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But it also affects us personally. | [
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Every person is the result of 3.5 billion years of evolution. | [
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And that includes you. | [
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Your ancestors fought and adapted in order to survive. | [
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This survival was an extremely uncertain thing. | [
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If we consider the fact that 99% of all the species that have ever lived are extinct, then you can consider yourself part of a success story. | [
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The dinosaurs have disappeared, but you are alive, watching this video. | [
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Because you're incredibly special. | [
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A few days ago, Facebook proudly announced that they'd achieved 8 billion video views a day. | [
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That's really impressive, until you learn that in the first quarter of 2015, 725 of the thousand most viewed videos on Facebook were stolen, amassing a total of 17 billion views. | [
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Sites and content aggregators steal videos from YouTube to go viral on Facebook. | [
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These videos go viral because Facebook is cheating. | [
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They rigged their algorithm so that videos uploaded into their player are preferred to YouTube links, | [
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because users should be kept as long as possible on the site, so Facebook can show them as many ads as possible. | [
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This is, after all, their business model. | [
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But it also cheats when it comes to views. | [
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A view is counted after 3 seconds, even if the video is muted. | [
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But large numbers are impressive, so Facebook keeps pretending. | [
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Lately, this has happened to us more and more often. | [
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The most recent example amassed 3.2 million views and 140,000 shares in two days, while our own post just reached 100,000 people and got shared 1,000 times. | [
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Smarter Every Day's videos get stolen constantly, getting viewed up to 17 million times. | [
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This is really bad for independent creators. | [
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Even we, with more than a million subscribers, are dependent on the ads and exposure. | [
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Without ads, and the support of our generous patrons, we could not make videos. | [
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For a small creator, a viral video can mean the difference between a career and a hobby. | [
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On YouTube, this kind of theft is not a problem because they have major safeguards that protect content from being stolen. | [
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Although the content ID system is far from perfect, especially for film critics and gamers. | [
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Let's look at the process of claiming your copyright on Facebook in the last year. | [
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One, get an email or tweet from a fan that gives you a direct link to your video. | [
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You depend on luck to find your stolen videos. | [
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Two, search for Facebook copyright infringement on Google because it's actually faster this way. | [
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Conveniently, the video has already gained 99% of all the views it will ever get. | [
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The thief doesn't have to fear any negative consequences at all. | [
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This is what successful creators have to deal with constantly. | [
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And on top of losing out in terms of exposure and money, it just feels like a violation to be treated like that. | [
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And Facebook does not share the profits made from it. | [
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At this point, Facebook is not a partner creators look forward to working with. | [
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They've built their video empire on stolen content and disregard for original content creators. | [
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This is absolutely unacceptable for a corporation worth billions of dollars. | [
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Facebook is already testing various monetization models that will give the uploaders a cut of the ad revenue, which with the current state of play is troubling. | [
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Right now, this is mainly being tested with big media companies. | [
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But as creators, we don't feel like we're being asked or taken into consideration by the giant that is Facebook. | [
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Staying alive is about doing things. | [
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As we've discussed in other videos, at different scales, the physical laws of the universe have different consequences for its inhabitants. | [
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Slowly, all the sugar molecules will spread out and form multiple phases of different concentrations. | [
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These random movements continue endlessly until at some point, the sugar will be spread evenly in the water. | [
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The great thing about diffusion is that life can use it for free. | [
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It doesn't require energy. | [
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And life loves free things. | [
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So all life on Earth relies on diffusion. | [
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Let's look at the smallest living being on Earth, a bacterium. | [
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Cell membranes allow for diffusion of certain molecules. | [
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This specific bacterium consumes oxygen to live, while carbon dioxide is produced inside as a waste product. | [
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So inside the bacterium, there isn't a lot of oxygen, but a lot of carbon dioxide. | [
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But this kind of breathing only works for the very small world. | [
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Insects, for example, have a fine network of trachea, tunnels with a pressure gradient, where air very slowly can diffuse in and exchange gases with the insect cells. | [
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But even insects seem to be able to contract their trachea, and at least some even have specialized breathing organs like spiracles and air sacs. | [
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At certain scales, diffusion is just too slow to keep cells alive. | [
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The fundamental problem is that the exchange with the environment can only happen at the surface, and diffusion of materials can only sustain a certain amount of inside. | [
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Tiny living things have only a little bit of inside, or volume, and a lot of outside, or surface area. | [
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We would sadly be messed up by the square cube law. | [
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In a nutshell, it means that if you make something ten times larger, its outside, or surface, would grow by 100, but its insides, or volume, grows by 1000 times. | [
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