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Time of Your Life (1963 TV series)
Time of Your Life is a Canadian television youth variety show which aired on CBC Television from 1963 to 1965.
Premise
Various types of performances and films were featured in Time of Your Life. Guests included actress Susan Conway and musician Harry Somers who led monthly concert episodes during the debut season. The program's musical director was Paul Hoffert (Lighthouse). Time of Your Life also provided opportunities for emerging television writers.
Scheduling
The first two seasons were broadcast for an hour on Sundays at 2:00 p.m. (Eastern), from 6 January to 30 June 1963, then 5 January to 28 June 1964. The final runs of the program were half-hour episodes on Sundays at 5:30 p.m. from 4 October 1964 to 31 January 1965, then finally from 4 April to 27 June 1965.
References
External links
Category:1963 Canadian television series debuts
Category:1965 Canadian television series endings
Category:CBC Television shows | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Donald Mackenzie-Kennedy
Sir Henry Charles Donald Cleaveland Mackenzie-Kennedy (1889 – 2 August 1965) was a British colonial administrator who was Governor of Nyasaland between 1939 and 1942, and 25th Governor of Mauritius from 5 July 1942 to 5 December 1948.
In 1930, Mackenzie-Kennedy was Chief Secretary of Northern Rhodesia. He was urged to deny the Ndola Welfare Association permission to meet, since mine owner might react unfavorably to an organization such as this being led by civil servants.
In June 1935, Mackenzie-Kennedy wrote to Sir Stewart Gore-Browne urging him to stand for election in Broken Hill. He said "Your duty is clear".
Family
Henry Charles Donald Cleaveland Mackenzie-Kennedy was the son of Maj.-Gen. Sir Edward Charles William Mackenzie-Kennedy K.B.E. C.B. and his wife Ethel née Fuller. His birth was registered in the Sep Q of 1889 at Hastings, Sussex.
He married Mildred daughter of Rev. J.G. Munday and his wife Edith née Chadwick in 1919 in the Wandsworth registration district of London.
References
Sources
Category:Governors of British Mauritius
Category:Governors of Nyasaland
Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:1889 births
Category:1965 deaths
Category:British Mauritius in World War II | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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National Alignment
National Alignment (EP, Greek: Εθνική Παράταξις (Ε.Π.), Ethniki Parataxis) was a nationalist-conservative Greek political party that contested only the 1977 legislative election, winning 7% of the vote and five seats. It was founded by conservatives who split from Konstantinos Karamanlis and his New Democracy party, who resented Karamanlis moving towards the center and distancing himself from hard-right elements, and alleged that Karamanlis had given too many concessions to the left, in particular by legalizing the Communist Party of Greece and overseeing the imprisonment of the leaders of the 1967–1974 junta. The EP's leader was Stefanos Stefanopoulos (who had briefly been prime minister in 1965, during Apostasia), and its deputy leader was Spyros Theotokis (a former member of the National Radical Union). Although the party was not officially royalist, Theotokis was a noted royalist, giving the party somewhat of an association with the monarchist right.
The party merged into New Democracy before the 1981 election, mollified by some concessions from George Rallis, and giving as a reason its desire to avoid splitting the "anti-Marxist" front. Theotokis, by that time the EP's leader, gained a parliamentary seat in the election as a New Democracy deputy.
Electoral results
References
Category:Political parties established in 1977
Category:Monarchist parties in Greece
Category:Defunct nationalist parties in Greece
Category:1977 establishments in Greece
Category:Political parties disestablished in 1981
Category:1981 disestablishments in Greece | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Yelena Volkova (swimmer)
Yelena Volkova (Елена Юрьевна Волкова), born 27 May 1968, is a former swimmer from the Soviet Union who won the gold medal in the 200 meters breaststroke at the 1991 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia. She represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Olympics where she finished 5th in the 100 meters breaststroke, and the Unified Team at the 1992 Olympics.
Personal life
Volkova's husband Gennadiy Prigoda was also an Olympic swimmer. Elena Volkova and Gennadiy Prigoda has a son named Kirill Prigoda, who competed in the men's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Yelena VOLKOVA at the-sports.org
Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Female breaststroke swimmers
Category:Soviet female swimmers
Category:Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Category:European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Category:Olympic swimmers of the Soviet Union
Category:Olympic swimmers of the Unified Team
Category:Universiade medalists in swimming
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Universiade silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Category:Universiade bronze medalists for the Soviet Union | {
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Nick Stagliano
Nick Stagliano is a film director and producer.
He has been president and producer/director of the Nazz Productions Inc., a New York-based producer and distributor of film and television entertainment contents.
Director credits
The Florentine (1999)
Home of Angels (1994)
Good Day for It (2011)
Producer
The 24th Day (2004)
The Florentine (1999)
References
External links
Official website
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:American film directors
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:American film producers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Sadashiv
Sadashiv may refer to:
Anant Sadashiv Altekar (1898–1960), historian, archaeologist, and numismatist from Maharashtra, India
Sadashiv Amrapurkar (1950–2014), Indian actor, best known in Marathi and Hindi films during 1983 to 1999
Sadashiv Rao Bhau (1730–1761), son of Chimaji Appa and Rakhmabai and the nephew of Peshwa Baji Rao I
Sadashiv Datar (born 1885), Indian long-distance runner
Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (1893–1983), Indian professor of sociology
Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar, the second Sarsanghchalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
Sadashiv Vasantrao Gorakshkar, Indian writer, art critic, museologist
Madhav Sadashiv Gore (1921–2010), Indian social scientist, writer, vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi
Narayan Sadashiv Hosmane, Indian-born cancer research scientist, research professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Sadashiv Iyer (born 1972), Indian former first class cricketer
Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje (1884–1967), Indian revolutionary, scholar, agricultural scientist and historian
Vishnu Sadashiv Kokje, the Governor of Himachal Pradesh, India, from 2003 to 2008
Sadashiv Lokhande, member of the 16th Lok Sabha of India
Sadashiv Kanoji Patil (1898–1981), former Congress leader from Maharashtra
Sadashiv Patil (born 1933), former Indian cricketer
Anant Sadashiv Patwardhan, Indian politician from the state of the Madhya Pradesh
Vasant Sadashiv Pradhan (1914–2002), Bharatiya Jan Sangh politician from Madhya Pradesh
Karnad Sadashiv Rao (1881–1937), Indian freedom fighter from Karnataka, India
Malhar Sadashiv (1912–1997), Indian industrialist
Pandurang Sadashiv Sane (1899–1950), Marathi author, teacher, social activist and freedom fighter
Sadashiv Shinde (1923–1955), Indian cricketer
Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman (born 1913 in Gwalior), Indian naval officer in command of the Indian Navy 1962–1966
See also
Sadashiv Pethi literature, term used to criticize mainstream Marathi literature
Sadashiv Peth, Pune, area located in Pune City, in Maharashtra State, India
Ekta Jeev Sadashiv, 1972 Marathi film directed by Govind Kulkarni and starring Dada Kondke and Usha Chavan
Sadashivgad | {
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Henri Bogaert
Henri Bogaert, born on April 22, 1948, is a Belgian economist. From 1993 to 2014, he has been director of the Belgian Federal Planning Bureau (Plan Commissioner) and, until he retired in 2017, he was also professor of economic policy at the University of Namur.
Biography
Bogaert studied economics at the University of Namur (Belgium). After his studies he worked for the Belgian Federal Planning Bureau as a member of the team undertaking macro-economic modelling, analyses and forecasts. In 1980, he anticipated the explosion of public debt in Belgium and pointed out "the snowball effect of debt". In 1982, he was part of the team responsible for preparing the devaluation of the Belgian franc. From 1989 to 1990, he participated in the foundation of a private company (ADE) specialized in economic studies. From 1990 to 1992, as deputy director of the economic advisers of the Prime Minister, he prepared the first Belgian convergence programme designed to introduce the euro. In 1993, he was appointed director of the Federal Planning Bureau by the Government and took part in the group of experts designated by the Government to prepare the Social Pact that would lead the government to adopt the "Global Plan for employment, competitiveness and social security" which aimed to restore the Belgian economy after the sharp crisis in 1993. Henri Bogaert has also been member and chairman of the European Economic Policy Committee as well as, from 2000 to 2010, Chairman of the Working Group on ageing of population and fiscal sustainability. In this context, he contributed to the addition of criteria for sustainability of public finances to the Stability and Growth Pact. In addition, he has been Deputy Chairman of the OECD Economic Policy Committee.
Selected publications
Bogaert, H., Déficit des finances publiques: l’effet boule de neige, 6ème Congrès des économistes de langue française, CIFoP (1984)
Bogaert, H., T. de Biolley and R. Maldague : Between Theory and Policy : Is the Planner a Necessary Go-Between ?, in A. Steinherr and D. Weiserbs (eds), Employment and Growth: Issues for the 1980s. . 1987, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht.
Bogaert, H., T. de Biolley and J. Verlinden, 1990. A Disequilibrium Model of the Belgian Economy. Economic Modelling, p. 310-375
Bogaert, H., B. Delbecque (1994), L’incidence de la dette publique et du vieillissement démographique sur la conduite de la politique budgétaire : une étude théorique appliquée au cas de la Belgique, Bureau fédéral du Plan, Planning Paper n° 70.
Bogaert H. and Père T., Consolidation of public finances in Belgium: an example of application of European norms in a state with a federal structure, in Banca d’Italia ed. Fiscal Rules, Rome (2001).
Bogaert, H., Dobbelaere, L., Hertveldt, B. and Lebrun, I., Fiscal Councils, independent forecasts and the budgetary process: lessons from the Belgian case, Belgian Federal Planning Bureau, W.P. 4-06. (2006).
References
External links
Bogaert's web site at the University of Namur
Bogaert's web page at the Federal Planning Bureau.
Category:1948 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belgian economists
Category:Université de Namur alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Abhaya Indrayan
Abhaya Indrayan (born 11 November 1945) is an Indian professor and researcher of Biostatistics. He had worked with different organizations and universities, including Delhi University College of Medical Sciences and the World Health Organization.
Abhaya currently resides in Delhi NCR, India after his retirement. He is married and has two children.
Early life and education
Abhaya Indrayan was born on 11 November 1945, in Meerut, India. He was born during the time that India was fighting for its freedom from the British rule. That was the reason why his father, who was a freedom fighter, was jailed repeatedly for long periods.
Abhaya took his early education in Meerut from N.A.S. Inter. College and Meerut College. In 1977, he received his master's degree and Doctoral degree from The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Career
Abhaya Indrayan was the founding Professor and Head of the Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics in Delhi University College of Medical Sciences. In 1995, his department was set up as an independent division, and was upgraded to a full department in 2005.
During his tenure in the college since 1979, he had been the Sports Adviser, Coordinator of Medical Education Unit, Chairman Computer Committee, Convenor Souvenir Committee, Incharge Annual Reports and held several other important assignments. He also taught online courses for the students of Institute of Statistics Education in Arlington County, Virginia.
He has more than 200 publications to his credit, including the books Medical Biostatistics and Concise Encyclopedia of Biostatistics for Medical Professionals. A partial list of his publications appears at the website of Indian Academy of Sciences. Among his other significant works are: smoking index at Collection of Biostatistics Research Archive of Berkeley Electronic Press, which is among the top 5 downloads; and estimates and projections of cardiovascular and diabetes cases in India, which are quoted in the Government of India's official estimates at National Health Profile.
He stayed in the institution until retiring in 2010, wherein he attained the age of 65.
Achievements
Abhaya Indrayan collaborated with the World Health Organization for several projects including National Burden of Disease Studies: a Practical Guide, Teaching Health Statistics, and 11 Health Questions about the 11 SEAR Countries, and served as Temporary Adviser to their Bi-Regional Consultation. He was a technical editor of their biregional report Health in Asia and the Pacific and participated in their debate on Health Systems Performance Assessment. He has completed 32 assignments for the World Health Organization, 3 for the World Bank, 3 for UNAIDS and 2 for Danish Assistance to the National Program for Prevention and Control of Blindness. He has proposed Statistical Medicine as a new emerging medical specialty.
Honors and awards
Elected Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences (2011).
Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. (2002)
Elected Fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) – a rare distinction for a non-medical scientist to be so honoured at that time (1998)
Elected Fellow of the Indian Society for Medical Statistics (1996)
WHO Fellow and Visiting Research Scientist at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (1995)
Convenor, Special Interest Group on Medical Informatics, Computer Society of India (1994–1999).
Chairman, Silver Jubilee Committee, Indian Society for Medical Statistics (2008–2011)
President-Elect of the Indian Society for Medical Statistics (2012–2014)
President, Indian Society for Medical Statistics, 2015
Bibliography
References
Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:Biostatisticians
Category:Indian medical writers
Category:Ohio State University alumni
Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences
Category:People from Meerut
Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh | {
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Tom Gilmore (U.S. politician)
Thomas Odell Gilmore, Sr. (born November 15, 1936) is an American nurseryman and politician in the state of North Carolina. A Democrat, he served in the North Carolina House of Representatives from 1972 to 1978 and later served as Deputy Secretary of Human Resources. He was born in Julian, North Carolina.
References
Category:1936 births
Category:North Carolina Democrats
Category:Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Category:Living people
Category:People from Guilford County, North Carolina | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Isoscapes
Isoscapes are spatially explicit predictions of elemental isotope ratios (δ) that are produced by executing process-level models of elemental isotope fractionation or distribution in a Geographic Information System (GIS). The word isoscape is derived from isotope landscape and was first coined by Jason B. West. Isoscapes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and strontium have been used to answer scientific or forensic questions regarding the sources, partitioning, or provenance of natural and synthetic materials or organisms via their isotopic signatures. These include questions about migration, Earth's element cycles, human water use, climate, archaeological reconstructions, forensics, and pollution.
Notes
Isotopes
Category:Geographic information systems | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Trinemeia
Trinemeia () was a deme of ancient Attica at which one of the minor branches of the Cephissus takes its rise.
Trinemeia's site is tentatively located near modern Kokkinaras.
References
Category:Populated places in ancient Attica
Category:Former populated places in Greece
Category:Demoi | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Crux (literary)
A crux is a textual passage that is corrupted to the point that it is difficult or impossible to interpret and resolve. Cruxes are studied in palaeography, textual criticism, bibliography, and literary scholarship. A crux is more serious or extensive than a simple slip of the pen or typographical error. The word comes from Latin crux, Latin for "cross", used metaphorically as a difficulty that torments one. Cruxes occur in a wide range of pre-modern (ancient, medieval, and Renaissance) texts, printed and manuscript.
Shakespearean examples
Though widely exposed to readers and scholars, the texts of William Shakespeare's plays yield some of the most famous literary cruxes. Some have been resolved fairly well. In Henry V, II.iii.16-7, the First Folio text has the Hostess describe Falstaff on his death-bed like this:
Lewis Theobald's editorial correction, "and 'a [he] babbl'd of green fields", has won almost universal acceptance from subsequent editors, although an alternative reading, "... as sharp as a pen on a table of green fields", alluding to gaming tables and accountants' tables, has been proposed. Similarly, the "dram of eale" In Hamlet I, iv, 36 can be sensibly interpreted as "dram of ev'l [evil]", but has also been interpreted as "dram of ale".
Other Shakespearean cruxes have not been so successfully resolved. In All's Well That Ends Well, IV.ii, 38-9, Diana observes to Bertram,
Editors have reached no consensus on exactly what "ropes in such a scarre" can mean, or how it should be amended: "no satisfactory explanation or emendation has been offered." Perhaps the best alternative that has been proposed is "may rope 's [us] in such a snare." Another unresolved Shakespearean crux is the "runaway's eyes" in Romeo and Juliet, III, ii, 6.
Sometimes a crux will not require emendation, but simply present a knotty problem of comprehension. In Henry IV, Part 1, IV, i, 98-9, Sir Richard Vernon describes Prince Hal and his comrades as appearing:
This is most likely a reference to some obscure assertion about animal behavior, and has sent researchers poring through dusty volumes in search of an explanation.
Typographic conventions
In editions of Greek and Roman authors, a crux is marked off by obeli, to indicate that the editor is not confident enough either to follow the manuscript reading or to print a conjecture.
Notes
References
Evans, G. Blakemore, textual editor. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1974.
Harlow, C. G. "Shakespeare, Nashe, and the Ostridge Crux in 1 Henry IV." Shakespeare Quarterly Vol. 17, No. 2 (Spring 1966), pp. 171–4.
Newcomer, Alphonso Gerald. "A Shakespeare Crux." Modern Philology, Vol. 11, No. 1 (July 1913), pp. 141–4.
Category:Palaeography
Category:Bibliography | {
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Cho Yeo-jeong
Cho Yeo-jeong (born February 10, 1981) is a South Korean actress. She is best known internationally for her role as Mrs. Park in the 2019 Academy Award-winning film Parasite.
She is also known for her leading roles in the films The Servant (2010) and The Concubine (2012), as well as for starring in the television series I Need Romance (2011).
Life and career
Cho Yeo-jeong was born in Seoul, South Korea. She debuted as a CeCi Magazine cover girl at the age of 16 in 1997, and began actively acting in 1999. Despite appearing in drama series, music videos, and TV commercials afterwards, she remained obscure. During this period, she was also unhappy with the limited roles being offered to her.
Then Cho rose to the spotlight in 2010 by starring as the ambitious Joseon woman of low caste in the erotic period drama The Servant. The R-rated movie, which was a newly adapted and tragic version of Korea's famous folktale The Story of Chunhyang, had been turned down by a number of actresses because it contained too many sex scenes. Cho, however, took advantage of the opportunity and it turned out to be a huge stepping stone in her career. Upon the release of the film, Cho successfully escaped being "another pretty face" in Korea's entertainment scene.
In 2011, Cho starred in hit cable series I Need Romance, a sexually frank and funny comedy about a group of single thirty-something girlfriends navigating the dating scene in Seoul, which boasted stylish and slick production values.
Few would have expected her to star in another period drama that required full nudity, as doing so may have stigmatized her in Korea's film industry. Despite the collective concerns expressed by local media that she was "going nude too often," in 2012 the actress chose another period thriller with explicit sex scenes. She had admired the work of director Kim Dae-seung and wanted to work with him, so after reading his latest script, she pursued being cast as the complex titular character of The Concubine. Despite the hype, the film was critically praised. In an interview for the film, Cho said that most of all, she wants to be seen as an adventurous and intriguing actress.
In the 2012 romantic comedy series Haeundae Lovers, Cho played the bright and cheerful daughter of a Busan gangster, who falls in love with the amnesiac undercover prosecutor living with them. A year later, Jo's book Healing Beauty was published, containing tips and advice on health and beauty, based on the know-how she's amassed as an actress over her 16-year career.
In 2013, Cho became involved in a publicized contract dispute when she signed a new contract with Bom Entertainment while her contract with Didim531 was still in effect. The Korea Entertainment Management Association suggested that Cho avoid working with both agencies, and she joined Neos Entertainment in 2014.
Cho starred in two movies in 2014. She reunited with director Kim Dae-woo (The Servant) in another erotic period film, this time set during the Vietnam War, titled Obsessed. She also played an abducted wife in The Target, a remake of French action-thriller Point Blank.
In 2015, Cho starred in the sex comedy Casa Amor: Exclusive for Ladies, which she said made her realize "how gratifying it is to see people laughing because of me." She said further, "Casa Amor: Exclusive for Ladies is the first film I've done in a long time whose story focuses on women. I hope that, building on the success of this film, more films featuring women's voices and experiences are made."
Filmography
Film
Television series
Variety show
Music Video
Musical theatre
Discography
Book
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Jo Yeo-jeong at Neos Entertainment
Category:21st-century South Korean actresses
Category:South Korean film actresses
Category:South Korean television actresses
Category:South Korean musical theatre actresses
Category:South Korean female models
Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dongguk University alumni
Category:L&Holdings artists
Category:Models from Seoul
Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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MODOK
MODOK (also written as M.O.D.O.K.; an acronym for Mental/Mobile/Mechanized Organism Designed Only for Killing) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
The first MODOK is a former employee of Advanced Idea Mechanics, an arms dealing organization specializing in futuristic weaponry, who undergoes substantial mutagenic medical experimentation originally designed to increase his intelligence. While successful, this experimentation results in a freakishly overdeveloped head, causing the character's signature look and use of a flying chair for mobility. After the experiments, he rebels against his masters and takes control of AIM. Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, MODOK has appeared in over four decades of Marvel continuity, and starred in the miniseries Super-Villain Team-Up: MODOK's 11 #1–5 (cover-dated September–December 2008) and a self-titled one-shot issue MODOK: Reign Delay #1 (Nov. 2009).
MODOK has featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as video games and animated television series and merchandise such as trading cards and toys. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked MODOK as #100.
Publication history
MODOK first appeared in the title Tales of Suspense #93–94 (September–October 1967), and became a recurring foe for superhero Captain America where he was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. Writer Mike Conroy stated "Inevitably, he (MODOK) returned to plague Captain America, whose physical perfection he so resented."
MODOK reappeared in Captain America #120 (December 1969) and #133 (January 1971). The character also featured in a storyline in Sub-Mariner #49 (May 1972), before becoming the major villain in an extended storyline in Hulk #167–169 (September–November 1973). MODOK also participated in the "War of the Supervillains" storyline in Iron Man #74–75 (May–June 1975).
MODOK has a series of encounters with heroine Ms. Marvel in Ms. Marvel #5 (May 1977); #7 (July 1977) and #9-10 (September–October 1977). Constant battles against the Marvel heroes followed, including Iron Man Annual #4 (December 1977); Marvel Team-Up #104 (April 1981) and Marvel Two-In-One #81–82 (November–December 1981). Following a failed bid to use fellow Hulk foe the Abomination to achieve his ends in Hulk #287–290 (September–December 1983), MODOK is assassinated in Captain America #313 (January 1986). The character's body makes a ghoulish return in Iron Man #205 (April 1986).
During the Taking A.I.M. storyline in Avengers #386–387 (May–June 1995); Captain America #440 (June 1995); Avengers #388 (July 1995) and Captain America #441 (July 1995), MODOK is resurrected. More typical attempts to better the character's situation followed in Iron Man/Captain America Annual 1998; Defenders (vol. 2) #9–10 (November–December 2001); Wolverine #142–143 (September– October 1999); Captain America and the Falcon #9 (January 2005) and Cable & Deadpool #11 (March 2005).
The character then made three humorous appearances, in Wha...Huh? #1 (September 2005); Marvel Holiday Special 2006 (January 2007) and GLA-Xmas Special #1 (February 2006). After appearing briefly in the mutant titles X-Men #200 (August 2007) and Uncanny X-Men #488 (September 2007), MODOK was featured in Ms. Marvel (vol. 2) #14–17 (June–September 2007) and appeared in two miniseries: Marvel 1985 #1–6 (July–December 2008) and Super-Villain Team-Up: MODOK's 11 #1–5 (August–December 2008).
MODOK also featured in Hulk #600 (September 2009); Astonishing Tales (vol. 2) #2 (May 2009) and the one-shot publication MODOK: Reign Delay #1 (November 2009).
MODOK later gained a counterpart in MODOK Superior, who first appeared in Hulk (vol. 2) #29 and was created by Jeff Parker and Gabriel Hardman.
Fictional character biography
George Tarleton
George Tarleton is a technician for the organization Advanced Idea Mechanics (A.I.M.). He was born in Bangor, Maine. Having recently created the Cosmic Cube, the AIM scientists use advanced mutagenics to alter Tarleton and create the super-intelligent MODOC (acronym for Mental Organism Designed Only for Computing) to study and improve upon the object. MODOC, however, becomes ambitious, kills his former masters and takes control of A.I.M.. Calling himself MODOK (Mental Organism Designed Only for Killing), he comes into conflict with the hero Captain America, who is intent on rescuing S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Sharon Carter from A.I.M.
MODOK becomes a recurring foe for Captain America, battling the hero on three more occasions, with the last encounter revealing the villain's origin. MODOK also battles Namor the Sub-Mariner and Doctor Doom, the latter intent on claiming the Cosmic Cube.
MODOK reappears and kidnaps Betty Ross, changing her into the mutate the Harpy with gamma rays in a bid to destroy the Hulk. The character follows the Hulk and the Harpy to a floating aerie, where the Hulk's alter ego Dr. Robert Bruce Banner cures Ross of her condition. MODOK and an A.I.M. team arrive in time to kill the creature known as the Bi-Beast, the guardian of the aerie, but not before activating a self-destruct mechanism, forcing the characters to flee. MODOK also accepts the offer of the other-dimensional being the Black Lama and participates in the "War of the Supervillains", but fails to capture the prize when defeated by Iron Man.
A.I.M. becomes dissatisfied with the lack of scientific advancement under MODOK's leadership and MODOK's obsession with seeking revenge against metahumans, ousting him from power. MODOK attempts to regain control of the organization and prove his worth by unleashing a nerve agent on New York City, which is prevented by Ms. Marvel and the Vision. MODOK seeks revenge against Ms. Marvel, first attempting to mind control the heroine and then hiring the Shi'ar assassin Deathbird to kill her; Ms. Marvel overcomes both of these obstacles and finally defeats Deathbird and MODOK.
MODOK's ambitions grow and he seeks world domination, but is thwarted by Iron Man and the superhero team the Champions. After an attempt to plunder the resources of the Savage Land and a battle with Ka-Zar and the Hulk, the character develops a new biological agent called Virus X. MODOK's attempts to test the agent on the homeless is prevented by the Thing, Sub-Mariner and Captain America, although the villain escapes and the Thing almost dies when exposed to the virus.
Abandoned by A.I.M. for these failures, the character revives long-time Hulk foe the Abomination, planning to use the monster against his superiors. The plan fails when the Abomination is revealed to be mentally unstable, although during the course of the storyline MODOK transforms Dr. Katherine Waynesboro (an associate of Bruce Banner) into Ms. MODOK, a female version of himself. Horrified by MODOK's callous disregard for life, Waynesboro demands to be restored to human form, and MODOK complies. Wishing to disassociate themselves from MODOK, A.I.M. hires the Serpent Society to assassinate the villain. They succeed, with Death Adder striking the killing blow. The Serpent Society returns MODOK's body to A.I.M., with the organization using it as a supercomputer. A rogue A.I.M. agent remotely operates MODOK's body in a bid to destroy Iron Man, with the battle ending with the body's destruction.
Although MODOK had died, A.I.M. temporarily replaced him with his more loyal, and in some ways more effective, second female counterpart MODAM.
During the Taking A.I.M. storyline, MODOK is resurrected because A.I.M. needs him to assist with the creation of another Cosmic Cube. In one of the attempts to create the Cube, MODAM is killed (or at least disappears). Eventually MODOK is stranded in an alternate dimension, but manages to return with the unintended help of the villainous group the Headmen. After attempting to steal a device that boosts mental power, MODOK agrees to aid the Headmen in their plans of conquest, but after taking control of A.I.M. once again, he reneges on the agreement in order to avoid an encounter with the superhero team the Defenders. MODOK clashes with Canadian superhero team Alpha Flight before being captured by a group composed of U.S. Naval intelligence and a drug cartel. MODOK is lobotomized and employed to infiltrate spy satellites and manipulate the stock market, but he recovers and exploits the situation until captured and taken into custody by S.H.I.E.L.D..
During GLX-Mas Special #1, MODOK and A.I.M. fought Dum Dum Dugan and his S.H.I.E.L.D. squad, but were defeated by Squirrel Girl and her sidekick Tippy-Toe.
MODOK then seeks a sample of the cybernetic species the Phalanx, and after brief encounters with the mutant X-Men, battles Ms. Marvel once again, the heroine aided by fellow Avenger Wonder Man during an elaborate scheme by renegade A.I.M. branches to kill MODOK, with one of the rogues being MODOK's long-lost son, who seeks revenge for his abandonment.
Employing an elaborate scheme and double-cross, MODOK restores his personal wealth and power and re-establishes himself as the leader of A.I.M. once again.
It is also revealed that MODOK was involved in the creation of both the Red Hulk and the Red She-Hulk and belongs to the Intelligencia, a secret organization of genius-level supervillains.
MODOK was seen in Puerto Rico attempting to create an army of genetically enhanced monkeys called A.I.Monkeys to eliminate the recession in A.I.M., until he was defeated by Mister Fantastic, the Invisible Woman and the rookie Puerto Rican hero known as El Vejigante.
During the Fall of the Hulks storyline, it is revealed that MODOK is a member of the Intelligencia, who had a part in the creation of both the Red Hulk and the Red She-Hulk. They captured some of the smartest men and brought about the events that would lead up to the World War Hulks storyline.
When several heroes are subjected by the Intelligencia to the Cathexis ray, which can transfer radiant energy from one subject to another, Amadeus Cho is affected as well. Unlike the others, who become "Hulked-Out Heroes", his mind expands and becomes so powerful that he gains the ability to warp reality within a 10-foot radius. Using this power, he reverses the process that created MODOK, turning him back into George Tarleton, who knows no better than to get away as quickly as possible.
George Tarleton was taken into custody by the U.S. military and remains confined, where Bruce Banner occasionally calls on him to help defuse the "doomsday plans" that MODOK installed in the possibility that his master plan should fail. Tarleton, however, appears to remember next to nothing of his time as MODOK and, in fact, seems to be either traumatized or just a simple-minded man.
MODOK Superior
Unknown to everyone, the doomsday plans left behind by MODOK serve as a distraction. The plans themselves are coordinated by a 'cluster' of brains, cloned from MODOK's own, who act as one non-sentient supercomputer. This cluster is destroyed by the Red Hulk and the doomsday plans are stopped. However, one of the cloned brains, rather than being utilized as an organic computer, is allowed to develop naturally and then uploaded with MODOK's memories. This new MODOK (apparently free of all the weaknesses of the original) declares himself MODOK Superior and prepares to make his own mark on the world.
Cooperating with the Intelligencia once again, MODOK Superior and the Intelligencia attempt to study the body of a Spaceknight, which had crashed on Earth for unknown reasons. When the Avengers attempt to stop them, the body is revealed to be the latest vessel for the consciousness of Ultron. In the battle with the Avengers, MODOK Superior takes on Thor, claiming he has the power of a god - and being immediately struck down.
During the Fear Itself storyline, MODOK Superior reviews the attacks by Skadi and tells his followers that she is actually Red Skull's daughter Sin, who has tapped into the powers of the Asgardians. He then views from his surveillance that Red Hulk is fighting Thing (in the form of Angrir: Breaker of Souls). When he learns that Zero/One and Black Fog are also after Red Hulk, MODOK Superior plans to get to Red Hulk first. MODOK Superior prevents Black Fog from killing Red Hulk. MODOK Superior becomes intangible to keep himself from getting attacked by Angrir (who shoots down Zero/One's Helicarrier). MODOK Superior has his encounter with Zero/One and both of them declare a truce to help fight the soldiers of the Serpent. During that time, MODOK Superior starts to develop a crush on Zero/One.
In the prologue to the Avengers vs. X-Men storyline, MODOK Superior targets an ex-A.I.M. scientist named Dr. Udaku who was being escorted to the Pentagon by Wakandan forces. Before MODOK Superior could burn Dr. Udaku, Scarlet Witch arrives and fights MODOK Superior, while smaller MODOK pawns surround Scarlet Witch. In the nick of time, Ms. Marvel and Spider-Woman arrive and help to defeat MODOK Superior and A.I.M.
MODOK Superior and some rogue A.I.M. Agents joined up with S.H.I.E.L.D. in order to make a deal to take down Andrew Forson (the current leader of A.I.M.).
After a brief retirement, MODOK Superior returned and opened up a group of assassins called the Agents of MODOK (Mercenary Organization Dedicated Only to Killing) where they killed bad people. However, he made the mistake of recruiting Gwenpool when she killed his top assassin and took credit for his kills. When he found she was not a superhuman and had no special training, he attempted to eliminate her, but she turned on him and sent him into space with an injured eye and damaged equipment. She then took over his agency for a brief time, but when her plans defeated a group of alien arms dealers but did not get them any money (having turned the client, an old Doombot who escaped from a fight in the past with Squirrel Girl, against them) the agency was disbanded and everyone went their own way.
MODOK Superior and a group of A.I.M. members attacked a HYDRA airship to capture Shiklah, who was in its custody. Deadpool saved her, and stole MODOK Superior's chair. MODOK Superior was taken to the hospital, where he vowed vengeance on Deadpool for stealing his chair.
During the Secret Empire storyline, MODOK Superior appears as a member of the Army of Evil and took part in the attack on Manhattan in retaliation for what happened at Pleasant Hill during Avengers: Standoff!.
MODOK Superior resurfaced in a new form during a confrontation with the newest incarnation of the West Coast Avengers, now appearing as an attractive, long-haired man, calling himself BRODOK (Bio-Robotic Organism Designed Overwhelmingly for Kissing) and insisting that he was now reformed. The team eventually exposed his scheme to turn various citizens of Los Angeles into giant mindless monsters and defeated him, reverting him back to his traditional appearance.
Powers and abilities
George Tarleton was subjected to a mutagenic process that transformed him into MODOK and grants him superhuman intelligence, including a computer-like memory, the ability to scour and retain large data-banks of information very quickly, and solve abstract mathematical problems nearly instantaneously. He also has the ability to calculate the mathematical probability of any given event occurring, which is so strong that it borders on precognition. However, his creativity remains at an average human level. MODOK's vast intelligence makes him one of the few beings that can analyze and comprehend the workings of the Cosmic Cube, which was the very purpose for his creation.
He also has psionic powers enabling him to contact others through telepathy, mentally control individuals or large groups, and generate force fields able to withstand minor nuclear explosions. Courtesy of A.I.M. technology, MODOK wears a headband that enables him to focus his mental power into devastating mind-beams. A side effect of the mutation was the growth of Tarleton's head to the point whereby his body can no longer support its weight, needing to rely on an exoskeleton and a hoverchair called the Doomsday Chair for movement. The Doomsday Chair is equipped with a variety of weapons, including missiles and lasers.
Occasionally, Tarleton had the use of a giant humanoid robot body that was proportionally sized to fit his head. Tarleton's organs also wear out quickly, necessitating the use of harvested clones, whose organs are used to sustain him. As the leader of A.I.M., MODOK has advanced technology, resources, and a personal army at his disposal.
MODOK Superior has the same genius-level intelligence and mental powers as the original MODOK, but apparently none of his weaknesses.
Other versions
Marvel Adventures
A version called "MODOC" (Mental Organism Designed Only for Conquest) appears in the title Marvel Adventures: The Avengers, briefly turning the Avengers into (superior) versions of itself before being defeated.
Ms. Marvel
Over the course of her two series, Carol Danvers (Ms. Marvel) had several interactions with A.I.M. and MODOK; among others, she was both saved from being disincorporated by 24 embryonic MODOCs who had been outfitted with reality-altering powers when working in unison and separated into two separate entities to fulfill her fondest wish. Also, reference was made, by A.I.M. personnel, to many actual MODOCs who, apparently, really did function in the way that MODOK was originally supposed to have done (namely, as docile organic supercomputers).
MODOT
MODOT (Mobile Organism Designed Only for Talking), formerly Nobel Prize hopeful Dimitri Smirkov, appears in the third Howard the Duck miniseries and, unlike his predecessor MODOK, can walk without the aid of a hoverchair. He had no designs of world conquest, but instead was only interested in making money; this may be because the branch of A.I.M. that created him did so specifically so he could talk the head office into increasing their budget. He ended up practically ruling the airwaves, influencing millions of viewers through 100 android hosts, anchormen and reporters, all controlled directly by him.
MODOG
Iron Man has an encounter with MODOG (Mobile Organism Designed Only for Genocide) in the second volume of The Invincible Iron Man. Iron Man dispatches him with ease, dumping him in outer space.
Marvel MAX
The limited series U.S. War Machine, published under the mature-audience Marvel MAX imprint, showcases another version of MODOK salvaged by S.H.I.E.L.D. when it is discarded by A.I.M., apparently a victim of racial prejudice.
Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel version of the character features in the title Ultimate Vision, experimenting with a Gah Lak Tus probe on an A.I.M. space station. Although he starts the story as the amoral genius cyborg George Tarleton, after he is infected by Gah Lak Tus, he is eventually reduced to a disembodied head.
Another version of MODOK appeared in Ultimate Armor Wars #2, when Doctor Faustus revealed that he, too, was a cyborg and harbored a tiny MODOK inside his hollow head.
Nextwave
At least four versions of MODOK, apparently based around Elvis Presley, were created by the Beyond Corporation to defend their secret weapons factory, State 51. They were defeated by the Nextwave Squad. Their principal mode of attack seemed to involve shooting cheeseburgers at their target.
The following issue revealed that the Beyond Corporation was being run by a disguised infant MODOK, apparently conceived by a MODOK and a MODAM. This MODOK escapes the Nextwave Squad, but it is subsequently killed by its master, Devil Dinosaur.
Amalgam Comics
A version of the character features in Iron Lantern #1, a one-shot title that is a part of the Amalgam Comics line, which is a sequel to the DC vs. Marvel miniseries. MODOK is merged with DC Comics character Hector Hammond to form H.E.C.T.O.R. (Highly Evolved Creature Totally Oriented for Revenge), who is the leader of the Weaponers of A.I.M. (a merging of DC's the Weaponers of Qward and Marvel's A.I.M.).
Marvel Zombies
An alternate version of MODOK is seen being eaten by zombified versions of the She-Hulk and Hawkeye. Later, it is discovered that this universe's Ash Williams had watched this MODOK be devoured.
Earth X
An alternate version of MODOK appeared in Earth X. In recent history, MODOK, like every other telepath on the planet, was killed when the Red Skull's powers first manifested. MODOK's hoverchair, ironically, was later recovered by the Skull's army and the Skull used it as his personal throne.
MODORD
A Dazzler-centered story, "Disco Highway", in issue #4 of the miniseries X-Men: Serve and Protect, released in February 2011, features a character named MODORD (Mental Organism Designed Only for Roller Derby).
MODOK: Assassin
During the Secret Wars storyline, the Battleworld domain of Killville is based on a reality where MODOK killed every known superhero, which resulted in its citizens being in constant danger from every supervillain and murderer in Killville.
Spider-Gwen
In the pages of Spider-Gwen that is taking place on Earth-65, Captain America fights against MODAAK (Mental Organism Designed As America's King). The author based this character on American then-presidential candidate Donald Trump.
In other media
Novels
MODOK was the primary antagonist of the Iron Man paperback novel Iron Man: And Call My Killer...MODOK!, no. 6 in the Marvel Pocket Novels series, by William Rotsler.
Television
A much smaller version of MODOK appeared in the 1994 Iron Man TV series, voiced by Jim Cummings. He served as one of the Mandarin's minions. In this version, George Tarleton was a scientist who married a supermodel. However, a jealous superior resembling Red Ghost turned him into MODOK. MODOK then joined Mandarin in hopes of a cure.
MODOK is featured in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Lee Tockar. In the show, the acronym is MODOC, with the 'C' standing for Conquest. He appears in the episodes "Ready, AIM, Fire" and "Panther's Prey" being assembled by A.I.M., but comes online in the episode "Designed Only for Chaos". He then appears in the episodes "Uncontrollable" and "The Hawk and the Spider".
MODOK appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Tom Kenny. The "K" in MODOK's acronym stands for "Kicking-butt". He is a member of Doctor Doom's Lethal Legion and is often paired up with the Abomination as the group's comic relief. The meaning of the acronym is joked upon in the episode "Hulk Talk Smack!", wherein the Grey Hulk jokingly states that the "K" stands for "Kickball", causing MODOK to rebut that this is not what it stands for.
MODOK appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Wally Wingert. The character goes by the same altered acronym as the version from Iron Man: Armored Adventures. He appears in the episodes "Iron Man is Born", "Everything is Wonderful", "Widow's Sting", and "Hail, Hydra!".
MODOK appears in the Avengers Assemble animated series, voiced by Charlie Adler. This version is seen as A.I.M.'s primary leader. During season one, he is seen as an ally of the Red Skull, first appearing to aid in swapping Red Skull's consciousness with Captain America's. After that plan fails and he removes Iron Man's armor to put onto Red Skull, MODOK uses microbots to control Captain America, Black Widow, Falcon, Hawkeye, Hulk, and Thor while the Iron Skull targets the Arc Reactor in Avengers Mansion before Stark frees the Avengers. MODOK later serves as a founding member of Iron Skull's Cabal alongside Attuma, Dracula, and Hyperion, enlisting his A.I.M. forces while gaining the Super-Adaptoid as a personal enforcer. Despite being considered Iron Skull's most trusted minion, the two-part season finale finds MODOK himself betrayed and he thus plays a role in Iron Skull's defeat. After Red Skull escapes, MODOK becomes the Cabal's new leader and teleports them away to fight the Avengers another day. During season two, MODOK resurfaces using the Mind Stone enslave S.H.I.E.L.D. and ended up briefly transferring his consciousness into the Tri-Carrier, and where he used Pym particles to increase his body mass – all the way towards having a full human body form – in response to the danger Ultron poses to him, before the Avengers and Ant-Man restore him to his usual self. MODOK returns in Avengers: Secret Wars. In the episode "Show Your Work", MODOK plans to repopulate the Earth with his own clones, making Taskmaster reluctantly allied with the New Avengers, and is defeated by Ms. Marvel and the Vision.
MODOK appears in the Ultimate Spider-Man animated series, voiced again by Charlie Adler. Alluded upon in season one, he was seen in S.H.I.E.L.D.'s database for the most wanted criminals in the episode "Doomed", and when S.H.I.E.L.D. security footage shows the Beetle springing MODOK from prison in the episode "Beetle Mania". In season three's "Contest of Champions Part 3", MODOK was seen imprisoned in Grandmaster's ship. His mind and Leader's mind end up attacking Spider-Man, Iron Spider and Agent Venom. Upon agreeing to free them, Spider-Man wants them to work the teleporter machine to get all the civilian hostages back to Earth. MODOK and Leader work the teleporter while the others fought Grandmaster. As the final civilians are being evacuated, MODOK and Leader took the opportunity to get teleported out of the Grandmaster's ship.
MODOK appears in the 2013 animated special Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel, with Charlie Adler reprising his role. He was seen with Red Skull, Whiplash, and Venom in their battle with Iron Man, Spider-Man, Hulk, and Thor.
MODOK appears in the Guardians of the Galaxy animated series, voiced again by Charlie Adler. In the short "Star-Lord vs. MODOK", he and A.I.M. fight Star-Lord on a mission to retrieve a fusion generator needed by Rocket Raccoon to repair the Milano. Star-Lord manages to defeat MODOK and escape.
MODOK appears in the 2014 Japanese anime Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers.
MODOK appears in the Spider-Man episode "A Troubled Mind," voiced again by Charlie Adlier. He was created by A.I.M. using their robotics and three stolen mental projection devices.
Hulu will air a M.O.D.O.K. animated series, with MODOK voiced by Patton Oswalt who will also co-write and executive produce the series with Jordan Blum. It was originally conceived as being part of its own shared universe that would have lead up to a special titled The Offenders, but will now be a stand-alone series. In January 2020, the rest of the cast was announced. Joining Oswalt is Aimee Garcia as Jodie, M.O.D.O.K.'s wife; Ben Schwartz as Lou, M.O.D.O.K.'s son; Melissa Fumero as Melissa, M.O.D.O.K.'s daughter; Sam Richardson as Gary, M.O.D.O.K.'s henchman; and Beck Bennett as Austin Van Der Sleet, AIM's new boss. Characters Monica Rappaccini and Super-Adaptoid appear voiced by Wendi McLendon-Covey and Jon Daly, respectively.
Video games
MODOK appears as a boss in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Michael Gough. He leads his A.I.M. forces in the invasion of the S.H.I.E.L.D. Omega Base, along with Mysterio and the Crimson Dynamo, in a plot to crash it into a nearby dam. When the heroes confront MODOK, he freezes them in place with an entropy device and gives them questions where a right answer causes MODOK to drop his guard for a brief moment, and a wrong answer will give the heroes an electric shock. Either way, if the player gets the answers right or wrong, MODOK fights the heroes and loses, and they prevent the S.H.I.E.L.D. Omega Base from crashing into the dam.
MODOK appears in the Marvel Super Hero Squad video game and Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet, voiced by Tom Kenny.
MODOK appears as a playable character in Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds and Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3, voiced again by Wally Wingert.
MODOK is featured as a boss in the game Marvel Super Hero Squad: Comic Combat.
MODOK appears as a villain character and as a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced again by Tom Kenny.
MODOK is featured as a boss in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance.
MODOK appears as a boss in Iron Man 3: The Official Game, voiced by Nick Sullivan. At the game's climax, this version of MODOK is revealed to be Aldrich Killian's consciousness having been "downloaded" by A.I.M. prior to his physical death in the movie and uploaded into a new, enhanced form. After Iron Man defeats him in combat, he attempts to survive by uploading his consciousness into the network of Stark Industries. Iron Man willingly sacrifices the network (and therefore Stark Industries itself) toward destroying Killian for good.
MODOK appears as a boss in Marvel Heroes, voiced by Nick Jameson.
MODOK appears as a boss and a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Dave Boat.
MODOK appears in Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes, again voiced by Charlie Adler.
MODOK appears as a playable character in Netmarble's Marvel Future Fight.
MODOK appears in Lego Marvel's Avengers, voiced again by Charlie Adler. This MODOK is apparently a "reformed" version of the character who is now working as a janitor at S.H.I.E.L.D.'s headquarters. His dialogue reveals that the 'K' on his name now stands for "Kleaning", despite MODOK himself acknowledging that that is grammatically wrong. He can be unlocked as a playable character after completing a mission for him.
MODOK makes a non-playable appearance in Marvel vs. Capcom Infinite, with Wally Wingert reprising his role. In the game's story, he is the leader of A.I.M.brella, a fusion of A.I.M. and the Umbrella Corporation from Resident Evil, and is performing experiments to create B.O.W.s on the orders of Jedah Dohma, using the Mind Stone to control them. He and his enforcer Nemesis are defeated by a team of heroes, who take the Mind Stone.
MODOK is playable in Marvel: Contest of Champions.
MODOK appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.
MODOK appears as a boss in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order voiced again by Wally Wingert. After coming into possession of the Soul Stone, he invades Wakanda with A.I.M. and attempts to seek out the country's wealth of knowledge.
Music
The band Monster Magnet refers to MODOK in the song "Baby Götterdämerung" from the album Powertrip with the lyrics "So what would MODOK do, if his memory got too full? He'd find the power source, and then he'd pick what plugs to pull."
Rapper Akira the Don has a song titled "M.O.D.O.K. (Supervillain Music)" on his "Superhero Music" mix-tape.
Toys
Toy Biz produced a MODOK action figure for the 1994 Iron Man animated series.
In 2006, a "Build-A-Figure" toy was produced by Toy Biz for Wave 15 of their Marvel Legends toyline. This toy required the buyer to buy all the figures in the wave with each figure coming with a piece of the MODOK toy. The pieces would snap together to make the MODOK figure complete.
In 2010, Hasbro made a more kid-friendly version for its revised Super Hero Squad line, packaged together with Iron Man. He is described on the back of the pack as a "hovering psychic super menace". Originally MODOK was supposed to be called MODOC (Mental Organism Designed Only for Chaos) but was changed to his more familiar name, though the description does not reveal what the acronym really means.
In 2014, LEGO released the Hulk Lab Smash set for its Marvel Super Heroes theme. Along with the Hulk and Thor returning as mini-figures, MODOK, along with fellow Marvel villain the Taskmaster, debuted as a new mini-figure in the set.
In 2011, Bowen Designs released a statue of MODOK that was designed and sculpted by the Kucharek brothers.
Webcomics
MODOK (with associates) makes an appearance in a 1999 strip of Bob the Angry Flower.
MODOK talks Star Wars with Abe in a 2007 strip of Thinking Ape Blues.
References
External links
MODOK at Marvel.com
MODOK at the Comic Book Database
Category:Characters created by Jack Kirby
Category:Characters created by Stan Lee
Category:Comics characters introduced in 1967
Category:Fictional scientists
Category:Fictional terrorists
Category:Male characters in comics
Category:Marvel Comics supervillains | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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ZyLAB Technologies
ZyLAB is a developer of software for e-discovery, information risk management, email management, records, contract, and document management, knowledge management, and workflow. The company is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, and in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
History
In 1983 ZyLAB began providing a full-text search program for electronic files stored in IBM-compatible PCs called ZyINDEX. In 1991, ZyLAB integrated ZyINDEX with an optical character recognition program called ZyIMAGE. In 1998, the company developed support to full-text search email, including attachments.
In 2000, the company adopted the XML standard and created a full content management and records management system based on it.
In 2010, ZyLAB Information Management Platform was released, an integrated solution to address e-Discovery and information management problems.
References
External links
ZyLAB official website
Review of ZyImage 3.0 in InformationWeek
Review of ZyINDEX in the New York Times
ZyINDEX used in the Investigation of the Belated Production of Documents in the Oklahoma City Bombing Case
Category:Companies established in 1983
Category:Software companies of the United States
Category:Information retrieval organizations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Corio, Victoria
Corio is a residential and industrial area, which forms one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria in Australia. It is located approximately 9 km north of the Geelong central business district. The area was formerly known as Cowie's Creek after James Cowie, an early land owner who was active in the local and state government.
History
Explorers Hume and Hovell reached Corio and reported that the local Aboriginals referred to the area as 'coraiyo', meaning either 'small marsupial' or 'sandy cliffs'.
Land in the area was first subdivided and sold in 1852 as "Cowie's Creek", named after an early local businessman, James Cowie. By the 1860s, Cowie's Creek was home to two hotels and a population of approximately 500 people.
A post office opened on 16 November 1864, and was renamed as Corio Post Office in 1913. It was situated on School Road, adjacent to the railway level crossing. In 1963, it was renamed Corio North Post Office, after the current Corio Post Office opened at the Corio Shopping Centre. The post office is located on the ground floor of the centre, having moved from its original first-floor location. Corio North Post Office was closed in 1977.
In 1914, the Geelong Grammar School moved from Geelong to its current location near Limeburners Lagoon, an arm of Corio Bay.
The Corio Village Shopping Centre complex was opened in 1973. It currently includes a K-Mart, Coles, Woolworths, Best & Less, McDonald's, Subway, Gloria Jean's Coffees, Optus, Telstra, Dodo Connect outlets, Cotton On, Millers, a Tattslotto agency, major banks, and a number of Australian Government agencies, which include Australia Post and a Centrelink office. Since a re-development in 2007/08, it has been known as the Corio Shopping Centre.
The Aldi supermarket chain built a store adjacent to Beckley Park in the mid-2000s. At the same time, a new retail development, including Harvey Norman, Muzz Buzz and Red Rooster, opened nearby, on the Princes Highway.
Industry
The most notable industry in Corio is the Shell refinery, which opened in 1956. In February 2014 the refinery was sold to the Swiss-based oil company Vitol, which has branded its Australian operations as Viva Energy Australia.
Transport
Cars are the predominant mode of transport in the Corio region. CDC Geelong provides bus transport between areas of Corio and the Geelong Central Business District, under contract from Public Transport Victoria. Taxis and ridesharing options are also available. Corio railway station is served by V/Line trains to Geelong and Melbourne. With the opening of the Geelong Bypass in 2009, Corio is now bypassed by through-traffic on the Princes Freeway.
Sport
Geelong SC was formed in 1958 and currently play in the National Premier Leagues Victoria 2. Their home ground is located at Stead Park.
The suburb has an Australian rules football team, founded in 1974, competing in the Geelong & District Football League. Also, linked with the Corio Sporting Club is a cricket club, a little league founded in 1977, and the netball club.
The Corio Athletic Club, founded in 1969, competes at Landy Field in South Geelong and the Corio Little Athletics Club, founded in 1967, competes at the Corio Athletics Stadium in Goldsworthy Road, which was opened in 1972 by Ron Clarke.
Demographics
According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 15,296 people in Corio.
49.2% of these people were male and 50.8% were female.
The median age of these people was 35.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 2.0% of the population.
68.3% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 3.1%, Afghanistan 1.9%, Myanmar 1.8%, Thailand 1.5% and Philippines 1.2%.
74.6% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Karen 3.1%, Hazaraghi 1.3%, Dari 1.1%, Croatian 1.0% and Vietnamese 0.9%.
The most common responses for religion were No Religion 34.4%, Catholic 21.6% and Anglican 10.6%.
Corio is a "working class" suburb, adjacent to and incorporating industrial estates - with 22.4% of its employed residents of age 15 years and over nominating 'Labourer' as their chosen occupation (compared to 9.5% in the whole of Australia). Numbers occupied as Technicians and Trades Workers, Machinery Operators, and Drivers are also higher than the national average. According to the 2006 census, the largest employer type was "Motor Vehicle" and "Motor Vehicle Part Manufacturing". As such, the 2016 closure of the Ford plant, a long-term employer, will reduce employment opportunities in the future. In the 2016 Census 3.5% of employed people worked in Supermarket and Grocery Stores. Other major industries of employment included Takeaway Food Services 3.3%, Hospitals (except Psychiatric Hospitals) 3.3%, Road Freight Transport 3.0% and Aged Care Residential Services 2.9%. In 2013, 2.3% of mortgages in Corio had become delinquent, up from 1.5% in September 2012, and is amongst the highest numbers of all suburbs in Victoria. Reports have attributed this rate to job cuts at Alcoa, Ford, and Target that year. Historically speaking, Ford Motor Company had its plant in full production by August 1926, producing 36,000 T-models over the next two years of work. During World War II, Ford manufactured military vehicles and all manner of craft & weaponry. It then concentrated its post-war goals on engine manufacturing for the Ford Falcon model (produced at Broadmeadows).
According to the 2016 Census, 5,855 residents age 15 years and over were in the labour force: Of these 49.7% were employed full time, 31.7% were employed part-time and 12.5% were unemployed.
The Corio median price for housing, given in The Age Domain Property review of September 2012, was $223,000; among the most affordable in the state - more costly than neighbouring Norlane at $205,000, but lower than Melton South at $240,000.
See also
Corio Bay
Corio railway station
Division of Corio
Whittington, Victoria
Werribee
References
External links
Corio - City of Greater Geelong
Australian Places - Corio
Category:Suburbs of Geelong | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Leachia
Leachia is a genus containing eight species of glass squids. The genus was formerly divided into two subgenera: Leachia and Pyrgopsis, but is no longer.
Members of this genus live in tropical and sub-tropical waters worldwide. The mantle is up to 20 cm long in the largest species. Leachia are characterised by the presence of two parallel ridges bearing raised cartilage spikes, which run along the underside of the body near the head. They have large round fins, which often constitute 20–30% of the entire mantle length. Like most glass squids, members of this genus possess a ring of light organs around their eyes. Bioluminescent cells produce light that cancels the shadow cast by their large eyes. Typical of cranchiid squids, juvenile Leachia species have stalked eyes. As they mature, females develop light organs on the ends of their third arm pairs. These are thought to be used in mating displays to attract males.
References
Norman, M. 2000. Cephalopods: A World Guide. Hackenheim, ConchBooks, p. 158.
External links
Category:Squid
Category:Bioluminescent molluscs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Alex Andrade
Alex Andrade may refer to:
Alex Andrade (politician) (born 1989), American member of the Florida House of Representatives
Alex Andrade (fighter) (born 1974), American mixed martial artist | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Neonitocris flavipes
Neonitocris flavipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1950.
References
Category:Lamiinae
Category:Beetles described in 1950 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Castro Street Fair
The Castro Street Fair is a San Francisco LGBT street festival and fair usually held on the first Sunday in October in the Castro neighborhood, the main gay neighborhood and social center in the city. The fair features multiples stages with live entertainment, DJs, food vendors, community-group stalls as well as a curated artisan alley with dozens of Northern California artists. Due to community pressure the fair restructured the organization and partnered with local charities to collect gate donations and partner with groups at the beverage and beer booths to raise money for those charities.
The Castro Street Fair was founded by Harvey Milk, and the group he led, the Castro Valley Association, in 1974. It attracted over 5,000 people. The event's popularity grew quickly and by 1977, the attendance reached 70,000. The influx of visitors helped promote the Castro district's growing tourist industry.
Castro Street Fair is one of San Francisco's many street fairs, including the North Beach Festival, Union Street Festival and Haight Street Fair. These fairs run throughout the summer, from spring to fall. The Castro Street fair takes place on the afternoon of the first Sunday in October. The large turn-out makes it one of the largest of the annual street events in San Francisco, behind San Francisco Pride in Civic Center, Folsom Street Fair south of Market Street, Pink Saturday in the Castro, and the Union Street Festival.
See also
LGBT culture in San Francisco
References
External links
Official site
Castro Street Fair 2008 VIDEO
Category:Festivals in the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:Street fairs
Category:Festivals established in 1974
Category:1974 establishments in California
Category:LGBT culture in San Francisco
Category:Harvey Milk | {
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} |
1815 New York's 12th congressional district special election
On October 6, 1814, prior to the beginning of the Fourteenth Congress, Representative-elect Benjamin Pond (DR), who'd been elected to , died. A special election to fill this vacancy was held in April, 1815.
Election results
Adgate took his seat at the beginning of the 14th Congress.
See also
List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
References
Category:Special elections to the 14th United States Congress
1815 12
New York 1812 12
Category:1815 New York (state) elections
New York 12 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Michael Mee
Michael Mee (born May 11, 1985) is a Canadian ice dancer. With former partner Mylène Lamoureux, he was the 2006 Canadian national junior silver medalist. They placed 15th at the 2006 World Junior Figure Skating Championships and 10th in their senior Grand Prix debut at the 2006 NHK Trophy. Their partnership ended following the 2009 Canadian Figure Skating Championships. Mee was born in Montreal, Quebec.
Competitive highlights
(with Lamoureux)
N = Novice level; J = Junior level
External links
Official site
Category:1985 births
Category:Anglophone Quebec people
Category:Canadian male ice dancers
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Montreal | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Biandrate
Biandrate (Piedmontese: Biandrà, Lombard: Biandraa) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Novara in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about west of Novara.
History
Archaeological findings have proved that the area of Biandrate was already settled in Roman times, although no consensus exists about the existence of a Roman municipium here. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Biandrate regained importance only from the 10th century, when its counts held large territories in the area. In 1025, Count Vibertus, after expanding the family's lands around Vercelli and Val d'Ossola, obtained the title of Ivrea; such possessions were confirmed to his successor Guido II by Emperor Conrad II. His successor Alberto I took part in the First Crusade. In his age, Biandrate is mentioned as a free commune.
His successor Guido Guidone was named by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa as imperial commander of the area and of the Bishopric of Novara. He fought against Pavia but, after Barbarossa' defeat at the battle of Legnano, he was attacked by the Lombard League and Biandrate was destroyed. In 1232, the town was again razed to the ground by the counts of Novara. Later it was held by different families: (Visconti, Facino Cane, Sforza) after which it became part of the Duchy of Savoy.
References
External links
Official website
Category:Cities and towns in Piedmont | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Vlčí Důl
Vlčí Důl is a resort, part of Bludov municipality in the Czech Republic.
Etymology
The adjective “Vlčí” means “wolf”. The noun “důl” means “mine" in the new Czech language, but it means both “mine” and “valley” in old Czech. Therefore, the translation can be "mine" or "valley" as the place was named during the Middle Ages when old Czech was spoken.
History
The Petrovický rybník (literally Peter Pond) was situated in the place during the Middle Ages. The pond was drained in 1930. During the late 1940s, a club of fishermen unsuccessfully tried to reestablish the pond. The idea to create a swimming pool was made in 50’s and first works began in 1953. The pool was built by participants of Action Z.
The pool opened on 13 July 1963 and named after Vlčí Důl, a nearby valley. A source of water is Vitonický potok (literally Vitonice creek). The area became relatively popular and a parking lot, showers, toilets, playground, and paved road were constructed a few years after it opened.
In 1965, František Hroch, a Bludov resident, built a weekend house near the pool. Nowadays, 33 cottages occupy a hillside opposite the pool.
The Hubert Hunter Club built a cottage in 1985. A hotel was built in 1987.
Present Day
The resort is in decay. The hotel and restaurant went bankrupt at the beginning of the 21st century. The hotel relied on recreation organized by communist ROH. But in capitalist Czech Republic, outdated facilities were not able to compete. The relatively remoteness of the resort and distance from attractive tourist destinations in High Ash Mountains worsened the decline.
The hotel is owned by the municipality which tried to sell or lease the building without significant interest from potential buyers.
Eventual demolition was resisted by Bludov citizens.
Unlike the pool and the hotel, the cottage settlement works well.
Demography
One cottage is permanently inhabited; other estates are used for recreation. Bludov citizens own four cottages, rest is owned by people from Šumperk, Zábřeh and Kroměříž.
References
Category:Populated places in Šumperk District
Category:Bludov (Šumperk District) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (Rwanda)
In 1999, Rwanda began its National Unity and Reconciliation Commission (NURC) in order to work towards a reconciliation of the conflicting parties involved in the Rwandan Civil War and the Rwandan genocide, with the eventual goal of reunifying the country’s citizens. The passage of the Government of National Unity Law No. 03/99 provided for the establishment of the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission, which became a permanent body in 2002, and continues its function to the present day. As its name suggests, the Commission is intended to promote unity and reconciliation amongst the former opponents present in the Rwandan population.
A common misconception is that the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is associated with the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission. On the contrary, the ICTR and its prosecutions are initiatives of the United Nations Security Council, and are not associated with the Commission or its objectives. The work of this Commission also should not be confused with that of the International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and the Surrounding Events created by the Organization of African Unity in 1998. It is also distinct from the National Commission for the Fight against Genocide, which was established by the Rwandan government in 2007.
Historical background
From October 1990 to July 1992, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) took on Rwandan government forces in a brutal Civil War fueled by ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi peoples. Conflict appeared to have ended with a ceasefire in July 1992, and the Arusha Accords signed August 4, 1993, but quickly reignited after the assassination of Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana on April 6, 1994. What followed was what is commonly known as the Rwandan genocide, which resulted in the deaths of at least 800,000 Rwandans, the majority of whom were Tutsi, but also included several moderate Hutu. The end of the Genocide is marked by the RPF taking control of the country on July 1, 1994. Article 16 of the Arusha Accords had provided for the establishment of the International Commission of Investigation on Human Rights Violations in Rwanda since October 1, 1990, which made some progress toward reconciliation, but was sidelined by the 1994 Genocide. The National Unity and Reconciliation Commission was established in March 1999 as per the Government of National Unity Law No. 03/99, in order to promote reconciliation between the two opposing sides.
Mandate
The National Unity and Reconciliation Commission's mission statement is as follows: "To promote unity, reconciliation, and social cohesion among Rwandans and build a country in which everyone has equal rights and contributing to good governance." As of August 2008, the Commission's responsibilities were defined as follows:
To prepare and coordinate the national programs aimed at promoting national unity and reconciliation;
[To] Establish and promote mechanisms for restoring and strengthening the Unity and Reconciliation of Rwandans;
To educate, sensitize and mobilize the population in areas of national unity and reconciliation;
To carry out research, organize debates, disseminate ideas and make publications on the promotion of peace, and the unity and reconciliation of Rwandans;
To propose measures and actions that can contribute to the eradication of divisionism [sic] among Rwandans and reinforce unity and reconciliation;
To denounce and fight actions, publications, and utterances that promote any kind of division and discrimination, intolerance and xenophobia;
To make an annual report and other reports that may be deemed necessary, on the level of attainment of national unity and reconciliation;
[To] Monitor how public institutions, leaders and the population in general comply with the National Unity and reconciliation policy and principle.
Unlike its predecessor, the International Commission of Investigation on Human Rights Violations in Rwanda since October 1, 1990, the focus of this Commission is on reconciling Rwandan society into a unified, peaceful nation. While it does acknowledge the events of the past, its primary focus is not investigation.
Structure and funding
The Commission consists of a Council of Commissioners composed of twelve Rwandan commissioners (including a President and Vice-President), and a Permanent Secretariat composed of twenty-six members. The roles fulfilled by these members are as follows: an Executive Secretary, an Advisor to the Executive Secretary, an Administrative Assistant to the Executive Secretary, a Division Manager, an Administrative Assistant to Division Manager, Unity & Regional Identity Coordinators for the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western provinces, as well as one for Kigali City (five Coordinators in total), an Internal Auditor, a Procurement Officer, a Communication and Community Outreach Specialist, a Legal Affairs Officer, a Partnership and Capacity Building Specialist, a Unity and Reconciliation Research & Monitoring Specialist, a Human Resources Management & Capacity Development Specialist, a Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, a Director of Finance and Administration, two Unity and Reconciliation Research & Monitoring Specialists, an International Criminal Tribunal Officer, an Accountant, a Peace Building Specialist, a Budget Officer, and a Secretary in Central Secretariat.
The Commission is subdivided into three departments: the Department of Civic Education, the Department of Peace Building and Conflict Management, and the Department of Administration and Finance. It is primarily funded by foreign governments, though funding for some activities also comes from the United Nations, as well as from local and international NGOs.
Reports and recommendations
Since the Commission became a permanent body in 2002, it has not issued a formal, final report as other truth commissions often do; instead, the NURC has issued several annual reports, many of which are based on the proceedings of conferences held since the early 2000s. One such report was the "Report on the Evaluation of National Unity and Reconciliation" which was published in November 2001. Official publications by the NURC are available through the Commission's website.
Report on the Evaluation of National Unity and Reconciliation, 2001
This report provides information on the "Nationwide Consultations on Unity and Reconciliation" held from April to June 2001, in every Rwandan province except Gisenyi, as well as provincial consultations held on November 23, 2001. These consultations were intended as a "litmus test" to evaluate the progress of unity and reconciliation in Rwanda, and to receive recommendations from the population on how efforts at reconciliation could be improved.
The report lists indicators of harmonious coexistence, indicators of division, and recommendations from the population. In consideration for the information provided by the aforementioned consultations, the NURC recommends that the population be given more transparent explanations of and access to development programmes (a responsibility of the organizing institutions, associations, and organizations, as well as a responsibility of the media to disseminate the information), and that the Ministry of Education speed up the integration of civic education into primary and secondary school curricula. The NURC also recommends (among others): haste in the establishment of Gacaca court jurisdictions, development programmes, a Compensation Fund, and legislature condemning corruption as well as legislature related to land ownership.
Activities
The Commission has a particular focus on homegrown initiatives based in Rwandan history and culture to promote unity and reconciliation. The following are a few such initiatives.
Ingando
Ingando are solidarity camps held across Rwanda as a means of reconciliation through civic education and cooperation. Women, local leaders, and youth ranging from childhood to prospective university students are specifically targeted for solidarity camps. Solidarity camps have also been associated with the concept of Itorero ry'Igihugu. Igando camps have also been used for the reintegration of former offenders associated with the Genocide, including former members of the armed forces and provisionally-released prisoners. Camps typically last from one to three months, but duration varies depending on the reason for a participant’s attendance. The practice is said to be rooted in Rwandan history, as a tradition of taking a break from society to reflect on serious issues of common concern to the community.
Itorero ry’Igihugu
Another practice rooted in traditional Rwandan education, these events are intended to promote cultural values associated with reconciliation and efforts to move forward as a nation united by common goals, such as the prevention of HIV/AIDS, the encouragement of gender equality, the awareness of environmental change and impact, and the combat of genocidal ideologies. Itorero ry'Igihugu typically targets youth.
Gacaca
Gacaca is a traditional Rwandan form of communal justice, whereby local judges are elected by the community to preside over court proceedings. The tradition was revived in 2003 under the presidency of Paul Kagame, in order to try some of the 120,000 people who had been arrested since 1994 in relation to the Genocide. The goals of the Gacaca courts are “to enable truth-telling,” “to promote reconciliation,” “to eradicate the culture of impunity,” “to speed up the trial of genocide suspects,” and “to demonstrate Rwanda’s own problem-solving capacity.” These courts "encourage offenders to confess, to express public apology, and to offer reparations, thereby facilitating the reintegration of perpetrators back into Rwandan society."
Abunzi
Abunzi employs mediators in local justice, as a first step in conflict resolution. Wherever possible, the mediation of the Abunzi is meant to resolve conflicts before there is a need for the involvement of judicial courts. This Rwandan tradition was revived by the country’s government in 2006.
Umuganda
The tradition of Umuganda was revived by the Rwandan government in 1998, but was only institutionalized with laws passed in 2007 and 2009. The aim of this initiative is to use the resources of the community to foster growth in the community, through activities such as tree planting, building houses, schools, clinics, and so on. In so doing, the activities associated with Umuganda encourage reconciliation by bringing together former opponents to work on constructive tasks which in turn, promote national reconstruction. It is a recurring activity, taking place on the last Saturday of every month (though communities can decide to do it more often, if they wish). It lasts for three hours, and is mandatory for all able persons aged 18 to 65.
Girinka
Also known as the “One Cow Per Poor Family” Program, Girinka "aims at ending malnutrition, poverty, and strengthening social cohesion.” It was set up in 2006 under the government of President Kagame. Poor families are provided with one heifer each, which in turn provides them with milk for sustenance, manure for fertilizer, and a varied source of income. As of 2015, 203,000 families had benefited from the program, while the goal was to reach 350,000 families by 2017.
Challenges and criticism
In a 2016 publication entitled Unity and Reconciliation Process in Rwanda—22 years after the 1994 Genocide perpetrated against Tutsi, the NURC acknowledges four major hindrances to its attempts at unity and reconciliation. The first is identified as "genocide ideology, divisionism [sic], and denial," which the Commissioners note, prevails especially with the elderly and youth. They acknowledge that the legacy of hatred is not easily erased, and the persisting ideologies still cause conflict in Rwanda today. The proposed solution is one of re-education, as with the Ingando and the Itorero ry'Igihugu, for example, and the denouncement of hate speech and other forms of discrimination, as with the anti-discrimination law passed in 2001.
Along the same lines, the second hindrance identified by the NURC is one of "fresh wounds" and "memories of divisions and genocide" felt through generations of perpetrators and survivors, which the NURC is attempting to deal with through its various activities.
The third hindrance is a "problem with the compensation of properties looted [or] destroyed." Generally, the approach to this issue has been to oblige perpetrators to repay their victims for damages incurred, which has proven to be problematic due to outright refusals, or a lack of resources to do so. The Commission also acknowledges the responsibility of the current government to do so on the behalf of the government in power during the Genocide, both in terms of the national debt incurred for genocidal purposes, and the destruction of individuals' property. Some solutions to these issues proposed in the publication include the posting of a report listing the names of people owing debts for destroyed property (with an indication of whether the debt is outstanding based on refusal or incapacity to repay the debt,) as well as the possibility of repaying debts by means other than financially (e.g. building houses). A third suggestion is to solicit funds to repay debts from the international community, in acknowledging the role of the international community in the conflict.
The fourth and final hindrance acknowledged in the publication is "poverty and socioeconomic inequality," which the Commission equally acknowledges was also a "contributing trigger/factor" to the Genocide itself. A dependence on foreign aid and goods, a lack of available land for generally young and still-growing population, and a lack of employment for a generally low-skilled labor force are all contributing factors to the economic struggle which stands in the way of reconciliation. Proposed suggestions to regulate these issues include a shift from the agrarian-based economy to a knowledge-based economy, increased agricultural productivity, the creation of at least 200,000 new jobs annually, reforming education, encouraging vocational training, promoting technological skills, stimulating entrepreneurship with access to financing, and expanding the country's markets both within the continent and across the globe.
Other scholarly criticism has also arisen regarding the approaches to reconciliation by the NURC. Denise Bentrovato, in her article "Accounting for Genocide: Transitional Justice, Mass (Re)Education and the Pedagogy of Truth in Present-day Rwanda," argues that efforts at re-education in Rwanda have been ineffective in transforming the divisive tendencies of Rwandans, especially in their selectivity of what truth will be told. Janine Natalya Clark argues in her article "National Unity and Reconciliation in Rwanda: A Flawed Approach?" that the attempts of the NURC to glaze over Hutu and Tutsi identities and favor a uniform "Banyarwanda" identity undermines the effectiveness of the Commission to achieve true reconciliation and unity. Susan M. Thomson argues that attempts at reconciliation have been too narrow, in that they have further marginalized the ethnic Twa living in Rwanda, by presenting a narrative of genocide and reconciliation which is ignorant to this segment of the Rwandan population. Some other barriers to reconciliation encountered in Rwanda are the refusal of many perpetrators to admit to the crimes they committed during the conflict, and the inability of surviving family members to reconcile without the recovery of their loved ones' bodies.
References
Category:Rwandan genocide
Category:Truth and reconciliation commissions
Category:Organisations based in Rwanda
Category:Organizations established in 1999
Category:1999 establishments in Rwanda | {
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Re Ru
Re Ru () is a 1999 Sri Lankan Sinhala comedy drama film directed and produced by Jayasekara Aponso. It stars Jayasekara Aponso and Dilhani Ekanayake in lead roles along with Avanthi Aponso and Bandula Vithanage. Music composed by D.D Gunasena. It is the 909th Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.
Plot
Cast
Jayasekara Aponso
Dilhani Ekanayake as Kumari
Avanthi Aponso
Gamini Aponso
Dammika Aponso
Bandula Vithanage
Thilak Kumara Rathnayake
Soundtrack
This is last movie of Milton Mallawarachchi voice....
References
Category:Sri Lankan films
Category:1999 films
Category:Sinhala-language films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
LaFee discography
The discography of LaFee, a German pop rock singer, consists of four studio albums, fourteen singles, one best of and three music DVDs on Capitol Records.
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Singles
Music videos
Video albums
References
Category:Discographies of German artists
Category:Pop music discographies
Category:Articles containing German-language text | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tom Currigan
Thomas Guida "Tom" Currigan (July 8, 1920 – December 27, 2014) was Auditor of Denver, Colorado, from 1955 to 1963 and Denver Democratic Party Mayor from 1963 to 1968.
Currigan was the grandson of Martin D. Currigan. He graduated from University of Notre Dame in 1941. He joined the military in 1942 during the World War II era and was discharged as a captain in the United States Air Force in 1946. He worked for Remington Rand Company. His first political job was Chief of Police in Denver. He died on December 27, 2014 at a nursing home in Chicago, Illinois, aged 94.
See also
Mayors of Denver
Corrigan (surname)
References
External links
Curren to Currivan, the Political Graveyard
Category:1920 births
Category:2014 deaths
Category:Mayors of Denver
Category:Colorado Democrats
Category:University of Notre Dame alumni
Category:United States Air Force officers
Category:American municipal police chiefs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mitchell Plain
The Mitchell Plain is a karst area in Indiana of relatively low relief. The extensive underlying cave system developed in Mississippian age limestone bedrock. Surface drainage is rare due to most streams in the area disappearing into caves or joints within the rock.
The limestone is a vestige of an early shallow cratonic sea that covered what would become Indiana, while the North-South linearity of the region is left over from the Cincinnati Uplift, sloping the rock layers from a high in the East sloping downward towards Cairo, Illinois.
The Mitchell Plain is bound by the older rocks of Norman Upland on the East and the younger rocks of Crawford Upland on the West.
References
Category:Karst fields
Category:Landforms of Indiana
Category:Limestone formations of the United States
Category:Geologic formations of Indiana
Category:Mississippian United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1945–46 Northern Football League
The 1945–46 Northern Football League season was the 48th in the history of the Northern Football League, a football competition in Northern England.
League table
References
1945-46
4 | {
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Spadolini I Cabinet
The Spadolini I Cabinet, led by Giovanni Spadolini, was the 39th cabinet of the Italian Republic.
The government, in office from 28 June 1981 to 23 August 1982, was led by for the first time in the republican history of Italy by a non-Christian Democrat Prime Minister, the Republican Spadolini. However, Christian Democracy (DC) maintained the majority of ministries, while forming a large coalition of five parties (Pentapartito) with Italian Socialist Party (PSI), Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI), Italian Republican Party (PRI) and Italian Liberal Party (PLI).
The cabinet fell after the reject of the government's budget law. After that, Spadolini resigned on 7 August 1982.
Party breakdown
Ministers and other members
Italian Republican Party (PRI): prime minister, 1 minister, 3 undersecretaries
Christian Democracy (DC): 15 ministers, 31 undersecretaries
Italian Socialist Party (PSI): 7 ministers, 15 undersecretaries
Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI): 3 ministers, 5 undersecretaries
Italian Liberal Party (PLI): 1 minister, 3 undersecretaries
Composition of the Government
References
Category:Italian governments
Category:Cabinets established in 1981
Category:Cabinets disestablished in 1982
Category:1981 establishments in Italy
Category:1982 disestablishments in Italy | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bekenstein
The surname Bekenstein may refer to:
Jacob Bekenstein (1947-2015), Mexican-born Israeli-American physicist
Joshua Bekenstein, American businessman | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Peggy Koopman-Boyden
Dame Peggy Gwendoline Koopman-Boyden is a New Zealand gerontologist. A professor of social gerontology at the University of Waikato, she was accorded the title of professor emeritus when she retired in 2016.
In 1990, Koopman-Boyden was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In the 1997 New Year Honours, she was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the elderly, and she was promoted to Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to seniors, in the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours.
References
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:Massey University alumni
Category:University of Waikato faculty
Category:New Zealand women academics
Category:Gerontologists
Category:Dames Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
5126 Achaemenides
5126 Achaemenides ( ), provisional designation , is a Jupiter trojan from the Greek camp, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 1 February 1989, by American astronomer Carolyn Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California. The dark Jovian asteroid belongs the 100 largest Jupiter trojans and has a long rotation period of 32.4 hours. It was named after one of Odysseus's crew members, Achaemenides, from Greek mythology.
Orbit and classification
Achaemenides is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance . It is also a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.1–5.4 AU once every 12 years (4,385 days; semi-major axis of 5.24 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.02 and an inclination of 30° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery at Palomar in January 1953, more than 36 years prior to its official discovery observation.
Physical characteristics
Achaemenides is an assumed C-type asteroid.
Rotation period
In April 22015, a rotational lightcurve of Achaemenides was obtained from photometric observations by Daniel Coley at the Center for Solar System Studies, in collaboration with Robert Stephens and Linda French. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.36 magnitude (). While not being a slow rotator, Achaemenides has one of the longest periods of all larger Jupiter trojans (see table below).
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Achaemenides measures 48.57 and 51.92 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.068 and 0.050, respectively.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 44.22 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.5.
Naming
This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after the Greek warrior Achaemenides, one of few surviving members of Odysseus's crew. Left behind when Odysseus fled the blinded Cyclops, he was later rescued by the Trojan Aeneas. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 4 June 1993 ().
Notes
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info)
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (5001)-(10000) – Minor Planet Center
Asteroid 5126 Achaemenides at the Small Bodies Data Ferret
005126
Category:Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker
Category:Minor planets named from Greek mythology
Category:Named minor planets
19890201 | {
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Princelett
Princelett, sometimes spelled "Princelet", is a hamlet on the Isle of Wight. Princelett is in Newchurch parish. Until the mid 20th Century it was known chiefly for its milk distribution business known as Princelett Dairy.
References
Category:Hamlets on the Isle of Wight | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Poplar Landing, Virginia
Poplar Landing is an unincorporated community in King William County, Virginia, United States.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Virginia
Category:Unincorporated communities in King William County, Virginia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tu Shao-chieh
Tu Shao-chieh (born 2 January 1999) is an Taiwanese professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Ming Chuan University and the Chinese Taipei national team.
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:1999 births
Category:Taiwanese footballers
Category:Chinese Taipei international footballers
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Footballers from Taipei | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2002 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's long jump
The women's long jump event at the 2002 Asian Athletics Championships was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 10 August.
Results
References
Category:2002 Asian Athletics Championships
Category:Long jump at the Asian Athletics Championships
Category:2002 in women's athletics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Campus Dakwah Institute
Campus Dakwah Institute (Lembaga Dakwah Kampus), often abbreviated as LDK, is an inter-campus student organization linking every university in Indonesia, aimed for the proselytization of Islam (dawah). Most of the universities in Indonesia is required to have their LDK branch. In each campus, the LDK branch can be different in its organization, in which different names are often employed, including Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Islam (Islamic Student Activity Unit), Islamic Spirituality (Kerohanian Islam), Islamic Studies Forum (Forum Studi Islam), and Islamic Spiritual Body (Badan Kerohanian Islam).
History
LDK emerged during the 80's as a body for the propagation of Islam at the universities, principally targeting students and the affiliates of academia, demographics which considered to be the strategic subjects for the societal changes from the perspective of their roles in the society. Its development can be traced back to the Soeharto regime's refusal of Masyumi Party's political participation, and the subsequent establishment of Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia (DDII), an organization dedicated to Islamic propagation, by the former leader of Masyumi Party Mohammad Natsir. Penetration of DDII into the university campuses, primarily elite secular universities such as Bandung Institute of Technology, University of Indonesia, Bogor Agricultural University and Gadjah Mada University had initiated the formulation of LDK. Through the course of the history of Islam in Indonesia, LDK has been considered an indirect source of the rapid development of Islam in the late 20th century.
Interorganizational system
LDK Hospitality Forum
LDK Hospitality Forum (FSLDK or FSLDKI) is an open forum for the LDK members to discuss the meta-issues regarding each of the LDK chapters. FSLDK is open for every LDK members and they are entitled to join the group. The network is widespread throughout the archipelago, similarly to LDK. Currently, the membership counts 860. At the national level, there is FSLDKN, which operates as a directorial administration of the FSLDK throughout the country. FSLDKN aims to discuss the role of LDK in the national and international scope, and responsible for managing PUSKOSMAS (LDK National Center for Communication). At the regional level, there is FSKDKD which aims at reflecting the direction of FSLDKN, discussing the role of LDK at the local level, and responsible for managing PUSKOMDA (LDK Central Communication Area). The agenda of FSLDK is increasingly becoming diverse, ranging from the assistance of local LDK chapters, management training, participation at the international symposium to disaster management.
References
Category:Islamic organizations based in Indonesia
Category:Student organizations in Indonesia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lethal Weapon 2
Lethal Weapon 2 is a 1989 American buddy cop action comedy film directed by Richard Donner, and starring Mel Gibson, Danny Glover, Joe Pesci, Patsy Kensit, Derrick O'Connor and Joss Ackland. It is a sequel to the 1987 film Lethal Weapon and the second installment in the Lethal Weapon film series.
Gibson and Glover respectively reprise their roles as LAPD officers Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh, who protect an irritating federal witness (Pesci), while taking on a gang of South African drug dealers hiding behind diplomatic immunity. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Sound Editing (Robert G. Henderson). The film received mostly positive reviews and earned more than $227 million worldwide.
Plot
Two years after the events of the first film, LAPD sergeants Martin Riggs and Roger Murtaugh are pursuing unidentified suspects transporting an illegal shipment of gold krugerrands. The Afrikaner apartheid government of South Africa subsequently orders Los Angeles consul-general Arjen Rudd (Joss Ackland) and security agent Pieter Vorstedt (Derrick O'Connor) to warn both detectives off the investigation; they are reassigned to protecting an obnoxious federal witness, Leo Getz (Joe Pesci), after an attack on Murtaugh's home.
It soon becomes clear that both cases are related: After an attempt on Leo's life, Riggs and Murtaugh learn of the former's murky past laundering funds for vengeful drug smugglers. Leo leads them to the gang, but upon dispatching his would-be assassin and returning with backup they are confronted by Rudd, who invokes diplomatic immunity on behalf of his unscrupulous "associates."
Though instructed to leave the case alone, Riggs begins to openly harass the South African consulate, defying Rudd and romancing his secretary, Rika van den Haas (Patsy Kensit), a liberal-minded Afrikaner who despises her boss and his racial philosophy. Vorstedt is dispatched to murder all of the officers investigating them while Murtaugh deduces that Rudd is attempting to ship funds from his smuggling ring in the United States to Cape Town via Los Angeles Harbor. Two assassins attack Murtaugh at his home, but he kills them in the ensuing fight, though Leo is abducted in the process.
After killing many of the investigating officers, Vorstedt seizes Riggs at van den Haas' apartment and discloses that he was responsible for the death of Martin's wife years earlier during a botched assassination attempt on Riggs. He succeeds in drowning Rika, but a vengeful Riggs manages to escape. He phones Murtaugh, declaring an intention to pursue Rudd and avenge his wife, Rika, and their fallen friends; the other policeman willingly forsakes his badge to aid his partner. After rescuing Leo and destroying Rudd's house, they head for the Alba Varden, Rudds' freighter docked in the Port of Los Angeles, as the South Africans prepare their getaway with hundreds of millions in drug money.
While investigating a guarded 40 foot cargo container at the docks, Riggs and Murtaugh are locked inside by Rudd's men. They break out of the box, scattering two pallets of Rudd's drug money into the harbor in the process. Riggs and Murtaugh engage in a firefight with some of Rudd's men aboard the Alba Varden before separating to hunt down Rudd. Riggs confronts and fights Vorstedt hand-to-hand, culminating when Riggs stabs Vorstedt with his own knife and crushes him by dropping a cargo container on him. Rudd retaliates by shooting Riggs in the back multiple times with an antique Broomhandle Mauser pistol. Ignoring his claim to diplomatic immunity, Murtaugh kills Rudd with a single shot from his revolver, revoking the claim. He then tends to Riggs, sharing a laugh with him as more LAPD personnel respond to the scene.
Cast
Production
Shane Black and Warren Murphy's original Play Dirty script
Following the success of the first film, Warner Bros. and producers decided to make the sequel. Producer Joel Silver asked writer of the first film Shane Black to write the script for the sequel in the spring of 1987 and Black agreed. Although he was struggling with personal issues, Black still managed to write the first draft along with his friend, novelist Warren Murphy, co-creator of Remo Williams (the lead character of The Destroyer novels). Their original title for the script was Play Dirty. Although many people thought that their script was brilliant, it was rejected by Silver, studio and director Richard Donner for being too dark and bloody, and because in the ending of the script Riggs dies, while they wanted to keep him alive in case of further sequels. They also wanted the second film to focus more on comedy, while Black's draft focused more on courage and heroics, like Riggs willing to die to protect Murtaugh and his family, due to his love for them.
When his script was rejected, Black felt that he had failed the producers. He initially offered to give his payment back, but his agent talked him out of it. Black also refused to re-write the script and quit from the project after working for six months on it. Black later said how the problem with the second film was that they did too much comedy, and how he dislikes the third and fourth films because of the way Riggs' character was changed.
The final version of the script written by Jeffrey Boam that was used for filming was completely different from Black's draft, other than the scene where the stilt house is destroyed. The character of Leo Getz was originally a minor character in Black's draft with only one scene and few lines of dialogue. Some of the other differences include more graphic violence throughout the script, which included the South Africans being even more vicious than in the final film; at one point Shapiro, the female police officer working with Riggs and Murtaugh, is tortured to death by them. There was also a scene where Riggs gets tortured by them in a similar way to how he was in first film, but a lot worse. There was also an action scene in the script where a plane full of cocaine gets destroyed and cocaine falls over Los Angeles "like snow". In Black's script the final battle took place on hills covered with a big brush fire, and after destruction of the stilt house Riggs chases the main villain Benedict (Pieter Vorstedt in the film), a much different and more dangerous character in original script and Riggs' "arch-nemesis and worst nightmare" according to Black, into the heart of the fire, after which Riggs gets stabbed and dies slowly from his wounds. The last scene in the script was Murtaugh watching the video tape that Riggs made before the final battle since he knew that he was going to die, and on which he says goodbye to Murtaugh. Black's reason for killing Riggs in his draft of the script, as he said in an interview, was that in first film Riggs was a "suicidal mess" who did not care about living or dying but his friendship with Murtaugh and his family was what helped him, and him sacrificing himself to save them would be the last thing he would have to do to be fully at peace. Black also said how the death scene he wrote for Riggs was "beautiful" and would make the audience cry. Black later labeled his rejected Play Dirty script "the best thing I ever wrote" and said he learned to trust his instincts after this experience. Black's script was never released and despite attempts by fans to find a copy of it, it remains unreleased.
Director Richard Donner said in the film's Blu-ray commentary that the film was shot in such a way that it could be edited with two different endings, one in which Riggs dies and one in which he lives. Audiences in test screenings responded well to Riggs' survival, and this was kept, though the last shot in the film with the camera moving away from Murtaugh holding Riggs was shot for the ending in which he dies.
Jeffrey Boam's final script
When the original Shane Black screenplay was changed, he left the series. The rewrites that resulted in the final film are by Jeffrey Boam (screenwriter for Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and The Lost Boys). Boam also did some uncredited re-writing of the script for the first film when Donner thought that some parts of it were too dark and violent. Boam initially wrote two different drafts for his re-write of Lethal Weapon 2; one which was hard-boiled action script and one which had more comedy. He was told to mix the two drafts together and make a new one that was going to be used for filming. However, not only did Boam end up having to re-write the script many times even before filming started, but he also had to keep re-writing it during production since Donner would always want to improvise something new in a scene or demanded changes to be made on the script in the middle of filming. Boam also wrote the script for Lethal Weapon 3 and he once again had to re-write his script many times before and during filming of that sequel for same reasons. He also wrote an unused draft for the fourth film around January 1995 which had Riggs and Murtaugh fighting against a neo-Nazi survivalist militia group that was committing a terrorist attack in L.A.
Screenwriter Robert Mark Kamen said in October 2012 interview for craveonline that during the time when he was working as screenwriter for Warner Bros. and would often do lot of uncredited work on their films, he also worked on Lethal Weapon 2 and 3. He said how amongst large chunks of the stuff he added in Lethal Weapon 2 script during re-writes were all the parts with South African villains. Although he was uncredited for his work on this film, he did get a credit for his work on Lethal Weapon 3 because he did a lot more work on that sequel.
Originally, the character of Rika was intended to survive, with the last scene in the film being Riggs and Rika eating Thanksgiving dinner with the Murtaughs, but the director decided to kill the character to increase Riggs' motivation to destroy the South African drug smugglers. The film was the debut of Leo Getz (Joe Pesci), a crooked but whistle-blowing CPA who is placed in protective custody by Riggs and Murtaugh, and makes the detectives' more difficult due to his neurotic behavior. The Getz character remained a regular throughout the remainder of the film series.
Filming
The scene where Riggs is on the road outside Arjen's stilt house and grabs onto the front of the truck (the same scene with the surfboard killing a driver) was filmed on March 21, 1989. The opening chase sequence was filmed on November 28, 1988. The scenes where Riggs and Rika are ambushed by helicopters at night on the beach were filmed at Marineland of the Pacific in Rancho Palos Verdes, California, on "Cobble Beach". Other portions of the film were shot in Palm Springs, California.
The Star Wars series and Ghostbusters notwithstanding (which were released some years before), the film was among the first of the summer blockbusters to feature the 'title only' style of opening that would become an established feature of 'event' films from that point on.
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was released on Warner Bros. Records and was written and performed by Michael Kamen, Eric Clapton, and David Sanborn.
The track list released commercially is as follows:
"Cheer Down" by George Harrison
"Still Cruisin' (After All These Years)" by The Beach Boys
"Knockin' on Heaven's Door" (Bob Dylan) by Randy Crawford, Eric Clapton and David Sanborn
"Riggs"
"The Embassy"
"Riggs and Roger"
"Leo"
"Goodnight Rika"
"The Stilt House"
"The Shipyard/Knockin' on Heaven's Door"
The soundtrack also includes "I'm Not Scared" performed by Eighth Wonder, which features co-star Patsy Kensit on vocals, and The Skyliners performed "Since I Don't Have You", "This I Swear", "Lonely Way", "How Much", and "Believe Me"; however, none of these are included on the soundtrack album.
In 2013 La-La Land Records issued the complete score (plus the original soundtrack album) as Discs 3 and 4 of its Lethal Weapon Soundtrack Collection eight-disc set.
Release
Box office performance
Lethal Weapon 2 was the third most successful film of 1989 in North America (after Batman and Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade), earning nearly $150 million in the US and $80.6 million overseas.
Critical reception
The New York Times stated, "Though it includes a smashed car full of Krugerrands, a hillside house blown off its stilts and a bomb set under a toilet, the point of Lethal Weapon 2 is that Mel Gibson and Danny Glover get to race around in all that chaos, acting crazy. Before it skids out of control in the final sequence, the film is so careful to preserve its successful comic-action formula that it follows the most basic law of sequels. If you liked Lethal Weapon, you'll like Lethal Weapon 2; it's almost as simple as that." Los Angeles Times reviewer Michael Wilmington stated that "though it's nice to have a big-audience action movie attacking apartheid and the slaughter of sea mammals, instead of acting as an enlistment poster for the Army Air Corps, local vigilante groups or the reopening of the Vietnam War, the sentiments don't really transcend the car crashes." It holds an 84% approval on Rotten Tomatoes based on 37 reviews and has an average rating of 6.69/10. The consensus reads: "Lethal Weapon 2 may sport a thin plot typical of action fare, but its combination of humor and adrenaline, along with the chemistry between its leads, make this a playful, entertaining sequel." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 70 out of 100, based on 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.
Home media releases
Lethal Weapon 2 has been released on VHS and DVD numerous times, along with a singular Blu-ray Disc release. The first DVD was released in 1997 and featured the film's theatrical version. The Director's Cut was released in 2000. Since then, numerous sets have been released that contain all four films in the series (featuring the same DVDs). The theatrical version was also released on Blu-ray in 2006.
References
External links
Category:1989 films
Category:1980s action comedy films
Category:1980s action thriller films
Category:1980s buddy comedy films
Category:1980s sequel films
Category:Apartheid films
Category:American films
Category:American action comedy films
Category:American action thriller films
Category:American buddy comedy films
Category:American buddy cop films
Category:American detective films
Category:American sequel films
Category:American films about revenge
Category:English-language films
Category:Fictional portrayals of the Los Angeles Police Department
Category:Films scored by Michael Kamen
Category:Films scored by Eric Clapton
Category:Films directed by Richard Donner
Category:Films produced by Joel Silver
Category:Films set in Los Angeles
Category:Films shot in California
Category:Lethal Weapon
Category:Police detective films
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Category:Films about United States Army Special Forces
Category:Warner Bros. films
Category:1980s buddy cop films
Category:Films with screenplays by Shane Black | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Jules Coste
Jules Coste, called Coste-Labaume, (7 August 1840 – 9 September 1910) (was a 19th-century French journalist and playwright. His nom de plume was Marius Canard. He was made chevalier of the Légion d'honneur (6 February 1897) and promoted officier (15 January 1908).
Works
1883 : Guignol député
1887: L'instruction obligatoire
1892: Aux environs de Lyon
References
External links
Jules Coste on data.bnf.fr
Category:People from Dardilly
Category:1840 births
Category:1910 deaths
Category:19th-century French journalists
Category:French male journalists
Category:19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
Category:Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Category:19th-century French male writers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Bożejewice, Mogilno County
Bożejewice () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Strzelno, within Mogilno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
History
The village has a history going back thousands of years. Remains have been found of houses from the Linear Pottery culture.
References
Category:Villages in Mogilno County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
S2 Records
S2 Records, formerly named Sony Soho2 after its location at London's Soho Square, is a record label subsidiary of Sony Music.
Lincoln Elias, currently Managing Director of Virgin Records, was the founder of the label. It is now headed by Muff Winwood, brother of musician Steve Winwood.
S2 features bands and singers such as Jamiroquai, Des'ree, Reef, Jimmy Ray and others.
See also
List of record labels
Category:British record labels
Category:Pop record labels
Category:Rock record labels
Category:Soho Square
Category:Sony Music | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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No. 239 Squadron RAF
No. 239 Squadron RAF was an anti-submarine squadron of the Royal Air Force during World War I. During World War II the squadron performed as an army co-operation squadron and later as a night intruder unit. After the war the squadron was disbanded.
History
Formation and World War I
No. 239 Squadron RAF was formed from No 418 (Coastal reconnaissance) Flight at Torquay, on 20 August 1918, and was equipped with the Short 184, flying anti-submarine patrols with them until the Armistice. The squadron either disbanded on 15 May 1919 or on 31 May 1919
World War II
On 18 September 1940, the squadron reformed at RAF Hatfield from a flight each of No. 16 and No. 225 squadrons. The squadron began with Westland Lysanders, and then later re-equipped with Curtiss Tomahawks and Hawker Hurricanes. The squadron converted to North American P-51 Mustangs in May 1942 and began ground attack and reconnaissance operations over Northern France, which lasted till August 1943, the squadron also taking part in the air cover during the Dieppe Raid.
In September 1943 the squadron moved to RAF Ayr to train as a night fighter unit, and re-equipped with the de Havilland Mosquito. It then moved to RAF West Raynham to join No. 100 (Bomber Support) Group, participating in night time operations against enemy fighters. On 27 October 1944 during fighter affiliation training with No. 49 Squadron RAF, a Mosquito piloted by F/Lt J.H.Roberts and accompanied by Flight Engineer Sgt. A.M.Ashcroft, stalled and crashed in Stapleford Woods, Lincolnshire, with the immediate death of both pilot and passenger.
The squadron disbanded on 1 July 1945.
Aircraft operated
References
Citations
Bibliography
Bowyer, Michael J.F. and John D.R. Rawlings. Squadron Codes, 1937–56. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd., 1979. .
Flintham, Vic and Andrew Thomas. Combat Codes: A full explanation and listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied air force unit codes since 1938. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 2003. .
Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. .
Jefford, C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1988 (second edition 2001). .
External links
History of No.'s 236–240 Squadrons at RAF Web
239 Squadron history on MOD site
239 Squadron
Category:Military units and formations established in 1918
Category:1918 establishments in the United Kingdom | {
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Davnet
Davnet is the third studio album by Canadian singer Damhnait Doyle, released in February 2003 (see 2003 in music) on the Halifax indie label Turtlemusik. It was produced by Gordie Sampson.
Music journalist Bob Mersereau wrote, "She's come a long way since her first album... She's gone from a youngster searching for pop hits to a much better artist letting the songs flow where they should." The Globe and Mail, in a mostly favourable review, described her vocals as "comfy and confident... [Her] voice... is that of an ingénue made wiser but not more bitter by experience."
Track listing
"Sinkin' Stone... Part I" (Damhnait Doyle) – 1:15
"Another California Song" (Doyle, Gordie Sampson) – 4:44
"Deal with God" (Doyle, Sampson) – 3:24
"Afterglow" (Doyle, Sampson) – 4:08
"Every Hit" (Doyle, Steve Krecklo) – 3:24
"Traffic" (Doyle) – 4:05
"Sinkin' Stone... Part II" (Doyle) – 1:15
"Butterfly" (Doyle, Jeff Pearce) – 4:46
"Now When the Rain Falls" (Doyle, Ron Lopata, Dana Manning) – 4:26
"Good to You" (Doyle, Jamie Robinson) – 3:56
"Jeff" (Doyle) – 3:16
"Sinkin' Stone... Part III" (Doyle, Craig Northey) – 0:54
"Is It Right" (Doyle, Sampson, Eliza Jane Scott) – 6:08
References
Category:Damhnait Doyle albums
Category:2003 albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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FT Alphaville
FT Alphaville is a daily news and commentary service for financial market professionals created by the Financial Times in October 2006. The founding editor was Paul Murphy. He was succeeded in 2017 by Izabella Kaminska.
The service includes an email-based morning financial brief, a blog, and two message boards, one called "Markets Live" and another, added two years after its founding, called "The Long Room ". Commenting on the blog or participating on either of the message boards require registration; the Long Room is limited to current and retired financial professionals.
FT Alphaville won a Harold Wincott Award for 2007, in the category of online journalism. It subsequently won Best Business Blog in both the Judge's Panel and the People's Voice categories, at the 2008 Webby Awards.
Camp Alphaville
On July 2, 2014, the FT Alphaville team organised Camp Alphaville, a one-day finance festival in the heart of the city, in which over 500 people took part. The camp featured a main stage that hosted rolling discussions and interviews ranging from the future of money to "nuts markets". More focused discussions were held on the sidelines in inflatable igloos. Speakers and attendees were also able to beam into the event via autonomous telepresence robots.
The event returned in 2015, and in 2016 under the name of "FT Festival of Finance".
Nomenclature
The service is called "Alphaville", in reference to "the City term 'Alpha', meaning 'absolute returns' … above and beyond the industry benchmark." "The Long Room" is named after a dining room of a City of London bar/restaurant on Throgmorton Street that used to be frequented by stockbrokers, bankers and insurance brokers when the London Stock Exchange was located on Threadneedle Street.
See also
Planet Money
References
External links
Website of FT Alphaville
Category:Financial Times
Category:Internet properties established in 2006
Category:Online financial services companies of the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Bostrodes
Bostrodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Category:Acontiinae | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Karelia Software
Karelia Software, or Karelia is a software company with a headquarters in Alameda, California that claims to pioneer the desktop Web application market. It was founded by Dan Wood and later joined by Terrence Talbot. The company derives its name from the Karelia Suite of classical music by Jean Sibelius. The name can also refer to Karelia, a historical province in eastern Finland.
Products
Active products
Sandvox, a new website creation tool for Mac OS X, released in May 2006. Version 2.0 was released in May 2011. Latest version is 2.10.12 and was published 26 September 2018.
iMedia Browser, a freeware media library program for Mac OS X 10.4 or later.
Discontinued products
Watson, an Internet browsing and searching utility for Mac OS X, similar to Apple's Sherlock.
TuneFinder, a melody finder for the classic Mac OS and Mac OS X (issued as an early development preview).
Company history
The original Karelia logo was inspired by events that occurred shortly after Dan Wood created Watson. The application was designed as a complement to Apple's existing Sherlock 2 application, providing users various plug-ins to view specific internet content. Watson was released in November 2001, and the popularity of the program grew quickly.
Wood was later invited to a meeting at Apple, in which he was shown a demo of Sherlock 3, which incorporated the same look and nearly all of the modules featured in Watson. After voicing his displeasure to Apple Developer Relations, Wood received a phone call from Steve Jobs, during which Jobs indicated that he saw Karelia as the handcar in the way of the steam train that owns the tracks (a very similar experience to that of Cabel Sasser of Panic Software). Despite this setback, Karelia Software has continued to create popular Mac software and has since incorporated the train tracks and handcar into their logo.
When Apple introduced Sherlock 3 at the World Wide Developer's Conference the following May, the similarities to Watson were striking. User support for Karelia and the Watson program remained high, due in part to the poor user response to the slow speed and restrictions of Sherlock 3.
Dan Wood worked with Sun Microsystems in late 2003 in an attempt to develop to port Watson to Java. The project was later cancelled, allowing Wood and the Karelia team to return full-time to the development of Mac OS X applications.
Karelia's next Macintosh application was the popular and well-received Sandvox for web design. Sandvox was released as a public beta in January 2006, Sandvox 1.0 was announced in May 2006, and Sandvox 1.2 won the runner-up Apple Design Award for Best Mac OS X User Experience in 2007.
Karelia released Sandvox 2 in May 2011. In December 2012, it was one of the 20 apps selected to Apple's Mac App Store Best of 2012.
In March 2014, Karelia acquired The Potion Factory, an independent Mac software company. The latter's applications, The Hit List for Mac and iPhone, I Love Stars, Tangerine!, and Five Moku have been added to Karelia's suite of software products. Andy Kim, head of Potion Factory, joined Karelia as part of the deal.
As of April 2019, Karelia has not responded to support requests for a year, nor has it responded to questions on its community forum for a year. It last posted a statement on its company blog in July 2018.
References
External links
Category:Mac software companies | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Edition (printmaking)
In printmaking, an edition is a number of prints struck from one plate, usually at the same time. This may be a limited edition, with a fixed number of impressions produced on the understanding that no further impressions (copies) will be produced later, or an open edition limited only by the number that can be sold or produced before the plate wears. Most modern artists produce only limited editions, normally signed by the artist in pencil, and numbered as say 67/100 to show the unique number of that impression and the total edition size.
Original or reproduction?
An important and often confused distinction is that between editions of original prints, produced in the same medium as the artist worked (e.g., etching, or lithography), and reproduction prints (or paintings), which are photographic reproductions of the original work, essentially in the same category as a picture in a book or magazine, though better printed and on better paper. These may be marketed as "limited editions" with investment potential (which is rarely realized), and even signed and numbered by the artist. Some knowledge is often required to tell the difference.
Development of the concept
One of the main reasons for the development of printmaking was the desire of artists to make more money from their work by selling multiple copies; printmaking satisfies this motive. The production of multiple copies also tends to reduce production costs and market price when compared to a single or unique image. Until the 19th century, in the period of the Old master print the concept of an edition did not really apply to prints, unlike books. Prints were often run off as demand allowed, and often worn-out plates were reworked by the original artist or another, to produce a new state. The art market attempts to distinguish between "lifetime impressions" and "late impressions", which were produced after the death of the artist. This can be done to some extent by the study of the paper involved, and its watermark, and the condition of the plate as revealed by the printed image. But it remains a difficult area.
The aquatints of Goya, which are done in a technique that wears out quickly on the plate, were the first important prints to be published initially in limited editions, which however were not signed or numbered. In fact the plates survived, and since Goya's death several further editions have been published, showing a progressive and drastic decline in quality of the image, despite some rework. Because of this and other cases, "posthumous editions" produced after the death of an artist, and obviously not signed by him, are usually far less sought after. The plates of later prints are often "cancelled" by defacing the image, with a couple of impressions of the cancelled plate taken to document it. This is now expected by collectors and investors, who want the prints they buy to retain their value.
Modern practice
Prints by artists today may potentially retain their financial value as art (i.e., as an appreciating investment) because they are created by an artistic process rather than by a strictly mechanical one, and may become scarce because the number of multiples is limited. In Rembrandt's time, the limit on the size of an edition was practical: a plate degrades through use, putting an upper limit on the number of images to be struck. Plates can be reworked and restored to some degree, but it is generally not possible to create more than a thousand prints from any process except lithography or woodcut. A few hundred is a more practical upper limit, and even that allows for significant variation in the quality of the image. In drypoint, 10 or 20 may be the maximum number of top-quality impressions possible.
Today, artists will sometimes refer to a print as a "one-off," meaning that the artist has made a unique print and no reproductions of it from the original matrix, often not even a proof. In this category one sometimes finds monotypes, monoprints, collagraphs, altered prints with collage or chine colle additions, or even hand-colored prints. There remain artists who are strong advocates of "artist's prints" which are conceived, printed, signed, and given the edition number 1/1 by the artist. One contemporary printmaker says that she believes that "there is a natural sequence of actions and thoughts which cannot be approximated by the substitution of an artist/printer collaboration unless the artist is truly involved with the printer or assistant in every step of the decision-making and mark-making processes."
Numbering
Because of the variation in quality, lower-numbered prints in an edition are sometimes favored as superior, especially with older works where the image was struck until the plate wore out. However the numbering of impressions in fact may well not equate at all to the sequence in which they were printed, and may often be the reverse of it.
In later times, printmakers recognized the value of limiting the size of an edition and including the volume of the edition in the print number (e.g., "15/30" for the 15th print in an edition of 30). Tight controls on the process to limit or eliminate variation in quality have become the norm. In monotyping, a technique where only two impressions at most can be taken, prints may be numbered 1/1, or marked "unique". Artists usually print an edition much smaller than the plate allows, both for marketing reasons and to keep the edition comfortably within the lifespan of the plate. Specific steps may also be taken to strengthen the plate, such as electroplating intaglio images, which uses an electric process to put a very thin coat of a stronger metal onto a plate of a weaker metal.
The conventions for numbering prints are well-established, a limited edition is normally hand signed and numbered by the artist, typically in pencil, in the form (e.g.): 14/100. The first number is the number of the print itself. The second number is the number of overall prints the artist will print of that image. The lower the second number is, the more valuable and collectible the limited editions are likely to be, within whatever their price range is. Other marks may indicate that a print has been made in addition to the numbered prints of an edition. Artist's proofs are marked "A. P." or "P/A", sometimes E. A. or E. d'A. (épreuve d'artiste); monoprints and uniquely hand-altered prints are marked "unique"; prints that are given to someone or are for some reason unsuitable for sale are marked "H. C." or "H/C", meaning "hors de commerce", not for sale. These are usually prints reserved for the publisher, like Artist's Proofs. The printer is also often allowed to retain some proof impressions; these are marked "P. P." Finally, a master image may be printed against which the members of the edition are compared for quality: these are marked as "bon à tirer" or "BAT" ("good to print" in French). In all, the number of the main edition can represent 50% or less of the total number of good impressions taken.
Professional artist printmakers will sometimes limit an edition to several artist's proof copies, including a "bon a tirer" print and then one unique copy designated as a "one-off" or "1/1" or "one/off".
Consumer protection laws
In the United States limited editions are regulated under state consumer protections laws. California became the first state to regulate the sale of limited edition art prints with the "California Print Law" of 1971. The state of Illinois later expanded on the California statute. However, it was not until 1986 that more comprehensive provisions, still in place today, were enacted with the passage of the "Georgia Print Law". That law became the template for statutes subsequently enacted by other states.. The Georgia Print Law written by (former) State Representative Chesley V. Morton, became effective July 1, 1986. The law requires art dealers, artists, or auctioneers to supply information to perspective purchasers about the nature of the print, the number of prints and editions (including HC editions) produced, and the involvement (if any) of the artist in the creation of the print. The penalty for violation of the law ranges from simple reimbursement to treble damages, in the case of a willful violation. Those found to be in violation of the law are also liable for court costs, expenses, and attorney fees. The law applies to works of art valued at more than $100.00 (not including frame). Charitable organizations are specifically exempt from the provision of the law. The statute of limitations is one year after discovery, and, if discovery of the violation is not made within three years of the sale, then the purchaser’s remedies are extinguished.
References
See also
Historical editions (music)
Print run
Special edition
Artist's multiple
Textual scholarship
External links
What is a print? from the International Fine Art Printers Association
Category:Printing
Category:Printing terminology
Category:Printmaking
Category:Textual scholarship | {
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Azarah
Azarah () was an early Assyrian king. He is listed as the fifteenth among the, "seventeen kings who lived in tents" on the Mesopotamian Chronicles. According to the Mesopotamian Chronicles, Azarah was preceded by Belu. Azarah is succeeded by Ushpia on the Mesopotamian Chronicles. Next to nothing is otherwise known about Azarah's reign.
See also
Timeline of the Assyrian Empire
Early Period of Assyria
List of Assyrian kings
Assyrian continuity
Assyrian people
Assyria
References
Category:23rd-century BC Assyrian kings
Category:Assyrian kings
Category:23rd-century BC rulers | {
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History of military nutrition in the United States
Based on advances in food research technology, and methodologies for the improvement of U.S. Military soldiers’ overall health and nutritional status, the History of military nutrition in the United States can be roughly divided into seven historical eras, from the founding of the country to the present day. Through the research and guidance of medical and military professionals, rations and packaging have been consistently and dramatically improved.
General history
The first formal institution for US military nutrition research was created in 1917, when the Surgeon-General's office established a Food Division for “safeguarding the nutritional interests of the Army." Currently, the US army's nutrition research is presided over by the DoD Combat Feeding and Research Program (CFREP), providing a research, technology and engineering base for all combat feeding systems. The Army is the executive agent for the Combat Research and Engineering Board (CFREB; formerly known as the Food and Nutrition Research and Engineering Board). Chaired by the office of the director, defense research and engineering, the CFREB includes representatives from Army Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps and the Defense Logistics Agency.
The Military Nutrition Division at the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) has been at the forefront of Military Nutrition Research since 1986, and addresses physical, physiological and nutritional requirements of modern military personnel.
Eras
1775–1917
In 1775, the Continental Congress stipulated that all enlisted persons of the Continental Army should receive peas, beans, or vegetables and one pint of milk per man in addition to their provision of meat and bread. For the time, this was a significant recognition of the need to include fresh food in the military diet. As food preservation and refrigeration techniques had not been perfected at the time (late 18th century), perishables were rarely delivered in edible condition to soldiers in the field. Without fresh fruits and vegetables, many soldiers suffered death or illness by such diseases as scurvy. As a result, the overall health and morale of American soldiers suffered.
Aware of the situation, General George Washington wrote a letter to Congress suggesting new personnel be hired to correct issues in the Commissary Department. Congress then directed the Board of War to supply sauerkraut, vegetables, vinegar, beer and cider to troops.
A few decades later, in response to a 12000 franc award offered by Napoleon Bonaparte for the creation of a method to preserve food for armies on the move, Nicholas Appert developed a method to preserve food in airtight bottles. Samples of Appert's preserved foods were sent to sea with Napoleon's men and the food remained fresh for several months. Ten years later, Pierre Durand, a British merchant, patented a similar method using tin-coated canisters, and by 1813, the British Army and Navy were supplied with food preserved in tins.
During the American Civil War, conditions prevented adequate supply and delivery of all ration components to troops. Typhoid, diarrhea, and dysentery, easily spread by contamination of water and food supplies, were widespread, and fatalities caused by these diseases were common.
In 1861, the Army of Virginia published "Directions for Cooking by Troops in Camp and Hospital," an Army camp cooking manual, the content of which was written by Florence Nightingale. The recipes emphasized meat and milk (for protein) and whole grains, fruits and vegetables (for carbohydrates). The first "US Family Food Guide (1916)" was published 35 years later, with essentially similar recommendations.
In 1861, John Ordronaux's "Hints on the Preservation of Health in the Armies" was published containing the first known dietary guidelines for soldiers, identifying priorities of an effective military diet.
After the Civil War, the 1892 ration was developed, providing for fresh meat, fish and vegetables. Although advances had been made in food processing, preservation, storage and refrigeration techniques, food often spoiled over long distances or in warm climates, as these techniques had not been perfected. During the Spanish–American War, many soldiers suffered serious illness as the result of rotten or fermented food. Also in 1892, Captain Charles Woodruff conducted the first military nutrition survey, and earned the title "foremost student of the diet of the American soldier". Through his research, he observed gradual improvement in the quality of Army rations and noted the need for further research and development to ensure the continuation of this trend.
While rations continued to improve, broad distribution of perishable foods did not occur until World War I, when technological advances made it possible to supply camps with fresh meats, eggs, dairy products and vegetables. While overseas, American soldiers consumed the generally adequate Pershing garrison rations, which lacked dairy and vegetable products. Problems such as these were overcome later with the development of the "New Army Ration."
1917–1941
Facing food shortages in both military and civilian populations during World War I, it was important to address reports of food wastage at military training camps. The Division of Food and Nutrition of the Medical Department, U.S. Army (established in 1918 by the War Department) instructed that nutritional surveys should be conducted to assess food requirements and economy. Findings showed that garrison rations were providing an excess of food, were nutritionally unbalanced and had a high fat content. Based on these findings, a new “training ration” was developed to avoid waste.
The first issue of the Journal of Nutrition was published in 1928 by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN). AIN was the first independent scientific society for researchers in the field of nutrition. It was cofounded by an Army nutrition officer, John R. Murlin.
While military nutrition research came to a stop between World War I and World War II, the League of Nations established the Commission on Nutrition to make detailed recommendations based on sound scientific principles of nutrition. The Commission's Mixed Committee on the Problem of Nutrition published its final report, emphasizing the importance of foods such as green leafy vegetables, fruit and milk.
1941–1953
In response to an observation of poor nutritional status among enlisting men, the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council created a force that defines the minimum need and safety margin for nutrient intake. Using available data, the task force specified a tentative set of allowances, intended to address the nutritional needs of civilians and military personnel. These allowances eventually became the Food and Nutrition Board’s Recommended Dietary Allowances.
The Medical Nutrition Laboratory (formerly the Food and Nutrition Laboratory, founded in 1942) along with the Medical Nutrition Laboratory of the Quartermaster Food and Container Institute developed and subsequently improved the individual "D", "K", "C", Survival and Emergency rations. By June 1945, the Army had 157 nutrition officers. Between 1941 and 1946, more than 30 field ration surveys were conducted to assess health, performance and nutritional status of troops in different environments. In 1949, Congress authorized the construction of a new Quartermaster research facility in Natick, Massachusetts. After several name changes, the facility would eventually be known as the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center.
1953–1974
In 1958, the Army's Medical Nutrition Laboratory in Chicago, IL, and the Research and Development Department of Fitzsimons General Hospital in Aurora, Colorado, were combined to form the U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory (USAMRNL). This institution quickly became known as the nation's leading laboratory for human nutrition research and conducted broad and extensive studies. In 1973, the USAMRNL moved to San Francisco and became the Letterman Army Institute of Research (LAIR).
Meanwhile, in 1955, the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense (ICNND) was established to address nutritional problems. After reorganization in 1967, the ICNND published a Ten State Nutrition Survey, exploring issues such as serious hunger, malnutrition and related health concerns. The findings of this report spurred the creation of the Food Stamp program (1974), nutrition programs for the elderly, the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) supplemental nutrition program (1972), the USDA school breakfast program (permanently authorized in 1975), military dietary reform, and the establishment of NIH-funded Nutrition Research Centers.
1974–1980
The Letterman Army Institute of Research (LAIR) was at the forefront of Military Nutrition Research and conducted studies in various areas of medicine, optics, toxicology and nutrition throughout the latter half of the 1970s. Nutrition research targeted the development of new methodologies for the measurement of nutrient intake, identification of contaminants in food, assessment of the nutritional adequacy of the soldier's diet, and assessment of feeding system changes at selected military dining facilities. Scientists also conducted studies exploring the specific roles and mechanisms of nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, carbohydrates, thiamin, iron and several others. Although driven primarily by military concerns, scientists at LAIR and its predecessor labs also contributed essential knowledge to our general understanding of nutrition as it applies to the human body. Among other things, they established requirement recommendations for water, vitamins, and minerals and provided insight on the effects of calorie deprivation.
In the late 1970s, a series of Army management decisions and congressional directives threatened to abolish the nutrition research program at LAIR. Dr. Allan L. Forbes argued strongly for the continuation of nutrition research at LAIR, noting “it would be tragic in the extreme to see dissolution of the finest clinical nutrition research facility we have.” Although those at LAIR had made great efforts and achievements, the Army Nutrition Research Program was suspended in 1980 after Army and Congressional priority decisions. All assets from the Army's military nutrition program were transferred to the USDA's Western Human Nutrition Research Center in Davis, California.
1980–1986
Although the Army Research Program had been suspended, the Department of Defense continued to conduct nutrition research. During the early 1980s, some military nutrition studies continued at the Naval Health Research Center, the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, the Food Engineering Laboratory at the Natick Research and Development Laboratories, the Army Institute of Surgical Research, the Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. After the National Research Council's Advisory Board on Military Personnel Supplies (ABMPS) observed that insufficient attention was paid to nutrition by armed services food programs, funding was granted to establish a Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR). Since its creation in 1982, the CMNR has published more than 50 reports containing analysis, guidance and recommendations to the Department of Defense on nutrition-related priorities.
During the 1980s, new feeding systems were developed, including MREs and T rations. MREs (Meals Ready to Eat) are complete meals in flexible pouches that replaced the less adequate “C-Ration.” The heat-and-serve tray-pack “T” ration was developed to provide the option of a hot meal when cooks were unavailable. In 1983, field trials began to test the adequacy of the MRE ration for long-term subsistence, leading to concerns about weight loss. Following these trials, a new military nutrition research division known as the Nutrition Task Force was established at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine. One of the Nutrition Task Force's first objectives was to complete an intensive field trial of rations to test ration acceptance and intake over extended periods of time. The second half of the 1980s saw continued investment in military nutrition research and in 1986, the Nutrition Task force became the Military Nutrition Division.
1986–present
In 1986, the U.S. Army retook the lead in basic and applied military nutrition science, presided over by the Department of Defense Combat Feeding and Research Program (CFREP), and providing a research, technology and engineering base for combat feeding systems. Since then, the Military Nutrition Division at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) has been at the forefront of physical, physiological, and nutritional requirements research to address the needs of modern military personnel.
The Military Nutrition Division, in collaboration with the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, has made several scientific advances in understanding the energy and nutritional requirements of healthy individuals performing in extreme environments, addressed comprehensive menu modification and enabled the development of improved food composition databases, and developed weight control intervention programs for soldiers. This alliance has also allowed for investigation of performance-enhancing ration components (PERCs), improving human performance by at least 15%, and leading to developments such as the HOOAH! energy bar and the ERGO (Energy Rich Glucose Optimized) energy drink.
During the 1990s, several nutrition studies were conducted, including studies on nutritional influences on immune function, nutritional interventions and susceptibility to disease during high-stress training, and the role of energy balance in disease resistance. The latter study directly led to changes in food allowances for U.S. Army Ranger Training and other high-intensity programs.
Through modern research, ration and hydration requirements have been defined for soldiers and personnel working in high altitudes and in extreme temperatures. Working alongside scientists at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, scientists of the Military Nutrition Division at USARIEM continue to improve ration technologies, address nutrition concerns, establish new programs for soldier weight management and otherwise optimize warfighter performance through military nutrition research.
See also
Foods of the American Civil War
List of military food topics
United States military ration
References
External links
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, TATRC Website
Category:Military food of the United States
Nutrition
he:תזונה צבאית | {
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The Adoration of the Magi (Geertgen tot Sint Jans)
The Adoration of the Magi is a circa 1480-1485 oil on panel painting of the Adoration of the Magi by the Renaissance artist Geertgen tot Sint Jans in the collection of the Rijksmuseum.
Painting
The Adoration of the Magi shows the three magi bearing gifts. King Melchior is shown kneeling before Child Jesus and offering his gift of gold coins. His removed crown lies at his feet. Behind him King Caspar, with his crown dangling behind his head, takes his gift of frankincense from an assistant in readiness to present it. On the left King Balthasar, portrayed as a dark-skinned king, still wears his crown and holds an orb of myrrh. In the background the retinue of each of the three magi can be seen above their heads. The magi are thus shown twice, once in the foreground and again in miniature in the background, arriving with their retinue from Africa, Europe and Asia. An x-ray examination of the underdrawing shows that originally the European retinue of Melchior had him riding a horse and this was later changed to a dromedary. This is surprising, because early camels in 'Three Kings' paintings tend to represent the retinue of Balthasar, who was said to have come from Ethiopia (often meant to symbolize the rest of Africa).
Provenance
This painting is one of three paintings of the Adoration of the Magi by Geertgen that have been attributed to him based on stylistic similarities. The provenance of this painting only goes back to its purchase in 1904. Together with the other two versions, it is based on work by Hugo van der Goes in Berlin.
References
External links
SK-A-2150 painting record on museum website
Category:15th-century paintings
Category:Paintings of the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Category:Paintings by Geertgen tot Sint Jans
Category:Paintings of the Madonna and Child
Geertgen tot Sint Jans | {
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Middle Valley, Tennessee
Middle Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 12,684 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Chattanooga, TN–GA Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography
Middle Valley is located at (35.189120, -85.191060).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (0.81%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,854 people, 4,294 households, and 3,572 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 977.1 people per square mile (377.3/km²). There were 4,459 housing units at an average density of 367.5/sq mi (141.9/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.90% White, 1.87% African American, 0.27% Native American, 1.04% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.80% of the population.
There were 4,294 households out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.8% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the CDP, the population was spread out with 25.7% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $52,534, and the median income for a family was $57,596. Males had a median income of $39,802 versus $26,313 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,151. About 4.6% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Middle Valley has three schools:
Ganns-Middle Valley Elementary
McConnell Elementary
Loftis Elementary
References
Category:Census-designated places in Hamilton County, Tennessee
Category:Census-designated places in Tennessee
Category:Chattanooga metropolitan area
Category:Populated places on the Tennessee River | {
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HMAS St Giles
HMAS St Giles (FY86) was a tugboat which was operated by the Royal Navy (RN), Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and the Australian shipping firms J. & A. Brown and the Waratah Tug and Salvage Company. She was built by Ferguson Shipbuilders, Glasgow for the RN in 1919, was sold to J. & A. Brown in 1925, transferred to the Waratah Tug and Salvage Co Pty Ltd in 1931 and was commissioned into the RAN between 1940 and 1942 and 1945 and 1946 before being scrapped in 1956.
Operational history
The ship was built for the RN as the Rescue/Saint class ocean tug St Giles. She entered service in 1919 and was sold to J. & A. Brown, Newcastle in 1922. She was sold in 1931 to the Waratah Tug and Salvage Co Pty Ltd, Sydney.
Following the outbreak of World War II, St Giles was requisitioned by the RAN in 1939. She was later converted to an auxiliary anti-submarine vessel and commissioned on 15 January 1940. She was decommissioned in May 1942.
St Giles was recommissioned on 23 August 1945. During her second commission she was used as a tugboat in Australian and New Guinea waters. She was paid off from the RAN in March 1946 and returned to her owners in 1947. She continued in commercial service until she was sold for scrap and was broken up in 1956.
Notes
References
External links
Clydebuilt ships St Giles
Category:Tugboats of the Royal Australian Navy
Category:1919 ships
Category:Patrol vessels of the Royal Australian Navy
Category:Tugboats of the Royal Navy | {
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Yi Suhyeong
Yi Suhyeong (1435–1528), also spelled as Lee Soo-Hyung, was a Korean politician and Confucian scholar, writer, and poet in Joseon dynasty. His pen names were Dochon and Gongbukheon. After Sejo of Joseon usurped the throne and the loss of his nephew, he left politics and secluded himself away from society.
life
He studied at Kim Dam's school, and later married one of his teacher Kim Dam's eldest daughters. In 1450, he held an ancestral government position at 17 years old. He was succeeded by sungyorang(선교랑), junsaengseoryung(전생서령), Busajik(부사직).
In 1455, Sejo of Joseon usurped the throne of his nephew, Danjong of Joseon. Angered, Yi Suhyeong left government service and retired to a hermitage in the mountains.
In 1457, after Danjong's assassination, he mourned for 3 years for his nephew. Missing his nephew, as he had since Danjong's death, he cut himself off completely from all human contact, for the next 70 years.
work books
Dochonsunsaengsilgi(도촌선생실기, 桃村先生實紀)
Gwaedangangwangrok(괴단감광록, 槐壇曠感錄)
See also
Sejo of Joseon
Danjong of Joseon
Kim Dam
site web
Yi Suhyeong:Korean historical persons information
Gongbukheon
[이정웅의 노거수와 사람들] 단종 향한 일편단심…세인 관심 끌어
宣城 金氏 撫松軒 金淡 (선성 김씨 무송헌 김담)
400살 ‘시조木’ 두 그루 여전히 성성, 경북 봉화 띠띠미 마을
Dochonsunsaengsilgi
Notes
References
Yi Ga-won, Yijomyunginyuljeon(이조명인열전), Eulyumunhwasa, 1965
Category:1435 births
Category:1528 deaths
Category:Korean Confucianists
Category:Korean philosophers
Category:Joseon Dynasty writers
Category:15th-century Korean people
Category:Korean male poets | {
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Barq va Baran-e Olya
Barq va Baran-e Olya (, also Romanized as Barq va Bārān-e ‘Olyā; also known as Bargbārān, Bargobārān, and Barq va Yārān) is a village in Dasht-e Zahab Rural District, in the Central District of Sarpol-e Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 7 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Sarpol-e Zahab County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Koenigsegg
Koenigsegg Automotive AB () is a Swedish manufacturer of high-performance sports cars, based in Ängelholm, Skåne County, Sweden.
Company
The company was founded in 1994 in Sweden by Christian von Koenigsegg, with the intention of producing a "world-class" sports car. Many years of development and testing led to the CC8S, the company's first street-legal production car which was introduced in 2002.
In 2006, Koenigsegg began production of the CCX, which uses an engine created in-house especially for the car. The goal was to develop a car homologated for use worldwide, particularly the United States whose strict regulations didn't allow the import of earlier Koenigsegg models.
In March 2009, the CCXR was listed by Forbes as one of "the world's most beautiful cars".
In December 2010, the Agera won the BBC Top Gear Hypercar of the Year Award.
Apart from developing, manufacturing and selling the Koenigsegg line of sports cars, Koenigsegg is also involved in "green technology" development programmes beginning with the CCXR ("Flower Power") flex-fuel sports car and continuing through the present with the Jesko. Koenigsegg is also active in development programs of plug-in electric cars' systems and next-generation reciprocating engine technologies. Koenigsegg has also developed a camless piston engine which found its first application in the Regera, which was introduced in 2015.
Koenigsegg develops and produces most of the main systems, subsystems and components needed for their cars in-house instead of relying on subcontractors. Koenigsegg had 97 employees, with an engineering department of 25 engineers, led by the founder.
In January 2019, Koenigsegg sold a 20% stake in the company to a Chinese funded company, National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS), for .
History
Prototypes and production
The initial design of the CC was penned down by Christian von Koenigsegg. Industrial designer David Crafoord realised the sketches as a 1:5 scale model. This model was later scaled up in order to create the base plug for the initial Koenigsegg prototype that was finished in 1996. During the next years, the prototype went through extensive testing and several new prototypes were built. The prototypes initially used an Audi V8 engine but after the engine supply contract fell through, the next candidate was the Flat-12 race engine developed by Motori Moderni for the Scuderia Coloni Formula one team, in which this engine was raced under the Subaru badge in the 1990 season. These Subaru 1235 engines were purchased and modified for use in the CC, this deal failed when the founder of Motori Moderni died, sending the company into bankruptcy. Eventually Koenigsegg developed its own engine - based on the Ford Modular architecture. Later on Koenigsegg developed their own engines from scratch, including control systems and transmissions, which is very unusual for a small size Sportscar producer.
Factory history
Christian von Koenigsegg got the idea to build his own car after watching the Norwegian stop-motion animated movie Pinchcliffe Grand Prix in his youth. He took his first steps in the world of business in his early 20s running a trading company called Alpraaz in Stockholm, Sweden. Alpraaz exported food from Europe to the developing world. The success of this venture gave von Koenigsegg the necessary financial standing to launch his chosen career as a car manufacturer.
Initially, Koenigsegg Automotive was based in Olofström. In 1997, the company needed larger production facilities and moved to a farm, just outside Ängelholm. On 22 February 2003, one of the production facilities caught fire and was badly damaged. Koenigsegg then acquired an abandoned air field to use as his new factory building and in late 2003, one of the two large fighter-jet hangars and an office building were converted into a car factory. Since then, the company is located near the still-active Ängelholm airport, clients can arrive by private jet nearby. Koenigsegg controls and uses the former military runway for shakedown runs of production cars and high-speed testing.
The Koenigsegg badge was designed in 1994 by Jacob Låftman, based on the heraldic coat of arms of the Koenigsegg family. The shield has been the family's coat of arms since the 12th century when a family member was knighted by the Germany-based Holy Roman Empire.
Ghost Badge
After moving into the abandoned airfield, which once housed the Swedish air force's "Johan Röd" squadron, Koenigsegg adopted the "ghost symbol" that the squadron had on their planes, which were Saab AJS37 Viggens aircraft (the squad also used the English phrase "The show must go on" on their aircraft as well) as a tribute to the squadron. The badge is seen on models built in the factory that was converted from their hangar, including the CCX, Agera, Agera R, One:1, and Regera.
Attempted purchase of Saab
On 12 June 2009, the media reported that Koenigsegg Group, consisting of Koenigsegg Automotive AB, Christian von Koenigsegg, Bård Eker and a group of investors led by Mark Bishop had signed a letter of intent with Saab to take over the brand from General Motors. General Motors confirmed on June 16 that they had chosen Koenigsegg Group as the buyer of Saab Automobile. The deal, set to close 30 September 2009, included in financing from the European Investment Bank, guaranteed by the Swedish government. By comparison, in 2008 Koenigsegg with its staff of 45 produced 18 cars at an average price of ; Saab employed 3,400 workers and made more than 93,000 cars.
General Motors announced on 18 August that the deal had been signed, although certain financing details remained to be completed. On 9 September 2009, Koenigsegg announced that BAIC was going to join as a minority stakeholder in Koenigsegg.
In November 2009, Koenigsegg decided not to finalise the purchase of Saab and therefore, left the negotiations. The timing uncertainty of finalisation of the take over was the reason Koenigsegg stated for leaving the deal.
Models
A Koenigsegg CC prototype was first publicised in 1996, while the full carbon fibre production prototype having white paintwork was finally unveiled at the 2000 Paris Motor Show. The first customer took delivery of a red CC8S in 2002 at the Geneva Auto Show and four more cars were built that year. Koenigsegg was established in Asia later that year with a premiere at the Seoul Auto Show. In 2004, the new CCR, which was basically a high performance variant of the CC8S, was unveiled at the Geneva Auto Show; only 14 were produced.
In 2006, Koenigsegg introduced the CCX, a new model, that was created in order to meet worldwide regulations for road use. This meant the car had to go through extensive development in order to meet the latest and most stringent safety and emission standards that the world's authorities demanded; Koenigsegg had to, for example, develop their own engines and other related technologies. Furthermore, Koenigsegg is the only low-volume sports car manufacturer to pass the new European pedestrian impact tests. Just after Koenigsegg passed this test, the requirement was deemed too complicated for compliance by low-volume manufacturers, so it is now unnecessary to meet these regulations if the production volume of a given model is less than 10,000 cars annually.
In 2007, Koenigsegg premiered the CCXR, a biofuel/flex-fuel version of the CCX. The car features a modified engine, fuel system, and engine management system that enables the car to run on normal gasoline or ethanol, and in any mixture between these two fuels. Ethanol has a higher octane rating compared to regular fuel and has an internal cooling effect on the combustion chamber, which allows increased performance.
In 2009, Koenigsegg released information about a special edition car called the Trevita, of which three were planned to be made but only two were finished due to technical problems. The Trevita, which translates into English as "three whites", has a body made entirely of Koenigsegg's proprietary material consisting of diamond-coated carbon fibre. The Trevita is based on the CCXR, and therefore has a power output of when running on biofuel.
In 2010 Koenigsegg released information at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show about a new model called the Agera, which translates into English as "take action/act". The Agera features a Koenigsegg developed 5.0-litre V8 engine coupled with variable turbo geometry turbochargers having a power output of , mated to a newly developed 7-speed dual clutch transmission. The Agera's design follows a clear lineage from the previous Koenigsegg sports cars, but adds many special new features, such as a wider front track, new styling and aerodynamic features, and a new interior; including a new lighting technique called "Ghost Light" by the manufacturer which consists of microscopic holes to hide the interior lighting until it is turned on, which then shines through what appears to be solid aluminium. Production of the Agera ended in July 2018 after being in production for eight years when two of the three final edition cars were presented to their customers.
At the 2015 Geneva Motor Show, Koenigsegg presented a new model named the Regera, which translates into English as to "reign" or "rule". The Regera uses the Koenigsegg Direct Drive (KDD) transmission. Below , motive power is by two electric motors on the rear wheels and the internal combustion engine (ICE) is disconnected. Above , the ICE is connected by a fixed ratio transmission with no gearbox, torque vectoring by the previously mentioned electric motors and boosted by a third electric motor attached to the driveshaft.
Koenigsegg initially based its engine on a V8 engine block from Ford Racing. These engines powered the initial run of the CC monikered cars. The block for the V8 in the CCX (Competition Coupe Ten, to celebrate ten years of the company) was cast for Koenigsegg by Grainger & Worrall of the UK who also casted the block for the Agera's 5.0-litre engine
In late 2018, Koenigsegg showed potential customers in Australia the replacement of the Agera via VR. Teaser sketches were released by the company at the same time. Initially, the model was rumoured to be called "Ragnarok" but the public unveil of the car at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show revealed the name to be Jesko, after the founder's father Jesko Von Koenigsegg.
The Jesko uses a development of the 5.0-litre V8 engine used in the Agera which has a power output of on normal gasoline and has a power output of and of torque at 5,100 rpm on E85 biofuel. The engine is mated to a 9-speed multi-clutch transmission having seven clutches called the light speed gearbox by the manufacturer. The focus of this transmission is to have faster shift times. The car will come in either in a low drag or a high drag variant with the low drag variant capable of achieving claimed speeds up to .
List of models
Koenigsegg CC (1996) 1 prototype
Koenigsegg CC8S (2002–2004) 6 units (2 right hand drive) – 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) under 3.5 sec. Top speed 387 km/h (240 mph) (claimed)
Koenigsegg CCR (2004–2006) 14 units – 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) 3.2 sec. Top speed (claimed); (tested)
Koenigsegg CCX (2006–2010) 29 units – 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) 3.2 sec. Top speed (claimed)
Koenigsegg CCGT (2007) Only 1 unit developed for the sole purpose of competing in the FIA GT1
Koenigsegg CCXR (2007–10) 8 units – 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) 3.1 sec. Top speed (claimed)
Koenigsegg CCXR Special Edition (2007) 2 units
Koenigsegg CCX Edition (2008) 2 units
Koenigsegg CCXR Edition (2008) 4 units
Koenigsegg Trevita (2009–10) 3 units – 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) 2.9 sec Top speed (claimed)
Koenigsegg Quant (2009) Solar Concept
Koenigsegg Agera (2010–2013) 7 units – 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) 3.0 sec. Top speed (claimed)
Koenigsegg Agera R (2011–2014) 18 units – 0–100 km/h (62 mph) 2.8 sec, 0–200 km/h (124 mph) 7.8 sec. Top speed 430 km/h (267 mph) (claimed)
Koenigsegg Agera S (2012–2014) 5 units – 0–100 km/h (62 mph) 2.9 sec, 200 km/h (124 mph) 7.9 sec. Top speed 430 km/h (267 mph) (claimed)
Koenigsegg One:1 (2014) 6 units + 1 prototype – 0–400 km/h (248 mph) 20 sec. Top speed 440 km/h (274 mph) (claimed)
Koenigsegg Agera RS (2015–2018) 25 units, 3 Agera RSR for Japanese market included. Top speed (tested)
Koenigsegg Agera Final (2016–2018) 3 units
Koenigsegg Regera (2015–present) 80 units planned – 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) 2.8 sec. Top speed 410 km/h (255 mph) (claimed)
Koenigsegg Jesko (2019–present) 125 units planned. Top speed (claimed for low drag variant)
Records
On 28 February 2005, at 12:08 h local time, in Nardò, Italy, the CCR broke the Guinness World Record for the fastest production car in the world, having attained on the Nardò Ring (a circular track of circumference), breaking the record previously held by the McLaren F1.
It held the record until September 2005 when the Bugatti Veyron broke the record again by attaining a speed of , proven both by Car and Driver and Top Gear. Both of the records set by Bugatti and McLaren were set on Volkswagen's own test-track Ehra-Lessien, which features a straight.
The Koenigsegg CCXR held the power-to-weight ratio record for production cars at the time of its introduction, with a power-to-weight ratio of /hp. Later the Koenigsegg One:1 held this record, with a power-to-weight ratio of /hp.
In 2008 the German magazine sport auto conducted a test for production cars, with the CCX winning the event in a total time of .
In September 2011, the Agera R broke the Guinness World Record for 0–300 km/h with a time of just 14.53 seconds and a 0-300-0 km/h time of 21.19 seconds. Koenigsegg improved this record with the One:1 on 8 June 2015. It attained 0–300 km/h in 11.92 seconds and 0-300-0 km/h in 17.95 seconds (a 3.24 sec improvement over the 2011 Koenigsegg Agera R record), it also attained 0–322 km/h (0–200 mph) in 14.328 seconds and 0-322-0 km/h in 20.71 seconds.
On 1 October 2017, an Agera RS set an unofficial record for with a time of 36.44 seconds. The record was set at the Vandel Airfield in Denmark and broke the record of 42 seconds set by the Bugatti Chiron a few weeks prior.
On 4 November 2017, an Agera RS set a new record for the world's fastest production car with an average speed of . The record breaking run was done on a closed section of Nevada State Route 160 in Pahrump, Nevada, United States. On the same day they also beat their own 0–400–0 km/h record they set a few weeks prior (33.29 seconds compared to the old record of 36.44 seconds). It was later confirmed via the instrumentation that the car topped out at 457.94 km/h (284.55 mph)
Awards
Top Gear - Award 2010 - The Agera becomes BBCs Top Gear Hypercar of the Year
Red Dot - Award for excellent Design
National Swedish Design Prize - Utmärkt Svensk Form
Entrepreneur of the Year Nomination - Företagarna Sweden
Powercar - Superexotic import of the year 2007 and 2008 - Germany
Nürburgring - speed record
Top Gear - speed record
Nardo - speed record
sport auto - slalom record
sport auto - Hockenheimring speed record
sport auto - 0–200 km/h record
sport auto - 0–300 km/h record
sport auto - 0-300-0 km/h record
References
External links
Top Gear Award
Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1994
Category:Swedish brands
Category:Car manufacturers of Sweden
Category:Sports car manufacturers
Category:Car brands
Category:Luxury vehicles
Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Park Tower (Chicago)
Park Tower is a skyscraper located at 800 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. Completed in 2000 and standing at tall with 70 floors — 67 floors for practical use, it is the twelfth-tallest building in Chicago, the 43rd-tallest building in the United States, and the 83rd-tallest in the world by architectural detail. It is one of the world's tallest buildings to be clad with architectural precast concrete (the Transamerica Pyramid Building in San Francisco is taller). It is one of the tallest non-steel framed structures in the world—it is a cast-in-place concrete framed structure. This building was originally intended to be tall. But later, the ceiling heights were increased allowing it to reach .
The building occupies a footprint of . Because of the small footprint and the fact that it is a non-steel-framed concrete building, this is the first building in the US to be designed with a tuned mass damper from the outset. While other skyscrapers in America have anti-sway systems, they were always added later. A tuned mass damper counteracts wind effects on the structure. (The 300-ton damper is a massive steel pendulum hung from four cables inside a square cage.) Because of its massive weight, the damper has inertia that helps stabilize the building from swaying in the wind.
Designed by Chicago architectural firm Lucien Lagrange Architects, Park Tower is a mixed-use tower. As the name suggests, the lower portion holds a Park Hyatt Hotel while the upper levels contain luxury condominiums.
The building contains of hotel space (202 rooms), of residential space, of retail, and of parking. Levels 9, 19, and the crown are mechanical areas. Floors 2 to 22 are hotel spaces, Floors 23 to 55 are residential apartments and Floors 56 to 70 are private condominiums. With its location on the prestigious Magnificent Mile, Park Tower is also home to the acclaimed restaurant NoMi.
See also
List of buildings
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings in Chicago
List of tallest buildings in the United States
World's tallest structures
References
Phorio
External links
Park Hyatt Chicago
Lucien Lagrange Architects
Category:Residential skyscrapers in Chicago
Category:Condo hotels in the United States
Category:Residential condominiums in Chicago
Category:Residential buildings completed in 2000 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Planinica (Mionica)
Planinica is a village situated in Mionica municipality in Serbia.
References
Category:Populated places in Kolubara District | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Colydium glabriculum
Colydium glabriculum is a species of cylindrical bark beetle in the family Zopheridae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Category:Zopheridae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Beetles described in 1989 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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V. K. Prakash
V. K. Prakash (born 12 October 1960) is an Indian film director and actor. He makes films, music videos, and commercials, and works predominantly in Malayalam, but has also directed Telugu, Marathi, Kannada and Hindi films. Prakash's debut feature directorial was Punaradhivasam (2000) which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Kerala State Film Award for Best Debut Director. His film Nirnayakam (2015) won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues.
Early life
Born in a Malayali family in Mumbai, and currently based in Bangalore, he runs his own ad film production company called Trends Adfilm Makers Pvt Ltd. He studied in the School of Drama, Thrissur before commencing his career in the ad film industry.
Career
V. K. Prakash started as an advertisement film director and worked in the industry for several years. He directed his debut feature film with Punaradhivasam in 2000, a Malayalam drama which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam and Kerala State Film Award for Best Debut Director for him. In 2015, he directed the social drama Nirnayakam which won the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues.
Personal life
He is married to Sajitha. The couple have a daughter Kavya.
Filmography
Director
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Language
! Notes
|-
| 2000
| Punaradhivasam
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2003
|Mullavalliyum Thenmavum
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2003
| Freaky Chakra
| Hindi
|
|-
| 2005
| Police
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2006
| Moonnamathoral
| Malayalam
| First high-definition (HD) Malayalam film to be digitally distributed to theatres via satellite.
|-
| 2008
| Positive
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2009
| Phir Kabhi
| Hindi
| DTH premiere
|-
| 2009
| Kavya's Diary
| Telugu
|
|-
| 2009
| Gulumal: The Escape
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2010
| Aidondla Aidu
| Kannada
|
|-
| 2011
| Three Kings
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2011
| Beautiful
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2012
| Karmayogi
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2012
| Trivandrum Lodge
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2012
| Poppins
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2013
| Natholi Oru Cheriya Meenalla
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2013
| Thank You
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2013
| Silence
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2014
| Shutter
| Marathi
|
|-
| 2015
| Nirnnayakam
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2015
| Ishqedarriyaan
| Hindi
|
|-
| 2015
| Rock Star
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2016
| Marubhoomiyile Aana
| Malayalam
|
|-
| 2017
| Careful
| Malayalam
|
|-
|2019
|Praana
|Malayalam
|
|-
|2019
|Anandamargam
|Malayalam
|Pre production
|-
|2019
|King Solomon
|Malayalam
|Filming
|-
| TBA
| Mazhaneerthullikal
| Malayalam
| Delayed release
|-
|2020
|Oruththi
|Malayalam
|Filming
Actor
2019 : Lucifer
2019 : Mikhael
2018:Ente Mezhuthiri Athazhangal
2018 :B.Tech
2018 :Kuttanadan Marpappa
2018:Krishnam
2018:parole
2017:Sakhavu
2016: Kali
2015:Anarkali
2015:100 Days of Love
Awards
National Film Awards
2000: Best Feature Film in Malayalam – Punaradhivasam
2015: Best Film on Other Social Issues – Nirnayakam
Kerala State Film Awards
2000: Best Debut Director – Punaradhivasam
Frequent collaborators
VKP is noted for his particular association with certain actors or using the actors in more of his directorial ventures.
References
External links
Category:Malayalam film directors
Category:Living people
Category:Kannada film directors
Category:1960 births
Category:Film directors from Mumbai
Category:21st-century Indian film directors
Category:Indian advertising directors
Category:Directors who won the Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Pharsalia cameronhighlandica
Pharsalia cameronhighlandica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Masao Hayashi in 1975.
References
Category:Lamiini
Category:Beetles described in 1975 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Leander Ditscheiner
Leander Ditscheiner (4 January 1839 – 1 February 1905) was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, best known for his research on birefringence.
Life and work
Leander Ditscheiner was born 1839 in Vienna. He studied at the University of Vienna and later at the University of Heidelberg. He received his Ph.D. in 1857 and became lecturer at the Vienna University of Technology in 1866. In the later years he became assistant professor and full professor in 1883.
References
Category:1839 births
Category:1905 deaths
Category:Austrian physicists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Cortinarius atrolazulinus
Cortinarius atrolazulinus is a fungus native to New Zealand.
It is not closely related to the group of dark purple webcaps (subgenus Cortinarius) that contains Cortinarius carneipallidus and Cortinarius violaceus.
See also
List of Cortinarius species
References
External links
Category:Fungi described in 1987
atrolazulinus
Category:Fungi of New Zealand | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Duck Butter
Duck Butter is a 2018 American experimental comedy film directed by Miguel Arteta, from a screenplay by Arteta and Alia Shawkat. It stars Shawkat, Laia Costa, Mae Whitman, Hong Chau and Kate Berlant.
It had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 20, 2018. It was released on April 27, 2018, by The Orchard.
Premise
Naima (Alia Shawkat) and Sergio (Laia Costa) meet at a club and get to know each other by having sex every hour on the hour for 24 hours.
Cast
Alia Shawkat as Naima
Laia Costa as Sergio
Mae Whitman as Ellen
Hong Chau as Glow
Kate Berlant as Kathy
Lindsay Burdge as Kate
Kumail Nanjiani as Jake
Mark Duplass as Mark
Jay Duplass as Jay
Jenny O'Hara as Nathalie
Production
The initial draft of the film, written by Alia Shawkat and Miguel Arteta, initially focused on a couple over the course of a year-and-a-half, between a man and a woman, deciding to have sex every hour on the hour to find intimacy. Shawkat, who was cast in the lead role, met with actors, who were uncomfortable with the idea. The two initially cast Laia Costa, who only agreed to portray a supporting role in the film if she could remain on set during the entire 24-hour shoot. Arteta and Shawkat decided to re-write the role for a woman.
In September 2016, it was announced Shawkat and Costa had been cast in the film, with Arteta directing from a screenplay by him and Shawkat. Mark Duplass and Jay Duplass will serve as producers under their Duplass Brothers Productions banner.
Principal photography began in September 2016, over the course of nine days, with majority of the film being shot over the course of 24 hours.
Release
The Orchard and Netflix will distribute the film. It had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 20, 2018. It was released on April 27, 2018.
Critical reception
Duck Butter received mixed reviews from film critics. It holds a 52% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 27 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Duck Butter has a pair of compelling leads and a refreshing female-driven perspective, but its story is ultimately too thin to support a feature-length production." On Metacritic, the film holds a rating of 60 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Katie Rife of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+, panning it for not giving Costa's character depth and calling the film "clever without being all that hilarious, and personal without being all that revealing".
Accolades
References
External links
Category:2018 films
Category:American films
Category:American comedy films
Category:American independent films
Category:2010s LGBT-related films
Category:American LGBT-related films
Category:LGBT-related comedy films
Category:Duplass Brothers Productions films
Category:The Orchard films
Category:Films directed by Miguel Arteta | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1981 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 1981 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 49th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 13 and 14 June 1981. It was also the eighth round of the 1981 World Endurance Championship of Drivers and the fifth round of the 1981 World Endurance Championship of Makes.
Pre-race
The circuit had been widened at the approach to the Esses, adding grass runoff after the Dunlop Curve.
Porsche had a new program for the future Group C regulations in 1982, and had persuaded Jacky Ickx out of retirement. The main reason for entering Le Mans was to test a new engine for the upcoming new car. This 2.6L engine was derived from an Indianapolis 500 engine which never raced. The new engines were fitted in a pair of 936 chassis. Ickx shared one of the updated 936s with Derek Bell; Jochen Mass, Vern Schuppan and Hurley Haywood drove the other.
Shortly after going into semi-retirement, NASCAR legend Cale Yarborough made his only start. This made Yarborough one of the few drivers in history to participate in the Daytona 500, Indianapolis 500, and 24 Hours of Le Mans.
Race
The race was run in very hot weather, but the engine test was successful: after the first hour, Ickx and Bell had built a large advance and remained at lead for the rest of the race. They won by an even greater margin than in 1976- 14 laps. Ickx had won Le Mans for the 5th time- surpassing a record set by fellow Belgian Olivier Gendebien in 1962.
The race was marred by the deaths of a driver and a marshal during the race in separate incidents, and also several marshals were injured in these incidents. 40-year old Jean-Louis Lafosse violently crashed his Rondeau in the early stages on the Mulsanne Straight while following the Lola T600 of de Villota/Edwards/Fernández and was killed instantly. No cause has ever been determined although a piece of debris is seen flying away from the car just before the Rondeau suddenly steers to the right, along with pre-crash photographs showing evidence of damage from an off-track excursion, suggesting suspension failure as a possible cause. Two marshals were seriously injured in Lafosse's fatal accident. Thierry Boutsen, who would go on to drive and win in Formula One, had earlier escaped a large accident in the second hour, destroying his WM-Peugeot but without causing injury to himself; race marshal Thierry Mabillat was killed in the accident after he was struck by a piece of the broken guard rail; and 2 of his colleagues, Claude Hertault and Serge David, were seriously injured but survived; the latter lost an arm.
Official results
Statistics
Pole Position - #11 Porsche System (Jacky Ickx) - 3:29.44
Fastest Lap - #12 Porsche System (Hurley Haywood) - 3:34.00
Distance - 4825.348 km
Average Speed - 201.056 km/h
Trophy Winners
Index of Thermal Efficiency - #31 Jean-Philippe Grand
Category:24 Hours of Le Mans races
Le Mans
Category:1981 in French motorsport | {
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Ghoksadanga railway station
Ghoksadanga railway station is a railway station on the Barauni-Guwahati Line of Northeast Frontier Railway. It serves Ghoksadanga town in Cooch Behar district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Its station code is GDX. The station consists of two platforms and four tracks with one FOB.
Trains
A number of trains connect to Ghoksadanga railway station. Live status of arrivals and departures on this station can be checked on Indian Railways website.
References
External links
Ghoksadanga station on OpenStreetMap
Ghoksadanga in pictures - Official website of Indian Railways
Category:Railway stations in Cooch Behar district
Category:Alipurduar railway division | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
James Renton
Major General James Malcolm Leslie Renton CB DSO OBE (1898–1972) was a senior British Army officer who briefly commanded the 7th Armoured Division ("The Desert Rats") during the Second World War.
Military career
Renton was commissioned into the Rifle Brigade in 1916 and served in World War I. He was appointed Deputy Assistant Adjutant General for the Iraq Levies in 1922. He also served in World War II as Commander of 2nd Bn the Rifle Brigade from 1940 (leading it and losing an arm at the Battle of Sidi Saleh in 1941) and as Commander of the Support Group of 7th Motor Brigade from 1942 (leading it at the Battle of Gazala). He was appointed General Officer Commanding 7th Armoured Division later that year. He went on to serve at the Senior Officers' School from 1943 before becoming Head of the British Military Mission and Inspector General of the Iraqi Army in 1944 and retiring in 1948.
References
Category:1898 births
Category:1972 deaths
Category:British Army generals of World War II
Category:Rifle Brigade officers
Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath
Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ettrain Formation
The Ettrain Formation is a geologic formation in Yukon. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Yukon
References
Category:Carboniferous Yukon | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ross Lupton
Ross David Lupton (born 6 January 1975) is a former Australian cricketer. Lupton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Warwick, Queensland.
Lupton made a single List A match for Herefordshire against the Sussex Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2000 NatWest Trophy. In his only List A match, he scored 24 runs and with the ball he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 16.50, with best figures of 2/33.
References
External links
Ross Lupton at Cricinfo
Ross Lupton at CricketArchive
Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Warwick, Queensland
Category:Australian cricketers
Category:Herefordshire cricketers
Category:Cricketers from Queensland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Organic cotton
Organic cotton is generally defined as cotton that is grown organically in subtropical countries such as India, Turkey, China, and parts of the USA from non-genetically modified plants, and without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers or pesticides aside from the ones allowed by the certified organic labeling. Its production is supposed to promote and enhance biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, cotton plantations must also meet the requirements enforced by the National Organic Program (NOP) from the USDA in order to be considered organic. This institution determines the allowed practices for pest control, growing, fertilizing, and handling of organic crops.
, 265,517 bales of organic cotton were produced in 24 countries and worldwide production was growing at a rate of more than 50% per year. In the 2016/2017 season, annual global production reached 3.2 million metric tonnes.
Ecological footprint
Cotton covers 2.5% of the world's cultivated land but uses 10-16% of the world's pesticides (including herbicides, insecticides, and defoliants), more than any other single major crop. Environmental consequences of the elevated use of chemicals in the non-organic cotton growing methods include the following:
Chemicals used in the processing of cotton pollute the air and surface waters.
Decreased biodiversity and shifting equilibrium of ecosystems due to the use of pesticides.
Organic certification
In the USA, it is required by the law that any producer wanting to label and sell a product as "organic" must meet the standards established by the Organic Food Production Act of 1990, enforced by The State organic program (SOP) This act specifies the procedures and regulations for production and handling of organic crops. A list of approved organic chemicals is available. .
The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) is the worldwide leading textile processing standard for organic fibres, including ecological and social criteria.
Organic system control
Producers must elaborate an organic production or handling system plan which must also be approved by the state certifying agency or the USDA. This plan must include careful explanation of every process held in the plantation, as well as the frequency with which they are performed. A list of substances used on the crops is also necessary, along with a description of their composition, place where they will be used, and if possible documentation of commercial availability. This inventory of substances is important for the regulation of allowed and prohibited material established by the SOP. Organic cotton growers must also provide a description of the control procedures and physical barriers established to prevent contact of organic and non organic crops on split operations and to avoid contact of organic production with prohibited substance during gestation, harvesting, and handling operations . This production plan can also be transferred to other states as long as it has already been approved by a certifying agency.
Handling
Handling procedures are all the processes related to product packaging, pest control in handling processing facilities among others. The SOP allows the use of mechanical or biological methods for the purpose of retarding spoilage of products, but at the same time it prohibits the use of volatile synthetic solvents in processed products or any ingredient that is labeled as organic.
Pesticides
If certified by the USDA, organic cotton is grown without the use of synthetic pesticides and contains no synthetic pesticides. Pesticides used in the production of conventional cotton include orthophosphates such as phorate and methamidophos, endosulfan (highly toxic to farmers) and aldicarb. Other pesticides persisting in cotton fields in the United States include Trifluralin, Toxaphene and DDT. Although the last two chemicals are no longer used in the United States their long breakdown period and difficulty in removal ensures their persistence. Fields converted from conventional use to organic cotton must be tested to assure no residual pesticide with a transition period of 2–3 years in this process. Instead, organic production allows the use of natural insect repellents extracted from plants or otherwise benign sources. In some cases, companies have taken to testing for pesticide residual of fiber or fabric themselves to assure cheating does not occur on the part of the farmers or farm coops.
Over time though, studies have been done to find alternatives to conventional pesticide substances. These organic farmers have found ways to create organic cotton to nearly the yields of conventional farmers . Some farmers in the US use composted tea leaves to act as a substitute for pesticides. Research continues to seek new environmentally friendly ways to rid the soil of harmful pesticides. There has even been a study on using certain animal manure, like chickens, to decrease pest population.
Expanding industry
Diverse institutions and campaigns are now educating the community about organic cotton and supporting growers on the switch to organic farming. The Sustainable Cotton Project is helping farmers in the transition from chemically dependent crops to more biological sound approaches. This institution has launched the Cleaner Cotton project, which promises to produce cotton with 73% less use of chemicals.
In 2003, SCP joined the Community Alliance with Family Farmers (CAFF) to strengthen its operations and reach other farm and consumer audiences. CAFF and SCP provide growers with information about biological farming techniques and educate the public about the importance of reducing chemical use in fiber and food production and supporting local farmers.
Regional
Organic cotton is currently being grown successfully in many countries; the largest producers (as of 2018) are India (51%), China (19%), Turkey (7%) and Kyrgyzstan (7%).
Organic cotton production in Africa takes place in at least 8 countries. The earliest producer (1990) was the SEKEM organization in Egypt; the farmers involved later convinced the Egyptian government to convert 400,000 hectares of conventional cotton production to integrated methods, achieving a 90% reduction in the use of synthetic pesticides in Egypt and a 30% increase in yields.
Various companies including Fazzoni, Nike, Walmart, and C&A include or have switched to organic cotton. As of 2011, China, the U.S., India, Pakistan, Brazil, Turkey, Greece, Australia, Syria, Mali, and Egypt are all producing organic cotton. With this rise in demand from 2007 to 2011 more and more countries are making the switch.
See also
Fair trade
Sustainable clothing
Sustainable fashion
Organic clothing
References
External links
Category:Cotton
Category:Organic farming
Category:Clothing and the environment | {
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Erwin Township, Michigan
Erwin Township is a civil township of Gogebic County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 326 at the 2010 census, down from 357 at the 2000 census.
The township is just south of Ironwood. The Montreal River is the western boundary, with Wisconsin on the other side and to the south. Bessemer Township is on the east and north.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (1.97%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 357 people, 146 households, and 104 families residing in the township. The population density was 7.6 per square mile (2.9/km²). There were 216 housing units at an average density of 4.6 per square mile (1.8/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 99.16% White, 0.28% African American, and 0.56% from two or more races.
There were 146 households out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.3% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.1% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the township the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 30.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 121.3 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $31,071, and the median income for a family was $40,313. Males had a median income of $30,250 versus $22,132 for females. The per capita income for the township was $14,014. About 6.6% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.
Transportation
CR 505 (Van Buskirk Road) begins at the Ironwood city limits and runs through the township to terminate at CTH-C on the Wisconsin state line in Oma, Wisconsin.
References
Category:Townships in Gogebic County, Michigan
Category:Townships in Michigan
Category:1907 establishments in Michigan
Category:Populated places established in 1907 | {
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Batrachedra filicicola
Batrachedra filicicola is a species of moth in the family Batrachedridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
Taxonomy
This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1917 using material collected by George Hudson at Karori on tree-ferns in November. George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 book The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. The lectotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London.
Description
Meyrick described this species as follows:
Distribution
B. filicicola is endemic to New Zealand. It has been collected in Wellington and in the Hawkes Bay.
Biology and behaviour
This species is on the wing in November and December. This species is attracted to light. It has been collected in sunshine by sweeping the fonds of its host the silver fern (Cyathea dealbata). It is a fast runner and makes short, rapid flights.
Host species
The larva of this moth feed on the spores of Cyathea dealbata.
References
External links
Image of lectotype
Category:Batrachedridae
Category:Moths of New Zealand
Category:Moths described in 1917
Category:Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick | {
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Metropolis Asia
"Metropolis": Urban Winter Festival is an annual arts, craft and music festival held in the month of January in Guwahati. It is a 3 day long festival. Metropolis is a collaboration of creative talents from all across India and also from other parts of the world. Founded in the year 2011 by the renowned artist Ranjan Engti, the festival recognizes and showcases the works of creative people in the field of music, arts, photography, craft, literature, film making, gaming, fashion etc.
Overview
The festival is a tribute to the Metropolis Guwahati that has inspired many young brigades to take their visions forward and also gave them the courage to live their dreams. Contemporary cities have only two choices, either they develop to keep pace with the changing global scenario or they resist the idea of transformation and thus stagnate. Guwahati being a hub to many different cultures, communities, races and lifestyles, it is also the melting pot of opportunities, visions and dreams of all kinds.
Festive spirits greatly influence on people’s perception of a city. Festivals boost the process of assimilation, and hence contribute towards rebirth of non-mainstream urban identity creating a melting pot of various subcultures. There are those who love art, culture, craft, film, music by David Debashish Koch and Shaun Klet, adventure and ethnicity, and there are those who embody it, are driven by it and who lives by the rules of all these. Metropolis is for them. Within a short span of time, Metropolis has become the most common acronym, notifying the festive spirit of the city with the overwhelming participation of people in all its annual editions. It is popularly known as one of the happiest and largest urban winter festival in the north eastern region.
This is eventually the first step towards social responsibility for Metropolis Guwahati. Metropolis is Guwahati’s answer to the National and International urban Festivals and the region's showcase of its best creative talents. Artists including musicians, photographers, painters, filmmakers, craftsmen, folk artists, cyclists, bullet riders, ethnic cuisines, tour promoters and many more all "come together" under one roof to create the urban history of Guwahati.
Metropolis has witnessed the participation of artistes not just from different parts of the nation but also beyond with artistes coming from countries like Belgium, Russia and France. Such international participation has truly enriched the festival’s credentials and provided a much needed platform for inter-nation exchange of culture.
The 5th edition of Metropolis witnessed the participation of the beautiful Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan as the "Focus Country", thereby showcasing its rich socio-cultural heritage to the people of Guwahati.
Editions
Metropolis 2018
Against the backdrop of the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015, the signatory nations, for the purpose of achieving the goal of reducing carbon emissions, are to individually determine their contributions that they intend to make (Intended Nationally Determined Contributions).
As such India too have embarked on an ambitious plan which is aimed at achieving the targets set at such a global platform. Starting from the effectiveness of the highest policies at the national level right down to the actions and attitudes of an individual shall be vital towards ensuring a better future for our progeny.
The 2018 edition of Metropolis Asia, ought to be held in Meghalaya, hereby envisages to highlight such a global concern daunting our planet. The festival strives to deliver a global
concern through creative awareness. Metropolis Asia shall strive to realize the following major goals (but not limited to) in its upcoming edition:
Sustained focus on spreading awareness on environmental conservation and climate change related issues.
Adoption of Greener Strategies in the production process of the festival.
Attempt to bring attitudinal changes in Man by way of engaging them in Greener initiatives.
Create hype for the concept of Sustainability in a specifically designed and controlled environment of the festival.
Sponsors and Past Associates
Metropolis have had the privilege of associating with renowned brands of both national and international repute, which include, amongst many, OIL, ONGC, NRL, Vodafone SuperNet 4G, Red Bull, Pepsi MTV Indies, Spicejet, Airtel, Idea, SBI, LIC, Sony, Panasonic, Mahindra.
Metropolis have also received support from various departments of the Government of Assam:-
Dept. of Tourism, Govt. of Assam, Assam State Disaster Management Authority, Guwahati Municipal Corporation, Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority, District Disaster Management Authority, Kamrup Metro, Sports & Youth Welfare Department, Govt. of Assam, to name a few, have extended their support to Metropolis through the course of time.
References
Category:Festivals in Assam | {
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Keith Tyson
Keith Tyson (born Keith Thomas Bower, 23 August 1969) is an English artist. In 2002, he was the winner of the Turner Prize. His work is concerned with an interest in generative systems, and an embrace of the complexity and interconnectedness of existence. Tyson works in a wide range of media, including painting, drawing and installation.
Early life
Bower moved to Dalton-in-Furness when he was four, adopting his stepfather's surname Tyson. He showed an interest in and talent for art at an early age, having been inspired by his "very creative and enthusiastic" primary school art teacher. However he left school at the age of 15 without qualifications, and took employment as a fitter and turner with VSEL (Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd., now BAE Systems) in Barrow-in-Furness.
In 1989, he began an art foundation course at the Carlisle College of Art, and the following year he moved south to take up a place on experimental Alternative Practice degree at The Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Brighton (1990–93).
Career
During the 1990s, Tyson’s practice was dominated by the Artmachine, which was the first means through which Tyson explored his ongoing interest in randomness, causality, and the question of how things come into being. The Artmachine was a method Tyson developed which used a combination of computer programmes, flow charts and books in order to generate chance combinations of words and ideas, which were then realised in practice as artworks in a wide range of media.
The results of the Artmachine became the basis of Tyson’s earliest exhibited artworks; The Artmachine Iterations, as these works became known, established Tyson’s reputation in the UK and internationally as an original artist and thinker, and by 1999 he had mounted solo exhibitions in London, New York, Paris and Zürich, as well as contributed to group shows throughout Europe, North America and Australia.
From 1999, Tyson’s interests practice turned from the Artmachine towards an artistic approach which explored the same thematic terrain, but this time directly by his own hand. The first such body of work was entitled Drawing and Thinking. Many of these works were installed in the international exhibition in the 2001 Venice Biennale
In 2002, Tyson mounted Supercollider at South London Gallery and then the Kunsthalle Zürich in Switzerland. The name of the exhibition, derived from the popular name for the CERN particle accelerator in Geneva, indicated the significance of scientific ways of seeing and thinking about the world to Tyson’s art at this time.
In December 2002, Tyson was awarded the British visual arts award, the Turner Prize. The other shortlisted artists that year were Fiona Banner, Liam Gillick and Catherine Yass. The Turner Prize was notorious that year not so much for the controversial nature of the work of the shortlisted artists as in previous years, but because of the comments of then Culture Minister Kim Howells. His comments that the Turner Prize exhibition at Tate Britain consisted of "cold, mechanical, conceptual bullshit" were greeted with both approval and criticism in the media.
In 2005, The following year, Tyson first exhibited his most monumental and ambitious work to date, Large Field Array, in the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in Denmark, which then travelled to the De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art in the Netherlands and The Pace Gallery in New York. In 2009 Tyson's work was shown at the Hayward Gallery as part of the group exhibition "Walking in My Mind".
Artworks
The Artmachine Iterations
Only a fraction of the instructions issued from the Artmachine were realised as artworks (the Artmachine generated around 12,000 proposals which are still unmade), but many of the playful and inventive mixed media works that were created include a twenty-four foot painting made from bathroom sealant, and a painting using toothpaste and music CDs.
Large Field Array
Described by Walter Robinson as "nothing less than a complete Pop cosmology", Large Field Array comprises 300 modular units, most formed from into implied 2-foot cubes; the cubes are arranged into a grid occupying both the floor and walls of a gallery when installed. Each highly crafted cubic sculpture represents a unique yet highly recognizable feature of the world, from popular culture to natural history. Sculptures as diverse as a representation of American billionaire Donald Trump’s wedding cake, a chimney with a bird on top of it with a satellite dish, and a chair made of skeletons, were all constructed and arranged. The installation invited the viewer/participant to negotiate his or her own path through a seemingly random assortment of images and ideas, echoing the mental processes which create free associations between disparate phenomena which so fascinate Tyson.
The Nature Paintings (2005–2008)
A mixture of paints, pigments and chemicals are allowed to interact in specific ways upon an acid primed aluminium panel. The combined processes of gravity, chemical reaction, temperature, hydrophobia and evaporation simultaneously conspire to create surfaces reminiscent of a wide range of natural forms and landscapes. In this respect, the paintings seem to be depict nature, but they are also created by nature as well.
Studio Wall Drawings (1997–present)
Collectively these works on paper represent Tyson’s sketchbook or journal. Each ‘Wall Drawing’ is made on a sheet of paper measuring 158 cm x 126 cm, the same dimensions as a small wall in Tyson’s original studio where he used to draw-up notes. Over the years these sheets have recorded his ideas, emotional tone and mood, visits people made to the studio, world events and even economic fluctuations. They are often exhibited in large non-chronological grids to form solid walls of diverse images, and text.
Representing galleries
Galerie Vallois, Paris
Pace Gallery, New York
References
Further reading
Solo and group exhibition catalogues
Cloud Choreography and Other Emergent Systems, Parasol Unit foundation for contemporary art, London, 2009
Martian Museum of Terrestrial Art, Barbican Art Gallery, London, 2008
Keith Tyson, Studio Wall Drawings 1997–2007, Haunch of Venison, London, 2007
Keith Tyson, Large Field Array, Louisiana Museum, Denmark, 2006
How to Improve the World: 60 Years of British Art, Hayward Gallery, London, 2006
Keith Tyson, Geno Pheno, PaceWildenstein, New York/Haunch of Venison, London, 2005
Keith Tyson, History Paintings, 2005
Dionysiac, Centre Pompidou, Paris, 2005
Head to Hand, Drawings by Keith Tyson, Thea Westreich & Ethan Wagner, New York, 2002
Keith Tyson, Kunsthalle Zürich, Switzerland, 2002
Supercollider, South London Gallery, London, 2002
Turner Prize Exhibition, Tate Britain, London, 2002
Public Affairs, Kunsthaus Zürich, Switzerland, 2002
Century City: Art and Culture in the Modern Metropolis, Tate Modern, London, 2000
Over the Edges, SMAK-Stedelijk Museum voor Actuele Kunst, Gent, 2000
Dream Machines, Hayward Gallery, London, 2000
Secondary works
Mark Rappolt, 'Life, the Universe and Everything', Art Review, February 2007
Rachel Withers, ‘Keith Tyson’, Artforum, March 2005
Marcus Verhagen, 'Keith Tyson', Art Monthly, December 2004 - January 2005
Michael Archer, 'Primordial Soups', Parkett 71, 2004
Ethan Wagner and Keith Tyson, 'A Conversation', Parkett 71, 2004
Hans Rudolph Reust, 'Fabulous Art', Parkett 71, 2004
Tony Barrell, ‘Rising to the Equation’, Sunday Times Magazine, 30 November 2003
Virginia Button, The Turner Prize: Twenty Years, Tate Publishing, 2003
Matthew Collings, Art Crazy Nation: The Post Blimey Art World, 21 Publishing Ltd, 2001
Louisa Buck, Moving Targets 2, A Users Guide to British Art Now, Tate Publishing, London, 2000
External links
Keith Tyson lecture at the Tate
Keith Tyson at The Pace Gallery
Keith Tyson at Galerie Vallois Paris
Keith Tyson at ARNDT Berlin
Keith Tyson interview
Keith Tyson at Tullie House
Category:1969 births
Category:Living people
Category:English contemporary artists
Category:English installation artists
Category:Turner Prize winners
Category:Alumni of the University of Cumbria
Category:Alumni of the University of Brighton
Category:People from Ulverston | {
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2001 Tri Nations Series
The 2001 Tri Nations Series was contested from 21 July to 1 September between the Australia, New Zealand and South Africa national rugby union teams. The Wallabies won another thrilling game at Stadium Australia in Sydney with number eight Toutai Kefu scoring a try at the death in captain John Eales' final test match, to successfully defend the Tri Nations trophy.
Australia made it 4 wins in a row in the Bledisloe Cup, having taken it from New Zealand in 1998.
Table
Results
External links
Tri Nations at Rugby.com.au
Tri Nations
Category:The Rugby Championship
Tri
Tri
Tri Nations | {
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List of Pearls Before Swine books
This is a list of collections and treasuries of the popular comic strip Pearls Before Swine by Stephan Pastis.
Collections
Treasuries
Treasuries contain two books in one binding with Sunday strips in color, plus insight from Stephan Pastis.
Gift books
AMP! books
Pearls Before Swine | {
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Bruen
Bruen is a surname. People with this surname include:
Jack Bruen (1949-1997), American basketball coach
Francis Bruen (died 1867), Member of the UK Parliament for Carlow Borough 1835–1837, 1839
Henry Bruen:
Henry Bruen (1741–1795), Irish politician, Member of the Parliament of Ireland for Jamestown 1783–1790 and Carlow County 1790–1795
Colonel Henry Bruen (1789–1852), Irish politician, Member of the UK Parliament for County Carlow 1812–1831, 1835–1837, 1840–1852
his son Henry Bruen (1828–1912), MP for County Carlow 1857–1880
Ken Bruen (born 1951), Irish writer
See also
Bruen Stapleford, a civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire West, in England
USS Sarah Bruen (1862), a wooden schooner acquired by the United States Navy during the beginning of the American Civil War | {
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Ericson Core
Ericson Core is an American film director and cinematographer, best known for directing the 2006 sports film Invincible and the 2015 film Point Break. He has been director of photography on several films including Payback, The Fast and the Furious, and Daredevil.
Early life and education
Core attended the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California, at age 16, and he then attended USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles to get a B.A. degree in film production and directing studies. He received a Master of Fine Arts degree in directing and cinematography, also from the Art Center College of Design.
Career
Core started his career as a music video director and then as a cinematographer for films like Payback, The Fast and the Furious, and Daredevil.
Directing
Core made his directorial debut with a true-story based sports film Invincible, on which he also remained the director of photography. The film, starring Mark Wahlberg, released on August 25, 2006 by Walt Disney Pictures.
In 2015, Core directed the action-thriller film Point Break, a remake of the 1991 film of the same name, based on a script by Kurt Wimmer. The film starred Édgar Ramírez and Luke Bracey, and it released in the United States on December 25, 2015 by Warner Bros. Pictures.
Filmography
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:American film directors
Category:American cinematographers
Category:American music video directors
Category:Art Center College of Design alumni
Category:USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
Category:Action film directors | {
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Obvinsk
Obvinsk () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Obvinskoye Rural Settlement, Karagaysky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 583 as of 2010. There are 21 streets.
References
Category:Rural localities in Perm Krai | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Malka Madusanka
Malka Madusanka (born 19 October 1995) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Sri Lanka Army Sports Club in the 2017–18 Premier League Tournament on 15 December 2017.
References
External links
Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sri Lankan cricketers
Category:Sri Lanka Army Sports Club cricketers
Category:Place of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Brown diving beetle
The brown diving beetle (Agabus brunneus) is a species of water beetle in the family Dytiscidae.
Description
Adult beetles are in length.
Distribution
The species lives in streams, mainly in Portreath (Portreath Stream), New Forest, and Dorset (in River Frome).
References
B
Category:Beetles of Europe
Category:Beetles described in 1768 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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List of University of Alberta buildings
List of buildings on the main campus of the University of Alberta.
References
Johns, Walter H. A History of the University of Alberta: 1908-1969. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1981.
Category:University of Alberta buildings | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ulster University
Ulster University (, Ulster Scots: or ), legally the University of Ulster, is a multi-campus public university located in Northern Ireland. It is often referred to informally and unofficially as Ulster, or by the abbreviation UU. It is the largest university in Northern Ireland and the second-largest university on the island of Ireland, after the federal National University of Ireland.
Established in 1968 as the New University of Ulster, it merged with Ulster Polytechnic in 1984, incorporating its four Northern Irish campuses under the University of Ulster banner. The university incorporated its four campuses in 1984; located in Belfast, Coleraine, Magee College in Derry, and Jordanstown. The university has branch campuses in both London and Birmingham, and an extensive distance learning provision. The university rebranded as Ulster University from October 2014 and this included a revised visual identity.
It has one of the highest further study and employment rates in the UK, with over 92% of graduates being in work or further study six months after graduation. The university is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, Universities Ireland and Universities UK.
History
The New University of Ulster (NUU) incorporated Magee College founded in 1865 in Derry. Magee College was a college of the Royal University of Ireland from 1880 and later became associated with the University of Dublin (better known as Trinity College) when the Royal University was dissolved in 1908 and replaced by the National University of Ireland. In 1953 Magee College broke its links with Dublin and became Magee University College. NUU was instigated as part of Her Majesty's Government's expansion of higher education in the 1960s. In 1963, the Robbins Committee recommended a substantial expansion of higher education in Great Britain, partly triggered by the Anderson Report of 1960, which increased consumer demand by instigating a grants scheme. In the same year, a committee of eight chaired by Sir John Lockwood, Master of Birkbeck College, London, was appointed to review facilities for university and higher technical education in Northern Ireland. It adopted the aims and principles of Robbins, but aimed to take account of the different economic, social and educational structure of Northern Ireland.
It was hoped by groups led by the University for Londonderry Committee that Magee would become Northern Ireland's second university after The Queen's University of Belfast. However, this did not happen and instead it was subsumed into the New University, primarily as a result of the unwillingness of the Unionist government at Stormont to have the second university sited in overwhelmingly nationalist Derry, in which "The Troubles" were just beginning to break out. The decision caused an outcry at the time.
However, in a history of the University of Ulster it is pointed out that the submission of Magee University College to the Lockwood Committee was far from satisfactory. Its claims to preferment were historically based, and the Committee felt that those claims could become a source of embarrassment, perhaps undermining the credibility of a future new university with a diverse intake. The Magee submission failed to take sufficient account of the 'locations' criteria of the University Grant Committee; its proposals for student accommodation consisted of a "mishmash of private lodgings and hostels", whereas the Coleraine Promotion Committee referred directly to the given criteria, and stated its arguments on a targeted point-by-point basis. Magee University College itself failed to impress members of the Lockwood Committee during their visit. It manifested an administrative structure that was "eccentric, unique …, and barely workable" (ibid.). The atmosphere was one of "complacency", "lack of dynamism" and it failed to articulate "any clear ideas about how the College should develop or what shape any future university in Londonderry should take". The Committee noted Magee's "cramped physical situation" and "circumscribed mental outlook", and turned instead to the Coleraine proposal. It did not even deem Magee worthy of being included as a constituent college in the proposed new institution, though subsequently a role was found for it.
Following a review of higher education in Northern Ireland under the chairmanship of Sir Henry Chilver in 1982 the direct-rule government decided to merge NUU with the Ulster Polytechnic to form the University of Ulster (dropping "New" from the name.) The merger took effect on 1 October 1984. Whilst the university was established in 1968 it can trace its roots back to 1845 when Magee College was endowed in Derry, and 1849, when the School of Art and Design was inaugurated in Belfast.
Campus One, the Virtual Campus of the university, was launched on 8 October 2001 which successfully facilitated the provision on undergraduate and postgraduate level courses via distance learning. The university now simply refers to this as distance learning.
The university formerly had a laboratory named 'The University of Ulster Freshwater Laboratory' at Traad Point on the shore of Lough Neagh in Ballymaguigan. The Freshwater Laboratory, although not a campus, was a site of the university and consisted of on-campus accommodation, classrooms and testing labs. Courses offered were in agriculture, the wildlife of Lough Neagh, water testing and other aquatic courses. The site is now owned by Magherafelt District Council. By 2010, the area had become popular with the locals for camping, fishing and sailing.
In autumn 2011 Vice-Chancellor Barnett announced a programme of financial restructuring with the aim of reducing the number of staff employed by the University from 3,150 to 3,000. Staff at the University expressed concern about the proposed means and impact of the restructuring, citing "the use of the threat of compulsory redundancy to bully and intimidate staff" and the belief that the University was "abdicating its responsibilities to the wider community that funds it".
In April 2012, the Ulster University branch of the University and College Union (UCU) declared a formal dispute with university management over its implementation of the restructuring, stating that the recourse to "premature deadlines and unwarranted threats of compulsory redundancy" was "unreasonable as well as contrary to University policy and corporate goals".
The reasons for cuts are not, however, unique to Ulster University. First of all, there was the Great Recession that began in 2008 and engendered a change in government and a sharp reduction in public spending. Secondly, there were issues pertaining to tuition fees. As a result of political devolution in the United Kingdom (mandated from 1998 onwards), fees differ in the four countries that make up the union. For undergraduate tuition they are currently £9,250 in England but only £4,030 in Northern Ireland. For a while, the low fees in Northern Ireland were hailed as a triumph for devolution and seemed a tool to facilitate access for less advantaged students. Universities in Northern Ireland fared reasonably well financially. However, as Pritchard and Slowey point out, if the government does not make up the shortfall, low fees left Northern Ireland universities at a disadvantage compared to their English counterparts. In 2015, the government reduced the funding allocation for Higher Education Institutions by 8.2%. Both Northern Ireland universities had to make cuts. Queen's University announced immediate job cuts of 236 and student number reductions of ca. 290 (1,010 over the next three years). Ulster also announced its intention of cutting over 200 jobs and 250 student places in 2015/16 (1,200 over the following three years).
Campuses
Ulster University is Northern Ireland's regional university with four campuses situated in Northern Ireland in Belfast, Coleraine, Derry (Magee College) and Jordanstown. Additionally, two further branch campuses in both London and Birmingham in England deliver courses.
An online distance learning provision also offers Ulster University courses globally. The University was among the first Universities to offer degree level programs through its previous "Campus One" program and was a pioneer in the introduction of online degree level courses in Biomedical Sciences. The university was subsequently selected by the European Commission to deliver the world's first Higher Educational Programme in Hydrogen Safety Engineering.
Belfast
The Belfast campus is situated in the artistic and cultural centre of the city; the Cathedral Quarter. Although traditionally associated with Art and home to the university's School of Art, originally inaugurated as the Belfast School of Art and Design in 1849, the campus has a range of subjects including architecture, hospitality, event management, photography and digital animation. The award-winning Law Clinic is based at the Belfast campus, offering free legal advice on social security and employment law.
Ulster University has been expanding and developing the Belfast campus since 2009 as part of one of Northern Ireland's largest-ever urban developments, and nearly 15,000 students and staff will soon be based in the city centre. The first phase of this development opened in 2015 and completion of the project is due in 2019.
Coleraine
The Coleraine campus is situated on the banks of the River Bann with views to the North Coast and County Donegal hills. Subjects taught at Coleraine include biomedical sciences, environmental science and geography, pharmacy, psychology, the humanities, film and journalism, travel and tourism as well as teacher training. The Coleraine campus hosts the only optometry school in Northern Ireland and is home to the Riverside Theatre, the third-largest professional theatre in Northern Ireland.
A major and consequential development at Coleraine was the introduction of the degree programme in biomedical sciences in 1980. This subject area grew into a leading UK centre in teaching and research, being ranked first in the UK in three successive Research Assessment Exercises (1996, 2001 and 2008). It also spawned the development of related subject areas including human nutrition, radiography, clinical science, optometry, podiatry, pharmacy, pharmacology and stratified medicine. In 2002 the University was awarded £14.5 million under the Support Programme for University Research (SPUR) to establish the Centre for Molecular Biosciences at Coleraine.
The campus now hosts a number of courses which were previously held at the Portrush site which was part of the Coleraine Campus and home to the School of Hotel, Leisure and Tourism. The site closed in 2008 and courses were relocated to the Coleraine and the newly developed Belfast campuses.
In 2009 the university launched a new Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) course at Coleraine, becoming the top UK university for pharmacy and pharmacology in 2014 and maintaining that position in 2015, 2016 and 2017.
In July 2011, in cooperation with Zhejiang University of Media and Communications (ZUMC), 'The Confucius Institute at Ulster University' (CIUU) was developed. The Confucius Institute is part of a network of 322 institutes in over 50 countries which promote and teach Chinese language and culture and facilitate cultural exchanges aimed at fostering trade links with China.
In Spring 2015, a new £5.1 million teaching block was completed at the Coleraine Campus providing an active learning environment and allowing for more flexible and technology-led learning styles.
In Summer 2015, the new Faculty of Arts building was opened following a £6.75million investment which is home to a vast digital media archive, state-of-the-art media facilities, including radio and television studios, and a postgraduate research centre as well as office and administration accommodation.
Jordanstown
The Jordanstown campus, often informally referred to as UUJ, was formerly the site of the Ulster College of Physical Education, one of several Colleges which came together in the formation of the Ulster Polytechnic, and is the largest university campus. The site is located seven miles north of Belfast city centre situated at the foot of the Antrim Hills overlooking Belfast Lough. The buildings are mostly situated around a central mall with on-site stores and services. The campus has a strong profile in business, engineering, social sciences (including law), communication and academic disciplines relating to the science and coaching of sport. Sport plays a significant part in the life of the campus. It is home to the Sports Institute of Northern Ireland, a partnership between the University and Sport Northern Ireland, and most of Northern Ireland's elite athletes train in the impressive facilities. The campus is also the only university in Northern Ireland to offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in various Allied Health Professions, such as Cardiac and Respiratory Clinical Physiology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiography, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Speech and Language Therapy. The campus is also the only campus delivering courses in Biomedical Engineering within Northern Ireland.
Magee
The Magee campus in the city of Derry comprises a mixture of historic and new buildings in a Victorian residential area.
It was named after Martha Magee and opened in 1865 as a Presbyterian Christian arts and theological college. Since 1953, it has had no religious affiliation, and was one of the founding campuses of the university in 1968. Ongoing investment in the Magee campus provides teaching, research and support facilities for students and staff. This investment has delivered a student residential village offering en-suite accommodation, a library, the Intelligent Systems Research Centre, the Foyle Arts Building and a state of the art Centre for Engineering and Renewable Energy offering a wide range of Engineering courses.
In addition to the university's teaching and learning facilities, the campus has on-site residential, catering and sports facilities. Sports facilities include a multi-purpose sports hall, fitness suite and studio as well as a grass and floodlit synthetic 3G pitch with pavilion and changing facilities.
Branch Campuses
The university has a partnership with QA Higher Education, which operates two branch campuses in England: London and Birmingham. The London campus is in Holborn, and the Birmingham campus is in the Centre City Tower. The campuses offer courses in business, finance and computing.
Organisation and governance
Governance
Vice-Chancellors
Sir Derek Birley (1983–1991)
Trevor Arthur Smith, Baron Smith of Clifton (1991–1999)
Gerry McKenna DL MRIA (1999–2005)
Sir Richard Barnett (2006–2015)
Paddy Nixon (2015–present)
Chancellors
Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton (1984–1993)
Baroness Neuberger (1994–2000)
Sir Richard Nichols (2002–2010)
James Nesbitt (2010–present)
Faculties
The four faculties of Ulster University, are:
Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment
Life and Health Sciences
Ulster University Business School
Academic profile
The university's course provision is the largest in Northern Ireland, covering arts, business, engineering, information technology, life and health sciences, management, and social sciences. Courses have a strong vocational element and the majority include a period of industrial or professional placement.
Rankings
The university is ranked annually by the Complete University Guide, The Guardian, and jointly by The Times and The Sunday Times; this makes up the UK University League Table rankings. It was shortlisted for Sunday Times University of the Year in 2001.
The institution is a leading modern university ranked in the top 150 global institutions under 50 years of age in The Times Higher Education 150 Under 50 World University rankings.
Ulster is in the top 20% in international outlook in 2016, registering as 401 - 500 in the THE World University Rankings.
Ulster scores highly for student satisfaction with the 2018 National Student Survey unveiling 87% satisfaction rates—ranking 23rd out of 154 UK universities.
Research
The University embarked upon a policy of research selectivity in 1993 funded partially by Northern Ireland Development Funds (NIDevR) administered via the Northern Ireland Higher Education Council. The policy resulted in greatly improved performance by the University in subsequent Research Assessment Exercises (1996, 2001 and 2008; 3 subject areas, biomedical sciences, nursing and Celtic studies were ranked in the top 5 in the UK in the latter exercise) and in improving its publication output, external research funding and knowledge transfer activities. The establishment in 2002-3 of a number of research institutes in areas of established strength and the receipt of over £40 million through the Support Programme for University Research (SPUR), funded jointly by Atlantic Philanthropies and the Northern Ireland Department for Employment and Learning (DEL), yielded a further significant enhancement in the University's research performance.
The Research Excellence Framework 2014 exercise identified the institution as one of the top five universities in the UK for world-leading research in law, biomedical sciences, nursing and art and design. Under some metrics, it ranked the university top in Northern Ireland for research into biomedical sciences, law, business and management, architecture and built environment, art and design, social policy, sport, media studies and nursing.
The Research Excellence Framework 2014 identified that 72% of the university's research activity was world leading or internationally excellent. Additionally the REF evaluation identified the university as ranked:
In the top 10 UK-wide for built environment, biomedical sciences, law, art and design and nursing research
First in the UK for outstanding impact in law and joint first in the UK for outstanding and very considerable impact in education research
Second in the UK for Celtic studies research.
Research Institutes
There are 15 Research Institutes at the university. These are:
Arts & Humanities Research Institute (AHRI)
Biomedical Sciences Research Institute
Built Environment Research Institute
Business and Management Research Institute
Centre for Media Research
Computer Science Research Institute
Engineering Research Institute (ERI)
Environmental Sciences Research Institute
Institute of Nursing and Health Research
Institute for Research in Social Sciences
Irish and Celtic Studies Research Institute
Psychology Research Institute
Research Institute for Art and Design (RIAD)
Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute
Transitional Justice Institute
Noted academics and alumni
Ulster has a large body of notable alumni, including MPs Kate Hoey, Gregory Campbell, Michelle Gildernew, Roberta Blackman-Woods and former deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland Mark Durkan, MLAs Alban Maginness, Basil McCrea and Seán Neeson, writers and authors including Anne Devlin, Dinah Jefferies, Colin Duriez, Calum Neill and Aodán Mac Póilin, poets including Gerald Dawe and Brendan Hamill, and artists including Colin Davidson, Oliver Jeffers, Victor Sloan, Andre Stitt, John Luke and John Kindness. Other alumni include composer Brian Irvine, musician David Lyttle, comedian Omid Djalili, former hostage and writer Brian Keenan, historian Simon Kitson, biomedical scientist and former Vice-Chancellor Gerry McKenna, filmmaker Brian Philip Davis, visual artist Willie Doherty, photographer Mary Fitzpatrick, film producer Michael Riley, rugby player Brian Robinson, radio and television personality Gerry Anderson, nursing academic Alison Kitson, CEO of Cognizant Brian Humphries.
Notable current and former academics who have worked at Ulster include historian Antony Alcock, political scientist Monica McWilliams, poets Andrew Waterman and James Simmons, literary critic Walter Allen, physicist and subsequently Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sheffield, Gareth Roberts, mathematician Ralph Henstock, solar energy technologist and President of Dublin Institute of Technology, Brian Norton, law professors Brice Dickson and Denis Moloney, Professor of Nursing Research Brendan George McCormack. Turner Prize-nominated video artist Willie Doherty, Official War Artist Paul Seawright and live artist Anne Seagrave.
Academics who were elected to membership of the Royal Irish Academy while based at Ulster include Bertie Ussher (Classics), Norman Gibson (Economics), Amyan Macfadyen (Biology), Bill Watts (Chemistry), Gerry McKenna (Biomedical Sciences, Genetics), Sean Strain (Biomedical Sciences, Nutrition), Marshall McCabe (Geology), Peter Flatt (Biomedical Sciences, Diabetes), Séamus MacMathúna (Celtic Studies), Robert Anthony Welch (Literature), Vani Borooah (Economics), Máréaid Nic Craith (Celtic Studies), Graham Gargett (French), Helene McNulty (Biomedical Sciences, Nutrition), Pól Ó Dochartaigh (German), Robert McBride (French), Ullrich Kockel (ethnography), John McCloskey (Geosciences), and Rosalind Pritchard (Education).
Recipients of honorary degrees include the former President of the United States Bill Clinton, former President of Ireland Mary McAleese, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, football managers Sir Alex Ferguson and Brendan Rodgers, poet Seamus Heaney, writers Seamus Deane, Brian Friel, Frank McGuinness and Colm Tóibín, activists May Blood and Aung San Suu Kyi, actors Amanda Burton and Ewan McGregor, racehorse trainer Vincent O'Brien, bishops Seán Brady, Robin Eames, James Mehaffey, Edward Daly and Desmond Tutu, singers Enya, Van Morrison and Tommy Makem, politicians John Hume and Garret FitzGerald, politician, writer and historian Conor Cruise O'Brien, US lawyer John Connorton, US diplomat Jim Lyons, Gaelic footballer Peter Canavan, rugby player David Humphreys, golfers Darren Clarke and Graeme McDowell, former governor of Hong Kong Chris Patten and triple jumper Jonathan Edwards.
See also
Education in Northern Ireland
List of universities in Northern Ireland
References
Online sources
History of Magee College at Ulster University Library website
Obituary: Education Guardian, obituary of Derek Birley, founding rector of Ulster College and founding vice-chancellor of University of Ulster
External links
UUJ Portal
Ulster University Students' Union Website
Category:Educational institutions established in 1968
Category:Educational institutions established in 1984
Category:1968 establishments in Northern Ireland
Category:Education in Belfast
Category:Education in Derry (city)
Category:Universities in Northern Ireland
Category:Engineering universities and colleges in Ireland
Category:Universities established in the 1960s | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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How Lucky I Am
How Lucky I Am is the fourth studio album released by American country music artist Bryan White. It was released in 1999 (see 1999 in country music) on Asylum Records. The album included two singles: "You're Still Beautiful to Me" which reached number 39 on the Country chart and "God Gave Me You" at number 40. Dann Huff produced tracks 1–3 and 6–8, and White co-produced the remainder of the album with Derek George.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album three stars out of five, with his review saying that its sound was "more suited for adult contemporary stations than contemporary country" but adding that the album worked "in small doses."
Track listing
"Everywhere I Turn" (Bruce Miller, James LeBlanc) – 3:52
"Heaven Sent" (Tim DuBois, Mike Reid) – 3:52
"The Stayin'" (Scotty Emerick, John Tirro, Derek George) – 2:48
"You're Still Beautiful to Me" (Bryan Adams, Robert John "Mutt" Lange) – 5:14
"That Good" (Andy Goldmark, James Dean Hicks, Jamie Houston) – 4:17
"Love Me Like You Mean It" (Bryan White, George, Tirro) – 3:29
"God Gave Me You" (Goldmark, Hicks, Houston) – 4:06
"Love Happens Just Like That" (Tim Nichols, Annie Roboff) – 2:47
"Shari Ann" (White, Max Carl) – 3:47
"Two in a Million" (Tim Mensy, Gary Harrison) – 2:40
"How Lucky I Am" (Marcus Hummon, Roboff) – 3:04
"You'll Always Be Loved (By Me)" (White, George, Tirro) – 4:00
Personnel
Tim Akers - keyboards
Taz Bentley - Fender Rhodes, keyboards, mellotron, Hammond organ, piano, background vocals
Mike Brignardello - bass guitar
Larry Byrom - acoustic guitar
Max Carl - Hammond organ, background vocals, Wurlitzer
Randle Currie - pedal steel guitar
Eric Darken - percussion
Stuart Duncan - fiddle, mandolin
Scotty Emerick - acoustic guitar, background vocals
Joe Finger- djembe, drums, percussion, udu, background vocals
Paul Franklin - pedal steel guitar
Derek George - 12-string electric guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, background vocals
Carl Gorodetzky - string contractor
Paul Hantzis - background vocals
Aubrey Haynie - fiddle
Lee Hendricks - bass guitar, background vocals
Dann Huff - electric guitar
Ronn Huff - string arrangements
Jeff King - electric guitar
Chris Leuzinger - electric guitar
Leslie Liddell - background vocals
Paul Leim - drums
B. James Lowry - acoustic guitar
Brent Mason - electric guitar
Mac McAnally - acoustic guitar
The Nashville String Machine - strings
Steve Nathan - keyboards, piano
Erika Page - background vocals
Chris Rodriguez - background vocals
Matt Rollings - keyboards
Harry Stinson - background vocals
Brinson Strickland - electric guitar, background vocals
John Tirro - background vocals
Steve Wariner - acoustic guitar
Bergen White - string arrangements
Bryan White - cowbell, acoustic guitar, percussion, shaker, tambourine, lead vocals, background vocals
Lynn Williams - drums, percussion
Lonnie Wilson - drums, drum loops, shaker, tambourine
Chart performance
References
Category:1999 albums
Category:Asylum Records albums
Category:Bryan White albums
Category:Albums produced by Dann Huff
Category:Albums produced by Derek George | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Valerian (name)
Valerian is a given name.
Ancient world
Valerian (emperor) (200–c. 260), Roman emperor (253-260)
Valerian II (died 257), Roman Caesar, grandson of the Emperor Valerian
Saints Tiburtius, Valerian and Maximus
Valerian of Abbenza (377–457), bishop of Abbenza
Valerian Protasewicz (1505-1579), bishop of Lutsk and Vilnius, founder of the Jesuit college
Modern world
Valerian Abakovsky (1895-1921), Russian engineer, inventor of the Aerowagon
Valerian Albanov (1881–1919), Russian navigator
Valerian Bestayev (born 1982), former Russian professional footballer
Valerian Borisovich Aptekar (1889-1937), Russian linguist and a propagandist of Nicholas Marr
Valerian Engelhardt (1798-1856), Russian lieutenant general
Valerian Freyberg, 3rd Baron Freyberg (born 1970), British peer, sitting as a crossbencher
Valerian A. Frolov (1895–1961), Soviet Russian military figure
Valerian Borowczyk (1923-2006), Polish film director
Valerian Gaprindashvili (1888-1941), Georgian Symbolist poet and translator
Valerian Gârlă (born 1986), Romanian football player
Valerian Gracias (1900–1978), Indian Roman Catholic cardinal
Valerian Gribayedoff (1858–1908), Russian-American journalist
Valerian Gunia (1862-1938), Georgian dramatist, actor, director, critic, and translator
Valerian Gvilia (born 1994), Georgian football midfielder
Valerian Kalinka (1826-1886), Polish priest and historian
Valerian Klenevski, Azerbaijani politician, former Minister of Social Security
Valerian Kobakhia (1929-1992), Abkhaz Soviet statesman and party leader
Valerian Krasinski (1855-1985), Polish Calvinist politician, nationalist and historian
Valerian Kuybyshev (1888–1935), a Russian revolutionary, Red Army officer and prominent Soviet politician
Valerian Madatov (1782–1829), Russian prince and Lieutenant General
Valerian Maykov (1823-1847), Russian writer and literary critic
Valerian Netedu (born 1953), former Romanian ice hockey goaltender
Valerian Onițiu (1972-1948), Romanian chess problemist
Valerian Osinsky (1887-1938), Russian revolutionary Marxist
Valerian Pereverzev (1982-1868), Soviet literary scholar
Valerian Pidmohylny (1901-1939), Ukrainian realist novelist
Valerian Pletnev (1886-1947), Russian revolutionary, playwright and activist in Proletkult
Valerian Polyansky (1881-1948), Bolshevik revolutionary and later state functionary
Valerian Revenco (born 1939), Moldovan politician, former Minister of Labor, Family and Social Protection
Valerian Rodrigues (born 1949), Indian political scientist
Valerian Ruminski (born 1967), American singer
Valerian Safonovich (1798-1867), Russian ruler of Oryol Governorate
Valérian Sauveplane (born 1980), French sport shooter
Valerian Savelyev (born 1962), Russian football coach and a former player
Valerian Shalikashvili (1874-1919), Georgian producer, actor, and playwright
Valerian Sidamon-Eristavi (1889-1983), Georgian Modernist artist and set designer
Valerian Sokolov (born 1946), former Soviet bantamweight amateur boxer
Valerian Șesan (1878-1940), Romanian theologian
Valerián Švec (born 1995), Slovak football player and coach
Valerian Stan (born 1955), Romanian dignitary, lawyer and military officer, civic and human rights activist
Valerian Tevzadze (1894-1987), Georgian military officer
Valerian Trifa (1914–1987), Romanian Orthodox cleric and fascist political activist
Valerian Ume-Ezeoke (born 1993), former American football center
Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington (1915-2014), styled Marquess of Douro, member of the House of Lords
Valerian Zirakadze (born 1978), Georgian footballer
Valerian Zorin (1902-1986), Soviet diplomat
Valerian Zubov (1771-1804), Russian general who led the Persian Expedition of 1796
Lars Valerian Ahlfors (1907-1996), Finnish mathematician
Surname
Bice Valerian (1886-1969), Italian film actress of the silent era
Gerald Valerian Wellesley (1809-1882), Church of England cleric who became the Dean of Windsor
I. Valerian (1895-1980), Romanian writer
Jan Valerián Jirsík (1798-1883), Roman Catholic Bishop of Budweis
See also
Valeri
Valerian (disambiguation)
Valerius (disambiguation)
Valérien (disambiguation)
Valeria (disambiguation)
Valerianus (disambiguation)
Walerian
Giuseppe Valeriano, Italian painter and architect
Valerian Runkovsky, town in Transnistria, Moldova
Valeriano Lunense, a place near Five Lands, Italy
Category:Masculine given names | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bryukhovo, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast
Bryukhovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Nikolskoye Rural Settlement, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2002.
Geography
The distance to Kaduy is 40 km, to Andronovo is 2 km. Andronovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Category:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Peter Weir (politician)
Peter Weir MLA (born 21 November 1968) is a British politician with the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) serving as Education Minister since 2020, and previously from 2016 to 2017. Weir is the first non-Sinn Féin legislator (following Martin McGuinness, Caitríona Ruane, and John O'Dowd) to head the Department of Education since the department came into existence on 2 December 1999.
Career
A past chairman of the Young Unionists (the UUP Youth Wing), Weir is a barrister by profession. He attended Bangor Grammar School and graduated from the Queen's University of Belfast in Law and Accountancy. He was called to the Northern Ireland Bar in 1992 and is a former editor of the Ulster Review. Weir has been a member of the Queen's University Senate since 1996 and is also leading member of the University Convocation. He was elected to the Northern Ireland Peace Forum in 1996 for the constituency of North Down.
Weir refused to support the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, saying in one television interview that the only positive comment he could summon for the Agreement was that it was "very nicely typed". A leading critic of then-party leader David Trimble's policies, Weir was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly in the 1998 election.
Weir was selected as his party's candidate to fight the 2001 general election in North Down, but a month before the election tensions between him and the party reached the stage where he was deselected and replaced by Sylvia Hermon. Weir was later expelled from the Ulster Unionist Party for refusing to support the re-election of David Trimble as First Minister of Northern Ireland. Following a period as an Independent Unionist, Weir joined the Democratic Unionist Party in 2002.
Since then, he has been re-elected from North Down at each election for the DUP. In the 2005 Westminster election Weir finally stood for North Down, this time for the DUP, but lost to Sylvia, Lady Hermon of the Ulster Unionist Party.
He is a member of the North Down Borough Council and belongs to the Orange Order and the Royal Black Preceptory. He attends Hamilton Road Presbyterian Church.
References
Category:Living people
Category:1968 births
Category:Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Category:Barristers from Northern Ireland
Category:Members of North Down Borough Council
Category:Democratic Unionist Party MLAs
Category:Members of the Bar of Northern Ireland
Category:Members of the Northern Ireland Forum
Category:Northern Ireland MLAs 1998–2003
Category:Northern Ireland MLAs 2003–2007
Category:Northern Ireland MLAs 2007–2011
Category:Northern Ireland MLAs 2011–2016
Category:Northern Ireland MLAs 2016–2017
Category:Ministers of the Northern Ireland Executive (since 1999)
Category:Presbyterians from Northern Ireland
Category:People educated at Bangor Grammar School
Category:People from Bangor, County Down
Category:Ulster Unionist Party MLAs
Category:Northern Ireland MLAs 2017– | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Coos people
Coos people are an indigenous people of the Northwest Plateau, living in Oregon. They live on the southwest Oregon Pacific coast. Today, Coos people are enrolled in the following federally recognized tribes:
Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians of Oregon
Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon
Coquille Indian Tribe.
Language
The Coos language is dormant. It belongs to the Coosan language family, and is divided into two dialects: Hanis language and Miluk language. The Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw has a language program to revitalize the language.
History
Their neighbors were Siuslauan, Kalapuyan, and the Umpqua Indians. On February 8, 1806 the Coos people were first mentioned by Euro-Americans. William Clark, wintering at Fort Clatsop near the Columbia with Meriwether Lewis and the Corp of Discovery, reported the existence of the "Cook-koo-oose nation". His journal entry stated: "I saw several prisoners from this nation with the Clatsops and Kilamox, they are much fairer than the common Indians of this quarter, and do not flatten their heads." The Coos joined with the Umpqua and Siuslaw tribes and became a confederation with the signing of a Treaty in August 1855. In 1857, the U.S. Government removed the Coos Indians to Port Umpqua. Four years later, they were again transferred to the Alsea Sub-agency at Yachats Reservation where they remained until 1876. In 1876, the sub-agency was handed over to white settlement and the Indians were assigned to relocate to the Siletz Reservation, which created a major disruption among the tribal members.
Culture
There were 40–50 villages in the Coos tribes (they lived around the Coos bay and North Bend area). Most of them were hunters, fishermen, and gatherers. For entertainment, they held foot races, canoe races, dice (bone or stick) games, target ilu practice, and also shinny (field hockey).
Namesakes
Several Oregon landmarks are named after the tribe, including Coos Bay, the city of Coos Bay, Oregon, and Coos County.
Notable Coos people
Annie Miner Peterson (1860–1939), last speaker of the Miluk language
See also
Coosan languages
Notes
References
Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Further reading
Leo J. Frachtenberg, "Coos," in Franz Boas (ed.), Handbook of American Indian Languages, Part 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1922; pp. 297–430.
External links
Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw, official website
Languages of Oregon: Coos
Coos, Lower Umpqua & Siuslaw Tribes profile
Coos Texts, collection of origin myths and lore by Leo J. Frachtenberg (1913), on Internet Sacred Text Archive
Category:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
Category:Native American tribes in Oregon
Category:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Idle Hour
Idle Hour is a former Vanderbilt estate that is located in Oakdale on Long Island in Suffolk County, New York. It was completed in 1901 for William Kissam Vanderbilt. Now part of Dowling College, the mansion is one of the largest houses in the United States of America.
History
In 1878, Alva and William Kissam Vanderbilt began building a lavish, wooden 110-room home known as Idle Hour, on a estate on the Connetquot River. The building, initially completed in 1882, was designed by Richard Morris Hunt of Hunt & Hunt (an American who studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris), continuously added to until the home was destroyed by fire on April 15, 1899, while his son, Willie K. Vanderbilt, was honeymooning there. Willie and his new wife, Virginia Fair Vanderbilt, escaped the fire. His daughter Consuelo had also honeymooned there when she married the Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough in 1895.
It was promptly rebuilt of red brick and gray stone in the English Country Style, with exquisite furnishings, for $3 million. The building, at the time was considered among the finest homes in America, was designed by Hunt's son, Richard Howland Hunt. The rebuilt "estate included nearly all of Oakdale, 290 or 300 buildings, a herd of steer and a paddlewheel steamer to ferry guests up and down the Connetquot River alongside the mansion." Around 1902, an addition was made to Idle Hour by the promient architectural firm of Warren & Wetmore.
Later ownership
After Vanderbilt's death in 1920, the mansion went through several phases and visitors, including a brief stay during Prohibition by gangster Dutch Schultz. Around that time, cow stalls, pig pens and corn cribs on the farm portion of Idle Hour were converted into a short-lived bohemian artists' colony, known as the Royal Fraternity of Master Metaphysicians, that included figures such as George Elmer Browne and Roman (Bon) Bonet-Sintas as well as sculptress Catherine Lawson, costume designer Olga Meervold, and pianist Claude Govier, and Francis Gow-Smith and his wife Carol.
In 1963, Adelphi College purchased the estate and, in 1968, spun the campus off as Dowling College (named after city planner and philanthropist Robert W. Dowling). In March 1974, the home sustained its second fire and required a $3 million renovation. The estate was home to Dowling College, a private co-educational college, until the college closed in August 2016.
In 2017, Idle Hour and the Dowling Campus were set to be auctioned off. In 2018, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Central Islip approved the $14 million purchase of the site. by Mercury International LLC of Delaware, an affiliate of NCF Capital Ltd.
Largest homes in America
The 70,000 sq. ft. mansion is tied for the 15th largest house in the United States of America with Woodlea in Briarcliff Manor, New York (built for his sister Margaret and brother-in-law Elliott Fitch Shepard in 1895) and Lynnewood Hall in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (built for Peter A. B. Widener in 1900).
Gallery
See also
List of Gilded Age mansions
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Idle Hour, Town of Islip, Suffolk County at Preservation Long Island
The Gilded Age, The Vanderbilt's and Idle Hour video on YouTube.
Category:Vanderbilt family
Category:Vanderbilt family residences
Category:Palaces in the United States
Category:Gilded Age
Category:Dowling College
Category:Houses in Suffolk County, New York
Category:Residential buildings completed in 1901 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Marko Pavlović
Marko Pavlović (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Пaвловић ;born 30 January 1982 in SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian football goalkeeper who played for FK Jagodina. As of 2014, he was goalkeeping coach at the club.
He is 1'96 and weighs 92 kg. Marko Pavlović has played for FK Jagodina his whole career.
He was playing for Čukarički Stankom younger categories and FK Komgrap Belgrade. He was playing also for a FK Morava Ribare.
References
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Serbian footballers
Category:FK Čukarički players
Category:FK Jagodina players
Category:Serbian SuperLiga players
Category:Association football goalkeepers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Tyler Smith (basketball)
David Tyler Smith (born September 4, 1986) is an American basketball player who last played for Elitzur Eito Ashkelon of the Israeli National League. He played college basketball for Iowa and Tennessee, but his college career came to an end when he was dismissed from the Tennessee program in January 2010. He also earned the Bertelkamp Basketball Scholarship Endowment Fund and the Dane Bradshaw Endowed Athletic Scholarship.
Personal life
He earned tournament MVP honors as a sophomore after leading the Bobcats to the state title. He earned first team all-state honors as a junior after averaging 24 points, nine rebounds and five assists as a junior at Giles County High School. Smith averaged 20 points, 10 rebounds and just over five assists per game at Hargrave Military Academy in Chatham, Va., in 2005-06. He helped lead Hargrave to a 28-2 record while ranking as one of the top prep school teams in the nation. He was a Second team selection on the Street & Smith's 2004 Boys High School all-America team, and was rated a four-star prospect by Rivals.com. He was the 2005 Tennessee Mr. Basketball, averaging 26 points per game as a senior.
Collegiate career
Iowa Hawkeyes (2006–2007)
Smith started 29 of 31 games for the Hawkeyes as a freshman, leading the team in both rebounding and steals. He was the third freshman in school history to lead the Hawkeyes in rebounding. Additionally, Smith was second on the team in scoring (averaging 14.9 ppg) and assists. His season resulted in his being named to third-team All-Big Ten as well as to the All-Big Ten Freshman Team. Smith transferred to Tennessee after his freshman season in order to be closer to his father, who was suffering from lung cancer.
Tennessee Volunteers (2007–2010)
Sophomore Season (2007–08)
He transferred from Iowa and was granted a waiver by the Administrative Review Subcommittee to be eligible to play for the Volunteers at the start of 2007-08 season instead of sitting out a season as would normally be required. He led the Vols in assists, rebounding, and field goal percentage and was third in scoring. He ranked second on the team with 50 steals, increasing his season averages in SEC play, averaging 13.5 points and 7.8 rebounds. In SEC games, ranked 4th among the league leaders in offensive rebounds, 6th in field goal percentage, 7th in rebounding, 9th in assists, 9th in assists/turnover ratio and averaged 13.5 points per game. He started 35 of UT's 36 games. He was named the SEC Player of the Week after leading the Vols to wins over Auburn and at top-ranked Memphis. Scored in double figures in 31 of 36 games and had six double-doubles. He and teammate Chris Lofton were both named to the All-SEC first team.
Junior Season (2008–09)
He was a team leader and the only Vol to start all 34 games during the season, played primarily at the four spot but also saw time at the three position. He led the Vols in scoring 18 times, assists 16 times and rebounding 10 times. He also led the team with 17.4 points per game (6th in SEC), 3.4 assists per game (8th in the SEC), and a .766 free-throw percentage (8th in the SEC). Ranked 6th in the SEC in assist-to-turnover ratio 1.6, 7th in the SEC with 32.6 minutes played per game and 12th in the SEC in field-goal percentage .439. During the season Smith also had the first triple-double in Tennessee history against UNC Asheville and became the 42nd member of UT's 1,000-point club. He earned All-Tournament Team honors at the Old Spice Classic, averaging 17.3 points, 4.3 rebounds and 3.0 assists in UT's three games against Siena, Georgetown and Gonzaga. Smith totaled 57 points in three games while leading the Vols to their first SEC Tournament championship game appearance since 1991. He went 10-of-10 at the free-throw line and scored a game-high 21 points vs. Oklahoma State in the NCAA Tournament.
Smith was named first-team All-SEC unanimously.
Senior Season (2009–10)
In his last season at Tennessee he averaged 11.7 points per game and 4.7 rebounds, starting 12 early season games. On January 1, 2010, Tyler Smith, Cameron Tatum, Brian Williams, and Melvin Goins were arrested for weapons charges and marijuana possession. Bruce Pearl suspended the four players. Tyler Smith was dismissed from the team, Goins and Tatum were reinstated, while Williams remained on indefinite suspension. Williams was reinstated to the team on Sat., February 6, 2010.
College Stats
Season Totals
Professional career
After his dismissal from Tennessee, Smith signed a two-month contract with Bornova Belediye in the Turkish basketball league in March 2010. He was eligible for the 2010 NBA Draft, but was not selected. Some credit this to his legal problems. On January 24, 2013, he signed a contract with Boulazac Basket Dordogne Club in France.
On December 5, 2018, Smith returned to Israel for a second stint, signing with Elitzur Eito Ashkelon for the rest of the season. In 22 games played for Ashkelon, he averaged 16 points, 8.6 rebounds and 2.5 assists per game, shooting 66 percent from 2-point range.
References
External links
RealGM profile
French League profile
Tennessee Volunteers bio
NBA Draft 2009 Scouting Report
Category:1986 births
Category:Living people
Category:African-American basketball players
Category:American expatriate basketball people in France
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Germany
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Israel
Category:American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Basketball players from Tennessee
Category:Bornova Belediye players
Category:Elitzur Eito Ashkelon players
Category:Hapoel Holon players
Category:Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball players
Category:Medi Bayreuth players
Category:People from Pulaski, Tennessee
Category:Shooting guards
Category:Small forwards
Category:Tennessee Volunteers basketball players | {
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James C. Kennedy
James Cox Kennedy (born November 29, 1947) is an American media executive and the current chair of Cox Enterprises, the conglomerate founded by his grandfather, James M. Cox. According to the 2017 Forbes billionaires list, he is the 105th-richest person in the world, the 37th-richest person in the United States, and the richest person in the state of Georgia, surpassing his aunt, Anne Cox Chambers.
Personal life and education
Born on November 29, 1947 in Honolulu, in the Territory of Hawaii, Kennedy is the son of Barbara Cox Anthony and airline executive Stanley C. Kennedy Jr. His maternal grandfather was James M. Cox, the 46th and 48th governor of Ohio, newspaper publisher and broadcaster. In 2007, Kennedy inherited a 25% stake in Cox Enterprises after his mother died. Kennedy now serves as chairman of Cox Enterprises. His sister is Blair Parry-Okeden, Australia's second-richest woman.
Kennedy received his bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Denver in 1970. In 2003, he received an honorary doctorate of humane letters from Kennesaw State University, located in Kennesaw, Georgia. In 2018, he was granted an honorary doctorate from Colorado State University.
Kennedy lives in Atlanta with his wife, Sarah. They have three grown children -- a daughter and two sons -- and three grandchildren.
Career
Kennedy began his career with Cox Enterprises in 1972, working in a variety of media roles. He began his career with Cox Newspapers where he held several positions in the newspaper industry, including production assistant, reporter, copy editor, advertising salesman, business manager, and executive vice president/general manager in Atlanta. He was named president of Grand Junction Newspapers, Inc. in 1979 and was quickly named publisher of the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, where he worked the back shop as well as on the newsroom floor. He was known as the "New Kid." Soon after, Kennedy returned to Atlanta where in 1986, he was named executive vice president of Cox Enterprises. He was inducted into the Technology Association of Georgia's Technology Hall of Fame in 2016.
A 2015 Forbes magazine profile on Kennedy was titled "This Billionaire Knows The Secret To Saving A Family Business".
Educational and community outreach
Recognized for his contributions to the community, Kennedy and his wife, Sarah, were awarded the Philanthropists of the Year by the Greater Atlanta Chapter of the Association for Fund-raising Professionals in 2003. In 2004, he was inducted into Georgia State University's J. Mack Robinson College of Business Hall of Fame. He established the Jim Kennedy Scholarship Fund to support children of Cox employees. The Fund annually awards ten scholarships valued at up to $40,000 each.
Kennedy has also remained closely connected to his alma mater, the University of Denver. He has contributed to the university by serving as a member of DU's Board of Trustees. In 2008, Kennedy gave the University of Denver a ten-million-dollar gift to create the James C. Kennedy Institute for Educational Success in the Morgridge College of Education. The purpose of this institute is to identify innovative and cost-effective means for promoting and sustaining the educational success of vulnerable children.
As a nature enthusiast, Kennedy once served as Chairman of the Colorado Division of Wildlife Commission. He currently serves on the board of the PATH Foundation, previously served on the boards of Ducks Unlimited and Atlanta Committee for Progress, and is also a former president of Wetlands America Trust, Inc. In 2008, Kennedy also established the James C. Kennedy Endowed Chair in Waterfowl and Wetlands Conservation in the Department of Wildlife & Fisheries of the College of Forest Resources at Mississippi State University. Kennedy's gift sustains in perpetuity the teaching, research, and outreach program in waterfowl and wetlands ecology and conservation at MSU. In 2013, Tallahatchie General Hospital, with funding from Jim Kennedy, chairman of Cox Enterprises, announced plans to build a Wellness Center in Charleston, Mississippi. The Center opened in 2016 and the Mississippi House of Representatives passed a resolution in support of the facility. In 2014, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service announced a land exchange in Mississippi with Kennedy to conserve wildlife habitats and provide outdoor recreation for public access. He also gave $3.3 million to Clemson University to establish and endow the James C. Kennedy Waterfowl and Wetlands Conservation Center, headquartered at the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Coastal Ecology and Forest Science in Georgetown and Nemours Wildlife Foundation in Beaufort. In 2016, he gave $3.1M to create a University Endowed Chair in Wetlands and Waterfowl Conservation at Colorado State University. Wetlands America Trust presented Kennedy with its 2014 National Blue-winged Teal Award for giving his time, talent and treasure for the conservation of natural resources.
He was a featured speaker at Fortune's Brainstorm Green where he spoke on the importance of sustainability. He encouraged sustainability through the company's participation in the American Business Act on Climate Change Pledge.
Kennedy was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2014. He encouraged Cox employees to participate in Movember to raise awareness for men's health. The company raised nearly $2 million for the Movember Foundation. He is currently cancer free and encourages Cox employees to participate in health screenings for early detection. In 2015, he announced a $25 million grant to Emory from the James M. Cox Foundation that will support prostate cancer initiatives.
Right of way controversy
Kennedy was involved in a dispute where he tried to take away the rights of the public to access an 8-mile stretch of river that runs through land he owns on the Ruby River in Montana. The Montana Supreme Court ruled against Kennedy.
References
External links
Cox Enterprises bio on James C. Kennedy
Forbes 400 List: #49 James C. Kennedy
Reference for the members of his family
<small>
Further reading
Category:Living people
Category:Cox family
Category:University of Denver alumni
Category:American billionaires
Category:1948 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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WPSM
WPSM (91.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format. Licensed to Fort Walton Beach, Florida, United States, the station serves Fort Walton Beach and most of northwest Florida. The station also streams online at www.wpsm.com.
The station is owned by Fort Walton Beach Educational Broadcasting Foundation and features programming from Salem Communications.
References
External links
PSM | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Kjell Erfjord
Kjell Erfjord (born 24 July 1940) is a Norwegian former educator and politician for the Christian Democratic Party.
He was born in Hjelmeland as a son of Bernt Erfjord (1898–1981) and Karen Hagen (1905–1990). He was educated in Årdal and Stavanger before attending the Norwegian College of Teaching from 1966 to 1970. He worked as a teacher at Lundheim Folk High School from 1963 to 1970, and headmaster from 1970 to 1985 and 1995 to 1999.
He became involved in politics, and was a member of Lund municipal council from 1971 to 2007, serving as deputy mayor from 1975 to 1979 and mayor from 1981 to 1991 and 1999 to 2007. He was a member of Rogaland county council from 1983 to 1995, serving as deputy county mayor () from 1985. He has chaired the local party chapter several times, chaired the county chapter from 1975 to 1979 and was a member of the national board during the same period. He also served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Rogaland during the terms 1981–1985, 1985–1989 and 1989–1993. In total, he met during 205 days of parliamentary session.
Erfjord was a member of the county school board from 1979 to 1987. He was the deputy chair of Norges Kristelige Folkehøgskolelag from 1981 to 1985, and chaired Folkehøgskolerådet from 1983 to 1985. He is a Christian, and was a national board member of the Norwegian Missionary Society from 1993 to 1999, serving as deputy leader since 1996. In 2008 he tried to become board chairman of the Norwegian Missionary Society, but at the organizational meeting he lost the vote 188–369 to Kari Sørheim.
In 2007 he was awarded the HM The King's Medal of Merit in gold.
References
Category:1940 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Hjelmeland
Category:Christian Democratic Party (Norway) politicians
Category:Deputy members of the Storting
Category:Mayors of places in Rogaland
Category:Norwegian principals
Category:Norwegian Lutherans
Category:Recipients of the King's Medal of Merit in gold | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dainava military district
Dainava military district (Dainava partisans military district) is a military district of Lithuanian partisans which operated in 1945–1951 in the counties of Alytus, Lazdijai and Varėna in Dainava (Dzūkija). The most significant battles: on May 17, 1945, in the Kalniškės Forest of the Simnas rural district in the Alytus district (44 partisans killed, about 400 NKVD intruders killed); on June 14, 1945, in the Varčia Forest of the Daugai rural district (40 partisans killed or were arrested, about 176 NKVD intruders were killed).
Leaders
Structure of Lithuanian partisans' organisation
Notes and references
External links
Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania
The partisan military districts of the Lithuanian freedom fighters
Vienui Vieni ("Utterly Alone") 2004 film about the Lithuanian Forest Brothers, based on the real life events of Juozas Lukša aka Juozas L. Daumantas
War Chronicle of the Partisans – Chronicle of Lithuanian partisans, June 1944 – May 1949, prepared by Algis Rupainis
Forest Brothers – Fight for the Baltics – official YouTube channel of NATO, 2017
Category:Military districts of Lithuanian partisans
Category:Lithuanian partisans
Category:Guerrilla organizations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Borzęcin Duży
Borzęcin Duży is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stare Babice, within Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Stare Babice, north-west of Ożarów Mazowiecki, and west of Warsaw.
The village has a population of 1320.
References
Category:Villages in Warsaw West County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Goodbye to You (Scandal song)
"Goodbye to You" is a single by American rock band Scandal.
Original release information
The song was written by band member Zack Smith. It appeared on Scandal's 1982 Scandal EP. It hit #5 on Billboard's Album Rock play list. The song was also released as a single, and reached #65 on the Billboard Hot 100.
The video shows Patty Smyth in a bright red dress singing the lyrics to various members of the band as they perform the song. Scandal keyboardist Benjy King is shown playing a rare Digital Keyboards Synergy synthesizer, which provided the main 8th note foundation of the track; though he is not shown in the video, the song features Late Show with David Lettermans bandleader and sidekick Paul Shaffer playing a solo—based on Del Shannon's "Runaway" on an Oberheim OB-Xa.
References
External links
Lyrics to "Goodbye To You"
Category:1982 singles
Category:1982 songs
Category:Scandal (American band) songs
Category:Columbia Records singles
Category:Debut singles | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Methylocystis bryophila
Methylocystis bryophila is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis which has been isolated from Sphagnum peat from the Großer Teufelssee in Germany.
Further reading
References
External links
Type strain of Methylocystis bryophila at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Category:Methylocystaceae
Category:Bacteria described in 2013 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Marie-Rose Morel
Marie Rose Louise Constant Morel (26 August 1972 – 8 February 2011) was a Flemish-Belgian politician. She became a member of the Flemish Parliament for the Vlaams Belang in 2004, after leaving the New-Flemish Alliance.
In 1994, Morel was elected Miss Flanders. She was diagnosed with stage IV uterine cancer in 2008. On 8 February 2011, she died from the disease. She was 38.
Category:1972 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:Vlaams Belang politicians
Category:21st-century Belgian politicians
Category:21st-century women politicians
Category:Belgian beauty pageant winners
Category:Deaths from cancer in Belgium
Category:Deaths from uterine cancer
Category:Members of the Flemish Parliament
Category:Belgian women in politics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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