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pythondev | help | `from collections import defaultdict`
<@Jettie> this better, agree :taco: | 2019-03-02T07:36:04.289700 | Jung | pythondev_help_Jung_2019-03-02T07:36:04.289700 | 1,551,512,164.2897 | 11,721 |
pythondev | help | apologies for the bad advice :disappointed: | 2019-03-02T07:43:45.290000 | Vanita | pythondev_help_Vanita_2019-03-02T07:43:45.290000 | 1,551,512,625.29 | 11,722 |
pythondev | help | How do we identify if a function can take function as an argument?
what am i trying to do - learn decorators | 2019-03-02T07:52:40.290900 | Lanelle | pythondev_help_Lanelle_2019-03-02T07:52:40.290900 | 1,551,513,160.2909 | 11,723 |
pythondev | help | I have one Model with those fields:
name
clicks
cost
impressions
breakdown
And need to fill this Model with different data according to breakdown field.
is any other way to used those fields once[name
clicks
cost
impressions] and to change only breakdown?
once with breakdown='age'
ex:
name = 3
clicks = 4
cost =5
impressions =6
breakdown = 'age'
agedata = Model(name = name,
clicks = clicks,
cost =cost,
impressions =impressions,
breakdown = breakdown)
agedata.save()
and once with breakdown='gender'
ex:
name = 4
clicks = 7
cost =9
impressions =8
breakdown = 'gender'
genderdata = Model(name = name,
clicks = clicks,
cost =cost,
impressions =impressions,
breakdown = breakdown)
genderdata.save()
and once with breakdown='region'
ex:
name = 5
clicks = 6
cost =8
impressions =2
breakdown = 'region'
genderdata = Model(name = name,
clicks = clicks,
cost =cost,
impressions =impressions,
breakdown = breakdown)
regiondata.save() | 2019-03-02T08:38:57.291400 | Lourie | pythondev_help_Lourie_2019-03-02T08:38:57.291400 | 1,551,515,937.2914 | 11,724 |
pythondev | help | updating the offending dependency fixed the issue. | 2019-03-02T09:53:39.294100 | Deangelo | pythondev_help_Deangelo_2019-03-02T09:53:39.294100 | 1,551,520,419.2941 | 11,725 |
pythondev | help | <@Lanelle> maybe by checking if function argument has `hasattr(obj, '__call__')` | 2019-03-02T09:54:16.294900 | Soo | pythondev_help_Soo_2019-03-02T09:54:16.294900 | 1,551,520,456.2949 | 11,726 |
pythondev | help | <@Lourie> you can make use of `*args and **kwargs` | 2019-03-02T10:11:37.296000 | Soo | pythondev_help_Soo_2019-03-02T10:11:37.296000 | 1,551,521,497.296 | 11,727 |
pythondev | help | Can you refer to example as a sample? | 2019-03-02T10:12:36.297100 | Lourie | pythondev_help_Lourie_2019-03-02T10:12:36.297100 | 1,551,521,556.2971 | 11,728 |
pythondev | help | ```def foo(required, *args, **kwargs):
print(required)
if args:
print(args)
if kwargs:
print(kwargs)``` | 2019-03-02T10:15:07.297500 | Soo | pythondev_help_Soo_2019-03-02T10:15:07.297500 | 1,551,521,707.2975 | 11,729 |
pythondev | help | All of fields are required in different calls | 2019-03-02T10:27:57.298500 | Lourie | pythondev_help_Lourie_2019-03-02T10:27:57.298500 | 1,551,522,477.2985 | 11,730 |
pythondev | help | <@Lanelle> python is not strongly typed, and everything in Python is a first class object, so any function can technically take another function as an argument | 2019-03-02T11:06:58.300000 | Ashley | pythondev_help_Ashley_2019-03-02T11:06:58.300000 | 1,551,524,818.3 | 11,731 |
pythondev | help | <@Lourie> avoid making a "god object". If your function does something different depending on what arguments are passed to it, you should break it up into different functions | 2019-03-02T11:10:38.301800 | Ashley | pythondev_help_Ashley_2019-03-02T11:10:38.301800 | 1,551,525,038.3018 | 11,732 |
pythondev | help | Or perhaps consider making this a class where you can have methods and can make incremental changes to the state of the object | 2019-03-02T11:11:52.302700 | Ashley | pythondev_help_Ashley_2019-03-02T11:11:52.302700 | 1,551,525,112.3027 | 11,733 |
pythondev | help | when running `urllib.request.urlopen("<http://learncodethehardway.org/words.txt>").readlines()` it outputs results with a 'b' in front? (Ex: `[b'test']`)
Is there a reason it does that? And how can I remove the b from the results? | 2019-03-02T11:52:31.304200 | Annabell | pythondev_help_Annabell_2019-03-02T11:52:31.304200 | 1,551,527,551.3042 | 11,734 |
pythondev | help | That's just debug output format, indicating it's a byte string instead of unicode. It's not part of the actual content, same as the quotes. | 2019-03-02T12:07:38.305700 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-02T12:07:38.305700 | 1,551,528,458.3057 | 11,735 |
pythondev | help | React is a JavaScript framework for designing responsive web pages. | 2019-03-02T12:13:26.305800 | Valeri | pythondev_help_Valeri_2019-03-02T12:13:26.305800 | 1,551,528,806.3058 | 11,736 |
pythondev | help | That makes sense because when I run `', '.join([b'test'])` I get this error:
"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance, bytes found"
If I converted it to unicode would it work? | 2019-03-02T12:20:37.307000 | Annabell | pythondev_help_Annabell_2019-03-02T12:20:37.307000 | 1,551,529,237.307 | 11,737 |
pythondev | help | Yep. If it's a text file it's likely just ASCII to start with, or maybe UTF-8. | 2019-03-02T12:36:06.307900 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-02T12:36:06.307900 | 1,551,530,166.3079 | 11,738 |
pythondev | help | Or if you wanted to just keep them as byte strings, you can use `b', '.join()`. | 2019-03-02T12:39:23.308400 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-02T12:39:23.308400 | 1,551,530,363.3084 | 11,739 |
pythondev | help | Awesome. That helped me out a lot. Thanks for helping me through it.
<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4981977/how-to-handle-response-encoding-from-urllib-request-urlopen>
```
a = urllib.request.urlopen("<http://learncodethehardway.org/words.txt>").readlines()
>>> a[0]
b'account\n'
>>> a[0].decode('utf-8').strip()`'account'
'account'
``` | 2019-03-02T12:50:08.309500 | Annabell | pythondev_help_Annabell_2019-03-02T12:50:08.309500 | 1,551,531,008.3095 | 11,740 |
pythondev | help | How can I execute distributed complex workflow using celery? If celery does not support this then what are other options?
If I have multiple microservices and If I want to orchestrate a workflow from one service using celery. How can I do this? | 2019-03-02T13:12:57.310600 | Barney | pythondev_help_Barney_2019-03-02T13:12:57.310600 | 1,551,532,377.3106 | 11,741 |
pythondev | help | have N producers that create tasks and M workers | 2019-03-02T13:28:02.311000 | Jettie | pythondev_help_Jettie_2019-03-02T13:28:02.311000 | 1,551,533,282.311 | 11,742 |
pythondev | help | now you're distributed | 2019-03-02T13:28:07.311200 | Jettie | pythondev_help_Jettie_2019-03-02T13:28:07.311200 | 1,551,533,287.3112 | 11,743 |
pythondev | help | does anyone know a work around to install ctypes on macos? | 2019-03-02T15:25:27.311900 | Susie | pythondev_help_Susie_2019-03-02T15:25:27.311900 | 1,551,540,327.3119 | 11,744 |
pythondev | help | <@Barney> We're going to need more information about what exactly you're hoping to accomplish. "Orchestrate a workflow" is so broad it's effectively meaningless when coming up with solutions. What is the workflow? How does it need to be orchestrated? | 2019-03-02T15:28:14.313100 | Carmen | pythondev_help_Carmen_2019-03-02T15:28:14.313100 | 1,551,540,494.3131 | 11,745 |
pythondev | help | ``` from ..appTwo import views
urlpatterns = [
path('',views.index),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
``` | 2019-03-02T16:12:00.315600 | Lael | pythondev_help_Lael_2019-03-02T16:12:00.315600 | 1,551,543,120.3156 | 11,746 |
pythondev | help | ValueError: attempted relative import beyond top-level package | 2019-03-02T16:12:24.316000 | Lael | pythondev_help_Lael_2019-03-02T16:12:24.316000 | 1,551,543,144.316 | 11,747 |
pythondev | help | How to fix it in django? | 2019-03-02T16:12:49.316700 | Lael | pythondev_help_Lael_2019-03-02T16:12:49.316700 | 1,551,543,169.3167 | 11,748 |
pythondev | help | I have this in AppTwo.views ```def index(request):
return HttpResponse("<em>My Second Project</em>") ``` | 2019-03-02T16:13:46.317300 | Lael | pythondev_help_Lael_2019-03-02T16:13:46.317300 | 1,551,543,226.3173 | 11,749 |
pythondev | help | <@Lael> It appears that you are aiming for a certain directory, but are landing somewhere else.
This article will help you understand pros/cons for absolute vs. relative imports.
<https://realpython.com/absolute-vs-relative-python-imports/> | 2019-03-02T16:57:38.320900 | Marla | pythondev_help_Marla_2019-03-02T16:57:38.320900 | 1,551,545,858.3209 | 11,750 |
pythondev | help | hi, aside from packaged libs and projects means for reuse, is *setup.py* recommended for a web service? | 2019-03-02T18:20:21.322700 | Deangelo | pythondev_help_Deangelo_2019-03-02T18:20:21.322700 | 1,551,550,821.3227 | 11,751 |
pythondev | help | what is the appropriate typing hint to set as the return value in this case?
```
from typing import *
def my_function(some_model: 'SomeModel') -> :
return some_model.objects.create()
``` | 2019-03-02T19:04:11.324600 | Helga | pythondev_help_Helga_2019-03-02T19:04:11.324600 | 1,551,553,451.3246 | 11,752 |
pythondev | help | `Off-topic` Hello , folks! I'm looking for a way to easy deploy python/php scripts on virtual machines (mostly google cloud), the goal is to run each script with different arguments. I was thinking about docker containers and maybe kubernetes, but how to automate running scripts with different arguments? | 2019-03-02T19:14:48.325000 | Karen | pythondev_help_Karen_2019-03-02T19:14:48.325000 | 1,551,554,088.325 | 11,753 |
pythondev | help | That's almost an impossible question to answer without more context | 2019-03-02T20:06:59.325700 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-02T20:06:59.325700 | 1,551,557,219.3257 | 11,754 |
pythondev | help | Kubernetes is great for deploying containers. If you want different arguments then just make a new k8s deployment with them | 2019-03-02T20:08:13.327200 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-02T20:08:13.327200 | 1,551,557,293.3272 | 11,755 |
pythondev | help | If they are a short lived "job" rather than a service, use a k8s job | 2019-03-02T20:08:31.327900 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-02T20:08:31.327900 | 1,551,557,311.3279 | 11,756 |
pythondev | help | If it's a cronjob running at specific times, use a k8s cronjob. However if you are struggling with this question i would read up more on deployment pipelines | 2019-03-02T20:09:26.329600 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-02T20:09:26.329600 | 1,551,557,366.3296 | 11,757 |
pythondev | help | `'SomeModel'` as a string if you are using < Python 3.7. This is similar to how Django requires strings for ForeignKey references where the model is not yet declared.
If you are on 3.7+, `PEP563` suggests including:
`from __future__ import annotations`
This allows for setting the return value as the model itself instead of a string, as in `SomeModel`. | 2019-03-02T21:55:22.329900 | Marla | pythondev_help_Marla_2019-03-02T21:55:22.329900 | 1,551,563,722.3299 | 11,758 |
pythondev | help | :thumbsup: so even though your not technically getting the model back, because a new instance was created, it is correct to set the type hint as the model in this case? | 2019-03-02T22:19:03.330100 | Helga | pythondev_help_Helga_2019-03-02T22:19:03.330100 | 1,551,565,143.3301 | 11,759 |
pythondev | help | If we check the type of a newly created instance of a model, we see that it’s `<class 'SomeModel'>`.
We can also check `isinstance(my_function(SomeModel), SomeModel)` and get `True`
I believe the model name to be the correct annotation, but someone may know more specifically. | 2019-03-02T22:29:55.330300 | Marla | pythondev_help_Marla_2019-03-02T22:29:55.330300 | 1,551,565,795.3303 | 11,760 |
pythondev | help | thank you! | 2019-03-02T23:17:58.330500 | Helga | pythondev_help_Helga_2019-03-02T23:17:58.330500 | 1,551,568,678.3305 | 11,761 |
pythondev | help | celery has canvas for workflow. but what if I have multiple microservices and each service have different tasks. I want to orchestrate the workflow of that multiple tasks. workflow means there are series of tasks it will execute in chain some of the task should run in parallel some tasks are also dependent to each other.
How can I do this? | 2019-03-03T00:33:25.331100 | Barney | pythondev_help_Barney_2019-03-03T00:33:25.331100 | 1,551,573,205.3311 | 11,762 |
pythondev | help | This could be a silly question but does anyone have any idea to convert First Class functions into normal class or class objects? | 2019-03-03T01:47:37.333100 | Myles | pythondev_help_Myles_2019-03-03T01:47:37.333100 | 1,551,577,657.3331 | 11,763 |
pythondev | help | You may want to expand on what you are really wanting to do. There are a number of ways to mix things up... you can assign attributes to functions like `func.foo`, or you can have a class behave like a function by defining the `__call__` method, etc. | 2019-03-03T01:53:17.334800 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-03T01:53:17.334800 | 1,551,577,997.3348 | 11,764 |
pythondev | help | Hi all! Is anyone here familiar with Pinax (Django) project? I just started with Django and wonder if this project can be of any help for me? | 2019-03-03T06:06:33.336600 | Blanch | pythondev_help_Blanch_2019-03-03T06:06:33.336600 | 1,551,593,193.3366 | 11,765 |
pythondev | help | Hi! Quick question! My browser is running a python script for me but I cannot see what goes wrong since everything happens in the backgroud, is there a way to open a terminal window and see the execution of the python script whilst it occurs? | 2019-03-03T13:23:08.338500 | Cheri | pythondev_help_Cheri_2019-03-03T13:23:08.338500 | 1,551,619,388.3385 | 11,766 |
pythondev | help | The python script occurs locally | 2019-03-03T13:23:14.338800 | Cheri | pythondev_help_Cheri_2019-03-03T13:23:14.338800 | 1,551,619,394.3388 | 11,767 |
pythondev | help | Anyone understands what is going on here? | 2019-03-03T14:06:23.339700 | Cheri | pythondev_help_Cheri_2019-03-03T14:06:23.339700 | 1,551,621,983.3397 | 11,768 |
pythondev | help | Well, it looks like it's decoding some sort of packet protocol which consists of a 4-byte binary length and then a chunk of JSON data. | 2019-03-03T14:13:56.341100 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-03T14:13:56.341100 | 1,551,622,436.3411 | 11,769 |
pythondev | help | I started my Django project and have little problem. It will be car-sharing app and i want not-owner of race users be able to join. Can i use permission, to give them permission to only "participants" field of model? | 2019-03-03T15:09:53.344000 | Waltraud | pythondev_help_Waltraud_2019-03-03T15:09:53.344000 | 1,551,625,793.344 | 11,770 |
pythondev | help | I have a collection of tuples in format of `(x, (a,b))`, now I want to filter the collection using a function that is only based on `x` e.g. the first element of the tuple, how to do that? | 2019-03-03T15:26:21.345600 | Lanny | pythondev_help_Lanny_2019-03-03T15:26:21.345600 | 1,551,626,781.3456 | 11,771 |
pythondev | help | Maybe something like `filter(lambda a: real_filter(a[0]), data)`? | 2019-03-03T15:30:10.346200 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-03T15:30:10.346200 | 1,551,627,010.3462 | 11,772 |
pythondev | help | Ah. Effectively, you have multiple tasks defined in different microservices, but the tasks are interdependent between the microservices. If the microservice codebases are separate, I don't think there's any way for you to use canvas to declare the task dependencies. You'd have to setup something where a task makes a call to the next microservice in its dependency chain, so that that service can initiate the next task. | 2019-03-03T15:35:14.346800 | Carmen | pythondev_help_Carmen_2019-03-03T15:35:14.346800 | 1,551,627,314.3468 | 11,773 |
pythondev | help | That works. Thanks! | 2019-03-03T15:35:17.347000 | Lanny | pythondev_help_Lanny_2019-03-03T15:35:17.347000 | 1,551,627,317.347 | 11,774 |
pythondev | help | A slightly better way might be to have an orchestrator microservice that centralizes all the calls to each microservice, and makes sure that they each get called at the appropriate time when a task is completed. | 2019-03-03T15:36:19.347200 | Carmen | pythondev_help_Carmen_2019-03-03T15:36:19.347200 | 1,551,627,379.3472 | 11,775 |
pythondev | help | I want a `set` of tuple elements where `(1,2)` is the same as `(2,1`). Is a custom set overriding the default set equality the only way of achieving this? | 2019-03-03T17:09:57.348900 | Lanny | pythondev_help_Lanny_2019-03-03T17:09:57.348900 | 1,551,632,997.3489 | 11,776 |
pythondev | help | You could also have a wrapper class which overrides equality for its objects but still use a regular set. Note that in both cases you may need to also override the hash calculation. | 2019-03-03T17:33:15.350100 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-03T17:33:15.350100 | 1,551,634,395.3501 | 11,777 |
pythondev | help | So are else statements even necessary? I think i was talking to you guys the other day and it seemed like they weren't | 2019-03-03T20:25:43.351000 | Demetrice | pythondev_help_Demetrice_2019-03-03T20:25:43.351000 | 1,551,644,743.351 | 11,778 |
pythondev | help | So for example. In this code. Is the else statement needed? | 2019-03-03T20:25:53.351300 | Demetrice | pythondev_help_Demetrice_2019-03-03T20:25:53.351300 | 1,551,644,753.3513 | 11,779 |
pythondev | help | None | 2019-03-03T20:26:02.351400 | Demetrice | pythondev_help_Demetrice_2019-03-03T20:26:02.351400 | 1,551,644,762.3514 | 11,780 |
pythondev | help | It very much depends on the code in question. In that specific case, no, leaving out the else won't harm the logic of the function, and it doesn't even harm the readability of the function very much. | 2019-03-03T20:59:03.353100 | Carmen | pythondev_help_Carmen_2019-03-03T20:59:03.353100 | 1,551,646,743.3531 | 11,781 |
pythondev | help | I'd tend to disagree in this case, since omitting the `else` would make it return `None` instead of `False`, which is not quite the same thing. | 2019-03-03T22:28:33.354300 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-03T22:28:33.354300 | 1,551,652,113.3543 | 11,782 |
pythondev | help | Ah, now I was thinking only about the else itself, not removing the code within the else branch. Effectively, shift the `return False` to always run as the last line of the function. | 2019-03-03T22:34:12.355300 | Carmen | pythondev_help_Carmen_2019-03-03T22:34:12.355300 | 1,551,652,452.3553 | 11,783 |
pythondev | help | Oh, gotcha, agreed. | 2019-03-03T22:45:11.355700 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-03T22:45:11.355700 | 1,551,653,111.3557 | 11,784 |
pythondev | help | Just use `frozenset([1, 2])`. Frozensets are like regular sets, but they are hashable and immutable | 2019-03-03T23:17:55.358700 | Johana | pythondev_help_Johana_2019-03-03T23:17:55.358700 | 1,551,655,075.3587 | 11,785 |
pythondev | help | anyone have ideas on how to efficiently turn this into a bulk_create method, is this possible with a foreign key? | 2019-03-03T23:24:40.358900 | Helga | pythondev_help_Helga_2019-03-03T23:24:40.358900 | 1,551,655,480.3589 | 11,786 |
pythondev | help | Hi everyone, I am totally new here and it is my pleasure to join this channel. I am using >Django-Channel 2 and I have a question how can I filter users that was already registered to sending information and not just to all of them, just subset of them! thank you | 2019-03-04T00:02:11.361600 | Dorian | pythondev_help_Dorian_2019-03-04T00:02:11.361600 | 1,551,657,731.3616 | 11,787 |
pythondev | help | Hi all,
I want to import csv_utils.py file into kafka.py. However this code isn't work and throw module not found error. I am using Mac but my code should also run on Windows/Linux because of distributing. Because of that, I couldn't find a solution for me on Stackoverflow etc.
How can I relativly import this util ?
Application
scripts
utils
csv_utils.py
tests
kafka.py
from scripts.utils.csv_utils import CsvUtils | 2019-03-04T03:02:21.363700 | Shirly | pythondev_help_Shirly_2019-03-04T03:02:21.363700 | 1,551,668,541.3637 | 11,788 |
pythondev | help | Do you have `__init__.py` files to indicate that the subdirectories are modules? | 2019-03-04T03:09:54.364200 | Sasha | pythondev_help_Sasha_2019-03-04T03:09:54.364200 | 1,551,668,994.3642 | 11,789 |
pythondev | help | Yes I have | 2019-03-04T03:10:07.364400 | Shirly | pythondev_help_Shirly_2019-03-04T03:10:07.364400 | 1,551,669,007.3644 | 11,790 |
pythondev | help | how you run script (kafka.py ?) ? | 2019-03-04T03:12:00.365500 | Remedios | pythondev_help_Remedios_2019-03-04T03:12:00.365500 | 1,551,669,120.3655 | 11,791 |
pythondev | help | show please command | 2019-03-04T03:12:14.365800 | Remedios | pythondev_help_Remedios_2019-03-04T03:12:14.365800 | 1,551,669,134.3658 | 11,792 |
pythondev | help | so, probably you should try to run this kafka.py inside `scripts` folder. for example:
```
python -m tests.kafka
``` | 2019-03-04T03:15:08.366700 | Remedios | pythondev_help_Remedios_2019-03-04T03:15:08.366700 | 1,551,669,308.3667 | 11,793 |
pythondev | help | I am in tests folder and I run locust -f kafka.py ..... | 2019-03-04T03:27:43.367200 | Shirly | pythondev_help_Shirly_2019-03-04T03:27:43.367200 | 1,551,670,063.3672 | 11,794 |
pythondev | help | inside `tests` folder you have not access to `utils` and you cannot relative import this.
if you want use relative import as you wrote `from scripts.utils.csv_utils import CsvUtils` you need to run script outside `scripts` folder. | 2019-03-04T03:31:14.369200 | Remedios | pythondev_help_Remedios_2019-03-04T03:31:14.369200 | 1,551,670,274.3692 | 11,795 |
pythondev | help | if you will run locust/script like `python -m scripts.tests.kafka` then you will be able to import like you want | 2019-03-04T03:32:19.370400 | Remedios | pythondev_help_Remedios_2019-03-04T03:32:19.370400 | 1,551,670,339.3704 | 11,796 |
pythondev | help | if you want use relative import as you wrote `from scripts.utils.csv_utils import CsvUtils` you need to run script outside `scripts` folder. | 2019-03-04T03:33:32.370700 | Shirly | pythondev_help_Shirly_2019-03-04T03:33:32.370700 | 1,551,670,412.3707 | 11,797 |
pythondev | help | I tried this, its also not working for me. Throws same error | 2019-03-04T03:33:48.371200 | Shirly | pythondev_help_Shirly_2019-03-04T03:33:48.371200 | 1,551,670,428.3712 | 11,798 |
pythondev | help | however I didn't use sys.path.append or something. Could it be ? | 2019-03-04T03:34:27.372100 | Shirly | pythondev_help_Shirly_2019-03-04T03:34:27.372100 | 1,551,670,467.3721 | 11,799 |
pythondev | help | you can use sys.path for this. but it will be trick (for me it not good idea)
for example
```
import sys
from pathlib import Path
file = Path(__file__).resolve()
parent, root = file.parent, file.parents[1]
sys.path.append(str(root))
``` | 2019-03-04T03:35:40.372700 | Remedios | pythondev_help_Remedios_2019-03-04T03:35:40.372700 | 1,551,670,540.3727 | 11,800 |
pythondev | help | Hello everyone.
```
from collections import defaultdict
In [70]: example = defaultdict(list)
In [71]: example['numbers']
Out[71]: []
In [72]: example['numbers'].append('first')
In [73]: example['numbers'].append('second')
In [74]: example['numbers'].append('third')
In [75]: example['colors']
Out[75]: []
In [76]: example['colors'].append('blue')
In [77]: example['colors'].append('black')
In [78]: example['colors'].append('yellow')
In [79]: example
Out[79]:
defaultdict(list,
{'numbers': ['first', 'second', 'third'],
'colors': ['blue', 'black', 'yellow']})
In [80]: type(example)
Out[80]: collections.defaultdict
```
Do you know how `example` to write to csv file? | 2019-03-04T04:37:05.373500 | Jung | pythondev_help_Jung_2019-03-04T04:37:05.373500 | 1,551,674,225.3735 | 11,801 |
pythondev | help | sorry not sure how `frozenset` helps here. In the set, I want to treat `(1,2)` the same as `(2,1)`. | 2019-03-04T04:59:45.373600 | Lanny | pythondev_help_Lanny_2019-03-04T04:59:45.373600 | 1,551,675,585.3736 | 11,802 |
pythondev | help | <@Jettie> Maybe you know? | 2019-03-04T05:00:08.373800 | Jung | pythondev_help_Jung_2019-03-04T05:00:08.373800 | 1,551,675,608.3738 | 11,803 |
pythondev | help | csv.DictWriter? | 2019-03-04T05:03:32.374000 | Jettie | pythondev_help_Jettie_2019-03-04T05:03:32.374000 | 1,551,675,812.374 | 11,804 |
pythondev | help | So I have the following module that has the accompanying docstring explaining what it is supposed to do. I'm stuck at line 29 since I don't know what to do next to successfully return the number of duplicates alongside the vowels in the string in tuple format. | 2019-03-04T05:08:18.374200 | Jamey | pythondev_help_Jamey_2019-03-04T05:08:18.374200 | 1,551,676,098.3742 | 11,805 |
pythondev | help | I would store vowels encountered in a dict and the number of occurence as value | 2019-03-04T05:15:18.375000 | Jimmy | pythondev_help_Jimmy_2019-03-04T05:15:18.375000 | 1,551,676,518.375 | 11,806 |
pythondev | help | then listing the keys would find all the vowels | 2019-03-04T05:15:58.375400 | Jimmy | pythondev_help_Jimmy_2019-03-04T05:15:58.375400 | 1,551,676,558.3754 | 11,807 |
pythondev | help | and the values all the occurence | 2019-03-04T05:16:10.375700 | Jimmy | pythondev_help_Jimmy_2019-03-04T05:16:10.375700 | 1,551,676,570.3757 | 11,808 |
pythondev | help | <@Jettie>
```
import csv
with open('names.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
fieldnames = ['first_name', 'last_name']
writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)
writer.writeheader()
writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Baked', 'last_name': 'Beans'})
writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Lovely', 'last_name': 'Spam'})
writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Wonderful', 'last_name': 'Spam'})
```
But <https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html#csv.DictWriter>
```
In [102]: example['numbers']
Out[102]: ['first', 'second', 'third']
```
How to get headers I know. Ok.
But how to get like this:
```
writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Baked', 'last_name': 'Beans'})
```
I don't understand. | 2019-03-04T05:16:51.375800 | Jung | pythondev_help_Jung_2019-03-04T05:16:51.375800 | 1,551,676,611.3758 | 11,809 |
pythondev | help | you need to create a dict for each row, keys should be just keys from your defaultdict, and values should be Nth elements of each list | 2019-03-04T05:37:10.376000 | Jettie | pythondev_help_Jettie_2019-03-04T05:37:10.376000 | 1,551,677,830.376 | 11,810 |
pythondev | help | I want to use google cloud pub/sub with grpc call in python. How can I implement? can someone provide good resources for this? | 2019-03-04T05:45:57.376600 | Barney | pythondev_help_Barney_2019-03-04T05:45:57.376600 | 1,551,678,357.3766 | 11,811 |
pythondev | help | Hello everyone.
```
In [83]: types = []
In [84]: types.append('some text')
In [85]: types.append('12')
In [86]: types.append('15.5')
In [87]: types.append('True')
In [88]: types.append('1/1/2019')
In [89]: types
Out[89]: ['some text', '12', '15.5', 'True', '1/1/2019']
```
Guys, I have such a list, how can I understand, is it possible to change the data type to another?
For example:
```
In [90]: types[0]
Out[90]: 'some text'
In [91]: type(types[0])
Out[91]: str
```
It only `str`, Ok.
But
```
In [92]: int(types[1])
Out[92]: 12
```
will be `int`
```
In [93]: float(types[1])
Out[93]: 12.0
```
etc
`bool` and `datetype`
Is there a library for this?
Or only I can like:
```
In [95]: for i in types:
...: try:
...: if int(i):
...: print('int =>' + str(i))
...: except ValueError:
...: pass
int =>12
```
Do I need many `if and elif`? And check every element? | 2019-03-04T06:04:26.376800 | Jung | pythondev_help_Jung_2019-03-04T06:04:26.376800 | 1,551,679,466.3768 | 11,812 |
pythondev | help | what types are you checking for? | 2019-03-04T06:06:52.377100 | Mica | pythondev_help_Mica_2019-03-04T06:06:52.377100 | 1,551,679,612.3771 | 11,813 |
pythondev | help | it's impossible to do that in the general case | 2019-03-04T06:07:04.377500 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-04T06:07:04.377500 | 1,551,679,624.3775 | 11,814 |
pythondev | help | i.e to know what types a primitive string _could_ be | 2019-03-04T06:07:12.378000 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-04T06:07:12.378000 | 1,551,679,632.378 | 11,815 |
pythondev | help | it could be anything. so yes, you would need to convert them and see if it works | 2019-03-04T06:07:27.378400 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-04T06:07:27.378400 | 1,551,679,647.3784 | 11,816 |
pythondev | help | ````for conversion_func in (int, datetime.datetime, float):
try:
conversion_func(your_input)
except ValueError:
pass``` | 2019-03-04T06:07:54.379100 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-04T06:07:54.379100 | 1,551,679,674.3791 | 11,817 |
pythondev | help | the solution to this is: don't do this. If you're learning and playing around then fair enough <@Jung>, but if not... re-think what you are doing. | 2019-03-04T06:08:55.380000 | Jonas | pythondev_help_Jonas_2019-03-04T06:08:55.380000 | 1,551,679,735.38 | 11,818 |
pythondev | help | :disappointed: I can't make that. | 2019-03-04T06:14:24.380100 | Jung | pythondev_help_Jung_2019-03-04T06:14:24.380100 | 1,551,680,064.3801 | 11,819 |
pythondev | help | ```
with open('eggs.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
spamwriter = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter='\t')
spamwriter.writerow(heads)
for i in range(m_iter):
rez = []
for head in heads:
rez.append(d[head][i])
spamwriter.writerow(rez)
``` | 2019-03-04T06:57:09.380300 | Jung | pythondev_help_Jung_2019-03-04T06:57:09.380300 | 1,551,682,629.3803 | 11,820 |
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