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p1atdev

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japanese-stackexchange

like 2

[ { "body": "For the sentence per se, your understanding is correct.\n\nThe preceding question of MC suggests that the speaker won't arrive in time\nleaving (as late as) around the evening. The bold part implies that a knight\nlike her is not as slow as a fortune teller and can make it (even if leaving\nmuch later than the fortune teller).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-22T23:45:48.763", "id": "98686", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-22T23:45:48.763", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98675", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There probably isn't a great translation, but it does mean something along the\nlines of \"impetus\" here. We don't know exactly why the character is here, but\nwe do know that she did get here by \"going along with the flow\" somehow.\n\nLet's pretend there's some kind of flow of water, then the 勢い would be the\nmomentum of that water. If some action was done 勢いで, then it might have been\ncarried by the momentum that the previous actions/events have already built\nup.\n\nIn other words, there might not have been much thought put into an action done\n勢いで. In your example, she might have not actively made the decision to be\nthere, but was instead carried there along by some past chain of\nactions/events.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-22T19:34:55.327", "id": "98681", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-22T19:34:55.327", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "98676", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "First of all, both Urayamashii and Netamashii are more like envious than\njealous. If you want something that another person already has, you are\nenvious.\n\nIn any case, Netamashii is negative and Urayamashii is positive. You can say\nto your friend that you feel urayamashii toward her/him for his/her gorgeous\nhouse, for example. That statement acts as a praise to her/him.\n\nOn the other hand, you feel Netamashii toward a person whom you dislike. You\ncan say Netamashii to your friend only as a joke. In such a case, your friend\nwill regard your Netamashii as synonymous with Urayamashii.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-22T18:43:34.153", "id": "98679", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-22T18:43:34.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9983", "parent_id": "98677", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "It's a part of [ても/でも meaning \"even if\"](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-\njapanese-grammar/%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82-temo-meaning/). So the literal translation\nof ムダっていわなくても is \"even if you don't say (it's a) waste...\". As usual, the\nfinal part of the sentence has been omitted, but it's usually (ムダって言わなくても)\n**いい**. Thus the sentence roughly means \"You don't have to say (it's a)\nwaste\".\n\nDepending on the context, this sentence implies something like this:\n\n * I know it's a waste, so you don't have to say that to me! I'm doing this on purpose!\n * It may be a waste, but saying that without reservation is too harsh!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T03:00:16.733", "id": "98765", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T03:00:16.733", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98682", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It is not progressive but perfect aspect. So a translation could be _Fuuka has\ndrawn [done the favor of drawing] me(Yotsuba)_.\n\nSimilar examples may help understand.\n\n * 目が覚めると日がすっかり昇っていた When I woke up, the sun had risen completely.\n * 家に帰ると妻が夕食を用意してくれていた When I came home, my wife had prepared dinner.\n\nThe second one can be progressive (my wife was preparing dinner), but for the\nparticular example of Yotsuba&, it refers to the past act of drawing Yotsuba\nby Fuuka and hence unambiguous.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-22T23:38:19.967", "id": "98685", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-22T23:38:19.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98683", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "[尻に敷く](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B0%BB%E3%81%AB%E6%95%B7%E3%81%8F) is\nalmost always used in the figurative sense listed in any dictionary. Think of\na wife \"spreading\" her husband **under** , not on, her buttocks. When it's\nused in a literal sense, too, the thing is under your buttocks. You can think\nof things like 座布団. So the translation is not wrong.\n\nAs for how to express the idea of accidentally sitting on something, 〜 **の上**\nに座ってしまった sounds more natural, or more accidental, than 〜に座ってしまった. Combined\nwith つい, your sentence sounds as though you couldn't help sitting on the cat,\nknowingly. If you want to add the meaning of \"without knowing it\" to emphasize\nit was an accident, you can use 知らずに instead of つい.\n\nIf you fell on something the buttocks first, you can also say 〜の上に／で尻もちをついた.\nThis もち is 餅. I think the use of the verb つく is from 餅をつく.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-23T01:39:05.313", "id": "98687", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-23T01:39:05.313", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "98684", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The で is simple _with_ just like the following.\n\nSuppose you are wondering which of iPad and iPad pro to buy, and get the\nfollowing advice.\n\n * ウェブを見るだけなら、iPadで大丈夫ですよ.\n * If you use it just for web-surfing, you should be okay **with** iPad.\n\nご相談からで parses as (ご相談+から)+で, which literally means _with from consulting_.\nEssentially it says you can just consult first (\"it is okay _with (starting)\nfrom consultation_ \") although I'm not clear about how it reduces the\ntime/requires less time for busy people.\n\n* * *\n\nA similar thing in English would be something like _from behind_ , in the\nsense that two prepositions are used consecutively (in the example in\nJapanese, particles as post-position are used consecutively).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-24T09:41:26.393", "id": "98702", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-24T09:41:26.393", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98689", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "など [can directly follow a\nverb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74001/5010) and form something like\na suru-verb. For example, 食べるなどを行う and 食べるなどする are both correct and mean \"do\nthings such as eating\". 政党の運営の基本単位になるなどを行う組織 means \"an organization that,\namong other things, serves as the basic unit for managing a political party.\"\n\nThat said, 行う is a verb meaning \"perform; carry out\", and it's used with a\ntask with a beginning and an end. 基本単位になることを行う sounds awkward to me.\n政党の運営の基本単位になるなどする組織 would have been better.\n\n(I got an impression that the original sentence is not very organized.\n政党の執行部を担当もしくは目標とする in the middle makes little sense to me...)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-24T01:58:10.357", "id": "98699", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-24T02:03:16.787", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-24T02:03:16.787", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98691", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I think the answer is generally no.\n\nThe 5 in the sticker does mean 令和5年 as you understand, but usually if the year\nindicates that of a Japanese era (昭和, 平成, 令和 etc), they are shown as such. The\nstickers are exceptions.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-23T23:07:38.817", "id": "98697", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-23T23:07:38.817", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98692", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "The kanji 年 is a generic \"unit\" for year, just as 月 is for month and 日 is for\nday of the month. 年 is used regardless of the era or the calendar type. The\ncalendar type or the era name can be specified before the number:\n\n * 紀元前3000年 = 3000 B.C.\n * 西暦2023年 = 2023 A.D.\n * 昭和48年 = Showa 48\n * 令和5年 = Reiwa 5\n * 宇宙世紀78年 = [Universal Century](https://gundam.fandom.com/wiki/Universal_Century) 0078\n\nIn your case, it is a convention to use the Japanese era system in these\nvehicle inspection stickers, and the era name (令和) is not explicitly\nspecified. In other words, all you can do is remember that it's in Reiwa. This\nsystem works because we understand these stickers are valid only for a few\nyears. In other business fields, such a convention is clearly confusing, so\npeople just use the Western calendar (2023年) or explicitly add the era name\n(令和5年, or R5 for short).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-24T00:51:46.213", "id": "98698", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-24T00:57:32.763", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-24T00:57:32.763", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98692", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The script in the top screenshot is\n[Siddhaṃ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script) or 梵字{ぼんじ},\noften used in Japanese media as a placeholder for arcane Buddhist magic, just\nas [Futhark runes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes#Runic_alphabets) might\nbe used in Western media.\n\nIt originated as the form of the Indic script transmitted to Japan via\nBuddhist texts in the 9th century. As such, these are _not_ related to Shinto\nand are instead seen in Buddhist contexts, although certainly I'd expect some\nlicense when it comes to their use in the context of games.\n\nWhile I can recognise the script, I cannot read it and so I couldn't identify\nwhether the text on the stone legitimately says anything or not. However, the\nlarge glyph at the top of the stone partially resembles the Siddhaṃ\n[aum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om). If the text _is_ legitimate, it's\nmost likely copy-pasted from some sutra out of context.\n\nThe glyphs in your third screenshot are stylistically different to Siddhaṃ and\nconsequently have nothing to do with it. These are probably a graphic\ndesigner’s imagination at work.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-23T19:22:10.923", "id": "98694", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-23T19:35:37.390", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-23T19:35:37.390", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98693", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It means usually _very drunk_ , the state of being still conscious and barely\nable to walk.\n\nThere are technical definitions [by Ministry of Health, Labor and\nWelfare](https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/dictionary/alcohol/ya-020.html):\n\n> 酩酊初期（血中アルコール濃度110～150mg/dl） 症状：気が大きくなる、立てばふらつく\n>\n> 酩酊極期（血中アルコール濃度160～300mg/dl） 症状：何度も同じことをしゃべる、千鳥足\n\n血中アルコール濃度 should be\n[BAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content), but not sure if\nthey are exactly the same thing.\n\n* * *\n\nNot that people use 酩酊 according to the technical definition, but generally it\nis understood as 'very drunk but not alarmingly so*.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-23T22:57:38.693", "id": "98696", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-23T22:57:38.693", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98695", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "[無理をする](https://jisho.org/search/muriwosuru) means to do something past your\nown limits (often in a bad way). させる is the causative of する. So, 無理をさせる is the\ncausative of 無理をする, meaning \"to cause someone to do something past their own\nlimits\".\n\nThe red person is apologizing for \"making the green person force themselves\npast their limits\". If it is some kind of request the red person made, then\nmaybe it could be translated as \"sorry for making such an impossible request\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-24T05:04:36.567", "id": "98701", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-24T05:04:36.567", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "21657", "parent_id": "98700", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Ironically, the closest Japanese equivalent would probably be:「カウントしない」\n\nAnother option that I think works for almost all situations would be:\n「〜は別{べつ}」 .\n\nFor example:\n\n> A- Have you ever been camping? \n> B- I've spent a few nights in my friends cabin in the woods. \n> A- .....ジャグジーまであるし、それは別だ or それはカウントしない\n\nBesides the above there is 数{かず}に入{い}れない , but I think this is mainly used in\nthe literal sense when counting numbers of things.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-25T11:30:28.987", "id": "98704", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-25T13:45:40.913", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-25T13:45:40.913", "last_editor_user_id": "7944", "owner_user_id": "55871", "parent_id": "98703", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 }, { "body": "You can say キャンプの内に入らない or キャンプをした内に入らない in the first scenario.\n\nIn the second and third, you could use ノーカウント (or ノーカン for short) and 反則,\nrespectively. These are pretty colloquial. なし would work for both and is less\nslangy.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-27T23:16:30.223", "id": "98730", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-27T23:16:30.223", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "98703", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "This is not a rhetorical question. This おまえ is not the subject of まともじゃない but\nis working like \"you know\", \"mind you\" or \"listen\". The basic meaning of this\nsentence is:\n\n> 連中の考えることときたらまともじゃない。 \n> When it comes to how these folks think, it's not sane.\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n * それはあなた、当然でしょう? \nHey that's only natural, isn't it?\n\n * そりゃお前…。 \nIt's, well, you know, ...\n\n * 北海道といえば君、旅行はどうだった？ \nSpeaking of Hokkaido, how was your trip?\n\nThese あなた/おまえ/君 are not subjects but just \"(hey) you\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-25T17:53:00.690", "id": "98707", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-25T18:07:39.387", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-25T18:07:39.387", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98706", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Those are notation for [Japanese pitch\naccent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pitch_accent). In particular,\nthey notate LHH and HLL respectively.\n\nIf you pronounce them with pitch accent, you will notice that the difference\nbetween them is that the second has a downstep after the first mora. If your\ndictionary app doesn't distinguish them, this is probably expected -- I doubt\nthat Android TTS allows you to specify the desired pitch accent if there are\nmultiple possibilities.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-25T23:49:03.610", "id": "98709", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-26T05:18:30.997", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-26T05:18:30.997", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98708", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I think you already understand the basic meaning of 困る well enough. Some\nJapanese intransitive verbs have no good intransitive equivalent in English,\nand you have to use other types of expression (e.g. a passive form) to\nunderstand them. 驚く is another classic example of this; it's hard to explain\nthe meaning of this intransitive verb without using a passive form (\"to be\nsurprised\").\n\nWhat's really wrong is that example sentence. 彼女はお金 **を** 困っています is plain\nungrammatical, and it's a kind of mistake a native speaker almost never makes.\nThe correct sentence is 彼女はお金 **に** 困っています or 彼女はお金 **で** 困っています. If you've\nreally seen this on a learning site, you may need to check its credibility.\n\nAs for 彼が来なかったら困るね, the implicit subject of 困る is the speaker (\"I\"). 彼が is the\nsubject of only the subordinate clause (if-clause) part.\n\n> 彼が来なかったら(私は)困るね。 \n> If **he** doesn't come, **I** will be in trouble.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-26T10:44:08.967", "id": "98713", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-26T10:57:03.047", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-26T10:57:03.047", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98710", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

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[ { "body": "The の is a subject marker.\n\n * [How does the の work in 「日本人の知らない日本語」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/45489)\n\nSo it is equivalent 作品が目的とする表現, where 作品が目的とする is a relative clause modifying\n表現: _an expression which the work aims at_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-26T15:00:17.493", "id": "98719", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-26T15:00:17.493", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98714", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Without further context, it should be a contracted じゃあ\n([じゃ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%98%E3%82%83/#jn-101354) #2),\nmeaning _bye_. It is a way to end the conversation.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-26T15:03:13.303", "id": "98720", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-26T15:03:13.303", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98715", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> Its said that 一段 are called 一段 because they keep their stem.\n\nYou just answered your own question. 一段 verbs keep their stems intact, while\nthe suffix change to reflect different conjugations. For example:\n\n * 食べる dictionary form\n * 食べます respectful form\n * 食べない negative form\n * 食べません negative-respectful form\n * 食べた past tense\n * 食べれば if-form\n * 食べろ imperative form\n * 食べさせる causative form\n * 食べられない negative-potential form\n * The list goes on and on...\n\nYou can see how in each of these forms the stem 食べ never changes. Different\nendings are added, which happen to include る for dictionary form and ろ for\nimperative. For 五段, let's see a comparison:\n\n * 歩 **く** dictionary form\n * 歩 **き** ます respectful form\n * 歩 **か** ない negative form\n * 歩 **き** ません negative-respectful form\n * 歩 **いた** past tense\n * 歩 **け** ば if-form\n * 歩 **け** imperative form\n * 歩 **か** せる causative form\n * 歩 **け** ない negative-potential form\n * The list goes on and on...\n\nWhile the stem itself is 歩き, the き could change to か き く け or こ depending on\nwhich 段 the conjugation needs to be in. There are five in total(かきくけこ) hence\nthe name 五段 verbs.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-26T18:11:59.737", "id": "98722", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-26T18:11:59.737", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "98716", "post_type": "answer", "score": 12 }, { "body": "dvx2718's answer should be canonical. I just add to clarify the point (I\nthink) you are confused about.\n\nTake 切る(五段) and 切れる(下一段) for examples.\n\nIn my understanding, 切り1/切れ1 are both _masu-stem_ in learners' grammar. Note 切\n**り** 1 of 切る is a **conjugating** part of 切る and **切れ** 1 is the NON-\nconjugating part of 切れる. This may well make you think that れ **る** etc. is\npart of stem. But (at least in some contexts), this is not the case, as\nmentioned in [this Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%80%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8)\n(which should apply to 下一段 as well with obvious changes).\n\n> 言語学から言えば、上一段活用の動詞は語幹が母音で終わる母音語幹動詞である。そのため語幹は「る」の前のイ段母音までとされ、それ以後が語尾とされる\n\nSo the bolded る・る・れ・ろ in the following table is 語尾 (common to all Group 2\nverbs), and not stem when you talk about 段. In this context 切れ is the only\npart called stem, hence the name ichidan.\n\n| 五段 | 下一段 \n---|---|--- \n未然形 | ら・ろ | れ \n連用形 | り1 | れ1 \n終止形 | る | れ **る** \n連体形 | る | れ **る** \n仮定形 | れ | れ **れ** \n命令形 | れ | れ **ろ** \n \n* * *\n\nKind of related. I think there are vagueness/inconsistencies in terminology.\n\n * [Conflicting Definitions of Verb “Roots,” “Bases,” and “Stems”](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/96150/45489)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-27T05:45:20.253", "id": "98729", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-28T06:43:54.500", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-28T06:43:54.500", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98716", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It’s not a censored form of ばかやろう like a comment on the question originally\nsuggested — it’s a slurred/roughly spoken form of it.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-26T14:34:26.933", "id": "98718", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-26T14:54:21.807", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-26T14:54:21.807", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98717", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Your _literal_ translation seems already perfect.\n\nIt is a common metaphor that the soul is sucked out of a person who has been\nastounded, frightened or exhausted to death. As you can see in [these\npictures](https://www.ac-\nillust.com/main/search_result.php?word=%E9%AD%82%E3%81%8C%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B)\nwhose descriptions contain `魂が抜ける`, the soul is usually drained through the\nmouth, so 口から魂(的な何か)が漏れそうだ would have been a more normal way of emphasizing\nMC's surprise. In your sentence, his soul is sucked out of his butthole\ninstead of his mouth, but this is a joke on the author's part. The basic\nmeaning remains the same.\n\nAlso, 度肝を抜かれる is an idiom meaning \"to be astounded\", and this 度肝 literally\nmeans \"liver\". In the past, it is believed that the liver was the center of\none's spirit. So, although 度肝を抜かれる and 魂を抜かれる have different meanings in\nmodern Japanese, they are quite similar when you look at the etymology.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-27T03:25:04.120", "id": "98727", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-27T03:30:39.633", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-27T03:30:39.633", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98721", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's not はな{hana}, but はな{wana}. The は is actually the particle \"wa\" here.\n\nThe part `一応世の中的にはな` should be interpreted with the preceding context, which\nmakes it `一応世の中的には親父は大人だろう`. The な at the end is a sentence-ending particle,\njust like よ or ね.\n\nIn casual speech, it's not a problem to put XXXは(the subject) at the end of\nthe sentence, and in fact, since all parts of a sentence in Japanese are\nclearly labeled by particles, in daily speech one could alter the sentence\norder however they like, and we do that sometimes in English too.\n\n> Take that book to you, I will. (I will take that book to you) \n> あの本を上げるよ、俺は。 (俺はあの本を上げるよ) \n> あの本を上げるよ、君に。（君にあの本を上げるよ）\n\nSo, for your conversation, you should interpret the sentences as such:\n\n> 「大人」って 何? (What's an adult?)\n>\n> 「大人」って どういうこと? (Adult is what kind of thing?)\n>\n> 大人? (Adult?)\n>\n> うん 親父 大人だろ? (Yeah, my father should be an adult?)\n>\n> まぁうん 一応 世の中的にはな。 (Um, yes, at least in this world's standard) \n> (一応 世の中的に **は** 俺は大人だろう **な** )", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-26T23:29:08.587", "id": "98724", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-28T02:37:14.810", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-28T02:37:14.810", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "98723", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "やってやんよ is a contracted form of **やってやるよ**.\n\n * **やって** : the te-form of やる meaning \"to do\"\n * **やる** (やん): やる meaning \"to give\", but as a subsidiary verb, it means \"to do something to show one's ability\" or \"to do something for someone's sake\"\n * [What does てやる mean when it is not used for giving?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14413/5010)\n * [What does the word 「やったる」 mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/36744/5010)\n * **よ** : a sentence-end particle\n\nSo the nuance of やってやんよ is either (or both) of \"I'll do this _to prove my\npower_ \" or \"I'll do this _for you if you want me to_ \". Something like this\nis typically said after the speaker has been provoked by someone, but it\ndepends on the previous context. It's not the kind of phrase that can always\nbe translated correctly without context (whish is probably why Google ignored\nthe てやる part). But it's always possible to translate it to a similar English\nsentence if you understand the implication.\n\nBy the way, やます means nothing to me.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-27T02:36:07.443", "id": "98726", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-27T02:41:57.797", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-27T02:41:57.797", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98725", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, this is grammatically correct. I'm not sure what part of this sentence\nconfused you, but 受け繋ぐ is a compound verb that is less common but means almost\nthe same thing as\n[受け継ぐ](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91%E7%B6%99%E3%81%90). This へと\nis an emphatic version of へ (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9343/5010)).\n\n * **受け繋ぐ** : \"to inherit\"\n * **受け繋がれる** : \"to be inherited\" (passive)\n * **受け繋がれてくる** : \"to be inherited (over time)\" ([-てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/677/5010) added)\n * **受け繋がれてきた** : \"was inherited (over time)\" (past)\n\n> アレキサンダー、ハンニバル、ローマの将軍達へと受け繋がれてきた英雄達の包囲殲滅戦法 \n> the heroes' tactics of siege and extermination that was inherited down to\n> Alexander, Hannibal, and Roman generals", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-28T05:55:09.070", "id": "98732", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-28T06:00:30.210", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-28T06:00:30.210", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98731", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "ばかり can work also like a no-adjective (which [is a\nnoun](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/2771/5010)), just as はず, ため and so\non can. So yes, this is a sentence with an implicit だ/です. The canonical\nversion of this sentence is (私は)車を買ったばかり **です** or (私は)車を買ったばかり **だ**.\n\nSince ばかり can work as a no-adjective, you can say this, too:\n\n * 車を買ったばかりの男 \na man who just bought a car", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T04:00:17.890", "id": "98768", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T04:00:17.890", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98733", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "The [jōyō kanji\nlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji) is widely\navailable online, and it serves as a rough guideline for what kanji, or what\nreading of a kanji, can be used. Newspaper publishers maintain another list of\nkanji (including their readings) that can be used without furigana (see\n[新聞常用漢字表](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8)),\nbut it's 99% the same as the standard jōyō kanji list, so laypeople don't need\nto worry about the difference.\n\nDictionaries usually indicate non-jōyō kanji and non-jōyō readings or a word,\nlike this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AzoSp.png)\n\nThis dictionary (明鏡国語辞典) marks non-jōyō kanji with `▼` and nonstandard\nreadings of a jōyō-kanji with `▽`. These symbols typically mean it's not very\nsafe to use such kanji or readings. (jisho.org is an unfortunate exception; it\ndisplays super-rare kanji without any warning.)\n\nNovelists and poets often use rare kanji and rare readings, and native\nJapanese people who like to read recognize many kanji that are not in the jōyō\nkanji list. But that does not mean you also have to write them in kanji.\nPersonally, I can _read_ 木樵 and 現 (at least when there is enough context), but\nalways _write_ these words in all-hiragana.\n\nA corpus can be used as a last resort, but NINJAL-LWP is a _parsed_ corpus,\nmeaning different spellings of the same word may have been \"normalized\". You\ncan use [BCCWJ](https://clrd.ninjal.ac.jp/bccwj/) instead if you want to do\n\"raw\" text searches.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T03:40:41.343", "id": "98767", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T03:45:43.633", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-02T03:45:43.633", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98734", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "気組みを外す is not a common set phrase, but 気組み is _readiness_ or _alertness_\nrather than _hostile attitude_. From the context, I think this 気組み refers to\nMC's own attitude, and the sentence means that MC let down his guard and\nbecame more relaxed.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-28T16:20:29.437", "id": "98737", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-28T16:20:29.437", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98735", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Unfortunately, Genki's job is to ease you into Japanese. To get you started.\nIt can't and won't teach you everything, so take what Genki teaches you at\nface value and not as absolute law. There is a high chance you'll come across\na lot of things where Genki has said \"this means X\" and in the real world you\nfind out it means or can be used a million different ways kind of like する.\n\nAnyway, you are right. している is just the ている form of する. And you are also right\nthat する has many different meanings. A lot more than just the \"to do\" meaning\nGenki has taught you.\n\nしている is the same verb just in a different tense. I don't think you should give\nit any more special treatment / meaning than some other ている form of a verb. I\nunderstand that する covers a lot of different meanings, but I think that is\nmore of an overall sentence context problem and having to pick / interpret the\nproper meaning more than anything else when translating to English.\n\nThat being said, in my option, I think any ている form should be thought of as\n\"in the state of the verb\" instead of just the simple \"ing\" explanation that\nmany resources will give you. They do this because it's easier to understand\nwhen you're first learning Japanese and are coming from an English speaking\nbackground. But it's really just being in a state of the verb. Famous example:\n死んでいる. This doesn't mean \"dying\" it means \"in the state of to die\" AKA \"dead\".\n\nLike I said before, I don't think している is an exception to this. Taking your\nexample:\n\n> いいえ、アルバイトをしていません\n\nI read this literally as:\n\n> No, I am not in the state of to do a part time job\n\nBut that sounds odd in English. So cleaning it up we get:\n\n> No, I'm not doing a part time job.\n\nOR alternatively\n\n> No, I don't have a part time job.\n\nAs you can see here, している can mean \"doing\" or \"having\" from an English\nstandpoint. Things like this can easily add to the confusion of what does する /\nしている actually mean when you try to nail a English definition down when one\nsize really doesn't fit all. So you have to leave it open to interpretation a\nbit when translating from Japanese to English.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-28T18:22:07.497", "id": "98738", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-28T19:56:47.303", "last_edit_date": "2023-02-28T19:56:47.303", "last_editor_user_id": "30339", "owner_user_id": "30339", "parent_id": "98736", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "しています is a combination of する and -ている (or -ています in polite form), both of which\nare difficult topics.\n\n### Meaning of する\n\nYou seem to understand this, but [する has many\nmeanings](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%82%BA%E3%82%8B). Basic verbs like する, やる,\nとる, かける, みる and so on have many possible translations, and you cannot\nunderstand them just by thinking of a single translation. The same goes with\nEnglish; you may think _take_ is an easy verb, but to a foreigner, _take_ is a\nreally difficult verb that [must be translated in dozens of different\nways](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/take/). You have to accept such a\nfact and learn each usage one by one.\n\n### Meaning of -ている/-ています\n\nFortunately, the -ている ending basically has only three meanings:\n\n 1. is doing now (progressive)\n 2. has done (perfective)\n 3. do on a regular basis (habitual)\n\nFor details, please read these two questions: [When is Vている the continuation\nof action and when is it the continuation of\nstate?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010) and [Habitual\naspect](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11925/5010)\n\nFor example, 部屋の掃除を **しています** is a sentence that, depending on the context,\nmeans:\n\n 1. I am cleaning the room (now)\n 2. I have cleaned the room (so the room is already clean)\n 3. I clean this room (regularly) / My job is to clean the room\n\n今何をしていますか only means \"What are you doing now\" because it clearly says 今\n(\"now\"), but 何をしていますか by itself can have a habitual meaning, \"What do you do\n(as an occupation)?\".\n\nSimilarly, アルバイトをしていません is _usually_ habitual; it typically means \"I am not a\npart-time worker\" rather than \"I am not working part-time (right now)\".\n\n指輪をしています is _usually_ perfective; it describes the state of having a ring on\nyour finger, because wearing a ring is usually an instant process.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-01T01:09:43.113", "id": "98745", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-01T01:09:43.113", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98736", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "It depends on what you mean.\n\nNormally, 和食{わしょく} means Japanese traditional dishes, such as\n[nikujaga](https://www.kurashiru.com/recipes/352c9948-d5b7-4248-b48d-ea531cbeec56),\n[sukiyaki](https://www.kurashiru.com/recipes/5a5a70f2-1100-48f7-94e3-bf3ac7668baf)\netc. A typical washoku set menu may look like\n[this](https://www.kurashiru.com/recipe_cards/d3f59afd-3837-4beb-8ed2-5969468607ca)\nfor example.\n\n日本の[食べ物]{たべもの} would technically mean everything you can eat in Japan, and at\nleast include dishes that are originally from other countries. For examples,\n[ramen](https://www.kurashiru.com/recipes/a62e961f-8e3e-4277-ac70-dc1f6ae1deb4)\nand\n[curry](https://www.kurashiru.com/recipes/4afa40f9-5ca9-4a86-9125-f6dbe8326cb5)\nare originally Chinese/Indian, but they are fairly localized and typical ones\nare definitely called 日本の食べ物 but not 和食. (Ramen is called 中華{ちゅうか}=Chinese,\nbut Japanese ramen are not usually found in China. Similarly for Japanese\ncurry in India, as far as I know.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-28T23:05:45.797", "id": "98743", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-28T23:05:45.797", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98741", "post_type": "answer", "score": 19 }, { "body": "destroyer2009 I am Japanese. I read your question. As a Japanese, I think the\ntwo expressions are a little bit different each other as @sundowner answered.\nWashoku represents Japanese traditional (original？) cuisine, for example,\nSushi, Tenpura, Udon and so on. But the second expression means foods in Japan\nare delicious. So, even Pasta and Sandwich are included.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-01T16:45:57.917", "id": "98752", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-01T16:47:51.697", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-01T16:47:51.697", "last_editor_user_id": "55911", "owner_user_id": "55911", "parent_id": "98741", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Not sure of the exact context, but I suppose 手頃な should mean more precisely\n'easy enough' in the conversation. And the apprentice says the phrase because\nit wasn't easy at all. しっかりしてください means 'pull yourself together' with respect\nto the assessing the difficulty of the job on the teacher's side, so more\nliterally means something like 'think more about how _really_ difficult/easy a\njob is' (= pull yourself about thinking).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-02-28T23:17:51.433", "id": "98744", "last_activity_date": "2023-02-28T23:17:51.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98742", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "As you can see in [this entry](https://jisho.org/word/%E7%A2%BA%E3%82%8A),\nしっかり has various meanings. It is not only an antonym for _confused_ or\n_drowsy_ , but also an antonym for _unserious_ , _messy_ , _loose_ , and so\non. しっかりして in a context like this means \"get serious and do your job right\".\nShe is asking her teacher to think again and give her a task of appropriate\ndifficulty.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-01T05:29:14.113", "id": "98748", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-01T05:29:14.113", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98742", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I'm 99.9% sure he meant to say `鰤ほどは痛むスピードが速くないですけど`. `鰤ほどは痛むスピードが遅いですけど` is\nnot grammatical (so I'm 100% he misspoke).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-01T17:12:24.880", "id": "98753", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-01T17:12:24.880", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "98750", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "なんだ and なんて are different things.\n\n * This なんだ is an informal variant of なのだ, which is explained in this answer: [What is the meaning of ～んです/～のだ/etc?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010)\n\nGrammatically, it's made of three words, な + ん + だ, where な is the attributive\nform of the copula だ, ん is the noun called \"explanatory-no\", and だ is another\ncopula. The literal translation of \"君だよ、君なんだよ\" is \"It is you, it is that it is\nyou\".\n\n * As for this なんて, see: [Usage of なんて and なんか as emphasis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/421/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T00:54:52.230", "id": "98762", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T00:54:52.230", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98754", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "This question is difficult even if I am Japanese...\n\nIn the first expression, なん is used to enphasize the phrase with strong\nfeeling like anger, sadness, expectation and so on. If I translate, \"It is\nyou. It is really you！\" However, we do not usually use this type of enphasis.\n\nSpeaking of the second one, difficult. We can say 運命とは言えない, 運命などと言えない instead,\nbut why we choose one of these? I do not know, either. lol Anyway, I think we\ndonot use this type of phrase as the first one. Only used in songs, literature\nand so on. Normally, we say 運命とは言えない or 運命とは思わない instead. translate: I cannot\nsay it is fate.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T02:27:04.933", "id": "98764", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T02:27:04.933", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55911", "parent_id": "98754", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "If you are a beginning student of Japanese, I suggest that, for now, you think\nof these as two different \" _nans_ \" and learn them separately.\n\nThe first _nan_ is common and is used for emphasis. K-Yuuma's translation is\nvery good. In other words, \"It's you. It's _really_ you.\" This _nan_ is used\ncommonly when there's an expectation that the people talking share the same\ninformation. So, another way to translate it might be \"It's you. It's _you_\n[You know that's how I feel--I've demonstrated it or told you before]. Here's\nanother example: think of a song where a women says she's going to leave a\nman. The man says \"You can't leave me. I love you. You _know_ I love you!\"\nThat is the function of _nan_ in the your first example—to emphasize the\nspeaker's emotions. Both of us _know_ I love you! (or that _**you**_ are the\n_**one**_ for me!)\n\nThe second case is different. In this case, the _nan_ still conveys emotion.\nBut it carries a sense of disbelief or dismissiveness.\n\n\"I can't say it's fate\" might be a way to translate it, but this fails to\nconvey all of the nuance.\n\nWhat they mean is \"It _might_ be fate, but I [just can't believe it]. Or [You\nmight think it's fate, but I'm not so sure]. Or [People might call it fate,\nbut who the heck are they to say? I don't really know the reason, but it\n_ain't fate_ , that's for sure].", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T03:15:45.007", "id": "98766", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T03:15:45.007", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55919", "parent_id": "98754", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "If it's しゃがる that's troubling you, it's not しゃがる but しやがる, which is し (masu-\nstem of する) + [やがる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4236/5010).\n\nIf it's てさ that's troubling you, see: [て form at end of phrase but not being\nused for requests](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60762/5010)\n\nThis sentence uses the AをBにする (\"to make A B\", \"to turn A into B\", \"to pretend\nA as B\") construction, although を has been omitted:\n\n> 部長が自分のミス **を** 俺のせいにしやがった。 \n> The chief turned his own error into my fault. \n> → The chief blamed me for his own mistake.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T00:22:45.367", "id": "98761", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T00:22:45.367", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98756", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "\"行かない?\" is an invitation (\"Why don't you go?\"), so the speaker _expects_ the\nlistener will go. On the other hand, \"行く(か)?\" (\"Wanna go?\" or \"Do you go?\") is\na neutral question about the listener's intention, so the listener can respond\nwith \"No\" without disappointing anyone. \"行こうか\" is like \"So let's go\" or \"It's\ntime to go\", and it sounds like the speaker isn't even asking about the\nlistener's intention (maybe the speaker already knows the answer).\n\n\"明日早く起きますか?\" has to be translated with or without _want_ , depending on the\ncontext. If they already have a detailed schedule for tomorrow, then _want_ is\nunnecessary because the question is to confirm a schedule that has already\nbeen set. However, if this is a question for deciding what to do tomorrow, it\nis natural to say \"Do you want...\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T00:16:51.450", "id": "98760", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T00:30:41.720", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-02T00:30:41.720", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98757", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This means (貴様の発言は)まるで他人事のようだな, or \"(Your comment) sounds as if it's (about)\nsomeone else's problem (although it actually is not)\". Here, MC is saying he\nhimself should be suspected and refused, almost like he isn't interested in\ndefending his own position. The leader pointed out such a behavior is unusual.\n\nSo, interestingly, although the literal meaning of this 他人事だな is \"It's someone\nelse's problem\", its actual implication here is \"It's _your_ problem\". 他人事 is\ncommonly used as part of (実際には他人事ではないのに)まるで他人事のようだ, so just saying 他人事だな can\nhave the same implication.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-01T23:55:58.703", "id": "98759", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T00:43:53.140", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-02T00:43:53.140", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98758", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "> why is the 未然形 for 形容詞 in classical japanese not written/in brackets in most\n> conjugation tables?\n\nArguably, there is no 未然形【みぜんけい】 for adjectives.\n\nThe basic meaning of 未然形【みぜんけい】 is the \"not-yet so form\". In linquistics\nterms, this is often rendered as the \"irrealis\" aspect, used to express\nsomething that isn't real -- it hasn't happened yet, or it hasn't fully come\ninto being yet.\n\nSome grammatical analyses treat the form that attaches to the negative ～ない\nending as the 未然形【みぜんけい】 by default. This is probably why some sources do list\na 未然形【みぜんけい】 for adjectives.\n\nBut since adjectives by their very function express a quality of state, rather\nthan an action or change of state, the basic concept of \"happening\" doesn't\napply here. And, indeed, there is no functional irrealis form for adjectives.\n\nLooking more fully at how adjectives (specifically \"-i adjectives\" or 形容詞) are\nnegated, we take the basic form ending in ～い, replace the ～い with the\nadverbial ending ～く, and add the negative ～ない on the end. However, we _can_\nalso stick a particle in between, such as in 高【た】くはない, or 暑【あつ】くも寒【さむ】くもない.\nThis is further syntactic evidence that the ～く ending isn't a 未然形【みぜんけい】,\nsince by definition that _must_ be immediately followed by a 助動詞【じょどうし】\n(auxiliary or verb suffix). We cannot insert particles before the ～ない for\nverbs -- we cannot grammatically say, for instance, *書【か】かもない.\n\nThe sources that put this in brackets are probably trying to split the\ndifference, acknowledging that some folks view the negative stem as a kind of\ndefault 未然形【みぜんけい】, while also acknowledging that this works differently for\nadjectives.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-03T10:11:35.060", "id": "98788", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-03T10:11:35.060", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "98770", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "I think they are usually just called 電子部品屋/電子パーツ屋/電子部品ショップ/電子パーツショップ, i.e.,\nliterally 'electronic parts shop'. (I suppose you have in mind those shops\nfound a lot in\n[Akihabara](https://www.google.com/maps/search/%E7%A7%8B%E8%91%89%E5%8E%9F+%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%83%A8%E5%93%81+%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97/@35.7011396,139.7671158,16z/data=!3m1!4b1)\n- not sure the link works.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T14:18:31.930", "id": "98772", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T14:18:31.930", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98771", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, they can. It is reasonable to think that the sentence is a cleft sentence\nwithout the subject part.\n\n * [I don't understand what のも means in 生まれたのも育ったのも京都なんですよ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/45489)\n\nThe basic pattern will be XのはYだ/です, where X is a sentence and Y is a phrase.\nIn your case, it should be something like\n\n * (私がそんなことを言ったのは)酔った勢いでだ.\n * It is by the 勢い of being drunk (that I said such a thing).\n\nNote () part is just what I guessed, it should be replace as appropriate to\nthe context.\n\n* * *\n\nSimilarly, other particle+だ are possible. A bit artificial example:\n\n * 彼はあなたに花を贈った He sent you flowers.\n * 彼が花を贈ったのはあなたにだ It was to you that he sent flowers\n\nIn case of を or へ, I suppose it is more common to drop the copula in the\nsentence like the example:\n\n * 何を見てるんですか What are you watching?\n * 歩いている人をだ. (It's) Walking people (that I'm watching).\n\nHere colloquially だ and even を would be dropped (=歩いている人).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T22:41:18.813", "id": "98778", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T22:41:18.813", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98774", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "You've segmented the words wrongly — it is (途方もなく)(みすぼらしい)(小屋). Adding み to\nthe _stem_ of an adjective forms an abstract noun, but that's not what's\nhappening here.\n\nAnd it's worth confirming but is it not\n[みすぼらしい](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%BF%E3%81%99%E3%81%BC%E3%82%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%84-638121#:%7E:text=%E3%80%98%E5%BD%A2%E5%8F%A3%E3%80%99%20%E3%81%BF%E3%81%99%E3%81%BC%E3%82%89%20%E3%81%97,%E8%B2%A7%E3%81%97%E3%81%92%E3%81%A7%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82)?\nThe meaning \"shabby\" would fit in perfectly.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T21:21:48.360", "id": "98777", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-02T21:21:48.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98776", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Generally 種違い or 腹違い is not considered as rude/discriminative, it is simply a\nbit oldish. In not-so-frequent occasions to refer to such things, I guess\n父親/母親が違う would be used.\n\nThat said, I won't be surprised if there are people who claim they should be\navoided mainly because 腹 or 種 may sound treating people as an instrument to\nproduce children.\n\nAs for ハーフ, from the Japanese side, it has no derogatory sense and means\npeople whose parents are of different nationalities, although it is usually\nexpected that there's a difference in race. (E.g., a child from a Japanese of\nJapanese origin and an American of Japanese origin would be ハーフ technically,\nbut not typically thought of when speaking of a ハーフ.)\n\nNot sure how it sounds to ハーフ people who understand English natively.\n\n * [Is the word ハーフ derogatory?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/898/45489)\n\n* * *\n\n[This Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95_\\(%E6%B7%B7%E8%A1%80\\)#%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E)\ncontains more details on ハーフ, but for most ordinary people, it does not sound\nrude. It mentions there is a word ダブル to avoid ハーフ, but I've never heard of it\n(sounds like coffee or whisky...)\n\nThe word あいのこ is derogatory, but this is rather dated and not really current.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-02T23:10:17.807", "id": "98780", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-03T07:22:28.953", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-03T07:22:28.953", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98779", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

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[ { "body": "The \"why\" is that once upon a time, Chinese characters were written with a\nmuch greater degree of variation than today.\n\nWhen each polity that uses Chinese characters decided to standardise (for a\nvariety of purposes, including printing, digitisation, education etc),\nsomebody had to choose one (or at most a few) of these variations to represent\nthe abstract character. Note that this sometimes overlaps with, but is not\nstrictly the same as the [concept of\nsimplification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters)\nin CJK scripts. Check out [this list on\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Han_unification&section=6#Examples_of_language-\ndependent_glyphs) for other examples of variations between Hong Kong, Taiwan,\nMainland China, (marginally Vietnam), Korea, and Japan's chosen\nrepresentations.\n\nSometimes the changes are small (the top-right of 過 faces the other side in\nChinese typographic practice), and sometimes they are reasonably large (as in\n真).\n\nDifferent polities chose differently, leading to differences like you've\nobserved. That's why we have [Han\nunification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification) in\n[CJK(V)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_characters) computing.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-03T03:42:45.553", "id": "98784", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-03T03:42:45.553", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98782", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "In 者 as a component, the form with an additional dot (者) is the one considered\n'orthodox' in the sense it appears in the _Kāngxī Dictionary_. This does not\nmean that it is somehow more etymologically correct compared to the dot-less\nform; as most of these 'orthodox' forms, this one was created by the authority\nof the _Shuōwén jiězì_ , which assumed the character to contain 白 (to my\nknowledge, actually the character 者 developed from a pictogram of a sugarcane,\noriginally writing the word *tAk-s 'sugarcane' and borrowed for the similarly\npronounced grammatical particle *tAʔ > zhě, so there is no 白 in the\ncharacter).\n\nHowever, in most of the regions, the dot-less form was more prevalent despite\nthe injunctions of the normative dictionaries, and in modern times it was the\none that was standardized. In fact, 者 without a dot is the normal Mainland,\nTaiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnamese form. Only Korea insists on having a dot (but\neven Korea is not willing to follow the prescription of normative dictionaries\nto the extreme and demand the lower component to be an 曰 instead of an 日).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uu2M8.png)\n\nHowever, Japan was different here: while any other region standardized into\none option or the other, Japan picked both. In fact, it decided to 'simplify'\n(pick the dot-less form) for a limited number of characters (basically, those\nthat were a part of jōyō kanji list before the extension of 2010) but 'not\nsimplify' (have a dot) for all the rest. So, now there is a distinction\nbetween the spellings for the 'frequent' and the 'remaining' characters in\nJapan.\n\nSpecifically:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/s1vmD.png)\n\nSo, in fact, currently the correct orthography in Japan contains the dot for\ntwo particular jōyō kanji, 賭 and 箸, which were both added to the list in 2010\nonly.\n\nThe non-jōyō characters are supposed to be written all with a dot, as if\n'unsimplified', though for the characters allowed in personal names both forms\nare provided, like 猪 and 猪, and even the jōyō characters without a dot are\nallowed in a dot form when in names: 者.\n\nAll of this is about printed text. In manual writing, no dot:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6WUNd.png)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-03T07:51:29.487", "id": "98787", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-03T07:51:29.487", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "27977", "parent_id": "98782", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "It's not **with** but _**in** the corner of the brain_. It is similar to _at\nthe back of my mind_.\n\nBasically, it says the character does the thinking without losing the focus on\nthe opponent.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-03T07:03:44.493", "id": "98786", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-03T07:03:44.493", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98783", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "ぁんだよ is a version of なんだよ. It is more slurred than dialectical, where the な is\nalmost dropped.\n\nDepending on the way of pronunciation (or transcription) and contexts, なんだよ\ncan also be\n\n * あんだよ\n * んだよ\n * っんだよ\n\nなんだよ literally means \"What?\", expressing surprise/disappointment.\n\nI don't know what exactly corresponds to 手応え in English, but literally it is\nlike _tangible response_ (note 反 **応** ). In the particular case, it means\nattack from the enemy (as response to the girl's attack). So 手応えがない means\n_weak_ , as you understand.\n\nOverall, the phrase translates like _what? is this it?_.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-04T02:45:56.090", "id": "98792", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-04T02:45:56.090", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98790", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "The 楽しく in 他人の目にも **楽しく** refers not exactly to the subject's happiness as\n_being happy_ would. It should be a variant of\n[目を楽しませる](https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9B%AE%E3%82%92%E6%A5%BD%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B),\nliterally meaning _pleasing (someone's) eyes_ or _visually enjoyable_.\n\nSo it says that 自分の幸福な状態 provides satisfaction/joy to others visually and\nmentally.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-04T03:04:49.597", "id": "98793", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-04T03:04:49.597", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98791", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It's more about idiomaticity and collocation than the usage of を.\n\n**感染**\n\nTo me, 感染 is a one-shot event and if that happens, it is not something you can\nstop (in this sense _infection_ sounds to me the same, perhaps in line with\nAngelos's comment; or at least 感染 is not a good word for _infection_ here). So\n感染を止める is not idiomatic. It would mean at best the spread of infection.\n\n**咳をさせる**\n\nMore properly, it would be 咳を引き起こす\n\n**助ける**\n\nIn the sense of being useful, 役に立つ is the only choice. Or 助けになる could be used,\nbut sounds less natural.\n\n**べき**\n\nRoughly, べき means obligation and はず means the speaker's confidence. Here it is\nthe latter - so it should be はずです.\n\nSo, although それは咳をとめる薬です (or それは咳止めです) is more natural, an okay version of the\nsentence retaining as much of yours as possible would be\n\n * それは咳を引き起こす病気を治すことに役立つはずです\n\n* * *\n\nOne general point is that inanimate subjects + action would be much less\ncommon in Japanese. So _X would help..._ usually needs rephrasing if you want\nto say it naturally in Japanese.", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-05T03:33:30.493", "id": "98801", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-05T03:33:30.493", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98795", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "This part\n\n> 才能には副作用\n>\n> 栄光には影が付き纏う\n\nis a contracted form of 才能には副作用が付き纏い、栄光には影が付き纏う, where the first が付き纏い is\nomitted to avoid a repetition. Literally _side effect is attached to talent\nand shadow to glory_ (in English, the omission happens in the opposite way).\n\nSo the に is the most basic _to_ (e.g 付加 #8\n[here](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%AB/#je-56984)).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-05T03:09:22.667", "id": "98800", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-05T03:09:22.667", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98796", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Grammatically, you can think it's ああじゃないこうじゃない **と** with a quotative と\nomitted. (Inclusively) Or, ああじゃないこうじゃない works adverbially to describe what is\nbeing said (like **なんのかんの** 言いながら).\n\nIn terms of meaning, your translation should be fine. It just refers to the\nvarious stuff on the bento. The person says that she wants to eat bento\ntalking with others about the stuff in the bento, 'this is X, and this is Y'.\n(Often, the ingredients in bento can be hard to tell what they are mostly\nbecause it is finely chopped and then cooked in (often) thick sauce).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-06T01:13:19.577", "id": "98806", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-06T01:13:19.577", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98797", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "ああ and こう are often used together to refer to unspecified trivial things (like\n\"this and that\" in English, but usually ああ comes first in Japanese). See:\n[What does まわりであーだこーだ mean in this\nsentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18708/5010) So\nああだこうだ(と)言いながら食べたい would just mean \"I want to eat (this bento) while\nchitchatting (with my family)\". The actual topic is unspecified, and it may or\nmay not be the bento itself.\n\nShe actually said じゃね (slangy contraction of じゃない) twice in this interview,\nbut did you notice she pronounced them with a rising intonation? So the\nliteral meaning of this part is more like this:\n\n> ああじゃね？ こうじゃね？ \n> Isn't it like that? Isn't is like this?\n\nThis means she wants to talk about something fun and constructive with her\nfamily, not try to deny everything.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-06T01:13:43.067", "id": "98807", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-06T01:35:02.853", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-06T01:35:02.853", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98797", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "In 未然形/連用形, うる conjugates like える.\n\n * ありえない\n * ありうる\n * ありえた\n * ありえても\n\nTechnically, うる conjugates somewhat like a _regular_\n[二段動詞](https://www.kotenbunpou.com/%E7%94%A8%E8%A8%80/%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E-4-%E4%B8%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%AE%B5%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8/)\nin classical Japanese (thus うる sounds more stilted than える). But since the\n未然形/連用形 of うる and える cannot be distinguished, as a modern Japanese speaker, we\nmay think うる is special and appears only in 終止形/連体形.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-05T02:55:48.687", "id": "98799", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-05T02:55:48.687", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98798", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "良き is the 連体形 of the adjective 良し in Classical Japanese, which is the form\nthat's used to modify a noun. It is the origin of the modern adjective 良い.\n\nWhile this particular way of conjugating verbs no longer exists in the modern\nlanguage, 良き is still fossilised in expressions like よき思い出 or 古き良き時代 to yield\na sense of nostalgia.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-05T18:44:09.210", "id": "98804", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-05T18:44:09.210", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98802", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "* 街 means _town_ or _city_ , not _street_. I'm not sure what is the best verb for this 包む, but you may use _embrace_ , _surround_ , etc. Here it basically refers to the environment bigger than your family or school.\n * よき is a stilted and old-sounding variant of the attributive form of よい. See: [How does -ki form of i-adjectives work? (e.g. 愛しき)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3120/5010)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-06T00:52:56.440", "id": "98805", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-06T00:52:56.440", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98802", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "It's not -さん.\n\n> ぷれせんとふぉーゆー、さんたから \n> Present for You, From Santa (Claus).\n\nI think it's intentionally written in all-hiragana to [emphasize the\nchildishness](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15108/5010) of this idea.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-06T03:14:14.770", "id": "98810", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-06T03:18:54.970", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-06T03:18:54.970", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98808", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "The original text says nothing about the number of such responses. If there\nare multiple such responses, the following can be a perfectly correct\ntranslation.\n\n> その中で私たちが思っていたのと違った答えだったのは、……でした。\n>\n> * Among them, responses that were different than what we were thinking\n> included A, B, and C.\n> * One of the answers that were different from what we had expected was A.\n>\n\nWhen translating Japanese text into English, (machine-)translators often have\nto make a guess about the number of things or implied subjects. The less\ncontext given, the more mistakes they make.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-06T08:34:18.543", "id": "98812", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-06T08:34:18.543", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98811", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There is little difference, and they are all interchangeable. Although they\nare all stiff and formal phrases, I feel that 言わば and 言ってみれば are relatively\nmore casual, while 言うなれば is only used in serious essays and such.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-07T01:10:01.947", "id": "98824", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-07T01:10:01.947", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98813", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's not a fixed pattern with an idiomatic meaning, but a combination of\nsimple rules. Taking 食べる as an example verb, 食べはすまい is just 食べはする with まい\n(negative inference) and か (question marker) attached. 食べていはする is 食べていはする with\nまい and か.\n\n * 食べはする and so on are ways of attaching は (contrastive), も (\"also/even\") and すら (\"even\") to a verb. For example, `食べる + は` becomes `食べはする` (\"eat at least\"), `食べる + も` becomes `食べもする` (\"also eat\"), `食べる + すら + ない` becomes `食べすらしない` (\"not even eat\"). See also: [What's the grammatical breakdown of \"知りもしないわ\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21075/5010)\n * 食べはし **まい** (or 食べはすまい, 食べはするまい) is a negative inference version of 食べはする. しまい, すまい and するまい are interchangeable. It means 食べはしないだろう. For details, see [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/96027/5010).\n * か is a question marker.\n\nTherefore, 食べはしまいか is roughly the same as 食べはしないだろうか or 食べないだろうか (\"Won't he\neat it?\", \"I'm afraid that he will eat it\").\n\nIf there's also a progressive meaning, just replace 食べる to 食べている and follow\nthe same pattern:\n\n * 食べている: is eating\n * 食べていはする: is eating (at least)\n * 食べていはしまい: it's not likely that he is eating\n * 食べていはしまいか: isn't it likely that he is eating?\n\n食べていはしまいか is roughly the same as 食べていはしないだろうか or 食べていないだろうか (\"I wonder if he's\neating?\", \"I'm afraid that he may be eating it\").", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-07T01:34:37.840", "id": "98825", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-07T01:34:37.840", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98814", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "桁【けた】 refers to the number of digits in a number. For example, 41200 is 5桁. So\n桁1個上 technically refers to \"an order of magnitude higher\", but I think it's a\ncreative way of \"one stage higher\" or something here.\n\n大切片手に is 大切 **を** 片手に, so its literal meaning is not \"one precious hand\" but\n\"with preciousness in (my) hand\" (See: [Meaning and transitivity of\nゴミ袋を手に立ち上がる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20854/5010)). Perhaps it\nmeans 何かを大切にしながら.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-07T00:55:17.260", "id": "98823", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-07T01:01:54.730", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-07T01:01:54.730", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98815", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

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[ { "body": "This is covered in the [Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF#%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%A9%9E%E3%81%AE%E9%80%A3%E7%94%A8%E5%BD%A2)\non 音便{おんびん} (euphonic change). This is a historical sound change which is\nsimply equivalent to what would be spelled 口惜{くや}しくて.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-06T23:02:34.790", "id": "98821", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-06T23:28:30.937", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-06T23:28:30.937", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98818", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "As pointed out in the comment section, it's not a pattern with a special\nmeaning. It's a simple combination of\n[～となれば/～となると](https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-\ngrammar/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%82%89-to-\nnaru-to-nareba-meaning/) and ～か. This か is a question marker that forms an\n[embedded question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/13038/5010), which is\na **noun** -clause.\n\nCompare the following:\n\n * 戦争となれば \nWhen it comes to war, ... \nIf war starts, ...\n\n * 戦争が終わるとなれば \nWhen it comes to the end of the war, ... \nIf the war is to be ended, ...\n\n * 戦争が終わる **か** となれば \nWhen it comes to whether or not the war will end, ... \nAs for the possibility of ending this war, ... \nIf you ask me if this war will end, ...", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-07T01:49:59.547", "id": "98826", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-07T01:49:59.547", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98819", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "[どう](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86/#jn-154925) is an\nadverb and\n[どういう](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%84%E3%81%86/#jn-154977)\nis a 連体詞 which can come before a noun. Thus どう意味 is just ungrammatical.\n\nFor _what do you mean_ , you may be able to use どういうこと? as well.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-06T23:33:13.753", "id": "98822", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-06T23:33:13.753", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98820", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "A very literal (but very unidiomatic) translation of \"what do you mean\" might\nbe 意味は何ですか. The idiom どういう意味, literally, is something more like \"how is the\nmeaning expressed?\" (Or, respecting the difference in how Japanese grammar\nworks, maybe a gloss along the lines of \"meaning which-is-expressed how?\") どう\nasks \"how\" (in the usual fill-in-the-blank style); as such, it modifies a\nverb, not a noun. いう here is 言う (but it would only be written in kana in this\ncontext). The combination どういう is common enough to be analyzed as a single\nunit. Of course, this verb clause can then modify a noun attributively, the\nsame way that i-adjectives work (they're both predicates).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-07T02:08:56.883", "id": "98827", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-07T02:08:56.883", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "627", "parent_id": "98820", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

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[ { "body": "It's a grammatical sentence but its meaning is totally different from\nラーメンを／が食べたいです. It means you want _something_ that is related to eating of\nramen. It might be a doll that eats ramen or something like a bowl or a spoon\nwith which you eat ramen.\n\n> ラーメンを食べる **の** がほしいです。 \n> I want **one** that eats ramen. \n> I want **one** for eating ramen. \n> etc.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-07T19:01:24.177", "id": "98831", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-07T19:01:24.177", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "98830", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "ラーメンを食べるのがほしいです is gramattical but isn't a valid sentence for \"I want to\n[verb]\".\n\nIf you want to find a similar construction with verb nominalization for that\npurpose, -することを欲する is a valid construction in place of -したい, with the caveat\nthat it's a construction that's too rigid to use in conversation or even in\nwriting. One appropriate context I can think of is some old translation of\nChinese literature or Bible.\n\n> ラーメンを食べることを欲します", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-08T03:34:02.037", "id": "98832", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-08T03:34:02.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "98830", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "1. I don't think it's possible to logically explain why 冬 is missing here. It has nothing to do with Japanese grammar or culture. Maybe the lyricist thought it would sound more profound, interesting or emotional if such a well-known phrase wasn't uttered until the end.\n 2. This と is [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/68132/5010), and this も is just \"also/and\". も might sound relatively a bit emphatic here.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T04:09:24.610", "id": "98850", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T04:14:45.667", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-09T04:14:45.667", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98833", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "I was trying to think through this for a bit, and I can not provide a direct\nanswer.\n\nRemember that people make their own connotations of words. I can equate this\nin English to saying \"wake me up when September ends\"; September in itself\ndoes not pose any meaning here, except it means something to the song-writer\n(in this case the reminder of a person).\n\nFor here, the songwriter uses the evening glow (夕焼け) to represent his emotions\nin the song, and perhaps this is subjective: is this evening glow visible in\nthe winter as much? I can only say this much. Further, based on the song's\nmessage (I would assume you would better understand), is there a symbolic\nreason to remove 冬?\n\nHowever...\n\nAlternatively, this may be a frivolous question to ask to begin with. Based on\nthe cadence of the song, fitting in 冬 would sound weird. Given that Japanese\ntends to cut off sentences and shorten words, maybe he was implying all the\nseasons (the typical word used), and just expected the listener to put them\nall together. I note that [a transcription of the song](https://www.uta-\nnet.com/song/4633/) (likely made by a native speaker) does not correspond with\n[the original video I saw](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GN6LasyvqPg), as it\ndoes not make 春秋冬 into a single word, but instead makes the word trail off,\nand then continues with the song:\n\n> ああ春夏秋．．．と\n\nWe can always overcomplicate a songwriter's intention, but perhaps he was\nimplying 春夏秋冬, but just could not fit it in with the rhythm of the song. For\nyou, it might be best to just not think the exclusion of 冬 as meaning\nanything; it does not seem to be an important part of the song anyway, as\nevoking the seasons is very common in Japanese songs.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-20T20:22:56.687", "id": "98991", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-20T20:22:56.687", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "34965", "parent_id": "98833", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "[に](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%AB/#jn-166083) can follow verbs:\n\n> ［格助］名詞、名詞に準じる語、 **動詞の連用形・連体形** などに付く。\n\nIn the examples, the verbs are in 連体形.\n\nSo it's not necessarily の (or other expressions meaning _that_ ) omitted, but\nyour understanding is fine.\n\n* * *\n\nWhen using na-adjectives, you would actually need の.\n\n * x 静かなにもかかわらずパワフルなPC\n * o 静かなのにもかかわらずパワフルなPC _A PC that is powerful despite being quiet_\n\nAn alternative is to use the stem: 静かにもかかわらず (this may be the most common)\n\nFor i-adjective, using の looks much less common.\n\n * o 美しいにもかかわらず _despite being beautiful_\n * △/x 美しいのにもかかわらず", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-08T09:18:10.907", "id": "98836", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-08T09:18:10.907", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98835", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "I don't know (if any) an idiomatic English expression, but 感じる in such\ncontexts means _to feel pleasure in the sexual sense_ as noted in [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/53790/45489).\n\nしっかり is just normal _steadily, firmly_. Here, it is assumed that the feeling\ngood makes the girl sort of passive or stop moving voluntarily. The sentence\nsays _although she is getting the pleasure, she still continues to 'serve' MC\n(by moving herself_ - again I don't know how to express the movement 腰を振る).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-08T12:38:44.380", "id": "98839", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-08T12:38:44.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98837", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[]

[]

[ { "body": "Mitaina みたいな means \"like.\" The speaker is starting the sentence with \"A bunch\nof chara-chara unya like you...\" and the speaker probably repeated the な while\n(acting like they were) thinking about how to end the sentence but too angry\nto think quietly.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-08T21:25:34.800", "id": "98843", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-08T21:25:34.800", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "32581", "parent_id": "98841", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "お前らみたいな is an adjectival phrase meaning \"like you guys\". The second な right\nafter it is a filler particle meaning nothing. It's the same as the な you see\nbefore 世の中.\n\n * [What do 「はな」 and 「いうとな」 mean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27999/5010)\n * [Meaning of triple particle (?) のはな](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30042/5010)\n * [What is the にはな used for in the following sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72490/5010)\n\n> お前らみたいな(な)、チャラチャラウニャ～みたいのが(な)、世の中ダメにすんだ、分かったか。 \n> チャラチャラウニャ-ish people like you guys are the ones who ruin this world, you\n> understand?\n\nな in parentheses are fillers, and they can be dropped or replaced with よ, さ,\netc. チャラチャラウニャ is an unique mimesis, but I think it probably describes\nfrivolousness ([chara](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5094/5010)) and\nlaziness.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T03:32:41.193", "id": "98849", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T03:42:39.867", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-09T03:42:39.867", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98841", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "To me, it kinda sounds as\n\n> ゆらりと 揺らいだところ1 さえ **やすらぎに かわる ばしょ**\n\nところ1 could be こころ.\n\nAs commented, then follows '恥ずかしい..'.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T02:13:03.983", "id": "98848", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T02:29:24.120", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-09T02:29:24.120", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98842", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "* This そこ refers to the old anime and its voice actors.\n * The meaning of this 触る (\"touch\") is a bit obscure, but judging from the [original interview](https://www.slamdunk-movie-courtside.jp/interview/17), I think it can be understood along the lines of \"to approach\" or \"to bring up (again)\".\n * だからこそ modifies さわれない, so the basic structure of the sentence is \"This is why I cannot touch\".\n\n> だからこそ、連載していた頃にテレビアニメがあり、声優さんたちがいらっしゃったけど、自分としてはそこにはさわれないというか \n> This (=the fact that I wanted to make the new movie with a new policy) is\n> why, even though there was an anime and its voice actors in the days when I\n> was working on the manga series, I couldn't touch/approach them (=the old\n> anime and voice actors), you know.\n\nSo, Inoue, as the director, wanted to make the new movie with a different\npolicy than the old anime. He understands that the previous staff and voice\nactors did a great job according to the policy of the previous anime, but this\ntime he wanted voice actors to perform differently. That was why he decided\nnot to use the same voice actors.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T01:40:51.147", "id": "98847", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T03:52:54.703", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-09T03:52:54.703", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98844", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "That sentence is incorrect. A te-form and できる cannot be combined that way. The\ncorrect sentence is 注文してくれませんか. You don't need a potential form here. If the\nlistener is your president, the honorific version of くれる is くださる, so you can\nsay 注文してくださいませんか.\n\nNote: くださる is an irregular verb, and its masu-form is usually くださ **い** ます.\nくださ **り** ます is also used but is highly stilted and pompous.\n\nAlternatively, you can use the potential form of いただく (the humble version of\nもらう) and say 注文していただけませんか.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T01:30:25.887", "id": "98846", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T01:30:25.887", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98845", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "In such a situation, it's basically okay to use casual language with your\nfriends, but if your boss is listening, you probably don't want to say\nanything too dirty or slangy (of course, the same is true when you're talking\nin English). In your specific case, うっせお前 would be considered a short\ntsukkomi, so it is more likely to be tolerated, but in general, adults may\ntemporarily refrain from using お前. If there is a really important person or if\nyou are attending a very formal ceremony, it is not strange for friends to\nbegin speaking to each other in keigo.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T09:37:50.993", "id": "98852", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T09:37:50.993", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98851", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 }, { "body": "I agree with @naruto. The general rule is that you continue using the language\nappropriate for each (so you use tameguchi to your buddies but keigo to your\nboss).\n\nAdditionally, there is a special rule in which when you are talking to a\ncustomer, you must omit keigo for your boss (because now you are interacting\nwith your customer as a single group with your boss).\n\nFor example, you say 部長は席におられませんでした and 部長はこうおっしゃっていました when you talk with\nyour colleague or your 課長. However, if you are talking to a customer you have\nto say 部長は席におりません and 部長はこう申しておりました. However you still don't use tameguchi to\nyour boss even in that situation (so you should still say です・ます to your boss\nin front of your customer). Just when you describe what your 部長 did etc. to\nyour customer, you refrain from honouring your boss.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T17:06:43.727", "id": "98853", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T17:06:43.727", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "499", "parent_id": "98851", "post_type": "answer", "score": 6 } ]

[ { "body": "As you pointed out じゃん is colloquial contraction of じゃない and here I would say\nthat it's more in line with meaning \"right?\" or seeking some kind of\nconfirmation from somewhere in English.\n\nSince you mentioned it, I also wouldn't focus too hard on the space between 冗談\nand 通じん. I understand you found \"冗談が通じる\", but I wouldn't say there is a space\nbecause there is no が or something like that. The が is just being dropped /\nomitted because the casualness of the conversation. This space is more of just\na pacing or pausing effect for the reader more than any other significant\nmeaning from my standpoint.\n\nSo \"案外 冗談 通じんじゃん\" seems to mean \"surprisingly they got the joke, right?\"\n\nWith the whole sentence and assume it's directed towards Kota, we get\nsomething like:\n\n> 笑える! コタってつまんない男だと思ってたけど案外 冗談 通じんじゃん。\n>\n> They can laugh! I was thinking Kota is a boring guy but surprisingly they\n> got the joke, right?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T20:00:16.333", "id": "98856", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T20:00:16.333", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30339", "parent_id": "98854", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "This 通じん is a contracted 通じる, and じゃん is \"huh?\". So the sentence is a slangy\nversion of 冗談が通じるね, or literally, \"jokes get through (to you), huh?\"\n\nYou may know 通じん is a form of 通じぬ, too ([Conjugation of negative auxiliary\n〜ぬ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12225/5010) and [Is verb ending ない\nshortened to ん?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16226/5010)), but in\nyour sentence, 通じん by itself does not have a negative sense at all. In slangy\n(Tokyo?) speech, る may become ん before ね or な according to [this\nrule](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/61959/5010), but the same thing\nhappens sometimes before じゃん and よ, too. For example, よく食べんね means \"You eat a\nlot\", 知ってんじゃん means \"So you (already) know it!\", and やんよ means \"We'll do it\"\nor \"Let's do it\".", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-09T23:32:22.027", "id": "98857", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-09T23:32:22.027", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98854", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "I see two problems. The first is closely related to your concern. I don't\nthink using と is a good idea if you want to use や. Conversely, if you use と, や\nwouldn't be necessary. This や is a sentence ending particle, and the rest of\nsentence usually needs to stand by itself. When the rest of the sentence ends\nwith と, it sounds incomplete. I'm not sure if I say it's generally\nungrammatical beyond this particular case, though.\n\nThe second problem is that the last part is unlikely to be read as \"I\nremember\" as it stands. The most natural interpretation is that the first noun\n燕 is the shared subject of the two verbs. There is no \"I\", whether you use や\n(thus there are two sentences), or not (thus there is only one connected\nsentence).\n\nCompare it with:\n\n> バス降りて主人帰るや避暑の宿 --星野立子\n\nThe last part (the second sentence) is a noun, not a verb, allowing more\nflexible interpretations. In this case, it can be read as the place where the\nviewpoint is (or where the author stays at).\n\nI'm not a good poet but at least something like 木に帰る燕に我も思い出す would be more\nreadily understood.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-03T12:00:34.883", "id": "99177", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-03T12:05:40.707", "last_edit_date": "2023-04-03T12:05:40.707", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "98858", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "Japanese is a language that, exceedingly frequently, underspecifies pronouns.\nWhat this means is that the sentence _doesn't explicitly specify_ the\ninformation you're looking for. Instead, it's meant to be understood from the\ncontext. If it's absent from the context too, then it may be considered\nunimportant.\n\nOne way this might be translated into English is by passivising the sentence,\nwhich allows the subject role to be underspecified in a similar way:\n\n> The meaning and usage of 分からない will now be introduced.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-10T05:40:43.283", "id": "98862", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-10T06:00:46.013", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-10T06:00:46.013", "last_editor_user_id": "816", "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98859", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "Judging from your previous questions, I think you already know the basics of\nJapanese, so I won't explain about the grammar for now. You were unable to\nfind anything about the authors of these articles because **they intentionally\nhide such information** in order to avoid taking responsibility for the\ncontent. Their [Terms of Use](https://meaning-difference.com/?page_id=96) says\n当社, so this site seems to be run by some profit organization, but they are not\neven willing to disclose the company name.\n\nThat site has tens of thousands of articles in exactly the same format on\nrandom topics, and it's obviously impossible for one person to write them.\nIt's basically a clickbait site whose main purpose is to make money from\nonline ads, and such sites are usually not interested in the accuracy of the\narticles. This type of article is usually written by low-paid, non-\nprofessional part-time workers, and recently some are written by AI. No matter\nhow high the article may rank on Google, I strongly recommend that you do not\nuse the site's articles for serious research.\n\nSince Google's algorithm no longer rates this type of site, the number of such\nsites has decreased a little compared to a few years ago, but they are still\nthe type of site most disliked by conscientious Internet users. For more\ninformation, please search for まとめサイト or いかがでしたかブログ.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-10T07:18:48.557", "id": "98863", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-10T07:25:14.543", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-10T07:25:14.543", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98859", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "This unfortunately is an inherent ambiguity of Japanese relative clauses when\ncombined with some passive verbs. For example, 彼に求められていること can mean either\n\"things required **of** him\" and \"things required **by** him\" depending on the\ncontext, and you have to choose the correct interpretation from the context.\nIn this context, 自分に求められているもの means \"required of us\", not \"required by us\"\n(using \"us\" as the translation of 自分).\n\n> **自分に** 求められているものを人に与える。 \n> We give others things that are required **of us**.\n\n自分 **へ** 求められているもの would unambiguously mean \"things required of us\". 自分 **から**\n求められているもの ans 自分 **によって** 求められているもの would unambiguously mean \"things required\nby us\".\n\nSee also:\n\n * [Confusing 届ける 受身 form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/54988/5010)\n * [The meaning of ”あれは魔術師に与えられた祝福”](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76392/5010)\n * [How does the passive form work here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38739/5010)\n * [Particle に in passive sentences? あいつから、例の本が彼女に渡された](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/87051/5010)", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-10T07:48:02.700", "id": "98864", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-10T08:43:31.493", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-10T08:43:31.493", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98860", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "There are no rules, it is a matter of whether there exist sounds that are\nlikely to be transcribed by such combinations of kana + small kana.\n\nA relevant remark in [a Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%97%E9%9F%B3) is\n\n>\n> 主に外来語に使われる「イェ」「ウィ」「ファ」「ティ」等は、拗音と同じく2文字で1モーラの音を表す。これらのモーラが日本語の音韻体系で占める位置づけについては諸説あるが、点字（日本点字表記法）ではこれらを拗音として扱う。\n\nSo those mentioned here are common enough, but a combination like アゥ is hard\nto imagine as one-mora sound.\n\nFor the particular ones you mention, first note that ェ is more /je/, not fully\na vowel. So in theory, イェ/キェ/シェ/チェ/ニェ/ヒェ/ミェ/リェ are\n[palatalized](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%93%8B%E5%8C%96)\nエ/ケ/セ/テ/ネ/ヘ/メ/レ, but as real world examples, you mostly don't see\nキェ/ニェ/ヒェ/ミェ/リェ.\n\n * イェ: Yale university is commonly イェ―ル大学 (/je/)\n * シェ: shell is シェル (/ʃe/)\n * チェ: Czech is チェコ (/tʃe/)\n\nThe IPA may not be completely accurate, but it should give some idea for the\nsounds. For the others, they may well be used in transcribing words in Slavic\nlanguages. (Russian Нет sounds ニェット.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-10T11:30:40.280", "id": "98867", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-10T12:37:37.530", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-10T12:37:37.530", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98861", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "It consists of two sentences (where copula is omitted in both)\n\n> 小生の命も後百日のつもり\n>\n> その間身のすりきれるほど働くつもり\n\nIn the first, 小生の命 is the subject to 後{あと}百日{ひゃくにち}. It literally means _(The\nrest of) my life is (only) another hundred days_. Since it is appended by\nのつもり, the speaker says s/he would pretend as if her/his life would end in 100\ndays.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-10T11:41:34.223", "id": "98869", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-10T11:41:34.223", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98865", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "ところ makes an adverbial clause here, so you can think では is omitted.\n\n * 会計課で調べたところでは、購入記録がありました\n * As the account dept looked up, there was a purchase record.\n\n[This J-E dictionary\nentry](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E6%89%80/#je-54381) says that\nkind of ところ means _when_ , which should be practical enough. As for the\n[大辞泉](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%89%80_%28%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D%29/#jn-158611)\n(2-キ), the usage is more 範囲: _to the extent/as far as the dept looked up,..._", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-10T11:36:39.023", "id": "98868", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-10T11:36:39.023", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98866", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "No.2 from [this answer](https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/8623094.html) seems the\nstandard one. I'm just copying from there.\n\n> (1) け け く くる くれ けよ 「受く」（下二段活用）\n>\n> (2) け け くる くる くれ けよ （中間の時期）\n>\n> (3) け け ける ける けれ けよ 「受ける」（下一段活用）\n\nSo what you are missing is that there was a transition period.\n\n * (1) -> (2): this is the 終止形と連体形の合流\n * (2) -> (3): this is by analogy. The conjugation that appears most often is 連用形 (the second from left). Thus く changed to け.\n * The transition happened over the long period of time, up to the Edo era.\n\nProbably the transition to ichidan is complete only after modern\nstandardization (Meiji to early 20th century?).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-11T01:11:45.433", "id": "98874", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-11T01:11:45.433", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98870", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "I don't smoke, but the standard words should be:\n\n * cigar: 葉巻{はまき}\n * cigarette: タバコ(煙草) - the most common\n * e-cig: 電子タバコ\n\nA slang for (usually) cigarettes is ヤニ (due to\n[#2](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E8%84%82/#jn-222384)). E.g., ヤニ吸ってきます\nmeans _I'll be out for smoking_.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-11T01:02:36.970", "id": "98873", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-11T01:02:36.970", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98872", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

[ { "body": "Both are possible. \"-てごめん\" is a valid template to translate \"sorry for\".\nExample: うるさくてごめん (sorry for being noisy / for the noise [I'm responsible\nfor]). It's possible to use て form to mean \"and\" in a similar construction,\ntoo. うるさくて、ごめん、よく聞こえなかった can mean \"it's noisy here, and I'm sorry, I couldn't\nhear [what you were saying] well\". In both cases, what is noisy is made\nimplicit, and must be supplied by the context indirectly. (In other words, you\nneed to take the context into account to distinguish.)\n\nおいしくてごめん is kind of a playful phrasing that \"apologizes\" that something is too\ndelicious. That something can be a guilty pleasure food, for example.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-11T05:06:09.277", "id": "98877", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-11T05:14:49.717", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-11T05:14:49.717", "last_editor_user_id": "10531", "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "98876", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Because the te-form does whatever the verb linked to says it does. There are\nmany verbs that link to the te-form that have some special semantics in how\nthey link to it. This isn't much different from how the ing-form in English\nusually links in a generic way, but various verbs have a special way to link\nwith it.\n\nFor instance “ナイフを使ってパンを切る。” simply means “I cut bread using a knife.”,\nnothing special going on, but “ナイフを使ってほしい。” means “I want you to use a\nknife.”. Likewise, in English “I start running the car.” has special meaning.\nIn both languages, a comma can be inserted to remove the special meaning. “I\nstart, running the car.” restores the original one, as does “ナイフを使って、ほしい。”\nwhich simply means “I want, using a knife.” again. In both cases it's hard to\nthink of a concept where the decoupled meaning would be used, but it exists in\ntheory.\n\nThis is simply how both “ごめんなさい” and “ありがとう” work with the te-form.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-04-10T07:44:51.357", "id": "99286", "last_activity_date": "2023-04-10T07:44:51.357", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35937", "parent_id": "98876", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

[ { "body": "I'm a beginner student in Japanese but my textbook (JFZ series) has sections\ncalled \"New Phrases あたらしいかいわ\", where the かいわ is hiragana for 会話.\n\nThe examples of the new phrases are: すみません, けっこう, おめでとう.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-11T22:45:16.373", "id": "98880", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-11T22:45:16.373", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "29665", "parent_id": "98879", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "I think this is a gray area. Strict people might say this use of 会話 is\nquestionable, but I wouldn't go so far as to say it's unnatural. Unlike 会話, 話\nis clearly a loose word that can safely refer to both a long one (tale) and a\nshort one (comment, statement). So, if you're worried, 相手の **話** を聞いた後に or 相手の\n**発言** を聞いた後に is safer in this situation.\n\n(By the way, I think I've seen \"her chat\" refer to an individual statement. It\nmay have been questionable, but it made perfect sense in the context.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-12T01:45:20.247", "id": "98881", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-12T01:45:20.247", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98879", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Your understanding is correct. It's not a common usage. Irrespective of its\nlength, 会話 involves at least two parties. For 相手の会話 to make sense (in the\nconventional usage of the word), 相手 must consist of multiple people and they\nmust be having a conversation among themselves, as suggested in the comments.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-12T08:35:26.497", "id": "98883", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-12T08:35:26.497", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "43676", "parent_id": "98879", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "If you mean physical bed, then it's always ベッド.\n\n床{とこ} is only used in idioms like 床に就く meaning _go to bed_. 寝 should be\nmentioned similarly because _go to bed_ can be translated as 寝る. 寝 itself\nmeans more _to sleep_ than furniture for sleeping.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-12T10:21:55.377", "id": "98885", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-12T10:21:55.377", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98882", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

[ { "body": "Yes, it's ふだ (札 in kanji).\n\n> ### [令状](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E7%8A%B6)\n>\n> 司法警察職員の隠語では、令状を総称して、また逮捕状の意味で「フダ」（札）とも呼ぶ。\n\nI think this is called ふだ because of its association with\n[_ofuda_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofuda).\n\nI don't know if this is a mistake or intentional. This is not a term everyone\nknows, so replacing it for the sake of clarity is at least understandable. We\noften see slang and sensitive words replaced with common words in\ntranscriptions of interviews with ordinary people, but it is rare to see the\nsame thing done in official subtitles of games.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-12T12:27:52.070", "id": "98889", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-12T12:39:28.807", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-12T12:39:28.807", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98884", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "I can think of two differences between 何やら and 何か.\n\n * 何やら is always an adverb. 何か works as both an adverb and a noun.\n * 何やら always indicates that the speaker is wondering what it is. 何か is just \"something,\" so it can also be used 1) when the speaker knows what it is but doesn't want to (or doesn't see the need to) reveal it, or 2) when the speaker thinks anything is okay.\n\nFor example, \"He's eating something\" can be translated either as 彼は何かを食べている or\n彼は何やら食べている, but the latter has a stronger sense of the observer's wondering.\n\"I want something to eat\" is 何か食べるもの, but not 何やら食べるもの. \"If you win, I'll give\nyou (a certain) something\" is (とある)何かを差し上げます, but not 何やら差し上げます.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-12T13:53:58.443", "id": "98891", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-12T13:53:58.443", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98888", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "> What could this mean? Isn't ~ようになる intransitive?\n\nWhile you're right that ようになる is 自動詞, but 揶揄{からか}う is not. You're parsing the\nsentence as :\n\n> 二人は関係を [揶揄われるよう] になった。\n\nWhereas it should've been\n\n> 二人は [関係を揶揄われる] よう になった。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-12T17:05:06.533", "id": "98893", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-12T17:05:06.533", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "39855", "parent_id": "98890", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "* Yes, 戦うて (pronounced タタコーテ) is an archaism for 戦って. It's an [ウ音便](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42890/5010) version of 戦いて (pronounced タタカイテ), which is an old form of 戦って (see [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17497/5010)).\n * Xとやら means \"what you call X\", \"something/someone called X\" or \"so-called X\". This is a quotative-と followed by [this やら](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/62589/5010), but you can think of it as a fixed suffix-like expression. This usually has a nuance of being doubtful (i.e., \"It's called X, but I'm not sure what X is or whether X is a correct name\"). A samurai should be familiar with real cavalries, so he might have found it strange to call [this game](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%A6) 騎馬戦.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-13T00:21:36.270", "id": "98896", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-13T04:04:52.813", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-13T04:04:52.813", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98895", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "It's actually not “〜に” but “〜には”. This usage can never occur without “〜は”.\n\nIt's actually very similar in nuance to the infinitive in English, the\nsentence means:\n\n> Experience with failure is useful **to properly deal with failure**.\n\nOther such sentences can be:\n\n> 恋と呼ぶには気持ち悪い = It's disgusting to call this love.\n\n> ものを買うには金が必要だ = One needs money to buy things.\n\nIt's often said to indicate a purpose, but much as with English “to” that's\nnot necessarily the case as one can see in the case of “恋と呼ぶには気持ち悪い”\n\nNote that one can not use it like this:\n\n> パソコンを買うにはここに来た != I came here to buy a p.c..\n\nFor that sentence one must use:\n\n> パソコンを買いにここに来た\n\nAttaching “〜に” to the continuative form of a verb. In general it's only used\nfor abstract, general statements of purpose, not concrete instances.\n\n<https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF-ni-wa-\nmeaning/>", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-13T06:40:52.847", "id": "98901", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-13T06:40:52.847", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35937", "parent_id": "98897", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "Are these not just a subset of 異世界? The very long light novel name certainly\nchecks out, and the only thing which is a bit restrictive is that you\nspecified they should involve VR.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-13T05:37:43.647", "id": "98900", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-13T05:37:43.647", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "98898", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "I do not think something can become a whole genre very easily, and \"VR MMORPG\"\nis very specific even for a sub-genre.\n\n_isekai_ refers to being transported or reborn into another world and some of\nthe titles you refer to definitely belong to this group. _Isekai_ is a sub-\ngenre of fantasy.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-13T07:07:31.153", "id": "98902", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-13T07:07:31.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55721", "parent_id": "98898", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "[もの is the suffix to form a genre\nname](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/82400/5010), so the phrase you want\nis simply **\" VR MMORPGもの\"**, or **\" VRMMOもの\"** for short. 系 is another suffix\nfor this, so you can say VRMMO系のアニメ, etc. For example, [this\npage](https://www.cg-con.com/topics/30378/) introduces 9 popular light novels\nof this (sub)genre, including 防振り.\n\nHowever, if I understand correctly, of the titles you listed, only SAO, .hack,\nログホラ and 防振り are truly in the VRMMO genre. In スライム倒して300年, 転スラ, 自動販売機に and\n異世スマ, the main protagonist is transported to an RPG-like fantasy isekai, but\nthe story has nothing to do with VR (virtual reality) or MMO (massively\nmultiplayer online). The characters of ダンまち live in a (somewhat RPG-like)\nfantasy world from the very beginning, and there is no isekai transfer or\ncomputer involved in the story in the first place. This may go without saying,\nbut **not all RPGs are VRMMORPGs**. Just because characters have a level or\nskills does not necessarily mean the work belongs to the VRMMO or isekai\ngenre.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-13T11:34:47.710", "id": "98906", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-13T13:11:03.967", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-13T13:11:03.967", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98898", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "衛生 is more about the concept of hygiene. 衛生的 mostly means _in terms of\nhygiene_ and normally does not replace 清潔だ.\n\n清潔 usually means physical bacteria-freeness.\n\n* * *\n\n * 部屋を清潔に保つ keep the room clean\n * 部屋を衛生的に保つ\n\nThe latter may be passable, but is at least less idiomatic than the former.\n\n * 清潔な手 clean hands\n * ??衛生的な手\n\nThe latter is hardly possible. On the other hand, 清潔な食器 would be _dishes that\nare clean now_ ; 衛生的な食器 means _bacteria-proof_ (?), with some coating, for\nexample. That is, 衛生的な食器 does not talk about whether or not it's clean now\nrather about the way it is made.\n\n衛生的 is more often used as in 衛生的によくない (bad in terms of hygiene).\n\n * 外から帰ってきて手を洗わないのは衛生的によくない\n * (Literally) not washing your hands when coming home from outside is not good in terms of hygiene.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-13T13:31:51.007", "id": "98907", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-13T13:31:51.007", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "98905", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[]

[ { "body": "It seems like a typo. Perhaps they rewrote it from 「20歳以上であることを確認できない場合には...」\nand left out one redundant で accidentally.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-14T00:04:32.587", "id": "98912", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-14T00:04:32.587", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "98910", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

[ { "body": "This is slang.\n\nOriginally, 系 is a technical-sounding suffix that means \"family\",\n\"(sub)system\" or \"series\" (see\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/70577/5010)). For example, 太陽系\nmeans \"solar system\". 系 is also used to categorize genres/types of art, people\netc (eg ジャズ系の音楽, 北欧系の人,\n[小動物系](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/60734/5010)の女性).\n\nIn slangy speech, people use 系 somewhat freely and say \"アニメが好き系？\" (\"Are you\nthe anime-loving type?\"), \"よく食べる系の人\" (\"type of person who eats a lot\"), and so\non. Some young people even stretch this and use 系 almost meaninglessly, and\n\"レポート進んでる系?\" is such an example. Its literal meaning is something like \"Are\nyou the type whose report is in progress?\", but you can translate it simply as\n\"What's up with your report?\". Likewise, if a\n[charai](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5094/5010) person says\n\"一緒にお昼食べる系?\", it just means \"How about having lunch with me?\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-14T02:42:38.120", "id": "98913", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-14T02:50:43.483", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-14T02:50:43.483", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98911", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

[ { "body": "Judging from the [live Tweet\nsearch](https://twitter.com/search?q=%22%E3%83%A1%E3%83%81%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%22&src=typed_query&f=live),\nthis seems to be an adverb meaning \"very\" or \"a lot\". I didn't know it,\neither, but it's intuitively understandable as a mix of\n[めちゃめちゃ](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%BB%85%E8%8C%B6%E6%BB%85%E8%8C%B6/)\nand\n[めためた](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%82%81%E3%81%9F%E3%82%81%E3%81%9F/).\nThis word seems to exist, but there is no need to memorize it. It is used less\nthan once a week in the entire Twitter community.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-15T00:20:44.667", "id": "98921", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-15T00:20:44.667", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98914", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

[ { "body": "These expressions (1 to 10) are all correct, but you've \"compressed\" them\nincorrectly.\n\n * とはまでは and ところはまでは are wrong. Why use two contrastive は's?\n * ところはいかないが is wrong. You have to use まで and say ところ **まで** はいかないが.\n * いかずても is wrong. This must always be いかずとも.\n\nAlso note that these can be easily split into more basic rules and patterns,\nand I can easily think of many other variations including とまでいかないにしたって,\nとまで言うわけでもないが, とまではいくといえなくとも, とまでじゃなくても and\nとまでは言わね[ど](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/98918/5010). I felt the same\nthing when you asked [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/98498/5010),\nbut there are countless combinations, so you should stop trying to \"compress\"\nthem halfway and memorize them all.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-03-15T01:41:27.987", "id": "98924", "last_activity_date": "2023-03-15T01:59:51.923", "last_edit_date": "2023-03-15T01:59:51.923", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "98915", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]