical.\n\nThe second sentence uses the same は with the たい-form of a verb, [憎]{にく}む.\n\nThe formula could be generalized as follows, but this means the same as simply\ninserting は before ない, as you correctly sorted out.\n\n> [V ます-stem]-たくはない\n\nShe may have many different feelings towards him, but she at least doesn’t\nwant to hate him.\n\nThe ない-form of a verb can also be singled out like that, to form a double\nnegative, such as:\n\n> ビールを[飲]{の}まなくはない。\n\nThis person does drink beer, but he doesn’t particularly willingly do so.\n\nBoth the たい-form and the ない-form of a verb follow the same conjugation pattern\nas an い-adjective.\n\nHere is an example with an い-adjective.\n\n> おいしくはない。\n\nIt may be OK (まあまあ), but you cannot say it’s tasty. The quality of tastiness\nis specifically negated.\n\nCuriously, there is no special construction for a noun or a な-adjective as\ntheir negative form already contains は.\n\n> [好]{この}みではない。 \n> [好]{す}きではない。\n\nIn speech, で is somewhat stressed if the exclusivity is intended.\n\nTo make this meaning clearer, you could say:\n\n> [好]{この}みという[訳]{わけ}ではない。 \n> [好]{す}きという[訳]{わけ}ではない。\n\nThis also works with a verb or an い-adjective, except という is optional in these\ncases.\n\n> [戻]{もど}る（という）[訳]{わけ}ではない。 \n> [憎]{にく}みたい（という）[訳]{わけ}ではない。 \n> [飲]{の}まない（という）[訳]{わけ}ではない。 \n> おいしくない（という）[訳]{わけ}ではない。\n\nActually, this function of は is not limited to a negative sentence.\n\n> ビールは[飲]{の}む。\n\nimplies this person might not drink other alcoholic drinks.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T02:37:42.500", "id": "86342", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T02:37:42.500", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86333", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "If you are asking purely about syntax, replacing を with も is not a problem at\nall.\n\nHowever, your sentence has several other issues.\n\nFirst of all, あなたを気にしない is not quite idiomatic. あなた **のこと** を気にしない sounds much\nmore natural. Besides, or perhaps because of this reason, あなたも気にしない would most\nlikely be understood as:\n\n> You don’t care, either.\n\nSecondly, 俺は should be 俺 **が**. This は takes out 俺 as a topic, but a topic\nusually doesn’t go inside a subordinate clause.\n\nAfter these corrections (and a comma for readability), we arrive at the\nfollowing:\n\n> 俺が彼だったら、あなたのことを気にしない。\n\nThough this sounds natural enough, I would prefer:\n\n> 俺が彼なら、あなたのことを気にしない。\n\nLet’s agree on this as the base sentence to which to add the meaning of も, for\nthe sake of the following discussion.\n\nNow, I understand what you want to say is:\n\n> If I were him, I wouldn’t care about you, either.\n\nHowever, there is a little ambiguity to this English sentence because it could\nbe interpreted in, at least, two ways:\n\n> 1. He doesn’t care about you. If I were him, I wouldn’t care about you,\n> either. [i.e. I am like him.]\n>\n\nor\n\n> 2. He may not care about other people, but he cares about you. If I were\n> him, I wouldn’t care about you, either. [i.e. You are like other people (for\n> me).]\n>\n\nThis ambiguity needs to be resolved if the above sentence is to be translated\nto Japanese.\n\nYour approach of replacing を with も would result:\n\n> 俺が彼なら、あなたのことも気にしない。\n\nThis works only in the second scenario.\n\nIn the first scenario, も would have to go with 俺 because that's what you want\nto put into the same group as something else, which is the main function of も.\nOne straightforward solution would be to make the subject of the main clause,\nwhich is 俺, explicit and add も to it, like this.\n\n> 俺が彼なら、俺もあなたのことを気にしない。\n\nHowever, this sounds not only redundant but also a bit unnatural because 俺が彼なら\nsomewhat suggests what follows will talk about some contrast between “me” and\n“him”, yet the main clause contradicts it.\n\nIt would be more natural to say:\n\n> 俺が彼でも、あなたのことを気にしない。\n\nThis would be interpreted as meaning either one of the following:\n\n> 1. He doesn’t care about you. In his shoes, I also wouldn’t care about\n> you.\n>\n\nor\n\n> 2. I don’t care about you. Even in his shoes, I still wouldn’t care about\n> you.\n>\n\nSome ambiguity remains, but context will take care of the rest.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-28T01:21:32.363", "id": "86357", "last_activity_date": "2021-12-31T04:17:31.727", "last_edit_date": "2021-12-31T04:17:31.727", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86336", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "You should just think of this as a fixed phrase, rather than something that\nliterally translates to \"this, this\". If you think about it, \"well, well\"\ndoesn't literally make sense in English either, so you have to learn it as a\nunit or _collocation_ with a specific meaning.\n\n[The definition listed for the phrase\nこれは](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%AD%A4%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AF/#jn-82898)\nis given as a 連語 (fixed phrase), and I would translate the definition as\nfollows:\n\n> 意外な物事に出会って驚いたり、感動したりしたときに用いる語。 \n> A phrase used when one feels shocked upon encountering something\n> unexpected.\n\nThe etymology of これはこれは should be fairly transparent too -- it probably arose\nfrom something like これは何だろう (\"I wonder what this is\"), repeated for emphasis.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T00:34:59.820", "id": "86338", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T00:34:59.820", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "86337", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Negative of です can always be ではありません. But here you have to be careful because\nthe notion of \"negative\" is quite different from what it is in latin-based\nlanguages. Like you could ask \"what's the negative form of X in\nGerman/French/Italian\" and you could get some usable information in real life\nfrom the answer you might get, but that's not guaranteed in Japanese. So I\nstrongly caution against asking that question in the first place, if your goal\nwas to add to your conversational repertoire. That's a rabbit hole you don't\nwant to go down, beacuase people avoid the gramatically simple negative form\nlike plague and hence there are numerious ways around it instead. Imagine if\nyou will, a whole race of people avoiding \"no\"!\n\nThat said, you can say:\n\nそうです。\n\nThe gramatically simple, correct negative to it is:\n\nそうではありません。 そうではないです。\n\n...but you could cause some drama you don't intend to, depending on the\ncontext and who's around and what the subject it, saying that. Consider:\n\nそうとは限りません。\"that's not always the case\".\n\nAs for negatives for ます、it's somewhat simpler. It's always ません。\n\nAs for turning 私は学生ですから勉強します。 into \"I do not study because I am not a\nstudent\":\n\nFirst, omit the subject because it's obvious. (don't state the subject like\n_I_ unless you really, really have to. By deafult, don't.) Now you have:\n\n学生ですから勉強します。\n\n..and them, to answer your original question:\n\n学生ではないので勉強しません。\n\nwould do.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-09T10:41:57.090", "id": "86554", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-09T10:41:57.090", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14444", "parent_id": "86339", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In Japanese, it's perfectly fine to use この/そんな/あの/etc to modify 私/武蔵/etc., but\nit has a certain nuance.\n\n * こんな私: a person like me (lit. \"such I\")\n * この俺: a person like me / even I / me here / no one else but me\n * この武蔵: I, Musashi / This person Musashi\n\nSee [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16220/5010) for other\npossible translations.\n\nIn your example, saying この武蔵 probably implies this person is special in some\nway or another. For example, he may be the head of the group who rarely fights\nwith people.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T02:24:54.210", "id": "86341", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T02:24:54.210", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86340", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "> I've also read that the te-form of intransitive verbs with いる describe a\n> state that holds after said change occurs.\n\nAs a native speaker, I can say that this definition is correct but too narrow\nin scope; the case you raised with 泣いている is perfectly valid.\n\nI would map \"ている\" to english persent-perfect form, \"has been\" \"have been\". A\nquick check to see if you can use ている would be to add もう２時間も \"for two hours\"\nand see if it makes logical sense.\n\n店はもう２時間も開いている The store's been open for TWO HOURS! (to someone complainig that\nthe store's closed and can't go)\n\n彼女はもう2時間も泣いている She's been crying for two hours.\n\nIn short, your usage is OK. Don't take the textbook too literally.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T22:45:05.457", "id": "86446", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T22:45:05.457", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14444", "parent_id": "86345", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "IMHO, this really has nothing to do with transitive vs intransitive verbs at\nall. In my view there is actually a completely separate conceptual distinction\nbetween verbs in Japanese, which you need to look at instead. There are:\n\n * Verbs that describe some activity occurring (which has duration)\n * Verbs that describe a change from one state to another\n\nThe ている-form really implies different things depending on which of these two\ncategories of verbs you're dealing with. For the first type of verbs, the\naction can start, then continue for a while, then stop, so it's possible to be\n\"in the middle of\" doing that action at some point in time, so for these\nverbs, ている indicates you are in the middle of doing that action, and is\nbasically equivalent to the _present progressive_ form in English (\"is\n(verb)ing\").\n\nHowever, state-change verbs in Japanese are basically \"instantaneous\". That\nmeans, they don't have a duration, and you can't really ever be \"in the\nmiddle\" of doing them (you either haven't done it yet, or it's already been\ncompleted). Therefore, ている can't mean you're in the middle of it, because that\nmakes no sense, so what it means for these verbs is you are \"presently in the\nstate that results from having done (verb)\". In English, this often\ncorresponds to the _present perfect_ form (\"has (verb)ed\").\n\nHow do you tell what kind of verb you're working with? Well, in many cases\nit's fairly obvious. In cases where it isn't, you should consider whether the\nsubject is in a distinctly different state after the verb has finished than\nthey were before it started. If they are, then it's probably a state-change\nverb. If they aren't, then it's probably a normal activity verb.\n\nSo in this case, 開く is clearly a state-change verb (it describes the\ntransition from being \"closed\" to being \"open\"). On the other hand, with 泣く,\nafter you've finished crying, are you in a different state than you were\nbefore you started crying? Not really. And it's reasonable to think of crying\nas an activity that can go on for some time, so this is pretty clearly not a\nstate-change verb. It's an activity.\n\n * 開いている: state-change verb (instantaneous) --> \"has opened\"\n * 泣いている: activity verb (has duration) --> \"is crying\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T00:29:18.717", "id": "86478", "last_activity_date": "2021-06-09T19:20:01.243", "last_edit_date": "2021-06-09T19:20:01.243", "last_editor_user_id": "35230", "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "86345", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "First, understand the construct 彼に食べる気はない, 彼に帰る気はない etc. に is used to indicate\nyou are talking about his attributes (e.g. 彼に足はない、彼に知恵はない and so on).\n\nSo, when you want to say he doesn't have the attribute 彼女とヨリを戻す気 anymore,\nyou'd say 彼に彼女とヨリを戻す気はない", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T08:38:43.473", "id": "86347", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T08:38:43.473", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "86346", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "The answer is actually the same in both cases: the particle isn't が because\nit's not a subject.\n\n 1. もう彼に彼女とヨリを戻す気は... [He no longer wants to get back to his girlfriend.]\n\nFirst of all, as mentioned in the comment above, the full phrase is\nもう[彼に][彼女とヨリを戻す]気はない and the more literal translation is \"He doesn't have the\nmood (気) to make up with the girlfriend (彼女とヨリを戻す). As all other doesn't have\nsentences in Japanese it can be stated as XにYはない (or ありません (I think, it\ncould've also been XはYではありません)\n\n 2. 私には彼女ができた。 [I got a girlfriend.] Here as well, the subject is the girlfriend because she is the one that できた - \"became\", \"appeared\" whatever you like. To whom? To me. So literally: A girlfriend appeared to me. Or, with topicalization: As to me, a girlfriend appeared.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T15:13:15.627", "id": "86351", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-27T15:13:15.627", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39017", "parent_id": "86346", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "Your translation itself seems reasonable to me. He is comparing someone's\nappearance with his daughter's tears. More context is needed because something\nvery unusual seems to be happening here, but assuming he's doing 女装, maybe\nhe's trying to say \"my appearance may be outlandish but it's as\nbeautiful/precious as my daughter's tears\" or something like this.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T03:12:59.727", "id": "86390", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T03:12:59.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86353", "post_type": "answer", "score": -1 } ]

[ { "body": "I think your understanding is correct.\n\n族 is hardly ever used by itself, except as the colloquial short form of 暴走族,\nin which case it is pronounced with a low-high pitch pattern, rather than\nnormal high-low.\n\nThough these things get lost in translation, I would guess the word choice was\ndue to the fact that 家族 ends with it. 家族も族だ is like saying 家族 is one of those\nthings that end with 族 (such as 種族, 部族, 民族, etc.) The listeners can infer by\ncategory what he meant without knowing what exactly the word 族 means.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-28T02:34:54.683", "id": "86360", "last_activity_date": "2021-12-31T04:15:11.047", "last_edit_date": "2021-12-31T04:15:11.047", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86354", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "In this sentence, のか means that the speaker is guessing at a cause. To\ntranslate the sentence, \"Perhaps reacting to the sound, I heard a voice.\" Kind\nof a gross translation, but essentially the speaker is guessing that the voice\nthey hear is from someone vocalizing in reaction to the referenced sound.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-27T23:21:23.607", "id": "86356", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-28T01:02:29.280", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-28T01:02:29.280", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "43730", "parent_id": "86355", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "If you don’t know whether or not whatever uttered the voice did so in response\nto the sound, you might say:\n\n> その音に反応した **のか** どうかわからない。\n\nIf you suspect it did, you might say:\n\n> その音に反応した **のかも** しれない。\n\nのか in your sentence should be understood along these lines.\n\nIn fact, he could have as well said:\n\n> その音に反応したのかもしれない。わたしの耳に一つの声が届いた。\n\nor\n\n> その音に反応したのかもしれないが、わたしの耳に一つの声が届いた。\n\nYou wouldn’t be terribly mistaken if you thought of その音に反応したのか as a shorter\nconjunctional form of this.\n\n* * *\n\n**[EDIT]** \nMaybe I should add that this conjunction is a causal one, although the speaker\nis not completely sure about the cause.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-29T09:52:03.393", "id": "86373", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T11:50:10.680", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T11:50:10.680", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86355", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "As you noticed, the sentence can be interpreted in the two ways, but we\ngenerally interpret it as the first meaning.\n\nIf we mean the second meaning, we use 発言できない内容もある. If we clearly mean the\nfirst meaning, we use 発言できない時もある.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-28T09:06:00.830", "id": "86362", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-28T09:06:00.830", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "86361", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "When I listen, I mostly rely on the context. It could go either way.\nSometimes, the word is emphasized, with a clear pitch difference between its\ntwo syllables as when it’s pronounced individually. When I detect it, I would\nbe more inclined towards “things” than otherwise because you don’t usually\nemphasis a dummy noun.\n\nWhen I'm reading, I would definitely understand it as “things” if it’s written\nas 事. It’s so clear to me that concrete things (事) you talk about (e.g.\nhobbies, work, family, etc.) are more concrete than instances (こと) of talking,\nor having talked, about them. I would even consider any (modern) writer who\nwrites 事 in the first sense a bad writer.\n\nAs for this particular case, though, I noticed the verb used is 発言する, which is\nnormally used intransitively and therefore doesn’t take a direct object. Then,\nwe might be looking at an example of bad writing here. If she meant “things”,\nshe would have said 言えない事.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-28T10:37:41.207", "id": "86364", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-28T10:37:41.207", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86361", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "堀 refers to artificial ditches in general. 壕 is a dry version, and 濠 is a wet\nversion filled with water. Practically, I kind of feel 壕 and 濠 tend to be used\nin military contexts, whereas 堀 tends to refer to permanent and beautiful ones\nsurrounding large castles.\n\nNote that 壕 and 濠 are [phono-sementic\nkanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character_classification#Phono-\nsemantic_compound_characters); the left parts (土 = soil and 氵 = water)\ncontribute to the meaning, but the right part, 豪, just represents the sound\nごう. The kanji 豪 on its own means something like \"great\" or \"magnificent\", as\nin 豪華, but its _meaning_ is not important in 濠 and 壕. 豪 in 豪州 is [just an\nateji](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/86379/5010).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T02:23:35.293", "id": "86387", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T02:23:35.293", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86363", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Etymologically, in Chinese, **濠** or 壕 (depending on whether it is watered or\ndry) is the character that represents the word _háo_ \"moat, trench\". **堀** is\na now rare variant of 窟, which stands for the word _kū_ \"cave, burrow, hole\",\nand does **not** have the same meaning as the former.\n\nHowever, in Japanese, the notion \"moat\" is represented by the word ほり, which\nobviously derives from 掘【ほ】る \"dig, bore\", as if literally saying \"dug\" or\n\"digging\". Consequently it is felt more natural for Japanese to employ the\ncharacter 堀, which looks similar to 掘* and has radical 土 associated with\n\"building\", when writing this word. It is an example of\n[国訓](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji#Kokkun), a Japanese-only meaning the\nChinese language has never given to the character.\n\nAlthough assigned the kun'yomi ほり as well, 濠 is far from the primary option\nfor representing the native word. Instead, it is used as a synonym to build\non'yomi compounds such as 環濠 (or 防空壕, 塹壕 via 壕). This is just contrary to 堀,\nwhich seldom appears in on'yomi クツ it technically has.\n\n* * *\n\n* Unlike Japanese, 掘 and 堀 are not homophones in Chinese ( _jué_ < * _gjwot_ vs _kū_ < * _khwot_ ), though they are presumably cognate.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T02:28:28.543", "id": "86388", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T03:07:34.010", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T03:07:34.010", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "86363", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "Yes, this と is quotative and connects to (いう)話です at the end of the sentence.\nAlternatively, you can think something like (と)いうことであり is omitted after the と.\nSometimes と at the end of a sentence can be short for ということだ, という意味だ, という話だ,\netc.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T04:04:22.457", "id": "86392", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T04:04:22.457", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86366", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "V(masu form)+そうだ means \"one's own guess\". V+ようだ means \"an event or action that\nwill happen with high probability because of very reliable information\".\n\nFor example, you can say 雨が降りそうだ when you see the cloudy sky, but it's only\nyour guess. On the other hand, you can say 雨が降るようだ and you have already gotten\nthe information from the weather news.\n\nAs for your example, even if you got money, \"good things will happen\" is just\nyour own guess, not because of reliable information.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T04:01:37.097", "id": "86391", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T04:44:38.640", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T04:44:38.640", "last_editor_user_id": "7320", "owner_user_id": "7320", "parent_id": "86367", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "そうだ can describe a subjective \"hunch\" about the future based on non-visual or\nvague information. From [this\npage](http://viethuong.web.fc2.com/MONDAI/difficulty.html):\n\n> 様態の「～そうだ」は主として視覚的印象（外見からの判断）を述べる助動詞ですが、(snip)\n> **視覚でとらえられない動詞について漠然とした予想・予感の世界を表すようになります** 。(snip)\n>\n> * まだ会議は始まりそうもないから、コーヒーでも飲んできましょう。\n> * 戦争はまだまだ続きそうですねえ。\n> * ああ、寒い。風邪をひきそうだ。\n> * この仕事は今日中に終わりそうです。\n>\n\nIn such cases, there doesn't have to be objective reasoning or perceivable\nevidences; you intuitively feel so for whatever reason. Another example is\n楽しそう (\"Sounds fun!\") after hearing some exciting plan. This function of そうだ\ngoes very well with your example.\n\nOn the other hand, いいことがあるようです is not grammatically incorrect at all, but it\nusually sounds too strong or \"objective\". It sounds as if you strongly believe\nin the cause-effect relationship between お金を拾う and 今日いいことがある. If you had a\nsupernatural ability and have successfully predicted your future with a high\ndegree of accuracy, saying 何かいいことがあるようです would be perfectly natural.\n\nLikewise, 死にそうだ (\"I'm dying!\") is something one may use rather casually, but\n死ぬようだ (\"It appears that I am going to die\") sounds objective and thus very\nserious.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T07:15:25.487", "id": "86395", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T07:27:13.633", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T07:27:13.633", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86367", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "The most straightforward, and strict, interpretation would be:\n\n> Universities that held classes online last year due to the new coronavirus\n> problem **also** planned to increase classes that take students on campus (,\n> along with other universities that planned to do the same).\n\nGenerally. the particle も is added at the end of the thing you want to\n“include” in the same category as other things. In this case, it’s the whole\nof 「新しいコロナウイルスの問題で、去年はオンラインで授業をしていた大学」.\n\nStrictly speaking, though, this might not make much sense because universities\nthat _didn’t_ hold classes online due to the coronavirus last year wouldn’t\nincrease on-campus classes from this April. Even if some did, it should have\nlittle to do with the coronavirus. At least, that’s not what this article\nwants to talk about.\n\nI think the inclusive quality of も should be understood a bit less strictly in\nthis context. It implies that universities, or even other institutions,\nplanned to implement some changes. Those that held classes online last year\nwere **also** among them; they planned to increase on-campus classes from this\nApril.\n\nThe sentence doesn’t say anything about “some” or “all” among universities\nthat held classes online.\n\nAs you say, は would have added an unwanted nuance of exclusivity (even though\nit might have described the fact more accurately). If the article also talked\nabout universities that _didn’t_ hold classes online last year having planned\nto so some _other_ concrete things, then は might have been good to explain\nwhat those that _did_ planned to do in contrast.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-29T01:59:12.693", "id": "86369", "last_activity_date": "2021-12-31T04:14:39.433", "last_edit_date": "2021-12-31T04:14:39.433", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86368", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This も is fundamentally \"also\", \"too\" or \"as well\", but Japanese も can be used\nwithout explicitly mentioning \"the similar thing\" in previous sentences. In\nsuch cases, you can think of it as 'like others', 'among others', 'like\nsimilar examples we know', 'as usual', etc. This type of も is commonly used to\ndescribe an event that happens naturally over time. Here も is used because\neveryone knows that many other organizations had been planning to restart\nsocial activities.\n\nBy extension, も can even add an exclamatory feeling (see: [Odd use of も has me\nstumped](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32886/5010)). Just by saying も,\nit adds the feeling of \"that's the way things are, and this time is no\nexception\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T02:04:49.200", "id": "86386", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T02:04:49.200", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86368", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Transitivity is not important to determine the meaning of ている. It depends more\non the meaning of each verb:\n\n| progressive (\"is doing\") | perfect aspect (\"has done\") \n---|---|--- \n**transitive** | ～を食べている \nis eating ～ | ～を超えている \nhas surpassed ～ \n**intransitive** | 走っている \nis running | 死んでいる \nhas died (is dead) \n \nAs for 電気をつけています, つける is usually an easy instant action, so it can mean \"I've\n(already) turned on the light (of the room for you)\", but 電気をつけてあります is more\ncommon for this meaning. When there are many lights, 電気をつけています can mean\n\"(Currently) I'm turning on (all) the lights (on this floor)\" as well. It\ndepends on the context.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T04:38:20.533", "id": "86394", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T04:49:30.923", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T04:49:30.923", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86372", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Depending on the context, [電気]{でんき}をつけています may describe an ongoing action.\n(Lesson 14)\n\nWhen it describes a resulting state, it is different from [電気]{でんき}がついています in\nthat that state is as intented, from the speaker’s viewpoint.\n\n> [電気]{でんき}がついています。 \n> The lights are on.\n\n> [電気]{でんき}をつけています。 \n> We have the lights on (intentionally).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T10:23:08.580", "id": "86400", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T10:23:08.580", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86372", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "はさみ and ハサミ are both very common, and you can use whichever you prefer. はさみ is\ndefinitely not a loanword, but there are words that are conventionally written\nalso in katakana. Animal/plant names are the best-known example (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20840/5010) and\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/31148/5010)), but there are other\nsimilar words (カンナ, ノコギリ, メガネ, クルマ, ...). Experts and enthusiasts may tend to\nuse the katakana version more often, but it's hard to generalize. When in\ndoubt, you can use a corpus like\n[BCCWJ](https://ccd.ninjal.ac.jp/bccwj/en/index.html).\n\n鋏 is not a joyo-kanji, and it's no longer common in modern Japanese. Some\nnative speakers may not be able to read it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T02:58:46.073", "id": "86389", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T02:58:46.073", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86374", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "I find a very useful tool for this sort of question is\n[kanshudo.com](https://www.kanshudo.com/). If you look up a word there, and\nthen go to its \"Details\" page, it will list all the different ways the word\ncan be written and give a bunch of details about which forms appear to be used\nmost frequently, based on various corpus searches.\n\nSo if we look at [the kanshudo page for\nはさみ](https://www.kanshudo.com/word/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%95%E3%81%BF/1573820), it\ntells us that (based on various searches), it is written as はさみ about 35% of\nthe time, ハサミ about 30%, and for 鋏, it says \"this form is rarely used\".\n\nInterestingly, kanshudo also lists another form which you didn't mention, 剪刀.\nIt claims this form is also used around 30%, but looking at the search result\ndata it lists it actually shows it has about the same number of Google hits as\nthe \"rarely used\" 鋏, so I'm not sure where they're drawing that conclusion\nfrom. (My guess is that this form might be used heavily only in some specific\ncontexts or something). This does show one thing you should be a bit careful\nof with this site, though. You do sometimes want to look at the actual numbers\nlisted, not just the summary percentage.\n\nSo in conclusion, based on kanshudo's (automatically generated) data, はさみ, and\nハサミ are both used about equally, but 鋏 is not really used much (and in some\ncontexts, 剪刀 may be common too, but it's a bit unclear from just that site\nwhat those contexts are).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T01:41:02.263", "id": "86480", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T18:40:44.790", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-05T18:40:44.790", "last_editor_user_id": "35230", "owner_user_id": "35230", "parent_id": "86374", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In general, the original verb covers a much broader range of meanings than its\n取り counterpart. This means you would have to learn the specific sense of each\n取り verb, anyways. So I would suggest you continue treating them as separate\nwords.\n\nOf the examples you listed, I would recognize only 取り揃える and, to a lesser\ndegree, 取り仕切る as cases where 取り is used as a rather superfluous prefix. I\nmight add 取り扱う in this category. This does NOT mean the original verbs can be\nreplaced with their respective 取り counterparts with a little addition of\nformality. Most of the times, they cannot. Rather, those 取り verbs might be\nreplaced with their original versions without affecting the meaning much.\n\nFor example,\n\n> さまざまな商品を取り揃えております。\n\ncan be safely rephrased to:\n\n> さまざまな商品を揃えております。\n\nThe sole function of 取り in this example is just to sound formal and polite, I\nwould say.\n\nHowever, other verbs you listed have their own specific usages. For one, 取り戻す\nis not even close to 戻す. The original verb means “put something back to its\noriginal place”, whereas the one with 取り means “get something back (to you)”.\nThe object moves in the opposite direction. 取り here clearly retains the\noriginal sense of “grab”.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T01:24:17.670", "id": "86385", "last_activity_date": "2021-08-03T06:41:57.770", "last_edit_date": "2021-08-03T06:41:57.770", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86375", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "From\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2):\n\n> 日本における漢字表記では **濠太剌利** とされ、またそこから **濠洲**\n> （ごうしゅう）とも呼ばれる。「連邦」を付け濠洲連邦（濠洲聯邦）ということもある。「濠」「洲」は常用漢字の「豪」「州」を代用して\n> **豪太剌利・豪洲・豪州** と書くことも多い。\n\nYour previous confusion of 濠 and 豪 actually makes sense in this context, as\n「濠太剌利」「濠洲{ごうしゅう}」「豪洲{ごうしゅう}」are all\n[ateji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateji). Basically the idea is when a\nnon-Chinese foreign word like \"Australia\" comes to Japan, an attempt is made\nto phonetically represent the word with kanji, borrowing only the kanji's\npronunciations irrespective of their meanings.\n\nThe name for Australia was thus first introduced as 「濠太剌利」, shortened to 「濠洲」,\nand the two kanji, since they are not on the list of\n[常用漢字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji) (regular kanji),\nwere later replaced by two other similarly pronounced kanji on that list, 豪\nand 州. By the way the [さんずい](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%83%A8)\n(水部 [water radical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_85)) makes sense in\nthe context of Australia, because 洲 means or used to mean \"land surrounded by\nwater\". See the Wikipedia page on 「洲」vs.「州」:\n\n>\n> 洲とも書く。本来は州が中州を意味したが、州が行政区画も意味するようになったので、さんずいを加えて中州の意味を明らかにした字が洲である。しかし、古くから互いに通用できる。特に現代日本では、洲が常用漢字でないため、意味にかかわらず州と書くことが多い。\n\nThese days since 洲 is not on the list and thus not considered a regular kanji,\nit is replaced by 州 in almost all contexts except holdover place names.\n\nP.S.\n\nAs I am discussing the provenance of this word and its historical\npronunciation, I am reluctant to render it as 「濠太剌利{オーストラリア}」. I can't find a\nsource but I don't think it was originally pronounced オーストラリア. It is\npronounced as such these days for sure but it is very common that country\nnames vary without standardization when first introduced into a new language.\n剌利 was probably pronounced ラリ.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-29T18:03:01.520", "id": "86379", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-29T18:09:23.420", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-29T18:09:23.420", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "86376", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This っていう is basically just と言う, but it has a nuance here. With explanatory-\nno, と言うのだ is often used to add a \"this is unexpected/surprising/unwanted\" kind\nof mood (\"to my surprise\", \"even\", \"really\", \"!\", etc). You have asked about\nthis before:\n\n * [What does というのである mean here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/77795/5010)\n * [Is というのだ similar to \"in addition\"? Or it is \"they said\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/80737/5010)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-29T23:42:01.570", "id": "86381", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-29T23:42:01.570", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86377", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "総力戦っていうんじゃ is a contracted form of 総力戦というのでは, and ん (の) here could be\nunderstood as meaning 状況 (situation) or 条件 (condition). For me, this usage of\nという is not much different from that in a phrase such as 狂三という少女. 総力戦という状況\nmeans a situation that fits the description of “all-out war”. If the situation\nbecomes such that Kurumi will have to fight an all-out war against DEM, even\nshe would be at disadvantage.\n\n総力戦なんじゃ (総力戦なのでは) is OK, but this ん (の) seems a bit out of place because the\nspeaker is not explaining the current situation as 総力戦なんだ. She is talking\nabout a future possibility. 総力戦じゃ (総力戦では) sounds more natural to me.\n\n* * *\n\n**[EDIT]** \nThe effect of っていう (という) may be easier to explain using an example with こと\nthan ん (の).\n\n総力戦っていうんじゃ in that sentence is close in meaning to 総力戦ということになれば, whereas the\nequivalent expression for 総力戦じゃ would be 総力戦になれば. This reduces the difference\nto that of just 総力戦 and 総力戦ということ. While the former refers to the war itself,\nthe latter refers to a situation or circumstance where the label 総力戦 is\nfitting.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T00:51:56.100", "id": "86383", "last_activity_date": "2021-12-31T04:13:55.307", "last_edit_date": "2021-12-31T04:13:55.307", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86377", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "3次職 is \"third-class jobs\", \"tier 3 job classes\", \"rank 3 jobs\" or something\nlike this. Typically, it is a kind of job a character can choose after\nmastering some 2次職 or 上級職 (advanced job), and you often have to clear some 試練-\nlike event before actually upgrading your job. [Ragnarok\nOnline](http://renewal.playragnarok.com/gameguide/classes_index.aspx) is\nprobably one of the first games that popularized the term 3次職, but many games\nhave similar systems with varying names.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T01:01:58.517", "id": "86384", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T01:18:55.450", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T01:18:55.450", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86382", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I have heard such a saying several times, but it's not regarded as a\ntraditional proverb. It's more of a recurring joke, or a well-known\nsuperstition at most. I think almost no Japanese people seriously believe\nthis. Perhaps you can google with 風邪は人にうつすと治る for more about this (this is not\na fixed phrase, and no dictionary contains this).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T08:25:02.523", "id": "86398", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T08:42:19.460", "last_edit_date": "2021-04-30T08:42:19.460", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86397", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "買い込む is the most neutral of the three. It simply refers to the act of buying\nsomething in large quantities for future use. It may be for normal consumption\nand the stock may last only for a few days.\n\n買い溜め is usually used in this noun form, although the verb form 買い溜める is also\npossible. It refers to the act of buying something in large quantities and\nkeeping it in stock for some future event, such as a supply shortage, a price\nrise, and an emergency. 溜める means “to store” or “to save”.\n\n買い占め (noun) or 買い占める (verb) has connotations of buying something in more than\nfair amounts and at the expense of other buyers when the thing is in short\nsupply. 占める means “to occupy” and the same Chinese character is used in such\nwords as 独占 (monopoly) and 寡占 (oligopoly). 買い溜め, on the other hand, has no\nsuch connotation per se. I think this is the reason behind the choice of 買い占め\nfor “panic-buying”.\n\nUnlike 買い溜め, 買い占め has no sense of keeping the purchased items in stock,\nalthough they may remain unused for some time.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-04-30T17:02:59.310", "id": "86408", "last_activity_date": "2021-04-30T17:02:59.310", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86402", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "_EDIT_ : With some more research, I found the reason. As I expected, it's due\nto historical unification of JIS X kanji with Unicode codepoints. Here's a\n[GitHub thread](https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans/issues/35)\nabout the issue, including precisely the two characters you asked about.\n\nThe tl;dr is that the Japanese codepoints corresponding to those characters,\nwhich were unified with the Simplified Chinese characters, were narrow to\nbegin with, and so have stayed narrow in Japanese rendering in order to stay\ncompatible.\n\nCheck out Ken Lunde's answer:\n\n> The Japanese (JP) forms of U+5173 (uni5173-JP; CID+11297) and U+590D\n> (uni590D-JP; CID+14484) are intentionally narrow (they correspond to Adobe-\n> Japan1-6 kanji, which in turn correspond to JIS X 0213:2004 kanji,\n> specifically 2-03-08 and 2-05-27, respectively), and are referenced only by\n> the Japanese and Korean subset OTFs and Japanese and Korean OTC font\n> instances. (Note that these characters do not correspond to hanja in KS X\n> 1001 nor KS X 1002, so the Korean subset OTFs and Korean OTC font instances\n> are merely inheriting the default glyphs for Japanese, which is by design\n> and intentional.) They are also the default glyphs for the multilingual OTFs\n> because Japanese is the default language. If you check other Japanese fonts,\n> you'll see similarly narrow glyphs for these two characters.\n\nAs to _why_ : I could only venture a guess -- perhaps they were construed as\ncharacter parts in Japanese digital fonts; since these characters do not\nproperly exist in Japanese, just like 艹 or ⺝, they therefore don't have a\n\"proper\" square rendering.\n\nThe [CJK Radicals\nSupplement](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Unicode/CJK_Radicals_Supplement)\nsection of Unicode has many other radicals whose rendering doesn't quite look\n\"square\", because they are used to describe parts of full characters, without\nbeing full characters themselves.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T04:41:33.260", "id": "86413", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-01T04:49:45.147", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-01T04:49:45.147", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "86411", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "The basic meaning of それこそ is \"exactly _that_ \", but I think you're seeing a\nderivative usage of this. This type of それこそ is used in the context of\nreinforcing the speaker's opinion or correcting someone's knowledge by\nemphatically presenting an extreme-sounding fact or (counter-)example. It's\ninterchangeable with むしろ. The nuance is \"rather\", \"even\" or \"contrarily (to\nyour expectation)\".\n\n * 納豆なんて、日本ではそれこそ30円で買える。 \n(You may be thinking _natto_ is expensive but) in Japan, _natto_ is something\nyou can buy for (even) 30 yen.\n\n * もちろんその歌は知っています。それこそ子供のころから。 \nOf course I know that song. Actually, I've known it ever since I was a kid.\n\n * 実は彼は強いんです。それこそ、私ですら勝てないくらいですし。\n * いや、始めるなら早いほうがいい。それこそ今日から始めよう。\n * 彼なら合格するどころか、それこそ1位だって取れるだろう。\n\nRelated: [Can someone help break down\nそれこそ〜くらいには?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28642/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T13:24:14.917", "id": "86416", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-01T15:55:28.163", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-01T15:55:28.163", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86415", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "Both sentences would do perfectly fine without それこそ. We could say its sole\nfunction in these contexts is to add emphasis.\n\nIn the first example, the speaker emphasizes how much his friends have come to\nmean to him. He does so by saying, following それこそ, he cannot even imagine a\nlife without them now. It’s like saying they mean “precisely” _that_ much.\nWhat he said after それこそ was meant to back up his claim in a way the listener\ncould relate, because, in general, if one says he cannot imagine a life\nwithout something, that thing must be very important to him. It serves the\npurpose of emphasizing his point well.\n\nThe second example can be interpreted the same way. In this interpretation.\nthe narrator emphasizes Mio’s excellent linguistic skills by saying, following\nそれこそ, her level is on par with someone who has lived in Japan for years. She’s\n“precisely” _that_ good.\n\nHowever, I can think of another possibility. The sentence explains why Mio was\ngiven permission to go out. It implies it’s logical because of her\nqualifications. それこそ could also be understood as emphasizing the logicalness\nof the consequence (her obtaining permission) by giving a reference to what is\nalready known to the reader: she is very good at Japanese. She is “precisely”\n_that_ qualified.\n\nTo test this interpretation, I tried changing the position of それこそ as follows:\n\n> 家中にある本を読破した澪は、日本に何年も住んでいたレベルで言葉を操れるようになっていたし、 **それこそ**\n> 礼節やマナー、社会常識についてもある程度学習していたため、崇宮家のお目付役・真那から外出の許可が出たのだ。\n\nThis eliminates the possibility of the first interpretation because what\nfollows それこそ says nothing but vague ある程度 about the degree to which she has\nlearned manners. For the sentence to sound as natural to me, I would have to\nalready know either she is well mannered or good manners are among the\nconditions for permission to be granted. Otherwise, what follows それこそ doesn’t\nserve as a valid reference for the purpose of emphasizing the logicalness of\nher permission, or anything else.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T00:34:05.747", "id": "86430", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T00:41:56.007", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-02T00:41:56.007", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86415", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "「頭はクールに、ハートは苛烈に」 is not an existing idiom nor a cliché, but it does sound like\na catchy slogan because the corresponding verb is omitted. In this case, you\nmay think something like しよう or 保とう is omitted after each に. (This に is\ntechnically a particle that turns na-adjectives into adverbs (i.e., \"-ly\"),\nbut here it has a [resultative\nfunction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/55806/5010).)\n\nHere are similar examples. Words in parentheses are omitted verbs.\n\n * [日本を元気に](https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/release/202007152064) (しよう)\n * [最高のヒーローに](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/81005/5010) (なろう)\n * [オリンピックを東京に](https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200330/k00/00m/050/192000c) (招致しよう)\n * [手のひらを太陽に](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%B2%E3%82%89%E3%82%92%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E3%81%AB) (かざそう)\n\nSee Also:\n\n * [Does the particle \"を\" (wo) have a special use when at the end of a sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1209/5010)\n * [Is it a right interpretation of the line of this Japanese song?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38210/5010)\n * [can を comes at the end of a sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76328/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T17:03:05.833", "id": "86418", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-01T17:23:29.440", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-01T17:23:29.440", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86417", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Here 「ところ」is just used metaphorically as a point in time or a juncture in\nevents. Have you seen/heard something like:\n\n> 恐怖が終わるところから人生が始まる \n> Life begins where fear ends\n\nSee, they even made a\n[shirt](https://www.amazon.co.jp/MAOAV-%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E3%81%8C%E7%B5%82%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F%E3%81%8C%E5%A7%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E3%83%A2%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AFT%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%84%E3%82%92%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99/dp/B08L6684V4)\nwith these words.\n\n> 問題を知るところから始まる\n\nJust means: \"(something) begins when the problem is understood.\" Possibly the\nomitted subject could be \"our task\" or \"the real issue\". For example, \"The\nreal work only begins when we understand the problem.\"", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T19:08:24.370", "id": "86423", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-01T19:08:24.370", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "86420", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Grammatically, 学校任せ here should be understood as a noun/な-adjective. It has\nthe same construction as 人任せ, which is listed in dictionaries as a\nnoun/な-adjective.\n\n> 子供の教育は学校任せにすべきじゃない。\n\nhas a slightly different nuance from\n\n> 子供の教育は学校に任せるべきじゃない。\n\nas 学校任せ, like 人任せ, has connotations of rather complete dependence.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T22:45:48.177", "id": "86427", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-01T22:45:48.177", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86421", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Well, the 連用形 of most verbs can be used as nouns (called 'deverbal nouns')\nand/or noun elements in compound nouns.\n\n * Examples of deverbal nouns:「話(し)」「考え」「思い」「歩き」「泳ぎ」 (The list goes on and on.)\n\n * Examples of noun elements in compounds:「思い出話」「素人考え」「親思い」「一人歩き」「背泳ぎ」(The list goes on and on.)\n\n「任せ」 is not quite like the examples above, in that it is not normally used as\na stand-alone noun (though there is「お任せ」) , but it is quite productive as a\nnoun element in compounds, such as 「運任せ」「力任せ」「他人任せ」 and even something like\n「田中さん任せ」.\n\nSo 「学校任せ」 is just a compound noun phrase, nothing disturbing.\n\nNow you may be able to see that 「学校任せにする」 is an instance of the pattern 「NP +\nにする」, meaning \"(to) turn something into NP\" or \"(to) put something into a\nstate of NP\". (I guess the literal translation of 「子供の教育を学校任せにする」 would be\nsomething like \"(to) put the education of children into a state of leave-it-\nto-schools.)\n\nIt should also be noted that there is a slight different in meaning between\n「NP任せにする」 and 「NPに任せる」. The former often implies leaving most (or all) of a\ngiven responsibility to NP when you should take more (or at least some) part\nof it, whereas the latter carries no such implication. Thus:\n\n「子供の教育は学校任せにすべきじゃない」 sounds closer to \"We should not leave the education of\nchildren all to schools. (Parents should be responsible too.) \"\n\nwhile\n\n「子供の教育は学校に任せるべきじゃない」 sounds closer to \"We should not leave the education of\nchildren to schools (because schools are not to be trusted with such a\nresponsibility).\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T22:49:01.293", "id": "86428", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-01T22:49:01.293", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "11575", "parent_id": "86421", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "The Kanji Learner's Course lists this kanji with the keyword \"drawing\". It's\nnot strictly the meaning of the kanji, but most of the time words containing 図\nwill be related to that meaning. Kanji, in general, don't have a meaning\ndirectly translatable to English.\n\nSome examples: \n図書館 (toshokan) Library \n図鑑 (zukan) Pictorial book \n図表 (zuhyou) Diagram", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T19:40:32.557", "id": "86424", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T02:29:08.270", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-02T02:29:08.270", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "43772", "parent_id": "86422", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "図 (\"zu\") is a word that primarily refers to technical diagrams and\nillustrations. A typical 図 is something shown in [this\npage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagram):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AkEif.png)\n\nTechnical illustrations are also 図, but artistic illustrations are not.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uixDw.png)\n\nThe English word \"figure\" [has many meanings](https://www.merriam-\nwebster.com/dictionary/figure). 図 refers to \"figure\" as in \"This research\npaper has one table and four figures\".\n\n* * *\n\nSo the first thing you have to do is **check if you're really making a 図**\nlike the ones shown above.\n\nHowever, even if you're actually making 図, that's not enough. Technically\nspeaking, \"zumal\" is a\n[portmanteau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portmanteau), but 図 is a very\nshort word. It's very unlikely that anyone who is familiar with both English\nand Japanese will notice your intention by looking at this word. If that's not\na problem to you, go ahead, but if you're thinking of using \"zumal\" as a\ncatchy title, you may want to reconsider.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T03:44:01.650", "id": "86434", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T03:56:42.693", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-02T03:56:42.693", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86422", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Chess is always called チェス in modern Japanese. 西洋将棋 would simply sound\nconfusing. Someone who heard 西洋将棋 may wonder if you are referring to something\nother than that chess everyone knows. According to\n[青空文庫全文検索](https://myokoym.net/aozorasearch/), チェス was already the default\nword 100 years ago.\n\nAs for xiangqi, this game itself is little-known, so I can say almost nothing\nfrom my personal experience. According to Wikipedia, シャンチー, 象棋, 中国将棋 and 中国象棋\nare used. Japanese xiangqi players mainly use シャンチー, but if the listener\ndoesn't know xiangqi (which is likely), 中国将棋 should be a reasonable option.\n\nUnsurprisingly, as an umbrella term for chess-like games, English speakers say\n[\"chess-\nlike\"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abstract_strategy_games#Chess_and_chess-\nlike_games), Japanese speakers say [\"shogi-like\"\n(将棋類)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E9%A1%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7#%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%96%E3%81%AE%E5%B0%86%E6%A3%8B%E9%A1%9E),\nand Chinese speakers say [\"xiangqi-like\"\n(象棋類)](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B#%E8%88%87%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%A3%8B%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T02:37:35.520", "id": "86432", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T02:37:35.520", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86425", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Not sure if you've noticed but there is a similar phrase that occurs in your\nvideo clip prior to the line you are asking about.\n\n> A: そんなに笑うことないだろ\n>\n> B: だって、お前初デートで本屋はないだろ\n\nThese two lines employ similar grammar structures. 「することはない」means there is no\nneed to do something. See [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1594/30454) for example. You\ndidn't ask about this construction so I guess you may be familiar with it.\n\nThe second one, which you are asking about, is structurally and semantically\nsimilar.「～はない」structurally tells us the thing being discussed doesn't usually\nhappen or shouldn't happen. A similar phrase is「それはない」, see\n[デジタル大辞泉（小学館）](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%85%B6%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84/):\n\n> 相手の言動を強く非難・否認するときに用いる言葉。それはいけないよ。それはだめだよ。「今日になって行けないなんて、其れはないでしょう」\n\nAlso this structure is often followed by 「でしょう」「だろう」. Your line at issue can\nbe rendered as\n\n> (Because) nobody goes to a bookstore on a first day.\n\nIf you look at the first structure, it shares the same pattern. Although in\nEnglish there is a difference between \"You shouldn't do that\" and \"You don't\nneed to do that,\" in Japanese that distinction is more refined and context-\ndependent. I feel like it behooves this discussion to quote Tsuyoshi Ito's\nwords from that answer:\n\n> I wrote “on its face value” because if someone chooses to say that something\n> is unnecessary, it is often because he/she actually thinks that something\n> should not be done.\n> ([source](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1594/30454))", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-01T23:15:44.077", "id": "86429", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-01T23:15:44.077", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30454", "parent_id": "86426", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "もちろん、「二日」「２日」「ふつか」のように書くほうがわかりやすくて一般的だと思いますが、あえて数字とひらがなを混ぜて書くとしたら、「２か」「二か」「２かかん」「二かかん」などのようにすると思います。（試しにパソコンで「２か」「２かかん」と打つと「二日」「二日間」に変換されますが、「２つか」「２つかかん」と打つと「二日」「二日間」に変換されません。）", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T02:49:14.220", "id": "86433", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T02:54:35.103", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-02T02:54:35.103", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "86431", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "＞それとも、ひらがなで書くと必ず数字と混ぜない決まりはありますか？\n\n特に決まりはありません。\n\n＞例えば子供がひらがなで日記を書いたら日付をどうやって書きますでしょうか？\n\n子供の年齢にもよりますが、６歳未満、つまり小学校入学前の場合、「ついたち ふつか」という言い方自体に抵抗がありますので、日記帳などを見ると\n\n（ がつ にち）\n\nとあり、単純にその中に数字を入れます。\n\n小学校に入ると、一年生で漢字を習うとともに「ついたち」「ふつか」という読みを習います。この時点で、黒板にある四月三日に しがつ みっか\n等と読み仮名を書くとことから始まります。\n\nつまり、幼少期は ４ がつ ３ にち でＯＫです。小学校で漢字を習ったら、四月三日と書いてしがつみっか、と読めるようになりましょう。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T05:02:51.200", "id": "86435", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T05:02:51.200", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14444", "parent_id": "86431", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "事に is not placed at the end of the sentence. The full sentence is\n\n> あまり物騒な事に首 **を** 突っ込んだらダメよ\n\n[XXXに首を突っ込む](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E9%A6%96%E3%82%92%E7%AA%81%E3%81%A3%E8%BE%BC%E3%82%80)\nis a set phrase. It means \"to meddle into something.\" It is almost equivalent\nto English's \"poke your nose into something that is none of your business.\"\n\nYou can understand the sentence as\n\n> It's bad to excessively poke your nose into dangerous things.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T06:35:13.357", "id": "86440", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T08:51:33.043", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-02T08:51:33.043", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "41067", "parent_id": "86437", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]

[ { "body": "The cause is most likely that your font setting (of a program or OS) have gone\nwrong. As far as I can see the said character in the input box looks rendered\nwith a Chinese font.\n\nThe glyph you see and the intended Japanese one share the same meaning and the\nsame code point in Unicode ([Han\nunification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification)). Thus computers\ncannot tell which is which binary-wise, and it is a font's responsibility to\nrender it correctly according to the locale.\n[Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AA%A4) usually provides useful\ninformation regarding regional variants.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3oapR.png)\n\nOf course, it does not mean that those shapes are interchangeable, and you\nwill be deemed miswritten if you write it in the first form in Japan. You will\nhave to change the font somehow, but how to actually fix it can be only\nexplained on a case-by-case basis (and I'm not sure it's in the scope of this\nsite).\n\n**PS** \nThe effect of Han unification is not always logically consistent, as it had to\ndeal with backward compatibility with existing standards in each country. For\nexample, the right side component alone 呉 is separately encoded for all China,\nTaiwan/Korea, and Japan standard variations, so you wouldn't be caught in the\nsame situation simply by font corruption.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tNNQH.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mJqaz.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6U9k2.png)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-02T11:25:54.603", "id": "86443", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-02T12:24:52.190", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-02T12:24:52.190", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "86442", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]

[ { "body": "She says それでは [soredewa] and it means “then”. In this context, それ [sore]\n(“that”) doesn’t refer to anything in particular.\n\nI can see why you heard it as それねは [sorenewa]. She speaks with a nasal voice\nthroughout.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T01:03:35.930", "id": "86449", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T01:03:35.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86444", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In a case like this, there is not much difference between 潜って(は)きた and\n潜ってきて(は)いる. Both sentence say nothing about the future. But the more important\nthe result of this event in the past is now, the more often the ている form will\nbe chosen. See my previous answer here: [Why is a verb in the past (た形)\ncontradicted with ～ていない?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42242/5010)\n\nOn the other hand, ていた is the \"past perfect\" conjugation, and it's different\nfrom the simple past tense or the present perfect aspect. See: [Is 寝る a\nstative or active verb?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57193/5010)\n\n * 改善されてきていた。 \n**had** improved (over time up until some time point in the past) \n(The improvement had happened in the past and its results was important in the\npast)\n\n * 改善されてきた。 \nimproved / **has** improved (over time up until now) \n(The improvement was happening until now and its results is important now)\n\n * 改善されてきている。 \n**has** improved (over time up until now)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T13:44:46.387", "id": "86454", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T13:44:46.387", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86450", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "〜てきた and 〜てきている are not much different. They are mostly interchangeable.\n\nHowever, I detect a slight difference in that the former seems to focus on the\nchanges or experiences the subject (Ryoko in your example) has undergone,\nwhile the latter seems to focus on a certain property the subject has taken on\nthrough those changes or experiences. Ryoko is a veteran of sorts as a\nmagician now.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T14:02:15.770", "id": "86455", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T14:02:15.770", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86450", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This ～かと思えば means something happens right after something. Or in this context,\nit describes two things are happening almost at the same time.\n\n * [Use of かと思ったら / かと思うと (in the context of as soon as, just when)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/75021/5010)\n * [【JLPT N2 Grammar】〜かと思うと / 〜かと思えば / 〜かと思ったら](https://nihongo-net.com/2020/04/26/jlptn2-katoomouto/)\n * [Learn JLPT N2 Grammar: かと思ったら/かと思うと (ka to omottara/ka to omou to)](https://japanesetest4you.com/flashcard/learn-jlpt-n2-grammar-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8A%E3%82%82%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8A%E3%82%82%E3%81%86%E3%81%A8-ka-to-omottaraka-to-omou-to/)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T12:18:47.483", "id": "86452", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T12:18:47.483", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86451", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Without the context, 兄に確認される could be interpreted in two ways: either (1) the\nbrother checks something, or (2) someone asks the brother to verify some\ninformation.\n\nIn this particular case, the latter seems to be the case.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T14:35:31.660", "id": "86457", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T14:35:31.660", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86456", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I suspect you haven't got round to learning the Japanese characters yet. In\nthe page you are looking at there are only four different meanings for the\nword 'senji'. The other sixteen are different words. Furthermore, if you look\nat the kanji 戦時, 潜時, 選時, 宣旨 you'll see that they are four words with\ncompletely different spellings.\n\nThat being said Japanese does have a lot of homophones and the primary way to\ndistinguish between them is context as you noted.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T16:34:38.463", "id": "86459", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T16:34:38.463", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "86458", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I have a feeling 生まれ変わる is referring to reincarnation. If there is such a\nthing as her being reincarnated and coming back into this world, he wants to\ntell her, don't be late (come back soon).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-03T21:27:39.373", "id": "86462", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-03T21:27:39.373", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43800", "parent_id": "86461", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "生まれ変わることがあるなら doesn’t itself say who’s the one to be reborn. It could be\neither (1) him, (2) her, (3) a third person, or (4) a person in general. The\ncontext seems to rule out the first and third options.\n\nIf he had said 生まれ変わるなら, instead, we could safely rule out the fourth option,\ntoo, because we would expect a subject to be specified in that case, as in\n人が生まれ変わるなら.\n\nSupposing it's her, compared to 生まれ変わるなら, 生まれ変わることがあるなら carries a sense of\n“ever”. It’s like saying “if such a thing (her rebirth) is ever possible.”", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-04T02:18:15.153", "id": "86464", "last_activity_date": "2021-12-31T04:08:11.940", "last_edit_date": "2021-12-31T04:08:11.940", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86461", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "【で】\n\n> チーターは、地球上 **で** 、もっとも足の速い陸上動物だ。\n\nで in this sentence doesn’t indicate a location where some action takes place.\nIts function is to delimit the scope of comparison. It is used in a sentence\nthat expresses the comparative (“more”, “better”, etc.) or superlative\n(“most”, “best”, etc.) degree, such as this one, which contains the\nsuperlative adverb もっとも.\n\nYour other example, with 一番, also fits in this category.\n\n> 私は地球上 **で** 一番幸せな男だ。\n\nIn these particular examples, what comes before で just happens to be a place\nbut it doesn’t have to be, as you can see in the following, rephrased\nsentence.\n\n> 地球上の陸上動物（の中） **で** 、チーターがもっとも足が速い。\n\nで here limits the scope of comparison to (all) land animals on Earth.\n\nThe scope can be much narrower, as in the following sentence with a\ncomparative.\n\n> ライオンとチーター **で** は、チーターの方が足が速い。\n\nHere the comparison is limited to between the lion and the cheetah.\n\nIn the following sentence, で _does_ indicate a location where some action\n(生きる) takes place (except it doesn’t, because the sentence is negative).\n\n> 空気が無ければ、我々は地球上 **で** 生きられないだろう。\n\n【に】 \n\nに doesn’t work in your sentence because it should be used to indicate a\nlocation where something exists or is present.\n\nNote that the following sentences, with the verb ある, both talk about the\nexistence of something.\n\n> 地球上 **に** はたくさんの文化がある。\n\n> 地球上 **に** は７つの大陸がある。\n\nAnd the following talks about the absence of something.\n\n> もし太陽がなければ、地球上 **に** 生命はないだろう。\n\nYour first sentence, on the other hand, doesn’t talk about the existence or\npresence of a cheetah or cheetahs in any place. It states that cheetahs, which\nare already known to exist on Earth, are the fastest within a particular\nscope. に doesn’t go well with such a statement.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-04T05:00:11.303", "id": "86469", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-07T00:29:56.637", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-07T00:29:56.637", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86466", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "As others pointed out, this is a case of omission. In Japanese, if the intent\nof the statement is free of ambiguity, you can cut out the rest.\n\n> いつの間に【この子は】こんな【に】自立した子に【なったのだろう 】。【私は】うれしいような悲しいような【気持ちです】。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-08T04:04:01.113", "id": "86538", "last_activity_date": "2022-01-27T04:33:40.853", "last_edit_date": "2022-01-27T04:33:40.853", "last_editor_user_id": "30454", "owner_user_id": "14444", "parent_id": "86467", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "They must have coined that term to sound like [捜索者]{そうさくしゃ}, which means a\nperson who searches for something or someone, often a missing person. The\nfirst character of the neologism is also pronounced そう and it is used in such\nwords as [想像]{そうぞう} (imagination) and [空想]{くうそう} (daydream). Though no such\nword as 想索 exists, when native speakers see those Chinese characters, we\nunderstand it as some act of searching that involves some mental activity. 想索者\nis a person who does that, whatever it is.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-04T11:09:23.263", "id": "86473", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-07T00:29:14.490", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-07T00:29:14.490", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86471", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "You can say either\n\n> [好]{す}きになった。\n\nor\n\n> [今]{いま}は[好]{す}きだ。\n\n[好]{す}きに in the first sentence is the adverbial form of the な-adjective\n[好]{す}き, and なる is a verb that means “to become”. It is closer in construction\nto “I have become fond of it” than to “I like it now”.\n\nThe second sentence is a more literal translation of “I like it now”.\n\nI used the plain style above (because you did in すきじゃなかった). If you prefer the\nです/ます-style, you would have to modify the ending of the sentences.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-04T13:28:21.220", "id": "86475", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-04T13:28:21.220", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86472", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "You can do basically something similar to English.\n\n「今夜のコンサートがすごーく楽しみです！」(I think this is a slightly more natural phrasing)\n\nYou can also use すっごく or すんごく (and honestly I think this way is more common in\nthis particular situation). とても can be emphasized as とっても.\n\nYou can also add in more, like すんんごく楽しみ or よーーーくわかる, but this may start to\nlook a little silly.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T03:17:17.723", "id": "86482", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T04:02:03.347", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-05T04:02:03.347", "last_editor_user_id": "9971", "owner_user_id": "9971", "parent_id": "86481", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "You sometimes see people use katakana to emphasise 今夜のコンサートメッチャ楽しみしているsuch as\nin the title of this random video\nメッチャすごいフィギュア見つけた！https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmmJzNu7cyI", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T06:18:33.857", "id": "86485", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T06:18:33.857", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43821", "parent_id": "86481", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "(Note I'm answering my own question in Q&A style since I thought this would be\nneat to share.)\n\nIn order to explain this properly, I have to go into a bit of grammar first,\nincluding Old Japanese, but towards the end it'll be clear how it all\nconnects.\n\nSo in English, we form to-be sentences like \"This is an apple.\" The structure\nof this sentence is S V C, or subject (this) verb (is) complement (an apple).\nThis isn't the same as S V O (subject verb object), because for technical\nreasons, \"is\" takes a complement and not an object.\n\nIn modern Japanese, there is a similar phenomena. In the sentence 私は先生である (\"I\nam a teacher\"), you can actually pick out a subject, verb, and complement. The\nsubject is 私は (I), which also functions as the topic, the complement is 先生で (a\nteacher), and the verb is ある (am / exists). You might say that the verb is not\nある but である, but if you think about it, である is very unlike other verbs because\nit attaches directly to a noun, while other verbs require the noun to have a\nparticle. This is actually because the particle で is built into the verb である,\nso really で is the word that attaches to the noun and ある is the verb at the\nend of the sentence. This also explains why you can say ではある or でさえある with a\nparticle between で and ある.\n\nIn Old Japanese, the situation was very similar, except that instead of である,\nyou had にあり. に was used instead of で, and ある conjugated irregularly with a\nsentence final form of あり. にあり was more commonly said as なり, which is just a\ncontraction of the sounds. So a sentence like 私は先生なり would be the old Japanese\nequivalent of 私は先生である (albeit with modern vocabulary). Grammatically, the\nsubject of this sentence is 私は, the complement is 先生に, and the verb is あり.\n\nNow, what about a statement like, \"I am a teacher. But he is not.\" If we look\nclosely, the grammatical breakdown is \"S V C. But S V-negative.\" The\ncomplement (a teacher) completely disappeared from the second sentence because\nit's clear from context. \"I am a teacher. But he is not a teacher,\" would also\nbe grammatical, but it sounds wordy / redundant with the complement included.\n\nIn modern Japanese, the same statement (I am a teacher. But he is not.) can be\nrendered 私は先生である。けれど、彼は先生ではない, but notice that we repeat the word 先生 twice.\nThis doesn't grate on Japanese ears as much as it does on English ones, but we\ncould avoid repetition if instead we said 私は先生である。けれど、彼はそうではない. In both of\nthese cases, the sentence structure is \"S C V. But S C V-negative.\" Notice\nthat unlike English, we cannot eliminate the complement (先生で / そうで). We could\nattempt to say けれど、彼はない, but this would simply be misinterpreted because it is\nunusual to omit the NOUNで part of NOUNである.\n\nHowever, in Old Japanese, it was completely possible to omit the NOUNに part of\nNOUNにあり. So, the sentence can be rendered 私は先生なり。されど、彼はあらず (あらず is the\nnegative of あり). Notice that we don't have to say 彼は先生にあらず and can omit the\n先生に part completely. The structure of this sentence is thus \"S C V. But S\nV-negative.\" This can be equated with the English structure, which was \"S V C.\nBut S V-negative.\" Notice that the second sentence of both English and Old\nJapanese has the same structure.\n\nSo, in Old Japanese, あり / あらず could mean \"is (so)\" / \"is not\", functioning as\nNOUNにあり / NOUNにあらず with the NOUNに part omitted due to it being clear from\ncontext.\n\nFor the sake of giving a \"native\" example written by someone from the era,\nhere is a quote from Makura no Soushi:\n\n> 「翁丸(おきなまろ)か」とだに言へば、よろこびてまうで来るものを、呼べど寄り来ず。 **あらぬ**\n> なめり」（「翁丸か」とさえ言えば、（いつもは）よろこんでやってくるのに、呼んでも寄って来ない。翁丸じゃないようだ。）\n\n> \"If I just said, 'Is it you, Okinamaro? (dog's name)' he would come happily\n> to me. But yet, although I call him, he does not come near. (I thought it\n> was him, but) It would seem _**it isn't**_.\"\n\nIn this case, あらぬ (attributive form of あらず) stands for 翁丸にあらぬ / 翁丸ならぬ \"It\nisn't Okinamaro.\" So in essence, あらず would mean それじゃない / そうじゃない in modern\nJapanese.\n\nThis usage of あらず further evolved to mean \"it isn't it\" \"it's different\", and\ncould be used before nouns as あらぬ to mean \"a different\" \"another\".\n\nAgain from Makura no Soushi:\n\n> 「則隆(のりたか)なめりとて、見やりたれば、 **あらぬ** 顔なり」（則隆だろうと思って、見やったら、違う顔だった）\n\n> \"When I turned to look, thinking it must be Noritaka, it was _**a\n> different**_ face.\"\n\nSo, through this process, あらぬNOUN came to mean \"a different NOUN\", and thus\nあらぬ方向 came to mean \"a different direction\".\n\n_Sources: Japanese examples and the etymology of あらぬ are from 古典文法総覧 by 小田 勝.\nModern translations, English and Japanese, are originals of mine, but I\nrelease them to the public domain and welcome anyone to edit / improve them._", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T05:01:10.380", "id": "86484", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T06:27:41.283", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-05T06:27:41.283", "last_editor_user_id": "22756", "owner_user_id": "22756", "parent_id": "86483", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

[ { "body": "This あんまり is a na-adjective that means \"too harsh/cruel/extreme\" or \"more than\nsomeone deserves\". It's typically used when someone needs to be punished but\nits degree is too much. It's a variation of\n[余り](https://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%99%E3%82%8A), but I personally think it's\nbetter to think of this as a different na-adjective that derived from あまり.\nPeople rarely say あまりだぜ in the context in question.\n\nI don't know what this god is trying to do, but 俺は俺のもんだ means something like\n\"I own myself\" or \"I belong to myself\", assuming you have copied it correctly.\nMaybe this god is trying to take something from this guy.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T08:36:14.703", "id": "86487", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T08:43:12.707", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-05T08:43:12.707", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "86486", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "As C1 wants to get sweets for the reward of showing around a magic school.\n\nIt depends on the way of C2 saying though, it should be “shrewd” or\n“calculating” for the magicians‘ personality.\n\nProbably “shrewd” fits in the context since “捻くれた“ has been used after that.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T14:49:07.950", "id": "86490", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T14:49:07.950", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34735", "parent_id": "86489", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Depending on the context, きっちり could be translated as “tight”, “exact”,\n“punctual”, “proper”, etc.\n\nIf someone is described as キッチリした性格の人, she would most likely be dressed\nneatly, keep things well organized, make plans meticulously, follow rules\nstrictly, never be late to appointments, etc. In short, she is the opposite of\nいい加減な人.\n\nAs C2 has learned, C1 and her colleagues are not that kind of people. Yet she\ndidn’t forget to ask for a reward for her small favor to C2. C2 saw キッチリ-ness\nin that.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T15:19:38.557", "id": "86491", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-05T15:19:38.557", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86489", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It is a less formal variation of それはそれとして.\n\nHe doesn't have a definite answer if anyone asks how going out with someone\nalone and having a date with her are different, but, **that aside** , he still\nwants Mio to think she is having a date with him.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2021-05-05T16:14:55.507", "id": "86493", "last_activity_date": "2021-05-07T00:27:51.530", "last_edit_date": "2021-05-07T00:27:51.530", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "86492", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]