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Get the calendar now before it sells out. | [
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We also have bundles and special calendar deals with some of your favorite products. | [
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Thank you so much to all of the thousands of birbs who get the calendar every year. | [
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With every purchase you support the Kurzgesagt division of sparking curiosity and inspiring people all around the world. | [
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We wish you an epic year 12,024. | [
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What is evolution? | [
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Evolution is the development of life on Earth. | [
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Evolution tells us how it was possible for the enormous diversity of life to develop. | [
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It shows us how primitive protozoa could become the millions of different species that we see today. | [
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Evolution, then, is the answer to the question that we have all asked on seeing a Daxun and a Great Dane together. | [
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How is it possible for ancestors to have descendants that look so very different to them? | [
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In answering this question, we want to focus on animals, excluding other forms of life such as fungi and plants. | [
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The first question to ask is therefore, how can one animal develop into a whole new species of animal? | [
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What exactly is a species? | [
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To understand this answer better, we need to take a closer look at the following points. | [
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Let's begin with uniqueness. | [
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Every creature that exists is unique, and this is essential for evolution. | [
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They may be a bit bigger, fatter, stronger or bolder than their fellow animals. | [
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So, what is the reason for these differences? | [
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Every creature is made up of cells. | [
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The nucleus contains the chromosomes, and the chromosomes hold the DNA. | [
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They contain instructions and orders for the cells, and determine the characteristics and traits that living creatures have. | [
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And it's precisely this DNA that is unique to every creature. | [
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It's slightly different from individual to individual, which is why each has slightly different characteristics. | [
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One key factor is the excess production of offspring. | [
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In nature, we can observe that creatures generally produce far more offspring than is necessary for the survival of their species, | [
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This is one factor in increasing diversity within a species. | [
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The more offspring that are produced, the more little differences occur. | [
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Two very interesting factors come into play in this process – recombination and mutation. | [
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Recombination is the random mixing of the DNA of two creatures. | [
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When two creatures fall in love and mate, they recombine their genes twice. | [
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The gametes take half of the genes and shuffle them. | [
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The second recombination occurs when a male inseminates a female. | [
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This is also the reason why we protect our sexual organs during X-rays, whilst other parts of the body are not at risk. | [
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All of these processes are based on chance. | [
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As we have learned, each individual is somewhat different to its fellows, and there is extensive variation within a species. | [
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This is why creatures make so much effort to produce offspring that are as different as possible. | [
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In these niches, they were safe from excessive competition. | [
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They soon began to mate primarily with other finches that used the same niche. | [
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Over the course of many generations, these characteristics were enhanced, enabling the finches to exploit their niches successfully. | [
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