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Janville-en-Beauce
Janville-en-Beauce is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France. It was established on 1 January 2019 by merger of the former communes of Janville (the seat), Allaines-Mervilliers and Le Puiset.
See also
Communes of the Eure-et-Loir department
References
Category:Communes of Eure-et-Loir | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Michael Blum (artist)
Michael Blum (born 1966 in Jerusalem) is an artist using a variety of media, ranging from photography and video to books, installations, objects, text, printed matter.
He studied history at Paris University, photography at Ecole Nationale de la Photographie, Arles, France, and later spent 2 years at Rijksakademie in Amsterdam. He's been developing works that aim at critically re-reading the production of culture and history. His work has been shown at numerous venues including the Centre Georges-Pompidou (Paris), the New Museum (New York), Transmediale (Berlin), Kunsthalle Vienna, the San Francisco Art Institute, the Baltic, Istanbul, Torino and Tirana Biennials.
The 1990s
Initially and under influence of the OuLiPo, his interest focused on language and classification systems : Choses à récupérer chez Milena à l’exception des meubles, de l’aspirateur et des rideaux, qui seront repris lors d’un déménagement ultérieur (1992), Blum's first video, is an exhaustion of all possible relations between word and object, after a found list of objects written by an unknown manic person.
C’est la vie (1996), a series of poetic obituaries based on French fin-de-siecle journalist and anarchist Felix Feneon, and recorded on almost extinct Super-8 stock, is both hilarious and tragic.
The Network (1994–97) was an attempt at connecting language, as a network of signs, to the whole of urban networks. It took shape as 78 interventions in public spaces throughout France, Germany and the UK. This unpublished work marked the last of Blum’s works to use the alphabet as structure and constraint.
Video travelogues
In the following years, Blum confronted his knowledge with personal situations in a global context, which resulted in the production of several travelogues. Wandering Marxwards (1998) was produced during the Long March. Trot, Trot, Mao, Meow residency at the Banff Center for the Arts, Banff, Canada. The project followed Einsenstein's failure to film Marx's Capital and considered the relevance of a re-reading of Marx 150 years after the Communist Manifesto had been written.
In The Language Course (2000), a collaboration with Carlos Amorales and NGO El Caracol in Mexico City, Blum learnt Spanish from former street kids they were working with.
In My Sneakers, Blum embarked on a journey to Indonesia to find out where his Nike sneakers came from. This project was produced in collaboration with Jakarta-based artists collective ruangrupa.
17 Aandbloem Street (2003) is a fascinating and ambiguous portrait of post -Apartheid South Africa, centered around a singular house in Cape Town, 10 years after the fall of the apartheid regime.
The Three Failures (2006), a sequel to Wandering Marxwards, was shot in three cities embodying the failure of the three major political ideologies of the 20th century (the past failure of communism in Riga, the current failure of social-democracy in Malmö, the upcoming failure of capitalism in New York). It features Blum dressed up as a whimsical explorer, half-boss and half-worker.
Ciao Ghatoul (2007) is a tongue-in-cheek video documenting a day in the life of an Israeli man who, upset with the constant meows of a neighbouring cat, decides to abduct it and deport it to the West Bank, beyond the «separation wall», a journey made difficult because of the Israeli occupation.
In 2010, he collaborated with Bosnian artist Damir Niksic on a touching tribute to silent film (and to the 1984 Sarajevo Olympics!).
The Psychics series should also be mentioned. In an attempt at collecting information "beyond the limitations of rational discourse", he hires a psychic to come over to his place and read the space. He videotapes the reading in one single shot. Completely experimental by nature, these videos range from amazing to boring, depending on the style, acting and charisma of the psychic. There are 8 chapters so far since 2003: Cape Town (private residence), Chicago (Austrian studio), Malmoe (Rooseum center for contemporary art), Amsterdam (De Appel center for contemporary art), New York (private residence), Vienna (private residence), Rotterdam (Fotomuseum) and New York (Sculpture Center).
Research-based projects
Parallel to the video works, he developed other projects, dealing with cultural memory, the re-interpretation of history, and engaging more critically with research. 400 Years Without A Grave Is A Long Time To Shut Up (commission by Amsterdams Fonds voor de kunst in 2002) consisted in providing Cornelius de Houtman, the Dutch 'discoverer' of Indonesia, with the grave he had been waiting for since 400 years, thus illuminating Holland's ambiguity towards its colonial past.
The Monument to the Birth of the 20th Century (OK Centrum Linz, 2004, published as a book in 2005 By Revolver) was a political speculation based on the common schooling of Hitler and Wittgenstein, steps away from the inviting art center.
At the 9th Istanbul biennial (2005), Blum presented A Tribute to Safiye Behar, a museum dedicated to a controversial lover of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, raising questions and eyebrows.
In 2006, Blum conducted another historical investigation on sensitive terrain: Lippmann, Rosenthal & Co (De Appel, Amsterdam, 2006) was the name of the Jewish bank established from 1859 to 1968 in what is now the De Appel art center building, and which stood at the center of the Nazi looting machine during WWII and the occupation of the Netherlands.
Cape Town - Stockholm (On Thembo Mjobo) (Mobile Art Production, Stockholm, 2007) is a book and radio-piece exploring the Swedish support to Southern Africa's liberation movements from the 1960s to the 1990s, which has more or less vanished from Swedish collective memory.
Exodus 2048, presented in 2008 at the Van Abbemuseum in Eindhoven (Becoming Dutch) and in 2009 at the New Museum in New York, was a staged camp for Israeli refugees after they will be expelled in 2048.
Publications
He also publishes books :
La salle des temps perdus, Le Grand Wazoo, Amiens, 1997.
Homo Œconomicus. Amsterdam, IDEA Books, 2000
potlach.doc. Amsterdam, RABK, 2002
Monument to the Birth of the 20th Century. Frankfurt am Main, Revolver Verlag, 2005
La Dernière Brève, Centre d'art la synagogue de Delme & Revolver Verlag, 2005
Cape Town-Stockholm. On Thembo Mjob. Lund, Sweden, Propexus, 2007
(in German) Mein Land. Ein Künstlerbuch zur europäischen Abschiebepraxis.. Unrast, Münster 2008
[http://galerie.uqam.ca/en/publication-2014/531-michael-blum-notre-histoire-our-history.html Notre histoire | Our History"]. Montreal, Galerie de l'UQAM, 2014
(in German) Oranienstraße. Ausgrabungen. Eine Vers-Chronik. Klak Verlag, Berlin 2019 Ici. (See below)
He was featured in CREAM 3. London, Phaidon Press, 2003
See also
Goethe Institute, Montréal: (In German, English, French): Buchpräsentation und Gespräch "A Man Digging - Un homme qui creuse - Oranienstraße, Ausgrabungen. Presentation Sonja Finck, Gatineau. February 2, 2020 Events
The Jew of Linz - a book by Kimberley Cornish on which the piece The Monument to the Birth of the 20th Century'' investigates.
External links
Artist's archive
Elena Crippa on Safiye Behar
Interview by Defne Ayas
The Amsterdam Weekly issue on his piece Lippmann, Rosenthal & Co.
Carrie Lambert-Beatty on Michael Blum, The Yes Men and para-fiction
Category:1966 births
Category:Living people
Category:Israeli artists
Category:Jewish Canadian artists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Chickie's & Pete's
Chickie’s & Pete’s is an American bar and restaurant business privately owned and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It started as a small privately owned neighborhood taproom in 1977, and created a brand name as a seafood crab house that expanded from a single location to multiple locations within the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. In 2011, ESPN voted Chickie's & Pete's the number one sports bar in North America.
History
Peter and Henrietta Ciarrocchi owned a deli, and in 1977, purchased a nearby small neighborhood taproom on Robbins Avenue, in the Mayfair section of northeast Philadelphia known as "Wally's". Peter made three changes by adding stools to the standing-only bar, lifting the “men only” rule, and naming the bar after himself and his wife, Henrietta, whom everyone called Chickie.
When Peter died in 1987, it was Chickie who encouraged Peter's son, Pete Junior, to run with his own business ideas, his spin on crab seasoned fries, and whatever else he wanted to try. In 1998 Pete expanded the business by purchasing a run-down vacant supermarket building near Veterans Stadium within the Sports Complex Special Services District in Packer Park, South Philadelphia, to build upon the sports bar concept by locating near Philadelphia's sport venues.
In February 2016, Herr Foods Inc. released Chickie's & Pete's Crabfries Seasoned Potato Chips.
Lawsuits
Chickie’s and Pete’s trademarked the phrase “crab fries” in 2007. The owner of the company, Pete Ciarrocchi, has been “passionate about defending that trademark.”
A federal lawsuit was filed in U.S. District Court in Philadelphia on Oct. 27, 2011, alleging that New York J & P Pizza in Westminster, Maryland was guilty of trademark infringement and unfair competition due to their use of the term "crab fries" on a 2007 online menu. A similar lawsuit was filed, also in 2011, against Crabby Fries in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina. Other restaurants, including Sidecar Bar & Grille in Philadelphia and another restaurant in Maryland, have voluntarily removed the offending terms rather than face a lawsuit.
Not every restaurant has agreed to discontinue their usage of this phrase. Crabby Fries is fighting the lawsuit threat by noting that they are 400 miles from Chickie's & Pete's primary market, and arguing that the terms 'crab' and 'fries' are too generic to be trademarked.
In August 2012, during an out of court settlement through a mediator, Crabby Fries agreed to take "crabby fries” off their menu, but will operate under the name Crabby Fries for an undisclosed amount of time.
In February 2014, Chickie's & Pete's agreed to pay $8.5 million to settle both a Labor Department investigation and a lawsuit brought by current and former employees alleging wage and labor law violations. Ciarrocchi said that he agreed to the massive settlement because "it was the right thing to do".
Locations
As of March 2019, Chickie & Petes had 19 Crab House and Sports Bar locations; multiple facilities at Lincoln Financial Field (home of the Eagles Football team) and other venues provide a total of 37 sales sites.
Xfinity Live!, located at Philadelphia's Sport Complex, announced in December 2011 the development of a new food court and additional restaurants that would include a Chickie & Petes.
Miscellaneous
Pete Jr. in 2011 became part-owner of the Philadelphia Soul arena football team.
References
External links
Category:Restaurants established in 1977
Category:Entertainment companies of the United States
Category:Companies based in Philadelphia
Category:Drinking establishments in Pennsylvania
Category:Restaurants in Philadelphia
Category:Restaurants in New Jersey
Category:Regional restaurant chains in the United States
Category:Video arcades
Category:1977 establishments in Pennsylvania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Baring Vostok Capital Partners
Baring Vostok Capital Partners is the largest independent private equity firm focused on investments in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Baring Vostok Private Equity Funds invest across a broad range of industries including oil and gas, consumer products, media and technology, telecommunications and financial services.
The Investment Advisor of the Funds, Baring Vostok Capital Partners (Guernsey) several times since 2005 has been voted “Russian Private Equity Firm of the Year” by the readers of Private Equity International and Private Equity Online. The sub-advisor of BVCP has a branch office in Moscow with a team of 40 experienced investment professionals.
From its founding in 1994 through 2004, the firm was a subsidiary of Baring Private Equity International (BPEP International) which was an affiliate of Barings Bank. In addition to Baring Vostok, the affiliates of BPEP International include Baring Private Equity Asia as well as Baring Private Equity Partners India, founded in 1984. BPEP International's Latin America affiliate is known as GP Investments, a leading private equity firm in Brazil. Collectively, the firms represent over $12 billion in capital commitments as of the end of 2014.
With offices in Moscow, the firm has raised over $3.7 billion across five investment funds. The firm’s name vostok is the Russian word for "east". Additionally, the Vostok spacecraft was the first manned spacecraft, operated by Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.
The firms founder Michael Calvey and five colleagues were arrested in February 2019 for allegedly defrauding Russian businessman Artem Avetisyan who is an associate of Putin and the FSB. Calvey maintains the charges are baseless, supported by a BBC investigation, and says the real reason for the arrest is Calvey was suing Avetisyan in a separate case in London, and winning, and Avetisyan used his connections with the FSB to have Calvey arrested in Russia. Avetisyan stands to gain 10s of millions if Calvey is convicted, and Calvey faces 10 years in the notorious Matrosskaya Tishina where Sergei Magnitsky mysteriously died.
Investments
Since inception, Baring Vostok has invested over $2.4 billion in 67 companies.
Baring Vostok founded by Michael Calvey is best known for its early stage investment in Russian search engine, Yandex, acquiring a 35.7% stake in the business in 2000. At the time of the Yandex IPO, Baring Vostok is estimated to have generated value of approximately $4 billion, representing a return on its original $5 million investment in excess of 800x. Among Baring Vostok's other investments are Volga Gas, Borjomi Mineral Water, Ozon.ru, Burren Energy, CTC Media, Centre of Financial Technologies, Enforta, ER-Telecom, 1C, Burren Energy, Novomet, Kaspi Bank, Orient Express Bank, Europlan, Novomet, Karo, Avito.ru, Tinkoff.ru, EMC and Golden Telecom,, Verticali.
History
Baring Vostok Capital Partners origins date back to 1994 with the formation of the First NIS Regional Fund. The fund was a joint venture between Baring Asset Management and Sovlink, a Russian-American merchant bank. Baring Bank’s ties to Russia traced back several centuries and Barings was the primary international bank for the Russian czars.
The First NIS Regional Fund was originally managed by a team of investment professionals from Barings and Sovlink including current Baring Vostok senior partner Michael Calvey. With $160 million of investor commitments, the fund ultimately returned $620 million to investors over the life of the fund. In 1997, Baring Vostok Capital Partners, became an affiliate of Baring’s BPEP International. Following the collapse of Barings Bank, the ownership of BPEP International was assumed by the Dutch bank ING Group.
In 2001, the firm completed fundraising for the Baring Vostok Private Equity Fund. With $205 million of investor commitments, Baring Vostok’s was the first foreign private equity fund raised in the aftermath of the 1998 Russian financial crisis.
In May 2004, BPEP International completed a management buyout from ING Group, which resulted in Baring Vostok's partners purchasing ownership of its management company. At the same time, the firm's affiliates in Asia, India and Latin America completed similar buyouts of their respective firms. These companies subsequently continued their affiliation although each firm retained full ownership of their respective businesses. Following the buyout of the management company, in 2005, the Baring Vostok Private Equity Fund III was raised with total committed capital of $413 million.
In February 2007, the firm completed fundraising for its fourth private equity fund. Baring Vostok raised $1.1 billion of investor commitments for its main fund Baring Vostok Private Equity Fund IV. Together with a parallel fund, Baring Vostok Fund IV Supplemental Fund, which raised over $300 million of capital, Baring Vostok's fourth fund was at the time the largest private equity fund in Eastern Europe.
In October 2012, the Baring Vostok Private Equity Fund LP V was raised with total committed capital of $1.15 billion, which was, at the time, the largest amount raised for a deal of this kind in Russia. Baring Vostok Fund V Supplemental Fund raised $350 million.
On 2 September 2019, the Commercial Court of the Amur Region, Russia, ordered the seizure of the 41.6% share of equity in Vostochny Bank controlled by Baring Vostok. The seizure was requested by Vostochny and, according to the court, it was necessary to prevent Baring Vostok selling shares in Vostochny before a court decision was reached in continuing litigation over alleged embezzlement by Baring Vostok executives.
References
External links
Baring Vostok Capital Partners (company website)
Category:Private equity firms of Russia
Category:Companies based in Moscow
Category:Financial services companies established in 1994
Category:Investment banking private equity groups | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Extravehicular activity
Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut or cosmonaut outside a spacecraft beyond the Earth's appreciable atmosphere. The term most commonly applies to a spacewalk made outside a craft orbiting Earth (such as the International Space Station). On March 18, 1965, Alexei Leonov became the first human to perform a spacewalk, exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for 12 minutes and 9 seconds. The term also applied to lunar surface exploration (commonly known as moonwalks) performed by six pairs of American astronauts in the Apollo program from 1969 to 1972. On July 21, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first human to perform a moonwalk, outside his lunar lander on Apollo 11 for 2 hours and 31 minutes. On the last three Moon missions astronauts also performed deep-space EVAs on the return to Earth, to retrieve film canisters from the outside of the spacecraft. Astronauts Pete Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, and Paul Weitz also used EVA in 1973 to repair launch damage to Skylab, the United States' first space station.
A "Stand-up" EVA (SEVA) is when an astronaut does not fully leave a spacecraft, but is completely reliant on the spacesuit for environmental support. Its name derives from the astronaut "standing up" in the open hatch, usually to record or assist a spacewalking astronaut.
EVAs may be either tethered (the astronaut is connected to the spacecraft; oxygen and electrical power can be supplied through an umbilical cable; no propulsion is needed to return to the spacecraft), or untethered. Untethered spacewalks were only performed on three missions in 1984 using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and on a flight test in 1994 of the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER), a safety device worn on tethered U.S. EVAs.
The Soviet Union/Russia, the United States, and China have conducted EVAs.
Development history
NASA planners invented the term extravehicular activity (abbreviated with the acronym EVA) in the early 1960s for the Apollo program to land men on the Moon, because the astronauts would leave the spacecraft to collect lunar material samples and deploy scientific experiments. To support this, and other Apollo objectives, the Gemini program was spun off to develop the capability for astronauts to work outside a two-man Earth orbiting spacecraft. However, the Soviet Union was fiercely competitive in holding the early lead it had gained in crewed spaceflight, so the Soviet Communist Party, led by Nikita Khrushchev, ordered the conversion of its single-pilot Vostok capsule into a two- or three-person craft named Voskhod, in order to compete with Gemini and Apollo. The Soviets were able to launch two Voskhod capsules before U.S. was able to launch its first crewed Gemini.
The Voskhod's avionics required cooling by cabin air to prevent overheating, therefore an airlock was required for the spacewalking cosmonaut to exit and re-enter the cabin while it remained pressurized. By contrast, the Gemini avionics did not require air cooling, allowing the spacewalking astronaut to exit and re-enter the depressurized cabin through an open hatch. Because of this, the American and Soviet space programs developed different definitions for the duration of an EVA. The Soviet (now Russian) definition begins when the outer airlock hatch is open and the cosmonaut is in vacuum. An American EVA began when the astronaut had at least his head outside the spacecraft. The USA has changed its EVA definition since.
First spacewalk
The first EVA was performed on March 18, 1965, by Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who spent 12 minutes and 9 seconds outside the Voskhod 2 spacecraft. Carrying a white metal backpack containing 45 minutes' worth of breathing and pressurization oxygen, Leonov had no means to control his motion other than pulling on his tether. After the flight, he claimed this was easy, but his space suit ballooned from its internal pressure against the vacuum of space, stiffening so much that he could not activate the shutter on his chest-mounted camera.
At the end of his space walk, the suit stiffening caused a more serious problem: Leonov had to re-enter the capsule through the inflatable cloth airlock, in diameter and long. He improperly entered the airlock head-first and got stuck sideways. He could not get back in without reducing the pressure in his suit, risking "the bends". This added another 12 minutes to his time in vacuum, and he was overheated by from the exertion. It would be almost four years before the Soviets tried another EVA. They misrepresented to the press how difficult Leonov found it to work in weightlessness and concealed the problems encountered until after the end of the Cold War.
Project Gemini
The first American spacewalk was performed on June 3, 1965, by Ed White from the second crewed Gemini flight, Gemini IV, for 21 minutes. White was tethered to the spacecraft, and his oxygen was supplied through a umbilical, which also carried communications and biomedical instrumentation. He was the first to control his motion in space with a Hand-Held Maneuvering Unit, which worked well but only carried enough propellant for 20 seconds. White found his tether useful for limiting his distance from the spacecraft but difficult to use for moving around, contrary to Leonov's claim. However, a defect in the capsule's hatch latching mechanism caused difficulties opening and closing the hatch, which delayed the start of the EVA and put White and his crewmate at risk of not getting back to Earth alive.
No EVAs were planned on the next three Gemini flights. The next EVA was planned to be made by David Scott on Gemini VIII, but that mission had to be aborted due to a critical spacecraft malfunction before the EVA could be conducted. Astronauts on the next three Gemini flights (Eugene Cernan, Michael Collins, and Richard Gordon), performed several EVAs, but none was able to successfully work for long periods outside the spacecraft without tiring and overheating. Cernan attempted but failed to test an Air Force Astronaut Maneuvering Unit which included a self-contained oxygen system.
On November 13, 1966, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin became the first to successfully work in space without tiring during Gemini XII, the last Gemini mission. Aldrin worked outside the spacecraft for 2 hours and 6 minutes, in addition to two stand-up EVAs in the spacecraft hatch for an additional 3 hours and 24 minutes. Aldrin's interest in scuba diving inspired the use of underwater EVA training to simulate weightlessness, which has been used ever since to allow astronauts to practice techniques of avoiding wasted muscle energy.
First EVA crew transfer
On January 16, 1969, Soviet cosmonauts Aleksei Yeliseyev and Yevgeny Khrunov transferred from Soyuz 5 to Soyuz 4, which were docked together. This was the second Soviet EVA, and it would be almost another nine years before the Soviets performed their third.
Apollo lunar EVA
American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin performed the first EVA on the lunar surface on July 21, 1969 (UTC), after landing their Apollo 11 Lunar Module spacecraft. This first Moon walk, using self-contained portable life support systems, lasted 2 hours and 36 minutes. A total of fifteen Moon walks were performed among six Apollo crews, including Charles "Pete" Conrad, Alan Bean, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, David Scott, James Irwin, John Young, Charles Duke, Eugene Cernan, and Harrison "Jack" Schmitt. Cernan was the last Apollo astronaut to step off the surface of the Moon.
Apollo 15 command module pilot Al Worden made an EVA on August 5, 1971, on the return trip from the Moon, to retrieve a film and data recording canister from the service module. He was assisted by Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin standing up in the Command Module hatch. This procedure was repeated by Ken Mattingly and Charles Duke on Apollo 16, and by Ronald Evans and Harrison Schmitt on Apollo 17.
Post-Apollo EVAs
The first EVA repairs of a spacecraft were made by Charles "Pete" Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, and Paul J. Weitz on May 26, June 7, and June 19, 1973, on the Skylab 2 mission. They rescued the functionality of the launch-damaged Skylab space station by freeing a stuck solar panel, deploying a solar heating shield, and freeing a stuck circuit breaker relay. The Skylab 2 crew made three EVAs, and a total of ten EVAs were made by the three Skylab crews. They found that activities in weightlessness required about 2 times longer than on Earth because many astronauts suffered spacesickness early in their flights.
After Skylab, no more EVAs were made by the United States until the advent of the Space Shuttle program in the early 1980s. In this period, the Soviets resumed EVAs, making four from the Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 space stations between December 20, 1977, and July 30, 1982.
When the United States resumed EVAs on April 7, 1983, astronauts started using an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) for self-contained life support independent of the spacecraft. STS-6 was the first Space Shuttle mission during which a spacewalk was conducted. Also, for the first time, American astronauts used an airlock to enter and exit the spacecraft like the Soviets. Accordingly, the American definition of EVA start time was redefined to when the astronaut switches the EMU to battery power.
Chinese EVA
China became the third country to independently carry out an EVA on September 27, 2008 during the Shenzhou 7 mission. Chinese astronaut Zhai Zhigang completed a spacewalk wearing the Chinese-developed Feitian space suit, with astronaut Liu Boming wearing the Russian-derived Orlan space suit to help him. Zhai completely exited the craft, while Liu stood by at the airlock, straddling the portal.
Milestones
Capability milestones
The first untethered spacewalk was made by American Bruce McCandless II on February 7, 1984, during the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-41-B, using the Manned Maneuvering Unit. He was subsequently joined by Robert L. Stewart during the 5-hour, 55-minute spacewalk. A self-contained spacewalk was first attempted by Eugene Cernan in 1966 on Gemini 9A, but Cernan could not reach the maneuvering unit without tiring.
The first metalwork in open space, consisting of welding, brazing and metal spraying, was conducted by Soviet cosmonauts Svetlana Savitskaya and Vladimir Dzhanibekov on July 25, 1984. A specially designed multipurpose tool was used to perform these activities during a 3-hour, 30-minute EVA outside the Salyut 7 space station.
The first three-person EVA was performed on May 13, 1992, as the third EVA of STS-49, the maiden flight of Endeavour. Pierre Thuot, Richard Hieb, and Thomas Akers conducted the EVA to hand-capture and repair a non-functional Intelsat VI-F3 satellite. it was the only three-person EVA.
The first EVA to perform an in-flight repair of the Space Shuttle was by American Steve Robinson on August 3, 2005, during "Return to Flight" mission STS-114. Robinson was sent to remove two protruding gap fillers from Discovery's heat shield, after engineers determined there was a small chance they could affect the shuttle upon re-entry. Robinson successfully removed the loose material while Discovery was docked to the International Space Station.
The longest EVA as of 2007, was 8 hours and 56 minutes, performed by Susan Helms and James S. Voss on March 11, 2001 (This is also the longest EVA performed by a woman).
Personal cumulative duration records
Russian Anatoly Solovyev holds both the record for most EVAs and for the greatest cumulative duration spent in EVA (16 EVAs; 82 hr and 22 min).
Michael Lopez-Alegria holds the American record (10 EVAs; 67 hr and 40 min).
Christer Fuglesang holds the European (non-Russian) record (5 EVAs; 31 hr and 55 min).
Peggy Whitson holds the record for most EVAs and most cumulative duration spent for a woman (10 EVAs, 60 hr and 21 min).
National, ethnic and gender firsts
The first woman to perform an EVA was Soviet Svetlana Savitskaya on July 25, 1984, while aboard the Salyut 7 space station. Her EVA lasted 3 hours and 35 minutes.
The first two women to perform an EVA together and the first all-female EVA team were Christina Koch and Jessica Meir on October 18, 2019, during Expedition 61 on the International Space Station.
The first EVA by a non-Soviet, non-American was made on December 9, 1988, by Jean-Loup Chrétien of France during a three-week stay on the Mir space station.
The first EVA by a black African-American was on February 9, 1995, by Bernard A. Harris Jr..
The first EVA by a Japanese astronaut was made on November 25, 1997, by Takao Doi during STS-87.
The first EVA by an Australian-born person was on March 13, 2001, by Andy Thomas (although he is a naturalized US citizen).
The first EVA by a Canadian astronaut was made on April 22, 2001, by Chris Hadfield along with NASA astronaut Scott Parazynski during mission STS-100 to install Canadarm2 on the International Space Station.
The first EVA by a Scandinavian astronaut was made on December 12, 2006, by Christer Fuglesang.
The first EVA by a Chinese astronaut was made on September 27, 2008, by Zhai Zhigang during Shenzhou 7 mission. The spacewalk, using a Feitian space suit, made China the third country to independently carry out an EVA.
The first EVA by an Italian astronaut was made on July 9, 2013, by Luca Parmitano along with NASA Astronaut Chris Cassidy during Expedition 36 on the International Space Station.
The first EVA by a British astronaut was on January 15, 2016, by Tim Peake.
Although British-American Michael Foale carried out an EVA on February 9, 1995, he flew as an American astronaut in NASA's program.
Commemoration
The first spacewalk, made by Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, was commemorated in 1965 with several Eastern Bloc stamps (see Alexei Leonov#Stamps). Since the Soviet Union did not publish details of the Voskhod spacecraft at the time, the spaceship depiction in the stamps was purely fictional.
The U.S. Post Office issued a postage stamp in 1967 commemorating Ed White's first American spacewalk. The engraved image has an accurate depiction of the Gemini IV spacecraft and White's space suit.
Designations
NASA "spacewalkers" during the Space Shuttle program were designated as EV-1, EV-2, EV-3 and EV-4 (assigned to mission specialists for each mission, if applicable).
Camp-out procedure
For EVAs from the International Space Station, NASA employed a camp-out procedure to reduce the risk of decompression sickness. This was first tested by the Expedition 12 crew. During a camp out, astronauts sleep overnight in the airlock prior to an EVA, lowering the air pressure to , compared to the normal station pressure of . Spending a night at the lower air pressure helps flush nitrogen from the body, thereby preventing "the bends". More recently astronauts have been using the In-Suit Light Exercise protocol rather than camp-out to prevent decompression sickness.
See also
List of cumulative spacewalk records
List of International Space Station spacewalks
List of Mir spacewalks
List of spacewalkers
List of spacewalks since 2015
List of spacewalks 2000–2014
List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999
Omega Speedmaster
Suitport
The Age of Pioneers, 2017 film about the first spacewalk
References
External links
NASA JSC Oral History Project Walking to Olympus: An EVA Chronology PDF document.
Astronaut space walk picture
NASDA Online Space Notes
Apollo Extravehicular mobility unit. Volume 1: System description – 1971 (PDF document)
Apollo Extravehicular mobility unit. Volume 2: Operational procedures – 1971 (PDF document)
Skylab Extravehicular Activity Development Report – 1974 (PDF document)
Analysis of the Space Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit – 1986 (PDF document)
NASA Space Shuttle EVA tools and equipment reference book – 1993 (PDF document)
Preparing for an American EVA on the ISS – 2006
Category:Human spaceflight
Category:Russian inventions
Category:Articles containing video clips | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Raphaël Rafiringa
Blessed Raphaël Rafiringa (3 November 1856 – 19 May 1919) – born Firinga and Raphaël-Louis as a religious – was a Roman Catholic professed religious from the Madagascar who served as a member of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools and served in his nation at a time when foreign missionaries were expelled. Rafiringa was born into a tribe but turned to the Christian faith and was baptized during his adolescence.
Rafiringa was beatified on 7 June 2009; Archbishop Angelo Amato presided over the beatification on the behalf of Pope Benedict XVI.
Life
Raphaël Rafiringa was born as "Firinga" on 3 November 1856 in Madagascar to Rainiantoandro. His father was a senior official to Queen Ranavalona I and captain of slaves belonging to the noble tribe of Hova. His father lost a child in an earlier marriage. The local sorcerer – Mpisikidy – said to Rafiringa's father on the latter's decision to call his second son Rakotonirina: "Not that name!" and explained that the child would die at 22 months just like the previous son; instead the father said: "We shall call him Firinga". He saw his father on rare instances as a child and would not wear shoes and dressed in a loin cloth alone.
He met missionaries from the De La Salle Brothers in 1866 and after this meeting told his father of his desire to go to school where his teacher was Brother Ladolien. He joined the school on 24 October 1869 when he received his baptism; he asked to join the congregation in 1876. Brother Gonzalvien vested Rafiringa in the habit of the congregation on 11 March 1877.
Rafiringa agreed to serve as an assistant teacher at the local De La Salle school in 1873. On 1 March 1878 he commenced his novitiate and assumed the religious name of "Raphael-Louis" and on 21 November 1879 made his profession as the first native of Madagascar to join. He was elected in 1883 as president of the Catholic Union of nationwide Madagascar and made his perpetual profession on 14 November 1889.
He knelt before Gonzalvien – on 29 May 1883 – and the latter blessed him and instructed him to lead the faithful while the missionaries were expelled in 1883; local Christians made him their guide once the last of the missionaries left. On 3 June 1883 he entered a Protestant-guarded church with Blessed Victoire Rasoamanarivo whom he met around that time and collaborated with in religious affairs. General Joseph-Simon Galliéni awarded him the Medal of Civil Merit on 2 May 1903 for his role in facilitating peace between Madagascar and France.
On 24 December 1915 he was arrested and his room was ransacked and manuscripts were confiscated. An inquest started focusing on his writings and officials tried to prove that he was part of the secret V.V.S. sect and took all he owned. Rafiringa was confined to an underground cell with a broken-down table and a covering of wool. Around midnight on Christmas an investigator came to explain the reasons for his arrest and subsequent interrogations and examinations of writings ensured. His trial – on 18 February 1916 – ended in a positive outcome for him and around 8:00pm he was taken back to his home with the faithful lining the streets to receive him and to kiss his hands for those within reach. He travelled to visit the local bishop – on 19 February – to ask for a new rosary since his previous one became worn out.
Ever since his arrest he suffered frequent bouts of fever and his superiors decided to send him to Fianarantsoa in order to recover. On 15 May 1919 he partook in a celebration that honored Saint Jean-Baptiste de La Salle. He died on 19 May 1919 following his final reception of the sacraments. His remains were relocated to his hometown in 1933.
Beatification
The beatification process commenced under Pope John Paul II in Madagascar on 18 June 1994 following the "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') that the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted to the cause as well as titling the late religious as a Servant of God. The diocesan process spanned from 5 December 1994 until 7 June 1995 and received C.C.S. validation on 20 October 1995.
The official dossier – or Positio – was sent to officials in Rome for evaluation while being passed to a board of historians on 29 January 2002 and to a team of theologians on 24 February 2006 for their approval as well; the C.C.S. granted their assent on 5 December 2007 which allowed for Pope Benedict XVI to recognize his heroic virtue on 17 December 2007 and name him as Venerable.
The process for investigating a miracle in Madagascar took place for a week from 20 September 2004 until the following 26 September; it received C.C.S. validation in Rome on 2 December 2005 and the approval of a medical board on 11 December 2006. Theologians voiced their approval to it on 16 May 2008 while the C.C.S. also approved it on 2 December 2008. The pope approved it on 19 January 2009 and delegated Archbishop Angelo Amato to preside over the beatification on 7 June 2009 in Madagascar's capital.
The current postulator assigned to the cause is Rodolfo Cosimo Meoli.
Miracle
The miracle involved the cure of Mr. Pierre Rafaralahy (1862–1940) in 1927 who became aware of paralysis in his lower body which later that year progressed to total paralysis. He approached the coffin of the late religious – which was left at the altar at a Mass on 10 June 1933 – on crutches and touched it; he experienced a tremor and could suddenly stand without the need of the crutches.
References
External links
Hagiography Circle
Saints SQPN
Rafiringa
Category:1856 births
Category:1919 deaths
Category:19th-century venerated Christians
Category:19th-century Roman Catholics
Category:20th-century venerated Christians
Category:20th-century Roman Catholics
Category:Beatifications by Pope Benedict XVI
Category:De La Salle Brothers
Category:People from Antananarivo
Category:Venerated Catholics
Category:Malagasy Roman Catholics
Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from pagan religions | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2011 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II – Pool B
Group B of the 2011 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone Group II was one of two pools in the Asia/Oceania zone of the 2011 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the teams proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the 2012 Group I.
Hong Kong vs. Turkmenistan
Singapore vs. Oman
Hong Kong vs. Singapore
Turkmenistan vs. Oman
Hong Kong vs. Oman
Singapore vs. Turkmenistan
See also
Fed Cup structure
References
External links
Fed Cup website
Category:2011 Fed Cup Asia/Oceania Zone | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Eddie Connolly (boxer)
Eddie Connolly (November 18, 1876 – January 1, 1936) was a Canadian born boxer who took the World Welterweight Championship in a twenty-five round points decision on June 5, 1900 against reigning champion Matty Matthews at the Seaside Athletic Club in Brooklyn, New York. Earlier in his career, he took both the Canadian Featherweight Title, and the British Empire World Lightweight Title. He was exceptional to have fought for titles in three weight divisions, and to have fought in both lightweight and welterweight divisions for World Championships. His primary and best known manager was Billy Roche, who also managed champion "Mysterious" Billy Smith. He was also managed by Abe Pollack and by Eddie Kelly during his fights in England.
Early life and career
Connolly was born on November 18, 1876 in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
Taking the Canadian Featherweight Championship
He began boxing professionally around 1894, taking the Canadian Featherweight Title at only eighteen on April 3, 1894, in five rounds in his hometown of Saint John, New Brunswick. He won the bout in a five-round points decision.
Connolly defeated Frank Garrard, a competent featherweight, on October 15, 1895 in a third-round knockout in Cleveland, Ohio. On January 10, 1896, he defeated Jimmy Dime at the Cleveland Athletic Club in Cleveland, Ohio, in a third-round knockout. These victories were instrumental in his quick rise in the boxing world. In January 1893, Dime had won the equivalent of the American Lightweight Championship at 130 pounds in Fonda, New York.
On August 13, 1896, fighting on his home turf of Saint John, New Brunswick, Connolly drew in six rounds with Stanton Abbott at the Mechanics Institute. The fighting was rather subdued and the crowd was small, however, as a New Brunswick magistrate, under pressure to curtail professional boxing, had threatened to arrest not only the principals in the fight but the spectators as well if a bout took place. The police chief and ten constables present at the bout apparently did not prevent the fight from taking place.
Taking the World Lightweight Championship of the British Empire
On November 24, 1896, Connolly took the British Empire World Lightweight Championship in Birminghamp, U.K. against English champion Tom Causer in a fifth-round knockout. It was an important win, and a widely recognized World Title, though not recognized worldwide, particularly the United States. Causer was a formidable opponent who according to one source, had lost only one bout prior to 1896. He was the favorite in the pre-fight betting at odds of 6 to 4 and a sizable purse of 200 pounds was at stake. The fighting was fierce and often close throughout, with the first full count in the fifth round.
Brutal bout with English boxer Dick Burge
On January 28, 1897, Connolly fought the great British boxer Dick Burge to a ten-round draw at the Olympic Club in Birmingham, England. Burge was the favorite at 143 pounds, with Connolly five pounds lighter at 138. The bout "caused unusual excitement, crowds flocking to the doors of the clubhouse, and it required extra policemen to preserve order." The sixth and seventh rounds were marked by particularly fierce fighting, with Burge connecting solidly to Connolly's face when he nearly slipped in the sixth, knocking him to the canvas for a count of nine, from which he quickly recovered. At least one source wrote that Burge had the edge in the fight and should have received the decision, despite having over a six-inch disadvantage in reach. The bout was stopped in the tenth round largely as a result of the fierceness of the fighting and the conditions of the competitors. Spectators, the manager of the Olympic Club, and several of the police voiced their desire to stop the fighting. Connolly's head and face were badly battered in the bout. According to Chicago's InterOcean, Burge, angered perhaps by the decision or confused by the fierceness of the contest, began fighting his own cornermen at the conclusion of the fight, and attempted to get at Connolly's trainer.
On March 28, 1897, Connolly met fringe world welterweight contender Paddy Fenton at the Suffolk Athletic Club in Boston, Massachusetts, losing in a fifteenth round disqualification. Connolly was disqualified for a punch to the groin of Fenton two minutes and thirty seconds into the fifteenth round. The victory for Fenton over a future Welterweight Champion, even if it was the result of a foul, may have been one of his most notable. Around September 1911, around the age of thirty-eight, Fenton would perform an exhibition bout with the young welterweight Abe "The Newsboy" Hollandersky, a future Panamanian Heavyweight Champion, at the New London County Fair.
Attempting the World Lightweight Championship against "Kid" Lavigne
According to Cyber Boxing Zone, Connolly competed unsuccessfully for the World Lightweight Championship on April 28, 1897 against reigning champion George "Kid" Lavigne in Brooklyn, New York, losing in an eleventh-round technical knockout. In an article by Kid Lavigne in 1927, his win against Connolly in eleven rounds in 1897 was also listed.
On October 27, 1898, Connolly won a bout against Tom Broderick in a tenth-round technical knockout at the Waverly Athletic Club in Yonkers, New York. Broderick, having accidentally had salts thrown in his eyes, was unable to answer the starting bell in the tenth round, and had to forfeit the match. A great deal of money had been wagered on the bout, with Connolly the favorite. The first four rounds saw fierce battling but with fairly even points scoring on both sides. In the fifth, Broderick clipped Connolly's face with straight lefts and right hooks, leaving him exhausted and battered. In the sixth, Connolly staggered Broderick putting him on the mat. On September 4, 1899, Connolly would defeat Broderick in a twenty-round newspaper decision at the Coliseum in Hartford, Connecticut.
On November 26, 1898, Connolly met George Kerwin, a noted lightweight, at the Commercial Athletic Club in St. Louis, Missouri, for a twenty-round draw. The fighting was fierce, but the draw verdict was not protested by the audience. He would defeat Kerwin in a fourth-round technical knockout on May 9, 1899 at the Olympic Athletic Club in Buffalo, New York. Kerwin was the victim of continuous rights and lefts from Connolly, who had the better of the bout from the early rounds. Connolly was finally knocked down by a left to the jaw in the fourth round. Three months later, Kerwin would take the Lightweight Championship of Iowa on August 31 against Jim Sellars.
Connolly's first bouts with Matty Matthews
On July 31, 1899, Connolly lost to Matty Matthews in New York in a 25-round points decision at the Coney Island Sporting Club. The referee decision was not popular with many in the crowd, but several more knowledgeable observers ringside agreed with the decision.
On October 27, 1899, Connally met Matthews in a twenty-five-round draw at the Broadway Athletic Club in Brooklyn. The fifteenth and the twenty-first rounds were marked by the heaviest battling with Matthews down for a count of five. It was a fierce combat throughout the fight and both men were marked noticeably. At least one reporter felt strongly that Connolly had the better of the bout.
Ramp up to the World Welterweight Championship
In an important win on December 15, 1899, Connolly defeated William "Kid" McPartland in a twenty-five round points decision, again at the Broadway Athletic Club in Brooklyn. Both boxers fought at a weight near 138, close to the lightweight limit. Connolly took the initiative from the early fighting scoring points with lefts to the body, and rights to the head of McPartland. McPartland may have landed heavier blows particularly lefts to the chest and face, but Connolly landed more often, thus winning on points. Connolly never seemed in danger of a knockdown and had McPartland at a safe distance. In 1902, McPartland would contend unsuccessfully for the Lightweight Championship of the World against the great Joe Gans.
On May 15, 1900, he defeated Perry Queenan in a six-round points decision at Tattersall's in Chicago, Illinois. Connolly took the initiative in most of the fighting. Queenan performed better in the fifth and sixth rounds, and appeared to have finished stronger, but the bout was close. Only 1,000 spectators witnessed the bout, a bit of a disappointment. Connolly boxed most effectively in the clinches, and with the frequent clinching in the bout, it appeared both boxers were wary of each other.
Taking World Welterweight Championship, June 5, 1900 against Matty Matthews
Connolly took the World Welterweight Championship in a twenty-five round points decision on June 5, 1900 against reigning champion Matty Matthews at the Seaside Athletic Club in Brooklyn, New York. It was their fourth meeting. Matthews was down for a count of nine in both the eleventh and eighteenth rounds, in a bout that was described as "the best bout of the four", with Connally winning decisively without ever being knocked to the mat. Matthews was also down shortly before the final bell from a strong right to the face.
Losing the World Welterweight Championship to Rube Ferns
On August 13, 1900, he lost the World Welterweight Championship to Rube Ferns, before a crowd of 1800 at the Olympic Club in Buffalo in a fifteenth-round technical knockout of a planned twenty-five. In the final round, Connolly through up his hands after three light shots to the ribs, indicating he could not continue the bout, and his seconds threw in the towel.
On January 6, 1902, Connolly lost to one of the greatest American light and welterweights in American history, the great champion Joe Gans, a black boxer of considerable skill and achievement. Connolly lost in a five-round disqualification at the Washington Sports Club in Philadelphia. One reporter noted that Connolly, "did nothing but hug and wrestle, adding variety to his performance in the third by deliberately trying to butt the Balitmorean (Gans). A head butt is a foul usually resulting in an immediate disqualification. Connolly headbutted Gans as many as three times. The reporter also noted that Connolly clinched frequently and "wrestled" rather than boxed, probably in attempt to protest himself from the fierce assaults of Gans. By the time the referee ended the bout in the fifth, Connolly had been "rendered practically helpless" by the powerful punching of Gans.
On April 18, 1902, he knocked out Barney Connors in four rounds at the Wabash Athletic Club in Chicago, Illinois. Connolly put Connors on the mat for the final count with a right swing to the jaw.
Boxing in England as a Welterweight
On June 21, 1902, he won an important bout against Pat Daly in a fifteen-round points decision at the National Sporting Club in London. The bout was billed as the 144 pound title, making it an important Welterweight battle.
Facing English Middleweight Champion Jack Palmer
On July 19, and August 23, 1902 Connolly faced boxer Jack Palmer twice at the Ginetts Circus in New Castle, England, losing the first bout in a twenty-round decision, and the second in a sixth-round technical knockout. In their third and final meeting, on November 24, 1902, Connolly lost to Palmer in London at the National Sporting Club in a fifteen rounds points decision. Palmer was considered an English Middleweight Champion at the time of the bout. Palmer took $1000 for the win, with Connolly receiving only $250. The battling was hard and fast throughout. Fighting normally as a welterweight, Connolly may have been outweighed by the middleweight champion. At least three sources considered the bout for the Middleweight Championship of England at 158 pounds, though Connolly, perhaps because of his weight or his status as a resident of America was not eligible to box for the British title.
Unsuccessful attempt at the British Empire Welterweight Championship
On September 15, 1902, Connolly was defeated by English boxer Tom Woodley in an eleventh round points decision at the Wonderland Club in London. The bout was staged as a match for the British Commonwealth Welterweight Title at 144 pounds. Connolly had the lead until the sixth round when the tide turned and he was nearly knocked out by Woodley, and for the remaining five rounds, Woodley took control, finally winning on points. In a rematch on January 26, 1903 at the National Sporting Club in London, Connolly beat Woodley in a fifteen-round points decision.
Return to America and retirement from boxing
On July 22, and August 10, 1903, he fought two ten-round draws against Jack "Twin" Sullivan in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in his original hometown of Saint John, New Brunswick, in Canada. Though a well known welterweight himself, Jack's twin brother Mike would claim the World Welterweight Championship in 1907.
On January 15, 1904 Connolly ended his career, according to most sources, losing in a first-round technical knockout against Honey Mellody at the Lennox Athletic Club in Boston, Massachusetts. The brief newspaper reports that followed the bout stated simply that "Connolly was outclassed and at the mercy of the Charlestown man (Mellody)." Two years later Mellody would take the World Welterweight Championship against the great Joe Walcott on October 16, 1906.
Coverage of Connolly in American newspapers subsequent to his boxing career was sparse. He died in 1936.
See also
Lineal championship
List of welterweight boxing champions
Boxing achievements
References
External links
Professional boxing record for Eddie Connolly, Cyber Boxing Zone
Category:1887 births
Category:1936 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Saint John, New Brunswick
Category:World boxing champions
Category:World welterweight boxing champions
Category:Welterweight boxers
Category:Featherweight boxers
Category:Lightweight boxers
Category:Canadian male boxers | {
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Christmas in My Heart (Sarah Connor song)
"Christmas in My Heart" is a song by German singer–songwriter Sarah Connor. It was her first Christmas single and the lead single from her first Christmas album, Christmas in My Heart (2005). Male vocals were provided by Naturally 7 member Dwight Stewart.
After the success of Naughty but Nice, Connor decided to release her first album of Christmas music entitled Christmas in My Heart. The title track "Christmas in My Heart" was released to promote the album and Connor's tour at the time. The single peaked at number four on the German Singles Chart and was Germany's seventy-seventh best-selling single of 2006. It was the last single Connor released until late 2006 when the album was reissued with a new single. The song is also featured on a DVD of the same name released with the reissue in 2006.
Track listings
European CD single
"Christmas in My Heart" (Single Version) – 4:14
"Christmas in My Heart" (Soulful Xmas Mix) – 4:02
European CD maxi single
"Christmas in My Heart" (Single Version) – 4:14
"Christmas in My Heart" (Soulful Xmas Mix) – 4:02
"Christmas in My Heart" (Full Length Version) – 4:46
Xmas Greetings from Sarah – 0:38
"A Look Behind the Tour" (Clip) – 3:44
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
External links
Category:2000s ballads
Category:2005 singles
Category:Christmas songs
Category:Pop ballads
Category:Soul ballads
Category:Sarah Connor (singer) songs
Category:Songs written by Kay Denar
Category:Songs written by Rob Tyger
Category:2005 songs
Category:X-Cell Records singles | {
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} |
Capital punishment in Latvia
Capital punishment in Latvia was abolished for ordinary crimes in 1999 and for crimes committed during wartime in 2012. Latvia is party to several international instruments which ban the capital punishment.
History
Latvia regained independence in 1991 after the fall of the Soviet Union. Subsequently, the death penalty in civilian cases was reserved for murder and the only method of execution, as during Soviet times, was shooting with a single bullet to the back of the head. The last executions took place in January 1996.
In October 1996, President Guntis Ulmanis claimed that he would commute any death sentence to a term of imprisonment.
Latvia continued to hand down death sentences until 1998. On April 15, 1999 the death penalty in peacetime was abolished by ratifying Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights. In 2002, Latvia signed Protocol No. 13 to ECHR, concerning the abolition of the death penalty under all circumstances. The law on the ratification of Protocol 13 was adopted on 13 October 2011 and the protocol was ratified on 26 January 2012. Protocol 13 was entered into force on 1 May 2012.
Latvia was the last European Union country to retain capital punishment for wartime murder, until it abolished it in 2012. Latvia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 2013.
References
External links
Status of ratification:
Second Optional Protocol to ICCPR;
Protocol No. 6 to ECHR
Protocol No. 13 to ECHR
Latvia
Category:Human rights in Latvia
Category:Latvian law
Category:Death in Latvia
Category:1999 disestablishments in Latvia
Category:1996 disestablishments in Latvia
Category:2012 disestablishments in Latvia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ronaille Calheira
Ronaille Calheira Seará (born March 13, 1984 in Bahia, Brazil) is a Brazilian football player who plays for Peruvian club Cultural Santa Rosa.
Attributes
A tall and gangly player with a good heading ability, Calheira plays at the striker position.
Titles
External links
BDFA profile
Ronaille Calheira at Footballdatabase
Category:1984 births
Category:Living people
Category:Brazilian footballers
Category:People from Bahia
Category:Deportes Quindío footballers
Category:Club Universitario de Deportes footballers
Category:América de Cali footballers
Category:Atlético Huila footballers
Category:The Strongest players
Category:Yanbian Funde F.C. players
Category:León de Huánuco footballers
Category:Tarxien Rainbows F.C. players
Category:C.D. Águila footballers
Category:KF Bylis Ballsh players
Category:Sport Áncash footballers
Category:Peruvian Primera División players
Category:China League One players
Category:Albanian Superliga players
Category:Categoría Primera A players
Category:Peruvian Segunda División players
Category:Brazilian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Peru
Category:Expatriate footballers in Colombia
Category:Expatriate footballers in Bolivia
Category:Expatriate footballers in China
Category:Expatriate footballers in Malta
Category:Expatriate footballers in the Dominican Republic
Category:Expatriate footballers in Albania
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in China
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Malta
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the Dominican Republic
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Albania
Category:Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Category:Association football forwards | {
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Kōta Kanai
is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 6-dan.
Early life
Kanai was born on May 25, 1986, in Ageo, Saitama. He learned how to play shogi from his grandfather when he was about six years old. In August 1999, he was accepted into the Japan Shogi Association's apprentice school at the rank of 6-kyū under the guidance of shogi professional . He was promoted to the rank of 3-dan in 2003, and obtained full professional status and the rank of 4-dan in April 2007 after the tying for first place with Masayuki Toyoshima in the 40th 3-dan League (October 2006March 2007) with a record of 14 wins and 4 losses. Kanai had a record of three wins and four losses after seven games in the 40th 3-dan League before winning his next eleven games to gain professional status.
Promotion history
Kanai's promotion history is as follows:
1999: 6-kyū
2007, April 1: 4-dan
2010, March 9: 5-dan
2016, March 9: 6-dan
Titles and other championships
Kanai's only appearance to date in a major title match came in 2018 when he was defeated 4 games to none by Taichi Takami in the 3rd Eiō title match.
Awards and honors
Kanai received the Japan Shogi Association's Annual Shogi Awards "Most Consecutive Games Won" for 2008 and "Special Game of the Year" for 2009.
References
External links
ShogiHub: Professional Player Info · Kanai, Kota
Category:Japanese shogi players
Category:Living people
Category:Professional shogi players
Category:Professional shogi players from Saitama Prefecture
Category:1986 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Daniel Kozelinski Netto
Daniel Kozelinski Netto (born 18 February 1952) is the Apostolic Administrator sede vacante of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Eparchy of Santa Maria del Patrocinio in Buenos Aires since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on 22 June 2011. He had previously served as Auxiliary Bishop of São João Batista in Ukraine in Curitiba.
Kozelinski Netto was born in Cologne Paraiso, Bom Sucesso, in Parana state in 1952. He attended philosophy studies at the Studium OSBM Curitiba and theology at the Studium Theologicum Claretianum the same city. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Youth Ministry and Catechetics at the Pontifical Salesian University in Rome. He was ordained priest 10 February 1980.
He carried out his pastoral ministry in various activities and tasks: coadjutor in the parish of the eparchical cathedral, and pastor of the parish, "St. Joseph" in the seminary and Trainer Dorizon eparchial less, and pastor of the parish "Sacred Heart of Jesus" and Rector of the Minor Seminary; Rector of the Seminary "St. Josaphat," and pastor of the cathedral eparchial, and pastor of the parish, "St. Joseph" in Cantagalo, a student in Rome at the Pontifical Salesian University, in pastoral service in the city of Mallet, PR.
On 20 June 2007 he was appointed Titular Bishop of Eminenziana by Pope Benedict XVI and Auxiliary of the Eparchy of São João Batista of the Ukrainians in Curitiba (Brazil). He received his episcopal consecration on 16 September of same year. At present, plays the role of the Eparchy Syncellus and deals with the region's pastoral União da Vitoria, a city where she lives.
He was appointed Apostolic Administrator sede vacante of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Eparchy of Santa Maria del Patrocinio in Buenos Aires on 22 June 2011 replacing Sviatoslav Shevchuk who was elected Major Archbishop following the retirement of Cardinal Husar.
In January 12, 2013 he also was appointed by the Holy See as Apostolic Visitor in Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and Venezuela for Ukrainian Catholics.
References
Category:1952 births
Category:Living people
Category:Salesian Pontifical University alumni
Category:Brazilian Eastern Catholic bishops
Category:Argentine bishops
Category:Bishops of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Category:Members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Vicente Mir
Vicente Mir Arnau (born 3 June 1968) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a forward, and is a manager.
Apart from one appearance for Valencia in La Liga, he spent his entire career as a player and manager in the lower divisions, totalling 52 goals in 246 Segunda División B games in service of five clubs.
In 2004, Mir started working as a coach.
Playing career
Born in Meliana, Valencian Community, Mir was a youth product of local giants Valencia CF. After several seasons as a senior with the reserves he started his professional career with Palamós CF in the second division, on loan.
Upon his return to the Che for the 1991–92 campaign, Mir was again almost exclusively associated with the B-side. Main squad manager Guus Hiddink handed him his La Liga debut on 8 September 1991, and he played 31 minutes in a 0–1 away loss against Albacete Balompié after coming on as a substitute for Rommel Fernández.
Mir spent the remainder of his career in the Spanish lower leagues, competing almost exclusively in his native region and representing mainly Elche CF (three seasons). He retired at the end of 2001–02 with Villajoyosa CF, in the fourth level.
Coaching career
Mir was appointed director of youth football at Benidorm CF in 2002, remaining in the position several years. Afterwards, he took the reins of Alicante CF's reserves, promoting from the regional championships in his first year and nearly achieving the feat the following campaign, with a team full of youngsters.
For 2010–11, Mir joined Valencia B, leading the club to the third division at the first attempt. He was relieved of his duties in December 2011, having recorded four wins, four draws and nine defeats during the season.
In 2012, Mir moved to fellow reserve team Elche CF Ilicitano, and in his first season he led them to a historic promotion to division three. The following campaign they went unbeaten at home, but lost the play-off place to UE Llagostera on the last day, and he was sacked following relegation in May 2015.
Mir returned to the city of Alicante on 18 January 2016, being hired by third-tier club Hércules CF on 18 January 2016. He was sacked on 27 June after defeat to Cádiz CF in the play-off final.
Mir was appointed by third level strugglers Real Murcia on 26 February 2017, replacing the sacked Paco García. After guiding them to the playoffs he switched to Elche on 15 June, who dismissed him five months later.
On 30 May 2018, Mir was named CD Alcoyano manager. He left the following 27 February by mutual consent, when a 4–1 loss at fellow strugglers CD Teruel put the team one point off the relegation play-offs.
Mir returned for a second spell at Hércules on 9 December 2019, replacing Jesús Muñoz who had been fired earlier the same day.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Horta Nord
Category:Spanish footballers
Category:Valencian footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:La Liga players
Category:Segunda División players
Category:Segunda División B players
Category:Tercera División players
Category:Valencia CF Mestalla footballers
Category:Palamós CF footballers
Category:Valencia CF players
Category:Elche CF players
Category:CD Alcoyano footballers
Category:Benidorm CF footballers
Category:Villajoyosa CF footballers
Category:Spanish football managers
Category:Segunda División B managers
Category:Elche CF Ilicitano managers
Category:Hércules CF managers
Category:Real Murcia managers
Category:Elche CF managers
Category:CD Alcoyano managers | {
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} |
Fifty (film)
Fifty is a 2015 Nigerian romantic drama film released on December 18, 2015.
Plot
Fifty captures few pivotal days of four women at the pinnacle of their careers. Tola, Elizabeth, Maria and Kate are four friends forced at midlife to take inventory at their personal lives, while juggling career and family against the backdrops of the neighbourhoods of Lagos.
Tola is a reality TV star whose marriage to lawyer Kunle never stood a chance thanks to an invidious family secret. Elizabeth is a celebrated obstetrician whose penchant for younger men has estranged her from her daughter. Maria, a forty nine-year old has an affair with a married man that results in an unexpected pregnancy and Kate's battle with a life-threatening illness has plugged her into religious obsession.
Cast
Main cast
Ireti Doyle as Elizabeth who is an obstetrician whose desire for younger men has caused a strain on her relationship with her daughter.
Dakore Akande as Tola who is a reality TV star whose marriage to lawyer Kunle never stood a chance due to an invidious family secret.
Omoni Oboli as Maria who is a forty-nine year old lady who had an affair with a married man that results in an unexpected pregnancy
Nse Ikpe-Etim as Kate who is battling with a life-threatening illness that plunged her into religious obsession
Wale Ojo as Kunle
Kachi Nnochiri as Chike
Emmanuel Ikubese as Sammy
Kemi ‘Lala’ Akindoju as Chi Chi
Timini Egbuson as Jamal
Uzor Osimkpa as Sade
Guest stars
King Sunny Adé as himself
Femi Kuti as himself
Nneka as herself
Tiwa Savage as herself
Waje as herself
Production
The film is executively produced by Ebony Life TV CEO Mo Abudu. Directed by Biyi Bandele.
Release
Fifty had its premiere in London in October which sold out in four days, and a private screening in Lagos which also held in October 2015. Grand Premiere set for Sunday 13 December 2015 at the Eko Hotel and Suites.
The film, was released to cinemas on December 18, 2015.
Critical Reception
The movie was met with a lot of mixed reviews. Nollywood Reinvented rated the movie 52% and highlighted its lack of content and depth.
See also
List of black films of the 2010s
References
External links
Category:Films directed by Biyi Bandele
Category:English-language films
Category:Films shot in Lagos
Category:Films set in Lagos
Category:Nigerian films
Category:2010s romantic drama films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Stéphane Goubert
Stéphane Goubert (born 13 March 1970 in Montpellier) is a French retired professional road bicycle racer. He finished in the top 20 of the Tour de France 3 times, with his highest finish being 16th in 2009, but he never managed to claim an individual win.
Tour de France
1999: 74th
2001: 31st
2002: 17th
2003: 31st
2004: 20th
2005: 34th
2006: 37th
2007: 27th
2008: 21st
2009: 16th
External links
Profile at AG2R Prévoyance official website
Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:French male cyclists
Category:Sportspeople from Montpellier
Category:Tour de France cyclists
Category:Vuelta a España cyclists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Patriotic Order of Merit
The Patriotic Order of Merit (German: Vaterländischer Verdienstorden, or VVO) was a national award granted annually in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). It was founded in 1954 and was awarded to individuals and institutions for outstanding contributions to the state and society in various areas of life.
Classes
Honor clasp, in Gold
Gold, 1st class
Silver, 2nd class
Bronze, 3rd class
The award
The official language for the award stipulated it was given "for outstanding merit":
"in the struggle of the German and international labor movement and in the fight against fascism,"
"in the establishment, consolidation and fortification of the German Democratic Republic,"
"in the fight to secure peace and advance the international influence of the German Democratic Republic".
The order was awarded in bronze, silver, gold and gold honor clasp (for exceptional merit). Each level was only awarded once and with the exception of the recipient of the honor clasp, all recipients received a sum of money.
Notable recipients
1956, Paula Hertwig
Marshal Vasily Chuikov
See also
Orders, decorations, and medals of East Germany
References
Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of East Germany
Category:Awards established in 1954
Category:1954 establishments in East Germany | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Widewater, Virginia
Widewater is an unincorporated community in Stafford County, in the U.S. state of Virginia. Located on the banks of the Potomac River, it was the site of the flight experiments by Samuel Langley during the late 19th and early 20th Century. It was a stop on the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad which was replaced by, CSXT.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Category:Unincorporated communities in Stafford County, Virginia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lithuania at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Lithuania competed at the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, Australia.
Medalists
See also
Lithuania at the 2000 Summer Olympics
External links
International Paralympic Committee
References
Category:Nations at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
2000
Paralympics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Solar eclipse of February 5, 1962
A total solar eclipse occurred on February 5, 1962. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from Indonesia, Netherlands New Guinea (now belonging to Indonesia), the Territory of Papua New Guinea (today's Papua New Guinea), British Solomon Islands (today's Solomon Islands), and Palmyra Atoll.
Related eclipses
Solar eclipses of 1961–1964
Saros 130
Metonic series
Notes
References
The Flash Spectrum Observed at the Total Eclipse of February 5, 1962, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, vol. 21, p.141 (1969).
1962 02 05
1962 02 05
Category:1962 in science
Category:February 1962 events | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Chongsu Station
Ch'ŏngsu Station is a railway station of the Korean State Railway in Ch'ŏngsu Workers' District, Sakchu County, North P'yŏngan Province, North Korea. It is the northern terminus of the P'yŏngbuk Line of the Korean State Railway. The line continues past the station to a factory at Namsal-li.
History
Ch'ŏngsu Station, along with the rest of the line, was opened by the Pyongbuk Railway on 27 September 1939.
Services
Ch'ŏngsu Station is served by semi-express trains 115/116 to and from P'yŏngyang, long-distance stopping trains 200/201 to and from West P'yŏngyang, as well as six pairs of commuter trains along the Ch'ongsu—Sup'ung—P'ungnyŏn route.
References
Category:Railway stations in North Korea | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Cascade Falls (Linn County, Oregon)
Cascade Falls is a waterfall from the Quartzville Creek in Linn County, Oregon. The waterfall is known for being a point for river rafting through the Quartzville corridor and is the centerpiece attraction of the Dogwood Recreation Site.
See also
List of waterfalls in Oregon
References
Category:Waterfalls of Oregon
Category:Landforms of Linn County, Oregon | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Neuhäusgen
Neuhäusgen or Neuhaeusgen () is a village in the commune of Schuttrange, in southern Luxembourg. , the village had a population of 235.
Category:Schuttrange
Category:Villages in Luxembourg | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Golden Axe Warrior
Golden Axe Warrior is an action-adventure role-playing video game, developed and published by Sega. It was released on the Master System in 1991 as a spin-off of the popular Golden Axe video game series. The game follows a young warrior who tries to avenge the death of his parents by exploring ten labyrinths, collecting nine missing crystals and battling with the evil tyrant Death Adder. Players must cross a large world, fight enemies, seek mysterious labyrinths, fight bosses, and obtain the crystals that are guarded by many monsters. All the playable characters from the original Golden Axe make cameo appearances.
The game has drawn comparisons to NES titles Legend of Zelda and Willow, as well as Master System titles Ys and Lord of the Sword. Golden Axe Warrior received a positive to mixed reception upon release. It received positive reviews from American, French and German magazines, but was criticized by British magazines for having little to do with the arcade original.
Plot
The evil giant, Death Adder, has invaded the countries of Firewood, Nendoria and Altorulia and killed the royal families. A young hero from Firewood sets out on a quest to destroy the giant. To counter Adder's evil magic he needs to find the nine crystals of the royal family from Firewood. These crystals warded off Death Adder until the king was betrayed by a minister who sold the crystals to Adder. Death Adder has hidden the crystals in nine labyrinths. On his quest the hero visits numerous villages and discovers numerous people hiding from Death Adder. He can learn the Thunder, Earth, Fire and Water magics. He learns that the princess of Firewood is still alive and that he is the son of the king of Altorulia. After finding all nine crystals the hero is able to enter the tenth and final labyrinth where he must find the mythical Golden Axe, the only weapon that can harm Death Adder, before facing the giant himself.
Gameplay
Players take control of the game's hero, who can be named at the start of a new quest. The game features a large overworld with over 200 unique screens and many enemies. Players must retrieve each of the game's nine crystals by locating hidden labyrinths. Each labyrinth is guarded by monsters and full of puzzles that must be solved in order to reach the boss and retrieve the crystal. Throughout the game, players collect various items and abilities that allow access to previously unreachable areas. The tenth labyrinth is only accessible after collecting the nine crystals. Players must then find the Golden Axe and use it to defeat Death Adder.
Weapons and armor can be upgraded and several magic abilities can be learned. Using magic requires the use of pots which are depleted after every use. The game's currency is horns collected from enemies; these horns can be spent in towns throughout the game. Hidden areas can be uncovered by chopping down trees with an axe or clearing rocks using Earth magic.
Release
The game is considered to be one of the system's rarest games. It is included as an unlockable game in Sonic's Ultimate Genesis Collection for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.
Reception
Golden Axe Warrior received a positive to mixed reception upon release. American magazine GamePro scored it 5 out of 5, comparing it to NES titles Legend of Zelda and Willow, but concluding that Golden Axe Warrior is "a great game". It also received positive reviews from French magazines Joystick and Player One, each scoring it 88%, and German magazine Video Games, which scored it 81%. However, it received mixed reviews from British magazines, which pointed out that the game was vastly different from the original Golden Axe, including one in Sega Pro, which rated Golden Axe Warrior a 67%; Computer and Video Games also pointed out the difference, calling it an "incredibly dull RPG." Reviewers in Mean Machines called it "boring" and "tedious", recommending Ys and Lord of the Sword instead.
Retrospectively, RPGFan gave it a positive review, rating it 94% and stating that it "blows Zelda 1 away in every way." Defunct Games also gave it a positive review, giving it an A- rating and stating that it "is so spot on Zelda in every way, it's actually pretty good." IGN mentioned the game in its article "A History of Gaming's Most Shameless Rip-Offs", calling it a rip-off of The Legend of Zelda. They noted similarities in enemies and map designs, and called the soundtrack "eerily similar" to Zelda but without any of the personality.
See also
Ax Battler: A Legend of Golden Axe
References
External links
Category:1991 video games
Category:Fantasy video games
Category:Master System games
Category:Role-playing video games
Category:Sega video games
Category:Top-down video games
Category:Video games developed in Japan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail
The Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail (OVHT) is part of the U.S. National Trails System, and N.C. State Trail System. It recognizes the Revolutionary War Overmountain Men, Patriots from what is now East Tennessee who crossed the Unaka Mountains and then fought in the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina.
Location
The OVHT follows the route from Abingdon, Virginia at the Abingdon Muster Grounds, fording the Watauga River at Sycamore Shoals through present day Elizabethton, Tennessee, crossing the Doe River twice near both Hampton, Tennessee and Roan Mountain, Tennessee, and ascending over the steep Unaka Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina, on through South Carolina to the site of the Battle of Kings Mountain now within Kings Mountain National Military Park. The trail network consists of a corridor, including a branch from Elkin, North Carolina, that joins the main route at Morganton, North Carolina. In Rutherford County, North Carolina, the trail follows the approximate location of Rock Road through the Gilbert Town Historic District.
Fifty-seven miles (92 km) of OVHT are officially developed for public use, and development continues on the remaining sections. The official sections of the trail were established through agreements with current landowners and often have overlapping designations. All officially certified segments are identified through the use of signs displaying the trail logo (an Overmountain man in profile on a brown and white triangle) or a white triangular blaze.
A parallel Commemorative Motor Route travels along state highways and, in some stretches, actually travels over the old historic roadway.
The Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail is a cooperative effort of the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Overmountain Victory Trail Association, the N.C. Division of Parks and Recreation, local governments, local citizens' associations, local historical societies and the states of Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
History
In anticipation of both the upcoming American Bicentennial of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the 1980 bicentennial of the Battle of King's Mountain, many citizens in the five states along the original routes—which included Georgia --- reenacted and hiked along the segments of the Appalachian mountain trails and highways closely following the path of the actual 1780 march to the battle site located near present-day Kings Mountain, North Carolina, on the North Carolina-South Carolina border.
Hikers, military reenactors, and scouts have long followed the segments of the famous overmountain victory trail, and in 1975 three Elizabethton boy scouts were among those who completed the first re-enactment of the overmountain march (approximately 214 miles in one direction) from Elizabethton to King's Mountain and were met at a ceremony by U.S. Vice President Nelson Rockefeller at the Kings Mountain National Military Park near Blacksburg, South Carolina.
Many of these same OVT hikers, reenactors, and area citizens later sought federal recognition of the overmountain march to the Battle of King's Mountain as being analogous to the spontaneous response of the patriot Minutemen at Lexington and Concord during the American Revolutionary War.
OVT supporters worked with representatives of other American trails to create what became known as the National Trails System and later carried scrolls petitioning Congress for national designation of the OVT route. The Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail was officially designated as a national historic trail during September 1980 by federal legislation authorized by the U.S. Congress, and later in 1980, President Jimmy Carter—recognizing the historical significance of the frontier patriots marching over the Appalachian Mountains to defeat the Loyalist army at the Battle of King's Mountain—signed federal law designating the historical overmountain route as the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, the first National Historic Trail established within the eastern United States, exactly 200 years after the event it commemorates.
In June 2019, the North Carolina General Assembly passed legislation which added the OVT's route within NC to the State Trail System. The enabling legislation directed the North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation (NCDPR) to coordinate with the National Park Service on development of the trail within the state, and it gave NCDPR the authority to purchase or accept donations of land for the trail.
See also
Battle of Musgrove Mill
References
External links
The National Park Service: Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail
Special Silver Anniversary Report 1980-2005
Category:Hiking trails in North Carolina
Category:Hiking trails in South Carolina
Category:Hiking trails in Tennessee
Category:Hiking trails in Virginia
Category:National Historic Trails of the United States
Category:Protected areas of the Appalachians
Category:Protected areas of Washington County, Virginia
Category:Pisgah National Forest
Category:National Park Service areas in Tennessee
Category:Protected areas of Carter County, Tennessee | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Primal (2019 film)
Primal is a 2019 action thriller film directed by Nick Powell and starring Nicolas Cage, Famke Janssen, Kevin Durand, LaMonica Garrett, and Michael Imperioli. The film was shot in Puerto Rico and released in the United States on November 8, 2019.
Plot
Frank Walsh is a skilled big-game hunter specializing in rare and dangerous species. He has recently caught an extremely rare white jaguar in the rain forests of Brazil and now expects to sell it to a zoo for a fortune. Frank books a ship to deliver the jaguar along with other animals to the U.S. However, authorities also need the ship to transport a notorious killer who must be brought to trial, and who, for medical reasons, cannot be transported by plane. On the way to the U.S., the criminal frees himself and releases dangerous animals and venomous snakes.
Cast
Nicolas Cage as Frank Walsh
Famke Janssen as Dr. Ellen Taylor
Kevin Durand as Richard Loffler
LaMonica Garrett as John Ringer
Michael Imperioli as Paul Freed
Reception
The film received mostly negative reviews by critics. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Primal holds an approval rating of 39%, based on 31 reviews. Its consensus reads: "Chiefly of interest to Nicolas Cage completists and hardcore B-movie fans, this action thriller suffers from an unfortunate lack of Primal energy." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 32 out of 100, based on 11 critical reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
D.D. Crowley from Nightmarish Conjurings wrote that: "It’s like Jumanji but with less family-friendly content and more grunting. If you’re looking for a wildly fun action flick, I would highly recommend Primal. It is a hell of a good time".
Flickering Myth gave the film a rating of 3 stars out of 5. Film School Rejects appreciated the film writing that: "Primal at least has the added hook of killer animals which bring some thrills and allow for some fun". Also The Daily Beast called it a fun B-movie. Noel Murray of Los Angeles Times noted "Alas, “Primal” ends up being more exhausting than awesome. Cage and Durand chew the scenery like trenchermen; and Janssen and Imperioli are far more charismatic than their roles require. But while director Nicholas Powell is a veteran stunt coordinator, his movie is decidedly lacking in eye-popping action... Unfortunately, even by the relaxed standards of trash cinema, 'Primal' is dispiritingly tame."
Simon Abrams in his review for RogerEbert.com gave the film 1.5 stars out of four and stated "So while 'Primal' is supposed to be a star vehicle for Cage, it's mostly enjoyable for its charismatic ensemble cast and incidental gonzo elements... There's sadly not much more to 'Primal' than that. You might think there doesn't need to be, but there should be an extra something given how enticing the movie appears to be (from a distance)." Dennis Harvey of Variety wrote "'Primal' isn't just a title that's been used many times, it's now a movie that seems to have put several prior movies in a food processor — to results that are edible, but unsurprisingly don't taste like anything in particular, let alone induce a desire for seconds. That this mashup of too many familiar action-thriller elements doesn't emerge a generic mess is a credit to all involved. That it's passably entertaining but also instantly forgettable comes as less of a surprise." The Hollywood Reporter's John DeFore added "...when the time comes for Cage to play great-white-hunter, viewers will likely want more. But no film involving Nicolas Cage and a blowgun with curare-tipped darts can be all bad, and Primal gives us at least a little of everything we'd want in this kind of yarn."
References
External links
Category:2010s action thriller films
Category:2019 films
Category:American action thriller films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Étienne Juillard
Étienne Juillard (23 February 1914 – 11 November 2006) was a French geographer and scientist.
Category:1914 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:French geographers
Category:French scientists
Category:Scientists from Paris
Category:University of Strasbourg alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Shepherdstown Historic District
The Shepherdstown Historic District comprises the historic core of Shepherdstown, West Virginia. The town is the oldest in West Virginia, founded in 1762 as Mecklenburg. No structures are known to exist from the time before the town became known as Shepherdstown. The historic district is concentrated along German Street, the main street, with 386 contributing resources and 69 non-contributing elements. The chief representative period is the late 18th century, with many Federal style brick houses. German Street is also furnished with 19th-century "street furniture" such as metal fences, mounting blocks, wooden pumps and mature trees.
The town has a significant place in American history. James Rumsey made a public demonstration of a steamboat in 1787 on the nearby Potomac River. Shepherdstown was proposed as the National Capital in 1790, losing to Alexandria, Virginia, and Georgetown, Maryland, at the tidal headwaters of the Potomac. During the Civil War, Shepherdstown was in a pivotal position, with Confederate forces burning the covered bridge over the Potomac in 1861, then using nearby Pack Horse Ford to and from the Battle of Antietam. The entire town became a field hospital following this action. Later, Union troops occupied the town to preserve the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad link to the west.
Some of the more significant elements are:
Baker House, a Federal style brick house with a Roman Revival porch, dating to the 1790s. It was the home of US Representative John Baker.
The Great Western Hotel, owned by Jacob Entler. Originally a log structure, it was extensively modified in the early 19th century.
The Presbyterian Manse, a brick Federal style or Classical Revival house, home of John Kearsley, a prominent local landowner.
Trinity Episcopal Rectory, a Federal style house that was a home of John Baker, as well as US Representative Thomas Van Swearingen.
The Lane House, a Federal style house once owned by Harriet Lane, niece and hostess for President James Buchanan.
The Sheetz House, a Federal style house where muskets were manufactured during the American Revolutionary War.
The Old Market House, the town's former market built in 1800, with stepped gable ends. A second story was added in 1845 by the Odd Fellows with a 999-year lease. The first floor has been a public library since 1922.
McMurran Hall, a yellow brick Greek Revival building in the Corinthian order, which served as the Jefferson County Courthouse immediately after the American Civil War. It was later the first building used by Shepherd College.
The Entler Hotel, a thirty-two room complex, which is itself on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Shepherd District Free School, a public school on the campus of Shepherd University, built in 1868.
The Chapline-Shenton House, built in 1793 on the site of the original Sheetz gunnery, and bought in 1818 by Captain William Delyea, stepson of General William Darke. Congressman Van Swearingen lived in the house during the winter. During the Civil War the house was used as a hospital following the battle of Antietam.
The Weltzheimer Tavern, which housed the Potowmac Guardian and Berkeley Advertiser in 1790, the first newspaper published in West Virginia. The newspaper was operated by Nathaniel Willis, grandfather of Nathaniel Parker Willis and a participant in the Boston Tea Party. In 1808 the building became known as Weltzheimer's Tavern.
Shepherd's Grist Mill, itself listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Billmyer House, a Federal style house that served as an inn, and home of Col. John F. Hamtramck, a figure in the Mexican–American War.
The historic district was expanded in 1987 to include properties from the late 19th century, including the Register Building, the Opera House and the Jefferson Security Bank. The expansion also includes Elmwood Cemetery, with a large number of Civil War graves. Outer portions of the expanded district include American Foursquare and bungalow styles of housing. The older portions of the Shepherd University campus are also included.
References
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Category:Federal architecture in West Virginia
Category:Neoclassical architecture in West Virginia
Category:Greek Revival architecture in West Virginia
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Category:Historic districts in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Category:Houses in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
South Africa International
The South Africa International is an international badminton tournament held in South Africa organised by Badminton South Africa, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF) and Badminton Confederation of Africa (BCA). In the last few years, this tournament has been an BWF International Series with total prize money US$10.000 in 2014 and US$5.000 in 2015.
Previous winners
References
External links
Badminton South Africa
Badminton Confederation of Africa
Category:Badminton tournaments in South Africa
Category:Badminton in South Africa | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Elazığ Culture Park
Elazig Culture Park () is a public park in Elazig, a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.
Geography
The park is at the eastern part of the center of Elazig. Its altitude is . It is surrounded by City Stadium to the west, Zafran Mesire Alanı to the north, 8th General Directorate of High Ways to the east and, Olgunlar District to the south.
History
During the early years of the Turkey, the site was used as a city nursery. As the growth of the city of Elazığ step by step site surrounded by the high density residential buildings. At 2010 Municipality of Elazığ took the site and established Elazığ Culture Park and opened to the public on 29 May 2015, the Conquest Day of İstanbul.
Design
Designers of Elazığ Culture Park are world known Turkish architect Günay Erdem together with famous Turkish landscape architects Serpil Öztekin Erdem and Sunay Erdem.
References
Category:Parks in Elazığ
Category:Urban public parks
Category:1943 establishments in Turkey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Sufna
Sufna is a 2020 Indian Punjabi-language romantic drama film written and directed by Jagdeep Sidhu. Produced by Panj Paani Films, it stars Ammy Virk, Tania, and Jagjeet Sandhu in lead. The film was released on 14 February 2020 in India. Soundtrack of the film is produced by B Praak and songs are written and composed by Jaani.
Cast
Ammy Virk as Jagjeet
Tania as Teg
Jasmin Bajwa as Tasveer
Jagjeet Sandhu as Tarsem
Seema Kaushal
Kaka Kautki
Mohini Toor
Lakha Lehri
Balwinder Bullet
Rabab Kaur
Mintu Kapa
Production
Principal photography of the film began on 16 October 2019 and was wrapped on 19 December 2019. Tania visited the village before principal photography began to get into her character.
Soundtrack
Soundtrack of the film was composed by B Praak whereas lyrics were penned by Jaani. "Qabool A" song from the film was ranked in Asian Music chart by OCC.
Track List
Release and marketing
The film was released on 14 February 2020 on the occasion of Valentine's Day. First look poster of the film was released on 2 December 2019 followed by another poster on 8 January 2020, featuring Ammy Virk and Tania in it. First song from the film is releasing on 12 January 2020.
Reception
Box office
In its opening weekend, Sufna grossed ₹46.68 lacs in United States, ₹1.94 crore in Canada, ₹38.87 lacs in United Kingdom, ₹37.26 lacs in Australia, and ₹11.44 lacs in New Zealand. After 10 days of its release, the film grossed ₹1.26 crore in United States, ₹5.17 crore in Canada, ₹80.56 lacs in United Kingdom, ₹96.02 lacs in Australia, and ₹25.81 lacs in New Zealand. As of 23 February 2020, the film has collected 13.70 Crore Worldwide.
Critical reception
Manpriya Singh of The Tribune gave three and a half star out of five. Gautam Batra of Koimoi gave four stars out of five. Sukhpreet Kahlon of Cinestaan gave three stars out of four. Gurlove Singh of BookMyShow said "Sufna is the perfect Valentine’s Day gift for your lover that comes with a sweet love story narrated in the simplest manner and portrayed by supremely talented Ammy Virk and Tania".
References
External links
Sufna on AlphaPunjabi
Category:Upcoming Punjabi-language films
Category:Indian films
Category:Indian romance films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Brother Jim
James Gilles (born 1962), better known as Jim Gilles or more commonly Brother Jim, is an American evangelist whose ministry is concentrated on college campuses and outdoor events. He has preached on over 335 college and University campuses in 49 states and 6 countries. He has been engaged in several civil rights lawsuits challenging university and city attempts to stop or limit his preaching.
Lawsuits and rallies
Jim Gilles became a born again Christian while attending a Van Halen concert in Evansville, Indiana on November 7, 1980. Singer David Lee Roth declared to the crowd of 13,000 that "Not even God can save your soul at a Van Halen Concert." This blasphemous statement was their introduction to their hit song "Runnin' with the Devil." As Van Halen performed "Runnin' with the Devil," Jim Gilles cried out for God to save his soul right there in the middle of the concert. That started his walk with the Lord Jesus Christ. His fundamentalist, Bible-believing Christian views frequently include preaching against the big four: drugs, sex, booze, and rock and roll. This creates no small stir on today's college campuses. Gilles has been arrested more than 30 times since 1982, while preaching, for various catch-all charges of disorderly conduct, disturbing the peace, loitering, unreasonable noise, and trespassing.
The first university that Jim Gilles sued was Virginia Tech. Jim Gilles started the suit pro se and ended up with ACLU attorney James Patrick Wiseman from Austin, Texas. Wiseman had just won a major sponsorship-only case against Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas. Virginia Tech was a pioneer in the overly restrictive and unconstitutional sponsorship-only policies. Sponsorship-only policies restrict free speech on college campuses unless the speaker is approved by a "recognized student organization or a faculty or staff member." The game is played by putting pressure upon the sponsoring organization to revoke sponsorship if the speaker is conservative.
"This welcome trend has been accelerated by states passing anti-free speech zone legislation inspired by model legislation authored by FIRE. As of December 2018, eleven states had enacted laws prohibiting these restrictive policies: Virginia, Missouri, Arizona, Kentucky, Colorado, Utah, North Carolina, Tennessee, Florida, Georgia, and Louisiana." https://www.thefire.org/issues/free-speech-zones/
Jim Gilles was also represented twice by John Reinstein, the ACLU Legal Director for Massachusetts. The matters stemmed from illegal arrests at both Bridgewater State University and Framingham State University. Once the two universities learned that John Reinstein was Gilles' attorney, they dropped all charges post haste.
The University of North Carolina, Greensboro paid Jim Gilles $10,000 plus attorney fees as a settlement for violating his civil rights. The city of Goshen Indiana also learned the hard way not to violate a citizen's civil rights. Murray State University changed their free speech policy after being sued by Jim Gilles. The city of Berea, KY also learned not to restrict Gilles' free speech.
Jim Gilles was arrested seven times in his hometown of Evansville, Indiana. Most of those arrests occurred in the 1980s. There was a back slid, Pentecostal, preacher's kid named Sergeant Jerry Paddock, along with his sidekick Steve Cain, who just about arrested Jim Gilles on sight. The first six charges were either beaten by Gilles or dropped by Prosecution. The seventh arrest was heard by a court administrator instead of a judge. The Judges were at a convention in Indianapolis, IN. The court administrator found Gilles guilty of "Unreasonable Noise" while he was preaching during a "Bierstube." A Bierstube is a drunken beer party with two or three beer trucks and a live band. This Bierstube took place outside of the Old Court House, in vacant downtown Evansville, at around 10:30pm, on a weekend night. Gilles would preach between songs so that he could be heard. Gilles' attorneys encouraged him to appeal the decision pro se. Gilles did and received a split written decision on his first appeal in the Indiana Court of Appeals. Gilles appealed all of the way to the United States Supreme Court, where it was put on the docket. The Supremes denied cert. Gilles later learned of the same court administrator's arrest for cocaine possession not too long after he found Gilles guilty of "Unreasonable Noise" for preaching.
Jim Gilles was arrested twice by Sergeant Greg Davis at Indiana University of Pennsylvania in Indiana, PA. On the first arrest, Gilles represented himself and beat the University's charges. On the second arrest, Gilles had an attorney help him to beat the University. Then Gilles sued the University of Indiana Pennsylvania in Federal Court.
Jim Gilles was arrested twice at Northeastern Oklahoma State University in Tahlequah, OK. Gilles represented himself in a day-long jury trial, and jury declared him "not guilty."
In 2002, Gilles challenged Miami University, which had violated his First Amendment Rights by creating a policy that required all speakers to first secure sponsorship from a campus organization. The case was dismissed by a district court, then reinstated and remanded on appeal on the grounds that the district court should have investigated the fairness of the policy.
In 2004, Gilles filed a federal lawsuit challenging Xavier University. Xavier University told Gilles that they owned the city sidewalk where Gilles was preaching. Xavier University lost that case and paid Gilles' attorney fees. He had also sued Vincennes University to be allowed to speak in front of the library. In 2007, Gilles and the Alliance Defense Fund appealed the 6th Circuit Court Ruling to the US Supreme Court but were denied certiorari.
In 2006, Gilles filed a federal lawsuit against Murray State University, alleging that Murray State deprived him of his rights to free speech when he was told that he would have to stop preaching until he secured sponsorship from a campus organization. Gilles contended that he had frequented Murray State since the 1980s and it never before required a sponsor. Gilles lost the lawsuit when the court ruled Murray State's speech policy requiring speakers to obtain on-campus sponsors is legal. However, he reached a settlement to be allowed to speak on the Murray State campus in November 2007.
In August 2016, Gilles and several others went to Cleveland, Ohio for the 2016 GOP convention.
In November 2016, Jim Gilles stirred up the University of Oklahoma President, David Boren so much, that President Boren actually left his office and marched outside of Dale Hall, to where Jim Gilles was preaching to a very large crowd of students. OU President, David Boren, had a bull horn in his hand and shouted typical liberal Democrat talking points at Jim Gilles. You can see the OU President, David Boren so mad that he is literally shaking all over. Boren has since been accused of sexual assaults from several male staffers while he was President of OU.
References
Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Evansville, Indiana
Category:Campus preachers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
L'allenatore nel pallone
L'allenatore nel pallone (also known as Trainer on the Beach) is a 1984 Italian comedy film directed by Sergio Martino. The film was a box office success and achieved a large cult status in Italy, mainly thanks to the many cameo appearances by soccer players, coaches and journalists. The film had a sequel in 2008, L'allenatore nel pallone 2.
Plot summary
Oronzo Canà, a down-on-his-luck manager with a far from stellar résumé, is hired as the coach of a small football team in northern Italy, called "Lombard" ("Longobarda"), which have just secured a spot in the prestigious Serie A.
The decision is met with justified skepticism by the media, who mercilessly make fun of Canà after a run of poor results, including a 5-1 defeat against Roma and a 7-0 defeat against Milan.
Oronzo is still optimistic about his chances, but it soon turns out the club's owner isn't willing to invest money to strengthen the team, as his plan is to get relegated to Serie B right away and he felt Canà was the ideal fall guy.
Poor Oronzo is upset, but not ready to give up. He goes to Brazil with a friend of him (Andrea Roncato), a notorious swindler who passes himself as a talent scout/agent, in search of a good player. After having been promised some well-known Brazilian stars, Oronzo has to settle for Aristoteles, a young unknown they found playing on a dusty pitch for a minor team, and he takes him to Italy.
The young guy soon begins to show his great talent and Longobarda suddenly have a chance to actually avoid relegation. However his teammates, who are in cahoots with the owner, are hostile toward Aristoteles. Just before the final matchday, the chairman issues an ultimatum to Oronzo: "don't play Aristoteles, lose the final game of the season against Atalanta and get the team relegated to secure yourself a fat contract for next season".
Canà is torn, but accepts the offer. Late in the game, however, encouraged by his daughter (whose love has helped Aristoteles to win saudade and to establish himself as a lethal forward), Oronzo takes off one of the corrupt players for his striker. With only minutes to go, Aristoteles scores twice to give Longobarda a decisive win to survive.
In the closing scene of joy, Canà is hailed by the fans as a hero, but the chairman fires him on the spot. To his "you're fired!" line, Oronzo replies "and you're a cuckhold", informing his former employer his young and beautiful wife had been sleeping with some of his dressing-room allies, adding insult to injury.
Cast
Lino Banfi: Oronzo Canà
Licinia Lentini: la signora Borlotti
Camillo Milli: il presidente Borlotti
Giuliana Calandra: Mara Canà
: Michelina Canà
Franco Caracciolo: Ceretti
Andrea Roncato: Andrea Bergonzoni
Gigi Sammarchi: Giginho
: Speroni
: Aristoteles
Nils Liedholm: himself
Giancarlo De Sisti: himself
Roberto Pruzzo: himself
Francesco Graziani: himself
Carlo Ancelotti: himself
Odoacre Chierico: himself
Oscar Damiani: himself
Luciano Spinosi: himself
Roberto Scarnecchia: himself
Zico: himself
Sergio Santarini: himself
: himself
: himself
Giampiero Galeazzi: himself
Aldo Biscardi: himself
: himself
Gianfranco Giubilo: himself
Gila Golan: Florentia Garcia di Falcao della Madonna Incoronata
Gino Pagnani: Socrates Abelardo Torres do Nascimento
References
External links
Category:1984 films
Category:Italian sports comedy films
Category:1980s sports comedy films
Category:Films directed by Sergio Martino
Category:Italian films
Category:Italian association football films
Category:Films scored by Guido & Maurizio De Angelis | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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AMW
AMW may refer to:
America's Most Wanted
America's Most Wanted (professional wrestling)
A Moment's Worth, an American rock band from The Bronx, New York
Arab Media Watch, a UK media watchdog organisation
ASCII Media Works
Asia MotorWorks, a Heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer in India | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Nallı Masjid
Nallı Masjid (), also known as İmam Ali Mescidi or Babıali Mescidi, is a historic small mosque located in cağaloğlu quarter of Istanbul's Fatih district.
The mosque is situated at Ankara Street northwest of the historic Sublime Porte building, which is the Istanbul Governor's Office today, at Cağaloğlu quarter of Fatih district of old Istanbul, Turkey.
History
It was built by İmam Ali Efendi, a relative of Ottoman religious scholar, poet and mystic saint Akshamsaddin (1389–1459) during the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (reigned 1444–1446, 1451–1481) in the 15th century. Originally, the mosque was situated within the yard of the Sublime Porte Building with one side on Ankara Street. It came to appearance when the traffic on the Ankara Street became limited due to the construction of Marmaray. İmam Ali Efendi's grave is found behind the close Cevdet Pasha Library building. It was turned into a mosque after Grand vizier Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha's (1689–1758) brother Feyzullah Efendi built a minbar. The building burnt down during the Fire of Sublime Porte () in the 1800s. According to the inscription calligraphed by Mustafa İzzet Efendi, the mosque was rebuilt in 1869. A second inscription by Sami Efendi states its restoration in 1902.
Architecture
The mosque is designed in eclectic architectural style and some details are used which are normally seen in the Indian and Iranian architecture. It is painted today in red and white, although the original color was yellow and beige. It has a square-plan of dimensions. It has one dome sitting on an octagonal haunch. The mosque's only minaret was built in ashlar, and has one balcony.
The mosque takes its name "Nallı" (literally: horseshoe) from reliefs of horseshoe figures found on the minaret.
References
Category:Ottoman mosques in Istanbul
Category:Fatih
Category:Mosques completed in 1869
Category:1869 establishments in the Ottoman Empire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Pectodens
Pectodens (meaning "comb tooth") is an extinct genus of archosauromorph reptile which lived during the Middle Triassic in China. The type and only species of the genus is P. zhenyuensis, named by Chun Li and colleagues in 2017. It may be a member of the Protorosauria; an unusual combination of traits similar (such as the long neck) and dissimilar (such as the absence of a hook on the fifth metatarsal bone) to other members causes Pectodens to elude exact classification.
A small, slender animal measuring long, Pectodens was named after the peculiar comb-like arrangement of long, conical teeth present in its mouth. Unlike Dinocephalosaurus and the other reptiles that it was preserved with, well-developed joints and claw-like digits indicate that Pectodens was entirely terrestrial. However, its presence in marine deposits suggests that lived relatively close to the coastline.
Description
Pectodens is a small animal with a slender build, measuring roughly long. The skull measures long, while the lower jaw was probably long when complete. Uniquely, numerous conical teeth in the jaws of Pectodens form a comb-like structure. These teeth have weakly-developed broad enamel ridges. There are 10 teeth in each premaxilla at the front of the jaw, and at least 24 more on the maxilla further back. There are also teeth on the palate, with at least 15 being present on the pterygoid bone. Additionally, the eye socket is very large, measuring long, although this may be due to the animal's immaturity. Meanwhile, the rear (temporal) region of the skull is quite short.
The neck and tail of Pectodens were long, with the former being the same length as the torso. In life, it had 66 to 68 vertebrae, with 11-12 cervical vertebrae, 11-13 dorsal vertebrae, 2 sacral vertebrae, and 41 caudal vertebrae in the tail. The cervicals have low neural spines, like Tanystropheus. The cervical ribs are generally also long, having short forward processes and long rear processes that bridge two to three vertebral joints each. Meanwhile, the transverse processes of the dorsals are characteristically long and pronounced, terminating in sub-circular facet joints for the rounded heads of the ribs. Also like Tanystropheus, the transverse processes of the tail become gradually reduced alongside the forward processes of the chevrons, disappearing by the 35th caudal vertebra.
Like Tanystropheus and Macrocnemus, the scapula is low. The long bones of the forelimbs have expanded and robust top ends; the deltopectoral crest on the humerus is also rather prominent. The humerus is longer than the ulna and radius, while the tibia and fibula are conversely slightly longer than the femur. An empty gap in the wrist suggests that not all of the wrist bones were ossified; the distal tarsals also appear to be missing from the ankle, but the remaining bones articulate directly with the foot. Unusually, there is no "hook" on the fifth metatarsal bone, unlike Tanystropheus. The hands and feet each have five digits, with the five digits respectively having 2, 3, 4, 5, and 4 phalanges (although there may only be 3 in the fifth digits of the hands).
Discovery and naming
Pectodens is known from one specimen, consisting of a well-preserved and almost complete skeleton. The fossil is preserved on two separate blocks that broke cleanly, but details of the pelvis were lost in the process. Additionally, the left femur is missing, as is part of one cervical. The specimen is catalogued as IVPP V18578, being stored in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, China. It was described by Chun Li, Nicholas Fraser,
Olivier Rieppel, Li-Jun Zhao, and Li-Ting Wang in a 2017 research paper published in the Journal of Paleontology.
The specimen itself was found in Luoping County in Yunnan, China. It is part of the "Panxian-Luoping fauna", a faunal assemblage which is part of Member II of the Anisian (Middle Triassic) Guanling Formation. Conodont biostratigraphy (based on the presence of Nicoraella kockeli) and radiometric dating have dated the assemblage in Luoping to 244 million years old. Predominant deposits in Member II of the Guanling Formation consist of grey layers of marly limestone and limestone.
In their 2017 description of IVPP V18578, Li and colleagues named the new genus Pectodens, from Latin pecto- ("comb") and dens ("tooth"), in reference to the animal's characteristic comb-like arrangement of elongated teeth. They also named the type species Pectodens zhenyuensis after Zhenyu Li, who had assisted with the collection of the specimen.
Classification
The classification of Pectodens is complicated by the presence of both characteristics similar to the Protorosauria as well as characteristics which would be expected in more basal archosauromorphs. Like Tanystropheus, Macrocnemus, and other protorosaurs, the cervicals are long with low neural spines, and bear cervical ribs that bridge multiple joints. These same characteristics previously allowed Li, Fraser, and Rieppel to assign Dinocephalosaurus to the Protorosauria. Yet, in Pectodens, the puboischiadic plate (formed from the pubis and ischium) does not appear to bear a perforation known as the thyroid fenestra, the astragalus and calcaneum of the ankle are simple and rounded, and the fifth metatarsal is not hooked.
Poor preservation in some regions also hampered the classification of Pectodens. The blocks containing the type specimen had split through the puboischiadic plate, for instance; the neural spines of the dorsals are also not visible, which means that they cannot be compared with those of the Tanystropheidae (which are tall and elongated). Also related is the uncertainty in the number of phalanges in the fifth digit of the hand; most protorosaurs have three, while Pectodens may have three or four depending on whether a breakage is interpreted as obscuring one single phalanx or two overlapping phalanges. Considering all of this uncertainty, Li and colleagues thus tentatively considered Pectodens a protorosaur.
Paleobiology
Judging by the slender limbs with robust joints and claw-tipped elongate digits, Pectodens was most likely an entirely terrestrial animal. It exhibits no adaptations for an aquatic lifestyle, unlike other archosauromorphs in the Panxian-Luoping biota (the amphibious Qianosuchus, for instance, or the marine Dinocephalosaurus).
Paleoecology
Pectodens on the land surrounding a shallow sea that covered much of southern China during the Middle Triassic. Four major landmasses were present in this region, which had been formed by a mountain-building event known as the Indosinian orogeny: Khamdian to the west, Jiangnan occupying a central position, Yunkai to the south, and Cathaysia to the east. The Lagerstätten of Panxian and Luoping were laid down as fossil-bearing sediments on the western edge of an oceanic basin located between Khamdian and Jiangnan, known as the Nanpanjiang Basin. All of these geological features are part of the South China Block, a tectonic plate presently composed of the Yangtze Craton and the South China Fold Belt.
Although Pectodens was fully terrestrial, it was preserved alongside the other fauna of Luoping within a small oceanic intraplatform basin, in which preservation was facilitated by the presence of anoxic sediments. Reptiles, including Dinocephalosaurus alongside Mixosaurus cf. panxianensis, Dianopachysaurus dingi, Sinosaurosphargis yunguiensis, and an archosaur, constitute the minority of fossils, constituting 0.07% of 19,759 specimens found at Luoping. By comparison, 93.7% of Luoping's fossils are arthropods, including decapods, isopods, cycloids, mysidaceans, clam shrimp, ostracods, millipedes, and horseshoe crabs. Fish consist of 25 taxa in 9 families and form 3.66% of fossil specimens, including saurichthyids, palaeoniscids, birgeriids, perleidids, eugnathids, semionotids, pholidopleurids, peltopleurids, and coelacanths. Molluscs, including bivalves and gastropods account for 1.69% alongside ammonoids and belemnoids. Echinoderms such as crinoids, starfish, and sea urchins, as well as branchiopods, are rare, and probably did not originate from local waters. Branches and leaves from conifers have also been found, representing coastal forests located less than away from the intraplatform basin. The proximity of the shoreline to this basin is supported by the occurrence of Pectodens.
References
External links
A Natural History Museum of Scotland press release focusing on Pectodens
A closer picture of the holotype skeleton, published by novataxa@blogspot
Category:Middle Triassic archosauromorphs
Category:Middle Triassic reptiles of Asia
Category:Fossil taxa described in 2017 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Metallolophia vitticosta
Metallolophia vitticosta is a moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found on Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo. The habitat consists of lowland forests and lower montane forests.
Adults are uniform brown with a pale zone along the forewing costa.
References
Category:Moths described in 1860
Category:Pseudoterpnini | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dog's Breakfast
Dog's Breakfast may refer to:
Music
Dog's Breakfast, a 1999 EP by the Sick Puppies
Film
"Dog's Breakfast", a Canadian comedy independent film produced in 2006 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Giovanni Priuli
Giovanni Priuli (or Prioli, ca. 1575–1626) was an Italian composer and organist of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. A late member of the Venetian School, and a contemporary of Claudio Monteverdi, he was a prominent musician in Venice in the first decade of the 17th century, departing after the death of his associate Giovanni Gabrieli and ending his career at the Habsburg court in Austria. His music straddled the dividing-line between Renaissance and Baroque idioms.
Life
Little is known of Priuli's early life except that he was born in Venice around 1575. Information about the first twenty-five years of his life is lacking. Beginning in 1600, he was a close associate of Gabrieli, and it is presumed he may have been his student; the two were associated for the duration of Priuli's Venetian career. When Priuli is first mentioned in the records of St. Mark's, he was already an experienced musician, being hired as assistant organist to Gabrieli on several occasions between 1600 and 1605. In May 1607 he received a more permanent position as deputy organist; prior to that, the payment records indicated that his hires were for single engagements. Since St. Mark's had two regular organists, the deputy filled in for special occasions, and also when one of the two principal organists was either traveling or ill. The first organist through most of the period was Paolo Giusto, while Gabrieli was second organist.
In addition to his duties at St. Mark's, the most prestigious musical establishment in Venice, Priuli worked as an organist at the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, a confraternity whose musical opulence was second only to that of St. Mark's. Dates for his employment at San Rocco commence in 1609, and while it is not known if his employment was continuous for the next several years, he oversaw the musical events surrounding the feast of Saint Roch, the patron saint of the confraternity, which took place on 16 August 1612, only four days after the death of Gabrieli.
Sometime around 1614 or 1615 he left Venice to pursue a career at the Habsburg court in Austria. He became Hofkapellmeister to Archduke Ferdinand (1619); on Ferdinand's accession to the imperial throne he went with him to Vienna to serve as Hofkapellmeister there. He died in Neunkirchen in Lower Austria.
Music
Priuli wrote both sacred and secular music, in both conservative and progressive styles, including the Venetian polychoral style; he was one of the composers who imported it to German-speaking lands. His music includes a cappella vocal music, voices with instruments, and some purely instrumental music. From the publication dates of his collections, he seems to have composed most of his sacred music and instrumental music in the service of the Habsburgs, and likely wrote much of his secular music – particularly the Italian madrigals, as might be expected – while he was in Venice.
His madrigals, which include probably the earliest part of his output, are significant in that they show the change from the Renaissance prima prattica style of balanced a cappella vocal polyphony in the first two books to the Baroque concertato and monodic style in the third. In this third book, he includes music that can be performed either by voices only, or voices and instruments; and he also includes a basso continuo, which evolves from a mere duplication of the bass line in some of the pieces, to an independent part over which solos, duets, and other ensembles perform, often in an antiphonal style.
Priuli's sacred music includes masses, motets, and sacred monodies. His masses include examples in the already archaic stile antico of the 16th century, akin to the music of Palestrina, as well as others in the developing concertato style which helped define the beginning of the Baroque era. His motets and monodies are in general more progressive, having features in common with other early Baroque composers influenced by the Venetians.
Priuli's instrumental music, such as the pieces in the two collections entitled Sacrorum concentuum, 1618 and 1619, is akin to the music of Gabrieli. The number of parts ranges from five to twelve; some of the pieces use echo effects reminiscent of the repertory of the composers working in St. Mark's, where that style first developed. All of these works were intended for use in church.
References and further reading
Jerome Roche/Steven Saunders, "Giovanni Priuli", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed May 19, 2008), (subscription access)
Giulio Ongaro/Eleanor Selfridge-Field, "Venice", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed May 19, 2008), (subscription access)
James Haar, Anthony Newcomb, Massimo Ossi, Glenn Watkins, Nigel Fortune, Joseph Kerman, Jerome Roche: "Madrigal", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed May 19, 2008), (subscription access)
James Haar, Anthony Newcomb, Glenn Watkins, Nigel Fortune, Joseph Kerman, Jerome Roche: "Madrigal", in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.
Allan W. Atlas, Renaissance Music: Music in Western Europe, 1400–1600. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1998.
Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954.
Alfred Einstein, The Italian Madrigal. Three volumes. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1949.
Giovanni Priuli, "Instrumentalkanzonen" [2 volumes]. Herausgegeben von Ernst Hilmar. Graz : Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1970
Notes
External links
Category:1570s births
Category:1626 deaths
Category:Renaissance composers
Category:Italian Baroque composers
Category:Italian male classical composers
Category:Venetian School (music) composers
Category:Madrigal composers
Category:Seicento composers
Giovanni | {
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} |
2006 Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council election
Elections to Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council were held on 4 May 2006. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party lost overall control of the council to no overall control.
After the election, the composition of the council was
Labour 18
Conservative 17
Independent 2
People's Party 1
Election result
Ward results
References
2006 Barrow-in-Furness election result
Ward results
Category:2006 English local elections
2006
Category:2000s in Cumbria | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Listen to Me
Listen to Me may refer to:
Listen to Me (film), 1989 American drama film
Listen to Me (album), 1991 album by Prudence Liew
Listen to Me (The Hollies song), 1968 song by The Hollies
Listen to Me, 1957 song by Buddy Holly, B-side to I'm Gonna Love You Too
See also
Listen to Me: Buddy Holly, 2011 tribute album | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Block Tower
Block Tower is a () mountain located in the southern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Block Tower is on the west side of the Cirque of the Towers, a popular climbing area and is just northwest of Watch Tower and immediately south of the peak known as Sharks Nose. Block Tower is situated on the Continental Divide.
Hazards
Encountering bears is a concern in the Wind River Range. There are other concerns as well, including bugs, wildfires, adverse snow conditions and nighttime cold temperatures.
Importantly, there have been notable incidents, including accidental deaths, due to falls from steep cliffs (a misstep could be fatal in this class 4/5 terrain) and due to falling rocks, over the years, including 1993, 2007 (involving an experienced NOLS leader), 2015 and 2018. Other incidents include a seriously injured backpacker being airlifted near SquareTop Mountain in 2005, and a fatal hiker incident (from an apparent accidental fall) in 2006 that involved state search and rescue. The U.S. Forest Service does not offer updated aggregated records on the official number of fatalities in the Wind River Range.
References
Category:Mountains of Wyoming
Category:Mountains of Fremont County, Wyoming
Category:Mountains of Sublette County, Wyoming
Category:Bridger-Teton National Forest
Category:Shoshone National Forest | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Katesgrove
Katesgrove is an inner-town district near the centre of the town of Reading in the English county of Berkshire and ward of the Borough of Reading, in the English county of Berkshire. It is bounded on the north by the Inner Distribution Road and Reading town centre, on the east by Sidmouth Street, London Road, Kendrick Road and Northumberland Avenue, on the west Coley Park and Southcote, on the south by Long Barn Lane and Rose Kiln Lane and on the west by the River Kennet.
Electoral ward
Katesgrove ward is bordered by Abbey, Redlands, Church, Whitley and Minster wards and forms part of the Reading East parliamentary constituency.
Katesgrove elects three councillors to the unitary Reading Borough Council, with each elected in separate years for a four-year term. Traditionally an area of strength for the Labour Party, the 2000s witnessed a surge in votes for the Liberal Democrats, resulting in 2007 with the election of Gareth Epps, the constituency's 2010 candidate who achieved second place in that election - culminating in 2010 with all Katesgrove councillors being Liberal Democrats. However, the 2011 council election saw Labour candidate Matt Rodda elected, who is now MP for Reading East. As of 2018, the councillors are Sophia James, Rose Williams, and Liam Challenger of the Labour Party.
One of Katesgrove's councillors was Labour's David Sutton: leader of the council for thirteen years before his defeat by a Liberal Democrat, Warren Swaine in 2008.
Notable people
Fred Potts VC, holder of the Victoria Cross.
See also
Reading, Berkshire
East Reading
References
External links
Katesgrove Community Association
Category:Places in Greater Reading
Category:Suburbs of Reading, Berkshire
Category:Wards of Reading | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Nate Taylor
Nate Taylor is an American filmmaker based in New York City. Taylor is son of documentary director Eric Taylor and contemporary artist Sali Taylor.
Career
Nathan Bauman Taylor began his professional film career as a production assistant at the age of sixteen. Over the next six years he worked a variety of roles on-set, ranging from extra to dolly grip, until he ended up landing a job at the NYC-based commercial post-production house Crew Cuts. He remained at Crew Cuts for 12 years, where he edited numerous national television commercials for the likes of Pepsi, Verizon, GE and Saturday Night Live. In addition to a large body of commercial work, Taylor has edited a number of long form pieces, including music videos, short films, and worked on the independent feature, Kissing Jessica Stein (directed by Charlie Herman-Wurmfeld).
Showcasing the film-making talents he refined while working in post-production, Taylor started directing short works in 2003, including viral web videos, spec commercials, indie music videos, and a short film. In 2008 he directed a machinima parody entitled MMOvie. Created using the World of Warcraft game engine the short was a massive online success, garnering over 3 million hits internationally and receiving nominations for a 2008 Webby Award and a Golden Trailer Award. The project also got the notice of Austria filmmaker Daniel Moshel, who featured Taylor and his team in a documentary about the virtual world titled Login 2 Life.
In 2012 Taylor completed his first full-length feature film, Forgetting the Girl, an adaptation of a short story of the same title written by Peter Moore Smith. On March 2, it had its world premiere at the 2012 Cinequest film festival. Critics praised Taylor for showing "great skill and confidence in the direction" and delivering a film which was "twisted and brilliant" and "disturbingly beautiful". The film will be distributed in North America by Film Movement in October 2013.
Video art
Taylor is also a VJ performing under the name Full Stealth. As VJ Full Stealth he performs live, improvisational video art with bands and DJs. His largest show was a nine-hour set in the House Tent at the 2007 [Ultra Music Festival] in Miami, Florida.
References
External links
Official Nate Taylor Homepage
Official Forgetting the Girl Website
Nate Taylor's Flickr Photostream
Nate Taylor at Kyle Edit
Category:American film directors
Category:1976 births
Category:Living people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Gamecock (film)
The Gamecock () is a 1974 Italian comedy film directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile. It is based on the comedy play Neurotandem (1968) by Silvano Ambrogi.
Plot
Cast
Sydne Rome as Elena
Antonio Salines as Carlo Amatriciani
Roberto Antonelli as Chimico
Paolo Gozlino as Doctor
Toni Ucci as Friar
Marisa Bartoli as Veronica
Vincenzo Crocitti as Padrone di Elena
See also
List of Italian films of 1974
References
External links
Category:1974 films
Category:Italian films
Category:Italian comedy films
Category:1970s comedy films
Category:Films directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile
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Kim Ok-cheol
Kim Okcheol (김옥철, or ; born ) is a South Korean road and track cyclist. He won the bronze medal in the team pursuit at the 2016 Asian Cycling Championships.
Major results
2015
1st Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
2nd Road race, National Road Championships
4th Overall Jelajah Malaysia
1st Young rider classification
4th Overall Tour of Thailand
2016
1st Stage 6 Tour of Thailand
1st Stage 2 Tour of Fuzhou
6th Road race, Asian Cycling Championships
2017
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
6th Overall Tour of Thailand
References
External links
Profile at cyclingarchives.com
Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:South Korean track cyclists
Category:South Korean male cyclists
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic cyclists of South Korea
Category:Asian Games medalists in cycling
Category:Cyclists at the 2018 Asian Games
Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
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Class CNBC
Class CNBC (formerly CFN/CNBC) is an Italian pay television channel, working as a localised version of CNBC Europe, albeit with a major focus on the Italian financial markets. The channel is headquartered in Milan, site of the Borsa Italiana, and is a joint venture between the publishing house Class Editori, which holds a majority stake, along with NBC Universal (owner of CNBC Europe) and Italy's largest commercial television company Mediaset, who hold 20% of the channel each. The channel broadcasts for sixteen hours per day, covering trading in Europe, Asia and the United States and it has correspondents in other countries, such as at CNBC Europe in London. Class CNBC uses the current on-air graphical look of CNBC Europe, but it has used the same ticker since the launch of the channel. The director is Andrea Cabrini.
Partnerships
CNBC Europe uses the reporters of Class CNBC for its coverage of the Italian markets. In addition, Class CNBC is contracted to provide business news updates for the news bulletins of the Italian networks La7 and Canale 5.
Class CNBC is also rebroadcast on Mediolanum Channel, the TV channel owned by Banca Mediolanum.
See also
Class CNBC Ticker
Class News
References
External links
Official website
Live Streaming
CNBC Live Stream
Category:Mediaset television channels
Category:CNBC global channels
Category:Class CNBC
Category:Class Editori
Category:Italian-language television stations
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2000
Category:Media in Milan
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Holloway Terrace, Delaware
Holloway Terrace is an unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. Holloway Terrace is located on the outskirts of the city of Wilmington along Delaware Route 9 and Interstate 295 southwest of the Port of Wilmington.
History
The residents formed the Holloway Terrace Civic Association and Volunteer Fire Company No. 1 on September 20, 1921 to provide representation and protection for the community.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in New Castle County, Delaware
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HMS Dart
Nine ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Dart, after the River Dart in Devon:
was a 28-gun sloop-of-war launched in 1796 and broken up in 1809.
was an 8-gun lugger, previously the British privateer Dart, built in 1796, captured by the French in 1798, recaptured from the French by in 1803, and sold in 1808.
was a 10-gun cutter, the mercantile Belerina or Ballerina, which had been building at Mevagissey in 1809; the Royal Navy purchased her in 1810 and she was lost at sea in between October and December 1813.
was a 3-gun launched in 1847, converted to a coastguard vessel and renamed WV.26 in 1863 and broken up in 1875.
was a wooden launched in 1860. She was renamed HMS Kangaroo in 1882 and broken up in 1884.
was the ex-colonial yacht Cruiser, transferred in 1882, lent to the New South Wales government in 1904 and sold in 1912.
, a PC-class sloop launched in 1918, was renamed HMS Dart in 1925. She was sold for breaking in 1938.
HMS Dart was the original name of the , launched in 1941, transferred to the Belgian forces in exile in 1942 and scrapped in 1947.
was a launched in 1942 and sold for breaking in 1956.
References
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Busto de Bureba
Busto de Bureba is a municipality and town located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 216 inhabitants.
Category:Municipalities in the Province of Burgos
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Cundinamarca Department (1820)
Cundinamarca was one of the three departments of Gran Colombia until 1824.
Overview
In the South-West it bordered the Department of Quito, in the East the Department of Venezuela
From 1824 onward the name was used for the Department of Cundinamarca of the Centro District of Gran Colombia.
See also
Cundinamarca Department (1824)
Cundinamarca Department
References
Category:Departments of Gran Colombia
Category:1820 establishments in Gran Colombia
Category:1824 disestablishments in Gran Colombia
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Farum station
Farum station is the terminus of the Hareskovbanen radial of the S-train network around Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located about 1 km east of the old village Farum, but is the center of the modern Farum, which has grown up around the station.
History
The station opened in 1906 as an intermediate station on the Copenhagen-Slangerup railway. The line between Farum and Slangerup closed in 1954. The station was remodeled completely prior to the line's conversion to S-trains in 1977.
References
External links
Category:Copenhagen S-train stations
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Lillard Mill, Tennessee
Lillard Mill is an extinct town in Marshall County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The GNIS classifies it as a populated place.
History
A variant name was "Lillards Mills". The community once had Lilliard's Mill, a gristmill. A post office called Lillard's Mill was established in 1866, and remained in operation until 1914.
References
Category:Ghost towns in Tennessee
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Baal Shem Tov
Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer (born circa 1698, died 21 May 1760), known as the Baal Shem Tov (, ) or as the BeShT, was a Jewish mystic and healer, who is regarded as the founder of Hasidic Judaism. "Besht" is the acronym for Baal Shem Tov, which means "Master of the Good Name" or "one with a good reputation".
The little biographical information about the Besht comes from oral traditions handed down by his students (Jacob Joseph of Polonne and others) and from the legendary tales about his life and behavior collected in Shivḥei ha-Besht (In Praise of the Ba'al Shem Tov; Kapust and Berdychiv, 1814–15).
A central tenet in the Baal Shem Tov's teaching is the direct connection with the divine, "dvekut", which is infused in every human activity and every waking hour. Prayer is of supreme importance, along with the mystical significance of Hebrew letters and words. His innovation lies in "encouraging worshipers to follow their distracting thoughts to their roots in the divine". Those who follow his teachings regard him as descended from the Davidic line that traces its lineage to the royal house of David.
Biography
Early years
Yisroel (Israel) was born to poor parents Eliezer and Sarah in a settlement near Okopy Świętej Trójcy, a newly built fortress close to Kameniec in West Ukraine, where Zbruch connects with Dniester. Today, Okopy is a village in the Borschiv Raion (district) of the Ternopil Oblast.
He died in Medzhybizh (, , ), which was part of Poland and today is situated in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (Ukraine) (not to be confused with other cities of the same name).
In 1703, Israel became an orphan, and was adopted by the Jewish community of Tluste (near Zalischyky). It is reported that, after the conclusion of his studies at the local cheder (Jewish elementary school), he would often wander into the fields and forests that surrounded the village. In 1710, he finished cheder and became an assistant to a melamed (instructor in cheder). Sometime in 1712 Israel became a shammash (sexton) of the local synagogue.
He was hired as a teacher's assistant in the cheders of the small villages through which they passed. He later related that he took great pleasure in accompanying the children to and from school, using this opportunity to recite prayers with them and tell them Torah stories. The Mezritcher Maggid, the Baal Shem Tov's successor, would later say, "If only we kissed a Torah scroll with the same love that my master [the Baal Shem Tov] kissed the children when he took them to cheder as a teacher's assistant!"
According to Hasidic legend, the Baal Shem Tov would have visions in which the prophet Achiya Hashiloni would appear to him. In 1716 the Baal Shem Tov married, but soon his wife died and he went on traveling throughout Eastern Galicia. After serving for a long time as helper in various small communities of West Ukraine, he settled as a melamed at Tluste.
The Besht was introduced to Kabbalah by Rabbi Adam Baal Shem of Ropczyce () who was a disciple of Rabbi Yoel Baal Shem (I) of Zamość (), the successor of Rabbi Eliyahu Baal Shem of Worms ().
The Besht became the leader of this movement at the age of 18. Caring for the Jewish poor, the group of Tzadikim encouraged Jews to move to agrarian lifestyles as alternatives to the chronic poverty of city Jews. In continuation of this policy they decided that they needed to look after the educational needs of the children living in small farm communities. If a suitable teacher could not be sourced they themselves would provide one, and therefore the Baal Shem Tov became a teacher's assistant. He later commented "The most joyous time in my life was teaching the small children how to say Modeh Ani, Shema Yisrael and Kametz Alef Ah".
He was chosen by people conducting suits against each other to act as their arbitrator and mediator. His services were brought into frequent requisition because the Jews had their own civil courts in Poland. He is said to have made such an impression on Ephraim of Brody that the latter promised the Besht his daughter Chana in marriage. The man died, however, without telling his daughter of her betrothal; but when she heard of her father's wishes, she agreed to comply with them.
After their marriage the couple moved to a village in the Carpathians between Kuty and Kassowa, where their only income was from his work digging clay and lime, which his wife delivered to surrounding villages. The couple had two children: Udl (born in 1720) and Zvi Hersh.
Leadership
The Besht later took a position as a shohet (ritual butcher) in Kshilowice, near Iaslowice, which he soon gave up in order to manage a village tavern that his brother-in-law bought for him. During the many years that he lived in the woods and came into contact with the peasants, he had learned how to use plants for healing purposes. In fact, his first appearance in public was that of an “ordinary” Baal Shem. He wrote amulets and prescribed cures.
After many trips in Podolia and Volhynia as a Baal Shem, Besht, considering his following large enough and his authority established, decided about 1740 to expound his teachings in the shtetl of Medzhybizh and people, mostly from the spiritual elite, came to listen to him. Medzhybizh became the seat of the movement and of the Medzybizh Hasidic dynasty. His following gradually increased, and with it the hostility of the Talmudists. Nevertheless, Besht was supported at the beginning of his career by two prominent Talmudists, the brothers Meïr (chief rabbi of Lemberg and later Ostroha, and author of Meir Netivim (a work of halachic responsa) and other works) and Isaac Dov Margalios. Later he won over recognized rabbinic authorities who became his disciples and attested to his scholarship. These include Rabbi Yaakov Yosef Hakohen, rabbi of Polnoy; Rabbi Dovid Halperin, rabbi of Ostroha; Rabbi Israel of Satinov, author of Tiferet Yisrael; Rabbi Yoseph Heilperin of Slosowitz; and Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezrich (AKA the Maggid of Mezritch). It is chiefly due to the later that Besht's doctrines (though in an essentially altered form) were introduced into learned Jewish religious circles.
Israel undertook journeys in which he is recorded as effecting cures, and expelling demons and evil spirits (shaydim). Later Hasidic tradition, however, downplayed the importance of these healing and magical practices, concentrating on his teachings, his charm, magnetism, and ecstatic personality.
Over the past few years, the "Agudas Ohalei Tzadikim" organization (based in Israel) has restored many graves of Tzadikim (Ohelim) in Ukraine, including the Baal Shem Tov's. A guesthouse and synagogue are located next to the Ohel of Baal Shem Tov, and the Baal Shem Tov's synagogue in the village proper has been painstakingly restored. Both synagogues are used by the many visitors from all over the world who come to pray near the Baal Shem Tov's grave.
Disputes with the Frankists
The Besht took sides with the Talmudists in their disputes against the Frankists (Jacob Frank's cultist movement which regarded Frank as the Messiah, modeled after Sabbatai Zevi.) After the mass conversion of the Frankists, the Baal Shem Tov allegedly said that as long as a diseased limb is connected with the body, there is hope that it may be saved; but, once amputated, it is gone, and there is no hope. It is alleged that he died out of grief that the Frankists left Judaism.
Legacy
Israel ben Eliezer left no books; for the Kabbalistic commentary on Psalm 107, ascribed to him (Zhitomir, 1804), Sefer mi-Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem-tov, may not be genuine. Therefore, the most reliable record of his teachings is in his utterances as recorded in the works of his disciples (Hasidim). Most are found in the works of Rabbi Jacob Joseph of Polnoy. But since Hasidism, immediately after the death of its founder, was divided into various parties, each claiming for itself the authority of Besht, the utmost of caution is necessary in judging as to the authenticity of utterances ascribed to Besht.
Some direct historical evidence remains of the Besht during the days he lived in Medzhybizh. Rosman discovered numerous legal documents that shed light on this period from the Polish Czartoryski noble family archives. The Besht's house is mentioned on several tax registers where it is recorded as having tax-free status. Several of the Besht's colleagues in his stories from Shivhei HaBesht also appear in Polish court records, notably, Ze'ev Wolf Kitzes and Dovid Purkes. Rosman contends that the Polish documents show the Besht and his followers were not outcasts or pariahs, but rather a respected part of mainstream Jewish communal life.
Other direct evidence includes the Besht's daily prayer-book (siddur, owned by the Agudas Chabad Library in New York) with his handwritten personal notes in the margins. His grave can be seen today in the old Jewish cemetery in Medzhybizh.
Chapin and Weinstock contend that the Besht was essentially the right person, in the right place, at the right time. 18th century Podolia was an ideal place to foster a sea-change in Jewish thinking. It had been depopulated one generation earlier due to the Khmelnitsky Massacres. A Turkish occupation of Podolia occurred within the Besht's lifetime and along with it the influence within this frontier territory of Sabbatai Zevi and his latter day spiritual descendants such as Malach and Jacob Frank. Once the Polish Magnates regained control from the Turks, Podolia went through an economic boom. The Magnates were benevolent to the economic benefits the Jews provided, and encouraged Jewish resettlement to help protect the frontier from future invasions. Thus, the Jewish community itself was essentially starting over. Within this context, the Jews of Podolia were open to new ideas. The Besht's refreshing new approaches to Judaism were welcome, expanding with little resistance in a community hungry for change.
In 2019, American funk quartet The Fearless Flyers released an instrumental single named "The Baal Shem Tov" in honor of the rabbi.
Practices
The Besht was a mystic who claimed to have achieved devekut (“adhesion”), meaning that his soul had reached the high level where he could "ascent" to heaven and speak with any soul in heaven that he wished to speak to (though his only recorded choice was of the Messiah, and only once), and intervene between humans and God. He had the ability to protect the Jewish community from plague and persecution. He did this through prayer.
According to a letter from the Besht's brother-in-law to the Besht himself—as interpreted by Moshe Rosman—the latter was a practitioner of prophecy, being able to see a messianic figure arrive in Jerusalem despite living far from the city; the brother-in-law claims to have inquired into the figure and discovered the Besht's vision to be true. This claim also supports the supposed belief that the Besht had the ability to see the souls of men, divining the messianic quality of the man despite only seeing him through a vision. Rosman also describes another letter written by the brother-in-law which claims that the Besht could travel to heaven and commune with God. This view is derived from a series of titles given to the Besht, attributing various religious achievements unto him such as understanding the mysteries of God. Similarly, Rosman—though now citing the writings of a Polish rabbi—says that it was believed the Besht was a great medical practitioner with vast knowledge regarding salves, balms, and similar medicants. Some aspects of his medical practice are said to have been mystic in nature, though the degree to which this is the case is not agreed upon. Some claim that the Besht could only heal others through prayer and similar acts: recitation of holy words. In other works, he is said to have less limitations on his supposed ability, allowing for more mystic methods to be practiced.
He ate farfel every friday night because the word was similar to the world farfalen which means "wiped out, over and finished". He considered the noodles a symbol marking the beginning of a new week.
Core doctrines
Although the teachings of the Ba’al Shem Tov derive to some extent from the Kabbalah and frequently employ kabbalistic terminology, he added an emphasis on personal existence and the salvation of the soul of the individual, as a requirement for the redemption of the world: “For before one prays for general redemption one must pray for the personal salvation of one’s own soul” (Toledot Ya’akov Yosef). He emphasised the personal against a previous preoccupation on messianism. In a letter to Abraham Gershon (dated 1751), he describes his dialogue with the Messiah during a spiritual ascent on Rosh Ha-Shanah, 1747: “I asked the Messiah, ‘When will you come, master,’ and he answered me, ‘When your learning will be made known and revealed to the world and its source will spread and all can recite yiḥudim and experience spiritual ascent as you can…’ and I was astonished and deeply grieved by this, and wondered when this would come to pass” (Ben Porat Yosef).
At the core of the Besht's teaching is the principle of devekut, and he demanded that devekut exist in all daily acts and in social contacts. Man must worship God not only when practicing religious acts and holy deeds, but also in his daily affairs, in his business, and in social contacts, for when a “man is occupied with material needs, and his thought cleaves to God, he will be blessed” (Ketonet Passim (1866), 28a). This belief is linked with the Lurianic doctrine of the raising of the holy sparks (niẓoẓot), though he limited this concept to the salvation of the individual soul. Because of his emphasis on devekut, he did not advocate withdrawal from daily life and society, and he vigorously opposed fasts and asceticism.
He believed that physical pleasure can give rise to spiritual pleasure. A physical act can become a religious act if it is performed as worship of God and the act is performed in a state of devekut.
The study of Torah is of prime importance in his teachings, although he interpreted the traditional ideal of “Torah for its own sake” as “for the sake of the letter.” Through contemplation of the letters of the text man can open the divine worlds before him. He based this belief on the assumption that the letters of the Torah evolved and descended from a heavenly source, and therefore by contemplating the letters, one can restore them to their spiritual, and divine source. The student thus becomes joined to their higher forms and receives mystical revelations.
Similarly, through prayer, a man can reach devekut and contact with the divine, by concentrating on the mystical meaning of the letters:
According to what I learned from my master and teacher, the main occupation of Torah and prayer is that one should attach oneself to the spirituality of the light of the Ein Sof found in the letters of the Torah and prayer, which is called study for its own sake
The Besht's concept of the zaddik is of the existence of superior individuals whose spiritual qualities are greater than those of other human beings and who are outstanding in their higher level of devekut. These individuals influence society, and their task is to teach the people to worship God by means of devekut and to lead sinners to repent.
Influence on Hasidism
The later developments of Hasidism are unintelligible without consideration of Besht's opinion concerning man's proper relation with the universe. True worship of God, consists in the cleaving to, and the unification with, God. To use his own words, “the ideal of man is to be a revelation himself, clearly to recognize himself as a manifestation of God.” Mysticism, he said, is not the Kabbalah, which everyone may learn; but that sense of true oneness, which is usually as strange, unintelligible, and incomprehensible to mankind as dancing is to a dove. However, the man who is capable of this feeling is endowed with a genuine intuition, and it is the perception of such a man which is called prophecy, according to the degree of his insight. From this it results, in the first place, that the ideal man may lay claim to authority equal, in a certain sense, to the authority of the Prophets. This focus on oneness and personal revelation helps earn his mystical interpretation of Judaism the title of Panentheism.
A second and more important result of the doctrine is that through his oneness with God, man forms a connecting link between the Creator and creation. Thus, slightly modifying the Bible verse, Hab. , Besht said, “The righteous can vivify by his faith.“ Besht's followers enlarged upon this idea and consistently deduced from it the source of divine mercy, of blessings, of life; and that therefore, if one love him, one may partake of God's mercy.
On the opposite side of the coin, the Baal Shem Tov warned the Hasidim:
Amalek is still alive today … Every time you experience a worry or doubt about how God is running the world—that’s Amalek launching an attack against your soul. We must wipe Amalek out of our hearts whenever—and wherever—he attacks so that we can serve God with complete joy.
It may be said of Hasidism that there is no other Jewish sect in which the founder is as important as his doctrines. Besht himself is still the real center for the Hasidim; his teachings have almost sunk into oblivion. As Schechter (“Studies in Judaism,” p. 4) observes: “To the Hasidim, Baal-Shem [Besht] ... was the incarnation of a theory, and his whole life the revelation of a system.”
Teaching methods
Besht did not combat rabbinical Judaism, but the spirit of its practice. His teachings being the result of a deep, religious temperament, he stressed the spirit. Though he considered the Law to be holy and inviolable, and he emphasized the importance of Torah-study, he held that one's entire life should be a service of God. Hasidic legend tells of a woman whom her relatives sought to kill on account of her shameful life, but who was saved in body and soul by Besht. The story is said to be characteristic of Besht's activity in healing those in need of relief. More important to him than prayer was a friendly relationship with sinners. Unselfishness and high-minded benevolence are a motif in the legends about him.
Besht's methods of teaching differed from those of his opponents. He directed many satirical remarks at them, a characteristic one being his designation of the typical Talmudist of his day as “a man who through sheer study of the Law has no time to think about God”. Besht is reported to have illustrated his views of asceticism by the following parable:
A thief once tried to break into a house, the owner of which, crying out, frightened the thief away. The same thief soon afterward broke into the house of a very strong man, who, on seeing him enter, kept quite still. When the thief had come near enough, the man caught him and put him in prison, thus depriving him of all opportunity to do further harm.
Besht held a firm conviction that God had entrusted him with a special mission to spread his doctrines. He believed that he had heavenly visions revealing this mission to him. For him every intuition was a divine revelation; and divine messages were daily occurrences. An example of the power of his spiritual vision is found in the beginning of his grandson's work, Degel, where he writes that his grandfather wrote to Gershon Kitover who lived in Israel, asking him why he was not in Israel that particular Shabbos.
Legends
In Hasidic tradition, there's a saying, “Someone who believes in all the stories of the Baal Shem Tov and the other mystics and holy men is a fool; someone who looks at any single story and says “That one could not be true” is a heretic.”
According to the Encyclopaedia Judaica the number of legends that are told relating to the Ba’al Shem Tov have 'distorted his historical character.' An anthology of legends about him was first compiled by Dov Baer b. Samuel of Linits, who was the son-in-law of Alexander Shoḥat, who had acted for several years as the Besht's scribe. The collection was copied many times and over time it became filled with errors. It was printed with the title, Shivḥei ha-Besht after Dov Baer's death. It was published by Israel Jaffe who rewrote the first chapter, and removed what he considered to be the distortions caused by copyists.
This edition, printed in Kopys (Kapust) in 1814, contains 230 stories grouped by common themes, characters, and motifs. Two editions also appeared in Yiddish that differ markedly from the Hebrew edition.
In the 19th century several further collections of legends about the Ba’al Shem Tov, and his followers appeared, in Hebrew and Yiddish, some of which repeated stories found in Shivḥei ha-Besht and some of which contained new stories. According to the Encyclopaedia Judaica only a few of these stories can actually be regarded as true.
One legend tells that his father, Eliezer, was seized during an attack, carried from his home in Wallachia, and sold as a slave to a prince. On account of his wisdom, he found favor with the prince, who gave him to the king to be his minister. During an expedition undertaken by the king, when other counsel failed, and all were disheartened, Eliezer's advice was accepted; and the result was a successful battle of decisive importance. Eliezer was made a general and afterward prime minister, and the king gave him the daughter of the viceroy in marriage. But, being mindful of his duty as a Jew and as he was already married, he married the princess only in name. After being questioned for a long time as to his strange conduct, he confessed to the princess that he was a Jew, who loaded him with costly presents and helped him escape to his own country.
On the way, the prophet Elijah is said to have appeared to Eliezer and said: “On account of thy piety and steadfastness, thou wilt have a son who will lighten the eyes of all Israel; and Israel shall be his name, because in him shall be fulfilled the verse (Isaiah ): ’Thou art my servant, O Israel, in whom I will be glorified.’” Eliezer and his wife Sarah, however, reached old age childless and had given up all hope of ever having a child. But when they were nearly a hundred years old, the promised son (Besht) was born.
Notable students
The Baal Shem Tov directly imparted his teachings to his students, some of whom founded their own Hasidic dynasties.
Yaakov Yosef of Polonoy (1710–1784)
Ze'ev Wolf Kitzes of Medzhybizh (~1685–1788)
Yechiel Michel of Zlotchov (1721–1786)
Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1704–1772) traced to King David by way of Rabbi Yohanan, the sandle-maker and master in the Talmud
Pinchas of Korets (1728–1790)
Nachum Twerski of Chernobyl (1730–1797) founder of the Chernobyl Hasidic dynasty
Leib of Shpola (1725–1812)
Rabbi Abraham Gershon of Kitov (Kuty), brother-in-law of The Baal Shem Tov (1701–1761); descendant (possibly the grandson) of Shabbatai ha-Kohen (“the ShACh”) (1625–1663)
Moshe Chaim Ephraim of Sudilkov (his grandson)
Boruch of Medzhybizh {his grandson}
Meir Hagadol of Premishlan (1703–1773)
Nachman of Horodenka
Confusion with Baal Shem of London
A portrait by John Singleton Copley is often mistaken to be that of Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, also known as the Baal Shem Tov. It is, in fact, a portrait of Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk, who was known as the Baal Shem of London.
See also
Hasidic Judaism
History of the Jews in Brody
List of Hasidic dynasties
Hasidim and Mitnagdim
Tzavaat HaRivash
Baal Shem Tov family tree
References
Further reading
The chief source for the Besht's biography is Ber (Dov) ben Shmuel’s Shivchei ha-Besht, Kopys, 1814, and frequently republished, and traditions recorded in the works of various Hasidic dynasties — especially by the leaders of the Chabad movement.
Jacob Joseph ha-Kohen, Toldot Yaakov Yosef
Likutim Yekarim (Likut) — a collection of Hasidic doctrines
The works of Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezeritch
Tzava’at HaRivash, guidelines, doctrines and instructions for religio-ethical conduct
Keter Shem Tov, an anthology of his teachings, compiled mainly from the works of Jacob Joseph of Polonne and Likutim Yekarim.
Sefer Baal Shem Tov, a two-volume anthology of his teachings compiled from over 200 Hasidic texts, and constituting the most comprehensive collection.
Tzava’at HaRivash and Keter Shem Tov are the most popular anthologies and have been reprinted numerous times. All editions until recently are corrupt, with numerous omissions, printing errors and confused citations. Both texts have now appeared in critical annotated editions with extensive corrections of the texts. (Tzva’at HaRivash 1975, fifth revised edition 1998; Keter Shem Tov - Hashalem 2004, second print 2008.) These new authoritative editions were edited by Rabbi Jacob Immanuel Schochet who also added analytical introductions, copious notes of sources and cross-references, commentaries, numerous supplements and detailed indices, and were published by the Chabad publishing house Kehot in Brooklyn NY.
Buxbaum, Yitzhak, Light and Fire of the Baal Shem Tov, , Bloomsbury Academic, NY, 2005 (420 pp).
Etkes, Immanuel, The Besht: Magician, Mystic, and Leader (The Tauber Institute Series for the Study of European Jewry) Hardcover – December 21, 2004
Dubnow, Yevreiskaya Istoria, ii. 426–431
idem, in Voskhod, viii. Nos. 5–10
Heinrich Grätz, Gesch. der Juden, 2d ed., xi. 94–98, 546–554
Jost, Gesch. des Judenthums und Seiner Sekten, iii. 185 et seq.
A. Kahana, Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem, Jitomir, 1900
D. Kohan, in Ha-Sh. ;ar, v. 500–504, 553–554
Rodkinson, Toledot Baale Shem-Tov;ob, Königsberg, 1876
Schechter, Studies in Judaism, 1896, pp. 1–45
Zweifel, Shalom ’al-Yisrael, i.–iii.
Zederbaum, Keter Kehunah, pp. 80–103
Frumkin, ’Adat Ẓaddiḳim, Lemberg, 1860, 1865 (?)
Israel Zangwill, Dreamers of the Ghetto, pp. 221–288 (fiction).
Chapin, David A. and Weinstock, Ben, The Road from Letichev: The history and culture of a forgotten Jewish community in Eastern Europe, Volume 1. iUniverse, Lincoln, NE, 2000.
Rabinowicz, Tzvi M. The Encyclopedia of Hasidism: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1996.
Rosman, Moshe, Founder of Hasidism: Univ. of Calif. Press, 1996. (Founder of Hasidism by Moshe Rosman)
Rosman, Moshe, “Miedzyboz and Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov”, Zion, Vol. 52, No. 2, 1987, p. 177-89. Reprinted within Essential Papers on Hasidism ed, G.D. Hundert , New York, 1991.
Schochet, Jacob Immanuel, Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov, Liebermann, Toronto 1961
Schochet, Jacob Immanuel, Tzava’at Harivash — The Testament of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov (annotated English translation with an introduction on the history and impact of this work and the controversy it evoked in the battle between Hasidism and its opponents), Kehot, Brooklyn NY 1998. Full text provided online
Schochet, Jacob Immanuel, The Mystical Dimension, 3 volumes, Kehot, Brooklyn NY 1990 (2nd ed. 1995)
Sears, David, The Path of the Baal Shem Tov: Early Chasidic Teachings and Customs Jason Aronson, Queens NY 1997
Singer, Isaac Bashevis, "Reaches of Heaven: A Story of the Baal Shem Tov", Faber, 1982
External links
The Baal Shem Tov Foundation
Brief biography
Tzava’at Harivash — The Testament of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov translated to English
Baal Shem Tov minisite on chabad.org
Map of the Baal Shem Tov and his disciple’s travels from Routledge Publishing
Thirty Six Aphorisms of the Baal Shem Tov
Jewish Encyclopedia article
by Dr. Henry Abramson
History of Jewish Community in Medzhibozh
Beit Hatfutsot: Heroes - Trailblazers of the Jewish People
Baal Shem Tov stories
Archives of Chassidic Stories
Baal Shem Tov Foundation Story Room
Hasidic Stories — Besht
Baal Shem Tov Foundation — Library
Category:Baal Shem
Category:1698 births
Category:1760 deaths
Category:People from Borshchiv Raion
Category:Early Acharonim
Category:18th-century rabbis
Category:Hasidic rebbes
Category:Jewish religious leaders
Category:People from Medzhybizh
Category:Panentheists
Category:Kabbalists
Category:Polish Orthodox rabbis
Category:Hasidic rabbis in Europe | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lennart Samuelsson
Torsten Lennart Samuelsson (7 July 1924 – 27 November 2012) was a Swedish association footballer who played as a defender and won bronze medals at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and 1952 Summer Olympics.
Between 1950 and 1955 Samuelsson capped 36 international matches an scored no goals. Domestically he played for Elfsborg (126 matches, 2 goals in 1947–1954), and in 1951 he appeared in nine matches with the French club Nice. His career was cut short due to a broken leg. He later coached IFK Luleå, IK Brage and Örebro SK.
References
External links
Swedish Olympic Committee
Category:1924 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Swedish footballers
Category:Sweden international footballers
Category:IF Elfsborg players
Category:Ligue 1 players
Category:OGC Nice players
Category:1950 FIFA World Cup players
Category:Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Category:Olympic footballers of Sweden
Category:Swedish football managers
Category:Örebro SK managers
Category:IK Brage managers
Category:Expatriate footballers in France
Category:Olympic medalists in football
Category:Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics | {
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Ari Djepaxhia
Ari Djepaxhia (born 4 October 1991) is an Albanian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for KS Burreli in the Albanian First Division.
Club career
Vllaznia
Djepaxhia made his debut for Vllaznia Shkodër in a home game against Kastrioti Krujë on 13 December 2009. He started the game in midfield but his first professional game was short lived because he was sent off following a foul on Olsi Gocaj as the last man.
He joined coach Elvis Plori at Burreli in January 2019.
Career stats
References
External links
Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Shkodër
Category:Albanian footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:KF Vllaznia Shkodër players
Category:FK Partizani Tirana players
Category:KS Ada Velipojë players
Category:KS Veleçiku Koplik players
Category:Besëlidhja Lezhë players
Category:KS Burreli players
Category:Albanian Superliga players
Category:Albanian First Division players | {
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Theatre Royal, Hyde
The Theatre Royal is a Grade II listed Edwardian theatre situated on Corporation Street, Hyde, Greater Manchester.
History
Planning permission was granted by the local council to build a licensed theatre to replace the Theatre Royal of nearby Frank Street in 1901. The theatre was designed by Campbell and Horsley of Manchester and built by S. Robinson and Sons of Hyde. The completed theatre opened on 3 November 1902 with a Victorian French melodrama, Little Jim, with Shakespeare and other classic plays to follow. In 1914 a movable screen was added onto the stage to enable the theatre to operate as a part-time cinema.
In the early 1970s, the popularity of live performances were on the decline and the decision was made to stop them altogether at the theatre. The main auditorium become a full-time cinema and a second cinema opened in 1972 taking up the majority of the original stage area. The last live performance held was a production of Annie Get Your Gun.
In later years, the main auditorium was referred to as 'Royal 1' and the second cinema was referred to as 'Royal 2'. The theatre was also referred to as the 'Royal Cinema' although the 'Theatre Royal' signs remained on the building
.
In the early 1990s, the London-based owners discovered problems with fraud at the theatre and decided to close it down in August 1993 as they considered it a liability. The theatre was full for the last few days of business, with people still offering support to Hyde's last local cinema. The final film to be shown was Walt Disney's classic, The Jungle Book.
The Theatre
The main auditorium could seat up to 1400 people, it consisted of pit stalls with 300 seats, dress and rear circles with another 300 seats, then a gallery and amphi with 800 seats. The theatre also offered one of the largest stages in the area with a fly gallery offering fast scenery changes.
Famous Faces
During its peak, the Theatre Royal offered performances by many famous acts of the day including Laurel and Hardy, Enrico Caruso, Billy Connolly and Frank Randle. Julie Andrews also made an early appearance at the theatre along with her mother and stepfather.
Theatre Royal Onward
In 1999, planning permission was in the process of being granted to demolish the theatre to make way for a housing development, however a group of volunteers joined together to save the Theatre Royal, named Theatre Royal Onward, the group campaigned for the theatre to be granted listed building status which it was in 2000. The theatre was put up for auction in 2005 however the society lost the bid to buy the theatre and it was sold to a local property developer, Aurora Hyde Limited. However the fight to return the theatre to its former glory continues, much like the campaign to save another local theatre, Stockport Plaza which was successful.
The theatre has been open to the public on Heritage Open Days, however in 2011 this was not possible due to building work being carried out within the theatre itself by the present owners. The society instead organised a classic 1960s cinema queue to congregate outside in support of the theatre restoration. The campaign was very popular with many local residents joining and a local radio station arriving to interview people of their memories.
References
External links
Theatre Royal Onward Website
Tameside Radio visiting the Heritage Open Day 2011
Photos of the Theatre Royal by local photographer
PDF of the last 'Film News' Publication from the Theatre Royal Before Closure
28DaysLater Urban Exploration - Inside Hyde Royal
Category:Cinemas in Greater Manchester
Category:Grade II listed buildings in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside
Category:Hyde, Greater Manchester | {
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Darvish Baqqal
Darvish Baqqal (, also Romanized as Darvīsh Baqqāl; also known as Darvish Baghghal and Dashpakal) is a village in Sis Rural District, in the Central District of Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 613, in 144 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Shabestar County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Qasemabad-e Akhavan
Qasemabad-e Akhavan (, also Romanized as Qāsemābād-e Ākhavān; also known as Qāsemābād) is a village in Behnamvasat-e Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Varamin County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 77, in 21 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Varamin County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Morris Goldberg
Saxophonist Morris Goldberg, was born in Cape Town, South Africa and grew up in the area known as Observatory. He is recognised as one of the early pioneers of Cape Jazz, along with Dollar Brand and Chris McGregor.
Goldberg left South Africa in the Apartheid years to study in New York City, where he now lives. He is also a virtuoso clarinet and flute player. He has recorded a number of his own albums and is known as a member of the Harry Belafonte band and for his work with Paul Simon. He also played in the band on The Rosie O'Donnell Show.
Goldberg has toured and recorded albums with his own band, OJOYO. He calls their sound safrojazz, presenting the music as a combination of South African and American jazz music.
Discography
Jazz in Transit (2006)
Forward Motion (2003)
Played on Tony Bird's Sorry Africa (1990)
Uptownship (1989) with Hugh Masekela
Played on Paul Simon's "You Can Call Me Al" (1986)
Played on Dollar Brand's "Mannenberg" (1974)
References
CD - Jazz in Transit - Live concert re-issue. 2006
SA Music Site
External links
Ojoyo website
Category:Jazz saxophonists
Category:Living people
Category:Musicians from Cape Town
Category:21st-century saxophonists
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Christine Corday
Christine Corday (born in 1970, Laurel, Maryland) is an American painter and sculptor. Her work draws from earlier studies in astronomy, cultural anthropology, chemistry, and sensory perception science. Corday's artistic approach consist of manipulation of matter into different states, producing massive sculptures that viewers are meant to experience through touch, leaving memories on the surface of her work. Her works are found in private international collections: Paris, Madrid, Dublin, Tokyo, Los Angeles, San Miguel de Allende, Dubai, Brussels, Washington DC, and New York City. With Corday's first solo exhibition: PROTOIST SERIES: SELECTED FORMS, presented at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
Early life and education
A Maryland native, Corday's interest in the arts and science was marked by her classical training in piano during her formative years. In 1991, before receiving her B.A. in Communication Arts (1992), she wrote an original research paper which led to an Astrophysics internship at NASA Ames Research Center.
Corday continued her academic studies later on in graduate courses in cultural anthropology at Washington University. From 1992–99, she worked in graphic and structural design for advertising companies, such as Wieden+Kennedy, Bartle Bogle Hegarty, and SKUzzio Design.
In 1999 and 2000, Corday began devoting her time to painting. She spent one year in Tokyo, Japan, then would later go to Seville, Spain for three years working on her sound and tidal energy project called Instrument for the Ocean to Play.
Corday's work and experiences in Spain shifted her palette to black, hand-making her own tar-like paint through raw pigments, charcoal, and synthetic polymers, and fabricated tools to apply the paint to raw linen and canvas. Corday's black palette painting are considered to be early blueprints of her sculptural work.
Career
In 1992–99, Corday worked internationally for advertising and design agencies as a graphic and structural designer.
PROTOIST Series
Corday's first steel work entitled UNE is a three-ton form beginning the artist's PROTOIST SERIES. "PROTOIST" is a term coined by the artist to describe the intermediary state between the known and the unknown. UNE is hewn from 3 tons of raw weathering steel, standing nearly 9 feet tall with a 13-inch thick arc spanning more than 16 feet. A 2.5-foot torch-cut void runs through the center of the arc; its resulting passage replaces the artist's hand, or the stroke, in an otherwise mechanical process. UNE began its international tour with a debut exhibition in Chelsea under the High Line, (November 7 – December 12, 2008; Curator: Beverly Allan), the Form "inspired local construction workers to make a three-inch steel effigy, which they gave to the artist as a present; what it will evoke elsewhere is anyone's guess."
The PROTOIST SERIES is conceived and constructed to be consumed by the hand, not only to be touched but to be worn down over time by the tide of human interaction. "Each piece in the PROTOIST SERIES is meant to be touched, to be entered, and even to be walked upon." The Forms are intervened for a sole evening or limited duration in locations—an abandoned interior, an urban alley, a marble piazza—that are selected to motivate the unexpected encounter.
AHN, Corday's second work in the PROTOIST SERIES was installed in the corner of a 5,000 sq ft art space in Greenpoint, Brooklyn: Allan Nederpelt. The 300 pound carbon steel piece supports the juxtaposition of three visible dimensional planes, reminding its experiencer of the intersecting choices constructing reality and the impermanence/permanence of time and place. Art reviewer Enrico Gomez spoke to AHN's "grounding resonance" saying, "It optically strums like an electric bass and has considerable gravitational pull."
In 2011, the 60" x 120" (151 cm x 303 cm) maquette of PROTOIST Form ÆPI was previewed during the exhibition, All That Is Unseen, curated by Meg O'Rourke and Caris Reid in New York City. The title of the Form fuses the meaning and pronunciation of the Greek root "epi" (upon) from the English words epicenter and epoch with the lost sound of Latin diphthong Æ. The Form's torch-cut center plate is an abstraction of the figurative self as plateau or stair––standing on its plane shifts a single dimension of perception by 1 and 1/2 inches thus acutely honing the senses to their most subtle realms––a quiet big bang, a floating grounded void, an intimate invitation to the unseen.
Corday has work in private collections in Dubai, Dublin, Mexico City, Madrid, Brussels, and Paris.
Corday's current works include a permanent abstract installation series entitled HELDAN as well as the production of a monumental outdoor form, INSTRUMENT FOR THE OCEAN TO PLAY, that harvests tidal power to create a low-frequency sound.
Paint
In 2000, Corday moved her studio from Tokyo, Japan to Seville, Spain. The years in Spain (2000–2004), Corday's palette was limited to black. Corday created her own paint mulling raw pigment and charcoal into a synthetic polymer base to create a tar-like substance and fabricated tools for its application to raw linen and canvas. Corday moved back to the United States in 2005 to a studio in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York. She created a series of painted works as abstract blueprints for the form HELDAN and the PROTOIST Series. In 2009, Corday's painted work entitled THAHLES (72×216 inches) was acquired by the Richard Meier collection installed at 165 Charles Street, New York City, New York. And in 2013, PROME was acquired by the collection of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill's San Francisco office, overseen by Craig W. Hartman.
September 11 Memorial
As seen in Making the 9/11 Memorial documentary by the History channel and Rising, Rebuilding Ground Zero documentary series by the Discovery Channel, National September 11 Memorial architect Michael Arad selected Corday's black patina for the finish of the bronze name parapets which carry the 2,983 victims names from the September 11 attacks and the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. The bronze name parapets border the edge of the North and South waterfall pools that occupy the former footprints of the North and South Towers.
The selection process for the finish of the bronze was directed by KC Fabrications, an art and architectural fabrication company in Gardiner, New York. KC Fabrications awarded the Bronze Name Parapets through their unique engineering idea in the fabrication and installation of the memorial.
"Every name has run under the palm of my hand", Corday said. "Each name here is a life, and that's never been lost on anyone that's worked on this project."
Awards and prizes
Corday was awarded a 2019 National Endowment for the Arts grant for the solo exhibition, Relative Points at the Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis. She was also honored as the 2019 recipient of the Pollock-Krasner Foundation Brian Wall Foundation grant for sculptors.
In 2016, Corday was a nominee for the United States Artists fellow.
Corday received the Edison Ingenuity Prize in Montreal, Canada, and has also won a number of international design awards for her patented glass bottle for The Republic of Tea.
In 2000, Corday was selected for a short story prize from Francis Ford Coppola's fiction magazine Zoetrope.
Personal life
Between 1996 and 2005, she lived and worked in Portland, Oregon; San Francisco, and Los Angeles, California; Tokyo, Japan; and Seville, Spain. During this time, Corday's work evolved solely in the fine arts, specifically into form such as sculpture and architecture.
Corday lives in New York.
References
External links
Official website
Christine Corday: Protoist Series, Selected Forms. Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Corday: UNE. The High Line, New York City
Category:American sculptors
Category:Minimalist artists
Category:Living people
Category:People from Laurel, Maryland
Category:1970 births | {
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Manea Khadoum
Manea Khadoum (Arabic:مانع خدوم) (born 17 April 1994) is an Emirati footballer. He currently plays for Dibba Al-Hisn as a winger .
External links
References
Category:Emirati footballers
Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sharjah FC players
Category:Al-Ittihad Kalba SC players
Category:Dibba Al-Hisn Sports Club players
Category:UAE Division 1 players
Category:UAE Pro League players
Category:Association football wingers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Villa Guardamangia
Villa Guardamangia (Italian – 'look' and 'eat'), formerly known as Casa Medina and sometimes referred to as Casa Guardamangia, is a townhouse in Gwardamanġa, Pietà, Malta, which served as the residence of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh (later Queen Elizabeth II), and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, between 1949 and 1951, while Philip was stationed in Malta as a naval officer.
History
Villa Guardamangia was built in 1900 by Sir Augusto Bartolo and was called Casa Medina. It was originally a farmhouse.
In around 1929, the villa was first leased to Louis Mountbatten, who had interest in it because of its proximity to Marsa, which has a horse racing track and a golf course that suited his lavish lifestyle. The villa was in a bad state and divided into apartments, leading the Mountbattens to reside in two rooms at the Hotel Phoenicia in Floriana while the house was being renovated. Mountbatten bought the villa after some time and frequented it while stationed in Malta as Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet in the 1950s.
When the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh came to Malta at first they lodged at San Anton Palace, hosted by Gerald Strickland and his wife. Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and her then-fiancé, Philip Mountbatten (later Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh), first stayed at Guardamangia in 1946. The couple returned a number of times between then and 1952, while Philip was stationed in Malta as a Royal Navy officer and Elizabeth worked with the Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen Families Association (SSAFA) at Auberge de Castile. Mountbatten eventually passed the villa to the royal couple and they resided there continuously between 1949 and 1951. It has been suggested that their eldest child, Prince Charles, was conceived at the villa. The Queen has described her stay on Malta as one of the best periods of her life, as it was the only time she was able to live "normally".
Queen Elizabeth II visited Villa Guardamangia during her state visit to Malta in 1992 and, in 2007, she and the Duke of Edinburgh celebrated their 60th anniversary there. The Queen was given a painting of Villa Guardamangia by the Maltese High Commissioner in London, Norman Hamilton, in 2013. When the Queen was in Malta for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2015, she asked to see the villa, but was reportedly refused by its owners, the family of Ġużè Schembri, as it was in a poor state of repair and subject of a dispute between its owners and the government. President Marie Louise Coleiro Preca presented the Queen with another painting of the villa's façade.
The building was for sale in 2019 with the asking price at €5,900,000, but if it had to be bought from an agent it would have been sold for around €6,500,000 or more. Public request has asked the Maltese Government to purchase the building as state property, restore it and open it to the public. Significant movable property were sold off in a public auction in September 2019. Word of mouth has it that the British monarchy was interested in purchasing the building.
Building and gardens
The villa is found just outside the outskirts and suburb of Valletta in the hamlet of Guardamangia set just at the crest in a quiet residential area in a narrow street. The villa is described as built in the form of a palace complemented with sea views over Marsamxett Harbour. The Queen describes it as a "town house". It is a typical traditional Maltese residence. The building is built with limestone, known as sandstone and described by the Queen as "yellow stone", and designed with spacious interiors. The house has two entrances with one set at street level and another set after going up a flight of stairs under an elaborate front porch. The royal family had taken their own personal belongings from Britain when they lived at the villa allowing them to live in a lavish residence, in a once-elegant home. The royal family had British servants at the villa.
The gardens of the villa are secluded. The Queen has described it simply as the "small garden at Villa Guardamangia". The Queen herself had decorated the gardens and the surroundings according to her tastes and lifestyle, however most garden-related work was done by a gardener. The main outdoor feature in the garden is the long terrace taking from the building of the villa to the other side of the garden. In the middle of the terrace is where a bench stood that is the place where most known published photos of the royal couple and guests were taken. Other photos were taken on the roof terrace of the villa, while some were taken by the press back then at the front of the villa while the couple walked in on the flight of stairs. The garden had a function to entertain and also to cultivate flowers, which Prince Philip enjoyed to have in his cabin and wardroom.
Current
The building is scheduled as a Grade 2 monument by the Malta Environment and Planning Authority and it is in a dilapidated state. The NGO Flimkien għal Ambjent Aħjar has called for its restoration and the government was then in process to expropriate and restore the villa, accusing its then owners of allowing the villa to deteriorate in order to justify demolishing it so that the site can be sold and redeveloped.
Villa Guardamangia is a potential tourist attraction once restored. In a non-scientific 2015 online poll, 84% of respondents stated that they would visit the villa if it were restored and opened to the public. The villa is a common landmark associated with the royal family. The Daily Telegraph has mistakenly portrayed the front façade of Villa Luginsland in Rabat as the back of Villa Guardamangia.
Villa Guardamangia was privately owned by Marika Schembri and her siblings. In June 2019, the Villa was put up for sale for €6 million (£5.3 million). Since October 2019, the villa belongs exclusively to the Government of Malta.
References
Bibliography
External links
Guardamangia
Category:Pietà, Malta
Category:Vernacular architecture in Malta
Category:Neoclassical architecture in Malta
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1900
Category:Royal residences
Category:Elizabeth II | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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The Town of Light
The Town of Light is a psychological horror adventure game developed by LKA. It was released for PC on February 26, 2016 and PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on June 6, 2017. On February 1, 2018, a Nintendo Switch version was confirmed. This version was released on February 7, 2020. The physical release of the Nintendo Switch version was cancelled in April 2019.
Plot
The game is set in a hospital in Tuscany, Italy called the Ospedale Psichiatrico di Volterra. The player character is a girl named Renée, who was a patient at the hospital in the 1940s. The game begins as Renee enters the now dilapidated asylum to relive her stay there. As the game progresses, it becomes known that Renee was admitted due to promiscuity, depression, and a volatile relationship with her mother. Renee found comfort in her doll, Charlotte.
Renee walks the corridors of the derelict asylum, which triggers flashbacks of both her inpatient stay and circumstances prior. It is implied that Renee was a victim of sexual abuse within the asylum, perpetrated by a male nurse or doctor. Renee discovers Amara, another patient, and a romance ensues. When the nurses discovered this relationship, they were separated.
Renee finds her old medical files, which imply that Amara did not exist and that they are figments of her imagination. After a thorough investigation in the patient property section, Renee finds Amara's possessions, thus proving her existence and that the medical team falsified some aspects of her mental illness.
A note found by Renee reads that Amara died in 1942. Medical notes found whilst searching the facility imply that Renee was verbally and physically aggressive and often spent time tied to her bed. Renee receives electroconvulsive therapy and multiple sedative injections to ease behavioural symptoms.
Renee discovers that correspondence from her mother does not reach her, and this is also discovered in the patient property section.
After several years of communication censoring by hospital staff, Renee discovers that her mother died and tried to take her own life on multiple occasions. Following this, the game's conclusion shows Renee receiving lobotomy surgery. The story ends with a doctor narrating that the long term recovery for Renee post surgery is unclear.
Reception
The game received generally positive reception, with an overall score of 64/100 for the PC version, according to Metacritic. According to Mike Diver, The Town of Light is scary with up to 6,000 psychiatric patients. In The Daily Telegraph, Tom Hoggins says that a pacifying drug was not discovered until the 1950s, as told by di Piazza. Also, a score of 3/5 was rated for The Daily Telegraph, where Tom Hoggins says "When you are mad, you cease to exist". In Rock, Paper, Shotgun, it was claimed by Luca Dalco that this is not really a horror game. Also, it said that the goals for the game were to be a recreation of the Volterra asylum and to be aware of things no one really talks about. A three-part series for PC Gamer explains how Lorenzo Conticelli designed the asylum setting for the game.
References
External links
Category:2016 video games
Category:Adventure games
Category:Psychological horror games
Category:PlayStation 4 games
Category:Single-player video games
Category:Video games developed in Italy
Category:Video games set in psychiatric hospitals
Category:Video games set in Italy
Category:Windows games
Category:Xbox One games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Gourmet Grubb
Gourmet Grubb is a Cape Town, South Africa based start-up that produces ice cream created with EntoMilk. Co-founded by Leah Bessa, Jean Louwrens and Llewelyn de Beer in 2017, the company is changing how insects are seen, produced and used in the food industry. EntoMilk is created by blending the larvae of the black soldier fly and Gourmet Grubb has a number of ice cream flavors.
In 2018, Bessa spoke at Forbes Africa during their 30 under 30 meet up to discuss how their insect ice cream is changing the food industry. They received an award by LUX Life Magazine as the Most Pioneering Dairy Alternatives Company in 2019 and the Culinary Innovation Award for their EntroMilk Ice Cream.
In 2019, Gourmet Grubb opened a pop-up bug restaurant called The Insect Experience with chef Mario Barnard, South Africa's first all-insect restaurant.
References
Category:Companies of South Africa | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ar begs
Ar begs (in Russian chronicles "Арские князья") was a formation of Noqrat Tatars' nobility, served to Muscovy in 16th–17th century. In 14th–15th centuries they were rulers of semi-independent duchy in the middle Cheptsa, nowadays Udmurtia. At the first time, their lands were under Kazan Khanate's and later under Russian influence. Begs also participated in wars for Udmurtia between Kazan and Muscovy.
Several Tatar and Russian noble families descended from the Ar begs: Devetyarov, Kasimov, Yaushev and others.
See also
Udmurt people
Category:History of Tatarstan
Category:History of Udmurtia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2007 Sports Network Cup
The 2007 Sports Network Cup was a college football postseason NCAA Division I FCS Mid-Major Championship Trophy. The Dayton Flyers finished ahead of San Diego Toreros 30-0 in first places votes to be named the NCAA Division I FCS Mid-Major Football National Champions.
Dropped out:None.
Others receiving votes (in order of points):Stony Brook 7, Monmouth 3.
Note: Voting was conducted by a panel of 112 FCS media members and media relations professionals. A first-place vote is worth five points, a second- place vote is worth four points, a third-place vote is worth three points, a fourth-place vote is worth two points, and a fifth-place vote is worth one point. Votes were due by Wednesday, November 22, 2006, following the final week of the regular season. Postseason play has no effect on the outcome of the awards.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20110622082425/http://www.sportsnetwork.com/merge/tsnform.aspx?c=sportsnetwork&page=cfoot2%2Fmisc%2FTSNcup.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20111119025309/http://www.sportsnetwork.com/merge/tsnform.aspx?c=sportsnetwork&page=cfoot2%2Fmisc%2Fvoting_tsncup07.htm
References
NCAA Division I FCS Consensus Mid-Major Football National Championship
Category:College football championship trophies | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Cheng Lei
Cheng Lei () (born on August 26, 1971) is a Chinese television presenter.
Cheng Lei was a student in Shanghai Theater Academy in 1990s. After graduation, he was chosen as a host for Broken Brain (智力大沖浪) by Shanghainese producer, Xiao Chen. He also worked on several interviews.
Cheng's family has a long history of liver disease. In 2000, he was diagnosed with Hepatitis B. On January 18, 2004, he took a temporary leave from television though he said in a statement that he would take advanced courses abroad. On February 22, 2005, he returned to television. In June 2007, he was sick once again but he re-appeared on a television show called Dating on Saturdays (相約星期六). He has hosted the British-import China's Got Talent.
TV Host
1994-2004 Broken Brain (智力大沖浪)
2006-2010 Dating on Saturdays (相約星期六)
2010 We Are Family (華人大綜藝)
2010 The All or Nothing Show (達芬奇密碼)
2010–2013 China's Got Talent (season 1-4)
2012 The Cube (梦立方）)
2012–present Super Diva (妈妈咪呀）)
2013–2014 Chinese Idol (中国梦之声)
2013–present So You Think You Can Dance (舞林争霸)
2014–2015 Top Gear China (巅峰拍档)
References
Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:China's Got Talent
Category:People from Shanghai
Category:Chinese television presenters | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Smith College Museum of Art
The Smith College Museum of Art (abbreviated SCMA), connected with the well-known Smith College, is a prominent art museum in Northampton, Massachusetts. It is considered to be one of the most impressive college museums in the country. The museum is best known for its remarkable compilation of American and European art of the 19th and 20th centuries, including superb works by Edgar Degas, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet, Paul Cézanne, Claude Monet, Georges Seurat, Albert Bierstadt, John Singer Sargent and others. First established in 1879, the collection has expanded to include nearly 25,000 works of art, including a diverse collection of non-Western art. It is also a member of the Museums10 collective, a consortium of art, science, and history museums in Western Massachusetts. The SCMA serves as an important cultural and educational resource for the communities of Smith College, the Five College Consortium, and the town of Northampton.
Building history
The Brown Fine Arts Center, which opened in 2003 after a two-year, $35 million building renovation, now houses the art library, Art Department, and the Smith College Museum of Art. Designed by the New York City-based Polshek Partnership Architects (now known as Ennead Architects, the 164,000-gross-square-foot (15,236m²) building metaphorically and physically links the college with its neighboring community.
Collections
The SCMA has an extensive collection including paintings, sculptures, works on paper (prints, drawings, photographs and books), antiquities, decorative arts, and Asian, African and Islamic art. The museum contains four floors of galleries that house the permanent collection, the Cunningham Center for the Study of Prints, Drawings and Photographs, and rotating exhibitions. The center houses more than 1,600 drawings, over 5,700 photographs spanning the history of the museum, and an extensive collection of more than 8,000 prints by artists from Albrecht Dürer to contemporary printmakers. In addition, the museum also features two bathrooms designed by artists Ellen Driscoll and Sandy Skoglund to represent functional art.
Reflective of Smith's diverse student body and campaign to raise awareness of underrepresented groups of women, the museum has been actively procuring artworks by female artists and female artists of color. Notable figures represented in the collection include Betye Saar, Marja Vallila, Susan Rothenberg, Carmen Lomas Garza, and Nursa Latif Qureshi.
The current director and chief curator is Jessica Nicoll.
Department of Art History
The History of Art degree at Smith College, initiated by President Seelye in the 1870s, has evolved to become one of the most respected programs in American undergraduate education today. Notable professors and art historical "greats" that have taught here include Henry-Russel Hitchcock, Adolph Katzenellenbogen, Oliver Larkin, Rensselaer Wright Lee, Phyllis Williams Lehmann, Charles Rufus Morey, Edgar Wind and alumna Harriet Boyd Hawes. In the 10th International Congress of Art Historians, which took place in Rome in 1912, Smith was one of the only 68 American institutions of higher learning with a professorship in art history, out of a total of approximately 400 colleges and universities surveyed. The museum is often utilized as a learning space for Smith students, especially for those who enroll in art and art history classes.
References
External links
Category:University museums in Massachusetts
Category:Art museums in Massachusetts
Category:Museums in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Category:Smith College
Category:Museums established in 1879
Category:1879 establishments in Massachusetts | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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UOW Malaysia KDU
UOW Malaysia KDU (Formerly known as KDU University College) is a private university college in Malaysia, with its flagship campus in Utropolis Glenmarie, Shah Alam. Established in 1983, and a pioneer in Malaysian private education, UOW Malaysia KDU was one of the first private colleges in Malaysia to have its own purpose-built campus. KDU offers education programmes at the Certificate, Diploma, Degree and Masters levels.
UOW Malaysia KDU is part of Paramount Education, a fully integrated education services provider for primary, secondary, tertiary, and postgraduate level studies as well as executive and professional development programmes, which also includes KDU College (Damansara Jaya Campus), KDU Penang University College, KDU Management Development Centre and KDU Smart Schools (private national and international schools for primary and secondary school students)
History
Established in 1983, and a pioneer in Malaysian private education, KDU was one of the first private colleges in Malaysia to have its own purpose-built campus in Damansara Jaya. Kolej Damansara Utama (as it was first known) opened for enrolment, offering programmes such as the GCE A-Level and the American Credit Transfer programme, and welcomed its first batch of students. In 1984, KDU introduced the first overseas twinning programme in partnership with Middlesex Polytechnic (Middlesex University), offering young Malaysians an opportunity to pursue internationally renowned programmes at a more affordable cost.
In 1991, a second branch (KDU Penang University College) was established in Penang to cater to the higher education needs of aspiring youths in the northern region.
In November 2010, KDU College was upgraded to University College status by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, and began offering specialised homegrown degree programmes. The ceremony was officiated by the Minister of Higher Education, Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin.
The Damansara Jaya campus is now home to KDU College, offering pre-university, foundation and degree programmes from international collaborations and university partners. In line with its expansion, KDU University College moved to its all-new campus flagship campus in early 2015. The new Utropolis Glenmarie campus is designed to inspire and provide hands-on learning for real world experiences, and is part of a live-and learn, work-and-play self-contained university metropolis.
In 2016, KDU Penang University College had a groundbreaking ceremony to unveil construction plans for a 10-acre campus in Batu Kawan, Penang. The ceremony was officiated by then Chief Minister of Penang YAB Lim Guan Eng and was accompanied by representatives from Penang Development Corporations (PDC).
Datuk Teo Chiang Quan, the Paramount Corporation Berhad Group chairman and executive director mentioned the first phase on a 4ha site would be completed in the year 2018.
The Batu Kawan campus is modeled after the "utropolis" in Glenmarie, Shah Alam, Selangor.
Academic structure
UOW Malaysia KDU employs only qualified academic staff that meets the requirement of both its partner institutions as well as the Malaysian Qualification Agency’s requirement, with PhD and master's degree holders teaching in degree programmes and a minimum of a degree to teach in the certificate and diploma programmes.
UOW Malaysia KDU University College:
School of Business
Accounting & Finance, Business, Banking & Finance
School of Communication & Creative Arts
Communication, Creative Arts, Entertainment Arts, Entrepreneurial Design
School of Computing & Creative Media
Computing, Creative Media, Game Development, Computer Science, Software Engineering, Information Systems
School of Engineering
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
School of Hospitality, Tourism & Culinary Arts
Hospitality & Tourism, Culinary Arts
UOW Malaysia KDU College:
School of Pre-University Studies
Cambridge GCE A Levels, Foundation Studies
KDU Law School
Law
School of Business & Social Sciences
Business
American Degree Program Center
American Degree Transfer Program
Professional Accountancy Center
ACCA & CAT
References
External links
UOW Malaysia KDU Official Website
Category:Private universities in Malaysia
Category:Colleges in Malaysia
Category:Law schools in Malaysia
Category:Educational institutions established in 1983
Category:Universities and colleges in Selangor
Category:Business schools in Malaysia
Category:Murdoch University
Category:Engineering universities and colleges in Malaysia
Category:Hospitality schools in Malaysia
Category:Information technology schools in Malaysia
Category:1983 establishments in Malaysia
Category:Design schools in Malaysia
Category:Cambridge schools in Malaysia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Meljine
Meljine is a small town in Montenegro. According to the 2003 census, the town has a population of 1120 people.
References
Category:Populated places in Herceg Novi Municipality
Category:Coastal towns in Montenegro
Category:Serb communities in Montenegro | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bad Street Brawler
Bad Street Brawler, originally released as Bop'n Rumble and as Street Hassle in Australia, is a 1987 video game by Beam Software Pty., Ltd. It was distributed worldwide by Mindscape Inc. and Mattel. It was released for the Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and the NES. The NES version was one of only two NES games specifically designed for use with Mattel's Power Glove.
Gameplay
The player plays the character Duke Davis, who goes from stage to stage beating up gangsters that get in his way, dressed in a yellow tank top, sunglasses, and yellow pants. He is described as a former punk rocker and the "world's coolest" martial artist.
Before the start of the next stage, quotes are introduced to entertain the player (such as "Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you"). The player fights a variety of enemies, such as gorillas and circus dwarves who throw hammers at the player (old ladies in the computer versions who throw purses at the player).
There are 15 stages in this game
Moves include the "bull ram" attack and "trip" move.
Reception
Electronic Gaming Monthlys Seanbaby placed it as number 16 in his "20 worst games of all time" feature.
See also
List of beat 'em ups
Super Glove Ball
References
External links
Seanbaby's Worst Games of all time
Category:1987 video games
Category:Action video games
Category:Beat 'em ups
Category:Commodore 64 games
Category:DOS games
Category:Nintendo Entertainment System games
Category:Side-scrolling beat 'em ups
Category:Video games developed in Australia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Hida-class patrol vessel
The Hida-class patrol vessel are a class of patrol vessel within the PL series (Large patrol vessel) of the Japan Coast Guard (JCG). The class name "Hida" is named after Hida Mountains, the northernmost mountain range of the Japanese Alps, a famous mountain range in Japan.
The class is one of the more modern patrol vessel classes designed to intercept North Korean (DPRK) spy boats. These classes are referred to as "High-speed, high-functionality patrol vessel, large" (高速高機能大型巡視船). The vessels carry a Bofors 40 mm L/70 autocannon with a laser-optical fire-control system, and are able to safely deal with heavily armed spy boats of the DPRK which intrude into Japanese waters. The hull of this class is bulletproof in cases of close-range firefights using small arms.
Ships of this class are among the leading vessels of flotillas intended for spy boat interception. With the helicopter deck of this class, a Special Security Team can arrive at the scene aboard Eurocopter EC225 helicopters. The broadband SATCOM system of this class can relay video data from helicopters to the ground station or the HQ of the JCG. This class is equipped with a LIDAR system to acquire targets with high accuracy, and at the same time, this system enables them to perform search and rescue mission more safely.
Ships in the class
See also
List of Japan Coast Guard vessels and aircraft
– another class of High-speed, high-functionality patrol vessel, large.
References
Future reading
Category:Japan Coast Guard
Category:Patrol ship classes | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Fleming House
Fleming House may refer to:
in the United States (by state)
Fleming House, Pasadena, California, one of California Institute of Technology's dormitories
Guy and Margaret Fleming House, San Diego, California, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in San Diego County, California
Fleming-Hanington House, Denver, Colorado, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Downtown Denver, Colorado
Fleming House (Smyrna, Delaware), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in New Castle County, Delaware
Thomas W. Fleming House (Flemingsburg, Kentucky), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Fleming County, Kentucky
Thomas Fleming House (Sherborn, Massachusetts), Sherborn, Massachusetts, listed on the NRHP in Massachusetts
Fleming Hall, Silver City, New Mexico, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Grant County, New Mexico
James L. Fleming House, Greenville, North Carolina, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Pitt County, North Carolina
Molly Fleming House, California, Pennsylvania, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Pennsylvania
John M. Fleming Home Place, Collierville, Tennessee, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Shelby County, Tennessee
Fleming-Welder House, Victoria, Texas, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Victoria County, Texas
Thomas W. Fleming House (Fairmont, West Virginia), listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, West Virginia
Fleming-Watson Historic District, Fairmont, West Virginia, listed on the NRHP in West Virginia
David and Lucy Tarr Fleming Mansion, Wellsburg, West Virginia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Brooke County, West Virginia
See also
Thomas Fleming House (disambiguation) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Suleputer
Suleputer (セルピュータ) is a record label the Japanese game development company Capcom uses for its releases. Its name derives from the full name of Capcom: "(CAP)(SULE) (COM)(PUTER)(S)".
Discography
Biohazard 2 ReMIX ~met@morPhoses~ (1997)
Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes Original Soundtrack (1998)
Biohazard 2 Original Soundtrack (1998)
Biohazard: Symphony Op. 91: Crime and Punishment (1998)
Biohazard 2 Complete Track (1998)
Biohazard Orchestra (1999)
Biohazard Code: Veronica Original Soundtrack (2000)
Great Mahou Daisakusen Original Soundtrack (2000)
Dino Crisis 2 Original Soundtrack (2000)
Biohazard Code: Veronica Complete Original Soundtrack (2001)
Capcom Music Generation Family Computer Soundtracks Rockman 1~6 (2002)
STREET FIGHTER Tribute Album (2003)
Dino Crisis 3 Original Soundtrack (2003)
Viewtiful Joe + Viewtiful Joe 2 Original Soundtrack (2004)
Rockman Zero Complete Game Music Collection: Rockman Zero 1-3 (2004)
Biohazard Sound Chronicle (2005)
Biohazard 4 Original Soundtrack (2005)
Gyakuten Saiban Yomigaeru Gyakuten Original Soundtrack (2005)
Makaimura Music Collection (2005)
Goku Makaimura Original Soundtrack (2006)
Breath of Fire Original Soundtrack Special Box (2006)
Ōkami Piano Arrange (2007)
Dead Rising Original Soundtrack (2007)
Gyakuten Saiban Tokubetsu Hōtei 2008 (2008)
Biohazard 5 Original Soundtrack (2009)
E.X. Troopers The Bounded Soundtrack (2012)
External links
Suleputer
See also
List of record labels
Category:Japanese record labels
Category:Capcom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1990 Laurence Olivier Awards
The 1990 Laurence Olivier Awards were held in 1990 in London celebrating excellence in West End theatre by the Society of London Theatre. As the last ceremony was held in 1988, these awards honored productions from both 1989 and 1990.
Winners and nominees
{| class=wikitable width="100%"
|-
! width="50%" | Play of the Year
! width="50%" | Musical of the Year
|-
| valign="top" |
Racing Demon by David Hare – National Theatre Cottesloe
Ghetto by Joshua Sobol – National Theatre Olivier
Man of the Moment by Alan Ayckbourn – Globe
Shadowlands by William Nicholson – Queen's
| valign="top" |
Return to the Forbidden Planet – Cambridge Buddy – Victoria Palace
Miss Saigon – Theatre Royal Drury Lane
The Baker's Wife – Phoenix
|-
! colspan=2| Comedy of the Year
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Single Spies by Alan Bennett – National Theatre Lyttelton / Queen's Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell by Keith Waterhouse – Apollo
Some Americans Abroad by Richard Nelson – RSC at the Pit
Steel Magnolias by Robert Harling – Lyric
|-
! style="width="50%" | Actor of the Year
! style="width="50%" | Actress of the Year
|-
| valign="top" |
Oliver Ford Davies as The Rev. Lionel Espy in Racing Demon – National Theatre Cottesloe Nigel Hawthorne as C. S. Lewis in Shadowlands – Queens
Ian McKellen as Max in Bent – National Theatre Lyttelton and as Iago Othello – RSC at the Young Vic
Michael Pennington as Various in The Wars of the Roses – Old Vic
| valign="top" |
Fiona Shaw as Celia in As You Like It – Old Vic, as Electra in Electra – RSC at the Barbican Pit and as Shen Te/Shui Ta in The Good Person of Sichuan – National Theatre Olivier Sheila Hancock as Prin in Prin – Lyric
Jane Lapotaire as Joy Davidman in Shadowlands – Queens
Prunella Scales as Elizabeth II in Single Spies – National Theatre Lyttelton
|-
! style="width="50%" | Outstanding Performance of the Year by an Actor in a Musical
! style="width="50%" | Outstanding Performance of the Year by an Actress in a Musical
|-
| valign="top" |
Jonathan Pryce as The Engineer in Miss Saigon – Theatre Royal Drury Lane Alun Armstrong as Aimable Castagnet in The Baker's Wife – Phoenix
Matthew Devitt as Cookie in Return to the Forbidden Planet – Cambridge
Paul Hipp as Buddy Holly in Buddy – Victoria Palace
| valign="top" |
Lea Salonga as Kim in Miss Saigon – Theatre Royal Drury Lane Patricia Hodge as Gertrude Lawrence in Noël and Gertie – Comedy
Judy Kuhn as Futura/Maria in Metropolis – Piccadilly
Elaine Paige as Reno Sweeney in Anything Goes – Prince Edward
|-
! colspan=2| Comedy Performance of the Year
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Michael Gambon as Douglas Beechey in Man of the Moment – Globe Alex Jennings as Dorante in The Liar – Old Vic
Alfred Molina as Charlie Fox in Speed-the-Plow – National Theatre Lyttelton
Peter O'Toole as Jeffrey Bernard in Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell – Apollo
|-
! colspan=2| Outstanding Performance of the Year in a Supporting Role
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Michael Bryant as Polonius in Hamlet – National Theatre Olivier, as The Rev. Harry Henderson in Racing Demon and as Peacey in The Voysey Inheritance – National Theatre Cottesloe
Linda Kerr Scott as Djigan in Ghetto – National Theatre Olivier
Simon Russell Beale in as Danny in Playing with Trains, as Lord Are in Restoration, as Henry McNeil in Some Americans Abroad and as Sir Fopling Flutter The Man of Mode – RSC at the Barbican Pit
Zoë Wanamaker as Emilia in Othello – RSC at the Young Vic
|-
! colspan=2| Most Promising Newcomer of the Year in Theatre
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Jeremy Northam as Edward Voysey in The Voysey Inheritance – National Theatre Cottesloe
Glen Goei as Song Liling in M. Butterfly – Shaftesbury
Charlotte Keatley for writing My Mother Said I Never Should – Royal Court
Georgia Slowe as Juliet in Romeo and Juliet – RSC at the Barbican Pit
|-
! colspan=2| Director of the Year
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Michael Bogdanov for The Wars of the Roses – Old Vic Richard Eyre for Racing Demon and The Voysey Inheritance – National Theatre Cottesloe
Nicholas Hytner for Ghetto – National Theatre Olivier and Miss Saigon – Theatre Royal Drury Lane
Trevor Nunn for Othello – RSC at the Young Vic
|-
! colspan=2| Designer of the Year
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Bob Crowley for Ghetto, Hedda Gabler – National Theatre Olivier, Ma Rainey's Black Bottom – National Theatre Cottesloe and The Plantagenets – RSC at the Barbican The design team for Suicide for Love – National Theatre Lyttelton
Chris Dyer for The Merchant of Venice – Phoenix and The Wars of the Roses – Old Vic
John Napier for Miss Saigon – Theatre Royal Drury Lane and The Baker's Wife – Phoenix
|-
! colspan=2| Outstanding Achievement of the Year in Dance
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Kim Brandstrup for choreographing Orfeo, London Contemporary Dance Theatre – Sadler's Wells Nina Ananiashvili and Irek Mukhamedov for performing, Bolshoi Ballet – London Coliseum
David Bintley for choreographing Hobson's Choice, Sadler's Wells Royal Ballet – Royal Opera House
Siobhan Davies for choreographing Embarque, Rambert Dance Company – Sadler's Wells
Kenneth MacMillan for choreographing The Prince of the Pagodas, The Royal Ballet – Royal Opera House
Paul Taylor Dance Company for its season – Sadler's Wells
|-
! colspan=2| Outstanding Achievement in Opera
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Orpheus and Eurydice by Komische Oper – Royal Opera House Lear, English National Opera – London Coliseum
Survival Song, The Garden Venture – Donmar Warehouse
The Love for Three Oranges, English National Opera – London Coliseum
Un re in ascolto, The Royal Opera – Royal Opera House
|-
! colspan=2| Award for Outstanding Achievement
|-
| colspan=2 valign="top" |
Declan Donnellan for directing Fuenteovejuna – National Theatre Cottesloe' Ute Lemper for conceiving and performing Kurt Weill Evening – Almeida
Philip Prowse for directing The Vortex – Garrick
John Wood in The Master Builder and The Tempest – RSC at the Barbican
|}
Productions with multiple nominations and awards
The following 15 productions received multiple nominations:
5: Miss Saigon 4: Ghetto and Racing Demon 3: Othello, Shadowlands, The Baker's Wife, The Voysey Inheritance and The Wars of the Roses 2: Buddy, Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell, Man of the Moment, Miss Saigon Return to the Forbidden Planet, Single Spies and Some Americans AbroadThe following three productions received multiple awards:
3: Racing Demon 2: Miss Saigon and The Voysey Inheritance''
See also
44th Tony Awards
References
External links
Previous Olivier Winners – 1990
Category:Laurence Olivier Awards ceremonies
Laurence Olivier Awards, 1990
Category:1990 in London
Category:1990 awards in the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Montamentu
Montamentu is an African Caribbean ecstatic religion or spiritual philosophy found in Curaçao.
A modern-day form was introduced in the 1950s by immigrants from Santo Domingo.
The music which accompanies Montamentu is Tambú.
Notes
Category:Afro-Caribbean culture
Category:Afro-Dominican (Dominican Republic)
Category:Religion in the Dominican Republic
Category:Afro-Caribbean religion | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Michael Boadi
Michael Boadi (born 15 November 1969) is a session hairstylist and perfumer.
Career
Boadi was born to Ghanaian parents in Paddington, London. Upon leaving high school, Boadi emigrated to New York and took up hair styling. Despite having no formal qualifications in the field, Boadi showed great talent and in 1994 made his major debut working with photographer Nick Knight for a Vogue magazine shoot.
Following his establishment, Boadi has been in demand from and had his work published by fashion brands such as Gucci, Missoni, Chanel; in magazines including Vogue, W, I.D. and Pop. Boadi has worked alongside photographers including Steven Klein, Mert Alas, Marcus Piggott, Bert Stern, Peter Beard and Mario Testino. Boadi’s work has been previously modelled on Naomi Campbell, Kate Moss, Gisele Bündchen, Jennifer Lopez, Janet Jackson, Madonna, Björk and David Beckham.
Perfume
Boadi to date has established two perfume brands; Boadicea the Victorious, and Illuminum
Boadicea the Victorious
Boadicea the Victorious was launched by Boadi in 2008. The brand drew inspiration from the legend of Boadicea. Boadi described the choice of Boadicea was due to the connotations of ‘strength’ and ‘Britishness’, exhibiting a ‘Year 3000 Celtic’ design.
Illuminum
Boadi launched the “Illuminum” brand in 2011. The range classified scents according to four streams; citrus, floral, oud and musk. The Illuminum range contained 16 fragrances, with eight ingredients in each item.
The range has been linked with a number of celebrity clients, including Rihanna, Kanye West and Lady Gaga, but was most notably chosen by Kate Middleton for her marriage to Prince William in 2011.
References
Category:1969 births
Category:Living people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Karthaus
Karthaus may refer to the following:
Karthaus Township, Pennsylvania, a township in Clearfield County
Kartuzy, a town in Poland, known in German as Karthaus
Jim Karthaus, an Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond
Olaf Karthaus, a German polymer chemist
Karthaus/Certosa, a frazione of the municipality of Schnals/Senales in South Tyrol | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Johann von Eych
Johann von Eych (died 1464) was a German Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
Biography
Johann von Eych was born in Heldburg ca. 1404, the son of Karl von Eych and Margaretha von Heitburg. He enrolled at the University of Vienna in 1423, later attending the University of Padua and graduating in 1429 with a doctorate in Holy Scriptures and canon law.
He became a canon of Eichstätt Cathedral in 1430. He was a rector in Padua from 1433 to 1434. He became Vicar General of the Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt in 1435. He was dean of the faculty of law at the University of Vienna in 1435; again in 1437-38. He spent 1438-41 in the service of Albert II of Germany and Albert VI, Archduke of Austria. During this period, he served as a delegate to the Council of Florence. While at the Council, he began friendships with several prominent ecclesiastics with whom he would later maintain correspondence, including John of Capistrano, Nicholas of Cusa, Jakob von Tueckelhausen, and Bernhard von Waging, as well as with Ulrich Gossembrot, one of the foremost proponents of Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe. Eych returned to the University of Vienna as provost of its law faculty from 1441. After the Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (1443), he served as envoy from Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor to the Dauphin of France (afterwards Louis XI of France).
On 1 October 1445 the cathedral chapter of Eichstätt Cathedral elected him to be the Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt; his appointment was confirmed by Dietrich Schenk von Erbach, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz later that month. Eych was consecrated as a bishop by Peter von Schaumberg, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg, on 13 March 1446.
A reforming bishop, Eych implemented several of the decrees of the Council of Florence. On his initiative, the cathedral school of Ingolstadt was modified to found the University of Ingolstadt. He celebrated a synod in 1447.
In the consistory held in Viterbo on 31 May 1462, Pope Pius II made him a cardinal priest. He never received the red hat or a titulus.
He died in Eichstätt on 1 January 1464. He is buried in the Monastery of Saint Walpurga in Eichstätt.
References
Category:1464 deaths
Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Eichstätt
Category:German cardinals
Category:University of Vienna alumni
Category:University of Padua alumni
Category:Year of birth unknown | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Sunnybrook (Lower Pottsgrove Township, Pennsylvania)
Sunnybrook, also known as the Sunnybrook Park & Ballroom, Sunnybrook Convention Center: Colonial Restaurant, is a historic ballroom and restaurant located at Lower Pottsgrove Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1931 and expanded in 1937, and is a 26,000 square foot, one-story utilitarian frame building with exaggerated ceiling heights under various roof angles and heights. It was expanded again in 1964 with the addition of the Colonial Restaurant and in 1998 with a brewery/pub. Also on the property is a contributing two-story, frame bath house built in 1926. The buildings are part of the Sunnybrook Picnic Park complex.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.
References
External links
Sunny Brook homepage
Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1931
Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1937
Category:Houses completed in 1926
Category:Buildings and structures in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Holland's schema theorem
Holland's schema theorem, also called the fundamental theorem of genetic algorithms, is an inequality that results from coarse-graining an equation for evolutionary dynamics. The Schema Theorem says that short, low-order schemata with above-average fitness increase exponentially in frequency in successive generations. The theorem was proposed by John Holland in the 1970s. It was initially widely taken to be the foundation for explanations of the power of genetic algorithms. However, this interpretation of its implications has been criticized in several publications reviewed in , where the Schema Theorem is shown to be a special case of the Price equation with the schema indicator function as the macroscopic measurement.
A schema is a template that identifies a subset of strings with similarities at certain string positions. Schemata are a special case of cylinder sets, and hence form a topological space.
Description
Consider binary strings of length 6. The schema 1*10*1 describes the set of all strings of length 6 with 1's at positions 1, 3 and 6 and a 0 at position 4. The * is a wildcard symbol, which means that positions 2 and 5 can have a value of either 1 or 0. The order of a schema is defined as the number of fixed positions in the template, while the defining length is the distance between the first and last specific positions. The order of 1*10*1 is 4 and its defining length is 5. The fitness of a schema is the average fitness of all strings matching the schema. The fitness of a string is a measure of the value of the encoded problem solution, as computed by a problem-specific evaluation function. Using the established methods and genetic operators of genetic algorithms, the schema theorem states that short, low-order schemata with above-average fitness increase exponentially in successive generations. Expressed as an equation:
Here is the number of strings belonging to schema at generation , is the observed average fitness of schema and is the observed average fitness at generation . The probability of disruption is the probability that crossover or mutation will destroy the schema . It can be expressed as:
where is the order of the schema, is the length of the code, is the probability of mutation and is the probability of crossover. So a schema with a shorter defining length is less likely to be disrupted.An often misunderstood point is why the Schema Theorem is an inequality rather than an equality. The answer is in fact simple: the Theorem neglects the small, yet non-zero, probability that a string belonging to the schema will be created "from scratch" by mutation of a single string (or recombination of two strings) that did not belong to in the previous generation.
Limitation
The schema theorem holds under the assumption of a genetic algorithm that maintains an infinitely large population, but does not always carry over to (finite) practice: due to sampling error in the initial population, genetic algorithms may converge on schemata that have no selective advantage. This happens in particular in multimodal optimization, where a function can have multiple peaks: the population may drift to prefer one of the peaks, ignoring the others.
The reason that the Schema Theorem cannot explain the power of genetic algorithms is that it holds for all problem instances, and cannot distinguish between problems in which genetic algorithms perform poorly, and problems for which genetic algorithms perform well.
References
J. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, The MIT Press; Reprint edition 1992 (originally published in 1975).
J. Holland, Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity, Helix Books; 1996.
Category:Genetic algorithms
Category:Theorems in discrete mathematics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Functional leadership model
Functional leadership theory (Hackman & Walton, 1986; McGrath, 1962) is a theory for addressing specific leader behaviours expected to contribute to organizational or unit effectiveness. This theory argues that the leader's main job is to see that whatever is necessary to group needs is taken care of; thus, a leader can be said to have done their job well when they have contributed to group effectiveness and cohesion.
Functional theories of leadership are developed by studying successful leaders and identifying the actions and behaviours they show. Large studies with lots of data make it possible to correlate what leaders actually do, i.e. their actions or functions with their successful results.
In the functional leadership model, leadership does not rest with one person but rests on a set of behaviours by the group that gets things done. Any member of the group can perform these behaviours, so any member can participate in leadership. The Functional theory of leadership, places greater emphasis on how an organisation or task is being led rather than who has been formally assigned a leadership role.
One of the best known and most influential of functional theories of leadership, used in many leadership development programmes, is John Adair's "Action-Centred Leadership".
John Adair developed a model of Action-Centred Leadership that has connecting circles that overlap because:
the task can only be performed by the team and not by one person
the team can only achieve excellent task performance if all the individuals are fully developed
the individuals need the task to be challenged and motivated
Adair's model challenged trait theory by focusing on what leaders do. He showed that leadership could be taught and did not depend on the traits a person had.
The 8 functions of leadership
Adair noted the following 8 key functions for which team leaders are responsible. (Examples are given in brackets)
Defining the task, (by setting clear objectives through SMART goals)
Planning, (by looking at alternative ways to achieve the task and having contingency plans in case of problems)
Briefing the team, (by creating the right team climate, fostering synergy, and making the most of each individual through knowing them well)
Controlling what happens, (by being efficient in terms of getting maximum results from minimum resources)
Evaluating results, (by assessing consequences and identifying how to improve performance)
Motivating individuals, (by using both external motivators such as rewards and incentives as well as eliciting internal motivators on the part of each team player)
Organising people, (by organising self and others through good time management, personal development, and delegation)
Setting an example, (by the recognition that people observe their leaders and copy what they do).
Criticism of the model
Some people consider Adair's Three Circles Model too simplistic and to be outdated as it was developed in the 1970s.
Implications for the nature versus nurture debate
This question of whether leaders are born or made is part of the whole question of whether human behaviour is due to nature or nurture. It is a short leap from functional leadership theory, to the belief that if one person can do something, then others can also learn to do it. The implication that leaders are made and not necessarily born with the necessary traits for leadership, opened up the possibility of leadership development.
References
http://www.johnadair.co.uk/profiles.html
Hackman, J. R., & Walton, R. E. (1986). Leading groups in organizations. In P. S. Goodman, & Associates (Eds.), Designing effective work groups
(pp. 72–119). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
McGrath, J. E. (1962). Leadership behavior: Requirements for leadership training. Prepared for U.S. Civil Service Commission Office of Career
Development, Washington, D.C.. ⁎
Adair, J. (1973) Action-Centred Leadership. New York, : McGraw-Hill.
AstraZeneca (1999) Leadership in AstaZeneca. AstraZeneca HR, Dec 1999.
Bass, B. (1985) Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.
Bergmann, H., Hurson, K. and Russ-Eft, D. (1999) everyone a Leader: A grassroots model for the new workplace. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Blackler, F. and Kennedy, A. (2003) The Design of a Development Programme for Experienced Top Managers from the Public Sector. Working Paper, Lancaster University.
Department for Education and Skills (2003) Management andLeadership Attributes Framework. DfES Leadership and Personnel Division, April 2003.
Deutsche Lufthansa AG (1998) Leading With Goals: Lufthansa Leadership Compass. FRA PU/D, July 1998.
Katzenbach, J. and Smith, D. (1994) the Wisdom of Teams. New York: Harper business.
Lewin, K. (1935) A Dynamic Theory of Personality. New York, McGraw Hill.
Tichy, N. and Devanna, M. (1986) Transformational Leadership. New York: Wiley.
Category:Human resource management | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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John Monson, 11th Baron Monson
John Monson, 11th Baron Monson (3 May 1932 – 12 February 2011), was a British hereditary peer and crossbench member of the House of Lords. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. He was a civil liberties campaigner and president of the Society for Individual Freedom.
The son of John Roseberry Monson, the 10th Baron Monson, and Bettie Northrup Powell, he was educated at Eton College in Berkshire and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a B.A. degree in 1954. In 1958 Monson succeeded to his father's barony.
Monson married Emma Devas, daughter of Anthony Devas and Nicolette Macnamara, on 2 April 1955. The couple had three sons, including Nicholas who succeeded him. Nicholas's son, Alexander, died while in police custody in Kenya in May 2012 (according to a 2018 Kenyan court ruling, was murdered by police).
References
Sources
External links
Category:1932 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Category:Crossbench hereditary peers
Category:Hereditary peers elected under the House of Lords Act
Category:People educated at Eton College
John 11 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Adriel N. Williams
Brigadier General Adriel Newton Williams (August 11, 1916 – July 8, 2004) was a retired United States Air Force Brigadier General who was Director of Transportation, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.
Early life and education
Williams was born 1916 in Shelby County, Kentucky. He graduated from Shelbyville High School, 1933 and from Eastern Kentucky University in 1938. After graduation, he entered the "West Point of the Air" Randolph Field, Texas, for pilot training and received his pilot wings in 1939 at Kelly Field, Texas.
Military career
Williams was assigned as commanding officer of the First Transport Squadron in March 1942, and in the next nine months commanded the squadron at Patterson Field, Ohio, General Mitchell Field, in Milwaukee, and Pope Field, Fort Bragg. Following this assignment he became commander of the 436th Troop Carrier Group and remained as such throughout the remainder of World War II. This group pioneered in the early assault glider operations, participating in all major airborne assault operations in the European Theater. These included the Normandy invasion (D-Day), of southern France, the Nijmegen-Eindhoven, the Netherlands operation, resupply to the beleaguered 101st in Bastogne, and the crossing of the Rhine.
Following V-E Day, Williams returned to the United States with the 436th Troop Carrier Group, where the unit was to be reequipped with C-46s for duty in the Pacific theater. However, the war ended while the changes were being made and the 436th Troop Carrier Group was inactivated. Williams was then assigned as commander of the 434th Troop Carrier Group, located at George Army Air Field, Lawrenceville, Illinois, and later Greenville Air Base, South Carolina. He remained as commander until the 434th Group was inactivated in summer of 1947.
Williams attended the Armed Forces Staff College in Norfolk, Virginia, and upon graduation was assigned as commander of the 62nd Troop Carrier Group at McChord Air Force Base in Washington. He remained in command until July 1950 when he became assistant deputy chief of staff, operations, Tactical Air Command, Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. He remained in this assignment until receiving orders to the Air War College, Maxwell Air Force Base in 1952.
He graduated from the Air War College in June 1953 and was assigned commander of the Far East Air Forces, 315th Troop Carrier Wing, Brady Air Base, Kyushu, Japan. He was reassigned as commanding officer, 374th Troop Carrier Wing, Tachikawa Air Base, Japan, in March 1954, in which during the period the unit saw operation in the French Indo-Chinese War.
Upon his return from his duty in Japan, Williams was assigned to command the 314th Troop Carrier Wing, Sewart Air Force Base, Tennessee. In July 1957, he was assigned as inspector general, Headquarters Tactical Air Command, Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. At this point in his career, with the exception of the three school assignments, General Williams had been either directly in command of a troop carrier organization or in staff work directly concerned with airborne operations. He worked closely with such units as the 11th, 82d, and 101st airborne divisions. In early 1940 he was copilot on the aircraft that dropped the first Army paratrooper at Fort Benning, Georgia.
He graduated from the National War College in Washington, D.C., in 1959. Following graduation he was assigned to the Directorate of Plans, Deputy Chief of Staff, Plans and Programs, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, as assistant deputy director for policy. In August 1960, he became the deputy director for policy and on April 22, 1961, he was promoted to brigadier general He served in the Pentagon until he was assigned as the commander, Air Rescue Service in August 1963. He served as vice commander, Eastern Transport Air Force (Military Air Transport Service) (now Twenty-First Air Force, Military Airlift Command) from March 1965 to July 1966. General Williams assumed duties as director of Transportation, Headquarters U.S. Air Force in Washington, D.C. in August 1966.
His military decorations include the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters, Distinguished Flying Cross with three oak leaf clusters, Air Medal, Presidential Unit Citation, French Croix de Guerre with Palm, and The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant, Thailand. Williams, a command pilot, retired at the rank of Brigadier General on August 1, 1968.
Williams was married to Mary Daly and resided in Texas. He died in San Antonio, Texas, in 2004.
References
Category:1916 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:United States Air Force generals
Category:Recipients of the Air Medal
Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Appignano
Appignano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Macerata in the Italian region Marche, located about southwest of Ancona and about northwest of Macerata.
Appignano borders the following municipalities: Cingoli, Filottrano, Macerata, Montecassiano, Montefano, Treia.
Sights include the church of San Giovanni.
References
External links
Official website
Category:Cities and towns in the Marche
Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Davallia
Davallia (deersfoot fern, hare's foot fern, shinobu fern, rabbit foot fern, ball fern) is a genus of about 40 species of fern. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), it is the only genus in the family Davalliaceae, which is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae, order Polypodiales. Alternatively, the family may be placed in a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato as the subfamily Davallioideae.
The family is sister to the largest family of ferns, Polypodiaceae, and shares some morphological characters with it. Species are epiphytic ferns, with fronds arising from long aerial rhizomes which grow on and over thick bark on trees or on rock crevices.
Description
Usually epiphytic or epipetric. Rhizomes dictyostelic, dorsiventral, densely scaly. Stipes articulate at base. Phyllopodia short. veins free. Sporangium stalk 3-rowed. Annulus vertical. Spores monolete.
Taxonomy
Gymnogrammitis and Leucostegia were once included in Davalliaceae, but these are now known to belong elsewhere. Gymnogrammitis is in a clade with Selliguea and others in the family Polypodiaceae. Leucostegia is in the family Hypodematiaceae, which consists of Hypodematium and Leucostegia, and possibly Didymochlaena as well.
In 2008, a molecular phylogenetic study of Davalliaceae showed that none of the polyspecific genera recognized at that time were monophyletic. In that same year, a revision of the family divided it into five genera. One of these, Araiostegiella, was newly described. The genus Davallia was divided into two sections, named Davallia and Trogostolon. Based on molecular phylogenetic studies, the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts only one genus in the family, Davallia, sinking the other genera into synonymy. The study on which the PPG I circumscription is based divides the genus into seven sections.
Phylogeny
The following cladogram for the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I), based on the consensus cladogram in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), shows a likely phylogenetic relationship between Davalliaceae and the other families of the clade.
Selected species
Many of the species of Davallia are closely related and hard to distinguish from each other. In 1990, a treatment of Davalliaceae estimated the number of species at 110. A 2008 paper listed all of the species, recognizing only 63. A new species, Davallia napoensis was described in 2011. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) suggests there are about 65 species.
Davallia bullata - Japan, China, and tropical Asia.
Davallia canariensis - Canary Islands to Spain and north Africa.
Davallia denticulata - Africa, India, China, Malesia, Indonesia, Polynesia, Australia
Davallia divaricata (syn.: Davallia polyantha) - Tropical Asia.
Davallia embolostegia
Davallia fejeensis Hook (syn.: Davallia fijiensis) - Fiji Islands and Australia.
Davallia mariesii or "Squirrel's-foot fern" – tropical Asia and Malaysia
Davallia pectinata
Davallia repens
Davallia solida - Malaysia, Polynesia, and Queensland.
Davallia solida var. pyxidata - New South Wales
Davallia solida var. fejeensis (Hook.) Noot. - endemic to Fiji
Davallia tasmanii - Davallia fern, native to the Three Kings Islands.
Davallia trichomanoides (syn.: Davallia dissecta) - Malaysia.
Distribution and habitat
Davalliaceae is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Plants are usually epiphytic, sometimes lithophytic or terrestrial.
Davallia as house plants
Many species of Davallia are in cultivation, with Davallia tyermanii, Davallia fejeensis, and Davallia solida being perhaps the most well-known. A key to the cultivated species of Davallia is available. D. polypodiaceae, D. canariensis and D. trichomanoides are also grown as ornamental plants. D. fejeensis is the most common Davallia species in commerce, and D. canariensis is widely grown as a house plant.
The plants have furry rhizomes which cover the surface of the potting mixture as well as root down into it. The fronds are triangular in shape and about 1½ feet long by 1 foot wide. They divide into three to four pinnae which subdivide into many pinnules. Davallia are often used in hanging baskets because the rhizomes split into sections and the surface is covered quickly. Unlike other ferns, Davallia tolerate low levels of humidity.
References
Lorenzi, H. & Souza, M. S. (2001). Plantas Ornamentais no Brasil: arbustivas, herbáceas e trepadeiras. Plantarum
Key, K. & Baines, J. (1974). El ABC de las Plantas de Interior. Blume
Hay, R., McQuown G., & Beckett, K. (1976). Diccionario ilustrado en color de plantas de interior. Gustavo Gili
Hellyer, A. (1976). The Collingridge Encyclopedia of Gardening. Hamlyn
Bornhorst, Heidi. Davallia fern has many names, various uses. Honolulu Advertiser, November 11, 2001. (accessed October 8, 2015)
External links
Category:Davalliaceae
Category:Epiphytes
Category:Fern genera
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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AXN White
AXN White is a channel operated by Sony Pictures Television International Networks Europe. Its programming is focused on television series and movies. The channel was launched in Portugal on 14 April 2008 and in Spain on May 7, 2012 and replaced Sony Entertainment Television.
The channel replaced AXN Crime on 1 October 2013 in Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Moldova.
On October 3 2017 the channel was replaced by Sony Max in Hungary.
Television series on AXN White
All Saints
The Amazing Race
The Big Bang Theory
Carpoolers
Community
Cougar Town
Devious Maids
Drop Dead Diva
Frasier
Gossip Girl
The Guardian
Haven
How to Get Away with Murder
In Case of Emergency
Joan of Arcadia
Judging Amy
Lincoln Heights
McLeod's Daughters
Medium
Miracles
The Mentalist
Naked Josh
One Tree Hill
Offspring
Packed to the Rafters
Parks and Recreation
Party of Five
Pretty Little Liars
Privileged
Private Practice
Relic Hunter
Sabrina, the Teenage Witch
Scandal
The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Sex and the City
Station 19
Switched at Birth
Top Chef
Two and a Half Men
The West Wing
Unsolved Mysteries
Young Sheldon
References
Gallery
External links
Category:AXN
Category:Television stations in Portugal
Category:Television stations in Spain
Category:Sony Pictures Entertainment
Category:Sony Pictures Television
Category:Portuguese-language television stations
Category:Television channels and stations established in 2008
Category:2008 establishments in Portugal | {
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Luke McGregor
Luke William McGregor is an award-winning Australian comedian, writer and actor, who has performed at various national and international comedy festivals, as himself in many TV shows, and is known for his roles in the ABC TV series Utopia and Rosehaven.
Early career and education
McGregor grew up in Hobart, Tasmania, and attended Dominic College and the University of Tasmania, where he spent seven years studying law, philosophy, teaching, physics, with an eye to studying medicine, finally graduating with a combined Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Economics degree. After graduation, McGregor worked for Centrelink and Medicare, amongst other jobs.
Aged 25, he went along to a comedy gig with a friend and got up on stage and spoke for about five minutes. Other comedians encouraged him to continue.
In 2008 he launched his comedy career, and was a national finalist in Raw Comedy.
Career
McGregor was a cast member on the RMITV flagship production Studio A until its final season in 2011.
In 2014, McGregor appeared as a guest on Dirty Laundry Live.
He first performed at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in 2013, winning Best Newcomer for his show My Soulmate is Out of My League. A review of the show appeared in the Herald Sun which gave the show a four-star rating. He has also performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
He appeared in ABC TV comedy series It's a Date in 2013–2014, followed by The Time of Our Lives (2013), Legally Brown and the first two seasons of Utopia (2014–2015).
In 2016 he collaborated with Celia Pacquola to write and star in the series Rosehaven.
His six-part comedy documentary series Luke Warm Sex, a show on sexuality and body image, began aired on the ABC from March 2016.
Filmography
Television
Film
Awards
Best Newcomer, Melbourne International Comedy Festival, 2013
Best Newcomer, Sydney Comedy Festival, 2014
Best Comedy Script, AWGIE Awards, 2017, for Rosehaven co-written with Celia Pacquola.
Logie Award for Most Popular Actor, 2019, for Rosehaven
References
External links
(includes all appearances and awards)
Luke McGregor on Twitter
Category:Living people
Category:RMITV alumni
Category:University of Tasmania alumni
Category:Australian male comedians
Category:Comedians from Melbourne
Category:1983 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Hamamelis virginiana
Hamamelis virginiana, known as witch-hazel, common witch-hazel, and American witch-hazel, is a species of flowering shrub native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota, and south to central Florida to eastern Texas.
Description
It is a small, deciduous tree or shrub growing up to 6 m (rarely to 10 m) tall, often with a dense cluster of stems from its base. The bark is light brown, smooth, scaly, inner bark reddish purple. The branchlets are pubescent at first, later smooth, light orange brown, marked with occasional white dots, finally dark or reddish brown. The foliage buds are acute, slightly falcate, downy, light brown. The leaves are oval, long and broad, oblique at the base, acute or rounded at the apex, with a wavy-toothed or shallowly lobed margin, and a short, stout petiole long; the midrib is more or less hairy, stout, with six to seven pairs of primary veins. The young leaves open involute, covered with stellate rusty down; when full grown, they are dark green above, and paler beneath. In fall, they turn yellow with rusty spots. The leaf stipules are lanceolate, acute; they fall soon after the leaf expands.
The flowers are pale to bright yellow, rarely orange or reddish, with four ribbon-shaped petals long and four short stamens, and grow in clusters; flowering begins in about mid-fall and continues until late fall. The flower calyx is deeply four-parted, very downy, orange brown within, imbricate in bud, persistent, cohering with the base of the ovary. Two or three bractlets appear at base. The fruit is a hard woody capsule long, which splits explosively at the apex at maturity one year after pollination, ejecting the two shiny black seeds up to distant from the parent plant. It can be distinguished from the related Hamamelis vernalis by its flowering in fall, not winter.
Ecology
It supports 62 species of caterpillars.
Uses
Native Americans produced witch hazel extract by boiling the stems of the shrub and producing a decoction, which was used to treat swellings, inflammations, and tumors. Early Puritan settlers in New England adopted this remedy from the natives, and its use became widely established in the United States.
An extract of the plant is used in the astringent witch hazel.
H. virginiana produces a specific kind of tannins called hamamelitannins. One of those substances displays a specific cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells.
The bark and leaves were used by Native Americans in the treatment of external inflammations. Pond's Extract was a popular distillation of the bark in dilute alcohol.
The wood is light reddish brown, sapwood nearly white; heavy, hard, close-grained, with a density of 0.68.
The forked twigs of witch-hazel are preferred as divining rods.
References
External links
Category:Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
Category:Hamamelidaceae
Category:Trees of the Southeastern United States
Category:Trees of the Northeastern United States
Category:Plants described in 1753
Category:Trees of the Great Lakes region (North America) | {
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Sir John Borlase Warren (1800 ship)
Sir John Borlase Warren (henceforth Sir John), was launched in 1800. She traded with the West Indies after having made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). A French privateer captured her in 1808 though she was immediately recaptured. Her crew abandoned her in 1812 but she was recovered. She foundered in 1815.
Career
Sir John appeared in the 1801 Register of Shipping with W. Neil, master, Noble & Co., owners, and trade Plymouth–India. Messrs Princip & Saunders tendered her to the EIC to bring back rice from Bengal. She was one of 28 vessels that sailed on that mission between December 1800 and February 1801.
Captain William James Davis sailed on 28 December 1800 for Bengal. Sir John was at Falmouth on 24 January 1801 and arrived at Calcutta on 29 May. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 13 September, and reached the Cape of Good Hope on 30 December and St Helena on 28 January 1802. Sir John Borlase Warren left St Helena on 31 January 1802, in company with . Sir John arrived at The Downs on 11 April.
The data below is from Lloyd's Register.
What Lloyd's Register did not record was that in 1805–1806, Sir John was one of the transport vessels that were part of the expedition under General Sir David Baird and Admiral Sir Home Riggs Popham that would in 1806 capture the Dutch Cape Colony.
Sir John sailed in March 1806 as one of seven cartel ships repatriating to Holland the Dutch troops captured at the Cape, and their dependents.
On 12 September 1808 a French privateer captured Sir John as Sir John was sailing from Haiti to Bermuda with troops. The British recaptured Sir John the same day.
The data below is from the Register of Shipping from 1810 on. Lloyd's Register apparently did not list Sir John after 1809. The data is only as accurate as owners cared to keep it.
On 2 September 1812 her crew abandoned Sir John in position . Lloyd's List listed her master as Jowell, and described her as being a wreck. However, she was picked up, towed in, and repaired.
Loss
On 22 October 1815 Sir John, Ancell, master, was in position . She was sailing from Savannah, Georgia, to Barbados when her crew abandoned her as she had six feet of water in her hold. The crew arrived at Jamaica.
The Register of Shipping listed Sir John with unchanging, stale data for at least six years after her loss, while showing her last survey as taking place in 1814.
Citations and references
Citations
References
Hardy, Charles (1800) A Register of Ships, Employed in the Service of the Hon. the United East India Company, from the Union of the Two Companies, in 1707, to the Year 1760: Specifying the Number of Voyages, Tonnage, Commanders, and Stations. To which is Added, from the Latter Period to the Present Time, the Managing Owners, Principal Officers, Surgeons, and Pursers; with the Dates of Their Sailing and Arrival: Also, an Appendix, Containing Many Particulars, Interesting to Those Concerned in the East India Commerce. (Charles Hardy).
Theal, George McCall, ed., (1899) Records of the Cape Colony: Feb. 1803-July 1806. (Government of the Cape Colony).
Category:1800 ships
Category:Ships of the British East India Company
Category:Age of Sail merchant ships of England
Category:Captured ships
Category:Maritime incidents in 1812
Category:Maritime incidents in 1815 | {
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Nadia Chilkovsky Nahumck
Nadia Chilkovsky Nahumck (born January 8, 1908, Kiev, Russian Empire – died April 23, 2006) was a pioneer in modern dance, dance pedagogy and Labanotation.
History
She began her dance studies in Philadelphia in 1924 at Riva Hoffman's studio. Hoffman was a proponent of Isadora Duncan's dance style. Nahumck danced with the Irma Duncan company from 1930–31 and was well known as a premier Duncan dancer. In 1929 she moved to New York City and studied with Hanya Holm, Mary Wigman, Martha Graham, Louis Horst, and at Anna Duncan's studio. In 1931 Nahumck co-founded the New Dance Group.
She returned from New York to Philadelphia around 1943. The next year she established her own dance school, the Philadelphia Dance Academy, which incorporated modern, folk, ballet, Duncan and other dance traditions, as well as Labanotation. Nahumck's Philadelphia Dance Academy was absorbed by the Philadelphia College of the Performing Arts in 1977 and continues today as the University of the Arts School of Dance.
Husband
Nadia Chilkovsky wed Nicholas Nahumck in 1941; he died in 1993.
Death
Nadia Chilkovsky Nahumck died in 2006, aged 98, at the Sunrise Senior Living Center in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania.
References
Sources
The University of the Arts University Libraries. University of the Arts Name Changes
Dunning, Jennifer. "Nadia Chilkovsky Nahumck, 98, Dancer" (obituary), "New York Times", April 29, 2006
Garafola, Lynn, ed. "Of, By, and For the People: Dancing on the Left in the 1930s". Madison, WI: Society of Dance History Scholars, 1994.
International Encyclopedia of Dance: A Project of Dance Perspectives, Inc. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. See index under Chilkovsky and under Nahumck.
Lloyd, Margaret. The Borzoi Book of Modern Dance. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949.
"N. C. Nahumck, 98, dance innovator" (obituary), Philadelphia Inquirer, May 1, 2006, p. B14
Foulkes, Julia L. "'Angels Rewolt!': Jewish Women in Modern Dance in the 1930s." American Jewish History, v. 88, no. 2 (June 2000), pp. 233–252.
Kevles, Barbara. "A 20th Century School of Dance.", Dance Magazine, v. 38 (May 1964), pp. 20–22.
Category:1908 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:American female dancers
Category:American dancers
Category:American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Category:People from Kiev
Category:People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Category:Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States
Category:Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Category:20th-century American dancers | {
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} |
Wilson Francisco Alves
Wilson Francisco Alves - also known as Wilson only - (21 December 1927 – 12 July 1998) was a Brazilian football player and manager. The defender had his greatest successes with CR Vasco da Gama in the 1940s and 1950s, a club then known as Expresso da Vitória. With the Brazilian national team he won a South American Championship. A highlight of his coaching years was the winning of a State Championship of Paraná.
Career
Born Rio de Janeiro, Wilson started to play at the age of 16 with the local club EC São José in Rio de Janeiro. From 1943 to 1952 he was part of CR Vasco da Gama, where he won five State Championships of Rio de Janeiro. The highlight of this period was the victory in the South American Championship of Champions 1948 in Chile, the predecessor of today's Copa Libertadores. From the decisive match of the tournament against Argentina's Champions CA River Plate it is reported that he marked the young Alfredo Di Stéfano "to perfection". Other notable players of Vasco in this era, remembered as o Expresso da Vitória ("the Victory Express") and managed initially by Ondino Viera and from 1947 by Flávio Costa, were amongst others the captain Augusto, goalkeeper Moacyr Barbosa and the attackers Jair da Rosa Pinto, Ademir Menezes and Chico.
Wilson was a core player of the Brazilian team that won the South American Football Championship of 1949. Altogether he played five times for his country, all matches in the successful tournament. Wilson finished his career as player until 1957 with Portuguesa and Santos FC where he won twice the São Paulo State Championship, generally known as Campeonato Paulista.
Wilson, frequently called Capão after Morro do Capão in Rio where he was born, then started a career as coach. In 1966 and 1967 he led Portuguesa through the matches of the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, precursor to the national championship competition.
Between 1977 and 1982 he managed the campaigns of Grêmio Maringá, EC Comercial from Campo Grande (MS) and América FC from São José do Rio Preto (SP) in the national championships.
But on most occasions he coached small to midsize teams in small to midsize towns. in 1961 he took A. Prudentina EA from Presidente Prudente for the first time to the first division of the São Paulo state league.
With Grêmio Maringá he won in 1977 the State Championship of Paraná, prevailing against the Coritiba Foot Ball Club in the finals with results of 1-0 and 1-1. With EC São Bento from Sorocaba (SP) he won the championships of the interior of the years 1964 and 1965 and in 1981 he defeated the national team of Saudi Arabia 1-0. Beyond this he coached numerous other clubs of the interior. Football-magazine Placar named him in 1975 in an article devoted to him the "best paid coach of the interior" and described him as rather focussing on friendship amongst the players, rather than "complicated tactics".
Wilson Francisco Alves, the Capão, died in São Paulo on 12 July 1998 at the age of 70 - the same day, when Brazil lost the final of the World Cup in France.
Honours
As player
Brazil
South American Football Championship: 1949
Clubs
South American Championship of Champions: 1948
State Championship of Rio de Janeiro: 1945, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952
State Championship of São Paulo: 1955, 1956
As coach
Clubs
State Championship of Paraná: 1977
References
External links
Perfil de atletas que disputaram a Copa América, Wilson, Confederação Brasileira de Futebol
Wilson - Wilson Francisco Alves, Sambafoot
Wilson Francisco Alves, GloboEsporte, Futpédia
Wilson Francisco Alves "Capão" - o amigão., Marília Atlético Clube
Category:1927 births
Category:1998 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Brazilian footballers
Category:Brazilian football managers
Category:Brazil international footballers
Category:CR Vasco da Gama players
Category:Associação Portuguesa de Desportos players
Category:Santos FC players
Category:Esporte Clube São Bento managers
Category:Associação Portuguesa de Desportos managers
Category:Guarani FC managers
Category:América Futebol Clube (SP) managers
Category:Paulista Futebol Clube managers
Category:Esporte Clube Noroeste managers
Category:Marília Atlético Clube managers
Category:Grêmio de Esportes Maringá managers
Category:Esporte Clube Taubaté managers
Category:Volta Redonda Futebol Clube managers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Fred Vinson (disambiguation)
Fred M. Vinson (1890–1953) was a politician who served as United States Secretary of the Treasury and Chief Justice of the United States.
Fred Vinson may also refer to:
Fred Vinson (basketball) (born 1971), American professional basketball player
Fred Vinson (American football) (born 1977), American football defensive back | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Aleksandr Yatsenko
Aleksandr Viktorovich Yatsenko (; born 22 May 1977) is a Russian actor. He appeared in more than thirty films since 2003.
Selected filmography
References
External links
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Volgograd
Category:Russian male film actors
Category:Russian male television actors
Category:Recipients of the Nika Award
Category:Russian Academy of Theatre Arts alumni
Category:21st-century Russian male actors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lotta Immonen
Lotta Immonen (born March 22, 1996) is a Finnish female curler. She is a two-time Finnish women's champion (2018, 2019).
Teams
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:1996 births
Category:Finnish female curlers
Category:Finnish curling champions | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans
Dr. André Joseph Guillaume Henri 'Dok' Kostermans (Purworejo, 1 July 1906 – Jakarta, 10 July 1994) was an Indonesian botanist of Dutch ancestry. He was born in Purworejo, Java, Dutch East Indies, and educated at Utrecht University, taking his doctoral degree in 1936 with a paper on Surinamese Lauraceae.
He spent most of his professional life studying the plants of southeastern Asia, settled at Buitenzorg, later Bogor, Indonesia. At an early stage in his career he also contributed a number of family treatments to Pulle's Flora of Suriname. Kostermans was especially interested in Lauraceae, Malvales (Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae), and Dipterocarpaceae. In later years he turned his attention to Asian Anacardiaceae. He was a productive worker and published extensively on these and other groups.
The genus Kostermansia Soegeng, of the family Bombacaceae, and over 50 species were named in his honour.
Kostermans suffered a heart attack in March 1991, but his letter to his friend written in April 1991 stated "some writing (including) putting the finishing touch to a fat manuscript on the Mango species (69 species) ... If I am lucky I shall have a chance to see it." Kostermans did live to see it published by Academic Press in 1993. He died in Indonesia in 1994.
References
ASPT NEWSLETTER 9(1) January 1995 URL accessed 26 March 2006.
External links
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland: André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans
Image of grave
Category:1906 births
Category:1994 deaths
Category:deaths in Indonesia
Category:20th-century botanists
Category:Dutch botanists
Category:Dutch expatriates in Indonesia
Category:People from Purworejo Regency
Category:People of the Dutch East Indies
Category:Utrecht University alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2 Squadron
2 Squadron may refer to:
Air Force
No. 2 Squadron RAF
No. 2 Squadron RAF Regiment
No. 2 Squadron RAAF
No. 2 Squadron RCAF
No. 2 Squadron RFC - which became No. 2 Squadron RAF in 1918
2 Squadron RNZAF
2 Squadron SAAF
No. 2 Squadron, Indian Air Force
2nd Airlift Squadron - Polish Air Force
2d Space Operations Squadron
No. 2 Airfield Defence Squadron RAAF
2d Fighter Squadron
2d Airlift Squadron
Naval Units
2nd Battle Squadron (United Kingdom)
2nd Frigate Squadron (United Kingdom)
2nd Battlecruiser Squadron (United Kingdom) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Gfarm file system
Gfarm file system is an open-source distributed file system, generally used for large-scale cluster computing and wide-area data sharing, and provides features to manage replica location explicitly. The name is derived from the Grid Data Farm architecture it implements.
Grid Datafarm is a petascale data-intensive computing project initiated in Japan. The project is a collaboration among High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), High Performance Computing Infrastructure project, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology and University of Tsukuba. The challenge involves construction of a Peta- to Exascale parallel filesystem exploiting local storage of PCs spread over the worldwide Grid.
See also
Distributed file system
List of file systems, the distributed parallel fault-tolerant file system section
References
External links
Gfarm file system Home Page
Gfarm project page at SourceForge
Category:Distributed file systems
Category:Distributed file systems supported by the Linux kernel
Category:Network file systems | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Toc Toc
Toc Toc is a 2017 Spanish comedy film directed by Vicente Villanueva, starring Rossy de Palma, Paco León, Inma Cuevas, Óscar Martínez, Alexandra Jiménez, Adrián Lastra and Ana Rujas and distributed by Warner Bros. The film portrays a group of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The film’s title is a play on words in Spanish, with “toc” being both the onomatopoeia for “knock” and the abbreviation for OCD in Spanish (trastorno obsesivo compulsivo). It is the film adaptation of a French play by Laurent Baffie.
The film was shown during the summer of 2018 as part of the Cine de Verano in Sevilla, Spain.
Plot
A group of patients with OCD, each thinking they have an appointment for a private session with a famous psychologist, arrive to find others have appointments at the same time and that the doctor is delayed. While waiting for the doctor to arrive they get to know each other and, finally, decide to do their own group therapy session.
The session is successful insofar as all the patients feel they have briefly overcome their compulsions and can build on that success. They agree to meet once a week on their own to continue working together. At the end it is revealed that one of the "patients" is actually the doctor. As the credits roll we see each of the patients making progress as they live their lives.
Cast
References
External links
Category:Spanish films
Category:2010s comedy films
Category:Spanish comedy films
Category:2017 films
Category:Spanish-language films
Category:Mental illness in films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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