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Creil–Jeumont railway
The railway from Creil to Jeumont is an important French 187-kilometre long railway line, that connects Creil, a northern suburb of Paris, to Jeumont on the Belgian border. It was opened in several stages between 1847 and 1855. The opening of the LGV Nord high speed line from Paris to Lille in 1993 has decreased its importance for passenger traffic.
Route
The Creil–Jeumont railway begins near the Gare de Creil, where it branches off the Paris–Lille railway. It follows the river Oise upstream on its right bank, in generally northeastern direction. It passes through Pont-Sainte-Maxence, Compiègne, Noyon and Chauny until it turns north at Tergnier, leaving the Oise valley. It reaches the river Somme at Saint-Quentin and continues northeast. It passes through Busigny, Le Cateau-Cambrésis, and reaches the river Sambre at Ors. It follows the Sambre downstream through Aulnoye-Aymeries and the industrial town Maubeuge until it reaches its terminus Jeumont. The railway continues to Erquelinnes and Charleroi in Belgium.
Main stations
The main stations on the Creil–Jeumont railway are:
Gare de Creil
Gare de Compiègne
Gare de Saint-Quentin
Gare d'Aulnoye-Aymeries
Gare de Maubeuge
Gare de Jeumont
History
The railway was built by the Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord. The first section that was opened in 1847 led from Creil, on the Paris–Lille railway, to Compiègne. The line was extended to Chauny in 1849, and to Saint-Quentin in 1850. Finally in 1855 the section from Saint-Quentin to Jeumont was opened. Being connected to the Belgian railway network at Hautmont (towards Mons, Brussels and Amsterdam) and at Jeumont (towards Charleroi, Liège and Cologne), the railway was very important for international traffic. Since the opening of the LGV Nord high speed line between Paris and Lille in 1993, most long-distance and all international passenger traffic has shifted away from the classical Creil–Jeumont line. It remains an important railway for freight traffic and regional passenger traffic.
Services
The Creil–Jeumont railway is used by the following passenger services:
Intercités from Paris to Cambrai and Maubeuge on the section between Creil and Maubeuge
TER Hauts-de-France regional services on the whole line
References
External links
TER Picardie railway map
TER Nord-Pas-de-Calais railway map
Category:Railway lines in France
Category:Railway lines opened in 1847 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Altman House
The Altman House is a historic house at 1202 Perry Street in Helena, Arkansas. It is a 1-1/2 story brick and stone structure, designed by Estelle Altman as a residence for her family and built in 1914. It is a stylistically distinctive mixture of Classical Revival and Craftsman styling. It is roughly rectangular in plan, with an entry recessed behind a segmented-arch pediment supported by Ionic columns. The door is flanked by bevelled sidelight windows and is topped by an unusual elliptical transom window that is nearly wide. The bays which flank the entry have casement windows filled with diamond panes and topped by transom windows. A sunporch extends the building to the right side.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Phillips County, Arkansas
References
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Category:Neoclassical architecture in Arkansas
Category:Houses completed in 1914
Category:Houses in Phillips County, Arkansas
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Phillips County, Arkansas | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Maria Schell
Maria Margarethe Anna Schell (15 January 1926 – 26 April 2005) was an Austrian-Swiss actress. She ranged among the stars of German cinema in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1954, she was awarded the Cannes Best Actress Award for her performance in Helmut Käutner's war drama The Last Bridge, and in 1956, she won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival for Gervaise.
Early life
Schell was born in the Austrian capital Vienna, the daughter of actress Margarethe (née Noé von Nordberg; 1905–1995), who ran an acting school, and Hermann Ferdinand Schell (1900–1972), a Swiss poet, novelist, playwright, and owner of a pharmacy.<ref name=Ross>Ross, Lillian and Helen. The Player: A Profile of an Art], Simon & Schuster (1961) pp. 231-239</ref> Her parents were Roman Catholics. She was the older sister of actor Maximilian Schell and lesser-known actors Carl Schell (1927-2019) and Immaculata "Immy" Schell (1935-1992).
After the Anschluss in 1938, her family moved to Zürich in Switzerland. Maria Schell began commercial training, but soon entered the film business when she met the Swiss actor and director Sigfrit Steiner.
Career
Schell premiered in Steiner's 1942 film Steibruch, side by side with the well-known Swiss actor Heinrich Gretler, and took acting lessons for several theatre engagements. After World War II, she was cast in her first leading role in the 1948 film The Angel with the Trumpet, directed by Karl Hartl. She starred in such films as The Magic Box, Dr. Holl (1951), So Little Time (1952), The Heart of the Matter (1953). Her emotional acting earned her the nickname Seelchen ("little soul"), coined by her colleague Oskar Werner.
The 1956 film Gervaise directed by René Clément was also a nominee for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film; while in Hollywood, Schell met with Yul Brynner, who urged for her casting in The Brothers Karamazov (1958) in the role of Grushenka. Schell also starred with Gary Cooper in The Hanging Tree (1959), and with Glenn Ford in Cimarron (1960). Other famous movie parts included Le notti bianche (1957), Rose Bernd (1957), and Superman (1978). Schell played Mother Maria in the sequel to Lilies of the Field called Christmas Lilies of the Field, and starred opposite such actors as Marcello Mastroianni, Suzy Delair, and Marlon Brando.
In 1976, she starred in a Kojak episode, and also had three guest appearances in the German television series Der Kommissar and two in Derrick, in the episodes "Yellow He" (1977) and "Klavierkonzert" (1978). Schell also appeared on stage, including an acclaimed performance in the 1976 Broadway play Poor Murderer by Pavel Kohout and the leading role in Friedrich Dürrenmatt's play The Visit with the Schauspielhaus Zürich ensemble.
Personal Life
Schell was married twice – first to film director Horst Hächler (divorced in 1965), and second to director Veit Relin (divorced in 1986). Her daughter by her second marriage, actress Marie Theres Relin (born 1966), was married to Bavarian playwright Franz Xaver Kroetz, and has three children; she made a media and internet appearance as a spokeswoman for housewives (If Pigs Could Fly. Die Hausfrauenrevolution, 2004).
Affair with Glenn Ford
Schell admitted to carrying on a passionate love affair with Glenn Ford in 1960 on location of their film Cimarron. Ford’s son Peter confirmed her story in his 2011 biography of his father Glenn Ford: A Life. In 1981, Schell gave Ford a dachshund puppy which he named Bismarck. The dog became his favorite and a constant source of comfort for him in his later years when he became ill and bedridden. After the dog’s death, he had it cremated and requested that it be buried with him upon his death, which it was when Ford died in 2006.
Death
Maria Schell's last years were overshadowed by her ill health. She attempted suicide in 1991, and suffered repeated strokes.
Her final public appearance was at the premiere of her brother Maximilian's documentary film, My Sister Maria (2002), on her life; both were awarded the Bambi Award for their work.
Schell lived reclusively in the remote village of Preitenegg, Carinthia, in the Austrian Alps until her death from pneumonia on 26 April 2005, aged 79. Upon her death, her brother released a statement, saying in part: "Towards the end of her life, she suffered silently, and I never heard her complain. I admire her for that. Her death might have been for her a salvation. But not for me. She is irreplaceable."
Autobiographical works
1985: Die Kostbarkeit des Augenblicks. Gedanken, Erinnerungen. Langen Müller, München, .
1998: "... und wenn's a Katz is!" Mein Weg durchs Leben. Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach, .
Filmography
Steibruch (1942) as Meiti / Gretl
The Angel with the Trumpet (1948) as Selma Rosner
Maresi (1948) as Blanka von Steinville - Tochter
After the Storm (1948) as Gretel Aichinger
The Last Night (1949)
The Angel with the Trumpet (1950) as Anna Linden
A Day Will Come (1950) as Madeleine
Dr. Holl (1951) as Angelika Alberti
The Magic Box (1951) as Helena Friese-Greene
So Little Time (1952) as Nicole de Malvines
Until We Meet Again (1952) as Pamela
Dreaming Lips (1953) as Elisabeth
As Long as You're Near Me (1953) as Eva Berger
Diary of a Married Woman (1953) as Barbara Holzmann
The Heart of the Matter (1953) as Helen Rolt
The Last Bridge (1954) as Dr. Helga Reinbeck
(1955) as Barbara Bertram, geb. Hansen
Napoléon (1955) by Sacha Guitry (as Marie-Louise, Napoleon's Austrian wife) as L'archiduchesse Marie-Louise d'Autriche
Die Ratten (1955) as Pauline Karka
Gervaise (1956, by Rene Clement, from Émile Zola's L'Assommoir) as Gervaise Macquart Coupeau, une blanchisseuse douce et courageuse
Love (1956) as Anna Ballard
Rose Bernd (1957) as Rose Bernd
Le Notti Bianche (1957) as Natalia
The Brothers Karamazov (1958) as Grushenka
One Life by Alexandre Astruc (1958, from an eponym novel by Guy de Maupassant) as Jeanne Dandieu épouse de Lamare
Der Schinderhannes (1958) as Julchen
The Hanging Tree (1959) as Elizabeth Mahler
(1959) as Mana
Cimarron (1960) as Sabra Cravat
The Mark (1961) as Ruth Leighton
Das Riesenrad (1961) as Elisabeth von Hill
Only a Woman (1962) as Lilli König
(1963) as Beate Dehn
(1963) as Agnès DuvillardThe Devil by the Tail (1969) as La comtesse Diane
99 Women (1969) as Leonie Caroll
The Bloody Judge (1970) as Mother Rosa
La Provocation (1970) as Jeanne
Dans la poussière du soleil (1972) as Gertie Bradford
Chamsin (1972) as Miriam
Die Pfarrhauskomödie (1972) as Irma
The Odessa File (1974) as Frau Miller
Change (1975) as Mama
The Twist (1976) as Gretel
Voyage of the Damned (1976) as Mrs. Hauser
Kojak - Season 4, Episode 11: "The Pride and the Princess" (1976) as Sister Lepar Angelica / Princess Viva Dushan
Derrick (1977-1978) as Luisa van Doom / Erika Rabes
Superman (1978) as Vond-Ah
Christmas Lilies of the Field (1979) as Valeska Piontek
The Martian Chronicles mini-series - Season 1 (1980) as Anna Lustig
Inside the Third Reich (1983) as Mrs. Speer
Král Drozdia Brada (1984) as královna, Michalova matka
1919 (1985) as Sophie Rubin
Die glückliche Familie (1987-1991, TV Series) as Maria Behringer
Further reading
Mato Weiland: Maria Schell. Die autorisierte Maria Schell-Story. Massimo-Verlag, Wien 1959 ÖNB
Herbert Spaich: Maria Schell – ihre Filme – ihr Leben. [Heyne-Bücher, 32] Heyne-Filmbibliothek, 99, München 1986,
Hermann Josef Huber: Heitere Starparade. 300 Anekdoten von Hans Albers bis Maria Schell. Herder Taschenbuch Verl., Freiburg/Br., Basel, Wien 1989 UBS
Maximilian Schell, Gero von Boehm, Thomas Montasser: Meine Schwester Maria. Europa-Verlag, Hamburg 2004,
Maja Keppler (Red.), Deutsches Filmmuseum [Frankfurt, Main] (Hrsg.): Maria Schell, [eine Ausstellung des deutschen Filmmuseums 31. Januar bis 17. Juni 2007 Frankfurt am Main, Juli bis Oktober 2007 auf dem Schloss Wolfsberg, Kärnten (Österreich). Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Filmmuseums: Kinematograph, 22, Frankfurt am Main 2006,
"The Hanging Tree" 1959; with Gary Cooper, Karl Malden, George C. Scott
Decorations and awards
1951-1957, 1987, 2002: Bambi award
1954: Honorable Mention at the Cannes International Film Festival for The Last Bridge 1956: Volpi Cup at the Venice International Film Festival for Gervaise''
1957 and 1958: Golden and Silver Bravo Otto
1974: Merit Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany
1977: German Film Awards, Gold Award for many years of excellent work in the German film industry
1980: Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1983: Golden Camera
2002: Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
2008: Maria Schell street named in Landstrasse (Vienna's 3rd District, area Aspanggründe / Euro-gate)
References
External links
Obituary: Maria Schell (1926-2005)
Photographs and literature
Maria Schell Estate at Deutsches Filminstitut, Frankfurt am Main
Category:1926 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:Actresses from Vienna
Category:Austrian film actresses
Category:Austrian television actresses
Category:20th-century Austrian actresses
Category:People from Carinthia (state)
Category:Austrian people of Swiss descent
Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners
Category:Volpi Cup winners
Category:Recipients of the Bambi (prize)
Category:Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class | {
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1969 Tour de Romandie
The 1969 Tour de Romandie was the 23rd edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 7 May to 11 May 1969. The race started in Geneva and finished in Porrentruy. The race was won by Felice Gimondi.
General classification
References
1969
Tour de Romandie
Category:May 1969 sports events in Europe | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
SS Clan Alpine (1942)
{|
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=SS Clan Alpine stranded.JPG
|Ship image size=300px
|Ship caption=Clan Alpine stranded in 1961
}}
|}Clan Alpine was a cargo ship which was built in 1942 for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) as Empire Barrie. She was sold to Clan Line Steamers Ltd in 1947 and served with them until 1957 when she was sold to Bullard, King & Co Ltd and renamed Umvoti. In 1959 she was sold back to Clan Line and renamed Clan Alpine. She was sold for scrap in 1960 and wrecked in a cyclone in October 1960 at Chittagong, East Pakistan, finally being scrapped in February 1961.
HistoryEmpire Barrie was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland as yard number 615. She was launched on 17 January 1942 and completed in April 1942. Empire Barrie was built for the MoWT and was initially placed under the management of Allan, Black & Co. In 1944, management passed to Cayzer, Irvine & Co Ltd.
War service
In May 1943, Empire Barrie delivered 24 Spitfire aircraft to Casablanca, Morocco. JL166, JL175, JL 179, JL185, JL188 and JL219.Empire Barrie was a member of a number of convoys during the Second World War.
SL 134
Convoy SL 134 sailed from Freetown, Sierra Leone on 28 July 1943 and arrived at Liverpool on 19 August. Empire Barrie was in carrying a cargo of manganese ore from Takoradi, Gold Coast.
SC 144
Convoy SC 144 which sailed from Halifax, Nova Scotia on 11 October 1943 and arrived at Liverpool on 27 October. Empire Barrie was carrying general cargo and bound for London.
KMS 37
Convoy KMS 37 sailed from Liverpool on 25 December 1943 and arrived at Gibraltar on 7 January 1944. Empire Barrie was carrying general cargo and ammunition and was bound for Port Sudan, Aden and Dar es Salaam.
MKS 47
Convoy MKS 47 sailed from Port Said on 19 April 1944
Postwar
In 1945, Empire Barrie was sold to Clan Line Steamers Ltd and renamed Clan Alpine She was the fourth Clan Line ship to bear that name. In 1952, she underwent a series of tests with the . On 3 February 1956, six crewmembers were killed by carbon monoxide fumes from a makeshift brazier they had set up in their cabin whilst the ship was in dry dock at Glasgow undergoing repairs. In 1957 she was sold to Bullard, King and Co Ltd and renamed Umvoti, serving with them until 1959 when she was sold back to Clan Line and renamed Clan Alpine. She was sold to Japanese shipbreakers, with delivery scheduled for November 1960. Although in good condition, her maximum speed of made her too slow for the route she was employed on (United Kingdom - East Africa - India - Pakistan - Ceylon - Australia).
Final voyage
On 16 September 1960, Clan Alpine sailed from the Mersey for Chittagong, via Glasgow, the Suez Canal, Assab, Djibouti, Aden, Bombay, Cochin and Tuticorin. She arrived at Chittagong at 01:30hrs on 31 October and anchored to await a berth at the docks. Orders had been received at Bombay for Clan Alpine to proceed to Vizag or Rangoon to embark cargo bound for Japan after she had discharged her cargo at Chittagong. This was to be delivered before she made her way to Onomichi for scrapping.
It was reported that a cyclone was heading for Chittagong, and by 18:35 hrs there were reports that the wind was exceeding Force 12. Although Clan Alpine engine was at "Full Ahead" she was being dragged astern up the Sandwip Channel at dragging both anchors with her. A storm surge had struck the area. The Chittagong Meteorological Office recorded windspeeds in excess of at the height of the cyclone. It was later revealed that the wind had peaked at . At 18:50 hrs, the eye of the storm passed over the ship and at 19:25 hrs a bump was felt and it was reported that the ship had run aground. The engines were stopped, but a request was made for them to be restarted as the ship was apparently near rocks. The rocks were quickly revealed to be the tops of palm trees.
The engines and two of the three boilers were shut down, leaving one boiler supplying steam to run the generators and other auxiliary equipment. Clan Alpine had come to rest upright, some upstream of the Karnaphuli River mouth at Skonai Chori (). A message was sent by radio to Clan Line's head office in London informing them of the situation. The reply received asked for confirmation of the position of Clan Alpine. The President of Pakistan, General Mohammed Ayub Khan paid a visit to the ship by helicopter. The crew were made honorary members of the Chittagong Club, which enabled them to use bungalows owned by the club as a break from staying aboard the ship.
Salvage engineers assessed that it was practical to salvage the ship, but not economical to do so. To keep the boilers supplied with water, sea water was pumped on board during each high tide, using a diesel powered fire pump. The generators were only used at night to help preserve stocks of fresh water on board ship. Clan Alpine was carrying 2,400 tons of general cargo. A road was constructed linking the ship with the main Chittagong highway, and the cargo was discharged into lorries by using the ship's steam winches. The last of the cargo was unloaded on 4 January 1961. Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip visited the ship during the time that she was stranded. Clan Alpine was declared a constructive total loss, and sold on 14 February 1961 to East Bengal Trading Corporation Ltd and scrapped in situ. She was sold for about £50,000.
Propulsion
She was powered by a triple expansion steam engine of which was built by George Clark (1938) Ltd, Sunderland. Steam was supplied by three Scotch boilers. Electricity was supplied by two Belliss and Morcom steam powered generators.
Official number and code letters
Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers. The ship had the UK Official Number 169016. Empire Barrie and Clan Alpine'' used the Code Letters BDRD.
References
External links
Colour photo of stranded Clan Alpine from bow
Colour photo of stranded Clan Alpine from stern
Category:Ships built on the River Wear
Category:1942 ships
Category:Empire ships
Category:Ministry of War Transport ships
Category:Steamships of the United Kingdom
Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Category:Karnaphuli River
Category:Shipwrecks in the Bay of Bengal
Category:Maritime incidents in 1960 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Abdulkarim Lukman
Abdulkarim Lukman (born 6 September 1990) is a Nigerian football midfielder playing for Yemeni club Shabab Al Jeel.
Club career
Born in Jos, Lukman still teenager debuted professionally in Israel, playing with Hakoah Amidar Ramat Gan F.C. in the 2008–09 Israeli Premier League.
He spent some time back in Nigeria and with Sunshine Stars F.C. in 2013 and 2014.
Since 2014 he has been playing in Yemen with Shabab Al Jeel.
Some websites such as zerozero.pt, as of 11 November 2016, confuse him with Abengunrin Lukman Adefemi, who played with Crown F.C. in 2013 and FK Javor Ivanjica in 2013–14.
International career
He was part of the Nigerian tournament winning team at the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup played in South Korea. He made 4 appearances.
Honours
National team
Nigeria U17
FIFA U-17 World Cup: 2007
References
External links
Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Jos
Category:Nigerian footballers
Category:Nigerian expatriate footballers
Category:Sunshine Stars F.C. players
Category:Israeli Premier League players
Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Category:Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Yemen
Category:Expatriate footballers in Israel
Category:Expatriate footballers in Yemen
Category:Association football midfielders | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Vestal Goodman
Vestal Goodman (December 13, 1929 – December 27, 2003) was a singer who performed in the Southern gospel genre for more than half a century. She is known both as a solo performer and as a member of the Happy Goodman Family—which originated with her husband and his brothers and sisters—one of the pioneering groups in southern gospel music.
Goodman was the fourth of six children, and she began singing in church as a child. Raised inside the Church of God, her original intent was to study for the Metropolitan Opera, but being raised in church she felt compelled to sing gospel music.
She married Howard Goodman, a preacher nine years her senior, on November 7, 1949. They had a son Rick, and a daughter Vicki. They pastored churches and sang for congregations across the country. Along with Howard's two brothers Sam and Rusty, they became known as The Happy Goodman Family, helping pave the way for Southern gospel music during the 1960s.
With the formation of Word Records in the early 1960s, Vestal and The Happy Goodman Family were the flagship artists signed to the company. In 1969, she won the first ever Female Vocalist of the Year Dove Award. As a natural step in her career, Vestal Goodman released her first solo album, "Hallelujah!" in 1971, from which came the well-known single, "It'll All Be Over But the Shoutin'".
Her autobiography, Vestal! 'Lord I Wouldn't Take Nothin' For My Journey Now''', was published in 1999. It details her life in Southern gospel music, her heart problems, her subsequent bout with cancer and her struggle with prescription drug addiction.
The Happy Goodmans won multiple Grammy and Dove awards, charted 15 No. 1 hit songs including "I Wouldn't Take Nothin' For My Journey Now," and performed more than 3,500 concerts, including performing at the White House for President Jimmy Carter in 1979.
Goodman was honored by being named "The Queen of Southern Gospel Music", which was proclaimed in a wide array of magazines, from Rolling Stone, Billboard Magazine, Time, People, and The Singing News.'' She was also known for her trademark handkerchief, which she held in her hand during virtually every performance, sometimes waving it over her head. Comedian/singer Mark Lowry used to joke, "The anointing's in the hanky," during their Gaither Homecoming concert appearances.
She and Howard worked with many well-known musicians on the Gaither Homecoming music projects in the 1990s. She was posthumously inducted into the Gospel Music Association (GMA) Hall of Fame in 2004. The Happy Goodmans group was inducted into the GMA Hall of Fame in 1998.
Howard Goodman died on November 30, 2002, after the couple made a farewell recording and singing tour dubbed "The Final Stand."
Vestal Goodman died at the age 74 of complications from influenza while on Christmas vacation in Florida with her family. She died in the ambulance on the way to the hospital in Celebration, Florida. Her son Rick said it was very appropriate for her death that it would happen in a place called Celebration.
Worthington Music Group and Goodman Family Ministries partnered to release a collection of recordings from the family archive entitled Unsurpassed Masters Vol. 1 in 2008. The critically acclaimed album gives listeners a behind-the-scenes glimpse into the ministry of Howard and Vestal Goodman.
References
External links
Official Website
Category:1929 births
Category:2003 deaths
Category:American gospel singers
Category:Deaths from influenza
Category:Infectious disease deaths in Florida
Category:Singers from Alabama
Category:People from DeKalb County, Alabama
Category:Southern gospel performers
Category:20th-century American singers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mezco Toyz
Mezco Toyz is a toy company that makes action figures and other collectibles based on original and licensed properties. One of the popular product is the cult hit toy line Living Dead Dolls. The more popular line is its One:12 line. Other popular licensed properties include Family Guy, South Park and Hellboy. Outside of action figures and doll releases, Mezco is also known for their original block-style figures line: Mez-Itz.
Mezco Toyz was created by Michael Markowitz (Mez), the President of Mezco, who maintains himself as the driving force behind all aspects of design and development. Working with the best talents in the toy industry, Markowitz conceives and directs each line from start to finish.
Mezco Toyz was established in 2000, from the ashes of the short-lived toy production company: Aztech Toyz, which obtained recognition for their stylized line of Silent Screamers action figures based on classic black and white silent pictures from the beginning of cinema. The Silent Screamers line was renewed as one of the original releases from Mezco.
Current Toy Productions (as of February, 2012)
Original Creations:
Creepy Cuddlers: Zombies
Living Dead Dolls
Licensed Products:
Cinema Of Fear
ThunderCats
Earthworm Jim
Mars Attacks
Universal Monsters
Child's Play
South Park
Domo
LittleBigPlanet
Family Guy
Scott Pilgrim
Mezco One:12 Collective
Marvel Comics
Wolverine
Captain America
Doctor Strange
The Punisher
Spider-Man
Spider-Man (Miles Morales)
Iron Man
Red Skull
Deadpool
Old Man Logan
Daredevil
Cyclops
Blade
Ghost Rider
Black Bolt and Lockjaw
Magneto
Moon Knight
Marvel Cinematic Universe
Thor: Ragnarok
Spider-Man: Homecoming
Daredevil
Black Panther
The Punisher
Captain Marvel
DC Comics
Batman
Shazam
Darkseid
Green Arrow
Arsenal
Black Adam
The Joker
Deathstroke
The Flash
Reverse Flash
Green Lantern (John Stewart)
Commissioner Gordon
Catwoman
Green Lantern (Hal Jordan)
Aquaman
DC Extended Universe
Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice
Suicide Squad
Wonder Woman
Justice League
Halloween
Star Trek
James T. Kirk
Spock
Hikaru Sulu
Leonard McCoy
Judge Dredd
Space Ghost
Universal Monsters
Frankenstein
A Clockwork Orange
Ghostbusters
Ray Stantz
Egon Spengler
Peter Venkman
Winston Zeddmore
Evil Dead II
Diabolik
Popeye
John Wick 2
The Warriors
Mez-Itz:DC UniverseThe Dark KnightThe Dark Knight Rises Past products (licensed and originals)20,000 Leagues Under the SeaAlienAnimal HouseArmy of DarknessAustin PowersThe Blues BrothersCryptozoologyDark CarnivalDefenders of the DragonDick TracyEdward ScissorhandsGangsters Inc.The GoonHellboy (the movie)Hellboy ComicHellboy II: The Golden ArmyHeroesHoodzJack the RipperKongMiami ViceMonstersNFL: Extreme AthletesNotorious B.I.G.The OsbournesPiratesPopeyePredatorPublic EnemyReservoir DogsRoboCopScarfaceScary TalesSilent ScreamersTikiMonUnderworldThe WarriorsKongBreaking Bad''
See also
NECA
SOTA
Hot Toys
Funko
McFarlane Toys
Sideshow Collectibles
External links
Official Site
Living Dead Dolls
Mezco Action Figure Archive
Mezco Collection Archive
Category:Toy companies of the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Antal Szerb
Antal Szerb (May 1, 1901, Budapest – January 27, 1945, Balf) was a noted Hungarian scholar and writer. He is generally considered to be one of the major Hungarian writers of the 20th century.
Life and career
Szerb was born in 1901 to assimilated Jewish parents in Budapest, but baptized Catholic. He studied Hungarian, German and later English, obtaining a doctorate in 1924. From 1924 to 1929 he lived in France and Italy, also spending a year in London, England, from 1929 to 1930.
As a student, he published essays on Georg Trakl and Stefan George, and quickly established a formidable reputation as a scholar, writing erudite studies of William Blake and Henrik Ibsen among other works. Elected President of the Hungarian Literary Academy in 1933, aged just 32, he published his first novel, The Pendragon Legend (which draws upon his personal experience of living in Britain) the following year. His second and best-known work, (Journey by Moonlight) came out in 1937. He was made a Professor of Literature at the University of Szeged the same year. He was twice awarded the Baumgarten Prize, in 1935 and 1937. Szerb also translated books from English, French, and Italian, including works by Anatole France, P. G. Wodehouse, and Hugh Walpole.
In 1941 he published a History of World Literature which continues to be authoritative today. He also published a volume on the theory of the novel and a book about the history of Hungarian literature. Given numerous chances to escape anti-Semitic persecution (as late as 1944), he chose to remain in Hungary, where his last novel, a Pirandellian fantasy about a king staging a coup against himself, then having to impersonate himself, Oliver VII, was published in 1942. It was passed off as a translation from the English, as no 'Jewish' work could be printed at the time.
During the 1940s, Szerb faced increasing hostility due to his Jewish background. In 1943, Szerb's History of World Literature was put on a list of forbidden works. During the period of Communist rule, it would also be censored, with the chapter on Soviet literature redacted, and the full version would only be available again in 1990. Szerb was deported to a concentration camp in Balf late in 1944. Admirers of his attempted to save him with falsified papers, but Szerb turned them down, wanting to share the fate of his generation. He was beaten to death there in January 1945, at the age of 43. He was survived by his wife, Klára Bálint, who died in 1992.
Work
Szerb is best known for his academic works on literature. In the ten years before the Second World War, he wrote two monumental works of literary criticism, characterized by a brilliant and ironic style intended for an educated reader rather than an academic public.
In addition, Szerb wrote novellas and novels that still attract the attention of the reading public. The Pendragon Legend, Traveler and the Moonlight and The Queen's Necklace, for instance, fuse within the plot the aims of the literary critic with the aims of the novel writer. The author gives importance to the exotic in these novels, with a meta-literary outlook. In these three novels, the stage of the narrative action is always a Western European country: leaving quotidian Hungary allows the writer to transfigure the actions of his characters.
The Pendragon Legend
In his first novel, The Pendragon Legend, Szerb offers to his readers a representation of the United Kingdom and its inhabitants. England and, in particular, London, hosted Szerb for a year and not only suggested to him new and interesting directions for his research, but also offered him the background for his first novel. The Pendragon Legend is a detective story that begins in the British Museum and finishes in a Welsh castle. The author provides a non-native's look at the country, in a way that is consistent with the parody genre.
In The Quest for the Miraculous: Survey and Problematic in the Modern Novel, Szerb claims that among the literary genres he prefers the fantasy novel. It fuses the quotidian details of everyday life with the fantastic feats that he calls “the miracle”. In the case of The Pendragon Legend, this allows the reader a cathartic experience through the adventures of the Hungarian philologist who serves as the protagonist of the novel.
Traveler and the Moonlight or Journey By Moonlight
, literally, Passenger (or Traveler) and the Moonlight, published in 1937, focuses on the development of the main character, Mihály - a bright and romantic, albeit conflicted, young man who sets off for a honeymoon in Italy with his new wife, Erzsi. Mihály quickly reveals his bizarre childhood experiences to her over a bottle of wine, alluding to a set of seemingly unresolved longings for eroticism and death which Erzsi seems to only vaguely comprehend. The plainspoken disharmony between the newlyweds leads to Mihály's detached self-recognition: he is not ready to be Erzsi's husband. He then leaves his wife for his own journey through the Italian countryside and eventually Rome - figuratively tracing the sparkling fanaticisms of his juvenile imagination, even rekindling bonds with changed (and some unchanged) childhood friends - all among the impressive foreign landscapes and peculiar liveliness of its inhabitants. Szerb celebrates the exotic cult of Italy, the leitmotif of thousands of writers from the past and present, relaying his own travel impressions of Italy though the mind of his eccentric protagonist, Mihály. Szerb explores the altogether interrelatedness of love and youthfulness within bourgeois society.
The Third Tower
Szerb also published an interesting diary, The Third Tower, recounting his travels to the cities in the north of Italy - Venice, Bologna, Ravenna. Before going back home, he visited San Marino, Europe's oldest state, and Montale (San Marino) inspired the title of the book. The diary is divided into paragraphs which alternate descriptions with his personal thoughts.
Selected bibliography
, 1927
, 1936
, 1927
William Blake, 1928
, 1929 ("An Outline of English Literature")
, 1929
, 1929
, 1929
Cynthia, 1932
, 1934 ("History of Hungarian literature")
, 1934
tr.: The Pendragon Legend, , 2006
, 1935 (short stories)
tr.: Love in a Bottle, , 2010
, 1935
tr.: A Martian's Guide to Budapest, , 2015
, 1936
tr.: The Third Tower: Journeys in Italy, , 2014
, 1936 ("The Quest for the Miraculous: Survey and Problematic in the Modern Novel")
, 1937
tr.: The Traveler translated by Peter Hargitai, Püski-Corvin Press NY, NY, USA. 1994.
tr.: Journey by Moonlight, , 2014
Don't say... but say..., 1939
, 1941 ("History of World Literature")
, 1943 ("Oliver VII," published under the pseudonym A. H. Redcliff)
tr.: Oliver VII , 2007
, 1943
tr.: The Queen's Necklace, , 2009
, 1943/1944 ("100 poems")
Translations
English
The Traveler 1994 (earliest translation of )
Journey by Moonlight 2002 , 9781906548506
The Pendragon Legend 2006 (another translation published 1963)
Oliver VII 2007
The Queen's Necklace 2009
Love in a Bottle 2010
Journey by Moonlight 2014
The Third Tower: Journeys in Italy 2014
A Martian's Guide to Budapest 2015
Traveler and the Moonlight 2016
Czech
1946
1985
1998
Dutch
2007
2005 Audiobook
2006
Finnish
2008
French
1990
1992
German
1966
1978
2004
1974
2003
2005
(older translation of ) 1966
1972 (published in East Germany)
2006
(translation of ) 2006
(translation of ) 1938
Hebrew
מסע לאור ירח 2008
Italian
1989
1999
Polish
1971
1959
Slovak
1972
Slovenian
1980
2011
Spanish
1941
2000
La leyenda de los Pendragon 2004
Serbian
2009
2010
Swedish
2010
Turkish
2008
2016
See also
Jacob Sager Weinstein
References
External links
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Hungarian book foundation database
review of "Journey by Moonlight'' at complete-review.com
Guardian Review of Journey by Moonlight
Guardian Review of The Pendragon Legend
Review of Journey by Moonlight
Essay by György Poszler in The Hungarian Quarterly autumn 2002
a photo of the author at lyrikwelt.de
REVIEW : The Third Tower by Antal Szerb
Category:University of Szeged faculty
Category:Hungarian novelists
Category:Hungarian Jews
Category:1901 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category:Jewish writers
Category:Hungarian civilians killed in World War II
Category:Writers from Budapest
Category:Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery
Category:People executed by blunt trauma
Category:Hungarian people executed in Nazi concentration camps
Category:20th-century novelists
Category:Baumgarten Prize winners | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Spruce broom rust
Spruce broom rust or yellow witches' broom rust is a fungal plant disease caused by the basidiomycete fungus known as Chrysomyxa arctosphyli. It occurs exclusively in North America, with the most concentrated outbreaks occurring in northern Arizona and southern Colorado on blue and Engelmann spruce, as well as in Alaska on black and white spruce. This disease alternates its life cycle between two hosts, with the spruce serving as the primary host and bearberry (also known as kinnickinnick) serving as the secondary or alternate host. The name for the disease comes from the distinctive “witches broom”, commonly yellow in color, which forms on the spruce after young needles have been infected. Management must be carried out through physical or mechanical methods, such as the pruning of brooms or the removal of the secondary host from the area, because no chemical control measures (e.g. fungicides) have yet been determined to be economically effective. Generally, spruce broom rust is seen as a mostly cosmetic issue, and it is very rarely the direct cause of tree death; however, research has shown a reduction in overall productivity and health of infected trees, making it an important issue for logging and timber companies.
Hosts
Since this pathogen is a heteroecious rust, C. arctostaphyli has a primary and an alternate host upon which it produces different fruiting structures and different spores unique to each structure. As implied in the disease name, spruce broom rust mainly affects four spruce species: white (Picea glauca), black (Picea mariana) Engelmann (Picea engelmannii) and Colorado blue (Picea pungens). The alternate host is bearberry, which can be any of three species in the genus Arctostaphylos. This host is also sometimes referred to as kinnikinnick, which is the Native American name for common bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), which is in the family Ericaceae. The plant is named for the red edible berries it produces, which are a favorite food of bears when they can get them. They follow a similar life cycle to spruce, as they are both evergreens. There is also another far less common, yet still viable alternate host, manzanita (Arctostaphylos spp.).
Signs and symptoms
Spruce Broom Rust is named from the so-called “witches brooms” which form as a result of infected needles on the spruce host. The “brooms” are actually needles that were infected from basidiospores from the bearberry alternate host in spring. Twig tissue is typically infected as well, allowing hyphae to spread into an entire branch of needles. In midsummer, bright yellow pustules which make up the broom can be seen. These are actually aecia containing aeciospores for dispersal, making the broom a sign of disease. From afar, there will appear to be a yellowing broom erupting from a portion of a spruce tree. As summer progresses, the aecia (infected needles) will begin to turn brown. In terms of symptoms of spruce broom rust, twigs of the brooms themselves are typically shorter and thicker than normal. Another common symptom is the formation of a canker or gall at the base of the broom. The main damage from the rust is simply overall volume and growth loss. The number of brooms as well as their proximity to the main stem can also play a role in determining the extent of the damage to the tree.
Disease Cycle
Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli is an obligate parasite, and as with most other rust fungi diseases, spruce broom rust requires two different host plants to carry out its life cycle and is therefore referred to as heteroecious. The primary or aecial host of the rust is spruce (Picea spp.), and the secondary or telia host of the rust is bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi). The alternative bearberry host is necessary for aeciospore germination, and is therefore essential for the rust's lifecycle. Spruce broom rust is a macrocyclic rust, meaning that the fungus produces more spore types in addition to teliospores and basidiospores. In midsummer, aecia appear on the epidermis of spruce needles as orange pustules. Eventually, these aecia rupture and release millions of microscopic, orange aeciospores, which are carried to bearberry by wind. These aeciospores are capable of infecting bearberry leaves; however, they are not able to reinfect spruce. Assuming favorable, moist environmental conditions upon the secondary host, these aeciospores germinate and the bearberry's leaves develop dark purple-brown blotches. Come springtime, these blotches develop waxy telia on the bottom of the leaves and pierce the bearberry's epidermis. Teliospores are produced by these telia and germinate to become basidiospores, which infect the primary spruce host when wind carries them to young, developing needles. This infection in the spruce is systemic and perennial, allowing the fungus to live in the brooms from year to year. Upon infection of the developing spruce needles, basidiospores produce haploid mycelia that form spermatia. These spermatia do not infect either host; rather, they serve as male gametes and fertilize receptive hyphae, forming dikaryotic mycelium and in turn dikaryotic aeciospores. From here the disease cycle repeats, and symptoms similar to last season arise on the spruce by midsummer.
A feature unique to the Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli disease cycle is the fact that the fungus does not produce urediospores, and thus spruce broom rust is not a truly macrocyclic disease. The lack of urediospores prevents reinfection of the primary host within the same year.
Environment
The intense odor given off from the spermogonia on the needles in the spring attract insects, which cross-fertilize the fungus. This fertilization allows for aecia to form and in turn produce aeciospores. Spruce broom rust is common in the western United States, specifically in the Rocky Mountain Region where it occurs on Colorado blue spruce, and in the boreal forests of Alaska and Canada where it parsitizes both white and black spruce. It was originally thought there was not a connection between bearberry and spruce as hosts, as bearberry had not been documented at such of altitudes of spruce in the Rocky Mountains; it was even initially postulated that the spores found on bearberry were caused by a microcyclic rust which only infected that host and did not have an alternate. However, it was eventually discovered that bearberry could be located in similar altitudes to spruce, and C. arctostaphyli was even found in bearberry at those altitudes. It was then experimentally proved that when bearberry were inoculated in a moist chamber with aeciospores from spruce brooms, telia would begin to form.
Management
In general, spruce broom rust in considered more of a cosmetic issue, and in many cases no serious management measures are required. However, potential economic consequences can be seen in commercial logging areas. In order to manage this, trees with stem cankers or brooms are selectively removed or the brooms are pruned off of the trees. Pruning of brooms is the most effective and economical control option while still reducing the risk of stem breakage and maintaining tree vigor. If the infection occurs on the tree's main bole, the entire top must be removed, including the brooms. Additionally, since both bearberry and spruce must be in the same area for Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli to survive and complete its life cycle, there is the option to remove all bearberry within 1,000 feet of the spruce. Although effective, this route is often hard to accomplish and expensive. A related control measure would be to attempt to reduce moisture around the bearberry in order to prevent secondary infection, but the logistics of this would also be challenging.
No chemical measures like fungicides have been found to be effective as of yet, so only the mechanical option of physically removing the brooms to prevent the spread of aeciospores is effective. Since spruce broom rust is mostly cosmetic, infections can potentially be left on the tree to provide habitat for birds and small mammals, which use the large, dense brooms for both resting and nesting.
Importance
Spruce broom rust is an interesting pathogen in terms of its importance in forest management programs. Many spruce trees do not exhibit any symptoms of disease upon infection by Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli, and still many others display effects of a merely cosmetic nature. Besides obviously impacting visual quality, spruce broom rust can also have major, more economically important impacts on timber productivity. Nutrients that were originally sequestered for growth in spruce are redirected to the brooms, which can lead to a reduction in height and radial tree growth. For example, a 1963 US Forest Service study found that trees infected by Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli showed a 30 percent reduction in growth over the course of ten years as compared to healthy trees. The extent of this damage depends on the number and size of brooms, as well as their location. When brooms occur upon the primary bole of the spruce, this can lead to a phenomenon known as top kill, in which the portion of the spruce above the brooms dies. As the infection continues to grow and more sections of the tree die, new entrance ways open up for wood decaying fungi, such as red ring rot (Phellinus pini). These fungi are capable of devastating the volume of usable wood obtained from spruce trees, and in turn greatly reducing the trees’ marketable value, because they are highly specialized in removing the wood's structural compounds. Additionally, this internal wood decay causes spruce trees to become structurally unstable, posing relevant hazards in residential and recreational areas. Finally, although tree death is not common in infected trees, Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli may weaken the spruce and cause it to become highly vulnerable to other potential killers such as other fungi, bark beetles, or simply by increasing the tree's susceptibility to intense wind, water, and snow. The same 1963 US Forest Service study found that infected trees had a three times greater mortality rate over a ten-year period than healthy trees. Nevertheless, Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli may indeed play an ecologically vital role in the Yukon. Oftentimes squirrels, fishers, and other forest animals utilize cavities within brooms, especially those carved out by other wood decaying fungi, as sources of shelter and dens.
References
Category:Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
arctostaphyli
Category:Fungi of North America | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Fulford School
Fulford School is a coeducational comprehensive school on Fulfordgate near Heslington Lane in Fulford, York, England.
History
Fulford School was founded in 1963 and has been a comprehensive school since 1970. The site is close to the former Fulfordgate football ground, demolished in 1932. It is also adjacent to the Germany Beck site, where The Battle of Fulford happened. Its original motto was 'Ad posse ad esse' which translates to "from possibility to realisation". This can still be seen in the Archimedes block where there is a logo print on the floor.
Key information
The school is situated in Fulford on the southern edge of the city of York, about from the University of York. It currently takes in pupils from York including Hungate, Fulford and Fishergate as well as from the nearby villages of Dunnington, Elvington, Wheldrake, Thorganby, Escrick, Naburn and Bishopthorpe. The current headteacher is Mr Steven Lewis, who was appointed in 2019.
Performance
Fulford School was highlighted by The Independent as having the third best sixth form of all Comprehensive Schools in England. It has been suggested that this may be the reason why many pupils from fee-paying Independent Schools have been leaving the private sector and electing to continue their studies at Fulford School.
In 2007, it received the best A level results in York LEA area, and the third best in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, higher than four grammar schools. At GCSE it does well for a comprehensive.
In 2013, 80% of all pupils attained five GCSEs grade A* to C, including English and Mathematics. This is an increase of four percentage points since 2012.
In the 2012 government Top 10 list of 'Highest proportion of pupils going to Oxbridge Universities' (non-selective schools/colleges), Fulford School was listed joint second, with 6%.
Achievements
A group of students from the school, working with students from University of York, won the Regional Millennium Volunteer of the Year Team Award in 2007 for their work in renovating a youth room for young people.
The opening of the Fulford sports hall in January 2016 marked the end of a 20-year campaign to get a sports hall for Fulford school.
Headteachers
1963-69 — J Swan
1969-1978/79 — J A D Shaw
1978/79-2001 — E K Hayton
2001-2013 — Steven Smith
2013 — 2019 Lorna Savage
2019 — Steven Lewis
Expansion
An increase in the number of pupils on roll led to a £3.5 million building programme in 2003, which included the 'Archimedes Block' or 'A block'. This has added several new specialist classrooms: 4 rooms for geography, 8 for mathematics, and 2 for ICT. The addition of specialist status in Mathematics and Computing has also facilitated the upgrade of ICT facilities in the school, with a new centre added in 2006 to allow the school to offer 10 places to students with autism spectrum disorders.
In 2015, new houses were built in Hungate which led to another expansion costing £7 million. This included the 'Newton block' or 'N block'. This has added several brand new modern classrooms: 5 rooms for geography, 1 for history, and a new sixth form resource area. In addition, the old sixth form area was converted into 2 new art rooms. These facilities opened on 8 September 2015.
In order to cater for the extra students, the school canteen was refurbished and redesigned, which was completed in October 2016. A much larger food technology room, a new photography studio, a drama studio and a classroom have also been created in the Hawking block.
Notable former pupils
Rowan Coultas (born 1997), Olympic snowboarder
Jeff Fairburn (born 1966), CEO of Persimmon plc
Fiona Mozley (born 1988), novelist
Rusko (born 1985), Dj, known as a pioneer of the popular music genre Dubstep
St John Ellis (1964 - 2005), Rugby League player.
References
External links
School homepage
EduBase
Category:Educational institutions established in 1963
Category:Secondary schools in York
Category:1963 establishments in England
Category:Community schools in York | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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WNKJ-TV
WNKJ-TV, UHF analog channel 51, was a television station licensed to Hopkinsville, Kentucky, United States. The station was owned by Doxa Communications, Inc. WNKJ-TV's studios were originally located at 1100 East 18th Street in downtown Hopkinsville.
History
The station signed on the air as an independent station in October 1983. Except for W64BR (later W64AV), a low-powered translator of Kentucky Educational Television (KET) affiliate WKMA-TV of Madisonville, it was the first television station ever to sign on in the Hopkinsville area. W43AG, which at the time was under ownership of the Kentucky New Era newspaper, signed on the air more than one month later. Hopkinsville was and still is considered to be in the Nashville, Tennessee media market, and only the Nashville area's big three television stations (e.g. WKRN, WSMV and WTVF), along with Madisonville-based WLCN (later WB/CW affiliate WAZE-TV), provided the best-quality signal coverage at the time of WNKJ's existence. ABC affiliate WBKO in Bowling Green, Kentucky had also been providing at least Grade B signal coverage in the Christian County area as Hopkinsville was as far west as that signal can reach.
The station's programming lineup consisted of religious programs, old sitcoms, a few movies and cartoons in barter syndication.
In spite of a powerful terrestrial signal with 254,700 watts effective radiated power, due to poor viewership, the station went dark in 1985. The station's broadcast license was returned to the FCC in 1986, and it was canceled indefinitely as per the rule that if a station was silent for more than one calendar year, it must surrender its license. This made W43AG (later WKAG-CA) the sole locally based television station in Hopkinsville until it went off the air in 2011.
Post-existence
In the early 1990s, another television station was also slated to go on the air on UHF channel 51 under a different licensee, with the callsign of WKKT-TV. The licensee, which filed an application with the FCC in 1988, never made it to the air, at least according to Broadcasting Yearbooks from 1988 to 1993.
References
External links
NKJ-TV
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1983
Category:Television channels and stations disestablished in 1985
Category:1983 establishments in Kentucky
Category:1985 disestablishments in Kentucky
Category:Defunct terrestrial television stations in the United States
Category:Independent television stations in the United States
Category:Hopkinsville, Kentucky | {
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} |
Charlotte Lecocq
Charlotte Lecocq (born 17 July 1977) is a French politician representing La République En Marche! She was elected to the French National Assembly on 18 June 2017, representing the department of Nord.
See also
2017 French legislative election
References
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Category:La République En Marche politicians
Category:21st-century French women politicians
Category:People from Pointe-à-Pitre
Category:Women members of the National Assembly (France) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Adelheid Koch
Adelheid Lucy Koch, née Schwalbe, (1896–1980) was a German-Brazilian psychoanalyst, who pioneered the institutionalization of psychanalysis in Brazil. She was the first psychoanalyst in Brazil to be recognized by the International Psychoanalytic Association, and founded the Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise de São Paulo.
Life
Born in Berlin to a Jewish family, Adelheid Schwalbe studied medicine, writing her medical dissertation on infant mortality among illegitimate children in Berlin. She became a candidate and later a member of the Berlin Psychoanalytical Society. She did training analysis under Otto Fenichel with Salomea Kempner as her supervisor. She married Ernst Heinrich Koch, a lawyer. Told by Ernest Jones of Brazilian interest in psychanalysis, she left Germany for Brazil in 1936. She worked as a training analyst, supervisor and teacher for a group around Durval Marcondes. As a result of her work, the Brazilian Psychoanalytic Group was recognized by the IPA in December 1942, and in 1951 the Brazilian Psychoanalytic Association of Sao Paulo was ratified as an IPA member.
Koch published relatively little. An article on 'Omnipotence and sublimation' was based on Kleinian object relations theory: strong tendencies to omnipotence could be constructive if accompanied by equivalent ability to sublimate, and introjection of an object perceived as mostly good'; however, an object perceived as bad would promote destructive omnipotence and delay the ability to sublimate.
Works
'Neurose dos pais — Neurose dos filhos' [Neurosis of parents — Neurosis of children], Neurobiologia, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1939.
'Considerações psicanalíticas sobre simbolos e contos populares' [Psychoanalytic considerations on symbols and folktales], Revista de neurologia e psychiatria de São Paulo, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1940.
'Elementos Básicos da Terapia Psicanalítica' [Basic Elements of Psychoanalytic Therapy], Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1945.
'Omnipotencia y sublimacion', Revista de Psicoanálisis, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1956. Translated from the Spanish by Ana Pieczanski as 'Omnipotence and sublimation', in Nydia Lisman-Pieczanski & Alberto Pieczanski, The Pioneers of Psychoanalysis in South America: An essential guide, 2014, ch. 22.
(with F. H. Capisano) 'Influência Histórico Social na Atitude Analítica' [Influence of Social History on Analytical Attitude], Revista Brasileira de Psicanálise, Vol. 6, No. 3, 1972, pp.344–356.
References
Category:1896 births
Category:1980 deaths
Category:People from Berlin
Category:German psychoanalysts
Category:Brazilian psychologists
Category:Naturalized citizens of Brazil
Category:German emigrants to Brazil
Category:Brazilian people of German-Jewish descent
Category:Analysands of Otto Fenichel | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Eusébio Leão
Francisco Eusébio Lourenço Leão (2 February 1864 – 21 November 1926) was a Portuguese physician and republican politician.
Biography
He was born in Gavião, Portalegre. He was trained as a physician in the Lisbon Medico-Surgical School, from which he graduated in 1890. He practised medicine in his hometown of Gavião, and then specialised in urology in Paris and Berlin.
He was politically active in Lisbon, especially after the 1890 British Ultimatum, contributing to several publications as a vocal proponent of the republican ideals. He joined the Freemasonry in 1893, part of the Elias Garcia Loge from 1895 and the José Estêvão Loge from 1911.
Eusébio Leão was one of the founders of the newspaper A Pátria and, in October 1909, was elected Secretary to the Directory of the Portuguese Republican Party. He ran several times for Parliament around this time, but was never elected.
After the Republican Revolution in 1910, during which he was one of the people who proclaimed the new regime from the balcony of the Lisbon City Hall, he was made Civil Governor of the Lisbon District, and was elected member of the National Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution. Afterwards, he became a Senator.
When the Portuguese Republican Party dissolved in 1912, Eusébio Leão became part of Brito Camacho's Unionist Party. That year, he was named ambassador in Rome, a post he occupied until October 1926.
Eusébio Leão died in Lisbon, on 21 November 1926.
References
Category:People from Gavião, Portugal
Category:Portuguese Freemasons
Category:Portuguese Republican Party politicians
Category:Republican Union (Portugal) politicians
Category:1864 births
Category:1926 deaths
Category:19th-century Portuguese physicians
Category:20th-century Portuguese politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2003 Senior British Open
The 2003 Senior British Open was a senior major golf championship and the 17th Senior British Open, held from 24–27 July at Turnberry in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It was the 5th Senior British Open played at the course and the first Senior British Open played as a senior major championship.
Tom Watson defeated Carl Mason in a playoff to win his first Senior British Open title. The 2003 event was Watson's second senior major championship victory.
Venue
The 2003 event was the 5th Senior British Open played at Turnberry.
Course layout
Field
The field consisted of 144 competitors: 139 professionals and 5 amateurs.
Nationalities in the field
Past champions in the field
Made the cut
Missed the cut
Round summaries
First round
Thursday, 24 July 2003
Tom Kite and Tom Watson posted four-under-par 66's on day one to lead by one shot.
Second round
Friday 25 July 2003
Carl Mason shot a 64 (−6) to take a one-shot lead over D.A. Weibring, who shot a seven-under-par 63.
Amateurs: Pierse (−1), Reynolds (+5), Boles (+9), Baldwin (+11), MacNamara (+15)
Third round
Saturday, 26 July 2003
Mason and Weibring shot matching rounds of 65 (−5) as Mason maintained his one shot lead. Kite, Summerhays, and Watson all shot rounds of 66 (−4) to trail Mason by three shots. Jim Colbert backed up his eight-under-par 62 with a 66 (−4) in the third round, trailing Mason by 4 strokes.
Amateurs: Pierse (+2)
Final round
Sunday, 27 July 2003
Tom Watson trailed Carl Mason by one stroke heading into the 72nd hole. Needing birdie to tie Mason, Watson bogeyed the par-4 18th hole to fall two shots behind the leader. Mason, now leading by 2 strokes, double bogeyed the 18th hole and fell into a playoff with Watson.
Source:
Amateurs: Pierse (+6)
Playoff
Sunday, 27 July 2003
Tom Watson and Carl Mason both parred the first playoff hole. Watson won with par on the second playoff hole as Mason made bogey.
Notes and references
External links
Results on European Tour website
Results on PGA Tour website
Category:Golf tournaments in Scotland
Senior Open Championship
Senior Open Championship
Senior Open Championship | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Paul Holmes (academic)
The Rev. Paul A. Holmes, S.T.D., is a Vice-President of Seton Hall University and was Interim Dean of the John C. Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations until January 2007.
Education
A native of Newark and West Orange, New Jersey, Fr. Holmes received a bachelor's degree in sociology from Seton Hall University. He then went on to continue his studies for the priesthood in Italy, receiving three degrees in theology from Roman universities: a Doctorate of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.), magna cum laude, from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum; a Licentiate in Moral Theology (S.T.L.), summa cum laude, from the Pontifical Lateran University; and a Bachelor of Sacred Theology (S.T.B.), magna cum laude, from the Gregorian University.
Priesthood and teaching
Ordained in 1981, Fr. Holmes' first parochial assignment was at St. Matthew's in Ridgefield, New Jersey. After two years, he was assigned to be the parochial vicar of Sacred Heart Cathedral in Newark and, while ministering there, he attended Yale University and earned a Master's in Sacred Theology (S.T.M., 1986), with honors. He returned to Rome for doctoral studies at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, after which he was assigned to Seton Hall University and was also named associate director of the archdiocesan Worship Office.
After defending his doctoral thesis in 1991, Father Holmes was hired at the rank of assistant professor by the Department of Religious Studies. He was the first director of both Liberal Studies and Social & Behavioral Sciences, two programs in the College of Arts & Sciences. Representing the college in the Faculty Senate, he was elected Vice Chair of the Senate Executive Committee.
While teaching at Seton Hall, Father Holmes helped inaugurate Clergy Consultation and Treatment Service, an interdisciplinary therapeutic outpatient assessment and treatment program for priests at Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center in Westchester County, New York, and served as its first spiritual director. In 1998, he earned tenure and promotion at Seton Hall, and was elected Chair of the Religious Studies department.
Administrator
During the 1999-2000 academic year, he attended Harvard University's Management Development Program and was invited to be the first occupant of the Carl J. Peter Chair of Preaching at the Pontifical North American College in Rome.
Returning from his sabbatical, he became associate provost for Academic Administration at Seton Hall and in 2001, became the University's first vice president for Mission and Ministry. In 2002, he led the efforts to obtain from the Lilly Endowment the largest nongovernmental grant ever awarded to Seton Hall. The $2 million award helped establish the Center for Vocation and Servant Leadership.
While Vice President for Mission and Ministry from 2001-2005, Father Holmes supervised the new Center, Campus Ministry, the University Chaplain, and the International Institute for Clergy Formation. He was also secretary-designee of the University's Board of Regents.
Other work
Fr. Holmes has published articles in numerous journals, has lectured widely on issues of moral and sacramental theology, and was invited to create This Sunday's Scripture, the first homily service of Twenty-Third Publications in Mystic, Connecticut.
For many years, he has served as the chaplain for the Phi Beta chapter of Phi Kappa Theta, a social fraternity.
For the last four years, he has been the weekend assistant at St. Rose of Lima Parish in Short Hills, New Jersey. In his spare time, he is independent editor of Mary Jane Clark's series of murder mysteries.
Sources
School of Diplomacy website
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:American book editors
Category:American Roman Catholic priests
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:People from Newark, New Jersey
Category:People from West Orange, New Jersey
Category:Seton Hall University faculty
Category:Yale University alumni
Category:Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas alumni
Category:Pontifical Lateran University alumni
Category:Pontifical Gregorian University alumni
Category:Catholics from New Jersey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Bakersville, Mercer County, New Jersey
Bakersville, also known as Bakers Basin, is an unincorporated community located within Lawrence Township in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. The center of the community is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 1, Franklin Corner Road (County Route 546), and Bakers Basin Road.
References
Category:Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
Category:Unincorporated communities in Mercer County, New Jersey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Danza II: Electric Boogaloo
Danza II: Electric Boogaloo is the second release by the mathcore band The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza. The album was released on October 16, 2007 via Guy Kozowyk's Black Market Activities and distributed by Metal Blade Records. Following the album's release, every member but vocalist Jessie Freeland left the band.
Danza II was produced by Jeremiah Scott of Demon Hunter and Destroy Destroy Destroy.
Track listing
Personnel
The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza
Jessie Freeland – vocals
Brad Thompson – guitar
Layne Meylain – guitar, art direction
Mike Butler – bass
Mason Crooks – drums
Additional
Jeremiah Scott – sound designer, production, engineer, additional vocals on track 13
Bruce Fitzhugh – additional vocals on track 6
Ben Pearson – performer on tracks 1, 5, 11, and 13
John Judkins – lap steel guitar on tracks 1, 2, 13b
Dennis Sibeijn – art direction
References
Category:The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza albums
Category:2007 albums
Category:Black Market Activities albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hugh Smedley
Hugh Smedley is a former New Zealand rower.
At the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games he won the gold medal as part of the men's coxed four alongside crew members Keith Heselwood, George Paterson, Douglas Pulman and Winston Stephens.
References
Category:New Zealand male rowers
Category:Living people
Category:Rowers at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand
Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in rowing
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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ADEOS II
ADEOS II (Advanced Earth Observing Satellite 2) was an Earth observation satellite launched by NASDA, with contributions from NASA and CNES, in December 2002. Its Japanese name was Midori 2, and it was the successor to the 1996 mission ADEOS I. The mission ended in October 2003 after the satellite's solar panels failed.
Mission overview
The three primary objectives of the mission, as identified by NASDA, were to:
Regularly monitor the water and energy cycle as a part of the global climate system
Quantitatively estimate the biomass and fundamental productivity as a part of the carbon cycle
Detect trends in long term climate change as a result of continuing the observations started by ADEOS
The project had a proposed minimum life of three years, with a five-year goal.
Launch
The mission was originally scheduled to launch aboard a H-II rocket in February 2002. This was postponed as the Japanese Space Activities Commission would not launch without having three successful missions aboard the new H-IIA rocket.
The satellite was successfully launched from Tanegashima Space Center pad YLP-1 on 14 December 2002, aboard H-2A-202. Other payloads onboard included the Japanese MicroLabsat and WEOS devices, as well as the Australian FedSat.
Failure
On 23 October 2003, the solar panel failed. At 2349 UTC, the satellite switched to "light load" operation due to an unknown error. This was intended to power down all observation equipment to conserve energy. At 2355 UTC, communications between the satellite and the ground stations ended, with no further telemetry received. Further attempts to procure telemetry data on 24 October (at 0025 and 0205 UTC) also failed.
Investigation
After the power failure, JAXA (NASDA's successor) formed the Midori II anomaly investigation team. Analysis of data received before transmissions ceased showed that the solar panel's power output had decreased from 6 kW to 1 kW. The investigation team began surveying the mission to establish whether the failure was due to a technical malfunction or a solar flare.
One hypothesis was that debris had impacted the satellite's power harness between the solar array and the satellite bus. The harness was a core of wires enclosed in multi-layer insulation. The debris impact was theorised to have caused an electric arc.
The mission officially ended at the end of October 2003, with JAXA conceding that the "possibility of restoring the operations of Midori II [was] extremely slim." The mission, which had cost approximately 70 billion Yen (US$570 million) was only able to recoup an estimated 300 million Yen through insurance.
Instruments
The satellite was equipped with five primary instruments – Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), Global Imager (GLI), Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS-II), Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER), and SeaWinds. These instruments were designed to monitor Earth's water cycle, study biomass in the carbon cycle, and detect trends in long-term climate change. The mission was established to continue the work undertaken by ADEOS I between 1996 and 1997.
Subsystems
In addition to the five main instruments, nine avionic subsystems were allocated to the bus module. These were the Communication and Data-Handling Subsystem (C&DH), Inter-Orbit Communication Subsystem (IOCS), Mission Data Processing Subsystem (MDPS), Optical Data Recorder (ODR), Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS), Paddle Subsystem (PDL), Attitude and Orbit Control Subsystem (AOCS), Reaction Control Subsystem (RCS), and the Direct Transmission Subsystem (DTL).
The C&DH subsystem received and decoded the satellite's tracking control command signals and acted as a processing interface between the instruments. It was capable of adjusting settings on the instruments – such as temperature and voltage. The IOCS was used to communicate with data relay satellites (see Data transfer).
The MDP device formatted mission data to be sent via the IOCS, and would process it into a data packet. The ODR was a large-volume storage device that used an optical magnetic disk system. The EPS provided power to the satellite's subsystems. The PDL managed the satellite's solar panel, and transferred electrical energy to the EPS. The solar panel was capable of generating 5 kW using 55,680 cells on a jointed mast.
The AOCS was used to establish the attitude control following the satellite's deployment from the rocket. It was subsequently used to adjust the satellite's attitude, orbit, and solar paddle. The AOCS was equipped with a number of attitude sensors, including a control-standard unit (IRC), an Earth sensor (ESA), and a fine sun sensor assembly (FSSA).
The RCS was used to generate propulsion power for attitude adjustments after deployment and control orbit using data from the AOCS.
Data transfer
ADEOS II transferred data to and from Artemis and the Data Relay Test Satellite (DRTS). The Artemis connection transferred information over a 26 GHz Ka band link (for payload data) and a 2 GHz S band link (for telemetry, tracking and control data).
These signals were then downlinked to the Earth Observation Center (EOC) via feeder link stations and the Redu Station. ADEOS II also sent mission data directly to NASA stations, which routed information to bodies such as the EOC and sensor-providing organisations.
Footnotes
Sources
Category:Earth observation satellites of Japan
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2002
Category:Spacecraft launched by H-II rockets
Category:Derelict satellites orbiting Earth | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Granby High School
Granby High School (originally Granby Street High School) is a public high school in Norfolk, Virginia. The school is part of the Norfolk Public Schools system. It is the only high school in the school division that offers an International Baccalaureate program. The school building is located on historic Granby Street where the south end is at Downtown Norfolk and the north end where the beaches of Ocean View lie. Granby is also less than a mile away from the historic Wards Corner, a local shopping and eating center. In 2010, Newsweek placed Granby in the top 1300 of "America's Top Public High Schools". Granby was the only school in Norfolk, VA to place on the list. Granby's mascot is the comet.
History
Opened in 1939, the school was previously known as Granby Street High School, reflecting the street on which it is located. Both the street and the school are named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, a hero of the Seven Years' War. The twenty-four acre tract on which Granby was built was once part of the Talbot Plantation before the property was donated to the city by Minton W. Talbot.
Blue, Gold, and Silver are the school colors. Blue representing the color of the Chesapeake Bay, which is in Granby's vicinity. The gold and silver is derived from the proverb:"A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures of silver." This quote is also hung on a plaque in the hallway.
Granby's school symbol is the comet. It also has a newspaper entitled "The Spectator," and annually publishes a literary magazine called "The Cupola," named after the structure on the top of the school's roof. The weathervane on top of the cupola was bent as a result of tropical storm Ernesto, but was fixed within six months.
"Granby 1" and "Granby 2"
In 1996, the school system invested $21 million in a construction project in order to expand and renovate the 57-year-old building. Because of this construction, the entire student body could not stay in the original building. To fix this problem, the 1100 freshmen and sophomores were sent to the former Norfolk Catholic High building a half-mile away from the building. Catholic High was vacant at the time since Catholic High moved to Virginia Beach. The Catholic High building was nicknamed "Granby 2" while the original building was "Granby 1." Under Principal Michael Caprio, the school had to double everything including scheduling, busing, orientation, and lunches. Several headaches later, the expansion was complete with comprehensive voice, video, and high speed data network and a media resource management system for 110 classrooms and laboratories. In addition, the building gained two multimedia presentation rooms and an innovative CCTV security system.
International Baccalaureate Program
Granby High School is the only school in the Norfolk Public Schools system that offers the International Baccalaureate Program, or IB, abbreviated. Specifically known as the IB Diploma Program, the program is a two-year academically rigorous curriculum intended for juniors and seniors who desire in-depth scholastic preparation for college or university.
Sports at Granby High
Granby High School offers a variety of sports as it is a member of the AAA Eastern Region of the Virginia High School League. Comets compete in the AAA Eastern District which is composed of the five Norfolk high schools and the three Portsmouth high schools. The sports offered at Granby include:
Baseball, Junior Varsity
Baseball, Varsity
Basketball, Boys
Basketball, Girls
Basketball, Junior Varsity, Boys
Basketball, Junior Varsity, Girls
Cheerleader, Junior Varsity
Cheerleaders, Varsity
Crew
Cross Country
Field Hockey
Football
Golf
sailing (Granby, Matthew Fontaine Maury High School, saint patricks Catholic school team)
Soccer, Boys
Soccer, Girls
Softball
Softball Junior Varsity
Swimming, Boys
Swimming, Girls
Tennis, Boys
Tennis, Girls
Track, Indoor
Track, Outdoor
Volleyball, Boys
Volleyball, Girls
Wrestling—Wrestling coach Billy Martin's teams won 21 state titles in 22 seasons at Granby High from 1949 to 1970. In the decade of the 1960s, Granby lost only two matches. Martin's most famous invention was the "Granby roll", a move that used an opponent's aggressiveness against him. It became the basis of the "Granby System," which is still taught today. He was elected to the National Wrestling Hall of Fame in 1980, one of the first high school coaches inducted.
Granby Marching Comets
Granby High School is home to the Marching Comets, a drum-corps style marching band currently led by Mr. Joshua Stone, who have competed in the Tournament of Bands. Under the direction of Mr. Steve Clendenin, the Comets have traveled as far as Scranton, Pennsylvania to compete in the Atlantic Coast Championships (ACCs) with field shows titled "The Mask of Zorro" and "La Corrida de Torres." (The Bullfight) In 2006, the Marching Comets earned the title of Group II ACC Invitational Class Champions with "La Corrida de Torres."
Notable alumni
John E. Blaha - astronaut
Levi Brown ('02) - former NFL offensive tackle
Lefty Driesell - former college basketball coach
Hank Foiles - former MLB player
Grant Gustin ('08) - actor, Glee and The Flash
Erika Renee Land - author
Dexter Reid - former NFL safety and two-time Super Bowl winner
Nick Rerras - former politician
Chuck Stobbs – Washington Senators player who pitched Mickey Mantle's record-setting home run hit
Scott Travis - Grammy award winning American rock musician, drummer
R. Steven Whitcomb - 63rd Inspector General of the United States Army
Terrance Woodbury - basketball player
Notable former teachers and staff
Bob Tata - retired long-time member of the Virginia House of Delegates, coached football at Granby
See also
Granby Street
John Manners, Marquess of Granby
References
External links
Norfolk Public Schools
Category:Educational institutions established in 1939
Category:Schools in Norfolk, Virginia
Category:Public high schools in Virginia
Category:International Baccalaureate schools in Virginia
Category:1939 establishments in Virginia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Saint-Andéol, Isère
Saint-Andéol is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Isère department
Parc naturel régional du Vercors
References
INSEE statistics
Category:Communes of Isère
Category:Isère communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Max Bennett (musician)
Max Bennett (May 24, 1928 – September 14, 2018) was an American jazz bassist and session musician.
Biography
Bennett grew up in Kansas City and Oskaloosa, Iowa, and went to college in Iowa. His first professional gig was with Herbie Fields in 1949, and following this he played with Georgie Auld, Terry Gibbs, and Charlie Ventura. He served in the Army during the Korean War from 1951 to 1953, and then played with Stan Kenton before moving to Los Angeles. There he played regularly at the Lighthouse Cafe with his own ensemble, and played behind such vocalists as Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, Joni Mitchell and Joan Baez through the 1970s. He also recorded with Charlie Mariano, Conte Candoli, Bob Cooper, Bill Holman, Stan Levey, Lou Levy, Coleman Hawkins and Jack Montrose.
Bennett recorded under his own name from the late 1950s and did extensive work as a composer and studio musician in addition to jazz playing. Often associated with The Wrecking Crew, he performed on many records by The Monkees and The Partridge Family.
In 1969, Bennett served as the principal bassist for Frank Zappa's Hot Rats project. According to Bennett, "I was not familiar with Zappa’s music. Our paths never crossed. I was never a big fan of avant garde music in that sense. It was while I was working in the studio, what was it, 1967 [sic], I think? And I got a call from John Guerin. He said, ‘Get your stuff over to TTG’—that was in Hollywood—‘I got a double session for you with Frank Zappa.’ So we get there and we worked two double sessions for two nights. And that was the album, that was Hot Rats.” He also played on later Zappa albums such as Chunga's Revenge.
His studio work also included bass on the 1969 Lalo Schifrin soundtrack to the 1968 film Bullitt as well as Greatest Science Fiction Hits Volumes 1-3 with Neil Norman & His Cosmic Orchestra.
In 1973, Guerin and Bennett joined Tom Scott's L.A. Express alongside Joe Sample and Larry Carlton. After recording their eponymous debut album, the jazz fusion quintet served as the core band for Mitchell's Court and Spark (1974). A subsequent iteration of the group (including guitarist Robben Ford and pianist Larry Nash) backed Mitchell on the live Miles of Aisles (1974) and recorded two smooth jazz albums for Caribou Records following Scott's departure in 1976. After the band's dissolution, Bennett formed his own group, Freeway. He continued to perform with his last group, Private Reserve, until his death in 2018.
Discography
As leader
Max Bennett Quintet (Bethlehem, 1955)
Max Bennett Sextet (Bethlehem, 1956)
Max Bennett Septet, Quartet & Trio (Bethlehem, 1956)
Max Bennett with Charlie Mariano (Bethlehem)
Interchange (Palo Alto, 1987) U.S. Top Contemporary Jazz #13
The Drifter (1987) U.S. Top Contemporary Jazz #21
Images (TBA, 1989)
Great Expectations (Chase Music, 1993)
Max Is the Factor (Fresh Sound, 2006)
As sideman
With Barbra Streisand
Stoney End (Columbia Records, 1971)
ButterFly (Columbia Records, 1974)
With José Feliciano
Just Wanna Rock 'n' Roll (RCA Victor, 1975)
With Bob Cooper
Coop! The Music of Bob Cooper (Contemporary, 1958)
With Joni Mitchell
Court and Spark (Asylum Records, 1974)
The Hissing of Summer Lawns (Asylum Records, 1975)
Hejira (Asylum Records, 1976)
With Barry Mann
Barry Mann (Casablanca Records, 1980)
With Michael Nesmith
Nevada Fighter (RCA Records, 1971)
With Stan Kenton
Contemporary Concepts (Capitol, 1955)
With Lulu
Lulu (Polydor Records, 1973)
With Bette Midler
Broken Blossom (Atlantic Records, 1977)
With Peggy Lee
Sugar 'n' Spice (Capitol Records, 1962)
Mink Jazz (Capitol Records, 1963)
I'm a Woman (Capitol Records, 1963)
Close Enough for Love (DRG Records, 1979)
With Michael Franks
Michael Franks (Brut, 1973)
With Joan Baez
Diamonds & Rust (A&M Records, 1975)
With Jack Montrose
Blues and Vanilla (RCA Victor, 1956)
The Horn's Full (RCA Victor, 1957)
With Art Garfunkel
Breakaway (Columbia Records, 1975)
With Jack Nitzsche
Heart Beat (Soundtrack) (Capitol, 1980)
With Howard Roberts
Antelope Freeway (Impulse!, 1971)
With Stephen Bishop
Careless (ABC Records, 1976)
With George Harrison
Dark Horse (Apple Records, 1974)
With Lalo Schifrin
There's a Whole Lalo Schifrin Goin' On (Dot, 1968)
Mannix (Paramount, 1968)
Bullitt (soundtrack) (Warner Bros., 1968)
Rock Requiem (Verve, 1971)
Enter the Dragon (soundtrack) (Warner Bros., 1973)
With Ry Cooder
Ry Cooder (Reprise Records, 1970)
With Otis Spann
Sweet Giant of the Blues (BluesTime, 1970)
With Gábor Szabó and Bob Thiele
Light My Fire (Impulse!, 1967)
With Elkie Brooks
Rich Man's Woman (A&M Records, 1975)
TV, film and motion picture soundtracks written by:
Michel Legrand
Nelson Riddle
Michel Colombier
Quincy Jones
Tom Scott
John Williams
Henry Mancini
Lalo Schifrin
Johnny Mandel
Charlie Fox
Artie Butler
Billy Byers
Elmer Bernstein
Michael Melvoin
References
External links
Max Bennett Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2007)
Category:American jazz musicians
Category:American session musicians
Category:Mainstream Records artists
Category:1928 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:The Wrecking Crew (music) members
Category:Musicians from Kansas City, Missouri
Category:People from Oskaloosa, Iowa
Category:American rock bass guitarists
Category:American jazz bass guitarists
Category:American male bass guitarists
Category:Jazz musicians from Missouri
Category:Male jazz musicians
Category:L.A. Express members | {
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David Robertson (engineer)
David Robertson (1875–1941) was the first Professor of Electrical Engineering at Bristol University. Robertson had wide interests and one of these was horology – he wanted to provide the foundation of what we could call “horological engineering”, that is, a firm science-based approach to the design of accurate mechanical clocks. He contributed a long series on the scientific foundations of precision clocks to the Horological Journal which was the main publication for the trade in the UK; he and his students undertook research on clocks and pendulums (some funded by the Society of Merchant Venturers); and he designed at least one notable clock, to keep University time and control the chiming of Great George in the Wills Memorial Building from its inauguration on 1925, for which he also designed the chiming mechanism.
Today, we get accurate time from atomic clock ensembles in observatories round the world, compared and distributed by GPS satellites and over the internet, and displayed on almost any public or personal screen. Accurate time has become ubiquitous and its maintenance a branch of information and communications technology. A century ago none of this existed, and the world depended on the pendulum clock to keep its time, referenced to astronomical observations. There was a scientific literature on the behaviour of pendulums and clocks; and a widespread craft-based industry making timepieces; but it could not be said that horology was a branch of engineering.
Robertson became Professor of Electrical Engineering in Merchant Venturer’s Technical College in 1902. MVTC merged with University College Bristol when the latter was granted a Royal Charter in 1909 and became the engineering faculty of the new University of Bristol – Robertson then became the first professor of the subject in the faculty. He served in this post until his death in 1941. Clock-wise, the Shortt Synchronome Free Pendulum clock entered service at the Royal Observatory in 1923 and kept Greenwich, and therefore the nation’s, time until supplanted by quartz clocks in the 1940s. Throughout Robertson’s career therefore, pendulum time was paramount. Suppliers such as the Synchronome Company or Gents of Leicester could by 1925 have supplied perfectly satisfactory and well-proven systems to run the bell and slave clocks throughout the building. The fact that the University chose to commission a unique and original design is a tribute perhaps to its pride in the new building and to its distinguished Professor, who was able to put into practice the principles that he had developed.
The Robertson Clock
Originally mounted in an interior foyer of the Wills Memorial Building, Robertson's clock is housed in an oak case 1753 x 837 x 310 mm (h/w/d), originally carried on stout oak “dogs” let into the masonry of an internal wall. The case was also secured to the wall through its back, but does not support any of the mechanisms, which are separately mounted through the case back into the wall using studs. The opening front door is fully glazed. In its new home in Queen’s Building the original studs are re-mounted on to a large steel plate, firmly screwed to the reinforced concrete wall.
At the top of the case a clock dial displays hours and minutes as kept by the pendulum. The dial is a standard Gents slave clock movement which is advanced by a pulse every 30s, counted down from seconds pulses generated by the pendulum. Additional circuits in the clock once generated other half-minute pulses that controlled 3 strings of similar slave clocks throughout the building.
Right down the centre of the case is the pendulum, of the order of a metre long and with a period of 2 seconds. It is suspended from a bracket attached to a massive iron casting bolted through to the wall, which also carries the “escapement” mechanism to the right under the face. This drives the pendulum with a small impulse of force every second, generated by the drop of a small weight under the control of an electromagnet. Part of the mechanism includes a 60-tooth ratchet wheel advanced on every pendulum swing by a pawl driven by the electromagnet. Originally this operated a pair of contacts by two pins on its periphery to generate the half-minute pulses, but at some stage these contacts were removed.
To the left of the pendulum is the regulator. This is arranged to apply a small force to the pendulum which through an ingenious linkage effectively works against gravity, slowing the pendulum down. The force comes from a torque generated by a spiral hair-spring, one end being attached to the pivot of a lever that forms part of the escapement linkage, the other to a disk that can be rotated in small steps by a solenoid-operated “stepper motor”. This allows the period of the pendulum to be adjusted by changing the torque, under the control of a system that compares the pendulum phase to a time standard (originally a daily pulse sent out over the telegraph network at 10.00 GMT).
Behind the pendulum and near its top is a standard aneroid barometer, and below that a mercury thermometer. These would have been used when checking the clocks’ rate, which depends on both atmospheric temperature and pressure.
To the left of the pendulum is the Civil Time Unit (CTU). This is essentially a clock that receives a pulse every second from the pendulum and keeps track of local time, GMT or BST depending on the season, to control the pulses sent to Great George to make it chime on the hours, 0700 through 2100 except Sundays. The CTU was driven by its own electromagnet.
On the right is the Greenwich Time Unit (GTU), which essentially kept GMT by counting seconds impulses but also controlled the sequencing of the synchronising system around 10.00 am GMT every day. Again, the GTU had its own electromagnet drive.
Behind the wall to which the clock was mounted there was a Control Box that housed several terminal frames, some relays, and ancillary components, that were connected to contacts on the TUs by wires going through the wall. Most of this has now been lost. The clock and its circuits were power by a 24 volt lead-acid battery, possibly also housed in this room. This Control Box has also been recovered and will be installed beside the clock case to house support electronics.
References
Category:1875 births
Category:1941 deaths
Category:British electrical engineers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Afrosymmoca straminea
Afrosymmoca straminea is a moth in the family Autostichidae. It was described by László Anthony Gozmány in 1966. It is found in the area of what was Katanga Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
References
Category:Moths described in 1966
Category:Symmocinae | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Chah Moghu
Chah Moghu (, also Romanized as Chāh Moghū; also known as Chāh Mūqū) is a village in Kuhestan Rural District, Rostaq District, Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.
References
Category:Populated places in Darab County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dan McGrew
Daniel Atwood McGrew (April 7, 1937 – November 7, 2019) was an American football center.
Purdue University
During his college years, McGrew was a center at Purdue University.
NFL
McGrew was drafted by the Detroit Lions in 1959, but in the following year was taken by the Buffalo Bills during their inaugural season, when he played in all 14 games and was their starting center. Although he ended up as an All-AFL 2nd team member, he was replaced the following year by rookie Al Bemiller and never played in another game in the NFL.
Semi-pro
McGrew went on to play on the semi-pro level with the Wheeling Ironmen. On June 13, 2009, McGrew was one of eight new members in the 29th class to be inducted into the Minor Pro Football Hall of Fame.
High school coaching
McGrew later coached football on the high school level. During this time, he was a ninth grade gym teacher, retiring from Weir High School after the 1998–99 school year.
References
Category:1937 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:American football centers
Category:American Football League players
Category:Buffalo Bills players
Category:Purdue Boilermakers football players
Category:High school football coaches in West Virginia
Category:People from Martins Ferry, Ohio
Category:Players of American football from Ohio | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Master of the doorkeepers
The Master of the doorkeepers (, , ) was a high-ranking official in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1945. Formerly, the office was known as Ispán of the keepers (, ).
Origins and duties
The office-holders supervised the keepers in the royal manors and the court, who were responsible for guarding and had messenger functions. The Master of the doorkeepers cited the subjects of the Crown, with whom the monarch wished to speak, with his ore seal (the "King's citations seal") and using the countrywide messenger network. They also carried the bloody sword across the realm, when the King called to war.
According to the legend of Crown and Sword, the Ispán of the keepers warned Prince Béla to choose the sword instead of the crown before the death bed of his brother Andrew I in 1060. The scene indicates that the Ispán might be also served as Commander of the Royal Guard.
The position was called as "Master of the doorkeepers" first in 1261. He was the magistrate of the royal guards ("doorkeepers") according that source. He had to ensure the safety of the king and the royal family.
The Master of the doorkeepers was one of the lesser barons of the realm, according to the Tripartitum (Article 94) created by István Werbőczy in the 16th century. He was also member of the Royal Council. From the Anjou Age, the actual tasks was conducted by his deputy, usually a familial from the lesser nobility. Later, the office merged with the position of Marshal (). After the Battle of Mohács, the office remained and belonged to the Habsburg royal court. Since 1608, the Master of the doorkeepers also oversaw the order of operations the Diet of Hungary. The office-holder was a member of the Upper House until the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 then of the House of Magnates until the Second World War. The office was only a symbolic function after 1848.
List of known office-holders
Ispán of the keepers
Master of the doorkeepers
Medieval Hungary
Habsburg Hungary
See also
Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)
Ban of Croatia
Ban of Slavonia
Judge royal
Master of the treasury
Voivode of Transylvania
References
Sources
Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. London and New York. .
Rady, Martyn (2000). Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary. Palgrave (in association with School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London). New York. .
Engel, Pál (1996). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. .
Fallenbüchl, Zoltán (1988). Magyarország főméltóságai ("High Dignitaries in Hungary"). Maecenas Könyvkiadó. Budapest. .
Markó, László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon (The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia) (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., 2006, Budapest; .
Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. .
Category:Barons of the realm (Kingdom of Hungary) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lord Justice Kennedy
Lord Justice Kennedy or Kennedy LJ may refer to:
Sir Paul Kennedy (English judge) (born 1935), Lord Justice of Appeal from 1992 to 2005
Sir William Rann Kennedy (1846-1915), Lord Justice of Appeal from 1907 to 1915
See also
Justice Kennedy (disambiguation) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Melemaea magdalena
Melemaea magdalena is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Melemaea magdalena is 6855.
References
Further reading
Category:Ourapterygini
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Moths described in 1896 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Fatal Accidents Act
Fatal Accidents Act is a stock short title used in the United Kingdom for legislation relating to fatal accidents.
List
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Fatal Accidents Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict c 93), also known as Lord Campbell's Act
The Fatal Accidents Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict c 95)
The Fatal Accidents Act 1959 (7 & 8 Eliz 2 c 65)
The Fatal Accidents Act 1976 (c 30)
The Fatal Accidents Inquiry (Scotland) Act 1895 (58 & 59 Vict c 36)
The Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths Inquiry (Scotland) Act 1906 (6 Edw 7 c 35)
The Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths Inquiry (Scotland) Act 1976 (c 14)
Northern Ireland Orders in Council
The following order is considered to be primary legislation:
The Fatal Accidents (Northern Ireland) Order 1977 (SI 1977/1251) (NI 18)
See also
List of short titles
Category:Lists of legislation by short title | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Abner Lloveras
Abner Lloveras Hernández (born September 4, 1982, in Barcelona) is a Catalan professional mixed martial artist in the lightweight division. Abner received a Gold Medal in the Spanish Olympic boxing tournament in 2010. He also competed on The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber.
Mixed martial arts career
Early career
Lloveras made his professional MMA debut in August 2004 with the UK Mixed Martial Arts Championship promotion in England. Over the next decade, he would compete for a variety of promotions including Shooto and M-1 Global as he amassed a record of 19 wins against 7 losses. One of Lloveras most notable bouts during this period was with UFC fighter Phillipe Nover.
The Ultimate Fighter
On August 31, 2015, it was announced that Lloveras would be a contestant on the 22nd season of The Ultimate Fighter reality show. In the elimination round, he defeated Vlado Sikic by verbal submission due to a shoulder injury. In the preliminary round, he defeated Jason Gonzalez by unanimous decision. In the quarterfinals, Lloveras lost to Julian Erosa on a controversial split decision.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Lloveras faced fellow cast member Chris Gruetzemacher at the TUF 22 Finale on December 11, 2015. On a fairly competitive three rounds, with Abner almost finishing the fight with a standing rear-naked choke, he lost the bout by unanimous decision and was subsequently released from the promotion.
Post-UFC
Lloveras faced UFC veteran Andre Winner on June 25, 2016, for the SHC interim welterweight title, in Geneva. He lost the fight via split decision.
Championships and accomplishments
Mixed martial arts
Respect Fighting Championship
Respect Lightweight Championship (One time; current)
2015 best MMA fight by GNP MAGAZINE in Europe
Kickboxing
Kickboxing Spain
Amateur champion (2005)
Boxing
Boxing Spain
Spain champion (2010, 2011 and 2012)
Mixed martial arts record
|-
| Loss
|align=center|22–11–1
|Jim Wallhead
|Decision (unanimous)
|Bellator Newcastle
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Newcastle upon Tyne, England
|
|-
| Win
|align=center|22–10–1
|Alessandro Botti
|TKO (punches)
|Italian Cage Fighting 4
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:46
|Milan, Italy
|
|-
| Loss
|align=center|21–10–1
|Fares Ziam
|KO (punch)
|Hit Fighting Championship 5
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|0:24
|Horgen, Switzerland
|
|-
| Win
|align=center|21–9–1
|Davy Gallon
|KO (punch)
|Arnold Fighters/Titan Channel: War of Titans
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:44
|Barcelona, Spain
|
|-
| Win
|align=center|20–9–1
|Maxim Maryanchuk
|KO (kick to the body)
|ADW: Road to Abu Dhabi 4
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:18
|Sofia, Bulgaria
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|19–9–1
|Andre Winner
|Decision (split)
|SHC 11
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Geneva, Switzerland
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|19–8–1
|Chris Gruetzemacher
|Decision (unanimous)
|The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber Finale
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 19–7–1
| Nordin Asrih
| Decision (unanimous)
| Respect FC 12
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Wuppertal, Germany
| Won the vacant Respect Lightweight Championship.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–7–1
| Jonas Boeno do Rosario
| Decision (unanimous)
| Ansgar Fighting League 2
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Fuenlabrada, Spain
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–7–1
| Miguel Valverde
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| International Fighting Championship
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:09
| Badalona, Spain
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 16–7–1
| Pierre Chretien
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| Ansgar Fighting League 1
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:05
| Barcelona, Spain
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–7–1
| Mike Campbell
| Decision (unanimous)
| CES MMA: Undisputed 2
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Lincoln, Rhode Island, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 15–6–1
| Ryan Quinn
| Decision (unanimous)
| CES MMA: Proving Grounds
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Lincoln, Rhode Island, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 14–6–1
| Rich Moskowitz
| Decision (unanimous)
| Premier Fighting Championship 7
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–6–1
| Ralph Johnson
| Submission (armbar)
| Paul Vandale Promotions: The Beast Comes East
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:49
| Worcester, Massachusetts, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 12–6–1
| Shamil Zavurov
| TKO (punches)
| M-1 Challenge 22: Narkun vs. Vasilevsky
|
| align=center| 4
| align=center| 4:22
| Moscow, Russia
| For the vacant M-1 Global Welterweight Championship.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–5–1
| Danny Covin
| TKO (punches)
| Hombres de Honor 15
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:49
| Barcelona, Spain
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 11–5–1
| Berrie Bunthof
| KO (punch)
| M-1 Selection 2010: Eastern Europe Finals
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:23
| Moscow, Russia
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–5–1
| Miljan Jaksic
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| M-1 Selection 2010: Western Europe Round 3
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:20
| Helsinki, Finland
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 9–5–1
| Leandro Frois Lopes
| Decision (unanimous)
| Fight 4 Life
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Barcelona, Spain
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–4–1
| Sunnat Ilyasov
| KO (knees and punches)
| M-1 Selection 2010: Western Europe Round 1
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:18
| Hilversum, Netherlands
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–4–1
| Luiz Andrade I
| Decision (unanimous)
| M-1 Challenge 18: Netherlands Day Two
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Hilversum, Netherlands
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–4–1
| Gael Grimaud
| Decision (split)
| M-1 Challenge 14: Japan
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–4–1
| Carlos Valeri
| KO (punches)
| Almogavers 1
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:24
| Barcelona, Spain
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 5–4–1
| Erik Oganov
| Decision
| M-1 MFC: Battle on the Neva
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Saint Petersburg, Russia
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–3–1
| Ramon Diaz
| Decision (unanimous)
| Hummer Man Fight 1
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| N/A
| Guadalajara, Spain
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–3–1
| Lola Bamgbala
| Submission (kimura)
| UKMMAC 17: Iron Circle
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| England
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 3–3–1
| Phillipe Nover
| Decision (majority)
| ROC 12 - Tournament of Champions Quarterfinals
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–2–1
| Marius Doczi
| Decision (unanimous)
| Shooto - Spain
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Spain
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–2–1
| Marcos de Paulo
| TKO (punches)
| MMA Vitoria 1
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:40
| Vitória, Brazil
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 1–2–1
| Oliver Jones
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Extreme Fighting 1
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 4:38
| London, England
|
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 1–1–1
| Lola Bamgbala
| Draw
| UKMMAC 12: Brutal Beatdown
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Essex, England
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–1
| Tom Lowman
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| UKMMAC 10: Slugfest
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:45
| Essex, England
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 0–1
| Darren Guisha
| TKO (leg injury)
| UKMMAC 8: Natural Force
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:59
| Essex, England
|
Mixed martial arts exhibition record
|-
|Loss
|align=center|2–1
| Julian Erosa
| Decision (split)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber
| (airdate)
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
| Jason Gonzalez
| Decision (unanimous)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber
| (airdate)
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
| Vlado Sikic
| TKO (shoulder injury)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber
| (airdate)
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:33
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
Except where otherwise indicated, details provided in the record box are taken from Sherdog.
References
External links
M-1 Mixfight Profile for Abner Lloveras
Official Website of Esport Rogent
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Spanish male mixed martial artists
Category:Welterweight mixed martial artists
Category:Spanish practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Category:Sportspeople from Barcelona
Category:Catalan sportspeople
Category:Spanish male boxers
Category:Spanish male kickboxers
Category:People from Ludlow, Massachusetts
Category:Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tuscola Township, Michigan
Tuscola Township is a civil township of Tuscola County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,082 at the 2010 Census.
The city of Vassar is to the northeast and incorporates some land from the survey township that forms the basis for the present civil township.
History
The township was established in 1840 as a township of Saginaw County and encompassed all of Tuscola County, which had been created by an Act of the Michigan Legislature on April 1, 1840, from land in Sanilac County and attached for administrative purposes to Saginaw County.
Communities
Tuscola is an unincorporated community in the Township North and South of the Cass River in section 28 at Bray Road . A post off named "Worth" was established on March 6, 1848, with Ebenezer Davis as the first postmaster. The name changed to Tuscola on January 8, 1875. The community was platted in 1850 and the post office operated until January 5, 1962. The plat for the Village of Tuscola south of the River was filed in 1861. The Muro Matheson Addition to the Village plat was filed in May 1868. The city of Vassar post office with ZIP code 48768 provides P.O. Box service.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (0.27%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,152 people, 793 households, and 623 families residing in the township. The population density was 65.3 per square mile (25.2/km²). There were 826 housing units at an average density of 25.1 per square mile (9.7/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 98.37% White, 0.42% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.65% from other races, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.21% of the population.
There were 793 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.6% were married couples living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.4% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the township the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $49,130, and the median income for a family was $53,750. Males had a median income of $40,568 versus $24,231 for females. The per capita income for the township was $18,986. About 3.3% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over.
References
Category:Townships in Tuscola County, Michigan
Category:1840 establishments in Michigan
Category:Townships in Michigan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Wall Hangings (exhibition)
Wall Hangings was an exhibition of textile fiber art at Museum of Modern Art from 25 February to 4 May 1969. It was planned in 1966 and toured 11 cities in 1968–1969.
About
Wall Hangings Exhibition was curated by Mildred Constantine and Jack Lenor Larsen and featured 28 Artists from 8 countries. It was the first major art exhibition in fiber arts or textiles. Artworks were noted for their techniques, material, scale and three-dimensionality and were referenced both to their break from and use of tradition in those areas. The history of the artists in the show were directly attributed to the Austrian Wiener Werkstätte and the German Bauhaus, though mention was made of other inspirations such as Pre-Columbian Peruvian weavers.
Ideology
The 19 December 1968 Press release by the Museum of Modern Art for the exhibition Wall Hangings states: "During the last 10 years, developments in weaving have caused us to revise our concepts of this craft and view the work within the context of twenty-first century art. The weavers from eight countries represented in this exhibition are not part of the fabric industry, but of the world of art. They have extended the formal possibilities of weaving, frequently using complex and unique techniques."
Impact
The only national art world press was written by Louise Bourgeois for Craft Horizons and was negative and suggested that the work was not fine art. As craft theorist Elissa Auther states in her 2009 book String Felt & Thread: "Despite the awareness of the negative art world attitudes concerning media traditionally associated with the crafts, the strategy Constantine and Larsen adopted to assert fiber's art status was to introduce the new genre into the fine art world on the terms set by that world."
Participating Artists
References
Category:Museum of Modern Art (New York City) exhibitions
Category:1969 in art
Category:Fabric sculptures
Category:Textile arts | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
David Edwards (golfer)
David Wayne Edwards (born April 18, 1956) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour from 1979–2005 and now plays on the Champions Tour. He is the younger brother of former PGA Tour professional, Danny Edwards.
Edwards was born in Neosho, Missouri. He attended Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, Oklahoma and was a distinguished member of the golf team — a first-team All-American his junior and senior years. Edwards and teammate, Lindy Miller, led the Cowboys to the 1976 and 1978 NCAA Championships. Edwards was the individual medalist at the 1978 tournament in his senior year. He turned pro later that same year and joined the PGA Tour in 1979.
Edwards had more than 65 top-10 finishes in PGA Tour events and won four times (the first one was a Championship he shared with his brother). His best finish in a major was T3 at The Masters in 1984. In 1987, he scored the only double eagle in Torrey Pines PGA tournament history with driver-driver to the 18th green in the third round of play. During his late forties, Edwards split his playing time between the PGA Tour and the Nationwide Tour as do so many golfers at that stage who are preparing for the Champions Tour.
Edwards became eligible for the Champions Tour in April 2006, and won his first title at the 3M Championship in August of that year.
Edwards lives in Edmond, Oklahoma. He is a serious pilot who flies his own plane to tournaments.
Professional wins (7)
PGA Tour wins (4)
PGA Tour playoff record (1–1)
Other wins (2)
1994 Oklahoma Open
1996 Oklahoma Open
Champions Tour wins (1)
Results in major championships
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 6 (1994 Masters – 1995 U.S. Open)
Longest streak of top-10s – 1
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
See also
1999 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
External links
Category:American male golfers
Category:Oklahoma State Cowboys golfers
Category:PGA Tour golfers
Category:PGA Tour Champions golfers
Category:Golfers from Missouri
Category:Golfers from Oklahoma
Category:People from Neosho, Missouri
Category:Sportspeople from Edmond, Oklahoma
Category:1956 births
Category:Living people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Radwan Karout
Radwan Karout (born 25 March 1950) is a Syrian former wrestler who competed in the 1980 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:Olympic wrestlers of Syria
Category:Wrestlers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Syrian male sport wrestlers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Upthegrove
Upthegrove is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Dave Upthegrove, American politician
Dewitt Upthegrove, American businessman and politician
Laura Upthegrove, 20th-century American outlaw, bank robber, bootlegger and pirate
William Hendry Upthegrove, American army captain
See also
Op den Graeff family
Upthegrove Beach, Florida, an unincorporated community in Okeechobee County, Florida, United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
You're a Friend of Mine
"You're a Friend of Mine" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album Hero of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band, including songwriter Walden on drums. The 'B-Side' was a song called "Let the Music Say It" not included on the album Hero. "Let the Music Say It" was produced in 1985 and written by Clemons and Michael Jonzun.
Bolstered by the enormous popularity of Springsteen at the time, the song was a success commercially, reaching the top 20 on the Billboard Hot 100 (#18), Mainstream Rock (#16), and the top 40 on the Adult Contemporary (#21) charts in the U.S.
The song was named #100 on VH1's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s in 2009.
A live version of the song was recorded on Clemons' 2004 album with Temple of Soul entitled Live in Asbury Park, Vol. 2.
This song was used by the World Wrestling Federation (WWE) in early 1986, to cement a storyline involving a feud between "Rowdy" Roddy Piper and "Ace" Cowboy Bob Orton, culminating with a montage of their work together from 1984-86. It was also used again on 02/03/1989 on NBC's "The Main Event" to show the close friendships of The Mega Powers- Hulk Hogan, Randy "Macho Man" Savage, and Miss Elizabeth.
It was heard on the pilot episode of My Two Dads on NBC in 1987.
Chart performance
References
Category:1985 singles
Category:Jackson Browne songs
Category:Vocal duets
Category:Songs written by Narada Michael Walden
Category:Song recordings produced by Narada Michael Walden
Category:Songs written by Jeffrey E. Cohen
Category:1985 songs
Category:CBS Records singles | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
League of Iraqi Communists
League of Iraqi Communists () was a communist organisation in Iraq, led by Daud as-Sayegh. The League was founded in February 1944, after a split in the Iraqi Communist Party. As-Sayegh had revolted against Fahd's leadership in the Iraqi Communist Party, accusing him of adventurism and undemocratic practices. The League published the publication al-'Amal.
References
Category:Defunct communist parties in Iraq
Category:Iraqi Communist Party breakaway groups
Category:Political parties established in 1944 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Puerto Esperanza
Puerto Esperanza may refer to:
Puerto Esperanza, Misiones, a village and municipality in Misiones Province in north-eastern Argentina
Esperanza, Ucayali, also known as Puerto Esperanza, a town in Peru, capital of Purús Province in Ucayali Region
Puerto Esperanza Airport serving the town Esperanza, Ucayali, Peru | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
International Police Association
The International Police Association (IPA) is the largest organisation for police officers in the world, founded by British sergeant Arthur Troop (1914–2000). The association has 72 national sections and over 360,000 members and associate members.
Organizational structure and goals
The International Police Association was founded on 1 January 1950 under the Esperanto motto on its emblem, Servo per Amikeco (Service through Friendship), to create friendly links and encourage cooperation between individual police officers around the world. It organizes participation in international, national and local professional, cultural and social events and offers opportunities for professional development in its educational facility, IBZ Gimborn (Germany) www.ibz-gimborn.de, with funding for individual members through the Arthur Troop Scholarship. It also offers exchange of best practice and topics faced by the police in today’s world by attending World Seminars, in particular for young police officers and professional Police exchange programmes, emergency aid for disasters, coordinated by the International Social Commission and accommodation opportunities in more than 70 IPA Houses established in more than 20 countries. The IPA organises the International Youth Gatherings for children of IPA members aged 16–17 in a different country each year.
The IPA has 3 international commissions, each chaired by a member of the International Executive Board and with members from various countries around the world. The External Relations Commission provides liaison officers at various UN, European and American organisations. The Socio - Cultural Commission looks after cultural events and competitions, runs the International Youth Gathering amongst its tasks. It is also responsible for IPA houses and coordinates social and sporting events. The Professional Commission runs the International Development and Learning Exchange Programme, the Arthur Troop Scholarship, Young Officers' Seminars and carries out professional surveys. The Treasurer Social organises emergency and humanitarian aid to members following natural disasters. The offices of the International Administration Centre (IAC) are in Arthur Troop House, in West Bridgford, a suburb of Nottingham. www.ipa-international.org .
History
The IPA – the largest police organisation in the World – was founded on 1 January 1950. Since that time, its Esperanto motto "Servo per Amikeco" (Service through Friendship) has reached more people than could have been imagined.
The association was formed because a police sergeant from Lincolnshire, England, Arthur Troop, wanted to create a channel for friendship and international co-operation amongst police officers. With the help of early pioneers he helped to found other national sections in Western Europe, Africa, America (north and south), Asia and Australasia. In 1955, at the first International Executive Committee meeting in Paris, he became the first international secretary general, a post he held until 1966.
In the Queen’s Birthday Honours List of 1965, Arthur Troop was awarded the British Empire Medal for his work in founding the IPA. At the 26th IEC Conference in Vienna, in 1995, he was awarded the IPA World Police Prize. The association's 50th Anniversary World Congress was held in Bournemouth in May 2000.
References
External links
Official Website
International Cultural Commission on Facebook
Category:International nongovernmental organizations
Category:Law enforcement
Category:Organisations based in Nottingham
Category:1950 establishments in England | {
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Acteocina bullata
Acteocina bullata, common name the striate barrel bubble, is a species of small sea snail, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Acteocinidae, the barrel bubble snails.
Description
The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 10 mm.
The small shell is oblong and cylindrical. It is of a diaphanous white. It is very fine and shows very close transverse striae cover the whole of the shell. The short, conical spire is composed of five whorls, the sutures of which are canaliculated. The oblong aperture is narrow in its two upper thirds, and dilated at its base. The thin outer lip is round, and notched at the upper part at its union with the inner lip. The columella shows one fold.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and off Puerto Rico; also off East Brasil.
References
Rosenberg, G.; Moretzsohn, F.; García, E. F. (2009). Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
External links
Category:Acteocinidae
Category:Gastropods described in 1834 | {
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Stigmella crataegifoliella
Stigmella crataegifoliella is a moth of the family Nepticulidae. It is found in North America in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Ontario.
The wingspan is 3.5-4.5 mm. Adults are on wing in May and again in August in Ohio. There are two generations per year.
The larvae feed on Crataegus species. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine is comparatively short, rapidly increasing in diameter. There is an irregular line of frass running through the mine. The larvae are bright green and the cocoon is reddish brown.
External links
Nepticulidae of North America
A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Stigmella (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae)
Category:Nepticulidae
Category:Moths described in 1861
Category:Moths of North America | {
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Besmir Arifaj
Besmir Arifaj (born 6 May 1986) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Korabi Peshkopi in the Albanian Superliga.
Club career
Bylis Ballsh
On 8 August 2012, Arifaj agreed personal term and signed a two-year contract with Bylis Ballsh. He made his first appearance for the new club on 26 August in the opening Albanian Superliga week against Flamurtari Vlorë, entering as a second-half substitute in a 1–1 draw. During the course of 2012–13 season, Arifaj made 25 appearances, including 18 in league, as Bylis barley assured the survival in Superliga. He also made 9 appearances in cup, as Bylis reached the final for the first time in history, losing out to Laçi after extra time, as Arifaj was sent-off during the match. During this competition, he scored in the 3–1 home win against Luftëtari Gjirokastër. He left the club following the end of the season.
Luftëtari Gjirokastr
In January 2016, Arifaj joined fellow Albanian First Division side Luftëtari Gjirokastër until the end of the season. He made his debut on 13 February in the league encounter against Lushnja, playing for 57 minutes in an eventual 0–1 away win. Arifaj scored his first goal of the campaign on 30 April, netting the lone goal of the match against Sopoti Librazhd. The team finished the Group B in the first position with 68 points, and was promoted to Albanian Superliga for the first time since 2012. Following the end of the season, the club terminated the contract with Arifaj by mutual consent, making him a free agent in the process.
Third spell at Dinamo Tirana
On 29 July 2016, Arifaj returned to Dinamo Tirana for the second time by signing a one-year contract.
Korabi Peshkopi
On 19 January 2017, Arifaj signed a contract until the end of the season with Albanian Superliga strugglers Korabi Peshkopi.
Honours
Dinamo Tirana
Albanian Cup: 2008–09
Luftëtari Gjirokastër
Albanian First Division: 2015–16
References
Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Pukë
Category:Albanian footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:FK Partizani Tirana players
Category:Flamurtari Vlorë players
Category:KS Kastrioti players
Category:FK Tomori Berat players
Category:FK Dinamo Tirana players
Category:KF Bylis Ballsh players
Category:Luftëtari Gjirokastër players
Category:KF Korabi Peshkopi players
Category:Albanian Superliga players
Category:Albanian First Division players | {
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2018 MBC Entertainment Awards
The 2018 MBC Entertainment Awards presented by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC), took place on December 29, 2018 at MBC Public Hall in Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul. It was hosted by Jun Hyun-moo, Seungri and Lee Hye-ri.
Nominations and winners
Others awards
Contribution Award:
Republic of Korea Army
Scriptwriter of the Year in Radio:
Kim Se-yoon –
Special Award in Radio:
Jang Yong
Shin Chae-yi reporter
Achievement Award in Radio:
Korea District Heating Corporation
Scriptwriter of the Year in Current Events:
Lee So-young
Special Award in Current Events:
Presenters
Special performances
References
External links
Category:Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation television programmes
Category:South Korean television awards
Category:2018 television awards
Category:2018 in South Korea | {
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Pickering—Ajax—Uxbridge (provincial electoral district)
Pickering—Ajax—Uxbridge was a provincial electoral district in central Ontario, Canada that elected one Member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. It was created in 1999 from Durham West and Durham—York. It was abolished in 2007 with the territory rolled into Ajax—Pickering, Durham and Pickering—Scarborough East.
The riding included all of Pickering and Uxbridge plus all of Ajax north of Finch Avenue.
Members of Provincial Parliament
Janet Ecker, Ontario Progressive Conservative Party (1999–2003)
Wayne Arthurs, Ontario Liberal Party (2003–2007)
Election results
Category:Defunct Ontario provincial electoral districts | {
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Plasmodium cephalophi
Plasmodium cephalophi is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Vinckeia. As in all Plasmodium species, P. cephalophi has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are mammals.
Taxonomy
The parasite was first described by Bruce et al. in 1913.
Description
The schizonts give rise to 8-12 merozoites. Mature merozoites measure 10 x 10 micrometres.
The merozoites are large measuring 3.5 by 4.0 micrometres.
The gametocytes are round and possess a number of darkly staining granules.
The infected erythrocytes are pale.
Distribution
This species was described in Malawi.
Hosts
The parasite was found in the blood of two antelopes (Cephalophus grimmi).
It is also known to infect the grey duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia)
References
cephalophi | {
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Gregorio Gordo
Gregorio "Goyo" Gordo Pradel (born 1958) is a Spanish politician and trade unionist. A member of the Assembly of Madrid from 2007 to 2007, he led the United Left of the Community of Madrid (IU–CM) from 2009 to 2012.
Biography
Born on 19 August 1958 in Madrid, he joined the Comisiones Obreras (CC.OO.) in 1976.
Gordo, who dropped off from university studies in Law, worked in a goldsmith workshop from 1976 to 1983. He later became a public officer of the Spanish Tax Agency.
He became a member of the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in 1983 and also was a founding member of United Left (IU).
He was elected in the 1991 municipal election in Getafe and became a city councillor, serving as such until 2003.
He ran second in the United Left of the Community of Madrid (IU–CM) list for the 2007 Madrilenian regional election led by Inés Sabanés, becoming member of the 8th Assembly of Madrid.
He became the new Coordinator-General of IU–CM in March 2015, after his election among the members of the IU–CM political council (107 positive votes, 7 abstentions). The post had been vacant for a while following the resignation of Fernando Marín in 2008.
He ran first in the United Left–The Greens (IU–LV) list for the 2011 Madrilenian regional election, renovating his seat in the regional legislature for its 9th term.
In February 2015, following the credit card misuse scandal of Bankia successor to the Madrid Savings Bank Caja Madrid and the direct implication of the bank's vicechairman and several other forma boardmembers elected on behalf of IU, the national leadership accused the regional leadership of lack of action regarding the activities of its members of the bank, asking for Gordo's resignation. This led to his precautionary suspension of membership in the PCE, and his final expulsion from IU on the basis of a "serious misconduct", following his refusal to rennounce to his posts in the organization after repeated requirements by the IU Federal Council.
In January 2018, informal meetings between Gordo and José Manuel Franco, Secretary-General of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of the Community of Madrid (PSOE-M) were reported.
References
Category:Members of the 8th Assembly of Madrid
Category:Members of the 9th Assembly of Madrid
Category:City councillors in the Community of Madrid
Category:Members of the United Left Parliamentary Group (Assembly of Madrid)
Category:Members of the United Left–The Greens Parliamentary Group (Assembly of Madrid)
Category:1958 births
Category:Living people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Prince Edward Island Route 10
Route 10 is a , two-lane, uncontrolled-access, secondary provincial highway in western Prince Edward Island, Canada. Its western terminus is at Route 1A in Bedeque and Area and its eastern terminus is at Route 1 in Tryon.
Route description
The route begins at its western terminus and heads south, snaking its way to Borden-Carleton. It then turns southeast and goes to Cape Traverse. It then goes eastward until it reached its eastern terminus in Tryon.
References
010
010 | {
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Creggan, County Tyrone
Creggan (Irish: creagan (A rocky place). is a townland in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is situated in the historic barony of Omagh East and the civil parish of Termonmaguirk and covers an area of 4022 acres.
Popular places of tourist interest include the An Creagán centre, located three miles north of Carrickmore on the main Cookstown to Omagh road. Tourists are drawn to the old-fashioned cottages located near the An Creagán centre.
The popular traditional folk song, The "Creggan White Hare", is named for this townland.
The population of the townland declined during the 19th century:
See also
List of townlands of County Tyrone
References
Category:Townlands of County Tyrone
Category:Civil parish of Termonmaguirk | {
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Wilson v. Mason
Wilson v. Mason, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 45 (1801), was a United States Supreme Court case. It resolved a dispute between George Wilson and Founding Father George Mason over of land along the Green River in present-day Kentucky.
Background
In 1779 the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia enacted a statute that authorized the sale of otherwise unowned land to private buyers. The act held that anyone who deposits 40 pounds into the state treasury is entitled to of land West of the Ohio River. The purchaser would receive a receipt for the amount of land to which he was entitled. He would then take the receipt to the Land Office and enter a description of the specific land he wanted to claim. Finally the county surveyor would survey the land according to the description entered into the records of the Land Office and record the survey in the county records.
In April 1780 Mason claimed in two plats along a tributary of the Green River. In October of the same year he restated and clarified his claim with the surveyor. In April 1783 Wilson entered a claim and survey for which included Mason's plat. The survey of Mason's land was conducted in the Fall of 1783. Changes were made to the claim during the survey. Wilson filed suit to prevent the title to the land they both claimed transferring to Mason. He claimed that Mason's claim was too vague and that the survey was not conducted properly.
The decision
The essential issue before the court was one of when the claim was properly made. By the time the Supreme Court heard the case, the land was no longer in Virginia, but was now part of Kentucky. Also, the statutes at issue were passed by the Virginia Legislature prior to the ratification of the United States Constitution. Nevertheless, the court felt bound to interpret the law as it was in 1780. The time-line was thus as follows:
Mason makes claim to land
Wilson makes claim to land
Mason surveys land and in so doing may have changed the original claim
The court ruled that it was the claim and not the survey that was dispositive. Thus, Mason's claim should have been the valid one. However, the Court concluded that the Mason's survey was performed contrary to the claim. Therefore, for Mason's title to be valid, the survey and not the claim must be dispositive.
The Court ruled for Wilson and gave him title over the land in question.
See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 5
Property law
Notes and references
External links
Category:United States Supreme Court cases
Category:1801 in United States case law
Category:George Mason
Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Marshall Court | {
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Death of Baby P
Peter Connelly (also known as "Baby P", "Child A", and "Baby Peter") was a 17-month-old English boy who died in London in 2007 after suffering more than fifty injuries over an eight-month period, during which he was repeatedly seen by the London Borough of Haringey Children's services and National Health Service (NHS) health professionals. Baby P's real first name was revealed as "Peter" on the conclusion of a subsequent trial of Peter's mother's boyfriend on a charge of raping a two-year-old. His full identity was revealed when his killers were named after the expiry of a court anonymity order on 10 August 2009.
The case caused shock and concern among the public and in Parliament, partly because of the magnitude of Peter's injuries, and partly because Peter had lived in the London Borough of Haringey, North London, under the same child welfare authorities that had already failed seven years earlier in the case of Victoria Climbié leading to a public inquiry which resulted in measures being put in place in an effort to prevent similar cases happening.
Peter's mother Tracey Connelly, her boyfriend Steven Barker, and Jason Owen (later revealed to be the brother of Barker) were all convicted of causing or allowing the death of a child, the mother having pleaded guilty to the charge. A court order issued by the High Court in England had prevented the publication of the identity of Baby P; this was lifted on 1 May 2009 by Justice Coleridge. An order sought by Haringey Council to stop publication of the identities of his mother and her boyfriend was granted, but expired on 10 August 2009.
The child protection services of Haringey and other agencies were widely criticised. Following the conviction, three inquiries and a nationwide review of social service care were launched, and the Head of Children's Services at Haringey was removed at the direction of the government minister. Another nationwide review was conducted by Lord Laming into his own recommendations concerning Victoria Climbié's killing in 2000. The death was also the subject of debate in the House of Commons.
Biography
Peter Connelly was born to Tracey Connelly on 1 March 2006. In November, Connelly's new boyfriend, Steven Barker, moved in with her. In December, a general practitioner physician noticed bruises on Peter's face and chest. His mother was arrested and Peter was put into the care of a family friend, but returned home to his mother's care in January 2007. Over the next few months, Peter was admitted to hospital on two occasions suffering from injuries including bruising, scratches and swelling on the side of the head. Connelly was arrested again in May 2007.
In June 2007, a social worker observed marks on Peter and informed the police. A medical examination concluded that the bruising was the result of abuse. On 4 June, the baby was placed with a friend for safeguarding. On 25 July, Haringey Council's Children & Young People's Service obtained legal advice which indicated that the "threshold for initiating Care Proceedings...was not met".
On 1 August 2007, Peter was seen at St. Ann's Hospital in North London by locum paediatrician Dr Sabah Al-Zayyat. Serious injuries, including a broken back and broken ribs, very likely went undetected, as the autopsy report believed these to have pre-dated Al-Zayyat's examination. A day later, Connelly was informed that she would not be prosecuted.
The next day, an ambulance was called and Peter was found in his cot, blue and clad only in a nappy. After attempts at resuscitation, he was taken to North Middlesex Hospital with his mother but was pronounced dead at 12:20 pm. A post-mortem revealed he had swallowed a tooth after being punched. Other injuries included a broken back, broken ribs, mutilated fingertips and missing fingernails.
The police immediately began a murder investigation and Peter's mother was arrested. Also arrested were Steven Barker, his brother Jason Owen, and Owen's 15-year-old girlfriend, who had fled to and were hiding in a campsite in Epping Forest.
Trials
On 11 November 2008, Owen, 36, and his brother Barker, 32, were found guilty of "causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable person". Connelly, 27, had already pleaded guilty to this charge. Earlier in the trial, Owen and Connelly had been cleared of murder because of insufficient evidence. Barker was found not guilty of murder by a jury.
A second trial took place in April 2009, when Connelly and Barker, under aliases, faced charges related to the rape of a two-year-old girl. The girl was also on Haringey's child protection register. Barker was found guilty of rape, while Connelly was found not guilty of child cruelty charges. Their defence lawyers argued that this second trial was nearly undermined by bloggers publishing information linking them to the death of Peter, which could have prejudiced the jury.
Sentencing for both trials together took place on 22 May 2009 at the Old Bailey. Connelly received a sentence of "imprisonment for public protection", and ordered to be indefinitely imprisoned until "deemed no longer to be a risk to the public and in particular to small children," with a minimum term of five years. Barker was sentenced to life imprisonment for the rape, with a minimum sentence of ten years, and a 12-year sentence for his role in the death of Peter, to run concurrently. Owen was also jailed indefinitely, with a minimum term of three years. The sentences were criticised as too lenient by the NSPCC's chief executive, and the Attorney General considered referring them to the Court of Appeal for review, concluding that there was "no realistic prospect" of the Court of Appeal increasing the sentences. The three appealed against their sentences, Barker against both convictions and sentences.
Owen's sentence was changed on appeal to a fixed six-year term. He was released in August 2011, but later recalled to prison. Connelly was released on licence in 2013, but returned to prison in 2015 for breaching her parole; she became ineligible for review for two years. Barker had an application for parole turned down in August 2017. Connelly was refused parole for a third time in December 2019.
Aftermath
Internal inquiry
Haringey Council initiated an internal audit serious case review (SCR) after Peter's death. After completion of the court case, only an executive summary was released to the public. The full report was kept confidential, with only some employees of Haringey Council and Haringey councillors allowed access. The two local MPs whose constituencies cover Haringey (Lynne Featherstone and David Lammy), leader of the opposition Robert Gorrie, and opposition spokesperson for Children's Services, were asked to sign non-disclosure agreements to view the document. Ed Balls condemned the serious case review and called for a second report with an independent adjudicator.
The Mail on Sunday on 15 March 2009 reported that details of the SCR had come into its possession. The article claimed that the executive summary of the SCR either conflicted or omitted details about how the case had been handled and the extent of the injuries suffered by Peter. Furthermore, there were instances of mishandling by officials, missed and delayed meetings, miscommunication among officials, and a failure to follow through with decisions related to the child's safety. It also noted among other issues that officials had not followed through with obtaining an interim care order that would have removed Peter from his home when they had agreed that legal grounds had existed for doing so six months before he died; key officials also failed to attend a 25 July 2007 meeting intended to decide if it would be necessary to remove Peter from his mother's home at that time.
External reports and inquiries
Lynne Featherstone MP was critical of Haringey Council, writing, "I personally met with George Meehan and Ita O'Donovan – Haringey Council's leader and chief executive – to raise with them three different cases, where the pattern was in each case Haringey seeming to want to blame anyone who complained rather than to look at the complaint seriously. I was promised action – but despite repeated subsequent requests for news on progress – I was just stonewalled."
Three council workers, including one senior lawyer, were given written warnings about their actions.
The General Medical Council (GMC) separately examined the roles of two doctors: Dr. Jerome Ikwueke, a GP, and Dr. Sabah Al-Zayyat, a paediatrician who examined Peter two days before his death. Although Dr. Ikwueke had twice referred Peter to hospital specialists, the GMC's Interim Orders Panel suspended Dr. Ikwueke for 18 months. Dr. Al-Zayyat, who has been accused of failing to spot his injuries, was suspended pending an inquiry. Her contract with Great Ormond Street Hospital, responsible for child services in Haringey, was also terminated.
Ed Balls, Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families, ordered an external inquiry into Haringey Council Social Services. The inquiry was not to examine the 'Baby P' case explicitly, but to look into whether Haringey Social Services were following correct procedures in general. This report was presented to ministers on 1 December 2008. During a press conference that day, the Minister announced that, in an unusual move, he had used special powers to remove Sharon Shoesmith from her post as head of children's services at Haringey Council. She rejected calls for her resignation, saying that she wanted to continue to support her staff during the investigations, but was dismissed on 8 December 2008 by Haringey Council, without any compensation package. Shoesmith later brought legal proceedings against Ed Balls, Ofsted, and Haringey Council, claiming that the decisions which led to her dismissal were unfair. The High Court dismissed this claim in April 2010, although Shoesmith was still entitled to pursue an action for unfair dismissal in an employment tribunal. In May 2011, Shoesmith's appeal against her dismissal succeeded in the Court of Appeal; the Department of Education and Haringey Council said they intended to appeal to the Supreme Court against this decision. Their applications for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court were refused on 1 August 2011. It was reported by BBC News on 29 October 2013 that Sharon Shoesmith agreed to a six-figure payout for unfair dismissal.
Also announced on 1 December 2008 were the resignations of Labour Council leader George Meehan and councillor Liz Santry, cabinet member for Children and Young People. These councillors had previously refused calls for their resignation during a 24 November council meeting. In April 2009, the council announced that its deputy director of children's services, two other managers, and a social worker, who had been suspended pending an enquiry, had also all been dismissed.
Three further inquires were also ordered:
The role of all agencies involved in Peter Connelly's case, including the health authority, police and Haringey Council, would be reviewed.
The General Social Care Council would look into potential breaches of its code of practice.
Lord Laming would conduct a nationwide review of his own recommendations after the Victoria Climbié inquiry.
Through a lawyer acting on her behalf, a former social worker for Haringey, Nevres Kemal, sent a letter to the secretary of the Department of Health, Patricia Hewitt, in February 2007, six months before Peter's death. The letter contained an allegation that child protection procedures were not being followed in Haringey. Hewitt took no action, except to forward the letter to the DES, now the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). Haringey Council then took out an injunction against Kemal, banning her from speaking about child care in Haringey. Kemal's lawyer stated, "Hewitt bounced us onto the DES... the DES then advised us to write to the Commission for Social Care Inspection whom we had written to on the same day as we had written to Hewitt, copying in the letter to Hewitt and the relevant material. By that time of course they had an injunction against us so we couldn't go back to the inspectorate. The inspectorate had been properly advised at the time and had done nothing."
Kim Holt, a consultant paediatrician, who worked in a clinic run by Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital at St Ann's Hospital in Haringey, north London, said she and three colleagues wrote an open letter detailing problems at the clinic in 2006. She claimed Peter could have been saved if managers had listened to fears raised by senior doctors.
Report by Lord Laming
Lord Laming published his report, "The Protection of Children in England: A Progress Report" on 12 March 2009. It stated that too many authorities had failed to adopt reforms introduced following his previous review into welfare following the death of Victoria Climbié in 2000.
Libel action by biological father
On 5 March 2012, Peter's biological father was awarded £75,000 in damages after The People wrongly stated in its 19 September 2010 edition that he was a convicted sex offender. Lawyers for the man, known only as "KC", said that the publishers of The People were guilty of "one of the gravest libels imaginable". Publishers MGN had previously apologised and offered to pay damages.
Survey concerning recurrence
In September 2015, in a survey by the Community Practitioners and Health Visitors Association, out of 751 health visitors polled 47% thought it was somewhat likely or very likely that a similar death would recur.
See also
Similar cases
Murder of Nubia Barahona
Murder of Nixzmary Brown
Murder of Anjelica Castillo
Murder of Victoria Climbié
Murder of Daniel Pelka
Lisa Steinberg
References
External links
Timeline of Baby P case
Category:2006 births
Category:2007 deaths
Category:2007 crimes in the United Kingdom
Category:2007 in London
Category:2000s trials
Category:August 2007 crimes
Category:August 2007 events in the United Kingdom
Category:Child abuse in England
Category:Child abuse resulting in death
P, Baby
Category:Murdered English children
Category:People from the London Borough of Haringey
Category:Social care in England
Category:Trials in London
Category:Violence in London | {
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Choi Sung-kuk
Choi Sung-Kuk (born 8 February 1983) is a former South Korean footballer who played the forward position.
He was part of the South Korea 2004 Olympic football team, who finished second in Group A, making it through to the next round, before being defeated by silver medal winners Paraguay. He was also capped for South Korean U-20 team at 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship.
A member of Korea's squad for the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, he scored a goal in the opening match against Saudi Arabia.
Club career
Ulsan
Choi joined Ulsan Hyundai, the K-League giant in 2003. Ulsan placed second in the league that season. In 2005, he was loaned out to J1 League side Kashiwa Reysol, but after a 5-month disappointing spell, he returned to Ulsan. Following his return, Ulsan won the league that year. Choi also became the top scorer for the Hauzen Cup, which is the Korean League Cup. It seemed definite that Choi would become Ulsan's icon, but he moved to Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma, which made many Ulsan supporters extremely angry at the board.
Seongnam
Choi helped Seongnam become the runner-up that season. However, after his disappointing 2008 season Choi announced he would join the army in 2009, which angered many Seongnam fans. He moved to Gwangju Sangmu, the army team at the beginning of the 2009 season. There, his partnership with Kim Myung-Joong was the core of Gwangju's surprising performance.
In late 2010, he returned to Seongnam and participated in the 2010 FIFA Club World Cup. He scored in the quarterfinal against United Arab Emirates side Al-Wahda.
Suwon
Choi moved to Suwon Samsung Bluewings prior to the 2011 season.
Match-fixing scandal in June 2011
Choi was implicated in a match-fixing scandal while playing for the military team, Sangmu. He denied his involvement when media reports raised the allegations about throwing matches, but soon admitted it as the scandal deepened. Consequently, he was tentatively dropped from his team.
It was officially announced in August 2011 that he would not be able to play in the all league systems in South Korea permanently.
Rabotnički
On 16 January 2012, it was announced that Choi would join Macedonian side FK Rabotnički It was to be his first club in Europe of his career. However, his move fell through after the Football Federation of Macedonia rejected the player's registration after K-League revealed Choi had been banned from playing professional football in any league by FIFA. As of 16 March 2012, Choi Sung-Kuk future football career is in doubt.
Club statistics
National team statistics
International goals
Results list South Korea's goal tally first.
References
External links
National Team Player Record
Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Association football wingers
Category:South Korean footballers
Category:South Korean expatriate footballers
Category:South Korea international footballers
Category:Ulsan Hyundai FC players
Category:Kashiwa Reysol players
Category:Seongnam FC players
Category:Gwangju Sangmu FC players
Category:Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
Category:K League 1 players
Category:J1 League players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Japan
Category:Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Category:2007 AFC Asian Cup players
Category:Olympic footballers of South Korea
Category:Sportspeople from Seoul
Category:South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Category:Korea University alumni
Category:Asian Games medalists in football
Category:Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Category:Footballers at the 2006 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea
Category:Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
Category:Sportspeople banned for life
Category:Match fixers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Milton Hirschl
Milton Hirschl (19171999) was a Los Angeles based artist with paintings which had been exhibited throughout the USA, including the Museum of Modern Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the Skirball Cultural Center, the Smithsonian and the Hammer Museum. One of his paintings is listed on Etsy.
Hirschl also wrote a textbook about creative figure drawing. His book received at least one 5 star rating from an Amazon reviewer.
Hirschl taught for almost 40 years at the Pierce College, served in the military during World War II, was educated at Ohio State University, and Paris' Ecole des Beaux Arts and the Atelier de la Grande Chaumière. He was married to Sylvie Herschl. While at Pierce, Hirschl received a grant as part of a project to evaluate instructional development.
References
Category:20th-century American painters
Category:Painters from California
Category:1917 births
Category:1999 deaths | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Yaeyama language
The Yaeyama language (, Yaimamuni) is a Southern Ryukyuan language spoken in the Yaeyama Islands, the southernmost inhabited island group in Japan, with a combined population of about 53,000. The Yaeyama Islands are situated in the Southern Ryukyu Islands, southwest of the Miyako Islands and to the east of Taiwan. Yaeyama (Yaimamunii) is most closely related to Miyako. The number of competent native speakers is not known; as a consequence of Japanese language policy which refers to the language as the , reflected in the education system, people below the age of 60 tend to not use the language except in songs and rituals, and the younger generation exclusively uses Japanese as their first language. As compared to the Japanese kokugo, or Japanese national language, other Ryukyuan languages such as Okinawan and Amami have also been referred to as dialects of Japanese. Yaeyama is noted as having a comparatively lower "language vitality" among neighboring Ryukyuan languages.
Yaeyama is spoken in Ishigaki, Taketomi, Kohama, Kuroshima, Hatoma, Aragusuku, Iriomote and Hateruma, with complications of mutual intelligibility between dialects as a result of the Yaeyama Islands' large geographic span. The speech of Yonaguni Island, while related, is usually considered a separate language. The Taketomi dialect may instead be a Northern Ryukyuan language common to Okinawan dialects that later converged with the other Yaeyama dialects..
History
The Ryukyuan language split from Proto-Japonic when its speakers migrated to the Ryukyu Islands.[7] The Ryukyuan languages are argued to have been split from Proto-Japonic around 2 BCE
The Yaeyaman languages are classified under a Macro-Yaeyama branch of the Southern Ryukyuan languages. Innovations of Southern Ryukyuan languages, splitting Macro-Yaeyama and Miyako language families, include an "irregular shift from tone class B to A in 'how many' and a special form for 'garden'". Macro-Yaeyama innovations, grouping together Yaeyama languages and Dunan contain the "grammaticalization of 'know' as a potential auxiliary", similarities between multiple special forms such as "bud", "happy", "fresh", and "dirt", as well as a semantic conflation of "nephew" to mean either "nephew" or "niece". Yaeyaman dialects are differentiated from Dunan by innovations regarding a replacement of the verb "sell" with a causative form of "buy", a special form of "get wet", as well as an irregular shift of "*g>n" in 'beard'.
Some of the pronunciations that disappeared from Japanese around the 8th century, Japan's Nara period, can still be found in the Yaeyama languages. One example is the initial "p" sound, which in Japanese became an "h", while remaining a "p" in Yaeyama, except for "pu", which became "fu" in Yaeyama.
While the Yaeyama language was more "conservative" in some aspects, in the sense of preserving certain pronunciations, in other aspects it was more innovative. One example is the vowel system. Old Japanese had eight vowels (some perhaps diphthongs); this has been reduced to five in modern Japanese, but in Yaeyaman, vowel reduction has progressed further, to three vowels. Generally, when modern Japanese has an "e", the Yaeyama cognate will have an "i" (this is seen in "funi" above); and where modern Japanese has an "o", the Yaeyama cognate will have a "u" (as seen in "patu" above).
However, in the cases where Proto-Japonic has an *e, *əy, or *o that is not word final, Japanese is no more conservative than Yaeyama in this regard, as both underwent the same vowel raising at different stages, as shown below:
Like all Southern Ryukyuan languages, Yaeyama shows a "b" word initially compared to Japanese "w". This is perhaps believed to be an innovation from earlier "w". This also includes Japanese cognates that once had an initial "w" but was dropped later in the history of the language, such as "wodori" > "odori".
Many of these features have been lost in the history of the Okinawan language or were innovated compared to all other Japonic languages. One explanation for this is that it is possible to travel by sea from mainland Japan to the main island of Okinawa while keeping one island or another in sight at nearly all times; but there is a larger gap between the main island of Okinawa and the Yaeyamas, which would have required several nights on the open sea. For this reason, there was less traffic between mainland Japan and the Yaeyama islands, allowing further linguistic divergence.
Phonology
Hateruma
The Hateruma dialect contains seven vowels, with no distinction between long-short vowel length, and sixteen consonants. Hateruma is noted for having more vowels than any other dialect. A pharyngeal e is believed to be a result of "the coalescence of Proto-Yaeyama diphthongs '*ai and *aɨ.'"
There are three accent pitches present in Hateruma: falling, level, and rising accents. To correlate pitches, there are three classes of words under an "A, B, C" system; class A words correlate with the falling pitch, and class B and C are shown to have "an uneven correspondence with the Level and Rising patterns."
The Hateruma dialect is regarded as an innovative variety of Yaeyama Ryukyuan. It is the only dialect of the Yaeyama group to feature the pharyngeal eˤ, sonorant devoicing, noun-final consonant epenthesis and spirantization of voiceless velar stop before the vowel *i. It is also considered to have the strongest aspiration among of the Yaeyama dialects, and is also the only variety to display nasal and liquid devoicing.
The pharyngeal eˤ may be regionally expressed as /ɛ/, especially among those over the age of 90.
Additionally, Hateruma has the following sixteen consonants:
Hatoma
The Hatoma dialect contains two "tonal categories", denoted as marked and unmarked. Words of the marked class are analyzed as being "high from the syllable containing the second mora" and unmarked words begin from a low pitch but end with a low pitch. "Peripheral tone classes" are also noted in certain nouns and adverb.
Hatoma is noted for having the simplest verb conjugation and morphophonology of the Yaeyama dialects. One phonological process is a sequence of i, followed by e, becoming e in the case of i being in a light syllable and ja(a) in a heavy syllable. There is also a process of a sequence u, followed by a sequence becoming a long o with u in a light syllable and uwa(a) in a heavy syllable.
Miyara
The Miyara subdialect of Ishigaki has 21 consonants and 6 vowels in its inventory. It is noted that e and o are always long, as in many varieties of Ryukyuan. Long vowels are often shortened before the moraic nasal.
Following /s/, /z/, and /t͡s/, underlying /u/ neutralizes to [ɨ]. After nasals (/m/, /n/), glides (/j/, /w/) alveolar stops (/t/, /d/) or /h/, /ɸ/, and /ʃ/, the high central vowel /ɨ/ does not appear.
Syntax
Hateruma
Hateruma uses morphology and suffixation in its verbs and adjectives. Derivational morphology expresses causative and passive forms in verbs; potential forms are equal to the passive form. Verbal inflection expresses two types of indicatives, an imperative form, as well as a cohortative and prohibitive ending. Adjectives, nouns and verbs also compound and reduplicate, especially in producing adverbs from adjectives.
Hateruma has a case system with nine case markings and particles. There are eleven auxiliary verbs to denote forms of mood and aspect.
Ishigaki
The Ishigaki dialect is noted for having a peculiar expression of cardinal directions. It is found that when speaking to other native speakers, Ishigaki-speakers use an "intrinsic" and "relative" frame of reference system in which "north" and "south" are expressed in an intrinsic frame of reference as the verbs agaru ("go up, climb") and oriru ("go down, descend"), instead of Standard Japanese kita ("north") and minami ("south"). It is found that most speakers express "east" and "west" as Standard Japanese hidari ("left") and migi ("right") in a relative frame of reference.
Miyara
Miyaran Yaeyama has been argued to have no marked attributive form, unlike Okinawan and Old Japanese. However, there is evidence that phonological conditioning, namely an epenthetic -r marking between present stative -i and present tense marker -u (in order to avoid subsequent vowel sequences), accounts for non-overt attributive markings.
Wh-Questions
In Yaeyama, wh-phrases are marked with du, in contrast to Standard Japanese ka.
Omitting du from a wh-phrase is considered incorrect grammar. Yet, du marking is optional for adverbial or adjunct wh-phrases. In questions with multiple wh-words, only one can be marked with du. Further research is needed to learn more about Wh-questions in Yaeyama.
Endangerment and revitalization
The endangerment of Ryukyuan languages is attributed to historical and governmental factors. Originating in the 1872 annexation of the Okinawan Islands to Japan and the creation of Okinawa Prefecture in 1879, there has since been a movement referred to as the "Japanization of the Luchuan Islands". A national language movement known as kokugo has developed in result of this.The kokugo movement includes the 1907 implementation of the Ordinance of Dialect Regulation, demoting diverse Ryukyuan languages to the status of "dialects" (hogen) and discouraging of speaking these dialects in the Japanese school system.
There is estimated to be a remaining 7,000-10,000 Yaeyama speakers, mostly being spoken in the home. There have been many revival societies and movements erected to preserve Ryukyuan languages and culture. The earliest language revival movement is regarded as being part of the Koza Society of Culture, instituted in 1955. A large benefactor to preserving and reviving Ryukyuan languages is the Society for Spreading Okinawan (Uchinaguchi fukyu kyogikai), whose constitution is dedicated to initiating dialect classes and Okinawan teacher training programs, as well as advancing towards a singular Okinawan orthography. There are also notable submovements in Ryukyuan language survival present in Okinawan radio broadcasts, as well as "presentation circles and plays" and language classes integrated in the Okinawan school curriculum on the local level.
References
Further reading
Shigehisa Karimata, 2008. Phonological comparison of Yaeyama dialects
External links
Oori Taboori podcast/blog (Miyara)
Category:Ryukyuan languages | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Larch Mountain (Multnomah County, Oregon)
Larch Mountain is an extinct volcano near Portland, Oregon. The name is misleading, as no western larch (a large coniferous tree) can be found there. It received that name when early lumbermen sold the noble fir wood as larch. The peak can be reached between May and November on paved Larch Mountain Road, east of Corbett, Oregon, although the road is closed during the winter and spring months.
Geography
Larch Mountain is located in Multnomah County, Oregon approximately east of Portland, above the Columbia River Gorge. Although it has an elevation of , its prominence above the surrounding terrain is only . The summit of the mountain is accessible by Larch Mountain Road between May and November, which branches off from the Historic Columbia River Highway east of Corbett. Due to the risk of driving on the mountain's upper slopes in winter weather, the road closes during the winter months at milepost 10.
History
In 1879, Amos James Moore was the first known person to advocate for the logging and settling of Larch Mountain. Attractive due to its proximity to Portland and the Columbia River, it contained what were considered some of the highest-quality cedar, hemlock, and fir trees in the United States. In 1886, the Bridal Veil Lumbering Company started logging and constructed a lumber mill, followed a year later by the Latourrel Falls Wagon Road and Lumber Company. The operation rapidly expanded with the construction of a wooden plank road extending from Larch Mountain to the railroad line near the river, allowing for the large-scale logging of the mountain. The Bridal Veil Lumbering company became known for the high quality of its timber.
In 1902, a fire swept through one of the mills, completely destroying it as well as the town. Both were soon rebuilt in new locations. This event is often heralded as the start of the decline of the large-scale Victorian logging practices, which were replaced by more modern techniques. Only a few remnants of the former system exist today. Logging continued in the new forms on the mountain for several more decades. In 1928, the United States Forest Service began reforesting the slopes of Larch Mountain, so that more lumber could be produced. A fire in 1936 marked the end of the timber business on the mountain. Causing around $100,000 of damage, it severely damaged the lumber mill, which was not rebuilt due to the depletion of the timber supply on the mountain.
Geology
Larch Mountain is the remnant of an ancient shield volcano, with broad slopes covering tens of square kilometers. It is currently the tallest peak in the Boring Lava Field, a volcanic field active during the Plio-Pleistocene time frame. Active between 1.8 and 1.4 million years ago, the volcano is composed mainly of basalts, although the summit at Sherrard Point is composed mainly of iron-rich andesite. Larch Mountain's basalt is tough to distinguish from the surrounding Columbia River Basalt, although the Columbia River Basalt is slightly lighter in color and less brittle. Sherrard Point is the eroded remains of the original volcanic plug.
Sherrard Point was exposed during the last glacial period, when the majority of the mountain's peak was destroyed by glaciers. The glaciers carved a large cirque into the mountain, forming a large lake. Over time, the lake was filled with sediment, and today the area is now a large meadow.
Biology
Larch Mountain contains some of the largest old-growth forest stands left in the Columbia River Gorge area, characterized by the presence of many nurse logs. Dominant tree species include pacific silver fir, grand fir, Douglas fir, and western hemlock.
Recreation
The Larch Mountain area contains multiple popular hiking trails. The Larch Mountain Trail #441 begins near the Columbia River at the Multnomah Falls Lodge and roughly follows Multnomah Creek, passing several waterfalls including the well-known Multnomah Falls, Weisendanger Falls, and Ecola Falls. The trail ends at the Larch Mountain parking lot, at a picnic area. The Sherrard Point Trail #443 leads from this area to Sherrard Point at the pinnacle. Sherrard Point offers an outstanding view of the nearby Cascade Range volcanoes Mount Hood, Mount Adams, Mount Jefferson, Mount Rainier, and Mount St. Helens. Elevation plaques are provided, showing the elevation of said volcanoes.
A loop around Larch Mountain itself is formed by the Larch Mountain Trail, the Multnomah Creek Way Trail #444, and the Oneonta Trail #424.
Gallery
See also
Larch Mountain (Clark County, Washington)
Larch Mountain (Washington County, Oregon)
References
Category:Cascade Range
Category:Cascade Volcanoes
Category:Volcanoes of Oregon
Category:Mountains of Oregon
Category:Columbia River Gorge
Category:Subduction volcanoes
Category:Extinct volcanoes
Category:Volcanoes of Multnomah County, Oregon
Category:Landforms of Multnomah County, Oregon
Category:Shield volcanoes of the United States
Category:Pleistocene volcanoes | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary
Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Shivalik foothills of Chandigarh city, near Sukhna Lake. It was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1998. Closed during rainy season. Pass is required to visit which is issued by Forest Department Office, Sec-19B, Chandigarh.
Area and location
The Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected wildlife sanctuary. It is just 2 kilometers from the Sukhna Lake. It has been spread over an area of 26 square kilometres ( 2600 hectares ) of forest land spanning the plains at the foot of the Shivalik Hills. The rain-fed catchment region of the Sukhna Lake partly falls in the area designated for the Wildlife Sanctuary.
History
History
The history of the Sukhna Lake and the Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary is intertwined. The Sukhna Lake was part of the development plans of the city of Chandigarh and was planned and built from 1958, through the sixties and seventies. It was an artificial lake that was fed with rain water from the catchment areas in the Shivalik Hills. Siltation was a big problem for the Sukhna Lake that had to be tackled and it was minimized by many engineering and soil conservation methods. A large scale afforestation program was taken up in the catchment area.
Flora and fauna
Although the Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary was formally declared as a protected wildlife sanctuary in March 1998 yet this semi hilly area was already under adequate forest cover. After 1998 more systematic and a large scale afforestation program was taken up in the catchment areas that resulted in a further better forest cover developed in the catchment area. The deep forest area that grew in size over five decades became the home to a large variety of animals and plants. This forest was then designated as a protected sanctuary; Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary has a rich variety of flora and fauna. It is known to have the most number of sambar found in a group or cluster than anywhere else in the country. It is home of a large number of birds and reptiles also which include jungle fowl, various sparrows.
The sanctuary contains various variety of trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses and climbers which include Acacia catechu (Khair), Acacia Arabica (Kikar), Dalbergia sisoo (Shisham), Anogeissus latifolia (Chhal), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Butea frondosa (Dhakk).
Gallery
References
External links
Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Chandigarh
Category:Protected areas established in 1998
Category:1998 establishments in India | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Etinosa Erevbenagie
Etinosa Erevbenagie (; born October 13, 1995), is a Nigerian-Greek professional basketball player, for Kavala of the Greek A2 Basket League. He played at the youth squads of Panathinaikos, before starting his pro career.
Early life
Erevbenagie was born in Lagos, Nigeria. He immigrated to Greece at a very young age and played with the youth squads of Panathinaikos, being a teammate with players such as Georgios Papagiannis, Vassilis Charalampopoulos and Georgios Diamantakos.
Professional career
After leaving Panathinaikos, Erevbenagie started his pro career with Kymis of the Greek B Basket League, being coached by Vassilis Bratsiakos. With Kymis, he won the promotion to the Greek A2 Basket League.
The nest season, he joined Bilbao Basket of the Liga ACB. During that year, he didn't appear in a single game with Bilbao and he was loaned to Ametx Zornotza during the season.
The following season, Erevbenagie returned to Greece and signed with Kavala of the Greek A2 Basket League. During the season, he was one of the best young players of the league, averaging 12.3 points, 3.5 rebounds and 3.5 assists per game.
References
External links
Real GM.com Profile
Euroleague Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Greek men's basketball players
Category:Greek people of Nigerian descent
Category:Guards (basketball)
Category:Kavala B.C. players
Category:Kymis B.C. players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Talkin' About You
Talkin' About You is an album by Nat Adderley's Quintet recorded in 1990 and originally released on the Landmark label.
Reception
The Penguin Guide to Jazz states "Astonishingly slow to get going (almost as if it were an unedited take of a live set) and marred by intonation problems with both horns, Talkin' About You develops into a storming session ... The rhythm section is faultless and the digital recording is of the highest quality". In his review for AllMusic, Richard S. Ginell stated "Nat is not the crisp, confident cornetist of old ... Altoist Vincent Herring has a more forceful presence on the front line, his raw, hard tone and rhythmic sense not resembling Cannonball's in the least, while Rob Bargad offers competent mainstream piano ... The veterans in the rhythm section are just fine – no frills, nothing fancy, qualities that defined Nat's music at the time". On All About Jazz Douglas Payne noted "No surprises occur, but it's one solid set that benefits from Nat's sterling work on cornet and highlights alto player Vincent Herring's frighteningly cloned Cannonball sound ... One can only hope the availability of Talkin' About You will encourage listeners to think twice about Nat Adderley's talents. He's left his own legacy and this set sums it up rather nicely."
Track listing
"Talkin' About You, Cannon" (Nat Adderley) – 8:52
"I Can't Give You Anything But Love" (Jimmy McHugh, Dorothy Fields) – 7:03
"Arriving Soon" (Eddie Vinson) – 7:19
"Plum Street" (Adderley) – 5:55
"Azule Serape" (Victor Feldman) – 9:21
"Ill Wind" (Harold Arlen, Ted Koehler) – 5:42
"Mo's Theme" (Rob Bargad) – 5:42
"Big "P"" (Jimmy Heath) – 7:22
Personnel
Nat Adderley – cornet
Vincent Herring – alto saxophone
Rob Bargad – piano
Walter Booker – bass
Jimmy Cobb – drums
References
Category:1991 albums
Category:Nat Adderley albums
Category:Landmark Records albums
Category:Albums produced by Orrin Keepnews | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Plumed Serpent (Grimm)
"Plumed Serpent" is the 14th episode of the supernatural drama television series Grimm of season 1, which premiered on March 9, 2012, on NBC. The episode was written by Alan DiFiore and Dan E. Fesman, and was directed by Steven DePaul.
Plot
Opening quote: "Said the dragon, 'Many knights have left their lives here, I shall soon have an end for you, too,' and he breathed fire out of seven jaws."
Two robbers are killed after breaking into a warehouse by a pyromaniac creature named Dämonfeuer. Nick (David Giuntoli) and Hank (Russell Hornsby) are called to investigate. They go to the warehouse after a witness identifies a suspect. Wu (Reggie Lee) is injured and Nick sees the pyromaniac turn into the creature.
The suspect is identified as Fred Eberhart (Don Alder), a homeless person who works as a welder. Nick discovers he has a daughter, Ariel (Danielle Panabaker) working in a nightclub and decides to go. There, he discovers she is a Dämonfeuer while the audience includes many Wesen. Monroe (Silas Weir Mitchell) is revealed to be in the nightclub and reveals to Nick that a Grimm was beheaded possibly by the Reapers and advises him to watch his back.
Suspecting Ariel, Nick follows her home. She attacks him and seduces him. When Juliette (Bitsie Tulloch) talks in the phone, Ariel states that Nick was cheating on her. Nick manages to convince Juliette it was an accident. Ariel then calls Nick for help and he and Hank go to her house to investigate. Her house is covered in wire and decide to leave when the lightnings strike the house. Nick arrives home and discovers that Ariel has kidnapped Juliette and is planning on helping saving her father.
Nick and Monroe go to a cave in the tunnels to save Juliette. Nick fights Fred while Monroe tries to rescue Juliette. When Fred is too strong, Nick is forced to kill him. Ariel then ignites a plume of gas which causes the tunnel to explode while Nick, Juliette and Monroe escape. Nick is now disturbed by the warning his aunt gave him about leaving Juliette for her own good while Ariel is revealed to be alive.
Reception
Viewers
The episode was viewed by 5.05 million people, earning a 1.5/4 in the 18-49 rating demographics on the Nielson ratings scale, ranking second on its timeslot and fourth for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind Blue Bloods, The Mentalist, and Undercover Boss. This was a 5% increase in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 5.30 from an 1.6/5 in the 18-49 demographics. This means that 1.5 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 4 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it.
Critical reviews
"Plumed Serpent" received positive reviews. The A.V. Club's Kevin McFarland gave the episode a "B-" grade and wrote, "In all fairness, I'm surprised that Grimm made it all the way through thirteen episodes without having someone kidnap Juliette and forcing Nick to save her. The prince saving kidnapped princess storyline was an obvious one in light of the fairy tale genre, but even in a universe that accepted any and all types of creature, dragons are a tough one to weave in. As Grimm went to commercial with about fifteen minutes left, I predicted that Nick would set off for Juliette with Eddie in tow, and that Eddie would bring up just how classical the setup had become, and lo and behold, that’s exactly what happened. Eddie has a few nice quips about Nick being the Prince, dragons kidnapping his princess, and needing to slay said dragon and rescue Juliette in order to fulfill some classical honorific story."
Nick McHatton from TV Fanatic, gave a 4.4 star rating out of 5, stating: "'Plumed Serpent' was easily one of the most imaginative episodes of Grimm yet. We all give Once Upon A Time a lot of credit for bringing fairy tales and Disney to life, but Grimm should be given its fair share, as well, for delivering its own unique style and spin on things. How the show is shot, and finding the whimsical in and around Portland, can't be easy to do every week. And that's before they bring it all together as a modern day fairy tale. Plus, who doesn't like epic lairs? Those always get a little bit of extra credit from me. My biggest gripe with Grimm continues to be the lack of Eddie. It's hard to like Hank at all when there's a much better alternative out there for Nick. Honestly, did Hank serve any kind of useful purpose this week?"
References
External links
Category:Grimm (season 1) episodes
Category:2012 American television episodes | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Gevatron
The Gevatron (Hebrew: הגבעטרון) is an Israeli Kibbutz folk singers group. The band started off in the early days of the state of Israel and are active to this very day. They are considered a unique phenomenon in the Israeli folk songs scene, and in 2007 won the Israel Prize for Lifetime Achievement.
The band was founded in 1948 from the youth of Geva Kibbutz in the Jezreel Valley, in honor of the inauguration ceremony of the kibbutz basketball court, and to this very day it is still made up from Geva Kibbutz members and a number of members of the kibbutzim of Beit HaShita, Kfar HaHoresh, the communities of Moledet, Kfar Tavor and Timrat and the city of Afula, sing it voluntarily. The group members have their primary occupation outside the band, and the band is their secondary occupation. Members' age ranges between forty plus to seventy plus, and includes an electrician, teachers, a bakery owner, industrial workers, banquet hall manager, car mechanic and a nurse. Gevatron recorded many albums and held thousands of concerts in Israel and Jewish communities abroad, which won them success.
Albums
1961 Le'an Noshevet Haruach
1961 Shibolei Paz
1965 Male Cos Yain Adom
1965 Zemer shel Tiul
1971 Emek Sheli
1975 Shirei Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed
1976 Zemer Im Hagevatron
1978 Shirim Mehof El Hof
1978 Gvanim, Silver & Golden Record
1980 Shirim Yafim, Silver & Golden Record
1983 Lecol Adam Yesh Shir
1985 El Haderech, Golden Record
1987 Mikol Halev, Golden Record
1988 Ahar Katzir-Neomi Shemer Songs
1988 Shirim Leorech Haderech
1991 Shnot Yaldut
1992 Hemdat Haemek, Nahum Heyman Songs
1993 Emek Sheli
1994 Yam Tichoni
1994 Yam Hashibolim
1998 Shuv Yotze Hazemer
1998 Hamishim Shnot Zemer '48-'98
2000 Osef Hagevatron
1990 Rahok Rahok
2003 Lashir Im Hagevatron, Show in Tzavta
2007 Shirei Reshit Haderech, with Nahche
2008 Giva Ahat, Gevatron is 60 years old
External links
The Gevatron official website
References
Category:Israeli folk music groups
Category:Israel Prize for lifetime achievement & special contribution to society recipients
Category:Musical groups established in 1948 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Island View Beach
Island View Beach is located on the Eastern Cordova shore of the Saanich Peninsula, near Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
A real treasure for people who like quiet nature settings, with views of Mount Baker, and Islands of the Gulf Island National Park Reserve. (Sidney Spit-(Sidney Island) and D'Arcy Island)
Families and Nature Enthusiasts will enjoy walking the many meadow trails, to learn about the various plant and animal species. ( not all trails are accessible for persons who require hard flat surfaces). There is several kilometers of shoreline for walking, with excellent shorebird viewing, and millions of interesting rocks along the way.
Much of the southern part of the foreshore make up the public Island View Beach Regional Park. Long inhabited by the native [Coast Salish peoples], the Tsawout First Nation has a reservation fronting much of the northern end of the beach. The Tsawout have been living and gathering seafood from the ocean and well as gathering local medicinal plants, as part of the culture for thousands of years. The first known European visitors were James Douglas and first mate Scott M. Jenkin in the latter half of the 18th century. Located southwest of James Island, to locals it is known as the "Beach of Destiny". Located at Homathko and Puckle Road, public parking. There is a public campground (part of the regional park) which is open for the summer season from the Victoria Day long weekend in May to the Labour Day long weekend in September.
Visitors should be aware there is off leash dog restrictions from June 1 to September 15. Dogs should be kept on leash in beach and picnic areas and are not allowed to stay overnight. Island View Beach Regional Park ("I-View") is a BC Regional Park, therefore facilities are located for those who are in need of garbage cans and or washrooms. Island View Beach has a boat launch for access to Haro Strait and the Cordova Channel.
Visitors and Nature Photographers are treated in the spring and fall, to view migratory birds that stop here to rest and feed . Presently there is concern in conservation of the Beach, Sand Dune, and Salt Marsh that support a vast eco system, (endangered Species) within the Island View Beach area. An outdated park plan exists, which is presently under review, and will be updated to reflect conservation strategies.
The Island View Beach terrain consists of beach, dune, and marshland, that supports a wide range of local wild animal and plant species. Due to human activity over the last century this ecological area has placed local wild animal and plant species to possible risk, and endangerment.
Possible species at risk have been identified as:
Contorted Pod Evening Primrose,
Sand Verbena moth,
Common Night Hawk,
Bank Swallow,
Barn Swallow,
Marbled Murrelet,
Olive-sided Flycatcher,
Peregrine Falcon,
Horned Grebe,
Great Blue Heron,
Short-eared Owl,
Long-billed Curlew,
Western Grebe,
Ancient Murrelet,
Band-tailed Pigeon,
Georgia Basin Bog Spider,
Common Murre,
Brandt's Cormorant,
Brant,
Cackling Goose,
Long-tailed Duck,
California Gull,
Surf Scoter,
Red-necked Phalarope,
Purple Martin,
Yellow Sand-verbena,
Beach Bindweed,
American Glehnia,
Fleshy Jaumea,
Black Knotweed,
Double-crested Cormorant,
Snowy Owl,
Caspian Tern
References
External links
Island View Park
Saanichton Campground - Island View Beach RV/Tent Camp
BC Parks - Island View Beach Regional Park, Vancouver Island
Category:Beaches of British Columbia
Category:Saanich Peninsula
Category:Parks in British Columbia | {
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Tancred and Gismund
Tancred and Gismund (Gismond variant spelling) is an English Elizabethan play published in 1591. It is a revised version of Gismund of Salerne, a play that was written and produced for the queen in 1566 by the gentlemen of the Inner Temple. The earliest extant English play derived from an Italian novel, each act of the five acts was produced by a different author.
The play tells the story of a father, Tancred, whose widowed daughter, Gismund, returns home and begins a clandestine affair with one of her father's courtiers. He kills her lover and presents her with a gold cup containing his heart. She kills herself, and her father, stricken by grief and regret, does likewise, thereby extinguishing his kingly line.
The play has been seen as an admonition to Queen Elizabeth I to choose a husband so that she might bear an heir, based on suitability rather than love.
Characters
Tancred – King of Naples and Prince of Salerne
Gismund – widow, daughter of Tancred
Guiszard – County Palurin, Gismund's lover
Julio – Lord Chamberlain to Tancred
Lucrece – sister to Tancred
Renuchio – Captain of Tancred's guard
Cupid – God of love
Megaera – a fury
Chorus of four maidens
Guard
Two furies
Plot
Tancred gave his only daughter, Gismund, to a foreign prince in marriage. After the death of her husband she returns home to her father, who had missed her so much during her marriage that he is determined that she never again marry. She falls in love with the Guiszard, Count Palurin, one of her father's courtiers, and he with her. She is able to meet with her lover by means of a secret cave under her bedroom, passing him the time of their meetings by concealing a letter in a cane. She meets her lover in the vault one day and while she is out her father comes looking for her. Thinking she has taken a walk, he lies on her bed, covers his head with a curtain and falls asleep. The lovers return and Tancred wakes and witnesses her daughter give herself to Guiszard. Stunned, he says nothing but has Guiszard arrested and his heart cut out and placed in a golden cup, which is then delivered to Gismund. She fills the cup with tears and poison and drinks it. Too late, her father comes in. He grants her dying wish that she be entombed with her lover. Tancred fulfills his pledge and then kills himself as a warning to all hard-hearted fathers.
Sources
The main source of the play is "The Tale of Ghismonda and Guiscardo" from the first novella of Day Four of the Decameron. The tale was translated in William Painter's Palace of Pleasure (1566), but internal evidence indicates the authors worked from the original, and not Painter's translation. The play inspired at least five English tragedies by 1623, and in Elizabethan England was second only to Romeus and Juliet as a story of tragic love.
Date and text
The published play is a rewritten version of Gismund of Salerne, of which two manuscript copies survive, that was written and produced by five members of the Inner Temple for Queen Elizabeth. Each act was written by a different author, named respectively as Rod. Stafford, Hen. Noel, G. Al., Ch. Hatton, and Robert Wilmot. The play was revised in keeping with "the decorum of these daies" by recasting the original rhyming lines into blank verse.
Earlier critics dated the original play 1567-8 by taking Wilmot's prefatory reference to his fellow Inner Temple collaborators to "the loue that hath bin these 24 yeres betwixt vs" and working back from the publication date. Chambers dates the play earlier to Shrovetide, between 24 and 26 February 1566 from an allusion in the manuscript to its performance at Greenwich and matching that to Elizabeth's itinerary.
References
Bibliography
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.
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Category:English Renaissance plays
Category:Literary collaborations | {
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Longnes, Sarthe
Longnes is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays-de-la-Loire in north-western France.
The closest airport to Longnes is Angers Airport (53 km) slightly further afield are Tours Airport (88 km), Rennes Airport (123 km), or Nantes Airport (149 km).
See also
Communes of the Sarthe department
References
INSEE
Category:Communes of Sarthe | {
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Winanda Spoor
Winanda Spoor (born 27 January 1991) is a Dutch road cyclist, who currently rides for American amateur team Fast Chance p/b THTF. She participated at the 2012 UCI Road World Championships in the Women's team time trial for the team. She was one of the riders at left without a team when it folded just before the 2018 season, she rode for her club team for a few months before being picked up by at the end of May 2018.
Major results
2011
1st Knokke—Heist–Bredene
2014
1st Stage 4 Tour de Feminin-O cenu Českého Švýcarska
2017
1st Sprints classification Holland Ladies Tour
References
External links
Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dutch female cyclists
Category:People from Rijswijk
Category:Sportspeople from South Holland | {
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Koleśniki, Podlaskie Voivodeship
Koleśniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mońki, within Mońki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Mońki and north-west of the regional capital Białystok.
References
Category:Villages in Mońki County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Peoli
Peoli may refer to:
Cecil Peoli, at one time, the youngest professional aviator in the world
Isidoro Malmierca Peoli, former Cuban foreign minister and co-founder of the country's communist party
Peoli, Ohio, a town in Ohio, United States | {
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Amanda Duffy
Amanda Duffy may refer to:
Mandy Lee (singer), née Amanda Duffy
Amanda Duffy, Mrs. America
Amanda Duffy (soccer), managing director of operations for the National Women's Soccer League | {
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San Rafael Ranch
The San Rafael Ranch, formerly known as the Greene Ranch, is a historic cattle ranch located in the San Rafael Valley about a mile and a half north of Lochiel, Arizona, near the international border with Sonora, Mexico.
History
The land that is now the San Rafael Ranch was originally an old Mexican land grant called San Rafael de la Zanja, which was sold to the cattle baron Colin Cameron and a few of his partners in the 1880s. Cameron built a two-story house to live in soon after, but it burned to the ground Christmas Eve when it caught fire from a candle Christmas tree in 1899. A year later Cameron built a new three-story brick house, even larger and more luxurious than the original, although he lived in it for only a short time. After losing a legal battle to his neighbor over land rights in 1903, Cameron decided the ranch was not worth the trouble and sold it to his rival.Colonel William Cornell Greene, who owned the large copper mines to the southeast, in Cananea, Sonora. Colonel Greene acquired many properties over the years, including some 600,000 acres of ranch land on both sides of the international border. The San Rafael Ranch House became the headquarters for the Greene Cattle Company, which raised tens-of-thousands of hereford cattle that Collin Cameron brought from New York and horses to go with them. The Greene Cattle Company was so successful it even attracted the attention of Pancho Villa, who raided the San Rafael Ranch for horses on more than one occasion in the early 1910s.
Colonel Greene died in 1911 and the ranch was inherited by his daughter, Florence Sharp, and her husband. In the early 1950s, the ranch acquired national attention when it was selected as the filming location for the classic Western film "Oklahoma!", starring Gordon MacRae and Shirley Jones. Shortly thereafter, Florence Sharp and her family began the long process of having the ranch house and surrounding rangeland preserved for future generations. The ranching era finally came to an end in 1998, following the death of Florence Sharp and the sale of the ranch to The Nature Conservancy. In 1999 Arizona State Parks purchased 3,557 acres of the property, including the ranch house, for use as a Natural Area. Arizona State Parks also purchased a conservation easement on the remainder of the original ranch. The San Rafael Ranch includes 18,500 deeded acres and a grazing preference established in 1999 on the natural area held by Arizona State Parks. In 2008, the ranch headquarters was designated a National Historic District, but it is currently not open to the public.
Historic district
The historic district consists of the main ranch house and several ancillary buildings including a machine/blacksmith shop, two barns, corrals, and other structures used in livestock operations. The district is significant both for the French Colonial Revival style of the ranch house, unusual for a rural ranch in Arizona; and as an example of the ranching industry in Arizona from 1884 to 1957.
Gallery
See also
Hale Ranch
San Bernardino Ranch
Empire Ranch
Faraway Ranch Historic District
Brown Canyon Ranch
National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Cruz County, Arizona
References
Category:History of Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Category:Ranches on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Category:Buildings and structures in Santa Cruz County, Arizona
Category:1884 establishments in Arizona Territory
Category:Houses completed in 1900 | {
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Jinchengjiang District
Jinchengjiang () is a district and the seat of Hechi, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
Administrative divisions
Jinchengjiang District is divided into 1 subdistrict, 7 towns, and 4 townships:
The only subdistrict is Jinchengjiang Subdistrict (金城江街道)
Towns:
Dongjiang (东江镇), Liuxu (六圩镇), Liujia (六甲镇), Hechi Town (河池镇), Bagong (拔贡镇), Jiuxu (九圩镇), Wuxu (五圩镇)
Townships:
Baitu Township (白土乡), Celing Township (侧岭乡), Baoping Township (保平乡), Changlao Township (长老乡)
Transportation
Hechi Jinchengjiang Airport
Guizhou–Guangxi Railway
References
External links
Category:County-level divisions of Guangxi
Category:Hechi | {
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1994 CAF Super Cup
The 1994 CAF Super Cup was the second CAF Super Cup, an annual football match in Africa organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF), between the winners of the previous season's two CAF club competitions, the African Cup of Champions Clubs and the African Cup Winners' Cup.
The match took place on 16 January 1994, on neutral stadium at First National Bank Stadium in Johannesburg, South Africa, between Egyptian clubs Zamalek, the 1993 African Cup of Champions Clubs winner, and Al-Ahly, the 1993 African Cup Winners' Cup winner. In the first all-Egyptian CAF Super Cup.
Zamalek won the match 1–0 with the late goal from Ayman Mansour.
Teams
Match details
References
External links
http://www.angelfire.com/ak/EgyptianSports/ZamalekInAfrSuper.html#1994
http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.coupe.zamalek.al-ahly.107289.en.html
1994
Super
Category:1994–95 in Egyptian football
Category:Zamalek SC matches
Category:Al Ahly SC matches | {
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Austroasiatic languages
The Austroasiatic languages , also known as Mon–Khmer , are a large language family of Mainland Southeast Asia, also scattered throughout parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and southern China. There are around 117 million speakers of Austroasiatic languages. Of these languages, only Vietnamese, Khmer and Mon have a long-established recorded history and only Vietnamese and Khmer have official status as modern national languages (in Vietnam and Cambodia, respectively). The Mon language is a recognised indigenous language in Myanmar and Thailand. In Myanmar, the Wa language is the de facto official language of Wa State. Santali is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. The rest of the languages are spoken by minority groups and have no official status.
Ethnologue identifies 168 Austroasiatic languages. These form thirteen established families (plus perhaps Shompen, which is poorly attested, as a fourteenth), which have traditionally been grouped into two, as Mon–Khmer and Munda. However, one recent classification posits three groups (Munda, Nuclear Mon-Khmer and Khasi–Khmuic), while another has abandoned Mon–Khmer as a taxon altogether, making it synonymous with the larger family.
Austroasiatic languages have a disjunct distribution across Southeast Asia and parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal and East Asia, separated by regions where other languages are spoken. They appear to be the extant autochthonous languages of Southeast Asia (excluding the Andaman Islands), with the neighboring Indo-Aryan, Kra–Dai, Hmong-Mien, Dravidian, Austronesian, and Sino-Tibetan languages being the result of later migrations.
Etymology
The name Austroasiatic comes from a combination of the Latin words for "South" and "Asia", hence "South Asia".
Typology
Regarding word structure, Austroasiatic languages are well known for having an iambic "sesquisyllabic" pattern, with basic nouns and verbs consisting of an initial, unstressed, reduced minor syllable followed by a stressed, full syllable. This reduction of presyllables has led to a variety among modern languages of phonological shapes of the same original Proto-Austroasiatic prefixes, such as the causative prefix, ranging from CVC syllables to consonant clusters to single consonants. As for word formation, most Austroasiatic languages have a variety of derivational prefixes, many have infixes, but suffixes are almost completely non-existent in most branches except Munda, and a few specialized exceptions in other Austroasiatic branches.
The Austroasiatic languages are further characterized as having unusually large vowel inventories and employing some sort of register contrast, either between modal (normal) voice and breathy (lax) voice or between modal voice and creaky voice. Languages in the Pearic branch and some in the Vietic branch can have a three- or even four-way voicing contrast.
However, some Austroasiatic languages have lost the register contrast by evolving more diphthongs or in a few cases, such as Vietnamese, tonogenesis. Vietnamese has been so heavily influenced by Chinese that its original Austroasiatic phonological quality is obscured and now resembles that of South Chinese languages, whereas Khmer, which had more influence from Sanskrit, has retained a more typically Austroasiatic structure.
Proto-language
Much work has been done on the reconstruction of Proto-Mon–Khmer in Harry L. Shorto's Mon–Khmer Comparative Dictionary. Little work has been done on the Munda languages, which are not well documented. With their demotion from a primary branch, Proto-Mon–Khmer becomes synonymous with Proto-Austroasiatic.
Paul Sidwell (2005) reconstructs the consonant inventory of Proto-Mon–Khmer as follows:
This is identical to earlier reconstructions except for . is better preserved in the Katuic languages, which Sidwell has specialized in. Sidwell (2011) suggests that the likely homeland of Austroasiatic is the middle Mekong, in the area of the Bahnaric and Katuic languages (approximately where modern Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia come together), and that the family is not as old as frequently assumed, dating to perhaps 2000 BCE.
Peiros (2011) criticized Sidwell's theory heavily and calls it a bunch of contradictions. He show with his analysis that the homeland of Austroasiatic is somewhere near the Yangtze. He suggests the Sichuan Basin as likely homeland of proto-Austroasiatic before they migrated to other parts of central and southern China and than into Southeast Asia. He further suggests that the family must be as old as proto-Austronesian and proto-Sinotibetan or even older.
Georg van Driem (2011) proposes that the homeland of Austroasiatic is somewhere in southern China. He suggests that the region around the Pearl River (China) is the likely homeland of the Austroasiatic languages and people. He further suggests, based on genetic studies, that the migration of Kra–Dai people from Taiwan replaced the original Austroasiatic language but the effect on the people was only minor. Local Austroasiatic speakers adopted Kra-Dai languages and partially their culture.
The linguists Sagart (2011) and Bellwood (2013) support the theory of an origin of Austroasiatic along the Yangtze river in southern China.
A genetic and linguistic research in 2015 about ancient people in East Asia suggest an origin and homeland of Austroasiatic in today southern China or even further north.
Internal classification
Linguists traditionally recognize two primary divisions of Austroasiatic: the Mon–Khmer languages of Southeast Asia, Northeast India and the Nicobar Islands, and the Munda languages of East and Central India and parts of Bangladesh, parts of Nepal. However, no evidence for this classification has ever been published.
Each of the families that is written in boldface type below is accepted as a valid clade. By contrast, the relationships between these families within Austroasiatic are debated. In addition to the traditional classification, two recent proposals are given, neither of which accepts traditional "Mon–Khmer" as a valid unit. However, little of the data used for competing classifications has ever been published, and therefore cannot be evaluated by peer review.
In addition, there are suggestions that additional branches of Austroasiatic might be preserved in substrata of Acehnese in Sumatra (Diffloth), the Chamic languages of Vietnam, and the Land Dayak languages of Borneo (Adelaar 1995).
Diffloth (1974)
Diffloth's widely cited original classification, now abandoned by Diffloth himself, is used in Encyclopædia Britannica and—except for the breakup of Southern Mon–Khmer—in Ethnologue.
Munda
North Munda
Korku
Kherwarian
South Munda
Kharia–Juang
Koraput Munda
Mon–Khmer
Eastern Mon–Khmer
Khmer (Cambodian)
Pearic
Bahnaric
Katuic
Vietic (includes Vietnamese)
Northern Mon–Khmer
Khasi (Meghalaya, India)
Palaungic
Khmuic
Southern Mon–Khmer
Mon
Aslian (Malaya)
Nicobarese (Nicobar Islands)
Peiros (2004)
Peiros is a lexicostatistic classification, based on percentages of shared vocabulary. This means that languages can appear to be more distantly related than they actually are due to language contact. Indeed, when Sidwell (2009) replicated Peiros's study with languages known well enough to account for loans, he did not find the internal (branching) structure below.
Nicobarese
Munda–Khmer
Munda
Mon–Khmer
Khasi
Nuclear Mon–Khmer
Mangic (Mang + Palyu) (perhaps in Northern MK)
Vietic (perhaps in Northern MK)
Northern Mon–Khmer
Palaungic
Khmuic
Central Mon–Khmer
Khmer dialects
Pearic
Asli-Bahnaric
Aslian
Mon–Bahnaric
Monic
Katu–Bahnaric
Katuic
Bahnaric
Diffloth (2005)
Diffloth compares reconstructions of various clades, and attempts to classify them based on shared innovations, though like other classifications the evidence has not been published. As a schematic, we have:
Or in more detail,
Munda languages (India)
Koraput: 7 languages
Core Munda languages
Kharian–Juang: 2 languages
North Munda languages
Korku
Kherwarian: 12 languages
Khasi–Khmuic languages (Northern Mon–Khmer)
Khasian: 3 languages of north eastern India and adjacent region of Bangladesh
Palaungo-Khmuic languages
Khmuic: 13 languages of Laos and Thailand
Palaungo-Pakanic languages
Pakanic or Palyu: 4 or 5 languages of southern China and Vietnam
Palaungic: 21 languages of Burma, southern China, and Thailand
Nuclear Mon–Khmer languages
Khmero-Vietic languages (Eastern Mon–Khmer)
Vieto-Katuic languages ?
Vietic: 10 languages of Vietnam and Laos, including the Vietnamese language, which has the most speakers of any Austroasiatic language.
Katuic: 19 languages of Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand.
Khmero-Bahnaric languages
Bahnaric: 40 languages of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
Khmeric languages
The Khmer dialects of Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Pearic: 6 languages of Cambodia.
Nico-Monic languages (Southern Mon–Khmer)
Nicobarese: 6 languages of the Nicobar Islands, a territory of India.
Asli-Monic languages
Aslian: 19 languages of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand.
Monic: 2 languages, the Mon language of Burma and the Nyahkur language of Thailand.
This family tree is consistent with recent studies of migration of Y-Chromosomal haplogroup O2a1-M95. However, the dates obtained from by Zhivotovsky method DNA studies are several times older than that given by linguists. The route map of the people with haplogroup O2a1-M95, speaking this language can be seen in this link. Other geneticists criticise the Zhivotovsky method.
Sidwell (2009, 2011)
Paul Sidwell (2009), in a lexicostatistical comparison of 36 languages which are well known enough to exclude loan words, finds little evidence for internal branching, though he did find an area of increased contact between the Bahnaric and Katuic languages, such that languages of all branches apart from the geographically distant Munda and Nicobarese show greater similarity to Bahnaric and Katuic the closer they are to those branches, without any noticeable innovations common to Bahnaric and Katuic.
He therefore takes the conservative view that the thirteen branches of Austroasiatic should be treated as equidistant on current evidence. Sidwell & Blench (2011) discuss this proposal in more detail, and note that there is good evidence for a Khasi–Palaungic node, which could also possibly be closely related to Khmuic.
If this would the case, Sidwell & Blench suggest that Khasic may have been an early offshoot of Palaungic that had spread westward. Sidwell & Blench (2011) suggest Shompen as an additional branch, and believe that a Vieto-Katuic connection is worth investigating. In general, however, the family is thought to have diversified too quickly for a deeply nested structure to have developed, since Proto-Austroasiatic speakers are believed by Sidwell to have radiated out from the central Mekong river valley relatively quickly.
Subsequently, Sidwell (2015a: 179) proposed that Nicobarese subgroups with Aslian, just as how Khasian and Palaungic subgroup with each other. A subsequent computational phylogenetic analysis of the Austroasiatic language family by Sidwell (2015b) suggests that Austroasiatic branches may have a loosely nested structure rather than a completely rake-like structure, with an east-west division (consisting of Munda, Khasic, Palaungic, and Khmuic forming a western group as opposed to all of the other branches) occurring possibly as early as 7,000 years before present.
Integrating computational phylogenetic linguistics with recent archaeological findings, Paul Sidwell (2015c) further expanded his Mekong riverine hypothesis by proposing that Austroasiatic had ultimately expanded into Indochina from the Lingnan area of southern China, with the subsequent Mekong riverine dispersal taking place after the initial arrival of Neolithic farmers from southern China.
Sidwell (2015c) tentatively suggests that Austroasiatic may have begun to split up 5,000 years B.P. during the Neolithic transition era of mainland Southeast Asia, with all the major branches of Austroasiatic formed by 4,000 B.P. Austroasiatic would have had two possible dispersal routes from the western periphery of the Pearl River watershed of Lingnan, which would have been either a coastal route down the coast of Vietnam, or downstream through the Mekong River via Yunnan. Both the reconstructed lexicon of Proto-Austroasiatic and the archaeological record clearly show that early Austroasiatic speakers around 4,000 B.P. cultivated rice and millet, kept livestock such as dogs, pigs, and chickens, and thrived mostly in estuarine rather than coastal environments.
At 4,500 B.P., this "Neolithic package" suddenly arrived in Indochina from the Lingnan area without cereal grains and displaced the earlier pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherer cultures, with grain husks found in northern Indochina by 4,100 B.P. and in southern Indochina by 3,800 B.P. However, Sidwell (2015c) found that iron is not reconstructable in Proto-Austroasiatic, since each Austroasiatic branch has different terms for iron that had been borrowed relatively lately from Tai, Chinese, Tibetan, Malay, and other languages.
During the Iron Age about 2,500 B.P., relatively young Austroasiatic branches in Indochina such as Vietic, Katuic, Pearic, and Khmer were formed, while the more internally diverse Bahnaric branch (dating to about 3,000 B.P.) underwent more extensive internal diversification. By the Iron Age, all of the Austroasiatic branches were more or less in their present-day locations, with most of the diversification within Austroasiatic taking place during the Iron Age.
Paul Sidwell (2018) considers the Austroasiatic language family to have rapidly diversified around 4,000 years B.P. during the arrival of rice agriculture in Indochina, but notes that the origin of Proto-Austroasiatic itself is older than that date. The lexicon of Proto-Austroasiatic can be divided into an early and late stratum. The early stratum consists of basic lexicon including body parts, animal names, natural features, and pronouns, while the names of cultural items (agriculture terms and words for cultural artifacts, which are reconstructable in Proto-Austroasiatic) form part of the later stratum.
Roger Blench (2017) suggests that vocabulary related to aquatic subsistence strategies (such as boats, waterways, river fauna, and fish capture techniques), can be reconstructed for Proto-Austroasiatic. Blench (2017) finds widespread Austroasiatic roots for 'river, valley', 'boat', 'fish', 'catfish sp.', 'eel', 'prawn', 'shrimp' (Central Austroasiatic), 'crab', 'tortoise', 'turtle', 'otter', 'crocodile', 'heron, fishing bird', and 'fish trap'. Archaeological evidence for the presence of agriculture in northern Indochina (northern Vietnam, Laos, and other nearby areas) dates back to only about 4,000 years B.P. (2,000 B.C.), with agriculture ultimately being introduced from further up to the north in the Yangtze valley where it has been dated to 6,000 B.P.
Hence, this points to a relatively late riverine dispersal of Austroasiatic as compared to Sino-Tibetan, whose speakers had a distinct non-riverine culture. In addition to living an aquatic-based lifestyle, early Austroasiatic speakers would have also had access to livestock, crops, and newer types of watercraft. As early Austroasiatic speakers dispersed rapidly via waterways, they would have encountered speakers of older language families who were already settled in the area, such as Sino-Tibetan.
Possible extinct branches
Roger Blench (2009) also proposes that there might have been other primary branches of Austroasiatic that are now extinct, based on substrate evidence in modern-day languages.
Pre-Chamic languages (the languages of coastal Vietnam prior to the Chamic migrations). Chamic has various Austroasiatic loanwords that cannot be clearly traced to existing Austroasiatic branches (Sidwell 2006, 2007). Larish (1999) also notes that Moklenic languages contain many Austroasiatic loanwords, some of which are similar to the ones found in Chamic.
Acehnese substratum (Sidwell 2006). Acehnese has many basic words that are of Austroasiatic origin, suggesting that either Austronesian speakers have absorbed earlier Austroasiatic residents in northern Sumatra, or that words might have been borrowed from Austroasiatic languages in southern Vietnam – or perhaps a combination of both. Sidwell (2006) argues that Acehnese and Chamic had often borrowed Austroasiatic words independently of each other, while some Austroasiatic words can be traced back to Proto-Aceh-Chamic. Sidwell (2006) accepts that Acehnese and Chamic are related, but that they had separated from each other before Chamic had borrowed most of its Austroasiatic lexicon.
Bornean substrate languages (Blench 2010). Blench cites Austroasiatic-origin words in modern-day Bornean branches such as Land Dayak (Bidayuh, Dayak Bakatiq, etc.), Dusunic (Central Dusun, Visayan, etc.), Kayan, and Kenyah, noting especially resemblances with Aslian. As further evidence for his proposal, Blench also cites ethnographic evidence such as musical instruments in Borneo shared in common with Austroasiatic-speaking groups in mainland Southeast Asia. Adelaar (1995) has also noticed phonological and lexical similarities between Land Dayak and Aslian.
Lepcha substratum ("Rongic"). Many words of Austroasiatic origin have been noticed in Lepcha, suggesting a Sino-Tibetan superstrate laid over an Austroasiatic substrate. Blench (2013) calls this branch "Rongic" based on the Lepcha autonym Róng.
Other languages with proposed Austroasiatic substrata are:
Jiamao, based on evidence from the register system of Jiamao, a Hlai language (Thurgood 1992). Jiamao is known for its highly aberrant vocabulary in relation to other Hlai languages.
Kerinci: van Reijn (1974) notes that Kerinci, a Malayic language of central Sumatra, shares many phonological similarities with Austroasiatic languages, such as sesquisyllabic word structure and vowel inventory.
John Peterson (2017) suggests that "pre-Munda" languages may have once dominated the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain, and were then absorbed by Indo-Aryan languages at an early date as Indo-Aryan spread east. Peterson notes that eastern Indo-Aryan languages display many morphosyntactic features similar to those of Munda languages, while western Indo-Aryan languages do not.
Writing systems
Other than Latin-based alphabets, many Austroasiatic languages are written with the Khmer, Thai, Lao, and Burmese alphabets. Vietnamese divergently had an indigenous script based on Chinese logographic writing. This has since been supplanted by the Latin alphabet in the 20th century. The following are examples of past-used alphabets or current alphabets of Austroasiatic languages.
Chữ Nôm
Khmer alphabet
Khom script (used for a short period in the early 20th century for indigenous languages in Laos)
Mon script
Mundari Bani (Mundari alphabet)
Ol Chiki alphabet (Santali alphabet)
Pahawh Hmong was once used to write Khmu, under the name "Pahawh Khmu"
Sorang Sompeng alphabet (Sora alphabet)
Tai Le (Palaung, Blang)
Tai Tham (Blang)
Warang Citi (Ho alphabet)
External relations
Austric languages
Austroasiatic is an integral part of the controversial Austric hypothesis, which also includes the Austronesian languages, and in some proposals also the Kra–Dai languages and the Hmong–Mien languages.
Hmong-Mien
Several lexical resemblances are found between the Hmong-Mien and Austroasiatic language families (Ratliff 2010), some of which had earlier been proposed by Haudricourt (1951). This could imply a relation or early language contact along the Yangtze.
According to Cai (et al. 2011), Hmong–Mien is at least partially related to Austroasiatic but was heavily influenced by Sino-Tibetan, especially Tibeto-Burman languages.
Indo-Aryan languages
It is suggested that the Austroasiatic languages have some influence on Indo-Aryan languages including Sanskrit and middle Indo-Aryan languages. Indian linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterji pointed that a specific number of substantives in languages such as Hindi, Punjabi and Bengali were borrowed from Munda languages. Additionally, French linguist Jean Przyluski suggested a similarity between the tales from the Austroasiatic realm and the Indian mythological stories of Matsyagandha (from Mahabharata) and the Nāgas.
Austroasiatic migrations
Mitsuru Sakitani suggests that Haplogroup O1b1, which is common in Austroasiatic people and some other ethnic groups in southern China, and haplogroup O1b2, which is common in today Japanese, Koreans and some Manchu, are the carriers of Yangtze civilization (Baiyue). Another study suggests that the haplogroup O1b1 is the major Austroasiatic paternal lineage and O1b2 the “para-Austroasiatic” lineage of the Yayoi people.
Migration into India
According to Chaubey et al., "Austro-Asiatic speakers in India today are derived from dispersal from Southeast Asia, followed by extensive sex-specific admixture with local Indian populations." According to Riccio et al., the Munda people are likely descended from Austroasiatic migrants from Southeast Asia.
According to Zhang et al., Austroasiatic migrations from Southeast Asia into India took place after the last Glacial maximum, circa 10,000 years ago. Arunkumar et al. suggest Austroasiatic migrations from Southeast Asia occurred into Northeast India 5.2 ± 0.6 kya and into East India 4.3 ± 0.2 kya.
Notes
References
Sources
Adams, K. L. (1989). Systems of numeral classification in the Mon–Khmer, Nicobarese and Aslian subfamilies of Austroasiatic. Canberra, A.C.T., Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.
Alves, Mark J. (2015). Morphological functions among Mon-Khmer languages: beyond the basics. In N. J. Enfield & Bernard Comrie (eds.), Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia: the state of the art. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton, 531–557.
Bradley, David (2012). "Languages and Language Families in China", in Rint Sybesma (ed.), Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics.
Chakrabarti, Byomkes. (1994). A Comparative Study of Santali and Bengali.
Diffloth, Gérard. (2005). "The contribution of linguistic palaeontology and Austro-Asiatic". in Laurent Sagart, Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas, eds. The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics. 77–80. London: Routledge Curzon.
Filbeck, D. (1978). T'in: a historical study. Pacific linguistics, no. 49. Canberra: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.
Hemeling, K. (1907). Die Nanking Kuanhua. (German language)
Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
Peck, B. M., Comp. (1988). An Enumerative Bibliography of South Asian Language Dictionaries.
Peiros, Ilia. 1998. Comparative Linguistics in Southeast Asia. Pacific Linguistics Series C, No. 142. Canberra: Australian National University.
Shorto, Harry L. edited by Sidwell, Paul, Cooper, Doug and Bauer, Christian (2006). A Mon–Khmer comparative dictionary. Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics.
Shorto, H. L. Bibliographies of Mon–Khmer and Tai Linguistics. London oriental bibliographies, v. 2. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
Sidwell, Paul. (2005). "Proto-Katuic Phonology and the Sub-grouping of Mon–Khmer Languages". In Sidwell, ed., SEALSXV: papers from the 15th meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistic Society.
van Driem, George. (2007). Austroasiatic phylogeny and the Austroasiatic homeland in light of recent population genetic studies. Mon-Khmer Studies, 37, 1-14.
Zide, Norman H., and Milton E. Barker. (1966) Studies in Comparative Austroasiatic Linguistics, The Hague: Mouton (Indo-Iranian monographs, v. 5.).
Further reading
Mann, Noel, Wendy Smith and Eva Ujlakyova. 2009. Linguistic clusters of Mainland Southeast Asia: an overview of the language families. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
Sidwell, Paul. 2016. Bibliography of Austroasiatic linguistics and related resources.
External links
Swadesh lists for Austro-Asiatic languages (from Wiktionary's wikt:Appendix:Swadesh lists Swadesh-list appendix)
Austro-Asiatic at the Linguist List MultiTree Project (not functional as of 2014): Genealogical trees attributed to Sebeok 1942, Pinnow 1959, Diffloth 2005, and Matisoff 2006
Mon–Khmer.com: Lectures by Paul Sidwell
Mon–Khmer Languages Project at SEAlang
Munda Languages Project at SEAlang
http://projekt.ht.lu.se/rwaai RWAAI (Repository and Workspace for Austroasiatic Intangible Heritage)
http://hdl.handle.net/10050/00-0000-0000-0003-66A4-2@view RWAAI Digital Archive
http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/pangloss/languages/AA_Ferlus_en.php Michel Ferlus's recordings of Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic) languages (CNRS)
Category:Agglutinative languages
Category:Language families
Category:Sino-Austronesian languages | {
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Hypercane
A hypercane is a hypothetical class of extreme tropical cyclone that could form if ocean temperatures reached approximately , which is warmer than the warmest ocean temperature ever recorded. Such an increase could be caused by a large asteroid or comet impact, a large supervolcanic eruption, a large submarine flood basalt, or extensive global warming. There is some speculation that a series of hypercanes resulting from an impact by a large asteroid or comet contributed to the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs. The hypothesis was created by Kerry Emanuel of MIT, who also coined the term.
Description
In order to form a hypercane, according to Emanuel's hypothetical model, the ocean temperature would have to be at least 49 °C (120 °F). A critical difference between a hypercane and present-day hurricanes is that a hypercane would extend into the upper stratosphere, whereas present-day hurricanes extend into only the lower stratosphere.
Hypercanes would have wind speeds of over , potentially gusting to , and would also have a central pressure of less than , giving them an enormous lifespan of at least several weeks. For comparison, the largest and most intense storm on record was 1979's Typhoon Tip, with a wind speed of and central pressure of . Such a storm would be nearly eight times more powerful than Hurricane Patricia, the storm with the highest sustained wind speed recorded. However, it would be only around in size and lose strength quickly after venturing into colder waters.
The waters after a hypercane could remain hot enough for weeks, allowing more hypercanes to form. A hypercane's clouds would reach into the stratosphere. Such an intense storm would also damage the Earth's ozone layer, potentially having devastating consequences for life on Earth. Water molecules in the stratosphere would react with ozone to accelerate decay into O2 and reduce absorption of ultraviolet light.
Mechanism
A hurricane functions as a Carnot heat engine powered by the temperature difference between the sea and the uppermost layer of the troposphere. As air is drawn in towards the eye it acquires latent heat from evaporating sea-water, which is then released as sensible heat during the rise inside the eyewall and radiated away at the top of the storm system. The energy input is balanced by energy dissipation in a turbulent boundary layer close to the surface, which leads to an energy balance equilibrium.
However, in Emanuel's model, if the temperature difference between the sea and the top of the troposphere is too large, there is no solution to the equilibrium equation. As more air is drawn in, the released heat reduces the central pressure further, drawing in more heat in a runaway positive feedback. The actual limit to hypercane intensity depends on other energy dissipation factors that are uncertain: whether inflow ceases to be isothermal, whether shock waves would form in the outflow around the eye, or whether turbulent breakdown of the vortex happens.
See also
Global catastrophic risk
Saffir–Simpson scale
Tornado
Extraterrestrial cyclone
Great Red Spot
Great Dark Spot
References
Category:Tropical cyclone meteorology
Category:Weather hazards
Category:Doomsday scenarios
Category:Geological hazards
Category:Future problems
Category:Meteorological hypotheses | {
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Headless Horseman (film)
Headless Horseman is a film that aired on the Sci Fi Channel in October 27, 2007, based on the legend of the Headless Horseman. The movie takes the tack that the Washington Irving story was the "white-washed" version and the events in this horror film is the real story. It stars Richard Moll and Billy Aaron Brown and is directed by Anthony C. Ferrante.
Plot
After going through the woods on the way to a party, seven teenagers stumble upon a town called Wormwood Ridge. The townspeople are celebrating a Headless Horseman ceremony, which unbeknownst to the teenagers requires human heads from young people. The teens, with the help of a young tow-truck driver named Candy (who is initially on the town's side, but later feels guilty and decides to help the teens), attempt to escape the town before they are killed. By the end of the movie only Ava, Liam and Candy are still alive, all the others (Seth, Tiffany, Doc, Nash, and Lizzie) having been beheaded in several different ways.
Cast
Billy Aaron Brown as Liam
Rebecca Mozo as Ava
Elizabeth Prestel as Candy
Richard Moll as Kolchak Jefferson Stillwall
M. Steven Felty as Pa Rusk / Sgt. Mosby Rusk
Trish Coren as Lizzie
Brent Lydic as Nash
Joe Hartzler as Doc
Arianne Fraser as Tiffany
Elvin Dandel as Seth
Vasile Albinet as The Headless Horseman / Calvin Montgomery
External links
Category:2007 horror films
Category:2007 television films
Category:American films
Category:English-language films
Category:2007 films
Category:Films based on works by Washington Irving
Category:Works based on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Category:Films directed by Anthony C. Ferrante
Category:Syfy original films
Category:Horror television films
Category:American television films | {
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Upon the Double Murder of King Charles
"Upon the Double Murder of King Charles In Answer to a Libelous Rhyme made by V.P." is a 17th-century poem by Katherine Philips.
Historical occasion for the poem
This piece was written by Katherine Philips reportedly in response to "a Libelous Rhyme made by V.P." The "V.P." in question is Vavasor Powell (1617–70), a Noncomformist preacher, member of the Fifth Monarchists, and a writer.
The "rhyme" alluded to by Philips is his poem "Of The Late K. Charles of Blessed Memory".
The historical moment which spurred the creation of this piece was the regicide of King Charles I of England in 1649 and the reaction of the populace to his death, specifically the disrespect offered his body and memory by the Parliamentarians.
Katherine Philips' political situation
Katherine Philips is often associated with a class of poets termed Royalist or Cavalier denoting their political sympathy to the Royalist cause, those who supported the monarchy of King Charles I of England during the English Civil War and the following English Interregnum.
However, while Philips is often classified among these writers, throughout the English Civil War and the English Interregnum she generally kept a relatively neutral political tone in her writings. This is a result of her close relationships with both Royalists and Parliamentarians. On one hand, she was very close to her "Society of Friendship," a very tight knit group of Philips' friends which was composed of almost exclusively Royalist writers. However, her husband James Philips, was a prominent Parliamentarian. Following the Restoration in 1660, Philips turned more towards Royalist writing in hopes of improving her husband's political status.
"Upon the Double Murder of King Charles" is a more politically minded piece than many of her others from this time period; however, her political ambivalence is manifest in it still in her opening lines which explain that, "I think not on the state, nor am concerned/Which way soever that great helm is turned," and again later when she criticizes not only the Parliamentarians, or "ignoble enemies," but also the Royalists, King Charles's "unfaithful friends."
When it became apparent the poem may be published, and so embarrass her husband James Philips, Philips was forced to apologise. She did so in the form of another poem but whilst distancing herself from the views of her husband she reinforced her criticism of Powell.
Significance
This poem is significant in that through it Philips is entering the realm of British politics. She was one of the first women to do so through literature. In line 6 she speaks of breaking nature's laws, which is referring to her breaking the norms of woman's silence in things political. She suggests that the Parliamentarian's rejection and overthrow of Charles I is enough to justify her in breaching "nature's laws."
In line 17 she says that the heathen would sorrow at the fall of Charles I. She is implying that the heathen is more Christian than the Puritan Parliamentarian, for the Parliamentarians showed no such sorrow or remorse, but rather slandered and libeled the fallen king.
References
Category:17th-century poems
Category:Charles I of England | {
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1984 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming
The Wyoming United States House election for 1984 was held on November 6, 1984. Incumbent Representative Dick Cheney defeated Hugh B. McFadden, Jr. with 73.57% of the vote.
Democratic Primary
Results
References
Wyoming
1986
Category:1986 Wyoming elections | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Shady Alsuleiman
Shady Alsuleiman (born 1978 in Sydney, Australia) is a prominent Muslim Imam and scholar and the president of the Australian National Imams Council and the United Muslims of Australia. He is from a Palestinian family who migrated to Australia in the late 1960s. He initially obtained an Ijazah (licence) with Sanad (complete chain back to Muhammad) in complete and sound memorization of the Quran at Darul Uloom Al-Husainiah in Sindh, Pakistan.
Sheikh Shady Alsuleiman has been recognized as one of the 500 most influential Muslims around the world alongside prominent Muslim leaders and presidents of major Muslim countries by an independent study conducted by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre.
Background
He has travelled to the Arab world for a six years to continue his Islamic and Arabic studies at numerous Islamic institutions with many well-recognised scholars, primarily in Damascus. In Syria, he studied various Islamic subjects and modules, from Fiqh, Usool Al-Fiqh, Hadith, Mustalah al-hadith, Quranic Science and Tafseer and Arabic studies. He generally focused on and specialised in Arabic and Comparative Fiqh (Islamic Law/Jurisprudence) and received numerous Ijaza's in that field.
Alsuleiman arrived back to Sydney in early 2001, where he began to be heavily active and involved with the Muslim youth and the second Muslim generation in Australia. He is the founder of one of Australia's largest youth centres known as the UMA in Sydney, and also the founder of Sydney Islamic College that delivers Islamic studies to adults. He also held the position of the secretary of the Australian National Imams Council (ANIC) from 2006 to 2015. and re-elected as the president in 2019.
He operates from various mosques in Australia, and travels to numerous interstate and overseas countries in which he delivers lectures and participates in many different Islamic conferences and events around the world.
Alsuleiman has been described as "controversial" by Fairfax newspaper WAtoday. However, he has also been described as "moderate" by the Sydney Morning Herald, another Fairfax newspaper. He has been verbally attacked by British extremist Abu Haleema for some of his fatwas.
Alsuleiman established the organisation, United Muslims of Australia and in 2016 was elected as the president of Australian National Imams Council (ANIC).
In April 2018 Alsuleiman was banned from entering the Kingdom of Denmark to stop him from spreading his views there. He was the 14th addition to list of hate preachers which are barred from entering by the Ministry of Immigration and Integration.
Views
Homosexuality
In 2013, Alsuleiman spoke of the "evil actions" of homosexuality, saying, "Allah will send on them diseases they have never experienced before, What's the most common diseases these days, HIV, AIDS, that's so common, and there's no cure to it... These are evil actions that bring evil outcomes to our society."
Women
Alsuleiman has signed a Muslim community letter condemning “all forms of intimidation and abuse targeting women” He has said in online videos that females will be ‘hung by their breasts in hell’ and that adulterers should be stoned to death and pre-marital sex should be severely punished. "Remember that if there is an Islamic state the punishment of zina (sex outside marriage), the punishment of those who commit zina, if they have never been married before, they will be lashed 100 lashes. If they are married while they committed zina, or previously been married and divorced, and they committed zina, then their punishment is stoning to death. Alsuleiman is referring to the punishment Saudi Arabia condemns on women who have committed adultery, which is found in their Sharia Law, supposedly coming down from their Prophet Muhammad. "
Marriage
Alsuleiman has said that women must obey their husbands to enter paradise, with men having the right to demand sex from their wives.
Controversies
In February 2009, a Fairfax journalist was ejected from the Lakemba Mosque during an event, during which, Fairfax later reported that Anwar al-Awlaki spoke via phone link. The director of the mosque told Fairfax journalists that Alsuleiman was in charge of organising evening youth events at the time of the sermon.
In 2014 Alsuleiman spoke at Park View Academy, a Birmingham UK secondary school claimed to be at the centre of Operation Trojan Horse. Alsuleiman told the pupils, "Give victory to Muslims in Afghanistan… Give victory to all the Mujahideen all over the world. Oh Allah, prepare us for the jihad". A subsequent Department for Education, Education Funding Agency (EFA) report said that there was a breach of standards at the school which had allowed, "Sheikh Shady Al-Suleiman, known to extol extremist views (e.g. stoning of adulterers), to address the students". A newspaper report said Asuleiman had only talked about "time management".
In June 2016, Alsuleiman participated in an Iftar dinner at Kirribilli House hosted by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister said he would not have invited Alsuleiman had he known of his position regarding homosexuals. Alsuleiman Said he did not hold radical anti-gay views. Australia's Grand Mufti, Ibrahim Abu Mohamed has repudiated Malcolm Turnbull's position on this issue, saying Islam has a, "longstanding" position on homosexuality" which "no person can ever change". He said that any attempt to call out its teachings could lead to radicalisation.
See also
Australian National Imams Council
Homosexuality in Islam
Islam in Australia
Islamic organisations in Australia
Marriage in Islam
Women in Islam
References
External links
http://www.brudirect.com/index.php/200910218934/Local-News/talk-on-islam-in-australia.html
Category:Living people
Category:Palestinian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
Category:Palestinian imams
Category:Australian people of Palestinian descent
Category:Australian imams
Category:Australian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
Category:1978 births
Category:Australian expatriates in Pakistan | {
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Guy Lewis (American football)
H. G. "Guy" Lewis was a college football player.
Sewanee
Lewis was a prominent end for the Sewanee Tigers football team of Sewanee: The University of the South. He was from Dallas, Texas.
1906
Dan McGugin mentioned him as one of the best ends in the South but preferred moving running back Frank Shipp to end for his All-Southern team.
1907
He was selected All-Southern in 1907 for one of Sewanee's greatest teams.
References
Category:Sportspeople from Dallas
Category:Sewanee Tigers football players
Category:American football ends
Category:All-Southern college football players
Category:Players of American football from Texas | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Fort Smith Trolley Museum
The Fort Smith Trolley Museum is a streetcar and railroad museum in Fort Smith, in the U.S. state of Arkansas, which includes an operating heritage streetcar line. The museum opened in 1985, and operation of its streetcar line began in 1991. Four vehicles in its collection, a streetcar and three steam locomotives, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The now approximately streetcar line also passes four NRHP-listed sites, including the Fort Smith National Historic Site, the Fort Smith National Cemetery, the West Garrison Avenue Historic District and the 1907 Atkinson-Williams Warehouse Building, which now houses the Fort Smith Museum of History.
History
The museum was established by the Fort Smith Streetcar Restoration Association (FSSRA), formed in 1979 to preserve and display transit history relating to Fort Smith. The first museum building was constructed in 1985, on former Missouri Pacific Railroad land, and purchases and donations of property in the 1990s allowed activities and storage to expand onto adjacent parcels. That the organization uses Streetcar in its name but named its museum a Trolley museum is a reflection of the fact that, in American English, the terms streetcar and trolley are used interchangeably. The Fort Smith Trolley Museum (FSTM) opened to the public in 1985, and trolley/streetcar operation began in 1991. FSSRA continues to be the museum's owner and operator.
Streetcar line
Streetcar operation at the museum was inaugurated on May 19, 1991, using ex-Fort Smith Light and Traction Company car 224, a Birney-type streetcar built in 1926 by the American Car Company. In the first seven months of operation, though the end of 1991 (in which five months had daily operation), more than 10,000 rides were given. The initial line was about one-quarter mile long, using ex-Frisco freight tracks, along which FSSRA volunteers had installed trolley wire and support poles. It connected the carbarn, at 100 S. 4th Street, with the Fort Smith National Historic Site.
The line has been extended several times since. The first extension was opened by the city's mayor on October 9, 1994, and took the line to the gates of the Fort Smith National Cemetery. This extension, from the line's east end, more than doubled the length of operational track, making it about . The trolley line carried almost 12,000 passengers in 1994.
At the line's west end, an extension of the track and wires to Garrison Avenue, the town's main street, opened on August 29, 1996. This short extension included a crossing of Rogers Avenue, and the city council funded the cost of the crossing installation, citing the line's value as a tourist attraction. This section passes behind the Fort Smith Museum of History, located in the NRHP-listed Atkinson-Williams Warehouse building. The first extension since 1996 was opened on November 24, 2002, starting with a curve just before the previous terminus at Garrison between 3rd and 4th streets and running along the south side of Garrison Avenue, to 2nd Street. This is within the West Garrison Avenue Historic District, which is also listed on the NRHP.
At the other end of the line, a very short extension in May 2005 took the track across Wheeler Avenue to a new terminus at 7th Street, making the line about in length. A much longer extension from there was planned, which would take the line north along 7th Street.
The line's first extension since 2005 opened on May 21, 2016, bringing into use newly laid track and trolley wire along 7th Street. The line's new eastern terminus is on 7th Street at Rogers Avenue, and the approximately 750-foot extension made the full line about long.
Schedule
Operation of the streetcar/trolley takes place year-round, running seven days a week from May 1 through October 31 and on weekends during all other months. Hours of operation are 10:00–5:00 on Saturdays and (when operating) weekdays, and 1:00–5:00 on Sundays. A wheelchair ramp was constructed at one stop in 1997.
Vehicles
Streetcars
As of 2016, the museum has two fully restored and operational streetcars: Fort Smith car 224, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 as Birney Safety Streetcar No. 224, and Hot Springs Street Railway Company car 50 (built in 1904 by the St. Louis Car Company), which operated in Hot Springs, Arkansas, until 1939. Car 50 entered service in May 2016, after 16 years of restoration work, but Birney car 224 remains the primary streetcar that the museum uses for normal service (because one-man operation is more practical with it). Several Birney cars such as 224 were in regular service on the original Fort Smith streetcar system for its last several years, through to the abandonment of the system, on November 15, 1933.
Although restoration work has been under way on other streetcars at the museum for several years, car 224 was the only operational car for the first 25 years of trolley operation at the museum – until car 50's restoration was completed in 2016.
Among the other streetcars in the collection are three more which, as with No. 224, operated in municipal service in Fort Smith:
Fort Smith Traction, Light and Power 10, built in 1902 (body only)
Fort Smith Light and Traction 205, Birney car built in 1919 (body only)
Fort Smith Light and Traction 221, Birney car built in 1926 (body only)
In addition, an open streetcar built by the J. G. Brill Company in 1907 was acquired from the Texas Transportation Museum (in San Antonio, Texas) in 1995. It is ex-Veracruz, Mexico, No. 6.
The Fort Smith and Veracruz cars are all single-truck cars, but in 1992 FSSRA acquired the body of Hot Springs Street Railway Company car 50 (St. Louis Car Company, 1904), a double-truck car which once operated in Hot Springs. The organization subsequently acquired trucks and motors for the car, and began working on restoring it to operating condition, a goal that was reached in 2016. Another Birney car in the collection is ex-Kansas City 1545, built in 1919.
Three additional streetcars were acquired in 2009: ex-Little Rock Birney cars 305 and 310, which FSSRA plans to combine into one operating car, and a second ex-Veracruz open car, No. 9. The latter is the same type as FSTM's car 6, a 1907 Brill car, which has yet to be restored to operating condition. The group now plans to restore car 9 to operating condition first, using some parts from car 6. Car 9 was acquired from the Lake Shore Electric museum group.
Locomotives
Of four locomotives owned by the museum and kept on public display, three are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP):
Frisco 4003, a USRA Light Mikado steam locomotive built in 1919 – donated to FSTM in 1998 and listed on the NRHP in 2004.
Maumelle Ordnance Works Locomotive 1, a Vulcan gasoline-mechanical, 35-ton switcher built in 1942 – donated to FSTM in 1988 and listed on the NRHP in 2006.
United States Air Force Locomotive No. 1246, a General Electric diesel-electric, 44-ton switcher built in 1953, which was listed on the NRHP on the same date as Locomotive No. 1 (shown above), September 20, 2006 (ref. no. 06000840). It was acquired by FSTM in 1992.
Also in the collection are three cabooses, a passenger car and various items of non-passenger railroad rolling stock.
Buses
As of 1997, the museum owned three vintage motor buses: A 1939 ex-Little Rock Twin Coach R-23, a 1954 Fort Smith General Motors TGH-3102 bus, and a 1951 ex-Oklahoma City GM bus. The original Fort Smith bus, No. 285, was used in the 1988 movie Biloxi Blues.
See also
Fort Smith Transit
Streetcars in North America
References
External links
Fort Smith Trolley Museum
Our Collection (Roster of Equipment), Fort Smith Trolley Museum
Category:Fort Smith, Arkansas
Category:Heritage railroads in Arkansas
Category:Heritage streetcar systems
Category:Museums in Sebastian County, Arkansas
Category:Railroad museums in Arkansas
Category:Streetcars in Arkansas
Category:Museums established in 1985
Category:Street railway museums in the United States | {
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Norfolk golden whistler
The Norfolk golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta), also known as the Norfolk Island whistler or Norfolk Island thickhead, and locally as the “tamey”, is a small bird in the whistler family, Pachycephalidae. It is a subspecies of the Australian golden whistler and endemic to Norfolk Island, an Australian territory in the Tasman Sea, between Australia and New Zealand.
Description
Males of the Norfolk Island subspecies differ from those of other subspecies in lacking the bright yellow, white and black markings and being similar to the females, though somewhat yellower. Relative to most other subspecies it is smaller, with a longer tail and heavier bill.
Distribution and habitat
The whistler is restricted to Norfolk Island, where it is largely confined to the Mt Pitt section of the Norfolk Island National Park and remnant wooded areas within 2 km of the park. It inhabits shrubby understorey in subtropical rainforest, palm forest and Norfolk Island pines, as well as in regenerating forest. It also visits gardens.
Status and conservation
After a period of decline during the 1960s and 1970s, the population of the Norfolk golden whistler was estimated in 2005 at 535 breeding pairs. Ongoing threats include habitat degradation and predation by black rats and feral cats. It is considered vulnerable because of the restricted size of the population and area of its distribution. Ongoing conservation management actions include control of rats and feral cats to minimise predation as well as control of invasive weeds to minimise habitat degradation. It is proposed to reintroduce the whistler to nearby Phillip Island when the regenerating habitat there is suitable.
Notes
References
Commonwealth of Australia. (2005). National Recovery Plan for the Norfolk Island Scarlet Robin, Petroica multicolor multicolor, and the Norfolk Island Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.
Garnett, Stephen T.; & Crowley, Gabriel M. (2000). The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000. Environment Australia: Canberra.
Higgins, P.J.; & Peter, J.M. (eds). (2003). Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes. Oxford University Press: Melbourne.
Schodde, R.; & Mason, I.J. (1999). The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.
Category:Birds of Norfolk Island
Category:Pachycephala
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Walter Kaskel
Carl John Walter Kaskel (February 2, 1882, Berlin - October 9, 1928, Berlin) was a German jurist. He studied legal science in Berlin, Munich and Freiburg im Breisgau.
Literary works
editor of the "Neue Zeitschrift für Arbeitsrecht", 1921-
editor of the "Monatsschrift für Arbeiter-und Angestelltenversicherung", 1913-
Grundriss des sozialen Rechts, 1912 (with Friedrich Sitzler)
Die rechtliche Natur des Arbeiterschutzes, 1914
Das neue Arbeitsrecht, 1920
Literature
Jürgen Nürnberger: Walter Kaskel : Leben und Werk 1882-1928. Ludwigshafen : JNV, 2008. [In progress].
External links
Kaskel, Carl John Walter - Berlin Lexikon at www.luise-berlin.de
Chronik: Berlin am 2. Februar, Fakten Jahr für Jahr at www.luise-berlin.de
Kaskel - new and used books at www.isbn.pl
Category:1882 births
Category:1928 deaths
Category:German jurists
Category:German Jews
Category:People from Berlin | {
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Landgravine Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg
Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg (Charlotte Dorothea Sophia; 17 June 1672 – 29 August 1738) was a Duchess of Saxe-Weimar by marriage to Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.
Life
Born in Kassel, she was the eldest of twelve children born from the second marriage of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg with Louise Elisabeth Kettler, Princess of Courland and Semigallia.
In Kassel on 4 November 1694 Charlotte married Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar as his second wife.
After her husband's death in 1707, she received as a Wittum (Dower land) the town of Hardisleben. Her main residence was the Yellow Castle (German: Gelbe Schloss) in Weimar, which was built during 1702-1704.
The guardianship of her only surviving child, Johann Ernest, was given to her brother-in-law William Ernest; however, Charlotte devotedly took care of her son during his illness and death aged 18, in 1715.
Charlotte died in Weimar aged 66. She was buried in the Fürstengruft, Weimar.
Issue
She had four children:
Charles Frederick (Weimar, 31 October 1695 – Weimar, 30 March 1696).
Johann Ernest (Weimar, 25 December 1696 – Frankfurt, 1 August 1715).
Marie Louise (Weimar, 18 December 1697 – Weimar, 29 December 1704).
Christiane Sophie (Weimar, 7 April 1700 – Weimar, 18 February 1701).
Notes
References
Karl Helmrich: Geschichte des Grossherzogthums Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach für Schule und Haus, p. 106. [retrieved 5 October 2014].
Johann Samuel Ersch: Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste in alphabetischer..., p. 260. [retrieved 5 October 2014].
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Charlotte
Charlotte
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Lee Carpenter
Lee Carpenter (born May 14, 1949) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who played in 211 games in the American Hockey League for the Tidewater Wings and Virginia Wings. Carpenter was drafted by the Detroit Red Wings in the 3rd round, 18th overall, of the 1966 NHL Amateur Draft.
See also
List of Detroit Red Wings draft picks
External links
Category:1949 births
Category:Living people
Category:Detroit Red Wings draft picks
Category:Hamilton Red Wings (OHA) players
Category:Fort Worth Wings players
Category:Virginia Wings players
Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario
Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Category:Sportspeople from Toronto | {
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Don Bosco, Buenos Aires
Don Bosco is a locality and a rail station, in the north-eastern of the Quilmes Partido (south of the Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina). Formerly called "Station of the 13th kilometer", takes its name from Don Bosco by the influence of the Salesians of Don Bosco and the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco congregations located in Bernal; the same neighbors sought the name change, which was issued on 4 November 1929. The demonym for residents is bosquenses.
Don Bosco stands surrounding the Railway General Roca. His station is the sixth from Constitution Station.
It is a mostly residential neighborhood, with a small commercial center near the station.
Population
Don Bosco has 20,876 inhabitants according to the last census. It is the locality with the fewest people in the Quilmes Partido, representing 4% of its population.
Gallery
References
Category:Quilmes Partido
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Turbinaria stellulata
Turbinaria stellulata, also known as disc coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Dendrophylliidae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific region. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "vulnerable".
Description
Turbinaria stellulata tends to be submassive with encrusting margins and does not produce vertical structures to any extent. The corallites are about in diameter and have thick walls. This coral is a zooxanthellate coral that houses symbiont dinoflagellates in its tissues. It is usually some shade of brown or green, but other colours sometimes occur, depending on which species of symbiont is present. Colonies are dome-shaped and grow to a diameter of about .
Distribution and habitat
Turbinaria stellulata occurs in the Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from the Red Sea and Madagascar to tropical Australia, southern Japan and the South China Sea. It occurs on upper reef slopes at depths from 2 to 15 metres (6 to 50 ft ), and unlike other corals in its genus Turbinaria, it seems to avoid turbid water.
Biology
As a zooxanthellate coral, Turbinaria stellulata gets part of its nutritional needs from the photosynthetic symbionts in its tissues, but also extends its polyps to feed, mostly at night. Colonies are either male or female and are broadcast spawners. All the colonies in an area liberate their eggs and sperm into the sea in a spawning event which is synchronised with the phases of the moon. The planula larvae that develop form part of the plankton and eventually settle in a suitable location on the seabed.
Status
In general, the threats that stony corals face include global climate change with the resulting rise in the temperature of sea water, ocean acidification, increased severity of storms which damage reefs, increased frequency of El Niño events, coral bleaching and the increasing incidence of coral diseases. The population trend of Turbinaria stellulata has not been monitored but as a shallow water coral it is affected by these factors. It has a wide range but is an uncommon species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "vulnerable".
References
Category:Dendrophylliidae
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Weapons of Happiness
Weapons of Happiness is a 1976 political play by Howard Brenton about a strike in a London crisp factory. The play makes use of a dramatic conceit whereby the Czech communist cabinet minister Josef Frank is imagined alive in the 1970s (in real-life he was hanged in 1952), and his hallucinations of life in Stalinist Czechoslovakia interweave with the main plot.
In an introduction to the play, Brenton wrote that he was "trying to write a kind of Jacobean play for our time, a 'British epic theatre'. Making only limited use of naturalism, the play features several long speeches; in the same introduction Brenton quotes Julie Covington, who appeared in the original production, as describing acting in it as being "like opening a furnace door - your time comes, you open the door and blaze, then shut it".
Stage history
The play was commissioned by the National Theatre as part of a policy of staging new plays by leading authors in the company's new South Bank home. At the time Brenton was a Marxist and seen as something of a polemicist, however in an interview with Theatre Quarterly from around the time the play was being written, he expressed dissatisfaction with fringe theatre - the context in which his plays had previously been seen - and a desire to reach the bigger audiences subsidised theatre companies would provide. Further, Brenton would disclaim to be a moralist in the play's programme.
Weapons of Happiness became the first commissioned play to be performed at the reopened National Theatre when it premièred on the Lyttelton stage on 14 July 1976. The cast included Geoffrey Bateman as Joseph Stalin, Nick Brimble, Julie Covington, Frank Finlay as Josef Frank, Bernard Gallagher, Michael Medwin, William Russell and Derek Thompson. It was designed by Hayden Griffin and directed by David Hare, a collaborator of Brenton's from Portable Theatre Company and co-writer with him of Brassneck and Pravda, itself staged at the National. Given the subject of the play it is ironic that its first production took place against the backdrop of the National Theatre itself was undergoing a good deal of difficulties with trade unions.
While the play drew in a younger, more radical audience to the National Theatre, Peter Hall the artistic director of the theatre noted in his diary that the stage crew (many of whom were political) did not care for it, and that he was disappointed by the newspaper reviews. However, Michael Coveney was enthusiastic, describing in The Financial Times, "highly charged scenes that speak directly about the quality of life in England today" and the production ran for 41 performances went on to win the Evening Standard Award for Best Play.
The play was sufficiently successful that after it opened Peter Hall asked Brenton for another, which would be the controversial The Romans in Britain.
Weapons of Happiness was revived at the Finborough Theatre in 2008. It received middling-to-good reviews, with the worst notices coming from the rightist The Times and The London Evening Standard.
Notes
Category:Evening Standard Award for Best Play winners
Category:British plays
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Historiography of World War II
The Historiography of World War II is the study of how historians portray the causes, conduct, and outcomes of World War II.
There are different perspectives on the causes of the war; the three most prominent are the Orthodox from the 1950s, Revisionist from the 1970s, and Post-Revisionism which offers the most contemporary perspective. The orthodox perspective arose during the aftermath of the war. The main historian noted for this perspective is Hugh Trevor-Roper. Orthodox historians argue that Hitler was a master planner who intentionally started World War II due to his strong beliefs on fascism, expansionism, and the supremacy of the German State. Revisionist historians argue that it was an ordinary war by world standards and that Hitler was an opportunist of the sort who commonly appears in world history; he merely took advantage of the opportunities given to him. This viewpoint became popular in the 1970s, especially in the revisionism of A. J. P. Taylor. Throughout the course of the war, orthodox historians argue as if the Axis powers were a sort of evil consuming the world with their powerful message and malignant ideology, while the Allied powers were trying to protect democracy and freedom. Post-revisionist historians of the causes, such as Alan Bullock, argue that the cause of the War was a matter of both the evil and the banal. Essentially Hitler was a strategist with clear aims and objectives, that would not have been achievable without taking advantage of the opportunities given to him. Each perspective of World War II offers an insightful analysis and allows us to expand our curiosity on the blame, conduct and causes of the war.
On the result of the war, historians in countries occupied by the Nazis developed strikingly similar interpretations celebrating a victory against great odds, with national liberation based on national unity. That unity is repeatedly described as the greatest source of future strength. Historians in common glorified the resistance movement (somewhat to the neglect of the invaders who actually overthrew the Nazis). There is great stress on heroes — including celebrities such as Charles de Gaulle, Winston Churchill and Josip Broz Tito — but also countless brave partisans and members of the resistance. Women rarely played a role in the celebrity or the histories, although since the 1990s, social historians have been piecing together the role of women on the home fronts. In recent years much scholarly attention has focused on how popular memories were constructed through selection, and how commemorations are held.
Historiographical viewpoints
Self esteem and glory
R.J. Bosworth argues the major powers have experienced intellectual conflict in interpreting their wartime stories. Some have ignored the central issues. Germany and, to a much lesser extent, Japan have experienced a collective self-analysis. But these two, as well as Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy, have largely ignored many roles and have looked instead for glory even when it was lacking.
Blame
Blame as the driving force during World War II, is a widely known orthodox perspective. Especially directly after World War II, Nazi Germany was held to blame for starting the war. Orthodox historians cited several reasons for this. Germany was the one who initially invaded Poland against the recommendation of the allies, and also attacked the Soviet Union. Also, the system of alliances between the Axis Powers was one that was only meant for war. The Tripartite Pact stated that if any country declared war on one of the Axis countries, the other two would also declare war on those countries. Another reason, historians saw, is that the policies of Hitler were overly aggressive; not only did Hitler preach war with France and the Soviet Union, but he followed a careful pre-made plan of expansionism. Additionally, the events that took place in unveiling of the war such as the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, Anschluss, and the German involvement during the Spanish Civil War, showed that Hitler was anticipating the possibility of war and intentionally gearing up for it.
Canada
Canada deployed trained historians to Canadian Military Headquarters in the United Kingdom during the war, and paid much attention to the chronicling of the conflict, not only in the words of the official historians of the Army Historical Section, but also through art and trained painters. The official history of the Canadian Army was undertaken after the war, with an interim draft published in 1948 and three volumes in the 1950s. This was in comparison to the First World War's official history, only 1 volume of which was completed by 1939, and the full text only released after a change in authors some 40 years after the fact. Official histories of the RCAF and RCN in the Second World War were also a long time coming, and the book Arms, Men and Government by Charles Stacey (one of the main contributors to the Army history) was published in the 1980s as an "official" history of the war policies of the Canadian government. The performance of Canadian forces in some battles have remained controversial, such as Hong Kong and Dieppe, and a variety of books have been written on them from various points of view. Serious historians - mainly scholars - emerged in the years after the Second World War, foremost Terry Copp (a scholar) and Denis Whitaker (a former soldier).
Taylor The Origins of the Second World War (1961)
In 1961, English historian A. J. P. Taylor published his most controversial book, The Origins of the Second World War, which earned him a reputation as a revisionist—that is, a historian who sharply changes which party was "guilty." The book had a quick, profound impact, upsetting many readers. Taylor argued against the standard thesis that the outbreak of the Second World War – by which Taylor specifically meant the war that broke out in September 1939 – was the result of an intentional plan on the part of guilty Adolf Hitler. He began his book with the statement that too many people have accepted uncritically what he called the "Nuremberg Thesis", that the Second World War was the result of criminal conspiracy by a small gang comprising Hitler and his associates. He regarded the "Nuremberg Thesis" as too convenient for too many people and claimed that it shielded the blame for the war from the leaders of other states, let the German people avoid any responsibility for the war and created a situation where West Germany was a respectable Cold War ally against the Soviets.
Taylor's thesis was that Hitler was not the demoniacal figure of popular imagination but in foreign affairs a normal German leader. Citing Fritz Fischer, he argued that the foreign policy of the Third Reich was the same as those of the Weimar Republic and the Second Reich. Moreover, in a partial break with his view of German history advocated in The Course of German History, he argued that Hitler was not just a normal German leader but also a normal Western leader. As a normal Western leader, Hitler was no better or worse than Stresemann, Chamberlain or Daladier. His argument was that Hitler wished to make Germany the strongest power in Europe but he did not want or plan war. The outbreak of war in 1939 was an unfortunate accident caused by mistakes on everyone's part.
Notably, Taylor portrayed Hitler as a grasping opportunist with no beliefs other than the pursuit of power and anti-Semitism. He argued that Hitler did not possess any sort of programme and his foreign policy was one of drift and seizing chances as they offered themselves. He did not even consider Hitler's anti-Semitism unique: he argued that millions of Germans were just as ferociously anti-Semitic as Hitler and there was no reason to single out Hitler for sharing the beliefs of millions of others.
Taylor argued that the basic problem with an interwar Europe was a flawed Treaty of Versailles that was sufficiently onerous to ensure that the overwhelming majority of Germans would always hate it, but insufficiently onerous in that it failed to destroy Germany's potential to be a Great Power once more. In this way, Taylor argued that the Versailles Treaty was destabilising, for sooner or later the innate power of Germany that the Allies had declined to destroy in 1918–1919 would inevitably reassert itself against the Versailles Treaty and the international system established by Versailles that the Germans regarded as unjust and thus had no interest in preserving. Though Taylor argued that the Second World War was not inevitable and that the Versailles Treaty was nowhere near as harsh as contemporaries like John Maynard Keynes believed, what he regarded as a flawed peace settlement made the war more likely than not.
Battle of France, 1940
The German victory over French and British forces in the Battle of France was one of the most unexpected and astonishing events of the 20th century and has generated a large popular and scholarly literature.
Observers in 1940 found the events unexpected and earth-shaking. Historian Martin Alexander notes that Belgium and the Netherlands fell to the German army in a matter of days and the British were soon driven back to their home islands:
But it was France's downfall that stunned the watching world. The shock was all the greater because the trauma was not limited to a catastrophic and deeply embarrassing defeat of her military forces - it also involved the unleashing of a conservative political revolution that, on 10 July 1940, interred the Third Republic and replaced it with the authoritarian, collaborationist Etat Français of Vichy. All this was so deeply disorienting because France had been regarded as a great power....The collapse of France, however, was a different case (a 'strange defeat' as it was dubbed in the haunting phrase of the Sorbonne's great medieval historian and Resistance martyr, Marc Bloch).
One of the most influential books on the war was written in summer 1940 by French historian Marc Bloch: L'Étrange Défaite ("Strange Defeat"). He raised most of the issues historians have debated since. He blamed France's leadership:
What drove our armies to disaster was the cumulative effect of a great number of different mistakes. One glaring characteristic is, however, common to all of them. Our leaders...were incapable of thinking in terms of a new war.
Guilt was widespread. Carole Fink argues that Bloch:
blamed the ruling class, the military and the politicians, the press and the teachers, for a flawed national policy and a weak defense against the Nazi menace, for betraying the real France and abandoning its children. Germany had won because its leaders had better understood the methods and psychology of modern combat.
Eastern Front
It is commonly said that history is written by the victors, but the exact opposite occurred in the chronicling of the Eastern Front, particularly in the West. Soviet secrecy and unwillingness to acknowledge events that might discredit the regime led to them revealing little information, always heavily edited, leaving western historians to rely almost totally on German sources. While still valuable sources, they tended to be self-serving; German generals, in particular, tried to distance themselves and the Heer as a whole away from the Nazi Party, while at the same time blaming them for their defeat (individuals supporting these arguments are commonly called part of the 'Hitler Lost Us The War' group). While this self-serving approach was noticed at the time, it was still generally accepted as the closest version of the truth. The end result was a commonly held picture of the Heer being the superior army, ground down by the vast numbers of the 'Bolshevik horde' and betrayed by the stupidity of Hitler. Not only did this ignore Hitler's talent as a military leader, an erratic talent that was sometimes brilliantly incisive and sometimes grossly in error, it also severely undervalued the remarkable transformation of the Soviet armed forces, especially the Red Army, from the timid, conservative force of 1941 to an effective war-winning organisation.
After the fall of the Berlin wall, Western historians were suddenly exposed to the vast number of Soviet records of the time. This has led to an explosion of the works on the subject, most notably by Richard Overy, David Glantz and Antony Beevor. These historians revealed the brutality of Stalin's regime, the recovery of the USSR and the Red Army in 1942 and the courage and abilities of the average Soviet soldier, relying heavily on Soviet archival material to do so.
Phillips Payson O'Brien argues that it is a fallacy that the war was won on the Eastern Front. He argues instead that it was won by the air-sea battle, which successfully immobilized the German and Japanese forces. They lost mobility, Were unable to move munitions from the factory to the battlefield, and ran out of fuel For the airplanes and ships. They Became highly vulnerable and were helpless.
War crimes of the Wehrmacht
At the Nuremberg Trials, the Schutzstaffel (SS) was declared a criminal organization, but the regular armed forces (Wehrmacht) were not. Although some high-ranking field marshals and generals were convicted of war crimes for issuing criminal orders, Nazi war crimes were mostly blamed on the SS-Totenkopfverbände (concentration camp guards) and the Einsatzgruppen (death squads), overlooking the participation of Wehrmacht soldiers in the Holocaust. More recent scholarship has challenged this view. An exhibition on the war crimes of the Wehrmacht sparked demonstrations.
Davies
Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory was written by the English historian Norman Davies, best known for his books on Poland. Davies argues although the war was over for 60 years that a number of misconceptions about the war are still common and then sets out to correct them. Two of his main claims are that contrary to popular belief in the West, the dominant part of the conflict took place in Eastern Europe between the two totalitarian systems of the century, communism and Nazism; and that Stalin's USSR was as bad as Hitler's Germany. The subtitle No Simple Victory does therefore not just refer to the losses and suffering the allies had to endure in order to defeat the enemy, but also the difficult moral choice the Western democracies had to make when allying themselves with one criminal regime in order to defeat another.
Holocaust denial
A field of pseudohistory has emerged which attempts to deny the existence of the Holocaust and the mass extermination of Jews in German-occupied Europe. The proponents of the belief, known as Holocaust deniers or "negationists", are usually associated with Neo-Nazism and their views are rejected by professional historians.
German-occupied Europe
The Nazis perfected the art of stealing, draining the local economies to the maximum or beyond, so that overall production fell.
In all occupied countries resistance movements sprang up. The Germans tried to infiltrate and suppress them, but after the war they emerged as political actors. The local Communists were especially active in promoting resistance movements, as was the British Special Operations Executive (SOE).
Common themes: heroic liberation from Nazis
Almost all national narratives of the Second World War—ranging from historiography in liberal democracies to that of Communist dictatorship, fit the same European pattern. The French-German historian Etienne Francois has identified the common themes, as paraphrased by Johan Östling:
Fundamental to them all...was the victory over Nazi Germany. In descriptions of the end of the war and the liberation, national unity was often stressed. This newly won liberty opened a door to the future and marked the beginning of a new, bright chapter in history. A common characteristic in most national narratives was the glorification of the resistance movement, while in countries that had been liberated by foreign troops, domestic efforts tended to be highly praised. In addition, the 'heroisation' of the war was another common denominator in the narratives – not only were charismatic victors such as Charles de Gaulle, Winston Churchill and Josip Broz Tito designated as heroes, but also brave partisans and members of the resistance.
Denmark
Beginning with the German occupation of Denmark in 1940 and lasting until 1943, the Danish government had a "Policy of Cooperation" (da) with Nazi Germany. This meant the Danish government tried to do a balancing act of officially cooperating with the Nazis, while at the same time also working against them and aiding the Danish resistance. Due to this cooperation, Adolf Hitler labeled Denmark as the "model protectorate". When the Policy of Cooperation collapsed in 1943, the resistance helped about 7,000 Jews (and about 500 non-Jewish spouses of Jews) escape across Øresund to neutral Sweden. This operation is known as the rescue of the Danish Jews, and was a great source of frustration for the Nazis.
Denmark has a large popular literature on the war years, which has helped shaped national identity and politics. Scholars have also been active but have much less influence on this topic. After the liberation two conflicting narratives emerged. A consensus narrative told how Danes were united in resistance. However, there was also a revisionist interpretation which paid attention to the resistance of most Danes, but presented Danish establishment as a collaborating enemy of Danish values. The revisionist version from the 1960s was successfully adopted by the political Left for two specific goals: to blemish the establishment now allied with the "imperialist" United States, and to argue against Danish membership in the European Community. From the 1980s, the Right started to use also used revisionism to attack asylum legislation. Finally around 2003, Liberal Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen started using it as his basic narrative of the war years (partly to legitimize his government's decision to join the war against Iraq in 2003). The occupation has thus played a central role in Danish political culture since 1945, although the role of professional scholars has been marginal.
France
Resistance
The heroism of the French Resistance has always been a favoured topic in France and Britain, with new books in English appearing regularly.
Vichy
After 1945 the French ignored or downplayed the role of the Marshal Petain puppet government. Since the late 20th century it has become a major research topic.
Collaboration
Collaboration with the Germans was long denied by the French, but since the late 20th century has generated a large literature.
Civilian conditions
The roles of civilians, forced labourers and POW's has a large literature.
There are numerous studies of women.
Alsace Lorraine
Germany integrated Alsace-Lorraine into its German Empire in 1871. France recovered it in 1918. Germany was again in occupation 1940-45. There was widespread material damage. The first wave of destruction in 1940 was inflicted by German forces, the second was caused by Allied bombers in 1944, and the final wave surrounded bitter fighting between German occupiers and American liberators in 1944-1945.
Netherlands
Dutch historiography of World War II focused on the government in exile, German repression, Dutch resistance, the Hunger Winter of 1944-45 and, above all, the Holocaust. The economy was largely neglected. The economy was robust in 1940-41 then deteriorated rapidly as exploitation produced low productivity, impoverishment and hunger.
Norway
The memory of the war seared Norwegians and shaped national policies.
Economic issues remain an important topic.
Poland
On August 1, 1944, the clandestine Polish Home Army, owing allegiance to the exiled government in London, initiated an uprising in Warsaw against the occupying Germans. There is a large literature in several languages. The Warsaw Rising Museum (WRM), opened in Warsaw in 2004 to commemorate it.
Polish Jews made up about half of Holocaust victims. There is a large literature on the Holocaust in Poland and its memory and memorials, and also the Jewish uprising in the Warsaw ghetto in 1943.
USSR
Popular behaviour has been explored in Byelorussia under the Germans, using oral history, letters of complaint, memoirs, and reports made by the Soviet secret police and by the Communist Party.
Women
References
Further reading
Ballinger, Pamela. "Impossible Returns, Enduring Legacies: Recent Historiography of Displacement and the Reconstruction of Europe after World War II." Contemporary European History 22#1 (2013): 127-138.
Bodnar, John. The 'Good War' in American History (2010)
Bosworth, R. J. B. "Nations Examine Their Past: A Comparative Analysis of the Historiography of the 'Long' Second World War." History Teacher 29.4 (1996): 499-523. in JSTOR
Bosworth, R. J. B. Explaining Auschwitz and Hiroshima: History Writing and the Second World War 1945-1990 (Routledge, 1994) online
Bucur, Maria. Heroes and victims: Remembering war in twentieth-century Romania (Indiana UP, 2009).
Chirot, Daniel, ed. Confronting Memories of World War II: European and Asian Legacies (U of Washington Press, 2014).
Cook, Tim. Clio's Warriors: Canadian Historians and the Writing of the World Wars (UBC Press, 2011).
Dreisziger, Nándor F., ed. Hungary in the Age of Total War (1938-1948) (East European Monographs, 1998).
Edele, Mark. "Toward a sociocultural history of the Soviet Second World War." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 15.4 (2014): 829-835.
Edwards, Sam. Allies in Memory: World War II and the Politics of Transatlantic Commemoration, c. 1941–2001 (Cambridge UP, 2015).
Eley, Geoff. "Finding the People's War: Film, British Collective Memories and World War II" American Historical Review 106#3 (2001), 818–38,
Evans, Martin and Kenn Lunn, eds. War and Memory in the 20th Century (1997).
Fujitani, T., Geoffrey M. White and Lisa Yoneyama, eds. Perilous Memories: The Asia-Pacific War(s) (2001)
Geyer, Michael, and Adam Tooze, eds. The Cambridge History of the Second World War: Volume 3, Total War: Economy, Society and Culture (2015) ch 23-27, pp 625–810.
Herf, Jeffrey. Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the Two Germanys (1997).
Horton, Todd A., and Kurt Clausen. "Extending the History Curriculum: Exploring World War II Victors, Vanquished, and Occupied Using European Film." History Teacher 48.2 (2015). online
Jager, S. M. and R. Mitter, eds. Ruptured Histories: War, Memory, and the Post-Cold War in Asia (2007).
Keshen, Jeffrey A. Saints, Sinners, and Soldiers: Canada's Second World War (UBC Press, 2007).
Killingray, David, and Richard Rathbone, eds. Africa and the Second World War (Springer, 1986).
Kivimäki, Ville. "Between defeat and victory: Finnish memory culture of the Second World War." Scandinavian Journal of History 37.4 (2012): 482-504.
Kochanski, Halik. The eagle unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War (Harvard UP, 2012).
Kohn, Richard H. "The Scholarship on World War II: Its Present Condition and Future Possibilities." Journal of Military History 55.3 (1991): 365.
Kushner, Tony. "Britain, America and the Holocaust: Past, Present and Future Historiographies." Holocaust Studies 18#2-3 (2012): 35-48.
Lagrou, Pieter. The Legacy of Nazi Occupation: Patriotic Memory and National Recovery in Western Europe, 1945-1965 (1999). focus on France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
Lebow, Richard Ned et al. eds. The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe (2006).
Lee, Loyd E. and Robin Higham, eds. World War II in Asia and the Pacific and the War's aftermath, with General Themes: A Handbook of Literature and Research (Greenwood Press, 1998) online
Lee, Loyd E. and Robin Higham, eds. World War II in Europe, Africa, and the Americas, with General Sources: A Handbook of Literature and Research (Greenwood Press, 1997) online
Maddox, Robert James. Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism (University of Missouri Press, 2007) online
Martel, Gordon ed. Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered (2nd ed. 2002) online
Mitter, Rana. "Old ghosts, new memories: China's changing war history in the era of post-Mao politics." Journal of Contemporary History (2003): 117-131. in JSTOR
Moeller, Robert G. War Stories: The Search for a Usable Past in the Federal Republic of Germany (2001).
Mosse, George L. Fallen Soldiers: Reshaping the Memory of the World Wars (1990).
Niven, Bill. ed. Germans as Victims: Remembering the Past in Contemporary Germany (2006)
Morgan, Philip. The fall of Mussolini: Italy, the Italians, and the second world war (Oxford UP, 2007).
Noakes, Lucy and Juliette Pattinson, eds. British Cultural Memory and the Second World War (2013)
O'Brien, Phillips Payson. How the War Was Won: Air-Sea Power and Allied Victory in World War II (2015). Excerpt.
Detailed review by Mark Harrison, "World War II: Won by American Planes and Ships, or by the Poor Bloody Russian Infantry?." Journal of Strategic Studies 39.4 (2016): 592-598. Online.
Östling, Johan. "Swedish Narratives of the Second World War: A European Perspective" Contemporary European History (2008), 17#2 pp 197–211.
Overy, Richard James. The Origins of the Second World War (Routledge, 2014).
Parrish, Michael. "Soviet Historiography of the Great Patriotic War 1970-1985: A Review." Soviet Studies in History 23.3 (1984)
Rasor, Eugene. The China-Burma-India Campaign, 1931-1945: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography (Greenwood Press, 1998) online
Rasor, Eugene. The Southwest Pacific Campaign, 1941-1945: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography (Greenwood Press, 1996) online
Reynolds, David. In Command of History: Churchill Fighting and Writing the Second World War (2004)
Rousso, Henri. The Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France Since 1944 (1991)
Schumacher, Daniel. "Asia's 'Boom'of Difficult Memories: Remembering World War Two Across East and Southeast Asia." History Compass 13.11 (2015): 560-577.
Shaffer, Robert. "G. Kurt Piehler, Sidney Pash, eds. The United States and the Second World War: New Perspectives on Diplomacy, War, and the Home Front (Fordham University Press, 2010).
Stenius, Henrik, Mirja Österberg, and Johan Östling, eds. Nordic Narratives of the Second World War: National Historiographies Revisited (2012).
Stone, Dan. Historiography of the Holocaust (2004) 573p.
Summerfield, Penny. Reconstructing women's wartime lives: discourse and subjectivity in oral histories of the Second World War (Manchester University Press, 1998); emphasis on Britain.
Thonfeld, Christoph. "Memories of former World War Two forced labourers-an international comparison." Oral History (2011): 33-48. in JSTOR
Weinberg, Gerhard L. A world at arms: A global history of World War II (Cambridge UP, 1995).
Weinberg, Gerhard L. "World War II scholarship, now and in the future." Journal of Military History 61.2 (1997): 335+.
Wolfgram, Mark A. Getting History Right": East and West German Collective Memories of the Holocaust and War (Bucknell University Press, 2010).
Wood, James S. "A Historical Debate of the 1960s: World War II Historiography‐The Origins of the War, AJP Taylor, and his Critics." Australian Journal of Politics & History 26.3 (1980): 403-410.
World War II
Category:Historiography of Germany
Category:The Holocaust in popular culture | {
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Sarv-e Jahan
Sarv-e Jahan (, also Romanized as Sarv-e Jahān and Sarvajahān; also known as Sarvandzhakhan) is a village in Sain Qaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Abhar County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 436, in 92 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Abhar County | {
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Úrvalsdeild karla Player of the Year
The Úrvalsdeild Karla Player of the Year is an award for the top-tier basketball league in Iceland, the men's Úrvalsdeild. It was first awarded in 1968, to Birgir Örn Birgis, and the first trophy was given by Dave Zinkoff of the Philadelphia 76ers. From 1979, the award has been given to both the domestic and foreign player of the year.
All-time award winners
The following is a list of the all-time Úrvalsdeild Players of the Year winners.
1968-1978
1979–present
References
External links
Icelandic Basketball Federation Official Website
Category:European basketball awards
Category:Most valuable player awards | {
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Vexillum fuscoapicatum
Vexillum fuscoapicatum is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.
Description
Distribution
References
fuscoapicatum
Category:Gastropods described in 1879 | {
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Battle of Diyala River
The Battle of Diyala River took place in 693 BC between the forces of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and the Elamites of southern Iran.
Assyrian expansion
From the 9th century BC onwards, the Assyrians had been expanding their domain from northern Mesopotamia into Judea and Babylon. After defeating the Babylonians in 689 BC, King Sennacherib sought to punish the Kingdom of Elam for its support towards Babylonia.
Battle
Prior to the battle, Sennacherib had sacked a number of Elamite settlements in 694 BC in an attempt to assert his authority over the region. Despite this, the Elamites, with their Chaldean allies from Babylon, managed to raise an army and met the Assyrian forces of Sennacherib in 693 BC at the Diyala River. According to the Assyrian account of the battle, the Elamites were heavily defeated. However, many historians believe that the Assyrians suffered heavy casualties since they failed to launch any invasions in 692 BC. In 647 BC, the Assyrians returned and this time destroyed the Kingdom of Elam.
References and further reading
Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat, by R.G. Grant. ()
Category:693 BC
Diyala River
Diyala River
Diyala River
Category:7th century BC in Assyria
Category:Sennacherib
pl:Bitwa pod Halule | {
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Mount Craig (North Carolina)
Mount Craig, , is the second highest peak of the Appalachian Mountains and second only to Mount Mitchell in eastern North America. It is located in the Black Mountains in Yancey County, North Carolina. The mountain lies about a mile (2 km) north of Mount Mitchell and is within Mount Mitchell State Park and the Pisgah National Forest.
Mount Craig was named in honor of Locke Craig, the governor of North Carolina from 1913 to 1917 responsible for establishing Mount Mitchell State Park in 1915 as the state's first, thereby protecting the area from excessive logging.
Trails
The mountain can easily be reached via an approximately 45-minute hike on the Deep Gap Trail from the picnic area below the summit of Mount Mitchell off N.C. Highway 128. The view atop Mount Craig embraces much of the southern portion of the Black Mountain Range. A North Carolina Geodetic Survey triangulation marker is located on the summit.
The Deep Gap Trail proceeds beyond Mount Craig to other North Carolina high peaks including Big Tom, Cattail Peak, Balsam Cone, Potato Knob and through Deep Gap to Winter Star Mountain, Gibbs Mountain and Celo Knob.
Elevation designation
Formerly the third highest point in mainland eastern North America, Mount Craig is currently designated by the USGS as the second. However, there is only a 4-foot (1.3 m) difference in elevation between it and 6,643-foot (2,025 m) Clingmans Dome, the highest point in the Great Smoky Mountains. Clingmans Dome's elevation is based on a conventional 1920 optical survey. Mount Craig's elevation was revised upwards in 1993 based upon satellite GPS to an accuracy of 4 inches (10 centimeters). Until Clingmans Dome can be remeasured by GPS, Mount Craig retains its designation as second highest.
See also
Mount Mitchell State Park
Mountain peaks of North America
Mountain peaks of the United States
List of mountains in North Carolina
References
Mount Mitchell State Park. Mount Craig: Credits. Retrieved Mar. 27, 2008.
Tarheel High Points. Mount Craig: Credits. Retrieved Mar. 27, 2008.
External links
Mount Mitchell State Park
Sherpa Guide to the Black Mountains
Craig
Craig
Category:Protected areas of Yancey County, North Carolina
Category:Landmarks in North Carolina
Category:Pisgah National Forest
Category:Landforms of Yancey County, North Carolina | {
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National Party of Kenya
The National Party of Kenya is a political party in Kenya. In the legislative elections of 27 December 2002, the party was a partner in the National Rainbow Coalition that won 56.1% of the popular vote and 125 out of 212 elected seats. The party itself took six of these seats. In the presidential elections of the same day, the party supported Mwai Kibaki, who won 62.2% and was elected.
The party was founded in 1992 . Its chairperson was Charity Ngilu.
External links
Official site National Rainbow Coalition
Category:Political parties in Kenya | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Jake Rademacher
Jake Rademacher (born March 26, 1975) is the director/producer of Brothers at War, the award-winning documentary about an American military family and the Iraq war. The film features his two brothers Isaac and Joseph Rademacher. Rademacher grew up in Decatur, Illinois. He is the eldest of five boys and two girls. Four of the boys are Eagle Scouts.
The film was distributed by Samuel Goldwyn Films and the production team includes producer Norman Powell and executive producers Gary Sinise and David Scantling.
Education
Jake Rademacher is a 1997 graduate of the University of Notre Dame.
References
External links
Department of Defense Review of Brothers at War
US Marine Corps Review of Brothers at War
Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:American film directors
Category:Eagle Scouts
Category:University of Notre Dame alumni
Category:Place of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Fernando Vicente
Fernando Vicente Fibla (; born 8 March 1977) is a professional tennis coach and a former player from Spain, who turned professional in 1996. He reached his career-high ATP ranking of world No. 29 in June 2000, winning three singles titles and reaching the quarterfinals of the 1998 Rome Masters and the 2000 Cincinnati Masters.
As of 2018, he is coaching Andrei Rublev and from 2010 to 2014 he worked with Marcel Granollers and Marc López.
Career finals
Singles: 6 (3–3)
Doubles: 6 (2–4)
Notes
References
External links
Vicente World Ranking History
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Baix Maestrat
Category:Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Andorra
Category:Spanish male tennis players
Category:Valencian sportspeople
Category:Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Category:Valencian tennis players
Category:Spanish tennis coaches
Category:Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Spain
Category:Mediterranean Games medalists in tennis
Category:Competitors at the 1997 Mediterranean Games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Viewers' Viewpoint
Viewers' Viewpoint was a British television series which aired 1947 to 1948 on the BBC. Consisting of five episodes, the series presented discussions on television programmes with critics and viewers. It was one of the earliest television programmes about television itself, along with U.S. series Eye Witness from the same period.
References
External links
Viewers' Viewpoint on IMDb
Category:1940s British television series
Category:1947 British television series debuts
Category:1948 British television series endings
Category:Lost BBC episodes
Category:BBC Television programmes
Category:Black-and-white British television programmes | {
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Novyye Tukmakly
Novyye Tukmakly () is a rural locality (a selo) in Kushnarenkovsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 197 as of 2010. There are 10 streets.
References
Category:Rural localities in Bashkortostan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Competition Authority (Ireland)
The Competition Authority (TCA) was responsible for enforcing Irish and European competition law in the Republic of Ireland and promoting competition in the economy. In 2014 it was amalgamated with the National Consumer Agency to form the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission.
Purpose and powers
Consumers were at the core of the Competition Authority's work. Its aim was to make sure that competition worked for the benefit of all consumers who bought products and services in Ireland. This included businesses, the State and its agents, as well as individuals.
It had the power to investigate if there was evidence that businesses were involved in anti-competitive practices, such as price-fixing, or that businesses were abusing a dominant position. It could also block mergers between businesses that would substantially reduce competition and harm consumers.
The Authority also had a very broad role to promote competition in the economy. They did this by calling for reform when Irish laws, regulations or actions by State bodies restrict competition. They advised Government and its agents on how proposed legislation or regulations could affect competition. This prevented future problems for consumers. This helped to give a voice to consumers when it came to public policy-making. They also promoted competition by telling public authorities and the public about the benefits of competition.
Operations
The Authority operated under the Competition Act 2002 and was funded via a grant from the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation.
The authority was divided into six divisions: Cartels, Monopolies, Advocacy, Mergers, Strategy and Corporate Services. The Authority was a collegiate body, consisting of four full-time members, who each headed one or more divisions, appointed following an open competition by the Public Appointments Service.
The former Members of the Authority were Chairperson Isolde Goggin and Members Stephen Calkins, Gerald FitzGerald and Patrick Kenny.
Amalgamation
In November 2008, the Government announced the amalgamation of the Competition Authority and the National Consumer Agency as part of a rationalisation of State agencies. On 31 March 2014 the Competition and Consumer Protection Bill was published. On 31 July Richard Bruton, TD, Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation announced that the legislation would commence and the new Competition and Consumer Protection Commission would be established on 31 October 2014.
The Competition and Consumer Protection Commission has a dual mandate to enforce competition and consumer law. Both organisations continued to perform their statutory functions until the merger was given effect on 31 October 2014.
The Competition and Consumer Protection Commission is currently governed by an executive Chair and Membership structure. The Competition and Consumer Protection Act, 2014 allows for a Chair and between two and six Members.
The former Chair of the Competition Authority, Isolde Goggin, was appointed Chairperson of the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission on taking up her former role in 2011. Ms Goggin is supported in her role by the Members of the new Commission which include the two former Members of the Competition Authority, Fergal O'Leary and Patrick Kenny, and the former Chief Executive of the National Consumer Agency, Karen O'Leary, all of whom were appointed Members-designate of the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission by the Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation upon taking up their current positions.
External links
http://www.ccpc.ie
Category:Government agencies of the Republic of Ireland
Category:Consumer organisations in Ireland
Category:Competition regulators
Category:Defunct government agencies of Ireland
Category:Regulation in Ireland | {
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Ekipa (Serbia)
Ekipa was a short-lived sports daily published in Belgrade, Serbia. Right from the first issue on April 18, 2005, it attempted to bite into the market held for decades by Sportski žurnal and Sport dailies.
The paper went about their goal by offering bold, often bordering on sensationalist, coverage of day-to-day sporting events, as well as wider on-going trends in sport.
The very first issue set the tone fittingly. It featured an in-your-face cover headline screaming "Shame", as teaser for an interview with Milorad Kosanović, former Serbia-Montenegro under-21 national team and Red Star Belgrade coach, in which he claimed the Serbia-Montenegro league is entirely rigged.
Initially, Ekipa turned a lot of heads, but soon found itself short-strapped for attention grabbing topics. It wasn't able to ride the initial wave of attention nor did it succeed in making a significant dent into the market still firmly held by two established sports dailies. At this point, the original group of owners sold the daily to Radisav Rodić (owner of Kurir and Glas javnosti).
In late October 2005, barely 6 months into its overall run, new owner Radisav Rodić pulled the plug on Ekipa, making the October 29th issue its last. Couple of days later, under the same ownership, new daily called Start was launched.
Category:Defunct newspapers of Serbia
Category:Sports newspapers
Category:Publications established in 2005
Category:Publications disestablished in 2005
Category:Media in Belgrade | {
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