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Pâ Department | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"80.62.116.187"
]
} | apovi8ionqwlz9skjwesbp7y65v6jef | 2022-08-06T18:58:34Z | 1,101,473,224 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Towns and villages",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Pâ** is a [department](/wiki/Departments_of_Burkina_Faso \"Departments of Burkina Faso\") or commune of [Balé Province](/wiki/Bal%C3%A9_Province \"Balé Province\") in southern [Burkina Faso](/wiki/Burkina_Faso \"Burkina Faso\"). Its capital is the town of [Pâ](/wiki/P%C3%A2 \"Pâ\"). According to the 2019 census the department has a total population of 27,011\\.\n\n",
"Towns and villages\n------------------\n\nLargest towns and villages and populations in the department are as follows:\n[Burkinabé government inforoute communale](http://www.inforoute-communale.gov.bf/list_vill/bm.htm) \n* **[Pâ](/wiki/P%C3%A2 \"Pâ\")** (15 170 inhabitants) (capital)\n* [Boro](/wiki/Boro%2C_Burkina_Faso \"Boro, Burkina Faso\") (1 300 inhabitants)\n* [Didié](/wiki/Didi%C3%A9 \"Didié\") (1 234 inhabitants)\n* [Hérédougou](/wiki/H%C3%A9r%C3%A9dougou \"Hérédougou\") (957 inhabitants)\n* [Kopoï](/wiki/Kopo%C3%AF \"Kopoï\") (2 493 inhabitants)\n* [Koupelé](/wiki/Koupel%C3%A9 \"Koupelé\") (731 inhabitants)\n* [Voho](/wiki/Voho \"Voho\") (1 453 inhabitants)\n* [Yamané](/wiki/Yaman%C3%A9%2C_Bal%C3%A9 \"Yamané, Balé\") (1 820 inhabitants)\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Departments of Burkina Faso](/wiki/Category:Departments_of_Burkina_Faso \"Departments of Burkina Faso\")\n[Category:Balé Province](/wiki/Category:Bal%C3%A9_Province \"Balé Province\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Lochridge, Texas | {
"id": [
8965090
],
"name": [
"Hushpuckena"
]
} | sqj5ui27pfuf0irx2katcg71lom0aql | 2023-12-29T07:20:35Z | 1,192,421,598 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Geography",
"Education",
"Media",
"Gallery",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Lochridge** is an [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area \"Unincorporated area\") located in [Brazoria County](/wiki/Brazoria_County%2C_Texas \"Brazoria County, Texas\"), [Texas](/wiki/Texas \"Texas\"), United States. It formerly had a distinct community. It is located within the [Greater Houston](/wiki/Greater_Houston \"Greater Houston\") metropolitan area.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nLochridge began with a [farm](/wiki/Farm \"Farm\") and a grocery store. A post office was established at Lochridge in 1913, with Blackburn Lochridge as postmaster. He later built a gin and sent telephone service to the area and died in 1929\\. His son Tom maintained the only business in the area until his mother died and moved to Rosharon. There were several scattered houses in the area, alongside the post office, in the 1930s. Lochridge no longer found representation in the Census by 1950\\.\n\n",
"Geography\n---------\n\nLochridge is located on [Texas State Highway 1462](/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_1462 \"Texas State Highway 1462\"), west of [Rosharon](/wiki/Rosharon%2C_Texas \"Rosharon, Texas\") in northwestern Brazoria County.\n\n",
"Education\n---------\n\n[Angleton Independent School District](/wiki/Angleton_Independent_School_District \"Angleton Independent School District\") operates schools in the area. Children in the area attend Frontier Elementary School, Angleton Junior High School, and [Angleton High School](/wiki/Angleton_High_School \"Angleton High School\") in Angleton.\n\n",
"Media\n-----\n\n[KGOW](/wiki/KGOW \"KGOW\") has a daytime transmitter in Lochridge, across from [Brazos Bend State Park](/wiki/Brazos_Bend_State_Park \"Brazos Bend State Park\").\n\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nFile:Lochridge TX Oyster Creek.JPG\\|Sunset over Oyster Creek at the County Road 569 bridge\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Brazoria County, Texas](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Brazoria_County%2C_Texas \"Unincorporated communities in Brazoria County, Texas\")\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Texas](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Texas \"Unincorporated communities in Texas\")\n\n"
]
} |
Job Fair (The Office) | {
"id": [
7426491
],
"name": [
"Nisf"
]
} | dsyf03ytrqv5kn9y2qk5yxzrf4gi9bn | 2024-10-16T17:36:52Z | 1,243,404,422 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Production",
"Reception",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + - \n\t\t\"**Job Fair**\" is the seventeenth episode of the fourth season of the American [comedy](/wiki/Television_comedy \"Television comedy\") television series *[The Office](/wiki/The_Office_%28American_TV_series%29 \"The Office (American TV series)\")* and the show's seventieth episode overall. Written by [Lee Eisenberg](/wiki/Lee_Eisenberg \"Lee Eisenberg\") and [Gene Stupnitsky](/wiki/Gene_Stupnitsky \"Gene Stupnitsky\") and directed by [Tucker Gates](/wiki/Tucker_Gates \"Tucker Gates\"), the episode first aired in the United States on May 8, 2008 on [NBC](/wiki/NBC \"NBC\").\n\nIn the episode, Michael and a few employees go to a high school's job fair to find a summer intern for [Dunder Mifflin](/wiki/Dunder_Mifflin \"Dunder Mifflin\"). However, very few students seem interested in the internship. Meanwhile, Jim attempts to make an important sale by golfing with a potential client. At first the client claims to be not interested in talking about business, but after much negotiation, Jim lands the sale. Back at the office, Dwight is left in charge. Everyone leaves except his ex\\-girlfriend Angela, leading to an awkward day.\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nAfter [Ryan Howard](/wiki/Ryan_Howard_%28The_Office%29 \"Ryan Howard (The Office)\") gives [Jim Halpert](/wiki/Jim_Halpert \"Jim Halpert\") a warning about his job performance, Jim tries to land his biggest client ever. He takes the potential client golfing, bringing along co\\-workers [Andy Bernard](/wiki/Andy_Bernard \"Andy Bernard\") and [Kevin Malone](/wiki/Kevin_Malone \"Kevin Malone\"). When Jim tries to talk business, the client reveals that he is not interested in switching paper suppliers. But after much persistence and negotiation, Jim lands the account.\n\n[Michael Scott](/wiki/Michael_Scott_%28The_Office%29 \"Michael Scott (The Office)\"), [Pam Beesly](/wiki/Pam_Beesly \"Pam Beesly\"), [Oscar Martinez](/wiki/Oscar_Martinez_%28The_Office%29 \"Oscar Martinez (The Office)\") and [Darryl Philbin](/wiki/Darryl_Philbin \"Darryl Philbin\") set up a booth at a local job fair to find a student for [Dunder Mifflin](/wiki/Dunder_Mifflin \"Dunder Mifflin\")’s summer internship but while other companies are prepared and have provided materials and products for their booth, Michael only brought a single white piece of Dunder\\-Mifflin paper. The fair proves unsuccessful, as Michael drives away the only interested student, Justin because he deems Justin not cool enough for him. After everyone else either ignores the booth or tells Michael off, Michael tries to recruit Justin as their intern, only for Justin to call Michael out for treating him badly and walk away. Michael then makes such a commotion that the teacher calls security and has him removed from the fair. After, Pam ventures to a booth advertising [graphic design](/wiki/Graphic_design \"Graphic design\"), where she discovers that she has yet to learn many graphic design programs. The man working at the booth recommends she goes to either [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\") or [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\") to learn about the graphic design technology.\n\nMeanwhile, Michael has left [Dwight Schrute](/wiki/Dwight_Schrute \"Dwight Schrute\") in charge of the office, but none of the employees obey his wishes. When most of the employees leave in the middle of the day, Dwight is left alone except for ex\\-girlfriend [Angela Martin](/wiki/Angela_Martin \"Angela Martin\"), causing the two to interact awkwardly for the rest of the day. When Jim and Pam meet up again in the office, they share two long, passionate kisses having accomplished both of their goals (Jim making the sale and Pam finding out the next step for her future in graphic design).\n\n",
"Production\n----------\n\nThis episode was the third episode of the series directed by [Tucker Gates](/wiki/Tucker_Gates \"Tucker Gates\"). Gates had previously directed the [third season](/wiki/The_Office_%28American_TV_series%29_season_3 \"The Office (American TV series) season 3\") episodes \"[Branch Closing](/wiki/Branch_Closing \"Branch Closing\")\" and \"[Women's Appreciation](/wiki/Women%27s_Appreciation \"Women's Appreciation\")\". \"Job Fair\" was written by [Gene Stupnitsky](/wiki/Gene_Stupnitsky \"Gene Stupnitsky\") and [Lee Eisenberg](/wiki/Lee_Eisenberg \"Lee Eisenberg\").TV.com (May 9, 2008\\) [\"Job Fair\"](http://www.tv.com/the-office/job-fair/episode/1195308/summary.html) TV.com, Retrieved June 22, 2008\n\nIn order to create the blisters that [Andy](/wiki/Andy_Bernard \"Andy Bernard\") had on his hands during the episode, the make\\-up crew had to use Ben Nye sunburn colors, RCMA scar making material, and acetone. The process took twenty to thirty minutes, in which the sunburn colors were applied first and the scar making material was applied last.Eisenberg, Lee (May 13, 2008\\) [Lee Eisenberg answers \"Job Fair\" questions](http://www.officetally.com/lee-eisenberg-answers-job-fair-questions/2/) OfficeTally.com, Retrieved June 22, 2008 [Angela Kinsey](/wiki/Angela_Kinsey \"Angela Kinsey\") was pregnant during shooting. Her character wasn't pregnant, so items (such as a copy machine) were placed between her stomach and the camera to hide her pregnancy. Writer [Lee Eisenberg](/wiki/Lee_Eisenberg \"Lee Eisenberg\") recalled that during editing \"I asked if we had any wider shots. Both [Gene (Stupnitsky)](/wiki/Gene_Stupnitsky \"Gene Stupnitsky\") and Dave Rogers (the editor) reminded me that we were shooting around Angela's enormous belly\".Eisenberg, Lee (May 13, 2008\\) [Lee Eisenberg answers ‘Job Fair’ questions](http://www.officetally.com/lee-eisenberg-answers-job-fair-questions/2/) OfficeTally.com, Retrieved June 22, 2008 Kinsey later gave birth on May 3, five days before the episode premiered.Zap2It (May 5, 2008\\) [*The Office's* Angela Kinsey Gives Birth](http://www.zap2it.com/celebrities/news/zap-angelakinseybabygirl,0,1949432.story?track=rss) Zap2It.com, Retrieved June 23, 2008\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\n\"Job Fair\" received 3\\.6/9 in the ages 18–49 demographic in the [Nielsen ratings](/wiki/Nielsen_ratings \"Nielsen ratings\"). This means that 3\\.6 percent of all households with an 18\\- to 49\\-year\\-old living in it watched the episode, and nine percent had their televisions tuned to the channel at any point. The episode was watched by 7\\.22 million viewers.Seidman, Robert (May 9, 2008\\) [Nielsen Ratings May 8, 2008: Trouble in Shonda\\-land?](http://tvbythenumbers.com/2008/05/09/nielsen-ratings-may-8-2008-trouble-in-shonda-land/3695#more-3695) TVbytheNumbers.com, Retrieved June 22, 2008\n\nReviews for this episode were mixed. Travis Fickett, of [IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\"), criticized parts of the episode, saying that the situation between Dwight and Angela was \"played out so minimalist that virtually nothing develops\" and even though Michael \"gets up and makes an ass of himself\" the resolution \"isn't much of a pay\\-off\". Fickett did say that although \"this may not be the funniest episode, it shows how the series is capable of subtlety and depth.\"Fickett, Travis (May 9, 2008\\) [*The Office*: \"Job Fair\" Review](http://tv.ign.com/articles/872/872868p1.html) [IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\"), Retrieved June 22, 2008 [BuddyTV](/wiki/BuddyTV \"BuddyTV\")'s Oscar Dahl thought that \"Job Fair\" \"had some nice moments, but it was a bit lacking in the comedy department\".Dahl, Oscar (May 8, 2008\\) [*The Office*: \"Job Fair\" Recap](http://www.buddytv.com/articles/the-office/the-office-job-fair-recap-19232.aspx) BuddyTV.com, Retrieved June 22, 2008 Jay Black, from [TV Squad](/wiki/TV_Squad \"TV Squad\"), wrote that Andy \"stole the show\".Black, Jay (May 9, 2008\\) [*The Office*: \"Job Fair\" – VIDEO](http://www.tvsquad.com/2008/05/09/the-office-job-fair/) TVSquad.com, Retrieved June 23, 2008\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [\"Job Fair\"](https://web.archive.org/web/20121113213150/http://www.nbc.com/the-office/episode-guide/season-4/59501/job-fair/episode-417/59762/) at NBC.com\n[Category:The Office (American TV series) season 4 episodes](/wiki/Category:The_Office_%28American_TV_series%29_season_4_episodes \"The Office (American TV series) season 4 episodes\")\n[Category:2008 American television episodes](/wiki/Category:2008_American_television_episodes \"2008 American television episodes\")\n[Category:Television episodes directed by Tucker Gates](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_directed_by_Tucker_Gates \"Television episodes directed by Tucker Gates\")\n\n"
]
} |
Ciril Kotnik | {
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
} | 9xtbko5oczkkk1jy1b7yvnwgx1wtq08 | 2021-12-20T17:11:27Z | 995,422,876 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Sources"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|Ciril Kotnik](/wiki/File:Ciril_Kotnik.jpg \"Ciril Kotnik.jpg\")\n**Ciril Kotnik** (20 December 1895 – 29 June 1948\\) was a [Yugoslav](/wiki/Yugoslavia \"Yugoslavia\") diplomat of [Slovene](/wiki/Slovenes \"Slovenes\") ethnicity.\n\nHe was born in [Ljubljana](/wiki/Ljubljana \"Ljubljana\"), then part the [Austro\\-Hungarian Empire](/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire \"Austro-Hungarian Empire\"), to [Carinthian Slovene](/wiki/Carinthian_Slovene \"Carinthian Slovene\") parents. He attended the Ljubljana Classical Gymnasium, where he became a member of the radical student association *[Preporod](/wiki/Preporod \"Preporod\")* (\"Rebirth\"), which advocated the dissolution of Austria\\-Hungary and the creation of a common state for all [South Slavic peoples](/wiki/South_Slavic_peoples \"South Slavic peoples\"). At the outbreak of the [First Balkan War](/wiki/First_Balkan_War \"First Balkan War\") in 1912, Kotnik volunteered in the Serbian army. After the war, he was awarded the [Karadjordje's star](/wiki/Karadjordje%27s_star \"Karadjordje's star\"), one of the highest military awards in the [Kingdom of Serbia](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia \"Kingdom of Serbia\").\n\nAfter the creation of the [Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs%2C_Croats_and_Slovenes \"Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes\") in 1918, Kotnik was included in the diplomatic service of the new state. He was sent to [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\"), where he worked at the Yugoslav embassy to the [Kingdom of Italy](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29 \"Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)\"). He lived and worked in Rome for more than two decades and married a local woman, Maria Tommassetti.\n\n[thumb\\|Plaque in Rome](/wiki/File:Roma%2C_lapide_Ciril_Kotnik.JPG \"Roma, lapide Ciril Kotnik.JPG\")\nAfter the [Axis invasion of Yugoslavia](/wiki/Axis_invasion_of_Yugoslavia \"Axis invasion of Yugoslavia\") in April 1941, the Yugoslav embassy was closed down and its personnel dismissed. Kotnik was put into [house arrest](/wiki/House_arrest \"House arrest\") in his home in Rome. At the end of 1941, the Royal Yugoslav Government\\-in\\-Exile decided to include Kotnik in the Yugoslav diplomatic delegation to the [Holy See](/wiki/Holy_See \"Holy See\"). He maintained close contacts with the Yugoslav government in [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), the [monarchist](/wiki/Monarchist \"Monarchist\") resistance movement of general [Draža Mihajlović](/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihajlovi%C4%87 \"Draža Mihajlović\"), but was hostile to the [Communist](/wiki/Communist \"Communist\")\\-led [Yugoslav partisans](/wiki/Yugoslav_partisans \"Yugoslav partisans\") of [Josip Broz Tito](/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito \"Josip Broz Tito\").\n\nAfter the [Italian armistice](/wiki/Italian_armistice \"Italian armistice\") in September 1943, Kotnik took advantage of his position of ambassador to the Holy See in order to help many [anti\\-fascists](/wiki/Anti-fascism \"Anti-fascism\") and [Jews](/wiki/Jews \"Jews\") to escape [Nazi German](/wiki/Nazi_German \"Nazi German\") persecution. During this time, he established contacts with the political activist [Janko Kralj](/wiki/Janko_Kralj \"Janko Kralj\"), and Slovene emigrant from [Gorizia](/wiki/Gorizia \"Gorizia\"), who also helped many anti\\-Nazis and Jews to escape persecution. On October 28, 1943, the Nazis arrested Kotnik and jailed him in the prison on [Via Tasso](/wiki/Museum_of_the_Liberation_of_Rome \"Museum of the Liberation of Rome\"). He was submitted to heavy torture, but did not reveal his sources.\n\nAfter the war, he collaborated with the Slovene political emigrants [Miha Krek](/wiki/Miha_Krek \"Miha Krek\") and [Ivan Ahčin](/wiki/Ivan_Ah%C4%8Din \"Ivan Ahčin\") in helping Slovene refugees fleeing from [Socialist Yugoslavia](/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia \"Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\"). Kotnik died in 1948 because of the lesions suffered under torture. In 2007, members of the Jewish community of Rome proposed to erect a monument in his memory.\n\nCiril Kotnik was the cousin of the Slovene philologian and literary historian [Franc Kotnik](/wiki/Franc_Kotnik \"Franc Kotnik\") and of the linguist [Janko Kotnik](/wiki/Janko_Kotnik \"Janko Kotnik\"). His half\\-brother is the missionary [Jaroslav Kotnik](/wiki/Jaroslav_Kotnik \"Jaroslav Kotnik\") from [Trieste](/wiki/Trieste \"Trieste\"). He had three daughters, including the [Italian Canadian](/wiki/Italian_Canadian \"Italian Canadian\") journalist [Dara Kotnik Mancini](/wiki/Dara_Kotnik_Mancini \"Dara Kotnik Mancini\") and Ivanka Kotnik, mother of the Italian politician [Walter Veltroni](/wiki/Walter_Veltroni \"Walter Veltroni\"), former [Mayor of Rome](/wiki/Mayor_of_Rome \"Mayor of Rome\") and former president of the [Democratic Party](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28Italy%29 \"Democratic Party (Italy)\").\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n* [Ivo Jevnikar: Il nonno sloveno di Walter Veltroni](http://www.slov.it/?section=getfile&id=6512bd43d9caa6e02c990b0a82652dca)\n* Walter Veltroni, *La bella politica* (Milano: Rizzoli, 1996\\).\n\n[Category:1895 births](/wiki/Category:1895_births \"1895 births\")\n[Category:1948 deaths](/wiki/Category:1948_deaths \"1948 deaths\")\n[Category:Diplomats from Ljubljana](/wiki/Category:Diplomats_from_Ljubljana \"Diplomats from Ljubljana\")\n[Category:Slovenian Roman Catholics](/wiki/Category:Slovenian_Roman_Catholics \"Slovenian Roman Catholics\")\n[Category:People of Carinthian Slovene descent](/wiki/Category:People_of_Carinthian_Slovene_descent \"People of Carinthian Slovene descent\")\n[Category:Diplomats from Rome](/wiki/Category:Diplomats_from_Rome \"Diplomats from Rome\")\n[Category:Torture victims](/wiki/Category:Torture_victims \"Torture victims\")\n\n"
]
} |
Salvation from Hell | {
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
} | fqij4h0503x8gsexrd8ibxhzpfekidm | 2024-09-03T02:36:07Z | 1,139,550,341 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Salvation from Hell",
"Sources",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"**Salvation from Hell** (Arabic: *Al Najun Min Al Nar*, also translated as *Saved from the Inferno*) was a militant Islamic organization which operated in [Egypt](/wiki/Egypt \"Egypt\") in the 1980s.\n\nDuring a 1989 trial in Egypt, 26 defendants were charged with forming Salvation from Hell, an illegal [paramilitary](/wiki/Paramilitary \"Paramilitary\") organization, in addition to other charges. The Egyptian government broke off ties with [Iran](/wiki/Iran \"Iran\") following allegations that Iran funded the group. [Yasser Borhamy](/wiki/Yasser_Borhamy \"Yasser Borhamy\") was detained for a month in 1987 due to his alleged connection with the assassination attempt against interior minister [Hassan Abu Basha](/wiki/Hassan_Abu_Basha \"Hassan Abu Basha\"). [Hussein al\\-Zawahiri](/wiki/Hussein_al-Zawahiri \"Hussein al-Zawahiri\"), the brother of [Ayman al\\-Zawahiri](/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri \"Ayman al-Zawahiri\") and [Muhammad al\\-Zawahiri](/wiki/Muhammad_al-Zawahiri \"Muhammad al-Zawahiri\"), was convicted for his alleged role in the assassination attempt.\n\n",
"Sources\n-------\n\n* [Egypt: Islamic Fundamentalist Organisations: The Muslim Brotherhood and the Gama'A Al\\-Islamiya (The Islamic Group)](http://www.unhcr.org/publ/RSDCOI/3ae6a6bb8.html) [UNHCR](/wiki/UNHCR \"UNHCR\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Jihadist groups in Egypt](/wiki/Category:Jihadist_groups_in_Egypt \"Jihadist groups in Egypt\")\n[Category:Defunct organizations designated as terrorist in Africa](/wiki/Category:Defunct_organizations_designated_as_terrorist_in_Africa \"Defunct organizations designated as terrorist in Africa\")\n[Category:1980s in Egypt](/wiki/Category:1980s_in_Egypt \"1980s in Egypt\")\n[Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Egypt](/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_organisations_based_in_Egypt \"Paramilitary organisations based in Egypt\")\n\n"
]
} |
Munga | {
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
} | r0ss8hg03hp5acbbibjkq762udd907w | 2022-06-26T02:07:52Z | 944,995,431 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Munga** is a [locality](/wiki/Urban_areas_of_Sweden \"Urban areas of Sweden\") situated in [Västerås Municipality](/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s_Municipality \"Västerås Municipality\"), [Västmanland County](/wiki/V%C3%A4stmanland_County \"Västmanland County\"), [Sweden](/wiki/Sweden \"Sweden\") with 212 inhabitants in 2010\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Populated places in Västmanland County](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_V%C3%A4stmanland_County \"Populated places in Västmanland County\")\n[Category:Populated places in Västerås Municipality](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s_Municipality \"Populated places in Västerås Municipality\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Bae Min-hee | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"172.56.232.122"
]
} | dwuqwghjx52ydmwhr0gqbhelfq1vtai | 2024-10-16T09:11:06Z | 1,214,724,545 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Bae Min\\-hee** (; born July 11, 1988\\) is a South Korean [handball](/wiki/Team_handball \"Team handball\") player who competed at the [2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics \"2008 Summer Olympics\").\n\nIn 2008, she won a bronze medal with the [South Korean team](/wiki/South_Korea_women%27s_national_handball_team \"South Korea women's national handball team\").\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games](http://en.beijing2008.cn/)\n[Category:1988 births](/wiki/Category:1988_births \"1988 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:South Korean female handball players](/wiki/Category:South_Korean_female_handball_players \"South Korean female handball players\")\n[Category:Olympic handball players for South Korea](/wiki/Category:Olympic_handball_players_for_South_Korea \"Olympic handball players for South Korea\")\n[Category:Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Handball_players_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics \"Handball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for South Korea](/wiki/Category:Olympic_bronze_medalists_for_South_Korea \"Olympic bronze medalists for South Korea\")\n[Category:Olympic medalists in handball](/wiki/Category:Olympic_medalists_in_handball \"Olympic medalists in handball\")\n[Category:Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics \"Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Asian Games medalists in handball](/wiki/Category:Asian_Games_medalists_in_handball \"Asian Games medalists in handball\")\n[Category:Handball players at the 2010 Asian Games](/wiki/Category:Handball_players_at_the_2010_Asian_Games \"Handball players at the 2010 Asian Games\")\n[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea](/wiki/Category:Asian_Games_bronze_medalists_for_South_Korea \"Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea\")\n[Category:Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games](/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_2010_Asian_Games \"Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Gyeonggi Province](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Gyeonggi_Province \"Sportspeople from Gyeonggi Province\")\n[Category:20th\\-century South Korean women](/wiki/Category:20th-century_South_Korean_women \"20th-century South Korean women\")\n[Category:21st\\-century South Korean women](/wiki/Category:21st-century_South_Korean_women \"21st-century South Korean women\")\n[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Place_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Place of birth missing (living people)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
2006 Calgary Roughnecks season | {
"id": [
27015025
],
"name": [
"InternetArchiveBot"
]
} | mgcbho2drz5ljuojkwny82gv5zhufid | 2022-05-26T02:12:24Z | 1,089,251,481 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Regular season",
"Conference standings",
"Game log",
"Playoffs",
"Game log",
"Player stats",
"Runners (Top 10)",
"Goaltenders",
"Awards",
"Transactions",
"Trades",
"Roster",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2
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"content": [
"\nThe [Calgary Roughnecks](/wiki/Calgary_Roughnecks \"Calgary Roughnecks\") are a [lacrosse](/wiki/Indoor_lacrosse \"Indoor lacrosse\") team based in [Calgary, Alberta](/wiki/Calgary%2C_Alberta \"Calgary, Alberta\") playing in the [National Lacrosse League](/wiki/National_Lacrosse_League \"National Lacrosse League\") (NLL). The [2006 season](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\") was the 5th in franchise history.\n\nThe Roughnecks finished third in the west but lost to [Colorado](/wiki/Colorado_Mammoth \"Colorado Mammoth\") in the division semi\\-finals.\n\n",
"Regular season\n--------------\n\n### Conference standings\n\n### Game log\n\nReference: \n\n",
"### Conference standings\n\n",
"### Game log\n\nReference: \n\n",
"Playoffs\n--------\n\n### Game log\n\nReference: \n\n",
"### Game log\n\nReference: \n\n",
"Player stats\n------------\n\nReference:\n### Runners (Top 10\\)\n\n*Note: GP \\= Games played; G \\= Goals; A \\= Assists; Pts \\= Points; LB \\= Loose Balls; PIM \\= Penalty minutes*\n\n| Player | GP | G | A | Pts | LB | PIM |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Lewis Ratcliff](/wiki/Lewis_Ratcliff \"Lewis Ratcliff\") | 16 | 37 | 54 | 91 | 94 | 4 |\n| [Tracey Kelusky](/wiki/Tracey_Kelusky \"Tracey Kelusky\") | 16 | 35 | 34 | 69 | 75 | 17 |\n| [Kaleb Toth](/wiki/Kaleb_Toth \"Kaleb Toth\") | 16 | 22 | 33 | 55 | 69 | 27 |\n| Jason Wulder | 16 | 24 | 24 | 48 | 87 | 13 |\n| Kyle Goundrey | 16 | 14 | 34 | 48 | 59 | 6 |\n| Kevin Dostie | 14 | 18 | 20 | 38 | 72 | 13 |\n| [Taylor Wray](/wiki/Taylor_Wray \"Taylor Wray\") | 14 | 6 | 16 | 22 | 102 | 33 |\n| Grant Hamilton | 14 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 74 | 12 |\n| Travis Gillespie | 9 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 48 | 13 |\n| **Totals** | | **291** | **474** | **362** | **1111** | **38** |\n\n### Goaltenders\n\n*Note: GP \\= Games played; MIN \\= Minutes; W \\= Wins; L \\= Losses; GA \\= Goals against; Sv% \\= Save percentage; GAA \\= Goals against average*\n\n| Player | GP | MIN | W | L | GA | Sv% | GAA |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Curtis Palidwor](/wiki/Curtis_Palidwor \"Curtis Palidwor\") | 16 | 819:15 | 8 | 5 | 146 | .791 | 10\\.69 |\n| Andrew Leyshon | 14 | 147:02 | 1 | 2 | 31 | .735 | 12\\.65 |\n| [Ryan Avery](/wiki/Ryan_Avery_%28lacrosse%29 \"Ryan Avery (lacrosse)\") | 2 | 1:24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1\\.000 | .00 |\n| **Totals** | | | **9** | **7** | **178** | **.783** | **11\\.13** |\n\n",
"### Runners (Top 10\\)\n\n*Note: GP \\= Games played; G \\= Goals; A \\= Assists; Pts \\= Points; LB \\= Loose Balls; PIM \\= Penalty minutes*\n\n| Player | GP | G | A | Pts | LB | PIM |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Lewis Ratcliff](/wiki/Lewis_Ratcliff \"Lewis Ratcliff\") | 16 | 37 | 54 | 91 | 94 | 4 |\n| [Tracey Kelusky](/wiki/Tracey_Kelusky \"Tracey Kelusky\") | 16 | 35 | 34 | 69 | 75 | 17 |\n| [Kaleb Toth](/wiki/Kaleb_Toth \"Kaleb Toth\") | 16 | 22 | 33 | 55 | 69 | 27 |\n| Jason Wulder | 16 | 24 | 24 | 48 | 87 | 13 |\n| Kyle Goundrey | 16 | 14 | 34 | 48 | 59 | 6 |\n| Kevin Dostie | 14 | 18 | 20 | 38 | 72 | 13 |\n| [Taylor Wray](/wiki/Taylor_Wray \"Taylor Wray\") | 14 | 6 | 16 | 22 | 102 | 33 |\n| Grant Hamilton | 14 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 74 | 12 |\n| Travis Gillespie | 9 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 48 | 13 |\n| **Totals** | | **291** | **474** | **362** | **1111** | **38** |\n\n",
"### Goaltenders\n\n*Note: GP \\= Games played; MIN \\= Minutes; W \\= Wins; L \\= Losses; GA \\= Goals against; Sv% \\= Save percentage; GAA \\= Goals against average*\n\n| Player | GP | MIN | W | L | GA | Sv% | GAA |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Curtis Palidwor](/wiki/Curtis_Palidwor \"Curtis Palidwor\") | 16 | 819:15 | 8 | 5 | 146 | .791 | 10\\.69 |\n| Andrew Leyshon | 14 | 147:02 | 1 | 2 | 31 | .735 | 12\\.65 |\n| [Ryan Avery](/wiki/Ryan_Avery_%28lacrosse%29 \"Ryan Avery (lacrosse)\") | 2 | 1:24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1\\.000 | .00 |\n| **Totals** | | | **9** | **7** | **178** | **.783** | **11\\.13** |\n\n",
"Awards\n------\n\n| Player | Award |\n| [Lewis Ratcliff](/wiki/Lewis_Ratcliff \"Lewis Ratcliff\") | Second Team All\\-Pro |\n| [Tracey Kelusky](/wiki/Tracey_Kelusky \"Tracey Kelusky\") | All\\-Stars |\n| Lewis Ratcliff |\n| [Kaleb Toth](/wiki/Kaleb_Toth \"Kaleb Toth\") |\n| [Andrew Turner](/wiki/Andrew_Turner_%28lacrosse%29 \"Andrew Turner (lacrosse)\") |\n",
"Transactions\n------------\n\n### Trades\n\n| March 14, [2006](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\") | To [Calgary Roughnecks](/wiki/Calgary_Roughnecks \"Calgary Roughnecks\") --- second round pick, 2006 entry draftthird round pick, 2006 entry draft | To [Minnesota Swarm](/wiki/Minnesota_Swarm \"Minnesota Swarm\") --- Andrew Biers |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| March 10, [2006](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\") | To [Calgary Roughnecks](/wiki/Calgary_Roughnecks \"Calgary Roughnecks\") --- Ted Dowling | To [Portland LumberJax](/wiki/Portland_LumberJax \"Portland LumberJax\") --- Ryan Marshallconditional pick, 2006 entry draft |\n| February 21, [2006](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\") | To [Calgary Roughnecks](/wiki/Calgary_Roughnecks \"Calgary Roughnecks\") --- [Ryan Avery](/wiki/Ryan_Avery_%28lacrosse%29 \"Ryan Avery (lacrosse)\") | To [Buffalo Bandits](/wiki/Buffalo_Bandits \"Buffalo Bandits\") --- first round pick, 2006 entry draft |\n\n",
"### Trades\n\n| March 14, [2006](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\") | To [Calgary Roughnecks](/wiki/Calgary_Roughnecks \"Calgary Roughnecks\") --- second round pick, 2006 entry draftthird round pick, 2006 entry draft | To [Minnesota Swarm](/wiki/Minnesota_Swarm \"Minnesota Swarm\") --- Andrew Biers |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| March 10, [2006](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\") | To [Calgary Roughnecks](/wiki/Calgary_Roughnecks \"Calgary Roughnecks\") --- Ted Dowling | To [Portland LumberJax](/wiki/Portland_LumberJax \"Portland LumberJax\") --- Ryan Marshallconditional pick, 2006 entry draft |\n| February 21, [2006](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\") | To [Calgary Roughnecks](/wiki/Calgary_Roughnecks \"Calgary Roughnecks\") --- [Ryan Avery](/wiki/Ryan_Avery_%28lacrosse%29 \"Ryan Avery (lacrosse)\") | To [Buffalo Bandits](/wiki/Buffalo_Bandits \"Buffalo Bandits\") --- first round pick, 2006 entry draft |\n\n",
"Roster\n------\n\nReference:\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [2006 NLL season](/wiki/2006_NLL_season \"2006 NLL season\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Calgary](/wiki/Category:2006_in_lacrosse \"2006 in lacrosse\")\n\n"
]
} |
Louis Aucoc | {
"id": [
4796325
],
"name": [
"Randy Kryn"
]
} | jm9u6t2nduz3nmxz0zuyjouq8t10m8l | 2024-09-26T14:34:45Z | 1,215,445,167 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Louis Aucoc** (21 September 1850 [Paris](/wiki/Paris \"Paris\") – 10 December 1932 Paris), was a leading Parisian [Art Nouveau](/wiki/Art_Nouveau \"Art Nouveau\") jeweller and goldsmith, working with his father and brother André.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\nThe Aucoc family firm at 6 [Rue de la Paix](/wiki/Rue_de_la_Paix \"Rue de la Paix\") was established in Paris in 1821*The Burlington Magazine*, Vol. 137, No. 1111 (Oct., 1995\\), pp. 684\\-687 and was patronised by the house of [King Louis Philippe](/wiki/Louis-Philippe_of_France \"Louis-Philippe of France\"), the [House of Orléans](/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans \"House of Orléans\"), [Napoleon III](/wiki/Napoleon_III \"Napoleon III\") and [Empress Eugenie](/wiki/Empress_Eugenie \"Empress Eugenie\"). The shop is mentioned in the first chapter of *[The Lady of the Camellias](/wiki/The_Lady_of_the_Camellias \"The Lady of the Camellias\")* (French: La Dame aux camélias, published in 1848\\).\n\nFrom 1874 to 1876, [René Lalique](/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lalique \"René Lalique\") was an apprentice to Aucoc. Lalique would later become a defining figure in the art nouveau movement.\n\nThe business left the hands of the Aucoc family in 1932\\.\n\nLouis Aucoc married Micheline Louise Isaiah Rondeleux on 4 June 1872 and had three children \\- Georges who will marry the actress [Odette Talazac](/wiki/Odette_Talazac \"Odette Talazac\"), René and a daughter Marie Louise who married André la Ferté. LGBTQ\\+ activist [Fabrice Houdart](/wiki/Fabrice_Houdart \"Fabrice Houdart\") is the great grandson of their daughter Simone la Ferté. \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:1850 births](/wiki/Category:1850_births \"1850 births\")\n[Category:1932 deaths](/wiki/Category:1932_deaths \"1932 deaths\")\n[Category:Art Nouveau designers](/wiki/Category:Art_Nouveau_designers \"Art Nouveau designers\")\n[Category:French jewellery designers](/wiki/Category:French_jewellery_designers \"French jewellery designers\")\n[Category:French jewellers](/wiki/Category:French_jewellers \"French jewellers\")\n[Category:Artists from Paris](/wiki/Category:Artists_from_Paris \"Artists from Paris\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Alan O'Donoghue | {
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
} | hrinh45m24pl36k6j6cgryawtmzcz6a | 2023-08-02T11:08:27Z | 1,168,362,233 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Denis Aloysius \"Alan\" O'Donognue** (3 June 1891 – 10 February 1959\\) was an [Australian rules footballer](/wiki/Australian_rules_football \"Australian rules football\") who played for [Richmond](/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club \"Richmond Football Club\") and [South Melbourne](/wiki/Sydney_Swans \"Sydney Swans\") in the [VFL](/wiki/Australian_Football_League \"Australian Football League\").\n\nO'Donognue was both a follower and key position player. He started his career at Richmond but only managed the one season and in 1914 made his debut for South Melbourne. In that year's Grand Final he played as a centre half forward in their losing side. He was a member of South Melbourne's 1918 premiership team though, in what would be his last game of league football he was a centre half back in their five\\-point win over Collingwood.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1891 births](/wiki/Category:1891_births \"1891 births\")\n[Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)](/wiki/Category:Australian_rules_footballers_from_Victoria_%28state%29 \"Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)\")\n[Category:Sydney Swans players](/wiki/Category:Sydney_Swans_players \"Sydney Swans players\")\n[Category:Sydney Swans premiership players](/wiki/Category:Sydney_Swans_premiership_players \"Sydney Swans premiership players\")\n[Category:Richmond Football Club players](/wiki/Category:Richmond_Football_Club_players \"Richmond Football Club players\")\n[Category:Leopold Football Club (MJFA) players](/wiki/Category:Leopold_Football_Club_%28MJFA%29_players \"Leopold Football Club (MJFA) players\")\n[Category:1959 deaths](/wiki/Category:1959_deaths \"1959 deaths\")\n[Category:VFL/AFL premiership players](/wiki/Category:VFL/AFL_premiership_players \"VFL/AFL premiership players\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Shire of Albert | {
"id": [
45215721
],
"name": [
"Totallynotarandomalt69"
]
} | 4dlxuzultyjfz7xwf5mb5n4ry1vy15a | 2024-03-29T10:02:37Z | 1,216,142,442 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Divisional Boards",
"Shires and towns",
"Amalgamations in 1948",
"Suburban growth",
"Towns and localities",
"Chairmen and mayors",
"Population",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
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"content": [
"\n\nThe **Shire of Albert** was a [local government area](/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia \"Local government in Australia\") in [Queensland](/wiki/Queensland \"Queensland\"), located south of the capital, [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"), and taking in areas to the north and west of the [Gold Coast](/wiki/Gold_Coast%2C_Queensland \"Gold Coast, Queensland\"). It was named after the Prince Consort of the United Kingdom, and husband of [Queen Victoria](/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom \"Victoria of the United Kingdom\"), [Prince Albert](/wiki/Albert%2C_Prince_Consort \"Albert, Prince Consort\"). When created in 1948, it was primarily a rural area, but its growth started in earnest in the late 1960s with the development of Logan on Brisbane's southern frontier. After the separate creation of [Logan](/wiki/Logan_City%2C_Queensland \"Logan City, Queensland\") as a shire (later City) in 1978, Albert lost most of its population and became more centred upon the Gold Coast, which experienced a massive period of growth from then until the Shire's amalgamation with the [City of Gold Coast](/wiki/City_of_Gold_Coast \"City of Gold Coast\") in 1995\\.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Divisional Boards\n\nBy the late 1870s, the [Government of Queensland](/wiki/Government_of_Queensland \"Government of Queensland\") had become preoccupied with the idea of getting local residents to pay through rates for local services, which had become a massive cost to the colony and were undermaintained in many areas. The [McIlwraith](/wiki/Thomas_McIlwraith \"Thomas McIlwraith\") government initiated the *Divisional Boards Act 1879* which created a system of elected divisional boards covering most of Queensland. It was assented by the Governor on 2 October 1879, and on 11 November 1879, the Governor gazetted a list of 74 divisions which would come into existence. Four of these—[Nerang](/wiki/Shire_of_Nerang \"Shire of Nerang\"), [Coomera](/wiki/Shire_of_Coomera \"Shire of Coomera\"), [Beenleigh](/wiki/Shire_of_Beenleigh \"Shire of Beenleigh\") and [Waterford](/wiki/Shire_of_Waterford \"Shire of Waterford\")—were in the Gold Coast region. Town dwellers had different needs to the rural landholders so Southport ratepayers lobbied the Queensland Government to create a separate Divisional Board so that rates monies raised by [Southport](/wiki/Southport%2C_Queensland \"Southport, Queensland\") landholders could be spent on town improvements. This resulted in the [Southport Divisional Board](/wiki/Town_of_Southport \"Town of Southport\") on 14 July 1883\\.\n\n### Shires and towns\n\nOn 31 March 1903, following the enactment of the *Local Authorities Act 1902*, the divisions became shires. On 12 June 1914, the [Coolangatta](/wiki/Town_of_Coolangatta \"Town of Coolangatta\") was created from part of the Shire of Nerang, and on 12 April 1918, Southport became a Town.\n\n### Amalgamations in 1948\n\nOn 9 December 1948, as part of a major reorganisation of local government in [South East Queensland](/wiki/South_East_Queensland \"South East Queensland\"), an Order in Council replacing ten former local government areas between the [City of Brisbane](/wiki/City_of_Brisbane \"City of Brisbane\") and the [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\") border with only four. The former ten were:\n* [Beaudesert](/wiki/Shire_of_Beaudesert \"Shire of Beaudesert\")\n* [Beenleigh](/wiki/Shire_of_Beenleigh \"Shire of Beenleigh\")\n* [Cleveland](/wiki/Shire_of_Cleveland \"Shire of Cleveland\")\n* [Coolangatta](/wiki/Town_of_Coolangatta \"Town of Coolangatta\")\n* [Coomera](/wiki/Shire_of_Coomera \"Shire of Coomera\")\n* [Nerang](/wiki/Shire_of_Nerang \"Shire of Nerang\")\n* [Southport](/wiki/Town_of_Southport \"Town of Southport\")\n* [Tamborine](/wiki/Shire_of_Tamborine \"Shire of Tamborine\")\n* [Tingalpa](/wiki/Shire_of_Tingalpa \"Shire of Tingalpa\")\n* [Waterford](/wiki/Shire_of_Waterford \"Shire of Waterford\")\n\nThe four resulting local government areas were:\n* the new Shire of Albert: a merger of Beenleigh, Coomera, Nerang (except for the [Burleigh Heads](/wiki/Burleigh_Heads%2C_Queensland \"Burleigh Heads, Queensland\") area), the southern part of Tingalpa and the eastern part of Waterford\n* an enlarged Shire of Beaudesert, an amalgamation of Beaudesert and Tamborine with the western part of Waterford\n* [Town of South Coast](/wiki/Town_of_South_Coast \"Town of South Coast\"), an amalgamation of the Towns of Southport and Coolangatta with the Burleigh Heads part of Nerang (which later became [City of Gold Coast](/wiki/City_of_Gold_Coast \"City of Gold Coast\"))\n* the new [Redland Shire](/wiki/Redland_Shire \"Redland Shire\"), an amalgamation of Cleveland and the northern part of Tingalpa (which later became [Redland City](/wiki/Redland_City \"Redland City\"))\nThe Order came into effect on 10 June 1949, when the first elections were held.\n\n### Suburban growth\n\nThe northern part of the Shire expanded rapidly from the late 1960s onwards with the development of the Logan area, which had become a southeastern suburban growth corridor for [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"). A report produced in 1970 was the Albert Shire's first attempt at town planning. The first approved plan wasn't released until 1973\\. On 8 June 1978, the [Shire of Logan](/wiki/Logan_City \"Logan City\") was separately incorporated, and Albert lost of its area and 54,650 people in the change—almost three\\-quarters of its population. The effect of this change was to transform Albert into a purely Gold Coast\\-area council. With the astronomic growth levels experienced by the Gold Coast area from the late 1970s onwards, the new Albert grew from 18,753 at the 1976 census to 143,697 in 1991\\.\n\nOn 19 March 1992, the [Electoral and Administrative Review Commission](/wiki/Electoral_and_Administrative_Review_Commission \"Electoral and Administrative Review Commission\"), created two years earlier, produced its report *External Boundaries of Local Authorities*, and recommended a number of changes to local government boundaries and the amalgamation of some local governments. Although their recommendations only included boundary adjustments between [City of Gold Coast](/wiki/City_of_Gold_Coast \"City of Gold Coast\") and Albert Shire, the outcome following much public debate was a decision by the [Queensland Government](/wiki/Queensland_Government \"Queensland Government\") to absorb Albert Shire into Gold Coast City. The *Local Government (Albert, Beaudesert and Gold Coast) Regulation 1994* was gazetted on 16 December 1994, resulting in the amalgamation of the Shire of Albert into Gold Coast City at the [1995 local government elections](/wiki/1995_Queensland_local_elections \"1995 Queensland local elections\").\n\n",
"### Divisional Boards\n\nBy the late 1870s, the [Government of Queensland](/wiki/Government_of_Queensland \"Government of Queensland\") had become preoccupied with the idea of getting local residents to pay through rates for local services, which had become a massive cost to the colony and were undermaintained in many areas. The [McIlwraith](/wiki/Thomas_McIlwraith \"Thomas McIlwraith\") government initiated the *Divisional Boards Act 1879* which created a system of elected divisional boards covering most of Queensland. It was assented by the Governor on 2 October 1879, and on 11 November 1879, the Governor gazetted a list of 74 divisions which would come into existence. Four of these—[Nerang](/wiki/Shire_of_Nerang \"Shire of Nerang\"), [Coomera](/wiki/Shire_of_Coomera \"Shire of Coomera\"), [Beenleigh](/wiki/Shire_of_Beenleigh \"Shire of Beenleigh\") and [Waterford](/wiki/Shire_of_Waterford \"Shire of Waterford\")—were in the Gold Coast region. Town dwellers had different needs to the rural landholders so Southport ratepayers lobbied the Queensland Government to create a separate Divisional Board so that rates monies raised by [Southport](/wiki/Southport%2C_Queensland \"Southport, Queensland\") landholders could be spent on town improvements. This resulted in the [Southport Divisional Board](/wiki/Town_of_Southport \"Town of Southport\") on 14 July 1883\\.\n\n",
"### Shires and towns\n\nOn 31 March 1903, following the enactment of the *Local Authorities Act 1902*, the divisions became shires. On 12 June 1914, the [Coolangatta](/wiki/Town_of_Coolangatta \"Town of Coolangatta\") was created from part of the Shire of Nerang, and on 12 April 1918, Southport became a Town.\n\n",
"### Amalgamations in 1948\n\nOn 9 December 1948, as part of a major reorganisation of local government in [South East Queensland](/wiki/South_East_Queensland \"South East Queensland\"), an Order in Council replacing ten former local government areas between the [City of Brisbane](/wiki/City_of_Brisbane \"City of Brisbane\") and the [New South Wales](/wiki/New_South_Wales \"New South Wales\") border with only four. The former ten were:\n* [Beaudesert](/wiki/Shire_of_Beaudesert \"Shire of Beaudesert\")\n* [Beenleigh](/wiki/Shire_of_Beenleigh \"Shire of Beenleigh\")\n* [Cleveland](/wiki/Shire_of_Cleveland \"Shire of Cleveland\")\n* [Coolangatta](/wiki/Town_of_Coolangatta \"Town of Coolangatta\")\n* [Coomera](/wiki/Shire_of_Coomera \"Shire of Coomera\")\n* [Nerang](/wiki/Shire_of_Nerang \"Shire of Nerang\")\n* [Southport](/wiki/Town_of_Southport \"Town of Southport\")\n* [Tamborine](/wiki/Shire_of_Tamborine \"Shire of Tamborine\")\n* [Tingalpa](/wiki/Shire_of_Tingalpa \"Shire of Tingalpa\")\n* [Waterford](/wiki/Shire_of_Waterford \"Shire of Waterford\")\n\nThe four resulting local government areas were:\n* the new Shire of Albert: a merger of Beenleigh, Coomera, Nerang (except for the [Burleigh Heads](/wiki/Burleigh_Heads%2C_Queensland \"Burleigh Heads, Queensland\") area), the southern part of Tingalpa and the eastern part of Waterford\n* an enlarged Shire of Beaudesert, an amalgamation of Beaudesert and Tamborine with the western part of Waterford\n* [Town of South Coast](/wiki/Town_of_South_Coast \"Town of South Coast\"), an amalgamation of the Towns of Southport and Coolangatta with the Burleigh Heads part of Nerang (which later became [City of Gold Coast](/wiki/City_of_Gold_Coast \"City of Gold Coast\"))\n* the new [Redland Shire](/wiki/Redland_Shire \"Redland Shire\"), an amalgamation of Cleveland and the northern part of Tingalpa (which later became [Redland City](/wiki/Redland_City \"Redland City\"))\nThe Order came into effect on 10 June 1949, when the first elections were held.\n\n",
"### Suburban growth\n\nThe northern part of the Shire expanded rapidly from the late 1960s onwards with the development of the Logan area, which had become a southeastern suburban growth corridor for [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"). A report produced in 1970 was the Albert Shire's first attempt at town planning. The first approved plan wasn't released until 1973\\. On 8 June 1978, the [Shire of Logan](/wiki/Logan_City \"Logan City\") was separately incorporated, and Albert lost of its area and 54,650 people in the change—almost three\\-quarters of its population. The effect of this change was to transform Albert into a purely Gold Coast\\-area council. With the astronomic growth levels experienced by the Gold Coast area from the late 1970s onwards, the new Albert grew from 18,753 at the 1976 census to 143,697 in 1991\\.\n\nOn 19 March 1992, the [Electoral and Administrative Review Commission](/wiki/Electoral_and_Administrative_Review_Commission \"Electoral and Administrative Review Commission\"), created two years earlier, produced its report *External Boundaries of Local Authorities*, and recommended a number of changes to local government boundaries and the amalgamation of some local governments. Although their recommendations only included boundary adjustments between [City of Gold Coast](/wiki/City_of_Gold_Coast \"City of Gold Coast\") and Albert Shire, the outcome following much public debate was a decision by the [Queensland Government](/wiki/Queensland_Government \"Queensland Government\") to absorb Albert Shire into Gold Coast City. The *Local Government (Albert, Beaudesert and Gold Coast) Regulation 1994* was gazetted on 16 December 1994, resulting in the amalgamation of the Shire of Albert into Gold Coast City at the [1995 local government elections](/wiki/1995_Queensland_local_elections \"1995 Queensland local elections\").\n\n",
"Towns and localities\n--------------------\n\n[thumb\\|Sugar cane at Steiglitz, 2014](/wiki/File:Sugar_cane_fields_Steiglitz.jpg \"Sugar cane fields Steiglitz.jpg\")\n\nThe Shire of Albert included the following settlements:\n\n**Gold Coast suburbs:**\n* [Broadbeach Waters](/wiki/Broadbeach_Waters%2C_Queensland \"Broadbeach Waters, Queensland\")\n* [Burleigh Waters](/wiki/Burleigh_Waters%2C_Queensland \"Burleigh Waters, Queensland\")\n* [Carrara](/wiki/Carrara%2C_Queensland \"Carrara, Queensland\")\n* [Clear Island Waters](/wiki/Clear_Island_Waters%2C_Queensland \"Clear Island Waters, Queensland\")\n* [Coomera](/wiki/Coomera%2C_Queensland \"Coomera, Queensland\")\n* [Currumbin Waters](/wiki/Currumbin_Waters%2C_Queensland \"Currumbin Waters, Queensland\")\n* [Elanora](/wiki/Elanora%2C_Queensland \"Elanora, Queensland\")\n* [Gaven](/wiki/Gaven%2C_Queensland \"Gaven, Queensland\")\n* [Helensvale](/wiki/Helensvale%2C_Queensland \"Helensvale, Queensland\")\n* [Highland Park](/wiki/Highland_Park%2C_Queensland \"Highland Park, Queensland\")\n* [Hope Island](/wiki/Hope_Island%2C_Queensland \"Hope Island, Queensland\")\n* [Mermaid Waters](/wiki/Mermaid_Waters%2C_Queensland \"Mermaid Waters, Queensland\")\n* [Merrimac](/wiki/Merrimac%2C_Queensland \"Merrimac, Queensland\")\n* [Nerang](/wiki/Nerang%2C_Queensland \"Nerang, Queensland\")\n* [Oxenford](/wiki/Oxenford%2C_Queensland \"Oxenford, Queensland\")\n* [Pacific Pines](/wiki/Pacific_Pines%2C_Queensland \"Pacific Pines, Queensland\")\n* [Robina](/wiki/Robina%2C_Queensland \"Robina, Queensland\")\n* [Upper Coomera](/wiki/Upper_Coomera%2C_Queensland \"Upper Coomera, Queensland\")\n* [Varsity Lakes](/wiki/Varsity_Lakes%2C_Queensland \"Varsity Lakes, Queensland\")\n\n**Northern Albert region:**\n* [Alberton](/wiki/Alberton%2C_Queensland \"Alberton, Queensland\")\n* [Cedar Creek](/wiki/Cedar_Creek%2C_Queensland_%28Logan_%26_Gold_Coast%29 \"Cedar Creek, Queensland (Logan & Gold Coast)\")\n* [Gilberton](/wiki/Gilberton%2C_Queensland_%28Gold_Coast%29 \"Gilberton, Queensland (Gold Coast)\")\n* [Guanaba](/wiki/Guanaba%2C_Queensland \"Guanaba, Queensland\")\n* [Jacobs Well](/wiki/Jacobs_Well%2C_Queensland \"Jacobs Well, Queensland\")\n* [Kingsholme](/wiki/Kingsholme%2C_Queensland \"Kingsholme, Queensland\")\n* [Luscombe](/wiki/Luscombe%2C_Queensland \"Luscombe, Queensland\")\n* [Maudsland](/wiki/Maudsland%2C_Queensland \"Maudsland, Queensland\")\n* [Norwell](/wiki/Norwell%2C_Queensland \"Norwell, Queensland\")\n* [Ormeau](/wiki/Ormeau%2C_Queensland \"Ormeau, Queensland\")\n* [Ormeau Hills](/wiki/Ormeau_Hills%2C_Queensland \"Ormeau Hills, Queensland\")\n* [Pimpama](/wiki/Pimpama%2C_Queensland \"Pimpama, Queensland\")\n* [South Stradbroke Island](/wiki/South_Stradbroke_Island%2C_Queensland \"South Stradbroke Island, Queensland\")\n* [Southern Moreton Bay Islands](/wiki/Southern_Moreton_Bay_Islands%2C_Queensland \"Southern Moreton Bay Islands, Queensland\")\n* [Stapylton](/wiki/Stapylton%2C_Queensland \"Stapylton, Queensland\")\n* [Steiglitz](/wiki/Steiglitz%2C_Queensland \"Steiglitz, Queensland\")\n* [Willow Vale](/wiki/Willow_Vale%2C_Queensland \"Willow Vale, Queensland\")1\n* [Wongawallan](/wiki/Wongawallan%2C_Queensland \"Wongawallan, Queensland\")\n* [Woongoolba](/wiki/Woongoolba%2C_Queensland \"Woongoolba, Queensland\")\n* [Yatala](/wiki/Yatala%2C_Queensland \"Yatala, Queensland\")\n\n**Western Albert region:**\n* [Advancetown](/wiki/Advancetown%2C_Queensland \"Advancetown, Queensland\")\n* [Austinville](/wiki/Austinville%2C_Queensland \"Austinville, Queensland\")\n* [Bonogin](/wiki/Bonogin%2C_Queensland \"Bonogin, Queensland\")\n* [Clagiraba](/wiki/Clagiraba%2C_Queensland \"Clagiraba, Queensland\")\n* [Currumbin Valley](/wiki/Currumbin_Valley%2C_Queensland \"Currumbin Valley, Queensland\")\n* [Gilston](/wiki/Gilston%2C_Queensland \"Gilston, Queensland\")\n* [Lower Beechmont](/wiki/Lower_Beechmont%2C_Queensland \"Lower Beechmont, Queensland\")\n* [Mount Nathan](/wiki/Mount_Nathan%2C_Queensland \"Mount Nathan, Queensland\")\n* [Mudgeeraba](/wiki/Mudgeeraba%2C_Queensland \"Mudgeeraba, Queensland\")\n* [Natural Bridge](/wiki/Natural_Bridge%2C_Queensland \"Natural Bridge, Queensland\")\n* [Neranwood](/wiki/Neranwood%2C_Queensland \"Neranwood, Queensland\")\n* [Numinbah Valley](/wiki/Numinbah_Valley%2C_Queensland \"Numinbah Valley, Queensland\")\n* [Reedy Creek](/wiki/Reedy_Creek%2C_Queensland \"Reedy Creek, Queensland\")\n* [Springbrook](/wiki/Springbrook%2C_Queensland \"Springbrook, Queensland\")\n* [Tallebudgera](/wiki/Tallebudgera%2C_Queensland \"Tallebudgera, Queensland\")\n* [Tallebudgera Valley](/wiki/Tallebudgera_Valley%2C_Queensland \"Tallebudgera Valley, Queensland\")\n* [Tallai](/wiki/Tallai%2C_Queensland \"Tallai, Queensland\")\n* [Worongary](/wiki/Worongary%2C_Queensland \"Worongary, Queensland\")\n\n1 \\- not to be confused with [Willowvale](/wiki/Willowvale%2C_Queensland \"Willowvale, Queensland\") of the [Southern Downs Region](/wiki/Southern_Downs_Region \"Southern Downs Region\")\n\n",
"Chairmen and mayors\n-------------------\n\nThe following served as chairmen of the Shire of Albert:\n\n| Chairman | Term |\n| --- | --- |\n| [Eric Gaven](/wiki/Eric_Gaven \"Eric Gaven\") | 1949–1950 |\n| Frank Oxenford | 1950–1952 |\n| Alex Clark | 1952–1958 |\n| [Russ Hinze](/wiki/Russ_Hinze \"Russ Hinze\") | 1958–1967 |\n| Hugh Dunstan Muntz | 1967–1982 |\n| Bill Laver | 1982–1994 |\n| Ray Stevens | 1994–1995 |\n\nIn 1993, the *Local Government Act Number 70* was introduced; it included that all heads of local government councils should be known as mayors and all other elected representatives were to be known as councillors.\n\n",
"Population\n----------\n\nThe population of the Albert region is only offered from the 1947 census onwards. The 1949 Queensland Year Book (p. 42\\) notes the following populations.\n\n| Local Authority | Area(sq.mi.) | 1933 | 1947 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Beenleigh | 100 | 2,322 | 2,421 |\n| Coomera | 118 | 1,152 | 1,114 |\n| Nerang | 245 | 3,730 | 4,029 |\n| Waterford | 135 | 1,052 | 1,004 |\n| **Total** | 598 | 8,256 | 8,568 |\n\nThe 1950 Year Book, which uses the new boundaries, gives an area of and a population of 7,261 (a difference of 1,307 people) for the Shire of Albert.\n\n| Year | Population | Annualgrowth (%) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1947 | 7,261 | N/A |\n| 1954 | 8,714 | 2\\.64 |\n| 1961 | 10,669 | 2\\.93 |\n| 1966 | 13,782 | 5\\.25 |\n| 1971 | 29,360 | 16\\.33 |\n| 1976 | 72,062 | 19\\.67 |\n\nFollowing the 1976 census, most of Albert's population were transferred to the new [Logan](/wiki/Logan_City \"Logan City\") local government area.\n\n| Year | Population | Annualgrowth (%) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1976 | 18,753 | N/A |\n| 1981 | 54,870 | 23\\.95 |\n| 1986 | 92,766 | 11\\.07 |\n| 1991 | 143,697 | 9\\.15 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Local Government (Albert, Beaudesert and Gold Coast) Regulation 1994](http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/SLS/1994/94SL478.pdf)\n* [University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Albert Shire](http://queenslandplaces.com.au/albert-shire)\n\n[Category:Former local government areas of Queensland](/wiki/Category:Former_local_government_areas_of_Queensland \"Former local government areas of Queensland\")\n[Category:1995 disestablishments in Australia](/wiki/Category:1995_disestablishments_in_Australia \"1995 disestablishments in Australia\")\n[Category:Populated places disestablished in 1995](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_disestablished_in_1995 \"Populated places disestablished in 1995\")\n\n"
]
} |
NFL Foundation | {
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
} | jm2jlumduvu4mr58ahq726r4izrutqd | 2024-06-04T20:15:23Z | 1,216,641,225 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Youth initiatives",
"Heads Up Football",
"Grants and charitable work",
"Leadership",
"Notes",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **National Football League (NFL) Foundation**, previously known as NFL Charities, is a [non\\-profit making](/wiki/Non-profit_organization \"Non-profit organization\") [charitable organization](/wiki/Charitable_organization \"Charitable organization\"), established by the member clubs of the [National Football League](/wiki/National_Football_League \"National Football League\") (NFL) in 1973\\. It enables the clubs to collectively make grants to charitable and worthwhile causes at a national level.\n\n",
"Youth initiatives\n-----------------\n\nThe NFL Foundation works with [USA Football](/wiki/USA_Football \"USA Football\") to teach children the fundamentals of playing football safely. To help do so, the Foundation gives grants to youth and high school football teams.\n\nWorking with USA Football, the NFL Foundation also developed [NFL FLag](/wiki/Flag_football \"Flag football\"), a non\\-tackle version of football.\n\nThe NFL Foundation is also responsible for creating a program called FUNdamentals which introduces the game of football to kids who have never played the sport before.\n\n### Heads Up Football\n\nUSA Football created Heads Up Football, in part funded by the NFL Foundation, to focus on improving several areas of football that relates to the safety of the players. This program teaches coaches better safety procedures and proper tackling drills. The NFL Foundation, as well as USA Football, have claimed that the program has helped reduce injuries by 76 percent and concussions by about 30 percent. However, research cited by the Foundation shows that Heads Up Football has shown no reduction of concussions and a significantly lower effect on injuries than claimed.\n\n",
"### Heads Up Football\n\nUSA Football created Heads Up Football, in part funded by the NFL Foundation, to focus on improving several areas of football that relates to the safety of the players. This program teaches coaches better safety procedures and proper tackling drills. The NFL Foundation, as well as USA Football, have claimed that the program has helped reduce injuries by 76 percent and concussions by about 30 percent. However, research cited by the Foundation shows that Heads Up Football has shown no reduction of concussions and a significantly lower effect on injuries than claimed.\n\n",
"Grants and charitable work\n--------------------------\n\nGrants amounting to $10 million each year are donated to organizations such as the [Boys \\& Girls Clubs of America](/wiki/Boys_%26_Girls_Clubs_of_America \"Boys & Girls Clubs of America\") and the [American Heart Association](/wiki/American_Heart_Association \"American Heart Association\"). One of the youngest athletes to donate to the Boys and Girl Club is [Jacquese Williams](/wiki/Jacques_Williams \"Jacques Williams\").\n\nThe NFL foundation supports several charitable initiatives:\n\n* Play 60 – An initiative aimed at getting kids out and playing for 60 minutes to help fight obesity.\n* A Crucial Catch – The NFL foundation partnered with the American Cancer society in an effort to raise awareness. Every October the NFL also participates in raising awareness for breast cancer by wearing pink on their uniforms.\n* Salute to service – The NFL Foundation provides grants to supports those who have served or are currently serving in our military.\n* Player Foundation Grants – The NFL Foundation provides grants that give assistance to those currently in the NFL and to those who have previously played in the NFL.\n* [Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award](/wiki/Walter_Payton_NFL_Man_of_the_Year_Award \"Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award\") – This award recognized a players contributions on and off the field.\n* Super Bowl Legacy Grants – The NFL Foundation gives the city that hosted the Super Bowl one million dollars as a grant.\n",
"Leadership\n----------\n\n[thumb\\|The previous logo when the charity was known as NFL Charities](/wiki/Image:NFL_Charities.jpg \"NFL Charities.jpg\")\nThe current chair of NFL Foundation, [Charlotte Jones Anderson](/wiki/Charlotte_Jones_Anderson \"Charlotte Jones Anderson\"), was appointed chairman by the NFL commissioner [Roger Goodell](/wiki/Roger_Goodell \"Roger Goodell\") in December 2012\\. Charlotte Jones Anderson is also the Executive Vice President and Chief Brand Officer of [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\").\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [NFL Foundation's website](http://www.nflfoundation.org/)\n\n[Category:Sports foundations based in the United States](/wiki/Category:Sports_foundations_based_in_the_United_States \"Sports foundations based in the United States\")\n[Category:National Football League](/wiki/Category:National_Football_League \"National Football League\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
William M. Davis House | {
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
} | 7j4p4wu5hul8d13mrl1i5m12hfcs9po | 2023-08-10T05:33:50Z | 1,090,685,887 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Description and history",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **William Morris Davis House** is a [National Historic Landmark](/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark \"National Historic Landmark\") on 17 Francis Avenue in [Cambridge, Massachusetts](/wiki/Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts \"Cambridge, Massachusetts\"). An architecturally undistinguished Queen Anne\\-era house, probably built in the 1890s, it is notable as the home of [William Morris Davis](/wiki/William_Morris_Davis \"William Morris Davis\") between 1898 and 1916\\. Davis (1850\\-1934\\) was a professor of geology at [Harvard University](/wiki/Harvard_University \"Harvard University\"), and an influential figure in the development of [meteorology](/wiki/Meteorology \"Meteorology\") and [geomorphology](/wiki/Geomorphology \"Geomorphology\") as scientific disciplines. His textbook *Elementary Meteorology* was a standard of that field for many years. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976\\. and \n\n",
"Description and history\n-----------------------\n\nThe Davis House is a \\-story wood\\-frame house with irregular massing. The main block is roughly square, and has a gable roof, but there is a large ell of matching height in front of it which has a gambrel roof. The main entrance is on the side, under a porch supported by round columns resting on shingled piers, with a simple balustrade in between. The front of the house has a single\\-story polygonal bay, and an oriel window at the top of the gambreled gable. The exterior is clad in shingles. The building is architecturally undistinguished, and is classified by local historians as a Queen Anne\\-Shingle style structure. Based on the architectural and stylistic evidence, its construction date is estimated to be in the 1890s.\n\n[William Morris Davis](/wiki/William_Morris_Davis \"William Morris Davis\") (1850\\-1934\\) purchased this house around 1898, the date of his appointment as the Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology at nearby [Harvard University](/wiki/Harvard_University \"Harvard University\"), and lived here until 1916\\. Davis had studied geology under [Nathaniel S. Shaler](/wiki/Nathaniel_S._Shaler \"Nathaniel S. Shaler\") at Harvard in the 1870s, and was offered a teaching position there in 1878\\. In 1894 he published *Elementary Meteorology*, a textbook that was the first to unite and organize a previously uncoordinated body of knowledge in that field. Davis' most profound contribution to scientific knowledge came in his publication in 1912 of a treatise entitled *A Reasoned Description of Landforms*, in which he provided a template for outlining the genesis, development, and classification of landforms on a global scale. In later publications he described the [erosion cycle](/wiki/Erosion_cycle \"Erosion cycle\") and other important concepts in understanding the development and lifecycle of landforms. Davis was recognized by his peers in the scientific community with numerous awards and recognition.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts](/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Massachusetts \"List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts\")\n* [National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts \"National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Houses completed in 1898](/wiki/Category:Houses_completed_in_1898 \"Houses completed in 1898\")\n[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Cambridge, Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts \"National Historic Landmarks in Cambridge, Massachusetts\")\n[Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Cambridge, Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:Houses_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts \"Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Cambridge, Massachusetts\")\n[Category:Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:Historic_district_contributing_properties_in_Massachusetts \"Historic district contributing properties in Massachusetts\")\n\n"
]
} |
Louis Clyde Stoumen | {
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
} | brst4vywc99iz4bk2umdlkg0deddmi1 | 2024-08-15T07:18:33Z | 1,236,588,092 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Selected filmography",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Louis Clyde Stoumen** (July 15, 1917 – September 20, 1991\\), known as **Lou Stoumen**, was an American photographer, film director and producer. He won two [Academy Awards](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\"); the first in 1957 for [Best Documentary Short Subject](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_%28Short_Subject%29 \"Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)\") (*[The True Story of the Civil War](/wiki/The_True_Story_of_the_Civil_War \"The True Story of the Civil War\")*), and the second in 1963 for [Best Documentary Feature](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_Feature \"Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature\") (*[Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler](/wiki/Black_Fox:The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Adolf_Hitler \"The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler\")*).\n\nStoumen was born in [Springtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania](/wiki/Springtown%2C_Bucks_County%2C_Pennsylvania \"Springtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania\"), and died in [Sebastopol, California](/wiki/Sebastopol%2C_California \"Sebastopol, California\").[\"Lou Stoumen Is Dead; Photographer Was 75\"](https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/09/obituaries/lou-stoumen-is-dead-photographer-was-75.html), *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*, October 9, 1991[\"Lou Stoumen; Photographer and Teacher\"](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-10-23-me-19-story.html) *[Los Angeles Times](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*, October 23, 1991 After graduating from [Lehigh University](/wiki/Lehigh_University \"Lehigh University\") in 1939, he worked as a freelance journalist and photographer in New York. Many of the photographs of [Times Square](/wiki/Times_Square \"Times Square\") he made were published in the 1985 book *Times Square: 45 Years of Photographs*.[*Times Square: 45 Years of Photographs*](http://primo.getty.edu/GRI:GETTY_ALMA21143939990001551), [Aperture Foundation](/wiki/Aperture_Foundation \"Aperture Foundation\")\n\nStoumen taught at [UCLA Film School](/wiki/UCLA_School_of_Theater%2C_Film_and_Television \"UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television\"). He spoke of his innovation in *The True Story of the Civil War*. He invented a track for the camera to move back and forth over historic photos and paintings. It also tracked up and down (in and out). The technique is often referred to today as the \"[Ken Burns effect](/wiki/Ken_Burns_effect \"Ken Burns effect\")\".\n\nStoumen received [Colin Higgins](/wiki/Colin_Higgins \"Colin Higgins\")' [master's](/wiki/Master%27s_degree \"Master's degree\") [thesis](/wiki/Thesis \"Thesis\"), a screenplay called *[Harold and Maude](/wiki/Harold_and_Maude \"Harold and Maude\")*. Stoumen spoke of his enjoyment of the writing, but doubted it would ever be produced. He wasn't unhappy when proven wrong by the film's success.\n\nStoumen married [Lini De Vries](/wiki/Lini_De_Vries \"Lini De Vries\") in 1943; the couple divorced in 1949\\. He subsequently married and was divorced from Joyce Wessel.\n\nThe Academy Film Archive preserved *The True Story of the Civil War* and *T Is for Tumbleweed* by Stoumen.\n\n",
"Selected filmography\n--------------------\n\n* *[The Naked Eye](/wiki/The_Naked_Eye_%281956_film%29 \"The Naked Eye (1956 film)\")* (1956\\)\n* *[The True Story of the Civil War](/wiki/The_True_Story_of_the_Civil_War \"The True Story of the Civil War\")* (1956\\)\n* *[Operation Dames](/wiki/Operation_Dames \"Operation Dames\")* (1959\\)\n* *[Black Fox: The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler](/wiki/Black_Fox:The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Adolf_Hitler \"The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler\")* (1962\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Lou Stoumen](http://www.luminous-lint.com/app/photographer/Lou__Stoumen/A/), profile and photographs, [Luminous\\-Lint](/wiki/Luminous-Lint \"Luminous-Lint\")\n* [Works](http://search.getty.edu/gateway/search?q=Stoumen&cat=&rows=20&srt=&dir=s&dsp=0&img=0&pg=1), [J. Paul Getty Museum](/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum \"J. Paul Getty Museum\")\n\n[Category:1917 births](/wiki/Category:1917_births \"1917 births\")\n[Category:1991 deaths](/wiki/Category:1991_deaths \"1991 deaths\")\n[Category:Lehigh University alumni](/wiki/Category:Lehigh_University_alumni \"Lehigh University alumni\")\n[Category:20th\\-century American photographers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_photographers \"20th-century American photographers\")\n[Category:Film directors from Pennsylvania](/wiki/Category:Film_directors_from_Pennsylvania \"Film directors from Pennsylvania\")\n[Category:American film producers](/wiki/Category:American_film_producers \"American film producers\")\n[Category:Directors of Best Documentary Feature Academy Award winners](/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Best_Documentary_Feature_Academy_Award_winners \"Directors of Best Documentary Feature Academy Award winners\")\n[Category:Producers who won the Best Documentary Short Subject Academy Award](/wiki/Category:Producers_who_won_the_Best_Documentary_Short_Subject_Academy_Award \"Producers who won the Best Documentary Short Subject Academy Award\")\n[Category:Collage filmmakers](/wiki/Category:Collage_filmmakers \"Collage filmmakers\")\n\n"
]
} |
East Ferry Avenue Historic District | {
"id": [
3492060
],
"name": [
"Natg 19"
]
} | 289g1k203o41h6bj38kg9phny092yvn | 2024-09-19T08:25:55Z | 1,168,964,375 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Architecture",
"Gallery",
"See also",
"Notes",
"References",
"Further reading",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **East Ferry Avenue Historic District** is a historic residential district in [Midtown](/wiki/Midtown_Detroit \"Midtown Detroit\") [Detroit](/wiki/Detroit \"Detroit\"), [Michigan](/wiki/Michigan \"Michigan\"). The nationally designated historic district stretches two blocks from [Woodward Avenue](/wiki/M-1_%28Michigan_highway%29 \"M-1 (Michigan highway)\") east to Brush Street; the locally designated historic district includes a third block between Brush and Beaubien. The district includes the separately designated [Col. Frank J. Hecker House](/wiki/Col._Frank_J._Hecker_House \"Col. Frank J. Hecker House\") and the [Charles Lang Freer House](/wiki/Charles_Lang_Freer_House \"Charles Lang Freer House\"). It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976 and listed on the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\") in 1980\\.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nIn 1856, the Ferry Seed Company was founded in Detroit; the company established a large farm at the corner of East Ferry and Woodward to grow the seeds that were sold nationwide.[East Ferry Street Historic District](http://www.detroit1701.org/East%20Ferry%20Street%20Historic%20District.html) from Detroit1701 In the mid\\-1880s, then\\-owner D. M. Ferry platted the farm into residential lots along East Ferry Avenue.[East Ferry Avenue Historic District](http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/historic/districts/east_ferry.pdf) from the city of Detroit At the time Woodward was an upscale residential street, so lots facing Woodward were quite expensive (as is the [Col. Frank J. Hecker House](/wiki/Col._Frank_J._Hecker_House \"Col. Frank J. Hecker House\"), on Woodward and Ferry). Lots on the side streets were less expensive, and East Ferry was quickly settled by prosperous middle and upper middle class Detroit residents. Prominent early residents of the district include Col. [Frank J. Hecker](/wiki/Frank_J._Hecker \"Frank J. Hecker\"), colonel in the Union Army and founder of the [Peninsular Car Company](/wiki/Peninsular_Car_Company \"Peninsular Car Company\"); [Charles Lang Freer](/wiki/Charles_Lang_Freer \"Charles Lang Freer\"), Hecker's partner and noted art collector; William A. Pungs, founder of the Anderson Carriage Company; Herman Roehm, co\\-owner of Roehm and Weston hardware store; John Scott, a prominent architect; and Samuel A. Sloman, of M. Sloman \\& Co. furrier.[East Ferry Avenue Historic District](http://www.cityscapedetroit.org/historic_districts.php) from Cityscape Detroit\n\nWoodward Avenue since redeveloped into primarily commercial property, but a group of mansions and upscale housing on East Ferry survives. Around [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\"), a number of professionals and business people found they could purchase homes on East Ferry. The [Omega Psi Phi](/wiki/Omega_Psi_Phi \"Omega Psi Phi\") fraternity and the [Lewis College of Business](/wiki/Pensole_Lewis_College_of_Business_and_Design \"Pensole Lewis College of Business and Design\") still remain on East Ferry. After World War II, the Merrill Palmer Institute (housed in the [Charles Lang Freer House](/wiki/Charles_Lang_Freer_House \"Charles Lang Freer House\")) purchased several homes along East Ferry, hoping to expand their operations. However, Merrill Palmer was unable to expand and in the late 1960s sold the homes to the [Detroit Institute of Arts](/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts \"Detroit Institute of Arts\") for their proposed expansion. The DIA eventually realized the property on East Ferry would not be useful to them, and re\\-sold them in the mid\\-1990s.\n\nFour of these homes were turned into The Inn on Ferry Street, a successful [bed and breakfast](/wiki/Bed_and_breakfast \"Bed and breakfast\"), others are now residential. Recently, new homes have been constructed in the neighborhood, architecturally congruent with the designs of the 19th century homes already there.\n\n",
"Architecture\n------------\n\nHouses on East Ferry are built close together on small lots, set back from the street. Many of the matching carriage houses still exist. In general, the neighborhood consists primarily of [Queen Anne](/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture \"Queen Anne style architecture\") homes, built of brick and sandstone, with bay windows or turrets and wide front porches. There are some [Romanesque Revival](/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture \"Romanesque Revival architecture\"), and [Colonial Revival](/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture \"Colonial Revival architecture\") designs.[East Ferry Avenue Historic District](http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/24824.htm) from the State of Michigan Homes on East Ferry are some of the best current examples of residential commissions from Detroit's leading 19th century architects, including John Scott, [Louis Kamper](/wiki/Louis_Kamper \"Louis Kamper\"), [Malcomson and Higginbotham](/wiki/Malcomson_and_Higginbotham \"Malcomson and Higginbotham\"), Rogers and McFarlane, Mortimer Smith, [Donaldson and Meier](/wiki/Donaldson_and_Meier \"Donaldson and Meier\"), Joseph E. Mills, A. E. Harley, and [Smith, Hinchman \\& Grylls](/wiki/SmithGroup \"SmithGroup\").\n\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nImage:East Ferry Avenue Historic District 2 \\- Detroit Michigan.jpg\\|Restored Victorian homes on East Ferry\nImage:East Ferry Avenue Historic District 3 \\- Detroit Michigan.jpg\\|Newer along with restored homes on East Ferry\nImage:Hecker House \\- Detroit Michigan.jpg\\|\\[\\[Col. Frank J. Hecker House]]\nImage:Charles Lang Freer House.jpg\\|\\[\\[Charles Lang Freer House]]\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Cultural Center Historic District](/wiki/Cultural_Center_Historic_District \"Cultural Center Historic District\")\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Further reading\n---------------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [East Ferry Avenue Historic District](http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.mi0177) from the Historic American Buildings Survey, HABS MI\\-311\n* [The Inn on Ferry Street](http://innonferrystreetdetroit.com/)\n* [The Inn on Ferry Street](https://web.archive.org/web/20080527192128/http://innonferrystreet.com/05/)\n* [Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute](http://www.mpsi.wayne.edu/)\n* [Ferry\\-Morse Seed Company](http://www.ferry-morse.com/)\n\n[Category:Midtown Detroit](/wiki/Category:Midtown_Detroit \"Midtown Detroit\")\n[Category:Historic districts in Detroit](/wiki/Category:Historic_districts_in_Detroit \"Historic districts in Detroit\")\n[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan](/wiki/Category:Historic_districts_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Michigan \"Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan\")\n[Category:Michigan State Historic Sites in Wayne County, Michigan](/wiki/Category:Michigan_State_Historic_Sites_in_Wayne_County%2C_Michigan \"Michigan State Historic Sites in Wayne County, Michigan\")\n[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Detroit](/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Detroit \"National Register of Historic Places in Detroit\")\n[Category:1880s establishments in Michigan](/wiki/Category:1880s_establishments_in_Michigan \"1880s establishments in Michigan\")\n\n"
]
} |
Ts'il Kaz Koh First Nation | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"64.114.20.227"
]
} | btkjtaa1w4g6rnz44h9ov8oumcnwqsz | 2024-01-10T00:10:08Z | 1,157,245,564 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Chief and Council",
"Key Oh Lodge",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"* + - \n\n**Tsʼil Kaz Koh First Nation** or the **Burns Lake Indian Band** is a [Wetsuweten](/wiki/Wetsuweten \"Wetsuweten\") [band government](/wiki/Band_government \"Band government\") whose main community is located on [Burns Lake](/wiki/Burns_Lake \"Burns Lake\"), near the divide between the [Bulkley](/wiki/Bulkley_River \"Bulkley River\") and [Nechako River](/wiki/Nechako_River \"Nechako River\") basins, approximately 220 km west of [Prince George](/wiki/Prince_George%2C_British_Columbia \"Prince George, British Columbia\"), [British Columbia](/wiki/British_Columbia \"British Columbia\"), [Canada](/wiki/Canada \"Canada\"). \nTsʼil Kaz Koh as a name is derived from the [Carrier](/wiki/Carrier_language \"Carrier language\") name for the creek that runs through the area. The band has four reserves, totalling about 184\\.6 hectares, and as of August 2007, they had 114 band members. As of 2013, the Burns Lake Band has about 129 members on and off reserve.\n\nTsʼil Kaz Koh is a member of the [Carrier Sekani Tribal Council](/wiki/Carrier_Sekani_Tribal_Council \"Carrier Sekani Tribal Council\"). The Burns Lake Band offices are located at 653 Highway 16 west in Burns Lake, BC.\n\n",
"Chief and Council\n-----------------\n\nOne chief and two councillors are elected by the band members in elections which are held every four years, usually in the month of October. A by\\-election can happen at any point in order to replace either the chief or a councillor for the remainder of the term. The next election is set for 2024\\. The current chief and counsel consist of the following,\n* Chief Wesley Sam \\- Elected in a by\\-election held in 2022\n* Councillor Cecelia Sam \\- Elected in an election held in October 2020\n* Councillor Ellen Lorentz \\- Elected in an election held in October 2020\\.\n\n \n\n",
"Key Oh Lodge\n------------\n\nIn 2016 the band started construction on a 42 bedroom lodge located in Burns Lake. The lodge will feature a business center, breakfast café as well as a two\\-story lobby. As of August 2016 construction was still underway. On January 15, 2017, the band announced the \ncompletion of Key\\-Oh Lodge on their Facebook page. \"Come on down Saturday to our open house and check it out!\"\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Ts'il Kaz Koh First Nation](http://www.cstc.bc.ca/cstc/37/tsil+kaz+koh+first+nation) at the CSTC website.\n\n[Category:Dakelh governments](/wiki/Category:Dakelh_governments \"Dakelh governments\")\n[Category:Nechako Country](/wiki/Category:Nechako_Country \"Nechako Country\")\n\n"
]
} |
Bid-e Kalan | {
"id": [
14383484
],
"name": [
"Wbm1058"
]
} | rap8t543meowbmi64xmf45jipddaluj | 2023-06-15T21:46:34Z | 1,045,165,422 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Bid\\-e Kalan** is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in [Badakhshan Province](/wiki/Badakhshan_Province \"Badakhshan Province\") in north\\-eastern [Afghanistan](/wiki/Afghanistan \"Afghanistan\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n[Category:Populated places in Yaftali Sufla District](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Yaftali_Sufla_District \"Populated places in Yaftali Sufla District\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Andis Shala | {
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
} | eodfnmlxtw8lftxv9hypc8yj4rmwgsy | 2024-04-21T05:24:17Z | 1,218,468,008 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"International career",
"Personal life",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Andis Shala** (; born 15 November 1988\\) is a Kosovar [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who most recently played as a [forward](/wiki/Forward_%28association_football%29 \"Forward (association football)\") for [Chemnitzer FC](/wiki/Chemnitzer_FC \"Chemnitzer FC\"). \n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\nHaving begun career in the youth team at [Hannover 96](/wiki/Hannover_96 \"Hannover 96\"), Shala joined [VfR Mannheim](/wiki/VfR_Mannheim \"VfR Mannheim\") in January 2008 on a short\\-term deal.\n\nShala joined [Dundee United](/wiki/Dundee_United_F.C. \"Dundee United F.C.\") in pre\\-season for the [2008–09 season](/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_in_Scottish_football \"2008–09 in Scottish football\"), with manager [Craig Levein](/wiki/Craig_Levein \"Craig Levein\") calling him a \"decent prospect\" and stated that he had \"high hopes for him\". Shala arrived in mid June 2008 with fellow new signing [Michael McGovern](/wiki/Michael_McGovern_%28footballer%29 \"Michael McGovern (footballer)\").\n\nHe made his debut as a substitute in an August 2008 [Scottish League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup \"Scottish League Cup\") match. He made his league debut in February 2009, and with his first touch of the ball, set up Lee Wilkie to score the equalising goal in a 1–1 draw against [Inverness Caledonian Thistle](/wiki/Inverness_Caledonian_Thistle_F.C. \"Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.\"). He was released by Dundee United in the summer of 2011\\.\n\nFollowing his release, Shala returned to Germany to sign for [Hallescher FC](/wiki/Hallescher_FC \"Hallescher FC\"). After earning promotion to the [3\\. Liga](/wiki/3._Liga \"3. Liga\") in the 2011–12 season, he left Halle to sign for [Carl Zeiss Jena](/wiki/FC_Carl_Zeiss_Jena \"FC Carl Zeiss Jena\") in January 2013\\. Eighteen months later he signed for [BFC Dynamo](/wiki/BFC_Dynamo \"BFC Dynamo\").\n\nHe agreed the termination of his contract with [Regionalliga Nordost](/wiki/Regionalliga_Nordost \"Regionalliga Nordost\") side [Chemnitzer FC](/wiki/Chemnitzer_FC \"Chemnitzer FC\") in January 2022\\.\n\n",
"International career\n--------------------\n\nShala is of [Kosovar Albanian](/wiki/Kosovar_Albanian \"Kosovar Albanian\") descent. In late December 2009, Shala was the subject of interest from the [Albania national team](/wiki/Albania_national_football_team \"Albania national football team\"), with team manager [Josip Kuže](/wiki/Josip_Ku%C5%BEe \"Josip Kuže\") confirming he was intending to watch the player. In an interview for the Albanian newspaper *[Sporti Shqiptar](/wiki/Sporti_Shqiptar \"Sporti Shqiptar\")*, Shala stated his willingness to play for Albania, and stated that if he never got called up for the squad, that he would not consider playing for any other country.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nHis father is former [Croatia international](/wiki/Croatia_national_football_team \"Croatia national football team\") [Kujtim Shala](/wiki/Kujtim_Shala \"Kujtim Shala\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1988 births](/wiki/Category:1988_births \"1988 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Gjakova](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Gjakova \"Sportspeople from Gjakova\")\n[Category:Footballers from Mannheim](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Mannheim \"Footballers from Mannheim\")\n[Category:Kosovo Albanians](/wiki/Category:Kosovo_Albanians \"Kosovo Albanians\")\n[Category:German people of Albanian descent](/wiki/Category:German_people_of_Albanian_descent \"German people of Albanian descent\")\n[Category:Sportspeople of Albanian descent](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_of_Albanian_descent \"Sportspeople of Albanian descent\")\n[Category:German people of Kosovan descent](/wiki/Category:German_people_of_Kosovan_descent \"German people of Kosovan descent\")\n[Category:Men's association football forwards](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_forwards \"Men's association football forwards\")\n[Category:German men's footballers](/wiki/Category:German_men%27s_footballers \"German men's footballers\")\n[Category:Kosovan men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Kosovan_men%27s_footballers \"Kosovan men's footballers\")\n[Category:Hannover 96 II players](/wiki/Category:Hannover_96_II_players \"Hannover 96 II players\")\n[Category:VfR Mannheim players](/wiki/Category:VfR_Mannheim_players \"VfR Mannheim players\")\n[Category:Dundee United F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Dundee_United_F.C._players \"Dundee United F.C. players\")\n[Category:Hallescher FC players](/wiki/Category:Hallescher_FC_players \"Hallescher FC players\")\n[Category:FC Carl Zeiss Jena players](/wiki/Category:FC_Carl_Zeiss_Jena_players \"FC Carl Zeiss Jena players\")\n[Category:Berliner FC Dynamo players](/wiki/Category:Berliner_FC_Dynamo_players \"Berliner FC Dynamo players\")\n[Category:SV Babelsberg 03 players](/wiki/Category:SV_Babelsberg_03_players \"SV Babelsberg 03 players\")\n[Category:FC Rot\\-Weiß Erfurt players](/wiki/Category:FC_Rot-Wei%C3%9F_Erfurt_players \"FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt players\")\n[Category:Kickers Offenbach players](/wiki/Category:Kickers_Offenbach_players \"Kickers Offenbach players\")\n[Category:SV Waldhof Mannheim players](/wiki/Category:SV_Waldhof_Mannheim_players \"SV Waldhof Mannheim players\")\n[Category:Chemnitzer FC players](/wiki/Category:Chemnitzer_FC_players \"Chemnitzer FC players\")\n[Category:3\\. Liga players](/wiki/Category:3._Liga_players \"3. Liga players\")\n[Category:Regionalliga players](/wiki/Category:Regionalliga_players \"Regionalliga players\")\n[Category:Scottish Premier League players](/wiki/Category:Scottish_Premier_League_players \"Scottish Premier League players\")\n[Category:Shala (tribe)](/wiki/Category:Shala_%28tribe%29 \"Shala (tribe)\")\n[Category:German expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:German_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"German expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Scotland](/wiki/Category:German_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Scotland \"German expatriate sportspeople in Scotland\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Scotland \"Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland\")\n[Category:Kosovan expatriate sportspeople in Scotland](/wiki/Category:Kosovan_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Scotland \"Kosovan expatriate sportspeople in Scotland\")\n\n"
]
} |
Eugen Cristescu | {
"id": [
1747755
],
"name": [
"Turgidson"
]
} | 50vinr8gtlrwqtom2n6g4tz3rz4t5de | 2024-03-04T03:09:28Z | 1,207,044,506 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Early life",
"Career",
"Downfall",
"Notes"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|250px\\|Cristescu's mug shot, taken shortly before his death in 1950](/wiki/File:Eugen_Cristescu_ca._1950.png \"Eugen Cristescu ca. 1950.png\")\n**Eugen Cristescu** (3 April 1895 – 12 June 1950\\) was the second head of the [Kingdom of Romania](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania \"Kingdom of Romania\")'s domestic espionage agency, the Secret Intelligence Service (SSI), forerunner of today's [SRI](/wiki/Romanian_Intelligence_Service \"Romanian Intelligence Service\"), convicted in 1946 as a [war criminal](/wiki/War_criminal \"War criminal\"). He previously served as head of [Siguranța Statului](/wiki/Siguran%C8%9Ba \"Siguranța\"), the secret police.\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\n### Early life\n\nCristescu was born in [Oituz](/wiki/Oituz \"Oituz\"), [Bacău County](/wiki/Bac%C4%83u_County \"Bacău County\") into a large, poor family. His father Ioan was a schoolteacher there, while his mother's main occupation was raising her six sons and three daughters. His brothers were Ioan, chief of staff at the [Ilfov County](/wiki/Ilfov_County \"Ilfov County\") prefecture; Vasile, lieutenant colonel in the personal guard of [Marshal](/wiki/Mare%C8%99al_%28Romania%29 \"Mareșal (Romania)\") [Ion Antonescu](/wiki/Ion_Antonescu \"Ion Antonescu\"); Mihai, commissioner at the [Bucharest](/wiki/Bucharest \"Bucharest\") Prefecture; Mircea, employee of the Foreign Ministry's Protocol Service; and Gheorghe, head of the photo identification service and then a director in the Secret Intelligence Service of the [Romanian Army](/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces \"Romanian Land Forces\"), which on 13 November 1940, a day after Eugen became its head, was renamed the Special Intelligence Service.\n\nAfter finishing primary school in [Târgu Ocna](/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Ocna \"Târgu Ocna\"), Cristescu attended the Veniamin Theological Seminary in [Iași](/wiki/Ia%C8%99i \"Iași\"), graduating in 1916\\. That year he enrolled at the Law Faculty of the [University of Iași](/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University \"Alexandru Ioan Cuza University\"), but interrupted his studies due to [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\"). He took part in the [autumn 1916 campaign](/wiki/Romanian_Campaign_%281916%29 \"Romanian Campaign (1916)\") with the rank of *sergent TR* (reduced term sergeant) in the sanitary service. He continued his university studies after the war ended, and received the title of doctor in legal sciences six years after graduating.\n\n### Career\n\nAfter finishing university, he worked for fourteen years at Siguranța Statului, followed by six years in leadership posts at the Interior Ministry. He steadily climbed the professional ladder, from bureau undersecretary to general director. In November 1940, two months after his predecessor [Mihail Moruzov](/wiki/Mihail_Moruzov \"Mihail Moruzov\") was arrested, he became chief of the Special Intelligence Service. During his whole career, six orders and two medals were conferred upon him. He was sanctioned but once, on 9 November 1932, by the Interior Minister, “fined through loss of salary for one day for insubordination”, without details being offered.\n\nCristescu, who unlike Moruzov was totally obedient to Antonescu, assumed leadership of the SSI at a time when Romania was a satellite of [Nazi Germany](/wiki/Nazi_Germany \"Nazi Germany\"), formally not yet in [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") but rapidly preparing for it. His political mission included internal espionage against political figures and especially [Jews](/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania \"History of the Jews in Romania\"), of whom exact lists with their names were being drawn up, particularly in [Moldavia](/wiki/Moldavia \"Moldavia\"). It was Cristescu who gave the order for a special unit, later known as Operational Echelon I, to enter Moldavia, which it did on 18 June 1941 (four days before Romania joined combat), equipped with information on local Jews’ situation, location and living conditions, and large quantities of posters depicting distorted faces of Jews or which called them spies or saboteurs. Nine days later, the [Iași pogrom](/wiki/Ia%C8%99i_pogrom \"Iași pogrom\") was carried out. According to postwar testimony offered by Traian Borcescu, head of the SSI's counter\\-intelligence section between 1941 and 1944, “as to the preparation and staging of the Iași massacres, I suspect that they were the handiwork of the First Operative Echelon, since Eugen Cristescu told me when he returned to Bucharest: ‘The great deeds I accomplished in Moldavia, I accomplished in collaboration with Supreme Headquarters, Section II’”. In his own written postwar deposition, Cristescu denied SSI involvement at Iași, claiming it had been organised by the [Gestapo](/wiki/Gestapo \"Gestapo\") and the [SD](/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst \"Sicherheitsdienst\"). It is certain that the SSI armed members of the banned [Iron Guard](/wiki/Iron_Guard \"Iron Guard\") instigated and took part in the pogrom; it is unlikely that Cristescu acted on his own initiative, and later testimony from SSI officers indicates that he kept both Foreign Minister [Mihai Antonescu](/wiki/Mihai_Antonescu \"Mihai Antonescu\") and Ion Antonescu informed about the massacres’ progress.\n\nCristescu closely monitored the significant spy networks operating on Romanian soil during the war—[Allied](/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II \"Allies of World War II\") as well as German. Relations with Germany were fairly steady until November 1942, when crushing losses on the [Eastern Front](/wiki/Eastern_Front_%28World_War_II%29 \"Eastern Front (World War II)\") led the SSI, at Cristescu's order, to cultivate links with the Allies’ intelligence services. Of particular note was [Operation Autonomous](/wiki/Operation_Autonomous \"Operation Autonomous\"), in which three British agents were parachuted into Romania on 23 December 1943, captured, and interrogated directly by Cristescu (with Antonescu's approval), who refused to hand them over for questioning in [Berlin](/wiki/Berlin \"Berlin\"). Using the three, over the following months Cristescu bargained with the [SOE](/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive \"Special Operations Executive\"), holding out the prospect of an armistice whereby Romania would switch sides in the war. He was aware of the secret armistice negotiations being undertaken by the leaders of the political opposition with the British and the Americans. Germany pressed for their arrest, but Cristescu (again so directed by Antonescu) assured them their protection, and even took part in the discussions.\n\n### Downfall\n\nOn 23 August 1944, the [King Michael's Coup](/wiki/King_Michael%27s_Coup \"King Michael's Coup\") took place and brought Romania over to the Allies, but the event took Cristescu by surprise. He was arrested on 24 September, initially interrogated by the Romanian authorities. On 14 October, the Allied Soviet High Command took him into custody; together with generals , , and [Constantin Tobescu](/wiki/Constantin_Tobescu \"Constantin Tobescu\"), Marshal Ion Antonescu and his wife Maria, and professors Mihai Antonescu, [Gheorghe Alexianu](/wiki/Gheorghe_Alexianu \"Gheorghe Alexianu\"), and [Radu Lecca](/wiki/Radu_Lecca \"Radu Lecca\"), he was taken to [Moscow](/wiki/Moscow \"Moscow\"), where the group remained until spring 1946\\.\n\nOn 17 May 1946, accused before the [Bucharest People's Tribunal](/wiki/Romanian_People%27s_Tribunals \"Romanian People's Tribunals\"), he was sentenced to death for \"war crimes and the national disaster\". High Royal Decree nr. 1746 commuted his sentence to hard labour for life, along with those of Lecca (former commissioner general for the Jewish question) and General Pantazi. This decree was initiated by [Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu](/wiki/Lucre%C8%9Biu_P%C4%83tr%C4%83%C8%99canu \"Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu\"), Justice Minister in the Communist\\-dominated [Petru Groza](/wiki/Petru_Groza \"Petru Groza\") government. In May 1946, Cristescu was incarcerated at [Jilava Prison](/wiki/Jilava_Prison \"Jilava Prison\"). He died four years later in [Văcărești Prison](/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti_Prison \"Văcărești Prison\"); the official autopsy record indicated his death was due to [coronary artery disease](/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease \"Coronary artery disease\").\n\n",
"### Early life\n\nCristescu was born in [Oituz](/wiki/Oituz \"Oituz\"), [Bacău County](/wiki/Bac%C4%83u_County \"Bacău County\") into a large, poor family. His father Ioan was a schoolteacher there, while his mother's main occupation was raising her six sons and three daughters. His brothers were Ioan, chief of staff at the [Ilfov County](/wiki/Ilfov_County \"Ilfov County\") prefecture; Vasile, lieutenant colonel in the personal guard of [Marshal](/wiki/Mare%C8%99al_%28Romania%29 \"Mareșal (Romania)\") [Ion Antonescu](/wiki/Ion_Antonescu \"Ion Antonescu\"); Mihai, commissioner at the [Bucharest](/wiki/Bucharest \"Bucharest\") Prefecture; Mircea, employee of the Foreign Ministry's Protocol Service; and Gheorghe, head of the photo identification service and then a director in the Secret Intelligence Service of the [Romanian Army](/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces \"Romanian Land Forces\"), which on 13 November 1940, a day after Eugen became its head, was renamed the Special Intelligence Service.\n\nAfter finishing primary school in [Târgu Ocna](/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Ocna \"Târgu Ocna\"), Cristescu attended the Veniamin Theological Seminary in [Iași](/wiki/Ia%C8%99i \"Iași\"), graduating in 1916\\. That year he enrolled at the Law Faculty of the [University of Iași](/wiki/Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University \"Alexandru Ioan Cuza University\"), but interrupted his studies due to [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I \"World War I\"). He took part in the [autumn 1916 campaign](/wiki/Romanian_Campaign_%281916%29 \"Romanian Campaign (1916)\") with the rank of *sergent TR* (reduced term sergeant) in the sanitary service. He continued his university studies after the war ended, and received the title of doctor in legal sciences six years after graduating.\n\n",
"### Career\n\nAfter finishing university, he worked for fourteen years at Siguranța Statului, followed by six years in leadership posts at the Interior Ministry. He steadily climbed the professional ladder, from bureau undersecretary to general director. In November 1940, two months after his predecessor [Mihail Moruzov](/wiki/Mihail_Moruzov \"Mihail Moruzov\") was arrested, he became chief of the Special Intelligence Service. During his whole career, six orders and two medals were conferred upon him. He was sanctioned but once, on 9 November 1932, by the Interior Minister, “fined through loss of salary for one day for insubordination”, without details being offered.\n\nCristescu, who unlike Moruzov was totally obedient to Antonescu, assumed leadership of the SSI at a time when Romania was a satellite of [Nazi Germany](/wiki/Nazi_Germany \"Nazi Germany\"), formally not yet in [World War II](/wiki/World_War_II \"World War II\") but rapidly preparing for it. His political mission included internal espionage against political figures and especially [Jews](/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania \"History of the Jews in Romania\"), of whom exact lists with their names were being drawn up, particularly in [Moldavia](/wiki/Moldavia \"Moldavia\"). It was Cristescu who gave the order for a special unit, later known as Operational Echelon I, to enter Moldavia, which it did on 18 June 1941 (four days before Romania joined combat), equipped with information on local Jews’ situation, location and living conditions, and large quantities of posters depicting distorted faces of Jews or which called them spies or saboteurs. Nine days later, the [Iași pogrom](/wiki/Ia%C8%99i_pogrom \"Iași pogrom\") was carried out. According to postwar testimony offered by Traian Borcescu, head of the SSI's counter\\-intelligence section between 1941 and 1944, “as to the preparation and staging of the Iași massacres, I suspect that they were the handiwork of the First Operative Echelon, since Eugen Cristescu told me when he returned to Bucharest: ‘The great deeds I accomplished in Moldavia, I accomplished in collaboration with Supreme Headquarters, Section II’”. In his own written postwar deposition, Cristescu denied SSI involvement at Iași, claiming it had been organised by the [Gestapo](/wiki/Gestapo \"Gestapo\") and the [SD](/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst \"Sicherheitsdienst\"). It is certain that the SSI armed members of the banned [Iron Guard](/wiki/Iron_Guard \"Iron Guard\") instigated and took part in the pogrom; it is unlikely that Cristescu acted on his own initiative, and later testimony from SSI officers indicates that he kept both Foreign Minister [Mihai Antonescu](/wiki/Mihai_Antonescu \"Mihai Antonescu\") and Ion Antonescu informed about the massacres’ progress.\n\nCristescu closely monitored the significant spy networks operating on Romanian soil during the war—[Allied](/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II \"Allies of World War II\") as well as German. Relations with Germany were fairly steady until November 1942, when crushing losses on the [Eastern Front](/wiki/Eastern_Front_%28World_War_II%29 \"Eastern Front (World War II)\") led the SSI, at Cristescu's order, to cultivate links with the Allies’ intelligence services. Of particular note was [Operation Autonomous](/wiki/Operation_Autonomous \"Operation Autonomous\"), in which three British agents were parachuted into Romania on 23 December 1943, captured, and interrogated directly by Cristescu (with Antonescu's approval), who refused to hand them over for questioning in [Berlin](/wiki/Berlin \"Berlin\"). Using the three, over the following months Cristescu bargained with the [SOE](/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive \"Special Operations Executive\"), holding out the prospect of an armistice whereby Romania would switch sides in the war. He was aware of the secret armistice negotiations being undertaken by the leaders of the political opposition with the British and the Americans. Germany pressed for their arrest, but Cristescu (again so directed by Antonescu) assured them their protection, and even took part in the discussions.\n\n",
"### Downfall\n\nOn 23 August 1944, the [King Michael's Coup](/wiki/King_Michael%27s_Coup \"King Michael's Coup\") took place and brought Romania over to the Allies, but the event took Cristescu by surprise. He was arrested on 24 September, initially interrogated by the Romanian authorities. On 14 October, the Allied Soviet High Command took him into custody; together with generals , , and [Constantin Tobescu](/wiki/Constantin_Tobescu \"Constantin Tobescu\"), Marshal Ion Antonescu and his wife Maria, and professors Mihai Antonescu, [Gheorghe Alexianu](/wiki/Gheorghe_Alexianu \"Gheorghe Alexianu\"), and [Radu Lecca](/wiki/Radu_Lecca \"Radu Lecca\"), he was taken to [Moscow](/wiki/Moscow \"Moscow\"), where the group remained until spring 1946\\.\n\nOn 17 May 1946, accused before the [Bucharest People's Tribunal](/wiki/Romanian_People%27s_Tribunals \"Romanian People's Tribunals\"), he was sentenced to death for \"war crimes and the national disaster\". High Royal Decree nr. 1746 commuted his sentence to hard labour for life, along with those of Lecca (former commissioner general for the Jewish question) and General Pantazi. This decree was initiated by [Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu](/wiki/Lucre%C8%9Biu_P%C4%83tr%C4%83%C8%99canu \"Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu\"), Justice Minister in the Communist\\-dominated [Petru Groza](/wiki/Petru_Groza \"Petru Groza\") government. In May 1946, Cristescu was incarcerated at [Jilava Prison](/wiki/Jilava_Prison \"Jilava Prison\"). He died four years later in [Văcărești Prison](/wiki/V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti_Prison \"Văcărești Prison\"); the official autopsy record indicated his death was due to [coronary artery disease](/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease \"Coronary artery disease\").\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:1895 births](/wiki/Category:1895_births \"1895 births\")\n[Category:1950 deaths](/wiki/Category:1950_deaths \"1950 deaths\")\n[Category:People from Bacău County](/wiki/Category:People_from_Bac%C4%83u_County \"People from Bacău County\")\n[Category:Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Romanian_Orthodox_Church \"Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church\")\n[Category:Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni](/wiki/Category:Alexandru_Ioan_Cuza_University_alumni \"Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni\")\n[Category:Directors of the Romanian Intelligence Service](/wiki/Category:Directors_of_the_Romanian_Intelligence_Service \"Directors of the Romanian Intelligence Service\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Romanian lawyers](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Romanian_lawyers \"20th-century Romanian lawyers\")\n[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Romania](/wiki/Category:Holocaust_perpetrators_in_Romania \"Holocaust perpetrators in Romania\")\n[Category:Inmates of Jilava Prison](/wiki/Category:Inmates_of_Jilava_Prison \"Inmates of Jilava Prison\")\n[Category:Romanian people convicted of war crimes](/wiki/Category:Romanian_people_convicted_of_war_crimes \"Romanian people convicted of war crimes\")\n[Category:Romanian collaborators with Nazi Germany](/wiki/Category:Romanian_collaborators_with_Nazi_Germany \"Romanian collaborators with Nazi Germany\")\n[Category:Romanian prisoners sentenced to death](/wiki/Category:Romanian_prisoners_sentenced_to_death \"Romanian prisoners sentenced to death\")\n[Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Romania](/wiki/Category:Prisoners_sentenced_to_death_by_Romania \"Prisoners sentenced to death by Romania\")\n[Category:People detained by the Securitate](/wiki/Category:People_detained_by_the_Securitate \"People detained by the Securitate\")\n[Category:Romanian people who died in prison custody](/wiki/Category:Romanian_people_who_died_in_prison_custody \"Romanian people who died in prison custody\")\n[Category:Prisoners who died in Romanian detention](/wiki/Category:Prisoners_who_died_in_Romanian_detention \"Prisoners who died in Romanian detention\")\n[Category:Inmates of Văcărești Prison](/wiki/Category:Inmates_of_V%C4%83c%C4%83re%C8%99ti_Prison \"Inmates of Văcărești Prison\")\n\n"
]
} |
Laos–Vietnam relations | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"95.252.188.198"
]
} | b3ybfgbylk6gmp74gwx4zqnf5g0dnty | 2024-09-10T16:56:31Z | 1,243,315,074 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Country comparison",
"History",
"Antiquity and medieval era",
"Modern era",
"Bilateral relations and commerce",
"Diplomatic missions",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Laos–Vietnam relations** () ([Laotian](/wiki/Lao_language \"Lao language\"): ການພົວພັນ ລາວ\\-ຫວຽດນາມ) are the traditional friendship, special solidarity and comprehensive cooperation from history to the present between the [Lao People's Democratic Republic](/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Democratic_Republic \"Lao People's Democratic Republic\") and [Socialist Republic of Vietnam](/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam \"Socialist Republic of Vietnam\"). The relationship is considered by the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Lao People's Revolutionary Party as well as the State of the two countries as a special relationship with the role of strategic allies but without any alliance commitments.\n\n",
"Country comparison\n------------------\n\n| \\+ | Common name | [Laos](/wiki/Laos \"Laos\") | [Vietnam](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Official name | Lao People’s Democratic Republic | Socialist Republic of Vietnam |\n| Emblem | [center\\|130x130px](/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Laos.svg \"Emblem of Laos.svg\") | [center\\|133x133px](/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg \"Emblem of Vietnam.svg\") |\n| Flag | [center\\|130x130px](/wiki/File:Flag_of_Laos.svg \"Flag of Laos.svg\") | [center\\|130x130px](/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg \"Flag of Vietnam.svg\") |\n| Capital | [Vientiane](/wiki/Vientiane \"Vientiane\") | [Hanoi](/wiki/Hanoi \"Hanoi\") |\n| Largest city | [Vientiane](/wiki/Vientiane \"Vientiane\") | [Ho Chi Minh City](/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City \"Ho Chi Minh City\") |\n| Government | Unitary [Marxist–Leninist](/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism \"Marxism–Leninism\") one\\-party [socialist republic](/wiki/Socialist_state \"Socialist state\") | Unitary [Marxist–Leninist](/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism \"Marxism–Leninism\") one\\-party [socialist republic](/wiki/Socialist_state \"Socialist state\") |\n| First leader | [Souphanouvong](/wiki/Souphanouvong \"Souphanouvong\") | [Ho Chi Minh](/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh \"Ho Chi Minh\") |\n| Current leader | [Thongloun Sisoulith](/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith \"Thongloun Sisoulith\") | [Tô Lâm](/wiki/T%C3%B4_L%C3%A2m \"Tô Lâm\") |\n| Religion | [Buddhism](/wiki/Buddhism \"Buddhism\"), [Tai folk religion](/wiki/Tai_folk_religion \"Tai folk religion\"), [Christianity](/wiki/Christianity \"Christianity\") | [Irreligion](/wiki/Irreligion \"Irreligion\")/ [folk](/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion \"Vietnamese folk religion\") |\n| Official languages | [Lao](/wiki/Lao_language \"Lao language\") | [Vietnamese](/wiki/Vietnamese_language \"Vietnamese language\") |\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### Antiquity and medieval era\n\nLaos and Vietnam share a common border and consequently have had a very complicated relationship. Laotian kingdoms often clashed with Vietnamese dynasties and sometimes these clashes would evolve into wars. Several border conflicts and territorial disputes would arise, but the most notable of these was the Vietnamese invasion of Laos in the late 15th century. The Vietnamese [Later Lê dynasty](/wiki/Later_L%C3%AA_dynasty \"Later Lê dynasty\") invaded and devastated Laos for nearly two years. The Vietnamese subsequently retreated over a span of 10 years (between 1480 and 1490\\). The Vietnamese would not return to Laos for 200 years thereafter. However, the Vietnamese invasion damaged Laos heavily and made it seriously weakened. Laos could not resist future Vietnamese incursions into the country, despite the fact that they had fostered closer ties with the [Ayutthaya Kingdom](/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom \"Ayutthaya Kingdom\").\n\n### Modern era\n\nLaotian modern relations with [Vietnam](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") had secretly set the strategy for the [Lao People's Revolutionary Party](/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party \"Lao People's Revolutionary Party\") (LPRP) during the struggle to achieve power, and the \"sudden\" opportunity to establish the [Lao People's Democratic Republic](/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Democratic_Republic \"Lao People's Democratic Republic\") in 1975 left no leeway to consider foreign policy alignments other than a continuation of the \"special relations\" with Vietnam. The relationship cultivated in the revolutionary stage predisposed Laos to [Indochinese](/wiki/Indochinese \"Indochinese\") solidarity in the reconstruction and \"socialist construction\" phases and all but ensured that relations or alignments with [China](/wiki/China \"China\") and Thailand would be wary and potentially unfriendly. Further, the LPRP, unlike the [Cambodian](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") communists under [Pol Pot](/wiki/Pol_Pot \"Pol Pot\"), was far too accustomed to accepting Vietnamese advice to consider striking out on its own. The final seizure of power by the hitherto secret LPRP in 1975 brought both a public acknowledgement of the previously hidden North Vietnamese guidance of the party and genuine expressions of gratitude by the LPRP to its Vietnamese partners. The challenge facing the ruling group—the construction of a socialist society—was seen as a natural extension of past collaboration with [North Vietnam](/wiki/North_Vietnam \"North Vietnam\"). The revolution was simply entering a new phase in 1975, and the LPRP leaders congratulated themselves upon ousting the \"imperialists\" and looked forward to advice and economic as well as military support, which was not available from any neighbor or counter revolutionary state.Brown, MacAlister and Joseph J. Zasloff. \"Relations with Vietnam\". [*Laos: a country study*](http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html) (Andrea Matles Savada, editor). [Library of Congress](/wiki/Library_of_Congress \"Library of Congress\") [Federal Research Division](/wiki/Federal_Research_Division \"Federal Research Division\") (July 1994\\). *This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [public domain](/wiki/Public_domain \"Public domain\").*\n\nLPRP leaders were accustomed to discussing policies as well as studying doctrine in Hanoi. They formalized governmental contacts with their mentors at biannual meetings of the foreign ministers of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam starting in 1980 and through the joint [Vietnam\\-Laos Cooperative Commission](/wiki/Vietnam-Laos_Cooperative_Commission \"Vietnam-Laos Cooperative Commission\"), which met annually to review progress of various projects. Other levels of cooperation between Laos and Vietnam existed, for example, party\\-to\\-party meetings and province\\-to\\-province exchanges, as well as mass organizations for youths and women. Meetings of the commission were held regularly.\n\nThe primary channels for Vietnam's influence in Laos, however, were the LPRP and the LPA. In the LPRP, long\\-standing collaboration and consultation at the very top made special committees unnecessary, whereas in the LPA, the Vietnamese advisers, instructors, and troops on station constituted a pervasive, inescapable influence, even though they scrupulously avoided public exposure by sticking to their designated base areas. Cooperation in the military field was probably the most extensive, with logistics, training, and communications largely supplied by Vietnam throughout the 1970s and 1980s (heavy ordnance and aircraft were provided by the Soviet Union).\n\nIn July 1977, Laos and Vietnam signed a 25\\-year Treaty of Friendship which defined the relationship between the two as a \"special relationship\". The treaty legitimated the presence of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and established preferential trade terms for Vietnam. Another element of cooperation involved hundreds of Vietnamese advisers who mentored their Laotian counterparts in virtually all the ministries in [Vientiane](/wiki/Vientiane \"Vientiane\"). Hundreds of LPRP stalwarts and technicians studied in institutes of Marxism–Leninism or technical schools in Hanoi.\n\nThe resources that Vietnam was able to bestow upon its revolutionary partner, however, were severely limited by the physical destruction of war and the deadening orthodoxy of its economic structures and policies. However, it could put in a good word for its Laotian apprentices with the [Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union \"Soviet Union\"), which in turn could recommend economic assistance projects to its [East European](/wiki/East_Europe \"East Europe\") satellite states. Yet, Vietnam's influence on Laos was determined by economic assistance and ideology as well as by geographical and historical proximity. The two nations fit together, as the leaders liked to say, \"like lips and teeth.\" Vietnam provided landlocked Laos a route to the sea, and the mountainous region of eastern Laos provided Vietnam a forward strategic position for challenging Thai hegemony in the Mekong Valley.\n\nDuring the 1980s, Vietnam's regional opponents attributed to it a neo\\-colonial ambition to create an \"Indochina Federation.\" This phrase can be found in early pronouncements of the ICP in its struggle against the [French colonial](/wiki/French_colonial \"French colonial\") structures in Indochina. The charge, exaggerated as it was, lost its currency once Vietnam withdrew its troops from [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") in 1989 and subsequently from Laos. Laos's dependence on Vietnam since 1975 could then be perceived as a natural extension of their collaboration and solidarity in revolution rather than as domination by Vietnam.\n\nWith the departure of Vietnamese military forces—except for some construction engineers—and the passing of most senior Vietnamese revolutionary partners, the magnetism of the special relationship lost its grip. Further, Vietnam was never able to muster large\\-scale economic aid programs. It launched only 200 assistance projects between 1975 and 1985, whereas the Soviet Union generated considerably more in the way of contributions. In 1992 the long\\-standing Vietnamese ambassador to Laos, a veteran of fourteen years' service, characterized the relationship as composed \"d'amitié et de coopération multiforme entre les pays\" (of friendship and diverse cooperation between the two countries). This pronouncement was far less compelling than the \"objective law of existence and development\" formulation sometimes expressed in the past.\n\nAlthough Vietnam's historical record of leadership in the revolution and its military power and proximity will not cease to exist, Laos struck out ahead of Vietnam with its [New Economic Mechanism](/wiki/New_Economic_Mechanism_%28Laos%29 \"New Economic Mechanism (Laos)\") to introduce market mechanisms into its economy. In doing so, Laos has opened the door to rapprochement with Thailand and China at some expense to its special dependence on Vietnam. Laos might have reached the same point of normalization in following Vietnam's economic and diplomatic change, but by moving ahead resolutely and responding to Thai and Chinese gestures, Laos has broadened its range of donors, trading partners, and investors independent of Vietnam's attempts to accomplish the same goal. Thus, Vietnam remains in the shadows as a mentor and emergency ally, and the tutelage of Laos has shifted dramatically to development banks and international entrepreneurs.\n\nLaos was a site of the [Ho Chi Minh trail](/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail \"Ho Chi Minh trail\") used by North Vietnam. [http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index\\-1945\\.html](http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1945.html) Laos was also bombed by South Vietnamese and American forces due to North Vietnamese occupation of eastern Laos. Laos contains Vietnamese soldiers stationed there since Vietnam and Laos signed a treaty to create a united sphere and to support repair after the Laotian Civil War. Due to its dominance during the 19th century Vietnam regards Cambodia and Laos as vassal tributary states. Overseas Laotian opposition regard the Laotian government as a stooge of Vietnam.\n\n",
"### Antiquity and medieval era\n\nLaos and Vietnam share a common border and consequently have had a very complicated relationship. Laotian kingdoms often clashed with Vietnamese dynasties and sometimes these clashes would evolve into wars. Several border conflicts and territorial disputes would arise, but the most notable of these was the Vietnamese invasion of Laos in the late 15th century. The Vietnamese [Later Lê dynasty](/wiki/Later_L%C3%AA_dynasty \"Later Lê dynasty\") invaded and devastated Laos for nearly two years. The Vietnamese subsequently retreated over a span of 10 years (between 1480 and 1490\\). The Vietnamese would not return to Laos for 200 years thereafter. However, the Vietnamese invasion damaged Laos heavily and made it seriously weakened. Laos could not resist future Vietnamese incursions into the country, despite the fact that they had fostered closer ties with the [Ayutthaya Kingdom](/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom \"Ayutthaya Kingdom\").\n\n",
"### Modern era\n\nLaotian modern relations with [Vietnam](/wiki/Vietnam \"Vietnam\") had secretly set the strategy for the [Lao People's Revolutionary Party](/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party \"Lao People's Revolutionary Party\") (LPRP) during the struggle to achieve power, and the \"sudden\" opportunity to establish the [Lao People's Democratic Republic](/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Democratic_Republic \"Lao People's Democratic Republic\") in 1975 left no leeway to consider foreign policy alignments other than a continuation of the \"special relations\" with Vietnam. The relationship cultivated in the revolutionary stage predisposed Laos to [Indochinese](/wiki/Indochinese \"Indochinese\") solidarity in the reconstruction and \"socialist construction\" phases and all but ensured that relations or alignments with [China](/wiki/China \"China\") and Thailand would be wary and potentially unfriendly. Further, the LPRP, unlike the [Cambodian](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") communists under [Pol Pot](/wiki/Pol_Pot \"Pol Pot\"), was far too accustomed to accepting Vietnamese advice to consider striking out on its own. The final seizure of power by the hitherto secret LPRP in 1975 brought both a public acknowledgement of the previously hidden North Vietnamese guidance of the party and genuine expressions of gratitude by the LPRP to its Vietnamese partners. The challenge facing the ruling group—the construction of a socialist society—was seen as a natural extension of past collaboration with [North Vietnam](/wiki/North_Vietnam \"North Vietnam\"). The revolution was simply entering a new phase in 1975, and the LPRP leaders congratulated themselves upon ousting the \"imperialists\" and looked forward to advice and economic as well as military support, which was not available from any neighbor or counter revolutionary state.Brown, MacAlister and Joseph J. Zasloff. \"Relations with Vietnam\". [*Laos: a country study*](http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/latoc.html) (Andrea Matles Savada, editor). [Library of Congress](/wiki/Library_of_Congress \"Library of Congress\") [Federal Research Division](/wiki/Federal_Research_Division \"Federal Research Division\") (July 1994\\). *This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [public domain](/wiki/Public_domain \"Public domain\").*\n\nLPRP leaders were accustomed to discussing policies as well as studying doctrine in Hanoi. They formalized governmental contacts with their mentors at biannual meetings of the foreign ministers of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam starting in 1980 and through the joint [Vietnam\\-Laos Cooperative Commission](/wiki/Vietnam-Laos_Cooperative_Commission \"Vietnam-Laos Cooperative Commission\"), which met annually to review progress of various projects. Other levels of cooperation between Laos and Vietnam existed, for example, party\\-to\\-party meetings and province\\-to\\-province exchanges, as well as mass organizations for youths and women. Meetings of the commission were held regularly.\n\nThe primary channels for Vietnam's influence in Laos, however, were the LPRP and the LPA. In the LPRP, long\\-standing collaboration and consultation at the very top made special committees unnecessary, whereas in the LPA, the Vietnamese advisers, instructors, and troops on station constituted a pervasive, inescapable influence, even though they scrupulously avoided public exposure by sticking to their designated base areas. Cooperation in the military field was probably the most extensive, with logistics, training, and communications largely supplied by Vietnam throughout the 1970s and 1980s (heavy ordnance and aircraft were provided by the Soviet Union).\n\nIn July 1977, Laos and Vietnam signed a 25\\-year Treaty of Friendship which defined the relationship between the two as a \"special relationship\". The treaty legitimated the presence of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and established preferential trade terms for Vietnam. Another element of cooperation involved hundreds of Vietnamese advisers who mentored their Laotian counterparts in virtually all the ministries in [Vientiane](/wiki/Vientiane \"Vientiane\"). Hundreds of LPRP stalwarts and technicians studied in institutes of Marxism–Leninism or technical schools in Hanoi.\n\nThe resources that Vietnam was able to bestow upon its revolutionary partner, however, were severely limited by the physical destruction of war and the deadening orthodoxy of its economic structures and policies. However, it could put in a good word for its Laotian apprentices with the [Soviet Union](/wiki/Soviet_Union \"Soviet Union\"), which in turn could recommend economic assistance projects to its [East European](/wiki/East_Europe \"East Europe\") satellite states. Yet, Vietnam's influence on Laos was determined by economic assistance and ideology as well as by geographical and historical proximity. The two nations fit together, as the leaders liked to say, \"like lips and teeth.\" Vietnam provided landlocked Laos a route to the sea, and the mountainous region of eastern Laos provided Vietnam a forward strategic position for challenging Thai hegemony in the Mekong Valley.\n\nDuring the 1980s, Vietnam's regional opponents attributed to it a neo\\-colonial ambition to create an \"Indochina Federation.\" This phrase can be found in early pronouncements of the ICP in its struggle against the [French colonial](/wiki/French_colonial \"French colonial\") structures in Indochina. The charge, exaggerated as it was, lost its currency once Vietnam withdrew its troops from [Cambodia](/wiki/Cambodia \"Cambodia\") in 1989 and subsequently from Laos. Laos's dependence on Vietnam since 1975 could then be perceived as a natural extension of their collaboration and solidarity in revolution rather than as domination by Vietnam.\n\nWith the departure of Vietnamese military forces—except for some construction engineers—and the passing of most senior Vietnamese revolutionary partners, the magnetism of the special relationship lost its grip. Further, Vietnam was never able to muster large\\-scale economic aid programs. It launched only 200 assistance projects between 1975 and 1985, whereas the Soviet Union generated considerably more in the way of contributions. In 1992 the long\\-standing Vietnamese ambassador to Laos, a veteran of fourteen years' service, characterized the relationship as composed \"d'amitié et de coopération multiforme entre les pays\" (of friendship and diverse cooperation between the two countries). This pronouncement was far less compelling than the \"objective law of existence and development\" formulation sometimes expressed in the past.\n\nAlthough Vietnam's historical record of leadership in the revolution and its military power and proximity will not cease to exist, Laos struck out ahead of Vietnam with its [New Economic Mechanism](/wiki/New_Economic_Mechanism_%28Laos%29 \"New Economic Mechanism (Laos)\") to introduce market mechanisms into its economy. In doing so, Laos has opened the door to rapprochement with Thailand and China at some expense to its special dependence on Vietnam. Laos might have reached the same point of normalization in following Vietnam's economic and diplomatic change, but by moving ahead resolutely and responding to Thai and Chinese gestures, Laos has broadened its range of donors, trading partners, and investors independent of Vietnam's attempts to accomplish the same goal. Thus, Vietnam remains in the shadows as a mentor and emergency ally, and the tutelage of Laos has shifted dramatically to development banks and international entrepreneurs.\n\nLaos was a site of the [Ho Chi Minh trail](/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_trail \"Ho Chi Minh trail\") used by North Vietnam. [http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index\\-1945\\.html](http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1945.html) Laos was also bombed by South Vietnamese and American forces due to North Vietnamese occupation of eastern Laos. Laos contains Vietnamese soldiers stationed there since Vietnam and Laos signed a treaty to create a united sphere and to support repair after the Laotian Civil War. Due to its dominance during the 19th century Vietnam regards Cambodia and Laos as vassal tributary states. Overseas Laotian opposition regard the Laotian government as a stooge of Vietnam.\n\n",
"Bilateral relations and commerce\n--------------------------------\n\nSince Laos passed the foreign investment promotion law in 1989 until 2012, Vietnam has invested in total 429 projects with a combined value of US$4\\.9 billion, and currently the largest foreign investor in Laos.\n\nThe two countries' bilateral trade was about US$725 million at the end of 2012\\.\n\n",
"Diplomatic missions\n-------------------\n\nVietnam established diplomatic relationship with Laos in 1962\\. \n\nOf Vietnam\n* [Vientiane](/wiki/Vientiane \"Vientiane\") (Embassy)\n* [Luang Prabang](/wiki/Luang_Prabang \"Luang Prabang\") (Consulate)\n* [Pakse](/wiki/Pakse \"Pakse\") (Consulate)\n* [Savannakhet](/wiki/Savannakhet \"Savannakhet\") (Consulate)\n\nOf Laos\n* [Hanoi](/wiki/Hanoi \"Hanoi\") (Embassy)\n* [Ho Chi Minh City](/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City \"Ho Chi Minh City\") (Consulate)\n* [Da Nang](/wiki/Da_Nang \"Da Nang\") (Consulate)\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Laos–Vietnam border](/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Vietnam_border \"Laos–Vietnam border\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Vietnam, Laos split over Mekong dam](http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/03/201133121140930378.html) *[Al Jazeera](/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English \"Al Jazeera English\")*, 3 March 2011\n* [International Boundary Study No. 35 (Revised) – June 3, 1966 Laos – Vietnam Boundary](https://fall.law.fsu.edu/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS035.pdf)\n\n[Vietnam](/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_of_Laos \"Bilateral relations of Laos\")\n[Category:Bilateral relations of Vietnam](/wiki/Category:Bilateral_relations_of_Vietnam \"Bilateral relations of Vietnam\")\n[Category:Relations of colonizer and former colony](/wiki/Category:Relations_of_colonizer_and_former_colony \"Relations of colonizer and former colony\")\n\n"
]
} |
Merci la vie | {
"id": [
47494682
],
"name": [
"Brudelman"
]
} | 9prs6zps2a1b6vew6g62ntq8gsm1djx | 2024-05-02T23:21:46Z | 1,156,051,878 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Cast",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**** (English: **\"Thank You Life\"**) is a 1991 French film written and directed by [Bertrand Blier](/wiki/Bertrand_Blier \"Bertrand Blier\"). It won the [César Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role](/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role \"César Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role\"), and was nominated for [Best Film](/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Film \"César Award for Best Film\"), [Best Actress](/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Actress \"César Award for Best Actress\"), [Best Supporting Actress](/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress \"César Award for Best Supporting Actress\"), [Best Director](/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Director \"César Award for Best Director\"), [Best Writing](/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Writing \"César Award for Best Writing\") and [Best Editing](/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Award_for_Best_Editing \"César Award for Best Editing\").\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nNaive schoolgirl Camille Pelleveau meets the slightly older and more experienced Joëlle, a promiscuous woman who has just been thrown out of a car by her abusive boyfriend. Camille follows Joëlle as they go on a rampage where she discovers sex as they pick up men. Joëlle also shows Camille the darker side of life, as they start by crashing the men's cars and then decide to take on the whole town. However, medical researcher Dr. Marc Antoine Worms has invented a sexually transmitted disease and used Joëlle as a guinea pig by infecting her with it, so that he could become famous as the discoverer of its cure. Camille eventually learns about AIDS and fears she may have contracted the disease.\n\nThe story involves flashbacks, and in one sequence we learn that Camille's parents are feuding. Illogically, she tries to persuade them to reunite long enough for her conception to take place. The surreal plot and series of stylized scenes is in keeping with postmodern cinema, which challenges the notion of original creative thought.\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Charlotte Gainsbourg](/wiki/Charlotte_Gainsbourg \"Charlotte Gainsbourg\") as Camille Pelleveau\n* [Anouk Grinberg](/wiki/Anouk_Grinberg \"Anouk Grinberg\") as Joëlle\n* [Michel Blanc](/wiki/Michel_Blanc \"Michel Blanc\") as Raymond Pelleveau (Young Father)\n* [Jean Carmet](/wiki/Jean_Carmet \"Jean Carmet\") as Raymond Pelleveau (Old Father)\n* [Annie Girardot](/wiki/Annie_Girardot \"Annie Girardot\") as Evangéline Pelleveau (Old Mother)\n* [Catherine Jacob](/wiki/Catherine_Jacob_%28actress%29 \"Catherine Jacob (actress)\") as Evangéline Pelleveau (Young Mother)\n* [Jean\\-Louis Trintignant](/wiki/Jean-Louis_Trintignant \"Jean-Louis Trintignant\") as SS Officer\n* [Thierry Frémont](/wiki/Thierry_Fr%C3%A9mont \"Thierry Frémont\") as François\n* [Gérard Depardieu](/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu \"Gérard Depardieu\") as Doctor Marc Antoine Worms\n* [François Perrot](/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Perrot \"François Perrot\") as Maurice\n* [Yves Rénier](/wiki/Yves_R%C3%A9nier \"Yves Rénier\") as Robert\n* [Jacques Boudet](/wiki/Jacques_Boudet \"Jacques Boudet\") as Craven\n* [Laurent Gamelon](/wiki/Laurent_Gamelon \"Laurent Gamelon\") as The Brother\\-in\\-Law\n* [Anouk Ferjac](/wiki/Anouk_Ferjac \"Anouk Ferjac\") as Mother in clinic\n* [Didier Bénureau](/wiki/Didier_B%C3%A9nureau \"Didier Bénureau\") as Assistant Director\n* [Jean\\-Michel Dupuis](/wiki/Jean-Michel_Dupuis \"Jean-Michel Dupuis\") as Lorry Driver\n* [Vincent Grass](/wiki/Vincent_Grass \"Vincent Grass\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1991 films](/wiki/Category:1991_films \"1991 films\")\n[Category:Films directed by Bertrand Blier](/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Bertrand_Blier \"Films directed by Bertrand Blier\")\n[Category:Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor César Award\\-winning performance](/wiki/Category:Films_featuring_a_Best_Supporting_Actor_C%C3%A9sar_Award-winning_performance \"Films featuring a Best Supporting Actor César Award-winning performance\")\n[Category:French drama films](/wiki/Category:French_drama_films \"French drama films\")\n[Category:1990s French films](/wiki/Category:1990s_French_films \"1990s French films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
1937 Úrvalsdeild | {
"id": [
11877048
],
"name": [
"Jolicnikola"
]
} | gyp4zobl2vropkqwbucx799d5eznzm2 | 2024-05-27T10:08:46Z | 1,136,933,775 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Overview",
"Final league table",
"Results",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nStatistics of [Úrvalsdeild](/wiki/%C3%9Arvalsdeild \"Úrvalsdeild\") in the 1937 season.\n\n",
"Overview\n--------\n\nIt was contested by 3 teams, and [Valur](/wiki/Valur_men%27s_football \"Valur men's football\") won the championship. Valur's Óskar Jónsson was the top scorer with 3 goals.\n\n",
"Final league table\n------------------\n\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Úrvalsdeild karla (football) seasons](/wiki/Category:%C3%9Arvalsdeild_karla_%28football%29_seasons \"Úrvalsdeild karla (football) seasons\")\n[Iceland](/wiki/Category:1936%E2%80%9337_in_European_association_football_leagues \"1936–37 in European association football leagues\")\n[Iceland](/wiki/Category:1937%E2%80%9338_in_European_association_football_leagues \"1937–38 in European association football leagues\")\n[Urvalsdeild](/wiki/Category:1937_in_Iceland \"1937 in Iceland\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Penrose | {
"id": [
7903804
],
"name": [
"Citation bot"
]
} | 1quyv5l44iicvmll5fy9weciomd7cjn | 2023-09-27T02:03:12Z | 1,172,689,942 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Penrose",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"**Penrose** is a neighborhood in [Arlington County, Virginia](/wiki/Arlington_County%2C_Virginia \"Arlington County, Virginia\"), USA, located roughly three miles from [Washington, D.C.](/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C. \"Washington, D.C.\") It is bordered by [Joint Base Myer\\-Henderson Hall](/wiki/Joint_Base_Myer%E2%80%93Henderson_Hall \"Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall\") to the east, [Columbia Pike](/wiki/Virginia_State_Route_244 \"Virginia State Route 244\") to the south, S. Walter Reed Drive and S. Fillmore St. to the west and [U.S. Route 50](/wiki/U.S._Route_50 \"U.S. Route 50\") to the north. The Naval Support Facility Arlington is located within the neighborhood boundaries.\n\nIt is a multi\\-cultural neighborhood which includes houses from the early 1900s up to new construction. The neighborhood includes the [Penrose Historic District](/wiki/Penrose_Historic_District \"Penrose Historic District\"). The neighborhood is a mix of single family homes, duplexes, townhouses, condominiums, and apartments. There are three public parks located throughout the neighborhood: Towers Park in the southeast corner of the neighborhood, Penrose Park, located in the center of the neighborhood, and Butler Holmes Park, located in the northern part of the neighborhood.\n\nThe southern part of the neighborhood, bordering Columbia Pike, is made up of mixed use commercial and residential buildings, including a number of restaurants and stores.\n\nPenrose is less than 1 mile from [Arlington National Cemetery](/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery \"Arlington National Cemetery\"), less than 2 miles from the [Pentagon](/wiki/The_Pentagon \"The Pentagon\"), the [Foreign Service Institute](/wiki/Foreign_Service_Institute \"Foreign Service Institute\"), [Pentagon City](/wiki/Pentagon_City \"Pentagon City\") and the [Pentagon City Metro Station](/wiki/Pentagon_City_station \"Pentagon City station\"), and less than 3 miles from [Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport](/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport \"Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport\") and the Arlington neighborhoods of [Rosslyn](/wiki/Rosslyn%2C_Virginia \"Rosslyn, Virginia\") and [Shirlington](/wiki/Shirlington%2C_Arlington%2C_Virginia \"Shirlington, Arlington, Virginia\"). Neighboring Arlington neighborhoods include [Lyon Park](/wiki/Lyon_Park_Historic_District \"Lyon Park Historic District\") to the north and the [Arlington Heights Historic District](/wiki/Arlington_Heights_Historic_District \"Arlington Heights Historic District\") to the west.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Neighborhoods in Arlington County, Virginia](/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_in_Arlington_County%2C_Virginia \"Neighborhoods in Arlington County, Virginia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Gondékoubé | {
"id": [
7264712
],
"name": [
"LuK3"
]
} | hbznh61bnw8zavmxtfxzwj3sp69jprm | 2023-12-12T16:09:51Z | 1,189,556,782 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Gondékoubé** is a town in the [Rollo Department](/wiki/Rollo_Department \"Rollo Department\") of [Bam Province](/wiki/Bam_Province \"Bam Province\") in northern [Burkina Faso](/wiki/Burkina_Faso \"Burkina Faso\"). It has a population of 3548\\.[Burkinabé government inforoute communale](http://www.inforoute-communale.gov.bf/list_vill/centre_nord.htm) \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Satellite map at Maplandia.com](http://www.maplandia.com/burkina-faso/bam/rollo/gondekoube/)\n\n[Category:Populated places in the Centre\\-Nord Region](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_the_Centre-Nord_Region \"Populated places in the Centre-Nord Region\")\n[Category:Bam Province](/wiki/Category:Bam_Province \"Bam Province\")\n\n"
]
} |
The Randies | {
"id": [
46696161
],
"name": [
"Death pact (again)"
]
} | a7nhok2rql0yk5mlyip8t1447xq02wz | 2024-03-14T20:24:20Z | 1,150,849,073 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Band members",
"Awards",
"Albums",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**The Randies** are a female\\-fronted [punk rock](/wiki/Punk_rock \"Punk rock\") band from [Los Angeles, California](/wiki/Los_Angeles%2C_California \"Los Angeles, California\"). They have been featured in *[Blender](/wiki/Blender_%28magazine%29 \"Blender (magazine)\")*,[Blender's Hottest Women In Rock Article](http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2295) as well as selected as the featured artists of the month on [Fender](/wiki/Fender_Musical_Instruments_Corporation \"Fender Musical Instruments Corporation\")'s website.[The Randies featured on Fender's website](http://www.fender.com/artists/index.php?id=87) The Randies have produced two full\\-length albums, and also two music videos for songs from their second release. They toured often, only taking a few months off at a time when they reach their home in California. Their most recent major appearance was on the [Vans Warped Tour](/wiki/Vans_Warped_Tour \"Vans Warped Tour\") in summer of 2008\\.\n\nThe band hasn't played together since April, 2009 when their van, containing all of their instruments and gear, was stolen in [Silverlake, California](/wiki/Silverlake%2C_California \"Silverlake, California\") the night before a scheduled concert.\n\n",
"Band members\n------------\n\nSienna DeGovia plays the bass guitar and sings both lead and back\\-up vocals. Laura Cataldo plays rhythm guitar and sings back\\-up vocals. Laurita Guaico Harrison plays lead guitar and sings both lead and back\\-up vocals. The drummer on the last recorded album was Aaron Polk, however, he is no longer with the band. The last touring drummer was Joel Ronamoe, also of Duane Peters Gunfight. For the 2008 tour, Tosha Jones, formerly of Emerson Rose, joined up as the drummer. Tosha joined [Saliva](/wiki/Saliva_%28band%29 \"Saliva (band)\") in 2018\\. Former members include Megan McCarter on Guitar and [Mark Powell](/wiki/Mark_Powell_%28drummer%29 \"Mark Powell (drummer)\") ([Kosmos Express](/wiki/Kosmos_Express \"Kosmos Express\"), [The Get Set](/wiki/The_Get_Set \"The Get Set\")) on Drums.\n\n",
"Awards\n------\n\nThe Randies were nominated and won the award for \"Punk Rock Night's Sexiest Band of 2006\" at the 2006 Punk Rock Night Awards Show held at The Historic Melody Inn in [Indianapolis, Indiana](/wiki/Indianapolis%2C_Indiana \"Indianapolis, Indiana\"). The band was also nominated for the 8th Annual Independent Music Awards Punk Song of the year for \"Change The Conversation\".\n\n",
"Albums\n------\n\n*At the Friendship Motor Inn* (2004\\)\n1. \"Boys in Stereo\"\n2. \"Threadbare\"\n3. \"Dreamdate\"\n4. \"Hyperion\"\n5. \"Cookie\"\n6. \"The Way It Goes\"\n7. \"Good for You\"\n8. \"Iron Monkey\"\n9. \"Put Out\"\n10. \"Make It Right\"\n11. \"Kevin Bacon\"\n12. \"Star\"\n\n*Saw The Light* (2006\\)\n1. \"Freezerburn\"\n2. \"Thought I Could Change\"\n3. \"Born Again\"\n4. \"Up In Lights\"\n5. \"Socialite (Kiss or Kill)\"\n6. \"Wrecking Ball (The Shovel Song)\"\n7. \"Boxing Day\"\n8. \"Breakfast Worthy\"\n9. \"Broken Man\"\n10. \"Dig Me a Hole\"\n11. \"Move On\"\n\nAlso featured on\n* ***Warped Tour 2008 Tour Compilation***\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Vans Warped Tour](http://www.vanswarpedtour.com)\n* [Punk Rock Night, Indianapolis](http://www.punkrocknight.com)\n\n[Category:All\\-female punk bands](/wiki/Category:All-female_punk_bands \"All-female punk bands\")\n[Category:Pop punk groups from California](/wiki/Category:Pop_punk_groups_from_California \"Pop punk groups from California\")\n[Category:History of women in California](/wiki/Category:History_of_women_in_California \"History of women in California\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Graham Rose | {
"id": [
7098284
],
"name": [
"Tassedethe"
]
} | izfdtn7rp9kcebordp0smqhnm0xkcp6 | 2012-01-14T18:44:38Z | 305,982,012 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Graham Rose"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Graham Rose** may refer to:\n\n* [Graham Rose (cricketer)](/wiki/Graham_Rose_%28cricketer%29 \"Graham Rose (cricketer)\") (born 1964\\), former English cricketer for Somerset\n* [Graham Rose (bishop)](/wiki/Graham_Rose_%28bishop%29 \"Graham Rose (bishop)\") (born 1944\\), current bishop of the Catholic diocese of Dundee, South Africa\n\n"
]
} |
Kiganda | {
"id": [
3311318
],
"name": [
"Aymatth2"
]
} | qd42tisd1lff4va93c8sbj0qpzvr334 | 2024-07-09T15:48:45Z | 901,972,839 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Kiganda"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Kiganda** may refer to:\n* [Kiganda, Murang'a, central Kenya](/wiki/Kiganda%2C_Murang%27a%2C_central_Kenya \"Kiganda, Murang'a, central Kenya\")\n* [Buganda](/wiki/Buganda \"Buganda\")\n* [Kiganda, Bisoro](/wiki/Kiganda%2C_Bisoro \"Kiganda, Bisoro\"), Burundi\n* [Kiganda, Bururi](/wiki/Kiganda%2C_Bururi \"Kiganda, Bururi\"), Burundi\n* [Kiganda, Muramvya](/wiki/Kiganda%2C_Muramvya \"Kiganda, Muramvya\"), Burundi\n\t+ [Commune of Kiganda](/wiki/Commune_of_Kiganda \"Commune of Kiganda\"), whose seat is in Kiganda, Muramvya\n* [Kiganda, Rwanda](/wiki/Kiganda%2C_Rwanda \"Kiganda, Rwanda\")\n* [Kiganda, Mubende](/wiki/Kiganda%2C_Mubende \"Kiganda, Mubende\"), Uganda\n* [Kiganda, Kamuli](/wiki/Kiganda%2C_Kamuli \"Kiganda, Kamuli\"), Uganda\n\n"
]
} |
WQOS-LP | {
"id": [
19895351
],
"name": [
"Mdann52 bot"
]
} | rqroc6tye0jk3bco4ocrd0ecplg4uls | 2024-07-18T14:06:39Z | 1,219,940,795 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**WQOS\\-LP** (98\\.9 [FM](/wiki/FM_broadcasting \"FM broadcasting\"), \"98\\.9 The Pit\") was a [radio station](/wiki/Radio_station \"Radio station\") formerly licensed to serve [Mount Pleasant, Michigan](/wiki/Mount_Pleasant%2C_Michigan \"Mount Pleasant, Michigan\"), United States. It aired a [Classic rock](/wiki/Classic_rock \"Classic rock\") music format. The station was owned by Children Saving Children Services.\n\nThe station was assigned the WQOS\\-LP call letters by the [Federal Communications Commission](/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission \"Federal Communications Commission\") (FCC) on January 9, 2004\\.\n\nThe station's license expired on October 1, 2012\\. On October 5, 2012, the FCC cancelled the station's license and deleted the WQOS\\-LP call sign from its database.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[QOS\\-LP](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_Michigan \"Radio stations in Michigan\")\n[QOS\\-LP](/wiki/Category:Low-power_FM_radio_stations_in_Michigan \"Low-power FM radio stations in Michigan\")\n[Category:Classic rock radio stations in the United States](/wiki/Category:Classic_rock_radio_stations_in_the_United_States \"Classic rock radio stations in the United States\")\n[Category:Radio stations established in 2004](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_established_in_2004 \"Radio stations established in 2004\")\n[Category:Defunct radio stations in the United States](/wiki/Category:Defunct_radio_stations_in_the_United_States \"Defunct radio stations in the United States\")\n[Category:Radio stations disestablished in 2012](/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_disestablished_in_2012 \"Radio stations disestablished in 2012\")\n[Category:2004 establishments in Michigan](/wiki/Category:2004_establishments_in_Michigan \"2004 establishments in Michigan\")\n[Category:2012 disestablishments in Michigan](/wiki/Category:2012_disestablishments_in_Michigan \"2012 disestablishments in Michigan\")\n[QOS\\-LP](/wiki/Category:Defunct_mass_media_in_Michigan \"Defunct mass media in Michigan\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
City Market (Petersburg, Virginia) | {
"id": [
33299132
],
"name": [
"Pbritti"
]
} | nhbzb60doxgpfqr2bu5kcimi2uopndl | 2024-06-30T02:00:20Z | 1,091,259,958 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**City Market**, also known as **Farmers Market**, is an historic [public market](/wiki/Marketplaces%23Types \"Marketplaces#Types\") located at 9 East Old Street in [Petersburg](/wiki/Petersburg%2C_Virginia \"Petersburg, Virginia\"), [Virginia](/wiki/Virginia \"Virginia\"). It was built in 1878–1879 through a land given in trust by merchant Robert Balling. The City Market is an [octagonal](/wiki/Octagon \"Octagon\") brick building. It measures 93 feet in diameter and is surrounded by a large metal canopy supported on elaborate iron brackets. and [*Accompanying photo*](http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Petersburg/CityMarket_photo.htm) The market’s high\\-rafted interior was originally where perishables were sold, whereas the outside stalls were for produce.\n\nIt was added to the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\") in 1969\\. It is located in the [Petersburg Old Town Historic District](/wiki/Petersburg_Old_Town_Historic_District \"Petersburg Old Town Historic District\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Old Farmers' Market, West Old \\& Rock Streets, Petersburg, Petersburg, VA](https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/va0364/): 4 photos, 4 measured drawings, and 10 data pages at [Historic American Buildings Survey](/wiki/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey \"Historic American Buildings Survey\")\n\n[Category:Retail markets in the United States](/wiki/Category:Retail_markets_in_the_United_States \"Retail markets in the United States\")\n[Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia](/wiki/Category:Commercial_buildings_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Virginia \"Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia\")\n[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Petersburg, Virginia](/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Petersburg%2C_Virginia \"National Register of Historic Places in Petersburg, Virginia\")\n[Category:Octagonal buildings in the United States](/wiki/Category:Octagonal_buildings_in_the_United_States \"Octagonal buildings in the United States\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures in Petersburg, Virginia](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Petersburg%2C_Virginia \"Buildings and structures in Petersburg, Virginia\")\n[Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1878](/wiki/Category:Commercial_buildings_completed_in_1878 \"Commercial buildings completed in 1878\")\n[Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia](/wiki/Category:Historic_American_Buildings_Survey_in_Virginia \"Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia\")\n[Category:Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Virginia](/wiki/Category:Individually_listed_contributing_properties_to_historic_districts_on_the_National_Register_in_Virginia \"Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Virginia\")\n[Category:Brick buildings and structures in Virginia](/wiki/Category:Brick_buildings_and_structures_in_Virginia \"Brick buildings and structures in Virginia\")\n\n"
]
} |
The Stone Coyotes | {
"id": [
913893
],
"name": [
"Jkaharper"
]
} | a9td2ezy4ycllxdfa787th4qmad5mhd | 2023-04-24T08:57:57Z | 1,151,400,681 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"''Be Cool''",
"Discography",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**The Stone Coyotes** are an American [band](/wiki/Music_ensemble \"Music ensemble\") that debuted with their first album in 1998\\. They hail from Massachusetts but tour primarily in Texas as that is where they receive their most radio airplay.\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\n[Barbara Keith](/wiki/Barbara_Keith \"Barbara Keith\") founded the family\\-revolved band in [Massachusetts](/wiki/Massachusetts \"Massachusetts\") with her family. Doug Tibbles was her husband, and his son John Tibbles is her stepson. Barbara Keith is mainly the [guitarist](/wiki/Guitarist \"Guitarist\"), and also writes most of their songs. Doug started playing drums for the band shortly before the trio was formed, when Keith was signed with [Warner Brothers](/wiki/Warner_Brothers \"Warner Brothers\"). John learned to play the [bass guitar](/wiki/Bass_guitar \"Bass guitar\") at eleven and started playing in the band when he was eighteen.\n\nDouglas Tibbles died on April 12, 2023, at the age of 83\\.[Douglas F. Tibbles](https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/recorder/name/douglas-tibbles-obituary?id=51678921). *Legacy*. Retrieved April 23, 2023\\.\n\n",
"*Be Cool*\n---------\n\n*Be Cool* is a [*New York Times* bestselling](/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list \"The New York Times Best Seller list\") crime novel written by [Elmore Leonard](/wiki/Elmore_Leonard \"Elmore Leonard\"). The novel, published in 1999, is the sequel to *[Get Shorty](/wiki/Get_Shorty \"Get Shorty\")* (1990\\), and was made into a [major motion picture](/wiki/Be_Cool \"Be Cool\") in 2005\\. Barbara Keith was a major influence to this novel, especially its plot. The song \"Odessa\" was written for the book. Five of her songs are mentioned in the actual text.\n\n",
"Discography\n-----------\n\n* *Hit The Ground Running* (2019\\) EP\n* *Sally in the Doorway* (2017\\)\n* *Rock Another Day* (2014\\) [Red Cat Records](/wiki/Red_Cat_Records \"Red Cat Records\")\n* *A Wild Bird Flying* (2012\\) Red Cat Records\n* *I Couldn't Find You* (2011\\) Red Cat Records\n* *My Turn* (2010\\) Red Cat Records\n* *A Rude Awakening* (2009\\) Red Cat Records\n* *VIII* (2008\\) Red Cat Records\n* *Dreams of Glory* (2006\\) Red Cat Records\n* *Fire it Up* (2005\\) Red Cat Records\n* *Rise from the Ashes* (2003\\) Red Cat Records\n* *Ride Away from the World* (2003\\) Red Cat Records\n* *Born to Howl* (2001\\) Red Cat Records\n* *Situation out of Control* (2000\\) Red Cat Records\n* *Church of the Falling Rain* (1998\\) Red Cat Records\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Rock music groups from Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:Rock_music_groups_from_Massachusetts \"Rock music groups from Massachusetts\")\n[Category:American country rock groups](/wiki/Category:American_country_rock_groups \"American country rock groups\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Maki Sakai | {
"id": [
8230836
],
"name": [
"55go"
]
} | bvazm4orb8v2p54yf5qmtfc8guv2xo6 | 2024-06-27T12:21:49Z | 1,228,628,400 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Filmography",
"Film",
"Television",
"Anime",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n (born 17 May 1970 in [Taito, Tokyo](/wiki/Taito%2C_Tokyo \"Taito, Tokyo\")) is a [Japanese](/wiki/Japanese_people \"Japanese people\") [actress](/wiki/Actress \"Actress\"). \n\n",
"Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Film\n\n* *Time Leap* (1997\\)\n* *[Kano](/wiki/Kano_%28film%29 \"Kano (film)\")* (2014\\)\n* *My Friend \"A\"* (2018\\)\n* *[108: Revenge and Adventure of Goro Kaiba](/wiki/108:Kaiba_Gor%C5%8D_no_Fukush%C5%AB_to_B%C5%8Dken \"Kaiba Gorō no Fukushū to Bōken\")* (2019\\), Mari Kaiba\n* *Show Me the Way to the Station* (2019\\)\n* *[The Flowers of Evil](/wiki/The_Flowers_of_Evil_%28manga%29 \"The Flowers of Evil (manga)\")* (2019\\)\n* *Black School Rules* (2019\\), Mari Machida\n* *Fictitious Girl's Diary* (2020\\)\n* *461 Days of Bento: A Promise Between Father and Son* (2020\\), Sakie Endō\n* *The Brightest Roof in the Universe* (2020\\)\n* *Runway* (2020\\)\n* *Peaceful Death* (2021\\)\n* *Brothers in Brothel* (2021\\)\n* *[Baragaki: Unbroken Samurai](/wiki/Baragaki:Unbroken_Samurai \"Unbroken Samurai\")* (2021\\), Satō Nobu\n* *Every Trick in the Book* (2021\\), Kanako\n* *[I Am What I Am](/wiki/I_am_what_I_am_%282022_film%29 \"I am what I am (2022 film)\")* (2022\\), Natsumi Sobata\n* *Do Unto Others* (2023\\)\n* *Father of the Milky Way Railroad* (2023\\), Ichi Miyazawa\n* *Dreaming in Between* (2023\\)\n* *[The Water Flows to the Sea](/wiki/Mizu_wa_Umi_ni_Mukatte_Nagareru \"Mizu wa Umi ni Mukatte Nagareru\")* (2023\\)\n* *One Last Bloom* (2023\\)\n* *Analog* (2023\\), Yoko Asai\n* *My (K)night* (2023\\)\n* *[Let's Go Karaoke!](/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Karaoke%21 \"Let's Go Karaoke!\")* (2024\\)\n* *After the Fever* (2024\\), Tamiko\n* *Manga Artist, Mamoru Hori* (2024\\), Sara Sakura\n* *Ano Hito ga Kieta* (2024\\), Hasebe\n\n### Television\n\n* *Double Kitchen* (1993\\)\n* *Watashi no unmei* (1994\\)\n* *Someday at a Place in the Sun* (2013\\)\n* *[Kaiki Renai Sakusen](/wiki/Kaiki_Renai_Sakusen \"Kaiki Renai Sakusen\")* (2015\\)\n* *Haretsu* (2015\\)\n* *Hitoshi Ueki and Nobosemon* (2017\\)\n* *Kangoku no Ohimesama* (2017\\), Yōko Daimon\n* *Yuganda Hamon* (2019\\)\n* *[Idaten](/wiki/Idaten_%28TV_series%29 \"Idaten (TV series)\")* (2019\\), Kimiko\n* *[Welcome Home, Monet](/wiki/Okaeri_Mone \"Okaeri Mone\")* (2021\\), Minami Oikawa\n* *Bullets, Bones and Blocked Noses* (2021\\), Yumeko Hōjō\n* *A Day\\-Off of Ryunosuke Kamiki* (2022\\)\n\n### Anime\n\n* *[Michiko \\& Hatchin](/wiki/Michiko_%26_Hatchin \"Michiko & Hatchin\")* (2008\\)\n",
"### Film\n\n* *Time Leap* (1997\\)\n* *[Kano](/wiki/Kano_%28film%29 \"Kano (film)\")* (2014\\)\n* *My Friend \"A\"* (2018\\)\n* *[108: Revenge and Adventure of Goro Kaiba](/wiki/108:Kaiba_Gor%C5%8D_no_Fukush%C5%AB_to_B%C5%8Dken \"Kaiba Gorō no Fukushū to Bōken\")* (2019\\), Mari Kaiba\n* *Show Me the Way to the Station* (2019\\)\n* *[The Flowers of Evil](/wiki/The_Flowers_of_Evil_%28manga%29 \"The Flowers of Evil (manga)\")* (2019\\)\n* *Black School Rules* (2019\\), Mari Machida\n* *Fictitious Girl's Diary* (2020\\)\n* *461 Days of Bento: A Promise Between Father and Son* (2020\\), Sakie Endō\n* *The Brightest Roof in the Universe* (2020\\)\n* *Runway* (2020\\)\n* *Peaceful Death* (2021\\)\n* *Brothers in Brothel* (2021\\)\n* *[Baragaki: Unbroken Samurai](/wiki/Baragaki:Unbroken_Samurai \"Unbroken Samurai\")* (2021\\), Satō Nobu\n* *Every Trick in the Book* (2021\\), Kanako\n* *[I Am What I Am](/wiki/I_am_what_I_am_%282022_film%29 \"I am what I am (2022 film)\")* (2022\\), Natsumi Sobata\n* *Do Unto Others* (2023\\)\n* *Father of the Milky Way Railroad* (2023\\), Ichi Miyazawa\n* *Dreaming in Between* (2023\\)\n* *[The Water Flows to the Sea](/wiki/Mizu_wa_Umi_ni_Mukatte_Nagareru \"Mizu wa Umi ni Mukatte Nagareru\")* (2023\\)\n* *One Last Bloom* (2023\\)\n* *Analog* (2023\\), Yoko Asai\n* *My (K)night* (2023\\)\n* *[Let's Go Karaoke!](/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Karaoke%21 \"Let's Go Karaoke!\")* (2024\\)\n* *After the Fever* (2024\\), Tamiko\n* *Manga Artist, Mamoru Hori* (2024\\), Sara Sakura\n* *Ano Hito ga Kieta* (2024\\), Hasebe\n",
"### Television\n\n* *Double Kitchen* (1993\\)\n* *Watashi no unmei* (1994\\)\n* *Someday at a Place in the Sun* (2013\\)\n* *[Kaiki Renai Sakusen](/wiki/Kaiki_Renai_Sakusen \"Kaiki Renai Sakusen\")* (2015\\)\n* *Haretsu* (2015\\)\n* *Hitoshi Ueki and Nobosemon* (2017\\)\n* *Kangoku no Ohimesama* (2017\\), Yōko Daimon\n* *Yuganda Hamon* (2019\\)\n* *[Idaten](/wiki/Idaten_%28TV_series%29 \"Idaten (TV series)\")* (2019\\), Kimiko\n* *[Welcome Home, Monet](/wiki/Okaeri_Mone \"Okaeri Mone\")* (2021\\), Minami Oikawa\n* *Bullets, Bones and Blocked Noses* (2021\\), Yumeko Hōjō\n* *A Day\\-Off of Ryunosuke Kamiki* (2022\\)\n",
"### Anime\n\n* *[Michiko \\& Hatchin](/wiki/Michiko_%26_Hatchin \"Michiko & Hatchin\")* (2008\\)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official personal blog](https://web.archive.org/web/20080308144619/http://ameblo.jp/maki-sakai/) \n[Category:Japanese voice actresses](/wiki/Category:Japanese_voice_actresses \"Japanese voice actresses\")\n[Category:1970 births](/wiki/Category:1970_births \"1970 births\")\n[Category:People from Taitō](/wiki/Category:People_from_Tait%C5%8D \"People from Taitō\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Stardust Promotion artists](/wiki/Category:Stardust_Promotion_artists \"Stardust Promotion artists\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Japanese singers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Japanese_singers \"21st-century Japanese singers\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Japanese women singers](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Japanese_women_singers \"21st-century Japanese women singers\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
B84 | {
"id": [
6569922
],
"name": [
"Addbot"
]
} | mdcvza2fwljr6yrz57kv1ubd54637am | 2013-03-19T05:33:58Z | 532,449,213 | 0 | {
"title": [
"B84"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**B84** may refer to :\n* [B84 (New York City bus)](/wiki/B84_%28New_York_City_bus%29 \"B84 (New York City bus)\") in Brooklyn\n* [Bundesstraße 84](/wiki/Bundesstra%C3%9Fe_84 \"Bundesstraße 84\"), a German road\n* [Faakersee Straße](/wiki/Faakersee_Stra%C3%9Fe \"Faakersee Straße\"), an Austrian road\n* [Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation](/wiki/Sicilian_Defence%2C_Scheveningen_Variation \"Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation\"), Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings code\n\n"
]
} |
Fabio Escobar | {
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
} | 4acp1rgvsoqncvqjbe4shpz978cfben | 2023-08-30T23:17:49Z | 1,164,235,771 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Fabio Escobar Benítez** (born 2 February 1982 in [Asunción](/wiki/Asunci%C3%B3n \"Asunción\")) is a [Paraguayan](/wiki/Paraguay \"Paraguay\") retired [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") forward.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nEscobar began his career in [Sportivo San Lorenzo](/wiki/Club_Sportivo_San_Lorenzo \"Club Sportivo San Lorenzo\") of [Paraguay](/wiki/Paraguay \"Paraguay\") before playing for [Puerto Montt](/wiki/Club_de_Deportes_Puerto_Montt \"Club de Deportes Puerto Montt\") of [Chile](/wiki/Chile \"Chile\"), [Club Toluca](/wiki/Club_Toluca \"Club Toluca\") and [Atlético Mexiquense](/wiki/Atl%C3%A9tico_Mexiquense \"Atlético Mexiquense\") of [Mexico](/wiki/Mexico \"Mexico\"), [Macara](/wiki/C.S.D._Macar%C3%A1 \"C.S.D. Macará\") of [Ecuador](/wiki/Ecuador \"Ecuador\") and [Nacional Asunción](/wiki/Club_Nacional_%28Paraguay%29 \"Club Nacional (Paraguay)\") of Paraguay. He was the top scorer in the [2008 Torneo Apertura](/wiki/Torneo_Apertura_2008_%28Paraguay%29 \"Torneo Apertura 2008 (Paraguay)\").[Tabla de goleadores](http://www.teledeportes.com.py/estadisticas/paraguay/a2008/goleadores.html) \n\nIn 2009, he joined [Atlético Tucumán](/wiki/Club_Atl%C3%A9tico_Tucum%C3%A1n \"Club Atlético Tucumán\") of Argentina, following their relegation from the Primera División he joined [Argentinos Juniors](/wiki/Argentinos_Juniors \"Argentinos Juniors\") in 2010\\.\n\nEscobar competed as part of the [Paraguay national football team](/wiki/Paraguay_national_football_team \"Paraguay national football team\") in the 2004 [Copa América](/wiki/Copa_Am%C3%A9rica \"Copa América\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1982 births](/wiki/Category:1982_births \"1982 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Paraguayan men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_men%27s_footballers \"Paraguayan men's footballers\")\n[Category:Paraguay men's international footballers](/wiki/Category:Paraguay_men%27s_international_footballers \"Paraguay men's international footballers\")\n[Category:Paraguayan expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Paraguayan expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Club Sportivo San Lorenzo footballers](/wiki/Category:Club_Sportivo_San_Lorenzo_footballers \"Club Sportivo San Lorenzo footballers\")\n[Category:Club Nacional footballers](/wiki/Category:Club_Nacional_footballers \"Club Nacional footballers\")\n[Category:Deportes Puerto Montt footballers](/wiki/Category:Deportes_Puerto_Montt_footballers \"Deportes Puerto Montt footballers\")\n[Category:Deportivo Toluca F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Deportivo_Toluca_F.C._players \"Deportivo Toluca F.C. players\")\n[Category:Atlético Tucumán footballers](/wiki/Category:Atl%C3%A9tico_Tucum%C3%A1n_footballers \"Atlético Tucumán footballers\")\n[Category:Argentinos Juniors footballers](/wiki/Category:Argentinos_Juniors_footballers \"Argentinos Juniors footballers\")\n[Category:Atlético Huila footballers](/wiki/Category:Atl%C3%A9tico_Huila_footballers \"Atlético Huila footballers\")\n[Category:Club Deportivo Capiatá players](/wiki/Category:Club_Deportivo_Capiat%C3%A1_players \"Club Deportivo Capiatá players\")\n[Category:Club Rubio Ñu footballers](/wiki/Category:Club_Rubio_%C3%91u_footballers \"Club Rubio Ñu footballers\")\n[Category:Sportivo Trinidense footballers](/wiki/Category:Sportivo_Trinidense_footballers \"Sportivo Trinidense footballers\")\n[Category:Deportivo Santaní players](/wiki/Category:Deportivo_Santan%C3%AD_players \"Deportivo Santaní players\")\n[Category:Sportivo Luqueño players](/wiki/Category:Sportivo_Luque%C3%B1o_players \"Sportivo Luqueño players\")\n[Category:Deportivo Toluca F.C. Reserves and Academy footballers](/wiki/Category:Deportivo_Toluca_F.C._Reserves_and_Academy_footballers \"Deportivo Toluca F.C. Reserves and Academy footballers\")\n[Category:Paraguayan Primera División players](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n_players \"Paraguayan Primera División players\")\n[Category:Chilean Primera División players](/wiki/Category:Chilean_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n_players \"Chilean Primera División players\")\n[Category:Argentine Primera División players](/wiki/Category:Argentine_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n_players \"Argentine Primera División players\")\n[Category:Categoría Primera A players](/wiki/Category:Categor%C3%ADa_Primera_A_players \"Categoría Primera A players\")\n[Category:Footballers from Asunción](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Asunci%C3%B3n \"Footballers from Asunción\")\n[Category:Men's association football forwards](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_forwards \"Men's association football forwards\")\n[Category:Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Argentina](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Argentina \"Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Argentina\")\n[Category:Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Chile](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Chile \"Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Chile\")\n[Category:Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Mexico \"Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico\")\n[Category:Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Ecuador \"Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador\")\n[Category:Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Colombia](/wiki/Category:Paraguayan_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Colombia \"Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Colombia\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Argentina \"Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Chile](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Chile \"Expatriate men's footballers in Chile\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Mexico \"Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Ecuador \"Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Colombia \"Expatriate men's footballers in Colombia\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
41 Squadron | {
"id": [
71061
],
"name": [
"Klemen Kocjancic"
]
} | e7iq2n9gqc8ue18ywdgoi61h6wrdhaa | 2012-01-08T17:59:27Z | 379,414,331 | 0 | {
"title": [
"41 Squadron",
"See also"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"**41 Squadron** or **41st Squadron** may refer to:\n\n* [No. 41 Squadron RAF](/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RAF \"No. 41 Squadron RAF\"), a unit of the United Kingdom Royal Air Force\n* [No. 41 Squadron RAAF](/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RAAF \"No. 41 Squadron RAAF\"), a unit of the Royal Australian Air Force\n* [No. 41 Squadron RNZAF](/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RNZAF \"No. 41 Squadron RNZAF\"), a unit of the Royal New Zealand Air Force\n* [41 Squadron SAAF](/wiki/41_Squadron_SAAF \"41 Squadron SAAF\"), a unit of the South African Air Force\n* [No. 41 Squadron (Finland)](/wiki/No._41_Squadron_%28Finland%29 \"No. 41 Squadron (Finland)\"), a unit of the Finnish Air Force\n* [41st Airlift Squadron](/wiki/41st_Airlift_Squadron \"41st Airlift Squadron\"), a unit of the United States Air Force\n* [Strike Fighter Squadron 41 (VFA\\-41\\)](/wiki/VFA-41 \"VFA-41\"), a unit of the United States Navy\n* [Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 41](/wiki/Marine_Aviation_Logistics_Squadron_41 \"Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron 41\"), a unit of the United States Marine Corps\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [41st Battalion (disambiguation)](/wiki/41st_Battalion_%28disambiguation%29 \"41st Battalion (disambiguation)\")\n* [41st Regiment (disambiguation)](/wiki/41st_Regiment_%28disambiguation%29 \"41st Regiment (disambiguation)\")\n* [41st Brigade (disambiguation)](/wiki/41st_Brigade_%28disambiguation%29 \"41st Brigade (disambiguation)\")\n* [41st Division (disambiguation)](/wiki/41st_Division_%28disambiguation%29 \"41st Division (disambiguation)\")\n\n"
]
} |
Corpus Christi Catholic Secondary School | {
"id": [
34669967
],
"name": [
"Clovermoss"
]
} | a4h8h7uot94a194425z4wvoyotxvrw5 | 2024-07-23T23:51:46Z | 1,161,716,284 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Athletics",
"Notable alumni",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Corpus Christi Catholic Secondary School** (also called \"**Corpus Christi**\" or simply \"**Corpus**\") is an educational [Catholic secondary school](/wiki/Catholic_high_school \"Catholic high school\") in [Burlington, Ontario](/wiki/Burlington%2C_Ontario \"Burlington, Ontario\"), Canada. Located in the Orchard Park area of North Burlington, Corpus Christi Catholic Secondary School has established a reputation for excellence in Catholic education.\n\nThe school name, in Latin, Corpus Christi, celebrates the Feast of the Body of Christ or the Eucharist. It remembers and honours the institution of Sacrament of Holy Communion at the Last Supper, and is celebrated on the Sunday following Trinity Sunday.\n\n",
"Athletics\n---------\n\nSports teams at the school include:\n* [Alpine skiing](/wiki/Alpine_skiing \"Alpine skiing\")\n* [Badminton](/wiki/Badminton \"Badminton\")\n* [Baseball](/wiki/Baseball \"Baseball\")\n* [Basketball](/wiki/Basketball \"Basketball\") (Midget, Junior, Senior)\n* [Cross country](/wiki/Cross_country_running \"Cross country running\")\n* [Field hockey](/wiki/Field_hockey \"Field hockey\")\n* [Football](/wiki/Canadian_football \"Canadian football\") (Junior, Senior)\n* [Girls rugby](/wiki/Rugby_football \"Rugby football\")\n* [Golf](/wiki/Golf \"Golf\") (Varsity)\n* [Hockey](/wiki/Ice_hockey \"Ice hockey\")\n* [Lacrosse](/wiki/Lacrosse \"Lacrosse\")\n* [Soccer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\")\n* [Tennis](/wiki/Tennis \"Tennis\")\n* [Track and field](/wiki/Track_and_field \"Track and field\")\n* [Volleyball](/wiki/Volleyball \"Volleyball\")\n\n",
"Notable alumni\n--------------\n\n* [Simisola Shittu](/wiki/Simisola_Shittu \"Simisola Shittu\") (born 1999\\), British\\-born Canadian basketball player for [Ironi Ness Ziona](/wiki/Ironi_Ness_Ziona_B.C. \"Ironi Ness Ziona B.C.\") of the [Israeli Basketball Premier League](/wiki/Israeli_Basketball_Premier_League \"Israeli Basketball Premier League\")\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Education in Ontario](/wiki/Education_in_Ontario \"Education in Ontario\")\n* [List of secondary schools in Ontario](/wiki/List_of_secondary_schools_in_Ontario \"List of secondary schools in Ontario\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Burlington Mall's 2010 EcoHeroes](https://web.archive.org/web/20020907195751/http://www.shopping.ca/cambridge/jsp/wh_wh.jsp?mallid=bur)\n* [Halton Catholic District School Board News](https://web.archive.org/web/20100109105005/http://www.hcdsb.org/achievements/archive.asp)\n* [https://secondary.hcdsb.org/corpuschristi/contact/staff\\-directory/](https://secondary.hcdsb.org/corpuschristi/contact/staff-directory/)\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:High schools in Burlington, Ontario](/wiki/Category:High_schools_in_Burlington%2C_Ontario \"High schools in Burlington, Ontario\")\n[Category:Catholic secondary schools in Ontario](/wiki/Category:Catholic_secondary_schools_in_Ontario \"Catholic secondary schools in Ontario\")\n[Category:Educational institutions established in 2008](/wiki/Category:Educational_institutions_established_in_2008 \"Educational institutions established in 2008\")\n[Category:2008 establishments in Ontario](/wiki/Category:2008_establishments_in_Ontario \"2008 establishments in Ontario\")\n\n"
]
} |
Gijs Ronnes | {
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
} | sm47b9022fog9ne6om289jk8n8y7ojc | 2024-10-15T11:16:37Z | 1,112,274,548 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Playing partners",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Gijs Ronnes** (born 10 June 1977 in [Boxmeer](/wiki/Boxmeer \"Boxmeer\"), [North Brabant](/wiki/North_Brabant \"North Brabant\")) is a male [beach volleyball](/wiki/Beach_volleyball \"Beach volleyball\") player from the [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\"). He claimed the silver medal at the [2006 European Championships](/wiki/2006_European_Beach_Volleyball_Championships \"2006 European Beach Volleyball Championships\") in [The Hague](/wiki/The_Hague \"The Hague\"), [Netherlands](/wiki/Netherlands \"Netherlands\"), partnering [Jochem de Gruijter](/wiki/Jochem_de_Gruijter \"Jochem de Gruijter\"). His younger brother [Bram](/wiki/Bram_Ronnes \"Bram Ronnes\") is also a professional beach volleyball player in the international circuit.\n\nHis father [Frans Ronnes](/wiki/Frans_Ronnes \"Frans Ronnes\") is [mayor](/wiki/Mayor%23Netherlands \"Mayor#Netherlands\") of [Haaren](/wiki/Haaren%2C_North_Brabant \"Haaren, North Brabant\").\n\n",
"Playing partners\n----------------\n\n* [Max Backer](/wiki/Max_Backer \"Max Backer\")\n* [Jochem de Gruijter](/wiki/Jochem_de_Gruijter \"Jochem de Gruijter\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:1977 births](/wiki/Category:1977_births \"1977 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Dutch men's beach volleyball players](/wiki/Category:Dutch_men%27s_beach_volleyball_players \"Dutch men's beach volleyball players\")\n[Category:People from Boxmeer](/wiki/Category:People_from_Boxmeer \"People from Boxmeer\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from North Brabant](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_North_Brabant \"Sportspeople from North Brabant\")\n[Category:20th\\-century Dutch people](/wiki/Category:20th-century_Dutch_people \"20th-century Dutch people\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Dutch people](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Dutch_people \"21st-century Dutch people\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
2002–03 Ekstraklasa | {
"id": [
11877048
],
"name": [
"Jolicnikola"
]
} | 38isff4utmup7ewx3zcizzzl1bi35p0 | 2022-09-16T06:38:25Z | 1,110,240,003 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Overview",
"League table",
"Results",
"Relegation playoffs",
"Top goalscorers",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **2002–03 Ekstraklasa** is the 77th season of the [Polish Football Championship](/wiki/List_of_Polish_football_champions \"List of Polish football champions\") and the 69th season of the [Ekstraklasa](/wiki/Ekstraklasa \"Ekstraklasa\"), [the top Polish professional league](/wiki/Polish_football_league_system \"Polish football league system\") for [association football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") clubs, since its establishment in [1927](/wiki/1927_Ekstraklasa \"1927 Ekstraklasa\").\n\n",
"Overview\n--------\n\n16 teams competed in the 2002\\-03 season. [Wisła Kraków](/wiki/Wis%C5%82a_Krak%C3%B3w \"Wisła Kraków\") won the championship.\n\n",
"League table\n------------\n\n",
"Results\n-------\n\n",
"Relegation playoffs\n-------------------\n\nThe matches were played on 14, 15, 21 and 22 June 2003\\.\n\n",
"Top goalscorers\n---------------\n\n| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|1\n\n [Stanko Svitlica](/wiki/Stanko_Svitlica \"Stanko Svitlica\")\n\n[Legia Warsaw](/wiki/Legia_Warsaw \"Legia Warsaw\")\n\n 24 |\n|2\n\n [Maciej Żurawski](/wiki/Maciej_%C5%BBurawski \"Maciej Żurawski\")\n\n[Wisła Kraków](/wiki/Wis%C5%82a_Krak%C3%B3w \"Wisła Kraków\")\n\n 22 |\n|3\n\n [Marcin Kuźba](/wiki/Marcin_Ku%C5%BAba \"Marcin Kuźba\")\n\n[Wisła Kraków](/wiki/Wis%C5%82a_Krak%C3%B3w \"Wisła Kraków\")\n\n 21 |\n| [Andrzej Niedzielan](/wiki/Andrzej_Niedzielan \"Andrzej Niedzielan\")\n\n[Górnik Zabrze](/wiki/G%C3%B3rnik_Zabrze \"Górnik Zabrze\") / [Dyskobolia Grodzisk](/wiki/Dyskobolia_Grodzisk_Wielkopolski \"Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski\")\n\n 21 |\n|5\n\n [Jacek Ziarkowski](/wiki/Jacek_Ziarkowski \"Jacek Ziarkowski\")\n\n[Odra Wodzisław](/wiki/Odra_Wodzis%C5%82aw \"Odra Wodzisław\")\n\n 14 |\n|6\n\n [Michał Chałbiński](/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Cha%C5%82bi%C5%84ski \"Michał Chałbiński\")\n\n[Odra Wodzisław](/wiki/Odra_Wodzis%C5%82aw \"Odra Wodzisław\")\n\n 13 |\n|7\n\n [Tomasz Dawidowski](/wiki/Tomasz_Dawidowski \"Tomasz Dawidowski\")\n\n[Amica Wronki](/wiki/Amica_Wronki \"Amica Wronki\")\n\n 12 |\n| [Krzysztof Gajtkowski](/wiki/Krzysztof_Gajtkowski \"Krzysztof Gajtkowski\")\n\n[GKS Katowice](/wiki/GKS_Katowice \"GKS Katowice\") / [Lech Poznań](/wiki/Lech_Pozna%C5%84 \"Lech Poznań\")\n\n 12 |\n|9\n\n [Grzegorz Rasiak](/wiki/Grzegorz_Rasiak \"Grzegorz Rasiak\")\n\n[Dyskobolia Grodzisk](/wiki/Dyskobolia_Grodzisk_Wielkopolski \"Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski\")\n\n 10 |\n| [Marek Saganowski](/wiki/Marek_Saganowski \"Marek Saganowski\")\n\n[Legia Warsaw](/wiki/Legia_Warsaw \"Legia Warsaw\")\n\n 10 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Ekstraklasa seasons](/wiki/Category:Ekstraklasa_seasons \"Ekstraklasa seasons\")\n[Poland](/wiki/Category:2002%E2%80%9303_in_European_association_football_leagues \"2002–03 in European association football leagues\")\n[1](/wiki/Category:2002%E2%80%9303_in_Polish_football \"2002–03 in Polish football\")\n\n"
]
} |
Marques Houtman | {
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
} | h0w3z7qd261libfz04vr5rangq4buqx | 2023-11-18T23:49:07Z | 1,125,321,341 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Marques Houtman** (born 18 August 1979 in [New Bedford, Massachusetts](/wiki/New_Bedford%2C_Massachusetts \"New Bedford, Massachusetts\")) is a [Cape Verdean American](/wiki/Cape_Verdean_American \"Cape Verdean American\") basketball [point guard](/wiki/Point_guard \"Point guard\"). He is an alumnus and two\\-time Hall of Fame inductee at the [University of Massachusetts Dartmouth](/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Dartmouth \"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth\"), where he played [college basketball](/wiki/College_basketball \"College basketball\") for 2\\.5 years following 3 semesters at [Stonehill College](/wiki/Stonehill_College \"Stonehill College\") finishing in the sweet 16\\. Houtman played on the 25–3, \\#2 in the nation Team at UMD that made it to the Sweet 16 which made him a rare player to play in both Division 2 \\& 3 NCAA Sweet 16\\. Houtman is a regular on the [Cape Verde national basketball team](/wiki/Cape_Verde_national_basketball_team \"Cape Verde national basketball team\"), including the squad which won a bronze medal at the [FIBA Africa Championship 2007](/wiki/FIBA_Africa_Championship_2007 \"FIBA Africa Championship 2007\") in [Angola](/wiki/Angola \"Angola\"). Professionally, Houtman played with the Boston Frenzy, coached by [Joe \"Jellybean\" Bryant](/wiki/Joe_%22Jellybean%22_Bryant \"Joe \"), father of [Kobe Bryant](/wiki/Kobe_Bryant \"Kobe Bryant\") after graduation.[Biography](http://secretcitynb.tripod.com/id10.html) He is also a graduate ('97\\) of [New Bedford High School](/wiki/New_Bedford_High_School \"New Bedford High School\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1979 births](/wiki/Category:1979_births \"1979 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:American people of Cape Verdean descent](/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Cape_Verdean_descent \"American people of Cape Verdean descent\")\n[Category:Basketball players from Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:Basketball_players_from_Massachusetts \"Basketball players from Massachusetts\")\n[Category:C.D. Primeiro de Agosto men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:C.D._Primeiro_de_Agosto_men%27s_basketball_players \"C.D. Primeiro de Agosto men's basketball players\")\n[Category:S.L. Benfica basketball players](/wiki/Category:S.L._Benfica_basketball_players \"S.L. Benfica basketball players\")\n[Category:Cape Verdean men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:Cape_Verdean_men%27s_basketball_players \"Cape Verdean men's basketball players\")\n[Category:College men's basketball players in the United States](/wiki/Category:College_men%27s_basketball_players_in_the_United_States \"College men's basketball players in the United States\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from New Bedford, Massachusetts](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_New_Bedford%2C_Massachusetts \"Sportspeople from New Bedford, Massachusetts\")\n[Category:Point guards](/wiki/Category:Point_guards \"Point guards\")\n[Category:University of Massachusetts Dartmouth alumni](/wiki/Category:University_of_Massachusetts_Dartmouth_alumni \"University of Massachusetts Dartmouth alumni\")\n[Category:American men's basketball players](/wiki/Category:American_men%27s_basketball_players \"American men's basketball players\")\n[Category:21st\\-century African\\-American sportspeople](/wiki/Category:21st-century_African-American_sportspeople \"21st-century African-American sportspeople\")\n[Category:20th\\-century African\\-American sportspeople](/wiki/Category:20th-century_African-American_sportspeople \"20th-century African-American sportspeople\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Rooney Mara | {
"id": [
14444330
],
"name": [
"Krimuk2.0"
]
} | nb0mqxmxdkdhqu4il79z17bhhtvx8et | 2024-10-16T10:04:54Z | 1,250,971,868 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and education",
"Career",
"2005–2009: Early work",
"2010–2016: Breakthrough and critical acclaim",
"2017–present: Hiatus and further film career",
"Other work",
"Personal life",
"Filmography",
"Film",
"Television",
"Accolades",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + \n\n**Rooney Mara Phoenix** ( ;It is frequently mispronounced as MAR\\-a; her sister [Kate](/wiki/Kate_Mara \"Kate Mara\") provided the correct pronunciation here. born April 17, 1985\\) is an American actress. She has received [various accolades](/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Rooney_Mara \"List of awards and nominations received by Rooney Mara\"), including nominations for two [Academy Awards](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\"), two [Golden Globe Awards](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards \"Golden Globe Awards\") and a [British Academy Film Award](/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards \"British Academy Film Awards\"). \n\nBorn into the [Rooney](/wiki/Rooney_family \"Rooney family\") and [Mara families](/wiki/Mara_family \"Mara family\"), Mara began her career acting in television and [independent films](/wiki/Independent_films \"Independent films\"), such as the coming\\-of\\-age drama *[Tanner Hall](/wiki/Tanner_Hall_%28film%29 \"Tanner Hall (film)\")* (2009\\). She first gained recognition for her supporting role in [David Fincher](/wiki/David_Fincher \"David Fincher\")'s drama film *[The Social Network](/wiki/The_Social_Network \"The Social Network\")* (2010\\). Mara had a career breakthrough when she starred as [Lisbeth Salander](/wiki/Lisbeth_Salander \"Lisbeth Salander\") in Fincher's thriller *[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo](/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo_%282011_film%29 \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\")* (2011\\), which earned her a nomination for the [Academy Award for Best Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress \"Academy Award for Best Actress\"). \n\nMara's career progressed with leading roles in the thriller *[Side Effects](/wiki/Side_Effects_%282013_film%29 \"Side Effects (2013 film)\")* (2013\\), the science fiction romance *[Her](/wiki/Her_%28film%29 \"Her (film)\")* (2013\\), and the romantic drama *[Carol](/wiki/Carol_%28film%29 \"Carol (film)\")* (2015\\). For the last of these, she won the [Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress](/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress \"Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress\") and received a nomination for the [Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress \"Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress\"). She has since appeared in the biographical drama *[Lion](/wiki/Lion_%282016_film%29 \"Lion (2016 film)\")* (2016\\), the supernatural drama *[A Ghost Story](/wiki/A_Ghost_Story \"A Ghost Story\")* (2017\\), and portrayed [Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene \"Mary Magdalene\") in the biblical drama *[Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene_%282018_film%29 \"Mary Magdalene (2018 film)\")* (2018\\). Following a brief hiatus, Mara starred in the psychological thriller *[Nightmare Alley](/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_%282021_film%29 \"Nightmare Alley (2021 film)\")* (2021\\) and the drama *[Women Talking](/wiki/Women_Talking_%28film%29 \"Women Talking (film)\")* (2022\\).\n\nMara is known for her charity work and oversees the [Uweza Foundation](/wiki/Uweza_Foundation \"Uweza Foundation\"), which supports empowerment programs for children and families in the [Kibera](/wiki/Kibera \"Kibera\") slum of [Nairobi](/wiki/Nairobi \"Nairobi\"). She is also the founder of the [vegan](/wiki/Veganism \"Veganism\") clothing line Hiraeth Collective.\n\n",
"Early life and education\n------------------------\n\nMara was born on April 17, 1985, and raised in [Bedford, New York](/wiki/Bedford_%28town%29%2C_New_York \"Bedford (town), New York\"), a town in [Westchester County](/wiki/Westchester_County%2C_New_York \"Westchester County, New York\") about north of New York City.Serico, Chris (August 16, 2010\\). \"[Meet Rooney Mara, she's not just following in her sister's footsteps](http://www.lohud.com/article/20100816/ENTERTAINMENT/100816004/1164/entertainment/Meet%20Rooney%20Mara+,%20she+'s%20not%20just%20following%20in%20her%20sister+'s%20footsteps) \". *[The Journal News](/wiki/The_Journal_News \"The Journal News\")*. Retrieved on August 16, 2010\\. Her mother's family founded the [Pittsburgh Steelers](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers \"Pittsburgh Steelers\") and her father's family founded the [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\"). Her father, Timothy Christopher Mara, is the senior vice president of player personnel for the New York Giants; and her mother, Kathleen McNulty (née [Rooney](/wiki/Rooney_family \"Rooney family\")), is a part\\-time [real estate agent](/wiki/Real_estate_agent \"Real estate agent\"). She is the third of four children: she has an older brother, Daniel; an older sister, [Kate](/wiki/Kate_Mara \"Kate Mara\"), who is also an actress; and a younger brother, Conor.\n\nMara's father has Irish, German, and French\\-Canadian ancestry, and her mother is of Irish and Italian descent. Her [Rooney](/wiki/Rooney_family \"Rooney family\") ancestors originated in [Newry, County Down](/wiki/Newry%2C_County_Down \"Newry, County Down\").Drew, April (August 18, 2010\\). \"[Rooney Mara, the girl with the shamrock tattoo](http://www.irishcentral.com/ent/Rooney-Mara--the-girl-with-the-shamrock-tattoo-100968714.html)\". Irish Central. Retrieved on August 18, 2010\\. Her paternal grandparents were [Wellington Mara](/wiki/Wellington_Mara \"Wellington Mara\") and [Ann Mara](/wiki/Ann_Mara \"Ann Mara\"). Wellington was the long\\-time co\\-owner of the Giants, who was succeeded in that position by his son (Rooney Mara's uncle), [John Mara](/wiki/John_Mara \"John Mara\"). Rooney Mara's maternal grandfather, Timothy James \"Tim\" Rooney, has run [Yonkers Raceway \\& Empire City Casino](/wiki/Yonkers_Raceway_%26_Empire_City_Casino \"Yonkers Raceway & Empire City Casino\") in [Yonkers, New York](/wiki/Yonkers%2C_New_York \"Yonkers, New York\") since 1972\\.Staple, Arthur (January 30, 2009\\). \"[Rooney Mara links NFL's two royal families](http://www.newsday.com/sports/football/ny-spmara0131,0,6745598.story) \". *[Newsday](/wiki/Newsday \"Newsday\")*. Retrieved on January 31, 2009\\. Mara is the great\\-granddaughter of both New York Giants founder [Tim Mara](/wiki/Tim_Mara \"Tim Mara\") and [Pittsburgh Steelers](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers \"Pittsburgh Steelers\") founder [Art Rooney, Sr.](/wiki/Art_Rooney \"Art Rooney\"), as well as of [Kathleen McNulty Rooney](/wiki/Kathleen_McNulty_Rooney \"Kathleen McNulty Rooney\").\"[Steelers, Giants memorabilia auctioned to help Kenyan orphans](http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08346/934457-66.stm)\". December 11, 2008\\. *[Pittsburgh Post\\-Gazette](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\")*. Retrieved on December 11, 2008\\. Her granduncle, [Dan Rooney](/wiki/Dan_Rooney \"Dan Rooney\"), was chairman of the Steelers, the former [United States Ambassador to Ireland](/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Ireland \"United States Ambassador to Ireland\"), the co\\-founder of [The Ireland Funds](/wiki/The_Ireland_Funds \"The Ireland Funds\") charitable organization, and the architect of American Football's [Rooney Rule](/wiki/Rooney_Rule \"Rooney Rule\"). U.S. Representative [Tom Rooney](/wiki/Tom_Rooney_%28Florida_politician%29 \"Tom Rooney (Florida politician)\") and former Florida State Representative [Patrick Rooney Jr](/wiki/Patrick_Rooney_Jr. \"Patrick Rooney Jr.\"). are her cousins.Semnani, Heda (January 9, 2012\\). \"[Heard on the Hill: Six Degrees of Tom Rooney](http://www.rollcall.com/issues/57_78/heard_hill_six_degrees_tom_rooney-211393-1.html)\". *[Roll Call](/wiki/Roll_Call \"Roll Call\")*. Retrieved on February 16, 2013\\.\n\nAfter graduating from [Fox Lane High School](/wiki/Fox_Lane_High_School \"Fox Lane High School\") in 2003,\"[Bedford's Mara To Star In 'The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo'](http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2010/08/17/bedfords-mara-set-to-star-in-the-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo/)\". [CBS New York](/wiki/WCBS-TV \"WCBS-TV\"). August 17, 2010\\. Retrieved on August 19, 2010\\. Mara went to Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia in South America for four months as part of the Traveling School, an open learning environment. She attended [George Washington University](/wiki/George_Washington_University \"George Washington University\") for a year before transferring to [New York University](/wiki/New_York_University \"New York University\")'s [Gallatin School of Individualized Study](/wiki/Gallatin_School_of_Individualized_Study \"Gallatin School of Individualized Study\"), where she studied psychology, international social policy and nonprofits,Dexter, Nancy (December 5, 2008\\). \"Auction will benefit orphanage in Kenya\". *Bedford/Pound Ridge Record Review*. graduating in 2010\\.Pearlman, Cindy (December 15, 2011\\). \"[Rooney Mara: The girl who chased the 'Dragon'](http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/movies/9404250-421/rooney-mara-the-girl-who-chased-the-dragon.html)\". *[Chicago Sun\\-Times](/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times \"Chicago Sun-Times\")*. Retrieved December 15, 2011\\.\n\nMara was inspired to act by seeing musical theatre and classic movies, like *[Gone with the Wind](/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_%28film%29 \"Gone with the Wind (film)\")* (1939\\), *[Rebecca](/wiki/Rebecca_%281940_film%29 \"Rebecca (1940 film)\")* (1940\\), and *[Bringing Up Baby](/wiki/Bringing_Up_Baby \"Bringing Up Baby\")* (1938\\), with her mother. She also wanted to be like her sister, [Kate Mara](/wiki/Kate_Mara \"Kate Mara\"), a professional actress. Mara resisted pursuing acting as a child, stating to *[The Journal News](/wiki/The_Journal_News \"The Journal News\")* that \"it never seemed that honorable to me, and I guess I was always afraid that I might fail.\" Her first and only role in high school was [Juliet](/wiki/Juliet_Capulet \"Juliet Capulet\") in *[Romeo and Juliet](/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet \"Romeo and Juliet\")*, which she got after being signed up to audition by a friend.\"[Rooney Mara: Her Style Timeline](http://www.allure.com/celebrity-trends/style-timeline/2012/rooney-mara-style#slide=1) \". *[Allure](/wiki/Allure_%28magazine%29 \"Allure (magazine)\")*. Retrieved December 15, 2011\\. Mara acted in a few student films while at NYU, and then began her career in acting, first auditioning at the age of nineteen.\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\n### 2005–2009: Early work\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|upright\\|alt\\=A brunette woman smiles at the camera as she looks slightly to her left\\|Mara at the [2009 Toronto International Film Festival](/wiki/2009_Toronto_International_Film_Festival \"2009 Toronto International Film Festival\")](/wiki/File:RooneyMara09TIFF_%28cropped%29.jpg \"RooneyMara09TIFF (cropped).jpg\")\n\nMara first appeared as an [extra](/wiki/Extra_%28actor%29 \"Extra (actor)\") in films which starred her sister, including a [bit\\-part](/wiki/Bit_part \"Bit part\") in the 2005 [direct\\-to\\-video](/wiki/Direct-to-video \"Direct-to-video\") horror film *[Urban Legends: Bloody Mary](/wiki/Urban_Legends:Bloody_Mary \"Bloody Mary\")*. She found work in television, making her professional debut in a 2006 episode of the drama *[Law \\& Order: Special Victims Unit](/wiki/Law_%26_Order:Special_Victims_Unit \"Special Victims Unit\")*, as a girl who bullies overweight children.Zakarin, Jordan (December 19, 2011\\). \"[Rooney Mara: 'Law \\& Order: SVU' Quote Out Of Context](https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/19/rooney-mara-explains-law-and-order-svu-quote-out-of-context_n_1157602.html)\". [The Huffington Post](/wiki/The_Huffington_Post \"The Huffington Post\"). Retrieved December 20, 2011\\. She guest\\-starred on the legal drama *[Women's Murder Club](/wiki/Women%27s_Murder_Club_%28TV_series%29 \"Women's Murder Club (TV series)\")* and played a drug addict in an episode of *[The Cleaner](/wiki/The_Cleaner_%28American_TV_series%29 \"The Cleaner (American TV series)\")*.Patches, Matt (April 27, 2010\\). \"[The New Girl: Nightmare on Elm Street's Rooney Mara](http://www.ugo.com/movies/the-new-girl-nightmare-on-elm-streets-rooney-mara) \". [UGO](/wiki/UGO \"UGO\"). Retrieved April 27, 2010\\. Mara made her feature film debut *[Dream Boy](/wiki/Dream_Boy_%28film%29 \"Dream Boy (film)\")* (2008\\) and guest\\-starred as Megan for two episodes of [NBC](/wiki/NBC \"NBC\")'s *[ER](/wiki/ER_%28TV_series%29 \"ER (TV series)\")*.\n\nIn a [coming\\-of\\-age](/wiki/Coming-of-age \"Coming-of-age\") film *[Tanner Hall](/wiki/Tanner_Hall_%28film%29 \"Tanner Hall (film)\")* (2009\\), Mara landed her first lead role, as Fernanda who has an affair with a married family friend ([Tom Everett Scott](/wiki/Tom_Everett_Scott \"Tom Everett Scott\")).Barnard, Linda (September 19, 2009\\). \"[Today's TIFF mini reviews](https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/tiff/article/697479)\". *[Toronto Star](/wiki/Toronto_Star \"Toronto Star\")*. Retrieved on September 21, 2008\\. The film was the directorial debut of [Tatiana von Fürstenberg](/wiki/Tatiana_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg \"Tatiana von Fürstenberg\") and [Francesca Gregorini](/wiki/Francesca_Gregorini \"Francesca Gregorini\"),Blackerby, Jeffries (September 21, 2009\\). \"[Now Previewing \\| 'Tanner Hall'](https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/21/now-previewing-tanner-hall/)\". *[T Magazine](/wiki/T_%28New_York_Times%29 \"T (New York Times)\")*. Retrieved on August 17, 2010\\. it debuted at the [2009 Toronto International Film Festival](/wiki/2009_Toronto_International_Film_Festival \"2009 Toronto International Film Festival\") and had a limited theatrical release in September 2011\\.Webster, Andy (September 8, 2011\\). \"['Tanner Hall' Starring Rooney Mara — Review](https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/movies/tanner-hall-starring-rooney-mara-review.html)\". *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*. Retrieved on September 14, 2011\\. Mara dropped her first name 'Patricia', to be known professionally by her middle name after working on the project. \"I never really liked my first name,\" Mara stated to *[Paper](/wiki/Paper_%28magazine%29 \"Paper (magazine)\")* magazine. \"I never felt like a Tricia. And Rooney is more memorable\".Davis, Peter (January 4, 2010\\). \"[Rooney Mara](http://www.papermag.com/rooney-mara-1425637485.html)\". *[Paper](/wiki/Paper_%28magazine%29 \"Paper (magazine)\")*. Retrieved on March 30, 2018\\. Her father and younger brother also go by their middle names.Cheney, Alexandra (December 20, 2011\\). \"[Why 'The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' Stays Off Twitter](https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2011/12/20/dont-call-her-patricia-rooney-mara-on-her-middle-name-and-the-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo/)\". *[The Wall Street Journal](/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal \"The Wall Street Journal\")*. Retrieved on December 22, 2011\\.\n\nIn [Miguel Arteta](/wiki/Miguel_Arteta \"Miguel Arteta\")'s comedy\\-drama film *[Youth in Revolt](/wiki/Youth_in_Revolt_%28film%29 \"Youth in Revolt (film)\")*, Mara played Taggarty who tries to sleep with fifty men before she goes to college. The film was based on [C.D. Payne](/wiki/C.D._Payne \"C.D. Payne\")'s 1993 cult novel of the [same name](/wiki/Youth_in_Revolt \"Youth in Revolt\").Martin, Michael. \"[Rooney Mara](http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/rooney-mara/)\". *[Interview](/wiki/Interview_%28magazine%29 \"Interview (magazine)\")*. Retrieved on June 25, 2009\\.Goldstein, Gregg (June 23, 2008\\). \"['Youth in Revolt' gathers troops](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i8b257cb4a00fe122f022fe6b93da6a52)\". *[The Hollywood Reporter](/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter \"The Hollywood Reporter\")*. Retrieved on June 25, 2008\\. Mara had auditioned for the starring role, but was offered the smaller part when the lead went to [Portia Doubleday](/wiki/Portia_Doubleday \"Portia Doubleday\").Ram, Archana (August 17, 2010\\). \"['Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' star Rooney Mara is 'exceptionally gifted,' says her 'Youth in Revolt' director](http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/08/17/girl-with-dragon-tattoo-rooney-mara-lisbeth-salander/)\". *[Entertainment Weekly](/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly \"Entertainment Weekly\")*. Retrieved on August 17, 2010\\.\n\nMara played Courtney in the 2009 independent film *[Dare](/wiki/Dare_%28film%29 \"Dare (film)\")*Fleming, Michael (June 3, 2008\\). \"[Emmy Rossum takes indie 'Dare'](https://variety.com/2008/film/markets-festivals/emmy-rossum-takes-indie-dare-1117986806/)\". *[Variety](/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29 \"Variety (magazine)\")*. Retrieved 28 November 2019\\. and in *[The Winning Season](/wiki/The_Winning_Season \"The Winning Season\")* as Wendy, a high school basketball player having an affair with a middle\\-aged shoe salesman (Kevin Breznahan) with a similar story to *[The Bad News Bears](/wiki/The_Bad_News_Bears \"The Bad News Bears\")*.Malkin, Marc (August 17, 2010\\). \"[Dragon Tattoo Girl Hooks Up With Pervy Shoe Salesman](http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b195657_dragon_tattoo_girl_hooks_up_with_pervy.html)\". [E! Online](/wiki/E%21_Online \"E! Online\"). Retrieved on August 17, 2010\\. Both films were premiered at the [2009 Sundance Film Festival](/wiki/2009_Sundance_Film_Festival \"2009 Sundance Film Festival\") and Mara was included on *[Filmmaker](/wiki/Filmmaker_%28magazine%29 \"Filmmaker (magazine)\")* magazine's list of \"25 New Faces of Independent Film\" that year.\"[Summer 2009: 25 NEW FACES](http://filmmakermagazine.com/summer2009/25faces_5.php) \". Summer 2009\\. *[Filmmaker](/wiki/Filmmaker_%28magazine%29 \"Filmmaker (magazine)\")*. Retrieved on July 15, 2008\\.\n\nMara starred in a [remake](/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_%282010_film%29 \"A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010 film)\") of the 1984 horror film *[A Nightmare on Elm Street](/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\")*,[Set Report: A Nightmare in Elm Street 2010](https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/36058/set-report-a-nightmare-elm-street-2010). Dreadcentral.com (February 22, 2010\\). Retrieved on April 5, 2013\\. as the protagonist [Nancy Holbrook](/wiki/Nancy_Thompson_%28A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street%29 \"Nancy Thompson (A Nightmare on Elm Street)\"), a high school student victimized by [Freddy Krueger](/wiki/Freddy_Krueger \"Freddy Krueger\") ([Jackie Earle Haley](/wiki/Jackie_Earle_Haley \"Jackie Earle Haley\")).Vary, Adam B. (April 23, 2009\\). \"['Nightmare on Elm Street' producers in final talks with new Nancy](http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/04/nightmare-on-el.html) \". *Entertainment Weekly*. Retrieved on April 23, 2009\\. Mara began shooting the film in Chicago on May 5, 2009, directed by [Samuel Bayer](/wiki/Samuel_Bayer \"Samuel Bayer\").Kit, Borys (April 23, 2009\\). \"['Nightmare' beginning for trio of actors](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i360cdd62fc9ca5a89c765bddac47b174)\". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved on April 23, 2009\\. Mara told *Filmmaker* that she felt that her Nancy was \"completely different from the original\" and \"the loneliest girl in the world\". Mara had signed on to continue her role if a sequel was made.\"[Rooney Mara Signed on For 'Elm Street' Sequel](https://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/16566)\". June 24, 2009\\. [Bloody Disgusting](/wiki/Bloody_Disgusting \"Bloody Disgusting\"). Retrieved on June 25, 2009\\. She stated to *[Vogue](/wiki/Vogue_%28magazine%29 \"Vogue (magazine)\")* that she disliked the experience of making the film so much, that it made her question if she wanted to be an actress. Mara appeared at the [Hamptons International Film Festival](/wiki/Hamptons_International_Film_Festival \"Hamptons International Film Festival\") in October 2009 as part of its Breakthrough Performers Program, where she was tutored by [Sharon Stone](/wiki/Sharon_Stone \"Sharon Stone\").Guzman, Rafer (September 6, 2009\\). \"[Sharon Stone to be honored at Hamptons film festival](http://www.newsday.com/long-island/suffolk/sharon-stone-to-be-honored-at-hamptons-film-festival-1.1426911)\". *[Newsday](/wiki/Newsday \"Newsday\")*. Retrieved on September 21, 2008\\.\n\n### 2010–2016: Breakthrough and critical acclaim\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|alt\\=A brunette woman wearing a black dress looks to her right\\|Mara at the French premiere of *[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo](/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo_%282011_film%29 \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\")* in 2012](/wiki/File:Rooney_Mara_%282012%29_5_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Rooney Mara (2012) 5 (cropped).jpg\")\n\nIn 2010, Mara played Erica Albright, [Mark Zuckerberg](/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg \"Mark Zuckerberg\")'s ex\\-girlfriend, in [David Fincher](/wiki/David_Fincher \"David Fincher\")'s biographical drama film *[The Social Network](/wiki/The_Social_Network \"The Social Network\")*.Fischer, Russ (October 20, 2009\\). \"[Casting Notes: Selena Gomez in Teen Rom Com; The Social Network Gets New Kids; The Whistleblower Gets Proven Talent](https://archive.today/20120630064828/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/10/20/casting-notes-selena-gomez-in-teen-rom-com-the-social-network-gets-new-kids-the-whistleblower-gets-proven-talent/)\". [/Film](/wiki//Film \"/Film\"). Retrieved on October 20, 2009\\. The same year, Mara was cast as the lead in a film adaptation of *[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo](/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\")*, the first of the *[Millennium](/wiki/Millennium_series \"Millennium series\")* book trilogy by [Stieg Larsson](/wiki/Stieg_Larsson \"Stieg Larsson\"). She played [Lisbeth Salander](/wiki/Lisbeth_Salander \"Lisbeth Salander\"), a brilliant but troubled computer hacker who helps journalist [Mikael Blomkvist](/wiki/Mikael_Blomkvist \"Mikael Blomkvist\") ([Daniel Craig](/wiki/Daniel_Craig \"Daniel Craig\")) solve a series of murders. Mara won the role over several other actresses after two and a half months of auditions and [screen tests](/wiki/Screen_test \"Screen test\").Kellogg, Carolyn (August 16, 2010\\). \"[Rooney Mara will be the girl with the dragon tattoo](http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2010/08/rooney-mara-will-be-the-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo.html)\". *[Los Angeles Times](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*. Retrieved on August 16, 2010\\. David Fincher directed the film, with [Scott Rudin](/wiki/Scott_Rudin \"Scott Rudin\") producing. *[The Girl Who Played with Fire](/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Played_with_Fire \"The Girl Who Played with Fire\")* and *[The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest](/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Kicked_the_Hornets%27_Nest \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\")* were planned to be adapted as well, depending on the film's box office performance.Snead, Elizabeth (December 19, 2011\\). \"[Why Rooney Mara Is Still Rocking Her 'Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' Look](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fash-track/girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-rooney-mara-275292)\". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved December 20, 2011\\.Nicholson, Max (August 22, 2012\\). [\"Dragon Tattoo Sequel Delayed\"](https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/08/22/dragon-tattoo-sequel-delayed). *IGN.com*. Retrieved September 2, 2012\\. Fincher initially did not picture Mara as the character, but changed his mind after she auditioned. He convinced executives at [Columbia Pictures](/wiki/Columbia_Pictures \"Columbia Pictures\") to cast her for the part.Siegel, Tatiana (August 16, 2010\\). \"['Dragon Tattoo' casting raises questions](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118022970.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&ref=vertfilm)\". *Variety*. Retrieved August 24, 2010\\.\n\nFincher's *[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo](/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo_%282011_film%29 \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\")* began shooting in Sweden in September 2010\\.Sperling, Nicole (August 16, 2010\\). \"['Girl with the Dragon Tattoo' finds its Lisbeth Salander: Rooney Mara](http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2010/08/16/girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-rooney-mara/) \". *[Entertainment Weekly](/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly \"Entertainment Weekly\")*. Retrieved on August 16, 2010\\. Mara did not consider the film to be a remake, but another interpretation of the novel. \"I plan on giving my interpretation of the character,\" she stated to *[Variety](/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29 \"Variety (magazine)\")*.Heisler, Steve (October 15, 2010\\). \"[Rooney Mara: Clicks in 'Social Network'](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025363.html?categoryid=13&cs=1)\". *Variety*. Retrieved on October 20, 2010\\. Mara's long brown hair was cut short and dyed black, in a style reminiscent of 1970s [punk](/wiki/Punk_fashion \"Punk fashion\") and 1980s [goth fashions](/wiki/Gothic_fashion \"Gothic fashion\"). She also had her ears pierced four times, and had her brow and right nipple [pierced](/wiki/Body_piercing \"Body piercing\") for the role. Her nose and lip piercings were fake. She kept the nipple piercing so that it would not need to be re\\-pierced for a sequel. Mara's eyebrows were bleached, and she wore a temporary dragon tattoo.Hirschberg, Lynn (February 2011\\). \"[David Fincher Gets The Girl](http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2011/02/rooney_mara_girl_with_the_dragon_tattoo_film) \". *[W](/wiki/W_%28magazine%29 \"W (magazine)\")*. Retrieved January 13, 2011\\. She began preparing for the role by starting to skateboard and kickbox, and underwent dialect and computer training. She also visited [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm \"Stockholm\"), the setting of the novel.Garron, Barry (December 5, 2011\\). \"[Mara finds comfort in being the 'Dragon' lady](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118046942/)\". *Variety*. Retrieved on December 11, 2011\\. The film was released on December 20, 2011\\.Weinstein, Joshua L. (December 13, 2011\\). \"['Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' to Open a Day Early, to Beat the Yule Crush](https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS399115322820111213)\". [Reuters](/wiki/Reuters \"Reuters\"). Retrieved on December 15, 2011\\. Mara received universal critical acclaim and was nominated for the [Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama \"Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama\") for her performance.\"[Nominees for the 69th Golden Globe Awards](https://web.archive.org/web/20120108084913/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/45682672/ns/today-entertainment)\". *[Today](/wiki/Today_%28NBC_program%29 \"Today (NBC program)\")*. [Associated Press](/wiki/Associated_Press \"Associated Press\"). December 15, 2011\\. Retrieved on December 15, 2011\\. On January 24, 2012, she received her first nomination for the [Academy Award for Best Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress \"Academy Award for Best Actress\").\n\nIn 2011, Mara was considered to star in [Kathryn Bigelow](/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow \"Kathryn Bigelow\")'s [action film](/wiki/Action_film \"Action film\") *[Zero Dark Thirty](/wiki/Zero_Dark_Thirty \"Zero Dark Thirty\")*, but the role went to [Jessica Chastain](/wiki/Jessica_Chastain \"Jessica Chastain\"). The following year, Mara signed on to replace [Carey Mulligan](/wiki/Carey_Mulligan \"Carey Mulligan\"), who had to drop out due to scheduling conflicts, in [Spike Jonze](/wiki/Spike_Jonze \"Spike Jonze\")'s *[Her](/wiki/Her_%28film%29 \"Her (film)\")* (2013\\), where she played Catherine Klausen, the ex\\-wife of central character Theodore Twombley ([Joaquin Phoenix](/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix \"Joaquin Phoenix\")). In addition, Mara starred in [Steven Soderbergh](/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh \"Steven Soderbergh\")'s psychological thriller *[Side Effects](/wiki/Side_Effects_%282013_film%29 \"Side Effects (2013 film)\")* (2013\\), replacing [Blake Lively](/wiki/Blake_Lively \"Blake Lively\"). The film also starred [Jude Law](/wiki/Jude_Law \"Jude Law\"), [Channing Tatum](/wiki/Channing_Tatum \"Channing Tatum\"), [Catherine Zeta\\-Jones](/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones \"Catherine Zeta-Jones\") and [Vinessa Shaw](/wiki/Vinessa_Shaw \"Vinessa Shaw\"). She played Emily Taylor, \"a woman who turns to prescription medication as a way of handling her anxiety concerning her husband's upcoming release from prison.\" She also starred in [David Lowery](/wiki/David_Lowery_%28director%29 \"David Lowery (director)\")'s romantic crime drama *[Ain't Them Bodies Saints](/wiki/Ain%27t_Them_Bodies_Saints \"Ain't Them Bodies Saints\")* (2013\\), which was described as a modern\\-day Bonnie and Clyde story, alongside [Casey Affleck](/wiki/Casey_Affleck \"Casey Affleck\") and [Ben Foster](/wiki/Ben_Foster_%28actor%29 \"Ben Foster (actor)\"). The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2013, where [IFC Films](/wiki/IFC_Films \"IFC Films\") purchased the rights for US distribution. In May 2013, she became the face of what was then a new Calvin Klein fragrance, Down Town.\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|alt\\=A brunette woman in a white dress, a man in a tuxedo, and a blonde woman in a dress that is mostly blue with other colored patterns stand in front of red stairs\\|Mara attending the premiere of *[Carol](/wiki/Carol_%28film%29 \"Carol (film)\")* with director [Todd Haynes](/wiki/Todd_Haynes \"Todd Haynes\") and [Cate Blanchett](/wiki/Cate_Blanchett \"Cate Blanchett\") at the [2015 Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival \"2015 Cannes Film Festival\")](/wiki/File:Cannes_2015_18.jpg \"Cannes 2015 18.jpg\")\n\nMara's sole release of 2014 was the [crime](/wiki/Crime_film \"Crime film\") [drama](/wiki/Drama_film \"Drama film\") [thriller film](/wiki/Thriller_film \"Thriller film\") *[Trash](/wiki/Trash_%282014_film%29 \"Trash (2014 film)\")*, an adaptation of the 2010 novel of the same name by [Andy Mulligan](/wiki/Andy_Mulligan_%28author%29 \"Andy Mulligan (author)\") directed by [Stephen Daldry](/wiki/Stephen_Daldry \"Stephen Daldry\"). The same year, Mara served as the [costume designer](/wiki/Costume_designer \"Costume designer\") on her then\\-boyfriend [Charlie McDowell](/wiki/Charlie_McDowell \"Charlie McDowell\")'s feature directorial debut *[The One I Love](/wiki/The_One_I_Love_%28film%29 \"The One I Love (film)\")*. She was credited as Bree Daniel.\n\nIn 2015, Mara starred opposite [Cate Blanchett](/wiki/Cate_Blanchett \"Cate Blanchett\") in [Todd Haynes](/wiki/Todd_Haynes \"Todd Haynes\")'s highly acclaimed film adaptation of [Patricia Highsmith](/wiki/Patricia_Highsmith \"Patricia Highsmith\")'s *[The Price of Salt](/wiki/The_Price_of_Salt \"The Price of Salt\")*, *[Carol](/wiki/Carol_%28film%29 \"Carol (film)\")*. The film premiered at the [2015 Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival \"2015 Cannes Film Festival\"), where it received a ten\\-minute standing ovation. She won the [Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress](/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress \"Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress\") for her role in the film, shared with [Emmanuelle Bercot](/wiki/Emmanuelle_Bercot \"Emmanuelle Bercot\"). Her performance garnered widespread critical acclaim and earned her nominations for an [Academy Award](/wiki/Academy_Award \"Academy Award\"), a [Golden Globe Award](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award \"Golden Globe Award\"), a [British Academy Film Award](/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Award \"British Academy Film Award\") and a [Screen Actors Guild Award](/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award \"Screen Actors Guild Award\").\n\nThe same year, Mara played [Tiger Lily](/wiki/Tiger_Lily_%28Peter_Pan%29 \"Tiger Lily (Peter Pan)\") in the [Joe Wright](/wiki/Joe_Wright \"Joe Wright\")\\-directed fantasy film *[Pan](/wiki/Pan_%282015_film%29 \"Pan (2015 film)\")*, a role for which she received a great deal of criticism; she and Wright faced accusations of \"[whitewashing](/wiki/Whitewashing_in_film \"Whitewashing in film\")\" a [Native American](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Native Americans in the United States\") character. To express their concerns, Native American activists created a hashtag \\#NotYourTigerlily to protest Mara's casting and thousands of Native Americans participated in a \"Twitterstorm\" to share memes addressing their concerns about the portrayal of Native women in film. Mara would later voice regret over her role in the film.\n\nIn 2016, Mara voiced The Sisters in the [stop motion](/wiki/Stop_motion \"Stop motion\") animated film *[Kubo and the Two Strings](/wiki/Kubo_and_the_Two_Strings \"Kubo and the Two Strings\")*. She then starred alongside [Ben Mendelsohn](/wiki/Ben_Mendelsohn \"Ben Mendelsohn\") in [Benedict Andrews](/wiki/Benedict_Andrews \"Benedict Andrews\")' *[Una](/wiki/Una_%28film%29 \"Una (film)\")*, which had its world premiere at the [Telluride Film Festival](/wiki/Telluride_Film_Festival \"Telluride Film Festival\") on September 2, 2016\\. Mara next starred in *[Lion](/wiki/Lion_%282016_film%29 \"Lion (2016 film)\")* alongside [Dev Patel](/wiki/Dev_Patel \"Dev Patel\") and [Nicole Kidman](/wiki/Nicole_Kidman \"Nicole Kidman\"), and *[The Secret Scripture](/wiki/The_Secret_Scripture_%28film%29 \"The Secret Scripture (film)\")*, directed by [Jim Sheridan](/wiki/Jim_Sheridan \"Jim Sheridan\"). The former was well\\-received by critics, with praise for the acting, emotion, visuals and cinematography. It received six [Oscar](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\") nominations at the [89th Academy Awards](/wiki/89th_Academy_Awards \"89th Academy Awards\"), including [Best Picture](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture \"Academy Award for Best Picture\") and [Best Adapted Screenplay](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay \"Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay\").\n\n### 2017–present: Hiatus and further film career\n\nIn 2017, Mara appeared in *[The Discovery](/wiki/The_Discovery_%28film%29 \"The Discovery (film)\")* directed by [Charlie McDowell](/wiki/Charlie_McDowell \"Charlie McDowell\") and *[A Ghost Story](/wiki/A_Ghost_Story \"A Ghost Story\")*, with [Casey Affleck](/wiki/Casey_Affleck \"Casey Affleck\"), directed by [David Lowery](/wiki/David_Lowery_%28director%29 \"David Lowery (director)\"). Both had their world premieres at the 2017 [Sundance Film Festival](/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival \"Sundance Film Festival\"). Mara starred with [Ryan Gosling](/wiki/Ryan_Gosling \"Ryan Gosling\"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman \"Natalie Portman\"), [Cate Blanchett](/wiki/Cate_Blanchett \"Cate Blanchett\") and [Val Kilmer](/wiki/Val_Kilmer \"Val Kilmer\") in [Terrence Malick](/wiki/Terrence_Malick \"Terrence Malick\")'s *[Song to Song](/wiki/Song_to_Song \"Song to Song\")*, which had a [limited release](/wiki/Limited_release \"Limited release\").Lodderhose, Diana (November 1, 2011\\). \"[Bale, Blanchett to star in two Terrence Malick pics](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118045399)\". *Variety*. Retrieved on November 5, 2011\\.\n\nMara appeared in *[Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot](/wiki/Don%27t_Worry%2C_He_Won%27t_Get_Far_on_Foot \"Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot\")*, directed by [Gus Van Sant](/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant \"Gus Van Sant\"), opposite [Joaquin Phoenix](/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix \"Joaquin Phoenix\"), [Jonah Hill](/wiki/Jonah_Hill \"Jonah Hill\") and [Jack Black](/wiki/Jack_Black \"Jack Black\"). The film had its world premiere at the 2018 [Sundance Film Festival](/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival \"Sundance Film Festival\"). and was later released by [Amazon Studios](/wiki/Amazon_Studios \"Amazon Studios\"). That same year, Mara starred opposite Phoenix again in *[Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene_%282018_film%29 \"Mary Magdalene (2018 film)\")*, written by [Helen Edmundson](/wiki/Helen_Edmundson \"Helen Edmundson\") and directed by [Garth Davis](/wiki/Garth_Davis \"Garth Davis\"). This same year, she also collaborated with [Joaquin Phoenix](/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix \"Joaquin Phoenix\"), [Sia](/wiki/Sia \"Sia\"), [Sadie Sink](/wiki/Sadie_Sink \"Sadie Sink\") and [Kat von D](/wiki/Kat_von_D \"Kat von D\") to narrate Chris Delforce's animal rights documentary [*Dominion*](/wiki/Dominion_%28documentary%29 \"Dominion (documentary)\"). For her contribution to the documentary, she was granted the 2018 Award of Excellence for Narration by Hollywood International Independent Documentary Awards.\n\nFollowing a brief hiatus, Mara co\\-starred in the [neo\\-noir](/wiki/Neo-noir \"Neo-noir\") [psychological thriller](/wiki/Psychological_thriller \"Psychological thriller\") *[Nightmare Alley](/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_%282021_film%29 \"Nightmare Alley (2021 film)\")* (2021\\), an adaptation of the [1946 novel of the same name](/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_%28novel%29 \"Nightmare Alley (novel)\") directed by [Guillermo del Toro](/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro \"Guillermo del Toro\"). The film received critical acclaim and was included in the Top 10 Films of the year by the [American Film Institute Awards](/wiki/American_Film_Institute_Awards \"American Film Institute Awards\"), but fared badly at the box office. It received four nominations at the [94th Academy Awards](/wiki/94th_Academy_Awards \"94th Academy Awards\"), including [Best Picture](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture \"Academy Award for Best Picture\"). In 2022, Mara starred with [Frances McDormand](/wiki/Frances_McDormand \"Frances McDormand\"), [Claire Foy](/wiki/Claire_Foy \"Claire Foy\"), [Jessie Buckley](/wiki/Jessie_Buckley \"Jessie Buckley\") and [Ben Whishaw](/wiki/Ben_Whishaw \"Ben Whishaw\") in [Sarah Polley](/wiki/Sarah_Polley \"Sarah Polley\")'s [feature adaptation](/wiki/Women_Talking_%28film%29 \"Women Talking (film)\") of [Miriam Toews](/wiki/Miriam_Toews \"Miriam Toews\")’ bestselling novel *[Women Talking](/wiki/Women_Talking_%28novel%29 \"Women Talking (novel)\")*. She will next star in an adaptation of [Arnold Wesker](/wiki/Arnold_Wesker \"Arnold Wesker\")'s 1975 play *[The Kitchen](/wiki/The_Kitchen_%28play%29 \"The Kitchen (play)\")*, directed by [Alonso Ruizpalacios](/wiki/Alonso_Ruizpalacios \"Alonso Ruizpalacios\").\n\n",
"### 2005–2009: Early work\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|upright\\|alt\\=A brunette woman smiles at the camera as she looks slightly to her left\\|Mara at the [2009 Toronto International Film Festival](/wiki/2009_Toronto_International_Film_Festival \"2009 Toronto International Film Festival\")](/wiki/File:RooneyMara09TIFF_%28cropped%29.jpg \"RooneyMara09TIFF (cropped).jpg\")\n\nMara first appeared as an [extra](/wiki/Extra_%28actor%29 \"Extra (actor)\") in films which starred her sister, including a [bit\\-part](/wiki/Bit_part \"Bit part\") in the 2005 [direct\\-to\\-video](/wiki/Direct-to-video \"Direct-to-video\") horror film *[Urban Legends: Bloody Mary](/wiki/Urban_Legends:Bloody_Mary \"Bloody Mary\")*. She found work in television, making her professional debut in a 2006 episode of the drama *[Law \\& Order: Special Victims Unit](/wiki/Law_%26_Order:Special_Victims_Unit \"Special Victims Unit\")*, as a girl who bullies overweight children.Zakarin, Jordan (December 19, 2011\\). \"[Rooney Mara: 'Law \\& Order: SVU' Quote Out Of Context](https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/19/rooney-mara-explains-law-and-order-svu-quote-out-of-context_n_1157602.html)\". [The Huffington Post](/wiki/The_Huffington_Post \"The Huffington Post\"). Retrieved December 20, 2011\\. She guest\\-starred on the legal drama *[Women's Murder Club](/wiki/Women%27s_Murder_Club_%28TV_series%29 \"Women's Murder Club (TV series)\")* and played a drug addict in an episode of *[The Cleaner](/wiki/The_Cleaner_%28American_TV_series%29 \"The Cleaner (American TV series)\")*.Patches, Matt (April 27, 2010\\). \"[The New Girl: Nightmare on Elm Street's Rooney Mara](http://www.ugo.com/movies/the-new-girl-nightmare-on-elm-streets-rooney-mara) \". [UGO](/wiki/UGO \"UGO\"). Retrieved April 27, 2010\\. Mara made her feature film debut *[Dream Boy](/wiki/Dream_Boy_%28film%29 \"Dream Boy (film)\")* (2008\\) and guest\\-starred as Megan for two episodes of [NBC](/wiki/NBC \"NBC\")'s *[ER](/wiki/ER_%28TV_series%29 \"ER (TV series)\")*.\n\nIn a [coming\\-of\\-age](/wiki/Coming-of-age \"Coming-of-age\") film *[Tanner Hall](/wiki/Tanner_Hall_%28film%29 \"Tanner Hall (film)\")* (2009\\), Mara landed her first lead role, as Fernanda who has an affair with a married family friend ([Tom Everett Scott](/wiki/Tom_Everett_Scott \"Tom Everett Scott\")).Barnard, Linda (September 19, 2009\\). \"[Today's TIFF mini reviews](https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/tiff/article/697479)\". *[Toronto Star](/wiki/Toronto_Star \"Toronto Star\")*. Retrieved on September 21, 2008\\. The film was the directorial debut of [Tatiana von Fürstenberg](/wiki/Tatiana_von_F%C3%BCrstenberg \"Tatiana von Fürstenberg\") and [Francesca Gregorini](/wiki/Francesca_Gregorini \"Francesca Gregorini\"),Blackerby, Jeffries (September 21, 2009\\). \"[Now Previewing \\| 'Tanner Hall'](https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/09/21/now-previewing-tanner-hall/)\". *[T Magazine](/wiki/T_%28New_York_Times%29 \"T (New York Times)\")*. Retrieved on August 17, 2010\\. it debuted at the [2009 Toronto International Film Festival](/wiki/2009_Toronto_International_Film_Festival \"2009 Toronto International Film Festival\") and had a limited theatrical release in September 2011\\.Webster, Andy (September 8, 2011\\). \"['Tanner Hall' Starring Rooney Mara — Review](https://movies.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/movies/tanner-hall-starring-rooney-mara-review.html)\". *[The New York Times](/wiki/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*. Retrieved on September 14, 2011\\. Mara dropped her first name 'Patricia', to be known professionally by her middle name after working on the project. \"I never really liked my first name,\" Mara stated to *[Paper](/wiki/Paper_%28magazine%29 \"Paper (magazine)\")* magazine. \"I never felt like a Tricia. And Rooney is more memorable\".Davis, Peter (January 4, 2010\\). \"[Rooney Mara](http://www.papermag.com/rooney-mara-1425637485.html)\". *[Paper](/wiki/Paper_%28magazine%29 \"Paper (magazine)\")*. Retrieved on March 30, 2018\\. Her father and younger brother also go by their middle names.Cheney, Alexandra (December 20, 2011\\). \"[Why 'The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' Stays Off Twitter](https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2011/12/20/dont-call-her-patricia-rooney-mara-on-her-middle-name-and-the-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo/)\". *[The Wall Street Journal](/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal \"The Wall Street Journal\")*. Retrieved on December 22, 2011\\.\n\nIn [Miguel Arteta](/wiki/Miguel_Arteta \"Miguel Arteta\")'s comedy\\-drama film *[Youth in Revolt](/wiki/Youth_in_Revolt_%28film%29 \"Youth in Revolt (film)\")*, Mara played Taggarty who tries to sleep with fifty men before she goes to college. The film was based on [C.D. Payne](/wiki/C.D._Payne \"C.D. Payne\")'s 1993 cult novel of the [same name](/wiki/Youth_in_Revolt \"Youth in Revolt\").Martin, Michael. \"[Rooney Mara](http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/rooney-mara/)\". *[Interview](/wiki/Interview_%28magazine%29 \"Interview (magazine)\")*. Retrieved on June 25, 2009\\.Goldstein, Gregg (June 23, 2008\\). \"['Youth in Revolt' gathers troops](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i8b257cb4a00fe122f022fe6b93da6a52)\". *[The Hollywood Reporter](/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter \"The Hollywood Reporter\")*. Retrieved on June 25, 2008\\. Mara had auditioned for the starring role, but was offered the smaller part when the lead went to [Portia Doubleday](/wiki/Portia_Doubleday \"Portia Doubleday\").Ram, Archana (August 17, 2010\\). \"['Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' star Rooney Mara is 'exceptionally gifted,' says her 'Youth in Revolt' director](http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/08/17/girl-with-dragon-tattoo-rooney-mara-lisbeth-salander/)\". *[Entertainment Weekly](/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly \"Entertainment Weekly\")*. Retrieved on August 17, 2010\\.\n\nMara played Courtney in the 2009 independent film *[Dare](/wiki/Dare_%28film%29 \"Dare (film)\")*Fleming, Michael (June 3, 2008\\). \"[Emmy Rossum takes indie 'Dare'](https://variety.com/2008/film/markets-festivals/emmy-rossum-takes-indie-dare-1117986806/)\". *[Variety](/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29 \"Variety (magazine)\")*. Retrieved 28 November 2019\\. and in *[The Winning Season](/wiki/The_Winning_Season \"The Winning Season\")* as Wendy, a high school basketball player having an affair with a middle\\-aged shoe salesman (Kevin Breznahan) with a similar story to *[The Bad News Bears](/wiki/The_Bad_News_Bears \"The Bad News Bears\")*.Malkin, Marc (August 17, 2010\\). \"[Dragon Tattoo Girl Hooks Up With Pervy Shoe Salesman](http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b195657_dragon_tattoo_girl_hooks_up_with_pervy.html)\". [E! Online](/wiki/E%21_Online \"E! Online\"). Retrieved on August 17, 2010\\. Both films were premiered at the [2009 Sundance Film Festival](/wiki/2009_Sundance_Film_Festival \"2009 Sundance Film Festival\") and Mara was included on *[Filmmaker](/wiki/Filmmaker_%28magazine%29 \"Filmmaker (magazine)\")* magazine's list of \"25 New Faces of Independent Film\" that year.\"[Summer 2009: 25 NEW FACES](http://filmmakermagazine.com/summer2009/25faces_5.php) \". Summer 2009\\. *[Filmmaker](/wiki/Filmmaker_%28magazine%29 \"Filmmaker (magazine)\")*. Retrieved on July 15, 2008\\.\n\nMara starred in a [remake](/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street_%282010_film%29 \"A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010 film)\") of the 1984 horror film *[A Nightmare on Elm Street](/wiki/A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\")*,[Set Report: A Nightmare in Elm Street 2010](https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/36058/set-report-a-nightmare-elm-street-2010). Dreadcentral.com (February 22, 2010\\). Retrieved on April 5, 2013\\. as the protagonist [Nancy Holbrook](/wiki/Nancy_Thompson_%28A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street%29 \"Nancy Thompson (A Nightmare on Elm Street)\"), a high school student victimized by [Freddy Krueger](/wiki/Freddy_Krueger \"Freddy Krueger\") ([Jackie Earle Haley](/wiki/Jackie_Earle_Haley \"Jackie Earle Haley\")).Vary, Adam B. (April 23, 2009\\). \"['Nightmare on Elm Street' producers in final talks with new Nancy](http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/04/nightmare-on-el.html) \". *Entertainment Weekly*. Retrieved on April 23, 2009\\. Mara began shooting the film in Chicago on May 5, 2009, directed by [Samuel Bayer](/wiki/Samuel_Bayer \"Samuel Bayer\").Kit, Borys (April 23, 2009\\). \"['Nightmare' beginning for trio of actors](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i360cdd62fc9ca5a89c765bddac47b174)\". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved on April 23, 2009\\. Mara told *Filmmaker* that she felt that her Nancy was \"completely different from the original\" and \"the loneliest girl in the world\". Mara had signed on to continue her role if a sequel was made.\"[Rooney Mara Signed on For 'Elm Street' Sequel](https://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/16566)\". June 24, 2009\\. [Bloody Disgusting](/wiki/Bloody_Disgusting \"Bloody Disgusting\"). Retrieved on June 25, 2009\\. She stated to *[Vogue](/wiki/Vogue_%28magazine%29 \"Vogue (magazine)\")* that she disliked the experience of making the film so much, that it made her question if she wanted to be an actress. Mara appeared at the [Hamptons International Film Festival](/wiki/Hamptons_International_Film_Festival \"Hamptons International Film Festival\") in October 2009 as part of its Breakthrough Performers Program, where she was tutored by [Sharon Stone](/wiki/Sharon_Stone \"Sharon Stone\").Guzman, Rafer (September 6, 2009\\). \"[Sharon Stone to be honored at Hamptons film festival](http://www.newsday.com/long-island/suffolk/sharon-stone-to-be-honored-at-hamptons-film-festival-1.1426911)\". *[Newsday](/wiki/Newsday \"Newsday\")*. Retrieved on September 21, 2008\\.\n\n",
"### 2010–2016: Breakthrough and critical acclaim\n\n[thumb\\|upright\\|alt\\=A brunette woman wearing a black dress looks to her right\\|Mara at the French premiere of *[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo](/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo_%282011_film%29 \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\")* in 2012](/wiki/File:Rooney_Mara_%282012%29_5_%28cropped%29.jpg \"Rooney Mara (2012) 5 (cropped).jpg\")\n\nIn 2010, Mara played Erica Albright, [Mark Zuckerberg](/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg \"Mark Zuckerberg\")'s ex\\-girlfriend, in [David Fincher](/wiki/David_Fincher \"David Fincher\")'s biographical drama film *[The Social Network](/wiki/The_Social_Network \"The Social Network\")*.Fischer, Russ (October 20, 2009\\). \"[Casting Notes: Selena Gomez in Teen Rom Com; The Social Network Gets New Kids; The Whistleblower Gets Proven Talent](https://archive.today/20120630064828/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/10/20/casting-notes-selena-gomez-in-teen-rom-com-the-social-network-gets-new-kids-the-whistleblower-gets-proven-talent/)\". [/Film](/wiki//Film \"/Film\"). Retrieved on October 20, 2009\\. The same year, Mara was cast as the lead in a film adaptation of *[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo](/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\")*, the first of the *[Millennium](/wiki/Millennium_series \"Millennium series\")* book trilogy by [Stieg Larsson](/wiki/Stieg_Larsson \"Stieg Larsson\"). She played [Lisbeth Salander](/wiki/Lisbeth_Salander \"Lisbeth Salander\"), a brilliant but troubled computer hacker who helps journalist [Mikael Blomkvist](/wiki/Mikael_Blomkvist \"Mikael Blomkvist\") ([Daniel Craig](/wiki/Daniel_Craig \"Daniel Craig\")) solve a series of murders. Mara won the role over several other actresses after two and a half months of auditions and [screen tests](/wiki/Screen_test \"Screen test\").Kellogg, Carolyn (August 16, 2010\\). \"[Rooney Mara will be the girl with the dragon tattoo](http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/jacketcopy/2010/08/rooney-mara-will-be-the-girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo.html)\". *[Los Angeles Times](/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*. Retrieved on August 16, 2010\\. David Fincher directed the film, with [Scott Rudin](/wiki/Scott_Rudin \"Scott Rudin\") producing. *[The Girl Who Played with Fire](/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Played_with_Fire \"The Girl Who Played with Fire\")* and *[The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest](/wiki/The_Girl_Who_Kicked_the_Hornets%27_Nest \"The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest\")* were planned to be adapted as well, depending on the film's box office performance.Snead, Elizabeth (December 19, 2011\\). \"[Why Rooney Mara Is Still Rocking Her 'Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' Look](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/fash-track/girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-rooney-mara-275292)\". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved December 20, 2011\\.Nicholson, Max (August 22, 2012\\). [\"Dragon Tattoo Sequel Delayed\"](https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/08/22/dragon-tattoo-sequel-delayed). *IGN.com*. Retrieved September 2, 2012\\. Fincher initially did not picture Mara as the character, but changed his mind after she auditioned. He convinced executives at [Columbia Pictures](/wiki/Columbia_Pictures \"Columbia Pictures\") to cast her for the part.Siegel, Tatiana (August 16, 2010\\). \"['Dragon Tattoo' casting raises questions](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118022970.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&ref=vertfilm)\". *Variety*. Retrieved August 24, 2010\\.\n\nFincher's *[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo](/wiki/The_Girl_with_the_Dragon_Tattoo_%282011_film%29 \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)\")* began shooting in Sweden in September 2010\\.Sperling, Nicole (August 16, 2010\\). \"['Girl with the Dragon Tattoo' finds its Lisbeth Salander: Rooney Mara](http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2010/08/16/girl-with-the-dragon-tattoo-rooney-mara/) \". *[Entertainment Weekly](/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly \"Entertainment Weekly\")*. Retrieved on August 16, 2010\\. Mara did not consider the film to be a remake, but another interpretation of the novel. \"I plan on giving my interpretation of the character,\" she stated to *[Variety](/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29 \"Variety (magazine)\")*.Heisler, Steve (October 15, 2010\\). \"[Rooney Mara: Clicks in 'Social Network'](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118025363.html?categoryid=13&cs=1)\". *Variety*. Retrieved on October 20, 2010\\. Mara's long brown hair was cut short and dyed black, in a style reminiscent of 1970s [punk](/wiki/Punk_fashion \"Punk fashion\") and 1980s [goth fashions](/wiki/Gothic_fashion \"Gothic fashion\"). She also had her ears pierced four times, and had her brow and right nipple [pierced](/wiki/Body_piercing \"Body piercing\") for the role. Her nose and lip piercings were fake. She kept the nipple piercing so that it would not need to be re\\-pierced for a sequel. Mara's eyebrows were bleached, and she wore a temporary dragon tattoo.Hirschberg, Lynn (February 2011\\). \"[David Fincher Gets The Girl](http://www.wmagazine.com/celebrities/2011/02/rooney_mara_girl_with_the_dragon_tattoo_film) \". *[W](/wiki/W_%28magazine%29 \"W (magazine)\")*. Retrieved January 13, 2011\\. She began preparing for the role by starting to skateboard and kickbox, and underwent dialect and computer training. She also visited [Stockholm](/wiki/Stockholm \"Stockholm\"), the setting of the novel.Garron, Barry (December 5, 2011\\). \"[Mara finds comfort in being the 'Dragon' lady](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118046942/)\". *Variety*. Retrieved on December 11, 2011\\. The film was released on December 20, 2011\\.Weinstein, Joshua L. (December 13, 2011\\). \"['Girl With the Dragon Tattoo' to Open a Day Early, to Beat the Yule Crush](https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS399115322820111213)\". [Reuters](/wiki/Reuters \"Reuters\"). Retrieved on December 15, 2011\\. Mara received universal critical acclaim and was nominated for the [Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama \"Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama\") for her performance.\"[Nominees for the 69th Golden Globe Awards](https://web.archive.org/web/20120108084913/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/45682672/ns/today-entertainment)\". *[Today](/wiki/Today_%28NBC_program%29 \"Today (NBC program)\")*. [Associated Press](/wiki/Associated_Press \"Associated Press\"). December 15, 2011\\. Retrieved on December 15, 2011\\. On January 24, 2012, she received her first nomination for the [Academy Award for Best Actress](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress \"Academy Award for Best Actress\").\n\nIn 2011, Mara was considered to star in [Kathryn Bigelow](/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow \"Kathryn Bigelow\")'s [action film](/wiki/Action_film \"Action film\") *[Zero Dark Thirty](/wiki/Zero_Dark_Thirty \"Zero Dark Thirty\")*, but the role went to [Jessica Chastain](/wiki/Jessica_Chastain \"Jessica Chastain\"). The following year, Mara signed on to replace [Carey Mulligan](/wiki/Carey_Mulligan \"Carey Mulligan\"), who had to drop out due to scheduling conflicts, in [Spike Jonze](/wiki/Spike_Jonze \"Spike Jonze\")'s *[Her](/wiki/Her_%28film%29 \"Her (film)\")* (2013\\), where she played Catherine Klausen, the ex\\-wife of central character Theodore Twombley ([Joaquin Phoenix](/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix \"Joaquin Phoenix\")). In addition, Mara starred in [Steven Soderbergh](/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh \"Steven Soderbergh\")'s psychological thriller *[Side Effects](/wiki/Side_Effects_%282013_film%29 \"Side Effects (2013 film)\")* (2013\\), replacing [Blake Lively](/wiki/Blake_Lively \"Blake Lively\"). The film also starred [Jude Law](/wiki/Jude_Law \"Jude Law\"), [Channing Tatum](/wiki/Channing_Tatum \"Channing Tatum\"), [Catherine Zeta\\-Jones](/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones \"Catherine Zeta-Jones\") and [Vinessa Shaw](/wiki/Vinessa_Shaw \"Vinessa Shaw\"). She played Emily Taylor, \"a woman who turns to prescription medication as a way of handling her anxiety concerning her husband's upcoming release from prison.\" She also starred in [David Lowery](/wiki/David_Lowery_%28director%29 \"David Lowery (director)\")'s romantic crime drama *[Ain't Them Bodies Saints](/wiki/Ain%27t_Them_Bodies_Saints \"Ain't Them Bodies Saints\")* (2013\\), which was described as a modern\\-day Bonnie and Clyde story, alongside [Casey Affleck](/wiki/Casey_Affleck \"Casey Affleck\") and [Ben Foster](/wiki/Ben_Foster_%28actor%29 \"Ben Foster (actor)\"). The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2013, where [IFC Films](/wiki/IFC_Films \"IFC Films\") purchased the rights for US distribution. In May 2013, she became the face of what was then a new Calvin Klein fragrance, Down Town.\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|alt\\=A brunette woman in a white dress, a man in a tuxedo, and a blonde woman in a dress that is mostly blue with other colored patterns stand in front of red stairs\\|Mara attending the premiere of *[Carol](/wiki/Carol_%28film%29 \"Carol (film)\")* with director [Todd Haynes](/wiki/Todd_Haynes \"Todd Haynes\") and [Cate Blanchett](/wiki/Cate_Blanchett \"Cate Blanchett\") at the [2015 Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival \"2015 Cannes Film Festival\")](/wiki/File:Cannes_2015_18.jpg \"Cannes 2015 18.jpg\")\n\nMara's sole release of 2014 was the [crime](/wiki/Crime_film \"Crime film\") [drama](/wiki/Drama_film \"Drama film\") [thriller film](/wiki/Thriller_film \"Thriller film\") *[Trash](/wiki/Trash_%282014_film%29 \"Trash (2014 film)\")*, an adaptation of the 2010 novel of the same name by [Andy Mulligan](/wiki/Andy_Mulligan_%28author%29 \"Andy Mulligan (author)\") directed by [Stephen Daldry](/wiki/Stephen_Daldry \"Stephen Daldry\"). The same year, Mara served as the [costume designer](/wiki/Costume_designer \"Costume designer\") on her then\\-boyfriend [Charlie McDowell](/wiki/Charlie_McDowell \"Charlie McDowell\")'s feature directorial debut *[The One I Love](/wiki/The_One_I_Love_%28film%29 \"The One I Love (film)\")*. She was credited as Bree Daniel.\n\nIn 2015, Mara starred opposite [Cate Blanchett](/wiki/Cate_Blanchett \"Cate Blanchett\") in [Todd Haynes](/wiki/Todd_Haynes \"Todd Haynes\")'s highly acclaimed film adaptation of [Patricia Highsmith](/wiki/Patricia_Highsmith \"Patricia Highsmith\")'s *[The Price of Salt](/wiki/The_Price_of_Salt \"The Price of Salt\")*, *[Carol](/wiki/Carol_%28film%29 \"Carol (film)\")*. The film premiered at the [2015 Cannes Film Festival](/wiki/2015_Cannes_Film_Festival \"2015 Cannes Film Festival\"), where it received a ten\\-minute standing ovation. She won the [Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress](/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress \"Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress\") for her role in the film, shared with [Emmanuelle Bercot](/wiki/Emmanuelle_Bercot \"Emmanuelle Bercot\"). Her performance garnered widespread critical acclaim and earned her nominations for an [Academy Award](/wiki/Academy_Award \"Academy Award\"), a [Golden Globe Award](/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award \"Golden Globe Award\"), a [British Academy Film Award](/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Award \"British Academy Film Award\") and a [Screen Actors Guild Award](/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award \"Screen Actors Guild Award\").\n\nThe same year, Mara played [Tiger Lily](/wiki/Tiger_Lily_%28Peter_Pan%29 \"Tiger Lily (Peter Pan)\") in the [Joe Wright](/wiki/Joe_Wright \"Joe Wright\")\\-directed fantasy film *[Pan](/wiki/Pan_%282015_film%29 \"Pan (2015 film)\")*, a role for which she received a great deal of criticism; she and Wright faced accusations of \"[whitewashing](/wiki/Whitewashing_in_film \"Whitewashing in film\")\" a [Native American](/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Native Americans in the United States\") character. To express their concerns, Native American activists created a hashtag \\#NotYourTigerlily to protest Mara's casting and thousands of Native Americans participated in a \"Twitterstorm\" to share memes addressing their concerns about the portrayal of Native women in film. Mara would later voice regret over her role in the film.\n\nIn 2016, Mara voiced The Sisters in the [stop motion](/wiki/Stop_motion \"Stop motion\") animated film *[Kubo and the Two Strings](/wiki/Kubo_and_the_Two_Strings \"Kubo and the Two Strings\")*. She then starred alongside [Ben Mendelsohn](/wiki/Ben_Mendelsohn \"Ben Mendelsohn\") in [Benedict Andrews](/wiki/Benedict_Andrews \"Benedict Andrews\")' *[Una](/wiki/Una_%28film%29 \"Una (film)\")*, which had its world premiere at the [Telluride Film Festival](/wiki/Telluride_Film_Festival \"Telluride Film Festival\") on September 2, 2016\\. Mara next starred in *[Lion](/wiki/Lion_%282016_film%29 \"Lion (2016 film)\")* alongside [Dev Patel](/wiki/Dev_Patel \"Dev Patel\") and [Nicole Kidman](/wiki/Nicole_Kidman \"Nicole Kidman\"), and *[The Secret Scripture](/wiki/The_Secret_Scripture_%28film%29 \"The Secret Scripture (film)\")*, directed by [Jim Sheridan](/wiki/Jim_Sheridan \"Jim Sheridan\"). The former was well\\-received by critics, with praise for the acting, emotion, visuals and cinematography. It received six [Oscar](/wiki/Academy_Awards \"Academy Awards\") nominations at the [89th Academy Awards](/wiki/89th_Academy_Awards \"89th Academy Awards\"), including [Best Picture](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture \"Academy Award for Best Picture\") and [Best Adapted Screenplay](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay \"Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay\").\n\n",
"### 2017–present: Hiatus and further film career\n\nIn 2017, Mara appeared in *[The Discovery](/wiki/The_Discovery_%28film%29 \"The Discovery (film)\")* directed by [Charlie McDowell](/wiki/Charlie_McDowell \"Charlie McDowell\") and *[A Ghost Story](/wiki/A_Ghost_Story \"A Ghost Story\")*, with [Casey Affleck](/wiki/Casey_Affleck \"Casey Affleck\"), directed by [David Lowery](/wiki/David_Lowery_%28director%29 \"David Lowery (director)\"). Both had their world premieres at the 2017 [Sundance Film Festival](/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival \"Sundance Film Festival\"). Mara starred with [Ryan Gosling](/wiki/Ryan_Gosling \"Ryan Gosling\"), [Natalie Portman](/wiki/Natalie_Portman \"Natalie Portman\"), [Cate Blanchett](/wiki/Cate_Blanchett \"Cate Blanchett\") and [Val Kilmer](/wiki/Val_Kilmer \"Val Kilmer\") in [Terrence Malick](/wiki/Terrence_Malick \"Terrence Malick\")'s *[Song to Song](/wiki/Song_to_Song \"Song to Song\")*, which had a [limited release](/wiki/Limited_release \"Limited release\").Lodderhose, Diana (November 1, 2011\\). \"[Bale, Blanchett to star in two Terrence Malick pics](https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118045399)\". *Variety*. Retrieved on November 5, 2011\\.\n\nMara appeared in *[Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot](/wiki/Don%27t_Worry%2C_He_Won%27t_Get_Far_on_Foot \"Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot\")*, directed by [Gus Van Sant](/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant \"Gus Van Sant\"), opposite [Joaquin Phoenix](/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix \"Joaquin Phoenix\"), [Jonah Hill](/wiki/Jonah_Hill \"Jonah Hill\") and [Jack Black](/wiki/Jack_Black \"Jack Black\"). The film had its world premiere at the 2018 [Sundance Film Festival](/wiki/Sundance_Film_Festival \"Sundance Film Festival\"). and was later released by [Amazon Studios](/wiki/Amazon_Studios \"Amazon Studios\"). That same year, Mara starred opposite Phoenix again in *[Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene_%282018_film%29 \"Mary Magdalene (2018 film)\")*, written by [Helen Edmundson](/wiki/Helen_Edmundson \"Helen Edmundson\") and directed by [Garth Davis](/wiki/Garth_Davis \"Garth Davis\"). This same year, she also collaborated with [Joaquin Phoenix](/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix \"Joaquin Phoenix\"), [Sia](/wiki/Sia \"Sia\"), [Sadie Sink](/wiki/Sadie_Sink \"Sadie Sink\") and [Kat von D](/wiki/Kat_von_D \"Kat von D\") to narrate Chris Delforce's animal rights documentary [*Dominion*](/wiki/Dominion_%28documentary%29 \"Dominion (documentary)\"). For her contribution to the documentary, she was granted the 2018 Award of Excellence for Narration by Hollywood International Independent Documentary Awards.\n\nFollowing a brief hiatus, Mara co\\-starred in the [neo\\-noir](/wiki/Neo-noir \"Neo-noir\") [psychological thriller](/wiki/Psychological_thriller \"Psychological thriller\") *[Nightmare Alley](/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_%282021_film%29 \"Nightmare Alley (2021 film)\")* (2021\\), an adaptation of the [1946 novel of the same name](/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_%28novel%29 \"Nightmare Alley (novel)\") directed by [Guillermo del Toro](/wiki/Guillermo_del_Toro \"Guillermo del Toro\"). The film received critical acclaim and was included in the Top 10 Films of the year by the [American Film Institute Awards](/wiki/American_Film_Institute_Awards \"American Film Institute Awards\"), but fared badly at the box office. It received four nominations at the [94th Academy Awards](/wiki/94th_Academy_Awards \"94th Academy Awards\"), including [Best Picture](/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture \"Academy Award for Best Picture\"). In 2022, Mara starred with [Frances McDormand](/wiki/Frances_McDormand \"Frances McDormand\"), [Claire Foy](/wiki/Claire_Foy \"Claire Foy\"), [Jessie Buckley](/wiki/Jessie_Buckley \"Jessie Buckley\") and [Ben Whishaw](/wiki/Ben_Whishaw \"Ben Whishaw\") in [Sarah Polley](/wiki/Sarah_Polley \"Sarah Polley\")'s [feature adaptation](/wiki/Women_Talking_%28film%29 \"Women Talking (film)\") of [Miriam Toews](/wiki/Miriam_Toews \"Miriam Toews\")’ bestselling novel *[Women Talking](/wiki/Women_Talking_%28novel%29 \"Women Talking (novel)\")*. She will next star in an adaptation of [Arnold Wesker](/wiki/Arnold_Wesker \"Arnold Wesker\")'s 1975 play *[The Kitchen](/wiki/The_Kitchen_%28play%29 \"The Kitchen (play)\")*, directed by [Alonso Ruizpalacios](/wiki/Alonso_Ruizpalacios \"Alonso Ruizpalacios\").\n\n",
"Other work\n----------\n\nIn February 2018, it was announced Mara, Sara Schloat, and Chrys Wong had started a vegan clothing line named Hiraeth Collective, consisting of clothing, shoes, and accessories, designed by themselves. The clothing line is produced in [Los Angeles, California](/wiki/Los_Angeles%2C_California \"Los Angeles, California\"). The clothing line was made available in select [Barneys New York](/wiki/Barneys_New_York \"Barneys New York\") stores and online, beginning in August 2018\\.\n\nMara founded the charity Faces of Kibera, which aimed to provide housing, food, and medical care for orphans in [Kibera](/wiki/Kibera \"Kibera\"), a slum in [Nairobi, Kenya](/wiki/Nairobi%2C_Kenya \"Nairobi, Kenya\"). The charity's goal was to build an orphanage in the region, for which 6 acres of land have been purchased. The charity auctioned memorabilia from the [Steelers](/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers \"Pittsburgh Steelers\") and [Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\"), as well as training camp events on [eBay](/wiki/EBay \"EBay\") to raise money. She visited the area as a volunteer in 2006 and was moved to help the orphans, many of whom lost parents to AIDS and HIV\\-related illnesses. She began the charity due to her frustration with the growing number of nonprofits that are just business opportunities. \"The people who need help aren't really getting it. So I started my own\", she told *[Interview](/wiki/Interview_%28magazine%29 \"Interview (magazine)\")* magazine in 2009\\. Mara later found it challenging to balance her charity work and acting career. \"I need to do both; I can't just do acting,\" she stated to *[The Journal News](/wiki/The_Journal_News \"The Journal News\")*. In January 2011, Faces of Kibera merged with [Uweza Foundation](/wiki/Uweza_Foundation \"Uweza Foundation\") which runs community\\-based empowerment programs in Kibera, including soccer leagues and after\\-school tutoring. Uweza is a [Swahili](/wiki/Swahili_language \"Swahili language\") word meaning opportunity, ability, and power. Mara serves as the president of the board of directors for the foundation.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nMara moved to Los Angeles in early 2007 and lived with her sister temporarily.['Sweet' Rooney Mara Enjoys Vegan Fare at Sundance – Park City, Sundance Film Festival, Caught in the Act, Rooney Mara, Restaurant](http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20667597,00.html). People.com (January 24, 2013\\). Retrieved on April 5, 2013\\.King, Susan (March 22, 2007\\). \"[She knows she tackled the right career](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-mar-22-wk-movies22-story.html)\". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved on December 15, 2011\\. Although they do not live together anymore, Mara felt that the experience brought them closer together, and as of 2010 were regularly discussing the film business and movie scripts. As of January 2012, Mara lived in the [Los Feliz](/wiki/Los_Feliz%2C_Los_Angeles \"Los Feliz, Los Angeles\") neighborhood of Los Angeles.Mead, Rebecca (January 2012\\). \"Into the Deep\". *[Allure](/wiki/Allure_%28magazine%29 \"Allure (magazine)\")*. pp. 103–106\\. She includes [Gena Rowlands](/wiki/Gena_Rowlands \"Gena Rowlands\") among the actresses who inspire her, especially her performances in *[A Woman Under the Influence](/wiki/A_Woman_Under_the_Influence \"A Woman Under the Influence\")* (1974\\) and *[Opening Night](/wiki/Opening_Night_%281977_film%29 \"Opening Night (1977 film)\")* (1977\\).\n\nSince late 2016, she has been in a relationship with American actor [Joaquin Phoenix](/wiki/Joaquin_Phoenix \"Joaquin Phoenix\"), her co\\-star in *[Her](/wiki/Her_%28film%29 \"Her (film)\")* (2013\\), *[Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot](/wiki/Don%27t_Worry%2C_He_Won%27t_Get_Far_on_Foot \"Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot\")* (2018\\), and *[Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene_%282018_film%29 \"Mary Magdalene (2018 film)\")* (2018\\). Like Phoenix, Mara is [vegan](/wiki/Veganism \"Veganism\"). As of September 2017, they reside in the [Hollywood Hills](/wiki/Hollywood_Hills \"Hollywood Hills\") with their two dogs, Soda and Oskar. They announced their engagement in 2019\\. Mara gave birth to their first child, a son, in August 2020\\. In 2020, Mara legally changed her name to Rooney Mara Phoenix. In June 2024, they welcomed their second child.\nIn September 2024, Joaquin Phoenix formalised his marriage with Rooney during Talk Easy podcast.\n\n",
"Filmography\n-----------\n\n### Film\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2005 | *[Urban Legends: Bloody Mary](/wiki/Urban_Legends:Bloody_Mary \"Bloody Mary\")* | Classroom Girl \\#1 | As Patricia Mara | |\n| 2008 | *[Dream Boy](/wiki/Dream_Boy_%28film%29 \"Dream Boy (film)\")* | Evelyn | | |\n| 2009 | *[Dare](/wiki/Dare_%28film%29 \"Dare (film)\")* | Courtney | | |\n| ** | Wendy Webber | | |\n| *[Friends (With Benefits)](/wiki/Friends_%28With_Benefits%29 \"Friends (With Benefits)\")* | Tara | | |\n| *[Youth in Revolt](/wiki/Youth_in_Revolt_%28film%29 \"Youth in Revolt (film)\")* | Taggarty | | |\n| *[Tanner Hall](/wiki/Tanner_Hall_%28film%29 \"Tanner Hall (film)\")* | Fernanda | | |\n| 2010 | ** | [Nancy Holbrook](/wiki/Nancy_Thompson_%28A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street%29 \"Nancy Thompson (A Nightmare on Elm Street)\") | | |\n| ** | Erica Albright | | |\n| 2011 | ** | [Lisbeth Salander](/wiki/Lisbeth_Salander \"Lisbeth Salander\") | | |\n| 2013 | *[Ain't Them Bodies Saints](/wiki/Ain%27t_Them_Bodies_Saints \"Ain't Them Bodies Saints\")* | Ruth Guthrie | | |\n| *[Side Effects](/wiki/Side_Effects_%282013_film%29 \"Side Effects (2013 film)\")* | Emily Taylor | | |\n| *[Her](/wiki/Her_%28film%29 \"Her (film)\")* | Catherine Klausen | | |\n| 2014 | *[Trash](/wiki/Trash_%282014_film%29 \"Trash (2014 film)\")* | Sister Olivia | | |\n| 2015 | *[Carol](/wiki/Carol_%28film%29 \"Carol (film)\")* | Therese Belivet | | |\n| *[Pan](/wiki/Pan_%282015_film%29 \"Pan (2015 film)\")* | [Tiger Lily](/wiki/Tiger_Lily_%28Peter_Pan%29 \"Tiger Lily (Peter Pan)\") | | |\n| 2016 | *[Kubo and the Two Strings](/wiki/Kubo_and_the_Two_Strings \"Kubo and the Two Strings\")* | Karasu / Washi | Voice roles | |\n| *[Una](/wiki/Una_%28film%29 \"Una (film)\")* | Una Spencer | | |\n| *[Lion](/wiki/Lion_%282016_film%29 \"Lion (2016 film)\")* | Lucy | | |\n| ** | Roseanne \"Rose\" McNulty | | |\n| 2017 | ** | Isla | | |\n| ** | M | | |\n| *[Song to Song](/wiki/Song_to_Song \"Song to Song\")* | Faye | | |\n| 2018 | *[Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot](/wiki/Don%27t_Worry%2C_He_Won%27t_Get_Far_on_Foot \"Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot\")* | Annu | | |\n| *[Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene_%282018_film%29 \"Mary Magdalene (2018 film)\")* | [Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene \"Mary Magdalene\") | | |\n| *[Dominion](/wiki/Dominion_%282018_film%29 \"Dominion (2018 film)\")* | Narrator | Documentary | |\n| 2021 | *[Nightmare Alley](/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_%282021_film%29 \"Nightmare Alley (2021 film)\")* | Molly Cahill | | |\n| 2022 | *[Women Talking](/wiki/Women_Talking_%28film%29 \"Women Talking (film)\")* | Ona Friesen | | |\n| 2024 | | Julia | Post\\-production | |\n\n### Television\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2006 | *[Law \\& Order: Special Victims Unit](/wiki/Law_%26_Order:Special_Victims_Unit \"Special Victims Unit\")* | Jessica DeLay | Episode: \"Fat\"; credited as Tricia Mara | |\n| 2007 | *[Women's Murder Club](/wiki/Women%27s_Murder_Club_%28TV_series%29 \"Women's Murder Club (TV series)\")* | Alexis Sherman | Episode: \"Blind Dates and Bleeding Hearts\" | |\n| 2008 | ** | Rebecca Smith | Episode: \"Rebecca\" | |\n| 2009 | *[ER](/wiki/ER_%28TV_series%29 \"ER (TV series)\")* | Megan | 2 episodes | |\n|\n\n",
"### Film\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2005 | *[Urban Legends: Bloody Mary](/wiki/Urban_Legends:Bloody_Mary \"Bloody Mary\")* | Classroom Girl \\#1 | As Patricia Mara | |\n| 2008 | *[Dream Boy](/wiki/Dream_Boy_%28film%29 \"Dream Boy (film)\")* | Evelyn | | |\n| 2009 | *[Dare](/wiki/Dare_%28film%29 \"Dare (film)\")* | Courtney | | |\n| ** | Wendy Webber | | |\n| *[Friends (With Benefits)](/wiki/Friends_%28With_Benefits%29 \"Friends (With Benefits)\")* | Tara | | |\n| *[Youth in Revolt](/wiki/Youth_in_Revolt_%28film%29 \"Youth in Revolt (film)\")* | Taggarty | | |\n| *[Tanner Hall](/wiki/Tanner_Hall_%28film%29 \"Tanner Hall (film)\")* | Fernanda | | |\n| 2010 | ** | [Nancy Holbrook](/wiki/Nancy_Thompson_%28A_Nightmare_on_Elm_Street%29 \"Nancy Thompson (A Nightmare on Elm Street)\") | | |\n| ** | Erica Albright | | |\n| 2011 | ** | [Lisbeth Salander](/wiki/Lisbeth_Salander \"Lisbeth Salander\") | | |\n| 2013 | *[Ain't Them Bodies Saints](/wiki/Ain%27t_Them_Bodies_Saints \"Ain't Them Bodies Saints\")* | Ruth Guthrie | | |\n| *[Side Effects](/wiki/Side_Effects_%282013_film%29 \"Side Effects (2013 film)\")* | Emily Taylor | | |\n| *[Her](/wiki/Her_%28film%29 \"Her (film)\")* | Catherine Klausen | | |\n| 2014 | *[Trash](/wiki/Trash_%282014_film%29 \"Trash (2014 film)\")* | Sister Olivia | | |\n| 2015 | *[Carol](/wiki/Carol_%28film%29 \"Carol (film)\")* | Therese Belivet | | |\n| *[Pan](/wiki/Pan_%282015_film%29 \"Pan (2015 film)\")* | [Tiger Lily](/wiki/Tiger_Lily_%28Peter_Pan%29 \"Tiger Lily (Peter Pan)\") | | |\n| 2016 | *[Kubo and the Two Strings](/wiki/Kubo_and_the_Two_Strings \"Kubo and the Two Strings\")* | Karasu / Washi | Voice roles | |\n| *[Una](/wiki/Una_%28film%29 \"Una (film)\")* | Una Spencer | | |\n| *[Lion](/wiki/Lion_%282016_film%29 \"Lion (2016 film)\")* | Lucy | | |\n| ** | Roseanne \"Rose\" McNulty | | |\n| 2017 | ** | Isla | | |\n| ** | M | | |\n| *[Song to Song](/wiki/Song_to_Song \"Song to Song\")* | Faye | | |\n| 2018 | *[Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot](/wiki/Don%27t_Worry%2C_He_Won%27t_Get_Far_on_Foot \"Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot\")* | Annu | | |\n| *[Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene_%282018_film%29 \"Mary Magdalene (2018 film)\")* | [Mary Magdalene](/wiki/Mary_Magdalene \"Mary Magdalene\") | | |\n| *[Dominion](/wiki/Dominion_%282018_film%29 \"Dominion (2018 film)\")* | Narrator | Documentary | |\n| 2021 | *[Nightmare Alley](/wiki/Nightmare_Alley_%282021_film%29 \"Nightmare Alley (2021 film)\")* | Molly Cahill | | |\n| 2022 | *[Women Talking](/wiki/Women_Talking_%28film%29 \"Women Talking (film)\")* | Ona Friesen | | |\n| 2024 | | Julia | Post\\-production | |\n\n",
"### Television\n\n| Year | Title | Role | Notes | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2006 | *[Law \\& Order: Special Victims Unit](/wiki/Law_%26_Order:Special_Victims_Unit \"Special Victims Unit\")* | Jessica DeLay | Episode: \"Fat\"; credited as Tricia Mara | |\n| 2007 | *[Women's Murder Club](/wiki/Women%27s_Murder_Club_%28TV_series%29 \"Women's Murder Club (TV series)\")* | Alexis Sherman | Episode: \"Blind Dates and Bleeding Hearts\" | |\n| 2008 | ** | Rebecca Smith | Episode: \"Rebecca\" | |\n| 2009 | *[ER](/wiki/ER_%28TV_series%29 \"ER (TV series)\")* | Megan | 2 episodes | |\n|\n\n",
"Accolades\n---------\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of actors with Academy Award nominations](/wiki/List_of_actors_with_Academy_Award_nominations \"List of actors with Academy Award nominations\")\n* [List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories](/wiki/List_of_actors_with_two_or_more_Academy_Award_nominations_in_acting_categories \"List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories\")\n* [List of animal rights advocates](/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_advocates \"List of animal rights advocates\")\n* [List of vegans](/wiki/List_of_vegans \"List of vegans\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Uweza Foundation website](http://www.uwezakenya.org/)\n* [Rooney Mara](https://www.newsfocus360.com/2024/08/rooney-mara-movies-list-year-wise.html) at NF360\n\n[Category:1985 births](/wiki/Category:1985_births \"1985 births\")\n[Category:21st\\-century American actresses](/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_actresses \"21st-century American actresses\")\n[Category:Actresses from New York (state)](/wiki/Category:Actresses_from_New_York_%28state%29 \"Actresses from New York (state)\")\n[Category:American fashion designers](/wiki/Category:American_fashion_designers \"American fashion designers\")\n[Category:American film actresses](/wiki/Category:American_film_actresses \"American film actresses\")\n[Category:American people of English descent](/wiki/Category:American_people_of_English_descent \"American people of English descent\")\n[Category:American people of French\\-Canadian descent](/wiki/Category:American_people_of_French-Canadian_descent \"American people of French-Canadian descent\")\n[Category:American people of German descent](/wiki/Category:American_people_of_German_descent \"American people of German descent\")\n[Category:American people of Irish descent](/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Irish_descent \"American people of Irish descent\")\n[Category:American people of Italian descent](/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Italian_descent \"American people of Italian descent\")\n[Category:American television actresses](/wiki/Category:American_television_actresses \"American television actresses\")\n[Category:American voice actresses](/wiki/Category:American_voice_actresses \"American voice actresses\")\n[Category:American veganism activists](/wiki/Category:American_veganism_activists \"American veganism activists\")\n[Category:American women fashion designers](/wiki/Category:American_women_fashion_designers \"American women fashion designers\")\n[Category:Best Supporting Actress AACTA International Award winners](/wiki/Category:Best_Supporting_Actress_AACTA_International_Award_winners \"Best Supporting Actress AACTA International Award winners\")\n[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners](/wiki/Category:Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Actress_winners \"Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners\")\n[Category:George Washington University alumni](/wiki/Category:George_Washington_University_alumni \"George Washington University alumni\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Rooney](/wiki/Category:Mara_family \"Mara family\")\n[Category:New York University Gallatin School of Individualized Study alumni](/wiki/Category:New_York_University_Gallatin_School_of_Individualized_Study_alumni \"New York University Gallatin School of Individualized Study alumni\")\n[Category:People from Bedford, New York](/wiki/Category:People_from_Bedford%2C_New_York \"People from Bedford, New York\")\n[Category:Rooney family](/wiki/Category:Rooney_family \"Rooney family\")\n[Category:People from Los Feliz, Los Angeles](/wiki/Category:People_from_Los_Feliz%2C_Los_Angeles \"People from Los Feliz, Los Angeles\")\n\n"
]
} |
Koyaura Station | {
"id": [
222511
],
"name": [
"MChew"
]
} | n1pgkqcfs37v50gtzi4ed937p3hc2t8 | 2023-06-03T01:12:53Z | 1,158,271,429 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Lines",
"Station layout",
"Platforms",
"History",
"Passenger statistics",
"Surrounding area",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n is a passenger [railway station](/wiki/Railway_station \"Railway station\") located in the town of [Saka](/wiki/Saka%2C_Hiroshima \"Saka, Hiroshima\"), [Aki District](/wiki/Aki_District%2C_Hiroshima \"Aki District, Hiroshima\"), [Hiroshima Prefecture](/wiki/Hiroshima_Prefecture \"Hiroshima Prefecture\"), [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\"). It is operated by the [West Japan Railway Company](/wiki/West_Japan_Railway_Company \"West Japan Railway Company\") (JR West).\n\n",
"Lines\n-----\n\nKoyaura Station is served by the JR West [Kure Line](/wiki/Kure_Line \"Kure Line\") and is 77\\.1 kilometers from the [terminus](/wiki/Terminal_station \"Terminal station\") of that line at . \n\n",
"Station layout\n--------------\n\nThe station consists of two ground\\-level opposed [side platforms](/wiki/Side_platform \"Side platform\") connected by a footbridge. The station is unattended. \n\n",
"Platforms\n---------\n\n \n \n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nKoyaura Station was opened on 1 May 1914\\.\n\n",
"Passenger statistics\n--------------------\n\nIn fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 306 passengers daily.[Numerical National Land Information Passenger Number Data by Station](https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/gml/datalist/KsjTmplt-S12-v2_6.html) \\- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, September 2020 \n\n",
"Surrounding area\n----------------\n\n* Tenchi River\n* [Japan National Route 31](/wiki/Japan_National_Route_31 \"Japan National Route 31\")\n* Saka Town Office Koyaura Branch Office (commonly known as Koyaura Fureai Center)\n* Saka Municipal Koyaura Elementary School\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of railway stations in Japan](/wiki/List_of_railway_stations_in_Japan \"List of railway stations in Japan\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [JR West Station Official Site](https://www.jr-odekake.net/eki/top?id=0801521)\n\n[Category:Railway stations in Japan opened in 1914](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Japan_opened_in_1914 \"Railway stations in Japan opened in 1914\")\n[Category:Railway stations in Hiroshima Prefecture](/wiki/Category:Railway_stations_in_Hiroshima_Prefecture \"Railway stations in Hiroshima Prefecture\")\n[Category:Saka, Hiroshima](/wiki/Category:Saka%2C_Hiroshima \"Saka, Hiroshima\")\n[Category:Kure Line](/wiki/Category:Kure_Line \"Kure Line\")\n\n"
]
} |
Sein und Zeit (The X-Files) | {
"id": [
578047
],
"name": [
"Toughpigs"
]
} | rbaceb98b0hjno5hixel8g6huvsjwl4 | 2024-05-23T16:52:08Z | 1,217,298,228 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Production",
"Writing",
"Production issues",
"Broadcast and reception",
"Footnotes",
"Bibliography",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - * \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"**Sein und Zeit**\" is the tenth episode of the [seventh season](/wiki/The_X-Files_season_7 \"The X-Files season 7\") of the [science fiction](/wiki/Science_fiction \"Science fiction\") [television series](/wiki/Television_series \"Television series\") *[The X\\-Files](/wiki/The_X-Files \"The X-Files\")*. The German language title directly references [Martin Heidegger's](/wiki/Martin_Heidegger \"Martin Heidegger\") best known work, translated as \"[Being and Time](/wiki/Being_and_Time \"Being and Time\")\" in English. It premiered on the [Fox network](/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company \"Fox Broadcasting Company\") on February 6, 2000, in the United States. The episode was written by [Chris Carter](/wiki/Chris_Carter_%28screenwriter%29 \"Chris Carter (screenwriter)\") and [Frank Spotnitz](/wiki/Frank_Spotnitz \"Frank Spotnitz\"), and directed by [Michael Watkins](/wiki/Michael_W._Watkins \"Michael W. Watkins\"). The episode helped to explore the series' overarching [mythology](/wiki/Mythology_of_The_X-Files \"Mythology of The X-Files\"). \"Sein und Zeit\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 8\\.4, being watched by 13\\.95 million people in its initial broadcast. It received mixed to positive reviews from critics.\n\nThe show centers on [FBI](/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") special agents [Fox Mulder](/wiki/Fox_Mulder \"Fox Mulder\") ([David Duchovny](/wiki/David_Duchovny \"David Duchovny\")) and [Dana Scully](/wiki/Dana_Scully \"Dana Scully\") ([Gillian Anderson](/wiki/Gillian_Anderson \"Gillian Anderson\")), who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called [X\\-Files](/wiki/X-File \"X-File\"). Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In this episode, Mulder becomes obsessed with a number of children who have vanished while investigating the bizarre disappearance of a young girl from her home. In the meanwhile, Scully fears that he is emotionally involved due to his sister's disappearance 27 years earlier. Her fears are heightened when Mulder's mother dies, apparently of [suicide](/wiki/Suicide \"Suicide\").\n\n\"Sein und Zeit\" was written as the first part of a two\\-part arc that would eventually reveal what had happened to Samantha Mulder. Executive producer [Frank Spotnitz](/wiki/Frank_Spotnitz \"Frank Spotnitz\") later noted that the episode bore stylistic similarities to the [fourth\\-season](/wiki/The_X-Files_season_4 \"The X-Files season 4\") episode \"[Paper Hearts](/wiki/Paper_Hearts_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Paper Hearts (The X-Files)\")\". Several production issues plagued the episode, including the arrest of one crew member who was accused of possible kidnap, and the lack of money needed for the faux newscast scene at the end of the episode.\n\n",
"Plot\n----\n\n[Fox Mulder](/wiki/Fox_Mulder \"Fox Mulder\") ([David Duchovny](/wiki/David_Duchovny \"David Duchovny\")) asks to be a part of the investigation looking for a little girl, Amber Lynn LaPierre, who disappeared from her home in [Sacramento, California](/wiki/Sacramento%2C_California \"Sacramento, California\"). Mulder's superior, [Walter Skinner](/wiki/Walter_Skinner \"Walter Skinner\") ([Mitch Pileggi](/wiki/Mitch_Pileggi \"Mitch Pileggi\")), initially denies his request, noting that the investigation is not an [X\\-file](/wiki/X-files_unit \"X-files unit\"), but simply a missing persons case. Mulder, however, convinces Skinner to allow him to investigate. The parents of Amber, Billie and Bud, tell Mulder that they found a note in the girl's bedroom, but the teaser for the episode revealed that the note was written by Billie herself. The note contains a mention of [Santa Claus](/wiki/Santa_Claus \"Santa Claus\"), which everyone finds out of place. Although the family is held for questioning, Mulder does not believe they did it. Looking through previous cases, Mulder finds a similar note, with a reference to Santa Claus, from a missing person case in Idaho from 1987\\. In the case, the mother was convicted and sentenced to twelve years. The file notes that she had a vision of her son dead before he disappeared, as did Bud on the night his daughter disappeared.\n\nMeanwhile, Mulder's mother Teena is found dead in her home. It is found she overdosed on sleeping pills after she burned all her pictures of Samantha and placed tape around her baseboards and turned the gas in the oven on. Mulder believes she was murdered and has [Dana Scully](/wiki/Dana_Scully \"Dana Scully\") ([Gillian Anderson](/wiki/Gillian_Anderson \"Gillian Anderson\")) do an autopsy. Later, Mulder visits the mother who was convicted twelve years prior. She tells him that Samantha is a [walk\\-in](/wiki/Walk-in_%28concept%29 \"Walk-in (concept)\"), a kind spirit who takes children so that they may be shielded from potential harm in their life. The mother tells Mulder that the children are safe, but she has no idea where they are. After hearing this, Mulder believes his mother probably also wrote a note after his sister's disappearance. He begins to think that the alien abduction never happened, and that his mother figured this out, which is why she was murdered. However, after performing the autopsy, Scully tells Mulder that it was definitely suicide, because she was ill with [Paget's carcinoma](/wiki/Paget%27s_disease_of_bone \"Paget's disease of bone\").\n\nDuring the happenings of the episode, a man playing Santa at a Christmas\\-themed ranch is shown videotaping the children at his ranch. Billie later tells Mulder that she saw a vision of her daughter in her room and that she said the number 74\\. Mulder decides he cannot finish the case and wants to take time off because he's too close to make any sound judgment. On their way to the airport, Scully comes across the Santa park (situated off of [California State Route 74](/wiki/California_State_Route_74 \"California State Route 74\")) and decides to stop because of the reference to Santa Claus in the notes. Here they find the videotape setup and tapes dating back to the 1960s, including one of Amber Lynn LaPierre. The man who runs the park is promptly arrested, and Mulder finds graves of children all over his ranch.\n\n",
"Production\n----------\n\n### Writing\n\nAlthough both the [season four](/wiki/The_X-Files_season_4 \"The X-Files season 4\") episode \"[Paper Hearts](/wiki/Paper_Hearts_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Paper Hearts (The X-Files)\")\" and the [season five](/wiki/The_X-Files_season_5 \"The X-Files season 5\") episode \"[Redux II](/wiki/Redux_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Redux (The X-Files)\")\" had dealt with possible explanations for Samantha Mulder's fate, the issue had yet to be resolved when the series moved into its seventh season. Series creator [Chris Carter](/wiki/Chris_Carter_%28screenwriter%29 \"Chris Carter (screenwriter)\") was well aware that season seven might have been the show's last, so he decided that with \"Sein und Zeit\", the show would start to conclude the story. He explained: \"The expectation was that if this were going to be the final season, that the finale would be about Mulder's sister. We wanted to deal with that sooner rather than later. We wanted to wrap up Mulder's emotion story with his sister and do it in such a way that would emphasize \\[David Duchovny's] dramatic abilities.\"Shapiro, p. 129\\.\n\nExecutive producer Frank Spotnitz felt that the episode bore stylistic similarities to \"Paper Hearts\". However, unlike that episode, \"Sein und Zeit\" and its second part \"[Closure](/wiki/Closure_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Closure (The X-Files)\")\" set out to actually answer the question of Samantha's disappearance. Spotnitz later explained, \"it's similar \\[…] in the sense that what you always thought happened to Samantha may not have actually happened. 'Paper Hearts' never ultimately answers the question. We've had people come up to us and say, 'Okay, so we know she's really dead, so what happened?' So we decided in this one to answer the question.\" The episode's title is a reference to [Martin Heidegger](/wiki/Martin_Heidegger \"Martin Heidegger\")'s seminal work of the same name, which is [German](/wiki/German_language \"German language\") for \"Being and Time\".\n\n### Production issues\n\nSeveral accidents hindered the production of the episode, the first of which revolved around a fake ransom note that included the threatening line \"Don't do anything or we'll kill your baby\". The prop department had mocked up this document for the scene in which Mrs. LaPierre [automatically writes](/wiki/Automatic_writing \"Automatic writing\") the kidnapper's message. A crew member for the show later took the note (included in a folder with other documents) to a pay phone before driving to the shooting location, and after his call, he neglected to pick up the folder. A person watching the crew member became suspicious of his behavior and called the police. Later, the crew member realized his mistake and returned to retrieve the note, where he was promptly arrested. Director Kim Manners later called the situation a \"mess\".\n\nThe second major event that hindered production involved a lack of money. As production for \"Sein und Zeit\" was wrapping up, the production crew depleted all of their funding. However, there was one critical scene that still needed to be filmed: a short sequence of a TV news anchor reporting on the events of the episode. To overcome the issue, producer Paul Rabwin got creative; he eschewed asking Fox for more money by instead reaching out to Robert Penfold, a local TV correspondent who was based out of [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"). Rabwin asked Penfold \"to 'donate' the needed news report for a chance to be on *The X\\-Files*\"an offer which Penfold happily accepted. According to Rabwin, \"We went to his studio setup, inserted a visual of a busy newsroom behind the correspondent, added some pictures of the kidnapped children, and we had our scene.\"\n\n",
"### Writing\n\nAlthough both the [season four](/wiki/The_X-Files_season_4 \"The X-Files season 4\") episode \"[Paper Hearts](/wiki/Paper_Hearts_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Paper Hearts (The X-Files)\")\" and the [season five](/wiki/The_X-Files_season_5 \"The X-Files season 5\") episode \"[Redux II](/wiki/Redux_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Redux (The X-Files)\")\" had dealt with possible explanations for Samantha Mulder's fate, the issue had yet to be resolved when the series moved into its seventh season. Series creator [Chris Carter](/wiki/Chris_Carter_%28screenwriter%29 \"Chris Carter (screenwriter)\") was well aware that season seven might have been the show's last, so he decided that with \"Sein und Zeit\", the show would start to conclude the story. He explained: \"The expectation was that if this were going to be the final season, that the finale would be about Mulder's sister. We wanted to deal with that sooner rather than later. We wanted to wrap up Mulder's emotion story with his sister and do it in such a way that would emphasize \\[David Duchovny's] dramatic abilities.\"Shapiro, p. 129\\.\n\nExecutive producer Frank Spotnitz felt that the episode bore stylistic similarities to \"Paper Hearts\". However, unlike that episode, \"Sein und Zeit\" and its second part \"[Closure](/wiki/Closure_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Closure (The X-Files)\")\" set out to actually answer the question of Samantha's disappearance. Spotnitz later explained, \"it's similar \\[…] in the sense that what you always thought happened to Samantha may not have actually happened. 'Paper Hearts' never ultimately answers the question. We've had people come up to us and say, 'Okay, so we know she's really dead, so what happened?' So we decided in this one to answer the question.\" The episode's title is a reference to [Martin Heidegger](/wiki/Martin_Heidegger \"Martin Heidegger\")'s seminal work of the same name, which is [German](/wiki/German_language \"German language\") for \"Being and Time\".\n\n",
"### Production issues\n\nSeveral accidents hindered the production of the episode, the first of which revolved around a fake ransom note that included the threatening line \"Don't do anything or we'll kill your baby\". The prop department had mocked up this document for the scene in which Mrs. LaPierre [automatically writes](/wiki/Automatic_writing \"Automatic writing\") the kidnapper's message. A crew member for the show later took the note (included in a folder with other documents) to a pay phone before driving to the shooting location, and after his call, he neglected to pick up the folder. A person watching the crew member became suspicious of his behavior and called the police. Later, the crew member realized his mistake and returned to retrieve the note, where he was promptly arrested. Director Kim Manners later called the situation a \"mess\".\n\nThe second major event that hindered production involved a lack of money. As production for \"Sein und Zeit\" was wrapping up, the production crew depleted all of their funding. However, there was one critical scene that still needed to be filmed: a short sequence of a TV news anchor reporting on the events of the episode. To overcome the issue, producer Paul Rabwin got creative; he eschewed asking Fox for more money by instead reaching out to Robert Penfold, a local TV correspondent who was based out of [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles \"Los Angeles\"). Rabwin asked Penfold \"to 'donate' the needed news report for a chance to be on *The X\\-Files*\"an offer which Penfold happily accepted. According to Rabwin, \"We went to his studio setup, inserted a visual of a busy newsroom behind the correspondent, added some pictures of the kidnapped children, and we had our scene.\"\n\n",
"Broadcast and reception\n-----------------------\n\n\"Sein und Zeit\" first aired in the United States on February 6, 2000\\. This episode earned a [Nielsen rating](/wiki/Nielsen_rating \"Nielsen rating\") of 8\\.4, with a 12 share, meaning that roughly 8\\.4 percent of all television\\-equipped households, and 12 percent of households watching television, were tuned in to the episode. It was viewed by 13\\.95 million viewers.Shapiro, p. 281\\. The episode aired in the [United Kingdom](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\") and [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland \"Ireland\") on [Sky1](/wiki/Sky1 \"Sky1\") on May 21, 2000, and received 0\\.83 million viewers, making it the sixth most watched episode that week. Note: Information is in the section titled \"w/e May 15–21, 2000\", listed under Sky 1 Fox promoted the episode with the tagline \"They go to bed. And they're gone forever.\" The episode was later included on *[The X\\-Files Mythology, Volume 3 – Colonization](/wiki/The_X-Files_Mythology%2C_Volume_3_%E2%80%93_Colonization \"The X-Files Mythology, Volume 3 – Colonization\")*, a DVD collection that contains episodes involved with the alien [Colonist](/wiki/Colonist_%28The_X-Files%29 \"Colonist (The X-Files)\")'s plans to take over the earth.\n\nEmily VanDerWerff of *[The A.V. Club](/wiki/The_A.V._Club \"The A.V. Club\")* awarded the episode an \"A−\" and called it a \"very, very good piece of television\". She was particularly pleased with the grimness of the story; she noted that it was largely about the way in which Mulder's \"belief system \\[is] eradicated before his very eyes\" after the suicide of his mom. VanDerWerff was also pleased with Duchovny's performance, writing that he \"brings the intense mania to Mulder that has always made the character work at his best.\" Despite this, she was slightly critical of the concept of the \"walk\\-ins\", which she called \"patently ridiculous\". Rich Rosell from DigitallyObsessed.com awarded the episode 4\\.5 out of 5 stars and wrote that while \"Chris Carter penned this episode, \\[and] his attempts at clarifying his own confounded mythology are often even more confusing than revelatory, 'Sein Und Zeit' is a tense installment, and leads neatly to the supposed wrap\\-up in the second half. \" Tom Kessenich, in his book *Examinations*, gave the episode a largely positive review, writing \"'Sein Und Zeit' not only served as a reminder of Fox Mulder's ongoing pain it provided yet another clue that, although its journey is nearing its completion, *The X\\-Files* still knows how to make the ride an enjoyable one.\"Kessenich, p. 111\\. [Robert Shearman](/wiki/Robert_Shearman \"Robert Shearman\") and [Lars Pearson](/wiki/Lars_Pearson \"Lars Pearson\"), in their book *Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X\\-Files, Millennium \\& The Lone Gunmen*, rated the episode five stars out of five. The two called the episode \"a welcome return to an X\\-Files we haven't seen for awhile—hard, passionate, and with an urgent story to tell. From where I'm sitting, in the middle of a lacklustre season, it smells strongly of a masterpiece.\"Shearman and Pearson, p. 215\\.\n\nOther reviews were less complimentary. Paula Vitaris from *[Cinefantastique](/wiki/Cinefantastique \"Cinefantastique\")* gave the episode a mixed review and awarded it two stars out of four. Vitaris wrote, \"there are some powerful and touching moments in 'Sein und Zeit', but others that miss the mark so widely that it hurts to think what this episode might have been.\" Kenneth Silber from [Space.com](/wiki/Space.com \"Space.com\"), although complimentary towards the focus on Samantha Mulder, was critical of the slowness of the episode, writing, \"While the series' reversion to its central theme is much appreciated, this episode unfolds with an unfortunate slowness that does little to satisfy the seven\\-year itch many X\\-Files viewers have come to feel in response to monster\\-of\\-the\\-week episodes and phony\\-baloney mythology cliffhangers.\"\n\n",
"Footnotes\n---------\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:2000 American television episodes](/wiki/Category:2000_American_television_episodes \"2000 American television episodes\")\n[Category:Television episodes written by Chris Carter (screenwriter)](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_written_by_Chris_Carter_%28screenwriter%29 \"Television episodes written by Chris Carter (screenwriter)\")\n[Category:Television episodes written by Frank Spotnitz](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_written_by_Frank_Spotnitz \"Television episodes written by Frank Spotnitz\")\n[Category:Television episodes set in California](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_set_in_California \"Television episodes set in California\")\n[Category:Television episodes set in Connecticut](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_set_in_Connecticut \"Television episodes set in Connecticut\")\n[Category:Television episodes set in Idaho](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_set_in_Idaho \"Television episodes set in Idaho\")\n[Category:The X\\-Files season 7 episodes](/wiki/Category:The_X-Files_season_7_episodes \"The X-Files season 7 episodes\")\n[Category:Television episodes about suicide](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_about_suicide \"Television episodes about suicide\")\n[Category:Television episodes about child abduction](/wiki/Category:Television_episodes_about_child_abduction \"Television episodes about child abduction\")\n\n"
]
} |
Yesodot | {
"id": [
327289
],
"name": [
"Number 57"
]
} | 649u5jovwi47q6r7050d2fp1mquexz1 | 2023-10-09T20:10:00Z | 1,179,121,060 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Yesodot** () is a [Haredi](/wiki/Haredi \"Haredi\") [moshav shitufi](/wiki/Moshav_shitufi \"Moshav shitufi\") in central [Israel](/wiki/Israel \"Israel\"). Located in the [Shephelah](/wiki/Shephelah \"Shephelah\"), it falls under the jurisdiction of [Nahal Sorek Regional Council](/wiki/Nahal_Sorek_Regional_Council \"Nahal Sorek Regional Council\"). In it had a population of .\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe village was established at a control point on the [Burma Road](/wiki/Burma_Road_%28Israel%29 \"Burma Road (Israel)\") in 1948 during the [Arab–Israeli War](/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War \"1948 Arab–Israeli War\") on land that had belonged to the [depopulated](/wiki/List_of_villages_depopulated_during_the_Arab-Israeli_conflict \"List of villages depopulated during the Arab-Israeli conflict\") [Palestinian](/wiki/Palestinians \"Palestinians\") village of [Umm Kalkha](/wiki/Umm_Kalkha \"Umm Kalkha\"). The [community](/wiki/Gar%27in \"Gar'in\") had been established two years earlier by [immigrants](/wiki/Aliyah \"Aliyah\") from [Hungary](/wiki/Hungary \"Hungary\") and [Poland](/wiki/Poland \"Poland\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Moshavim](/wiki/Category:Moshavim \"Moshavim\")\n[Category:Religious Israeli communities](/wiki/Category:Religious_Israeli_communities \"Religious Israeli communities\")\n[Category:Populated places established in 1948](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_established_in_1948 \"Populated places established in 1948\")\n[Category:Populated places in Central District (Israel)](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Central_District_%28Israel%29 \"Populated places in Central District (Israel)\")\n[Category:1948 establishments in Israel](/wiki/Category:1948_establishments_in_Israel \"1948 establishments in Israel\")\n[Category:Hungarian\\-Jewish culture in Israel](/wiki/Category:Hungarian-Jewish_culture_in_Israel \"Hungarian-Jewish culture in Israel\")\n[Category:Polish\\-Jewish culture in Israel](/wiki/Category:Polish-Jewish_culture_in_Israel \"Polish-Jewish culture in Israel\")\n\n"
]
} |
Brian Scott | {
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
} | j8j2dy1icivdg8bmvd6essbts11847w | 2024-07-18T01:46:09Z | 1,234,906,125 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Racing career",
"Beginnings",
"NASCAR",
"Camping World Truck Series",
"Xfinity Series",
"Sprint Cup Series",
"Return to Xfinity Series",
"Personal life",
"Motorsports career results",
"NASCAR",
"Sprint Cup Series",
"Daytona 500",
"Xfinity Series",
"Camping World Truck Series",
"ARCA Re/Max Series",
"References",
"External links"
],
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"\n\n**Brian Joseph Scott** (born January 12, 1988\\) is an American former professional [stock car racing](/wiki/Stock_car_racing \"Stock car racing\") driver.\n\n",
"Racing career\n-------------\n\n### Beginnings\n\nScott has been racing competitively since the age of 12\\. One of his early career highlights came at the 360 Nationals at Skagit Speedway in [Alger, Washington](/wiki/Alger%2C_Washington \"Alger, Washington\"), when he competed against an elite field of dirt racers and brought home an impressive second\\-place finish. He recently was the first Idaho native to make a debut at the Daytona 500\\.\n\n### NASCAR\n\n#### Camping World Truck Series\n\nWhile splitting time between [USAR](/wiki/CARS_X-1R_Pro_Cup_Series \"CARS X-1R Pro Cup Series\") and Late Models, Scott's father, JB, announced he had purchased the [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR \"NASCAR\") [Camping World Truck Series](/wiki/Camping_World_Truck_Series \"Camping World Truck Series\") team [Xpress Motorsports](/wiki/Xpress_Motorsports \"Xpress Motorsports\"). Scott then made his NASCAR debut at the [Smith's Las Vegas 350](/wiki/Smith%27s_350 \"Smith's 350\") and in 2008 moved to the Trucks full\\-time to run for and eventually finish second for the Rookie of the Year. [Albertsons](/wiki/Albertsons_%28SuperValu%29 \"Albertsons (SuperValu)\") became the team's new sponsor and after a change to [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") they end the year strong with five top\\-tens in the last seven races, including a second\\-place finish at the season\\-ending Ford 200\\. He went on to finish out his Truck resume with a win in the 2009 [AAA Insurance 200](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\") at [Dover International Speedway](/wiki/Dover_International_Speedway \"Dover International Speedway\"), twenty top\\-tens, nine top\\-fives, and several runner up finishes. On November 9, 2012, Scott added his second win in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series at Phoenix International Raceway in the Lucas Oil 150 and delivered [Kyle Busch Motorsports](/wiki/Kyle_Busch_Motorsports \"Kyle Busch Motorsports\") their second win of the season.\n\n#### Xfinity Series\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2010 Nationwide car for [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\")](/wiki/File:11BrianScott2010Bucyrus200RoadAmerica.jpg \"11BrianScott2010Bucyrus200RoadAmerica.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2011 Nationwide car for [Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/Joe_Gibbs_Racing \"Joe Gibbs Racing\")](/wiki/File:Nationwide_11_Brian_Scott_2011_Road_America_Bucyrus_200.jpg \"Nationwide 11 Brian Scott 2011 Road America Bucyrus 200.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Scott's 2012 Nationwide car for Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/File:11_Brian_Scott_2012_Road_America_Sargento_200.jpg \"11 Brian Scott 2012 Road America Sargento 200.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Scott's 2014 Nationwide car for [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\")](/wiki/File:2_Brian_Scott_NASCAR_Nationwide_2014_Gardner_Denver_200_at_Road_America.jpg \"2 Brian Scott NASCAR Nationwide 2014 Gardner Denver 200 at Road America.jpg\")\nHis Nationwide Series debut came in 2009 with seven starts in the series driving No. 10 and No. 11 for [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\"). Scott's first full season in the Nationwide Series was completed in 2010 with one Top 5 and five Top 10 finishes en route to finishing the season as the runner\\-up for Raybestos Rookie of the Year honors. Scott ran the first 28 races in the Braun Racing No. 11 but was released from the ride when Steve Turner bought the team. Scott finished the season in the RAB Racing No. 09\\. \n\nScott joined Joe Gibbs Racing in 2011 driving No. 11\\. His 2011 Nationwide Series campaign earned him two top\\-five finishes, seven top\\-10 finishes and one pole under the Joe Gibbs Racing banner. He also scored the Featherlite Most Improved driver of the year award. Scott finished eighth in the Nationwide Series point standings in 2011\\.\n\nScott and crew chief Kevin Kidd returned to the No. 11 team in 2012, gaining a sponsorship from [Dollar General](/wiki/Dollar_General \"Dollar General\"). In addition, Scott signed to drive the No. 18 in the Camping World Truck Series for Kyle Busch Motorsports in a few races. Scott would have a best finish of 3rd at Dover in the Nationwide Series, and returned to Victory Lane in the Truck Series at Phoenix. However, Scott would later be released from JGR in favor of championship runner\\-up [Elliott Sadler](/wiki/Elliott_Sadler \"Elliott Sadler\"). Scott later took over Sadler's previous No. 2 ride at [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\").\n\nScott earned his career best finish of 2nd at [Indianapolis Motor Speedway](/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway \"Indianapolis Motor Speedway\") in 2013 after getting by Kyle Busch on a late race restart. Busch passed him only two laps later and Scott had to settle for second. At [Richmond International Raceway](/wiki/Richmond_International_Raceway \"Richmond International Raceway\") that September Scott started on the pole and led 239 of 250 laps before being passed by [Brad Keselowski](/wiki/Brad_Keselowski \"Brad Keselowski\") and finishing second. Scott had a remarkable 2014 season, earning 23 top ten finishes and finished 4th in the championship standings.\n\n#### Sprint Cup Series\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2016 Cup car for [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\")](/wiki/File:Brian_Scott_44_Richard_Petty_Motorsports_Ford.jpg \"Brian Scott 44 Richard Petty Motorsports Ford.jpg\")\nIn August 2013, it was announced that Scott would make his debut in the [Sprint Cup Series](/wiki/Sprint_Cup_Series \"Sprint Cup Series\"), driving the No. 33 for RCR in the [Bank of America 500](/wiki/2013_Bank_of_America_500 \"2013 Bank of America 500\") at [Charlotte Motor Speedway](/wiki/Charlotte_Motor_Speedway \"Charlotte Motor Speedway\"). Scott started the race in 19th, and finished 27th, four laps down. Scott returned to the No. 33 for the [2014 Daytona 500](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\"). At Daytona, Scott led some laps and was collected in the big one late in the race. At Fontana a few weeks later, he tangled with [Aric Almirola](/wiki/Aric_Almirola \"Aric Almirola\") when Almirola lifted the throttle, causing Scott to run into the back of Almirola and wrecking both cars.\n\nAt Talladega, Scott won his first career Sprint Cup pole for the [2014 Aaron's 499](/wiki/2014_Aaron%27s_499 \"2014 Aaron's 499\") in the 33\\. In round \\#2, Scott had driven his fastest lap and for a total of 5 rounds, nobody was able to break the track record. In the race, Scott ran in the top 15 the entire race but was collected in \"[The Big One](/wiki/The_Big_One_%28NASCAR%29 \"The Big One (NASCAR)\")\" that struck with 45 laps to go.\n\nIt was announced that Scott would drive the No. 29 for RCR in the [2015 Daytona 500](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\"), however just before the entry list was released, RCR cancelled plans to field the car for him. Instead, he was hired to drive the No. 62 Chevrolet of [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") with RCR support, though Shore Lodge still sponsored the effort. Scott failed to qualify for the Daytona 500\\. Scott then successfully qualified RCR's No. 33 entry the next week at Atlanta. However, after [Michael Annett](/wiki/Michael_Annett \"Michael Annett\") failed to qualify, Scott gave up his ride to allow the Sprint Cup regular to earn driver points. After that, Scott finished 13th at Las Vegas, then his best finish in the series.\n\nOn December 9, 2015, [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") announced that Scott would take over [Sam Hornish Jr.](/wiki/Sam_Hornish_Jr. \"Sam Hornish Jr.\")'s No. 9 ride for the 2016 season. The car was later renumbered to No. 44\\.\n\nScott started the 2016 season crashing on the last lap in his [Can\\-Am Duel](/wiki/Can-Am_Duel \"Can-Am Duel\") qualifying race. Then at Auto Club Speedway, Scott scored a career\\-best 12th\\-place finish. After a dismal 2016 with no top 10s going into October, he finished second on the bumper of [Joey Logano](/wiki/Joey_Logano \"Joey Logano\")'s car at Talladega. It was the first top 5 and 10 in his career, his first top 10 for Richard Petty Motorsports, and his best career finish.\n\nOn November 10, 2016, Scott announced his retirement from NASCAR competition following the remainder of the 2016 season. Scott finished 15th in his last NASCAR race at Homestead.\n\n#### Return to Xfinity Series\n\nOn July 3, 2017, Scott announced that he would come out of retirement to drive the No. 3 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing at Iowa and Kentucky in July and September respectively. In his first race of 2017 at Iowa, Scott finished a strong 3rd place.\n\n",
"### Beginnings\n\nScott has been racing competitively since the age of 12\\. One of his early career highlights came at the 360 Nationals at Skagit Speedway in [Alger, Washington](/wiki/Alger%2C_Washington \"Alger, Washington\"), when he competed against an elite field of dirt racers and brought home an impressive second\\-place finish. He recently was the first Idaho native to make a debut at the Daytona 500\\.\n\n",
"### NASCAR\n\n#### Camping World Truck Series\n\nWhile splitting time between [USAR](/wiki/CARS_X-1R_Pro_Cup_Series \"CARS X-1R Pro Cup Series\") and Late Models, Scott's father, JB, announced he had purchased the [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR \"NASCAR\") [Camping World Truck Series](/wiki/Camping_World_Truck_Series \"Camping World Truck Series\") team [Xpress Motorsports](/wiki/Xpress_Motorsports \"Xpress Motorsports\"). Scott then made his NASCAR debut at the [Smith's Las Vegas 350](/wiki/Smith%27s_350 \"Smith's 350\") and in 2008 moved to the Trucks full\\-time to run for and eventually finish second for the Rookie of the Year. [Albertsons](/wiki/Albertsons_%28SuperValu%29 \"Albertsons (SuperValu)\") became the team's new sponsor and after a change to [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") they end the year strong with five top\\-tens in the last seven races, including a second\\-place finish at the season\\-ending Ford 200\\. He went on to finish out his Truck resume with a win in the 2009 [AAA Insurance 200](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\") at [Dover International Speedway](/wiki/Dover_International_Speedway \"Dover International Speedway\"), twenty top\\-tens, nine top\\-fives, and several runner up finishes. On November 9, 2012, Scott added his second win in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series at Phoenix International Raceway in the Lucas Oil 150 and delivered [Kyle Busch Motorsports](/wiki/Kyle_Busch_Motorsports \"Kyle Busch Motorsports\") their second win of the season.\n\n#### Xfinity Series\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2010 Nationwide car for [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\")](/wiki/File:11BrianScott2010Bucyrus200RoadAmerica.jpg \"11BrianScott2010Bucyrus200RoadAmerica.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2011 Nationwide car for [Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/Joe_Gibbs_Racing \"Joe Gibbs Racing\")](/wiki/File:Nationwide_11_Brian_Scott_2011_Road_America_Bucyrus_200.jpg \"Nationwide 11 Brian Scott 2011 Road America Bucyrus 200.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Scott's 2012 Nationwide car for Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/File:11_Brian_Scott_2012_Road_America_Sargento_200.jpg \"11 Brian Scott 2012 Road America Sargento 200.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Scott's 2014 Nationwide car for [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\")](/wiki/File:2_Brian_Scott_NASCAR_Nationwide_2014_Gardner_Denver_200_at_Road_America.jpg \"2 Brian Scott NASCAR Nationwide 2014 Gardner Denver 200 at Road America.jpg\")\nHis Nationwide Series debut came in 2009 with seven starts in the series driving No. 10 and No. 11 for [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\"). Scott's first full season in the Nationwide Series was completed in 2010 with one Top 5 and five Top 10 finishes en route to finishing the season as the runner\\-up for Raybestos Rookie of the Year honors. Scott ran the first 28 races in the Braun Racing No. 11 but was released from the ride when Steve Turner bought the team. Scott finished the season in the RAB Racing No. 09\\. \n\nScott joined Joe Gibbs Racing in 2011 driving No. 11\\. His 2011 Nationwide Series campaign earned him two top\\-five finishes, seven top\\-10 finishes and one pole under the Joe Gibbs Racing banner. He also scored the Featherlite Most Improved driver of the year award. Scott finished eighth in the Nationwide Series point standings in 2011\\.\n\nScott and crew chief Kevin Kidd returned to the No. 11 team in 2012, gaining a sponsorship from [Dollar General](/wiki/Dollar_General \"Dollar General\"). In addition, Scott signed to drive the No. 18 in the Camping World Truck Series for Kyle Busch Motorsports in a few races. Scott would have a best finish of 3rd at Dover in the Nationwide Series, and returned to Victory Lane in the Truck Series at Phoenix. However, Scott would later be released from JGR in favor of championship runner\\-up [Elliott Sadler](/wiki/Elliott_Sadler \"Elliott Sadler\"). Scott later took over Sadler's previous No. 2 ride at [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\").\n\nScott earned his career best finish of 2nd at [Indianapolis Motor Speedway](/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway \"Indianapolis Motor Speedway\") in 2013 after getting by Kyle Busch on a late race restart. Busch passed him only two laps later and Scott had to settle for second. At [Richmond International Raceway](/wiki/Richmond_International_Raceway \"Richmond International Raceway\") that September Scott started on the pole and led 239 of 250 laps before being passed by [Brad Keselowski](/wiki/Brad_Keselowski \"Brad Keselowski\") and finishing second. Scott had a remarkable 2014 season, earning 23 top ten finishes and finished 4th in the championship standings.\n\n#### Sprint Cup Series\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2016 Cup car for [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\")](/wiki/File:Brian_Scott_44_Richard_Petty_Motorsports_Ford.jpg \"Brian Scott 44 Richard Petty Motorsports Ford.jpg\")\nIn August 2013, it was announced that Scott would make his debut in the [Sprint Cup Series](/wiki/Sprint_Cup_Series \"Sprint Cup Series\"), driving the No. 33 for RCR in the [Bank of America 500](/wiki/2013_Bank_of_America_500 \"2013 Bank of America 500\") at [Charlotte Motor Speedway](/wiki/Charlotte_Motor_Speedway \"Charlotte Motor Speedway\"). Scott started the race in 19th, and finished 27th, four laps down. Scott returned to the No. 33 for the [2014 Daytona 500](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\"). At Daytona, Scott led some laps and was collected in the big one late in the race. At Fontana a few weeks later, he tangled with [Aric Almirola](/wiki/Aric_Almirola \"Aric Almirola\") when Almirola lifted the throttle, causing Scott to run into the back of Almirola and wrecking both cars.\n\nAt Talladega, Scott won his first career Sprint Cup pole for the [2014 Aaron's 499](/wiki/2014_Aaron%27s_499 \"2014 Aaron's 499\") in the 33\\. In round \\#2, Scott had driven his fastest lap and for a total of 5 rounds, nobody was able to break the track record. In the race, Scott ran in the top 15 the entire race but was collected in \"[The Big One](/wiki/The_Big_One_%28NASCAR%29 \"The Big One (NASCAR)\")\" that struck with 45 laps to go.\n\nIt was announced that Scott would drive the No. 29 for RCR in the [2015 Daytona 500](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\"), however just before the entry list was released, RCR cancelled plans to field the car for him. Instead, he was hired to drive the No. 62 Chevrolet of [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") with RCR support, though Shore Lodge still sponsored the effort. Scott failed to qualify for the Daytona 500\\. Scott then successfully qualified RCR's No. 33 entry the next week at Atlanta. However, after [Michael Annett](/wiki/Michael_Annett \"Michael Annett\") failed to qualify, Scott gave up his ride to allow the Sprint Cup regular to earn driver points. After that, Scott finished 13th at Las Vegas, then his best finish in the series.\n\nOn December 9, 2015, [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") announced that Scott would take over [Sam Hornish Jr.](/wiki/Sam_Hornish_Jr. \"Sam Hornish Jr.\")'s No. 9 ride for the 2016 season. The car was later renumbered to No. 44\\.\n\nScott started the 2016 season crashing on the last lap in his [Can\\-Am Duel](/wiki/Can-Am_Duel \"Can-Am Duel\") qualifying race. Then at Auto Club Speedway, Scott scored a career\\-best 12th\\-place finish. After a dismal 2016 with no top 10s going into October, he finished second on the bumper of [Joey Logano](/wiki/Joey_Logano \"Joey Logano\")'s car at Talladega. It was the first top 5 and 10 in his career, his first top 10 for Richard Petty Motorsports, and his best career finish.\n\nOn November 10, 2016, Scott announced his retirement from NASCAR competition following the remainder of the 2016 season. Scott finished 15th in his last NASCAR race at Homestead.\n\n#### Return to Xfinity Series\n\nOn July 3, 2017, Scott announced that he would come out of retirement to drive the No. 3 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing at Iowa and Kentucky in July and September respectively. In his first race of 2017 at Iowa, Scott finished a strong 3rd place.\n\n",
"#### Camping World Truck Series\n\nWhile splitting time between [USAR](/wiki/CARS_X-1R_Pro_Cup_Series \"CARS X-1R Pro Cup Series\") and Late Models, Scott's father, JB, announced he had purchased the [NASCAR](/wiki/NASCAR \"NASCAR\") [Camping World Truck Series](/wiki/Camping_World_Truck_Series \"Camping World Truck Series\") team [Xpress Motorsports](/wiki/Xpress_Motorsports \"Xpress Motorsports\"). Scott then made his NASCAR debut at the [Smith's Las Vegas 350](/wiki/Smith%27s_350 \"Smith's 350\") and in 2008 moved to the Trucks full\\-time to run for and eventually finish second for the Rookie of the Year. [Albertsons](/wiki/Albertsons_%28SuperValu%29 \"Albertsons (SuperValu)\") became the team's new sponsor and after a change to [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") they end the year strong with five top\\-tens in the last seven races, including a second\\-place finish at the season\\-ending Ford 200\\. He went on to finish out his Truck resume with a win in the 2009 [AAA Insurance 200](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\") at [Dover International Speedway](/wiki/Dover_International_Speedway \"Dover International Speedway\"), twenty top\\-tens, nine top\\-fives, and several runner up finishes. On November 9, 2012, Scott added his second win in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series at Phoenix International Raceway in the Lucas Oil 150 and delivered [Kyle Busch Motorsports](/wiki/Kyle_Busch_Motorsports \"Kyle Busch Motorsports\") their second win of the season.\n\n",
"#### Xfinity Series\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2010 Nationwide car for [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\")](/wiki/File:11BrianScott2010Bucyrus200RoadAmerica.jpg \"11BrianScott2010Bucyrus200RoadAmerica.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2011 Nationwide car for [Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/Joe_Gibbs_Racing \"Joe Gibbs Racing\")](/wiki/File:Nationwide_11_Brian_Scott_2011_Road_America_Bucyrus_200.jpg \"Nationwide 11 Brian Scott 2011 Road America Bucyrus 200.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Scott's 2012 Nationwide car for Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/File:11_Brian_Scott_2012_Road_America_Sargento_200.jpg \"11 Brian Scott 2012 Road America Sargento 200.jpg\")\n[thumb\\|right\\|Scott's 2014 Nationwide car for [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\")](/wiki/File:2_Brian_Scott_NASCAR_Nationwide_2014_Gardner_Denver_200_at_Road_America.jpg \"2 Brian Scott NASCAR Nationwide 2014 Gardner Denver 200 at Road America.jpg\")\nHis Nationwide Series debut came in 2009 with seven starts in the series driving No. 10 and No. 11 for [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\"). Scott's first full season in the Nationwide Series was completed in 2010 with one Top 5 and five Top 10 finishes en route to finishing the season as the runner\\-up for Raybestos Rookie of the Year honors. Scott ran the first 28 races in the Braun Racing No. 11 but was released from the ride when Steve Turner bought the team. Scott finished the season in the RAB Racing No. 09\\. \n\nScott joined Joe Gibbs Racing in 2011 driving No. 11\\. His 2011 Nationwide Series campaign earned him two top\\-five finishes, seven top\\-10 finishes and one pole under the Joe Gibbs Racing banner. He also scored the Featherlite Most Improved driver of the year award. Scott finished eighth in the Nationwide Series point standings in 2011\\.\n\nScott and crew chief Kevin Kidd returned to the No. 11 team in 2012, gaining a sponsorship from [Dollar General](/wiki/Dollar_General \"Dollar General\"). In addition, Scott signed to drive the No. 18 in the Camping World Truck Series for Kyle Busch Motorsports in a few races. Scott would have a best finish of 3rd at Dover in the Nationwide Series, and returned to Victory Lane in the Truck Series at Phoenix. However, Scott would later be released from JGR in favor of championship runner\\-up [Elliott Sadler](/wiki/Elliott_Sadler \"Elliott Sadler\"). Scott later took over Sadler's previous No. 2 ride at [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\").\n\nScott earned his career best finish of 2nd at [Indianapolis Motor Speedway](/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway \"Indianapolis Motor Speedway\") in 2013 after getting by Kyle Busch on a late race restart. Busch passed him only two laps later and Scott had to settle for second. At [Richmond International Raceway](/wiki/Richmond_International_Raceway \"Richmond International Raceway\") that September Scott started on the pole and led 239 of 250 laps before being passed by [Brad Keselowski](/wiki/Brad_Keselowski \"Brad Keselowski\") and finishing second. Scott had a remarkable 2014 season, earning 23 top ten finishes and finished 4th in the championship standings.\n\n",
"#### Sprint Cup Series\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Scott's 2016 Cup car for [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\")](/wiki/File:Brian_Scott_44_Richard_Petty_Motorsports_Ford.jpg \"Brian Scott 44 Richard Petty Motorsports Ford.jpg\")\nIn August 2013, it was announced that Scott would make his debut in the [Sprint Cup Series](/wiki/Sprint_Cup_Series \"Sprint Cup Series\"), driving the No. 33 for RCR in the [Bank of America 500](/wiki/2013_Bank_of_America_500 \"2013 Bank of America 500\") at [Charlotte Motor Speedway](/wiki/Charlotte_Motor_Speedway \"Charlotte Motor Speedway\"). Scott started the race in 19th, and finished 27th, four laps down. Scott returned to the No. 33 for the [2014 Daytona 500](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\"). At Daytona, Scott led some laps and was collected in the big one late in the race. At Fontana a few weeks later, he tangled with [Aric Almirola](/wiki/Aric_Almirola \"Aric Almirola\") when Almirola lifted the throttle, causing Scott to run into the back of Almirola and wrecking both cars.\n\nAt Talladega, Scott won his first career Sprint Cup pole for the [2014 Aaron's 499](/wiki/2014_Aaron%27s_499 \"2014 Aaron's 499\") in the 33\\. In round \\#2, Scott had driven his fastest lap and for a total of 5 rounds, nobody was able to break the track record. In the race, Scott ran in the top 15 the entire race but was collected in \"[The Big One](/wiki/The_Big_One_%28NASCAR%29 \"The Big One (NASCAR)\")\" that struck with 45 laps to go.\n\nIt was announced that Scott would drive the No. 29 for RCR in the [2015 Daytona 500](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\"), however just before the entry list was released, RCR cancelled plans to field the car for him. Instead, he was hired to drive the No. 62 Chevrolet of [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") with RCR support, though Shore Lodge still sponsored the effort. Scott failed to qualify for the Daytona 500\\. Scott then successfully qualified RCR's No. 33 entry the next week at Atlanta. However, after [Michael Annett](/wiki/Michael_Annett \"Michael Annett\") failed to qualify, Scott gave up his ride to allow the Sprint Cup regular to earn driver points. After that, Scott finished 13th at Las Vegas, then his best finish in the series.\n\nOn December 9, 2015, [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") announced that Scott would take over [Sam Hornish Jr.](/wiki/Sam_Hornish_Jr. \"Sam Hornish Jr.\")'s No. 9 ride for the 2016 season. The car was later renumbered to No. 44\\.\n\nScott started the 2016 season crashing on the last lap in his [Can\\-Am Duel](/wiki/Can-Am_Duel \"Can-Am Duel\") qualifying race. Then at Auto Club Speedway, Scott scored a career\\-best 12th\\-place finish. After a dismal 2016 with no top 10s going into October, he finished second on the bumper of [Joey Logano](/wiki/Joey_Logano \"Joey Logano\")'s car at Talladega. It was the first top 5 and 10 in his career, his first top 10 for Richard Petty Motorsports, and his best career finish.\n\nOn November 10, 2016, Scott announced his retirement from NASCAR competition following the remainder of the 2016 season. Scott finished 15th in his last NASCAR race at Homestead.\n\n",
"#### Return to Xfinity Series\n\nOn July 3, 2017, Scott announced that he would come out of retirement to drive the No. 3 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing at Iowa and Kentucky in July and September respectively. In his first race of 2017 at Iowa, Scott finished a strong 3rd place.\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|Scott and his stepdaughter Brielle in 2014](/wiki/File:Brian_Scott_2014_Gardner_Denver_200_at_Road_America.jpg \"Brian Scott 2014 Gardner Denver 200 at Road America.jpg\")\nScott's father Joe \"J.B.\" Scott is the owner of the Shore Lodge and Whitetail Club resorts in [McCall, Idaho](/wiki/McCall%2C_Idaho \"McCall, Idaho\"). Scott is also the great\\-grandson of [Joe Albertson](/wiki/Joe_Albertson \"Joe Albertson\") and [Kathryn Albertson](/wiki/Kathryn_Albertson \"Kathryn Albertson\"), the founders of the [Albertsons](/wiki/Albertsons \"Albertsons\") enterprise. The companies have sponsored Scott for much of his career.\n\nScott married Whitney Kay in the offseason of 2014–2015 at Shore Lodge. She has a daughter, Brielle, from a previous relationship (with former racing driver [Sean Caisse](/wiki/Sean_Caisse \"Sean Caisse\")). The two of them have a son together.\n\n",
"Motorsports career results\n--------------------------\n\n### NASCAR\n\n([key](/wiki/Template:NASCAR_driver_results_legend \"NASCAR driver results legend\")) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. \\* – Most laps led.)\n\n#### Sprint Cup Series\n\n| [NASCAR Sprint Cup Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 33 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_Daytona_500 \"2013 Daytona 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2013_Subway_Fresh_Fit_500 \"2013 Subway Fresh Fit 500\") | [LVS](/wiki/2013_Kobalt_Tools_400 \"2013 Kobalt Tools 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2013_Food_City_500 \"2013 Food City 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2013_Auto_Club_400 \"2013 Auto Club 400\") | [MAR](/wiki/2013_STP_Gas_Booster_500 \"2013 STP Gas Booster 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2013_NRA_500 \"2013 NRA 500\") | [KAN](/wiki/2013_STP_400 \"2013 STP 400\") | [RCH](/wiki/2013_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2013 Toyota Owners 400\") | [TAL](/wiki/2013_Aaron%27s_499 \"2013 Aaron's 499\") | [DAR](/wiki/2013_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2013 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [CLT](/wiki/2013_Coca-Cola_600 \"2013 Coca-Cola 600\") | [DOV](/wiki/2013_FedEx_400 \"2013 FedEx 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2013_Party_in_the_Poconos_400 \"2013 Party in the Poconos 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/2013_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2013 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2013_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2013 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [KEN](/wiki/2013_Quaker_State_400 \"2013 Quaker State 400\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_Coke_Zero_400 \"2013 Coke Zero 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2013_Camping_World_RV_Sales_301 \"2013 Camping World RV Sales 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2013_Brickyard_400 \"2013 Brickyard 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2013_Gobowling.com_400 \"2013 Gobowling.com 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2013_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2013 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2013_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2013 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2013_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2013 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [ATL](/wiki/2013_AdvoCare_500_%28Atlanta%29 \"2013 AdvoCare 500 (Atlanta)\") | [RCH](/wiki/2013_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2013 Federated Auto Parts 400\") | [CHI](/wiki/2013_GEICO_400 \"2013 GEICO 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2013_Sylvania_300 \"2013 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2013_AAA_400 \"2013 AAA 400\") | [KAN](/wiki/2013_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2013 Hollywood Casino 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2013_Bank_of_America_500 \"2013 Bank of America 500\")27 | [TAL](/wiki/2013_Camping_World_RV_Sales_500 \"2013 Camping World RV Sales 500\") | [MAR](/wiki/2013_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2013 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2013_AAA_Texas_500 \"2013 AAA Texas 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2013_AdvoCare_500_%28Phoenix%29 \"2013 AdvoCare 500 (Phoenix)\") | [HOM](/wiki/2013_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2013 Ford EcoBoost 400\") | 66th | 01 | |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\")25 | [PHO](/wiki/2014_The_Profit_on_CNBC_500 \"2014 The Profit on CNBC 500\")32 | [LVS](/wiki/2014_Kobalt_400 \"2014 Kobalt 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2014_Food_City_500 \"2014 Food City 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2014_Auto_Club_400 \"2014 Auto Club 400\")35 | [MAR](/wiki/2014_STP_500 \"2014 STP 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2014_Duck_Commander_500 \"2014 Duck Commander 500\") | [DAR](/wiki/2014_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2014 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2014_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2014 Toyota Owners 400\") | **[TAL](/wiki/2014_Aaron%27s_499 \"2014 Aaron's 499\")**42 | [KAN](/wiki/2014_5-hour_Energy_400 \"2014 5-hour Energy 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2014_Coca-Cola_600 \"2014 Coca-Cola 600\")32 | [DOV](/wiki/2014_FedEx_400 \"2014 FedEx 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2014_Pocono_400 \"2014 Pocono 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/2014_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2014 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2014_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2014 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [KEN](/wiki/2014_Quaker_State_400 \"2014 Quaker State 400\") | [DAY](/wiki/2014_Coke_Zero_400 \"2014 Coke Zero 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2014_Camping_World_RV_Sales_301 \"2014 Camping World RV Sales 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2014_Brickyard_400 \"2014 Brickyard 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2014_Gobowling.com_400 \"2014 Gobowling.com 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2014_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2014 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2014_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2014 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2014_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2014 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [ATL](/wiki/2014_Oral-B_USA_500 \"2014 Oral-B USA 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2014_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2014 Federated Auto Parts 400\") | [CHI](/wiki/2014_MyAFibStory.com_400 \"2014 MyAFibStory.com 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2014_Sylvania_300 \"2014 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2014_AAA_400 \"2014 AAA 400\") | [KAN](/wiki/2014_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2014 Hollywood Casino 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2014_Bank_of_America_500 \"2014 Bank of America 500\") | [TAL](/wiki/2014_GEICO_500 \"2014 GEICO 500\") | [MAR](/wiki/2014_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2014 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2014_AAA_Texas_500 \"2014 AAA Texas 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2014_Quicken_Loans_Race_for_Heroes_500 \"2014 Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500\") | [HOM](/wiki/2014_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2014 Ford EcoBoost 400\")28 | 62nd | 0 | |\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") | 62 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\")DNQ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 53rd | 01 | |\n| [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 33 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | | [ATL](/wiki/2015_Folds_of_Honor_QuikTrip_500 \"2015 Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500\")QL | [LVS](/wiki/2015_Kobalt_400 \"2015 Kobalt 400\")13 | [PHO](/wiki/2015_CampingWorld.com_500 \"2015 CampingWorld.com 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2015_Auto_Club_400 \"2015 Auto Club 400\")27 | [MAR](/wiki/2015_STP_500 \"2015 STP 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2015_Duck_Commander_500 \"2015 Duck Commander 500\") | [BRI](/wiki/2015_Food_City_500 \"2015 Food City 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2015_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2015 Toyota Owners 400\") | [TAL](/wiki/2015_GEICO_500 \"2015 GEICO 500\")43 | [KAN](/wiki/2015_SpongeBob_SquarePants_400 \"2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2015_Coca-Cola_600 \"2015 Coca-Cola 600\") | [DOV](/wiki/2015_FedEx_400 \"2015 FedEx 400\")38 | [POC](/wiki/2015_Axalta_%22We_Paint_Winners%22_400 \"2015 Axalta \") | [MCH](/wiki/2015_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2015 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2015_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2015 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [DAY](/wiki/2015_Coke_Zero_400 \"2015 Coke Zero 400\")42 | [KEN](/wiki/2015_Quaker_State_400 \"2015 Quaker State 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2015_5-hour_Energy_301 \"2015 5-hour Energy 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2015_Brickyard_400 \"2015 Brickyard 400\")36 | [POC](/wiki/2015_Windows_10_400 \"2015 Windows 10 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2015_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2015 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2015_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2015 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2015_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2015 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [DAR](/wiki/2015_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2015 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2015_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2015 Federated Auto Parts 400\")22 | [CHI](/wiki/2015_myAFibRisk.com_400 \"2015 myAFibRisk.com 400\")22 | [NHA](/wiki/2015_Sylvania_300 \"2015 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2015_AAA_400 \"2015 AAA 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2015_Bank_of_America_500 \"2015 Bank of America 500\") | [KAN](/wiki/2015_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2015 Hollywood Casino 400\")12 | [TAL](/wiki/2015_CampingWorld.com_500_at_Talladega \"2015 CampingWorld.com 500 at Talladega\") | [MAR](/wiki/2015_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2015_AAA_Texas_500 \"2015 AAA Texas 500\")14 | [PHO](/wiki/2015_Quicken_Loans_Race_for_Heroes_500 \"2015 Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500\") | [HOM](/wiki/2015_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2015 Ford EcoBoost 400\") |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") | 44 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | [DAY](/wiki/2016_Daytona_500 \"2016 Daytona 500\")24 | [ATL](/wiki/2016_Folds_of_Honor_QuikTrip_500 \"2016 Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500\")31 | [LVS](/wiki/2016_Kobalt_400 \"2016 Kobalt 400\")27 | [PHO](/wiki/2016_Good_Sam_500 \"2016 Good Sam 500\")27 | [CAL](/wiki/2016_Auto_Club_400 \"2016 Auto Club 400\")12 | [MAR](/wiki/2016_STP_500 \"2016 STP 500\")26 | [TEX](/wiki/2016_Duck_Commander_500 \"2016 Duck Commander 500\")27 | [BRI](/wiki/2016_Food_City_500 \"2016 Food City 500\")30 | [RCH](/wiki/2016_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2016 Toyota Owners 400\")35 | [TAL](/wiki/2016_GEICO_500 \"2016 GEICO 500\")30 | [KAN](/wiki/2016_Go_Bowling_400 \"2016 Go Bowling 400\")22 | [DOV](/wiki/2016_AAA_400_Drive_for_Autism \"2016 AAA 400 Drive for Autism\")24 | [CLT](/wiki/2016_Coca-Cola_600 \"2016 Coca-Cola 600\")29 | [POC](/wiki/2016_Axalta_%22We_Paint_Winners%22_400 \"2016 Axalta \")39 | [MCH](/wiki/2016_FireKeepers_Casino_400 \"2016 FireKeepers Casino 400\")36 | [SON](/wiki/2016_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2016 Toyota/Save Mart 350\")33 | [DAY](/wiki/2016_Coke_Zero_400 \"2016 Coke Zero 400\")37 | [KEN](/wiki/2016_Quaker_State_400 \"2016 Quaker State 400\")33 | [NHA](/wiki/2016_New_Hampshire_301 \"2016 New Hampshire 301\")38 | [IND](/wiki/2016_Brickyard_400 \"2016 Brickyard 400\")27 | [POC](/wiki/2016_Pennsylvania_400 \"2016 Pennsylvania 400\")24 | [GLN](/wiki/2016_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\")25 | [BRI](/wiki/2016_Bass_Pro_Shops_NRA_Night_Race \"2016 Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race\")18 | [MCH](/wiki/2016_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2016 Pure Michigan 400\")28 | [DAR](/wiki/2016_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2016 Bojangles' Southern 500\")39 | [RCH](/wiki/2016_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2016 Federated Auto Parts 400\")35 | [CHI](/wiki/2016_Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_400 \"2016 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 400\")31 | [NHA](/wiki/2016_Bad_Boy_Off_Road_300 \"2016 Bad Boy Off Road 300\")31 | [DOV](/wiki/2016_Citizen_Soldier_400 \"2016 Citizen Soldier 400\")21 | [CLT](/wiki/2016_Bank_of_America_500 \"2016 Bank of America 500\")22 | [KAN](/wiki/2016_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2016 Hollywood Casino 400\")28 | [TAL](/wiki/2016_Hellmann%27s_500 \"2016 Hellmann's 500\")2 | [MAR](/wiki/2016_Goody%27s_Fast_Relief_500 \"2016 Goody's Fast Relief 500\")34 | [TEX](/wiki/2016_AAA_Texas_500 \"2016 AAA Texas 500\")27 | [PHO](/wiki/2016_Can-Am_500 \"2016 Can-Am 500\")30 | [HOM](/wiki/2016_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2016 Ford EcoBoost 400\")15 | 31st | 481 | |\n| † \\- Qualified but replaced by [Michael Annett](/wiki/Michael_Annett \"Michael Annett\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n\n##### Daytona 500\n\n| Year | Team | Manufacturer | Start | Finish |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | 12\n\n 25\n\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\") | [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | DNQ\n\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_Daytona_500 \"2016 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | 35\n\n 24\n\n#### Xfinity Series\n\n| [NASCAR Xfinity Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"NASCAR Xfinity Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | | Pts |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\") | 10 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/Camping_World_300_%28Daytona%29 \"Camping World 300 (Daytona)\") | [CAL](/wiki/Stater_Brothers_300 \"Stater Brothers 300\") | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\") | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_Turf_Builder_300 \"Scotts Turf Builder 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_300 \"O'Reilly 300\") | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")25 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")15 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\") | [RCH](/wiki/Lipton_Tea_250 \"Lipton Tea 250\")32 | [DAR](/wiki/Diamond_Hill_Plywood_200 \"Diamond Hill Plywood 200\")20 | [CLT](/wiki/Carquest_Auto_Parts_300 \"Carquest Auto Parts 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Dover%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Dover)\") | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\") | [KEN](/wiki/Meijer_300 \"Meijer 300\") | [MLW](/wiki/NorthernTool.com_250 \"NorthernTool.com 250\") | [NHA](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Sales_200_%28Loudon%29 \"Camping World RV Sales 200 (Loudon)\") | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\") | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\") | [GTY](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_250 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers 250\") | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\") | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\") | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/Carfax_250 \"Carfax 250\") | | | | | | | [CAL](/wiki/Copart_300 \"Copart 300\")23 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\") | [MEM](/wiki/Kroger_On_Track_for_the_Cure_250 \"Kroger On Track for the Cure 250\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Challenge \"O'Reilly Challenge\") | [PHO](/wiki/Able_Body_Labor_200 \"Able Body Labor 200\") | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\") | 64th | 664 | |\n| [CJM Racing](/wiki/CJM_Racing \"CJM Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")30 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\") | [ATL](/wiki/Degree_V12_300 \"Degree V12 300\") | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\") | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")14 | | | | | | |\n| [2010](/wiki/2010_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")19 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")10 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")31 | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_Turf_Builder_300 \"Scotts Turf Builder 300\")29 | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")15 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")16 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")15 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")10 | [RCH](/wiki/Bubba_Burger_250 \"Bubba Burger 250\")28 | [DAR](/wiki/Royal_Purple_200 \"Royal Purple 200\")25 | [DOV](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Dover%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Dover)\")9 | [CLT](/wiki/TECH-NET_Auto_Service_300_powered_by_Carquest \"TECH-NET Auto Service 300 powered by Carquest\")33 | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\")28 | [KEN](/wiki/Meijer_300 \"Meijer 300\")31 | [ROA](/wiki/Bucyrus_200 \"Bucyrus 200\")13 | [NHA](/wiki/New_England_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"New England 200 (Nationwide)\")26 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")30 | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")3 | [GTY](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_250 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers 250\")6 | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\")17 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")30 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")13 | [MCH](/wiki/Carfax_250 \"Carfax 250\")15 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")25 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\")40 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_300 \"Great Clips 300\")28 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")38 | | | | | | | | | 14th | 3525 | |\n| [Turner Motorsports](/wiki/Turner_Scott_Motorsports \"Turner Scott Motorsports\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\")13 | | | | | | | |\n| [RAB Racing](/wiki/RAB_Racing \"RAB Racing\") | 09 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")21 | [CAL](/wiki/CampingWorld.com_300 \"CampingWorld.com 300\")15 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")28 | [GTY](/wiki/5-Hour_Energy_250 \"5-Hour Energy 250\")14 | | | |\n| [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")32 | [PHO](/wiki/WYPALL_200 \"WYPALL 200\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\")18 |\n| [2011](/wiki/2011_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/Joe_Gibbs_Racing \"Joe Gibbs Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")34 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")9 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")14 | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_EZ_Seed_300 \"Scotts EZ Seed 300\")12 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")13 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")10 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")11 | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")22 | [RCH](/wiki/Bubba_Burger_250 \"Bubba Burger 250\")15 | [DAR](/wiki/Royal_Purple_200 \"Royal Purple 200\")29 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")30 | [IOW](/wiki/Iowa_John_Deere_Dealers_250 \"Iowa John Deere Dealers 250\")27 | [CLT](/wiki/Top_Gear_300 \"Top Gear 300\")8 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")17 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")17 | [ROA](/wiki/Bucyrus_200 \"Bucyrus 200\")16 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")12 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")15 | [NHA](/wiki/New_England_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"New England 200 (Nationwide)\")17 | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\")17 | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\")15 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")14 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")14 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\")12 | [BRI](/wiki/2011_Food_City_250 \"2011 Food City 250\")10 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_300 \"Great Clips 300\")12 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")32 | **[CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")**3 | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200 \"OneMain Financial 200\")11 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")17 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")5 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")12 | [PHO](/wiki/WYPALL_200 \"WYPALL 200\")41 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\")9 | | 8th | 947 | |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")37 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")14 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")34 | [BRI](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300_%28Bristol%29 \"Ford EcoBoost 300 (Bristol)\")35 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")4 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")37 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250_%28Spring_Race%29 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250 (Spring Race)\")14 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")36 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")7 | [IOW](/wiki/Pioneer_Hi-Bred_250 \"Pioneer Hi-Bred 250\")11 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")31 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")3 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")9 | [ROA](/wiki/Sargento_200 \"Sargento 200\")7 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")30 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")32 | [NHA](/wiki/F.W._Webb_200 \"F.W. Webb 200\")12 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")11 | [IND](/wiki/Indiana_250 \"Indiana 250\")14 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")18 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")10 | [CGV](/wiki/2012_NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"2012 NAPA Auto Parts 200\")24 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")34 | [ATL](/wiki/NRA_American_Warrior_300 \"NRA American Warrior 300\")11 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")28 | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")10 | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")11 | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200 \"OneMain Financial 200\")7 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")8 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")26 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")22 | [PHO](/wiki/Great_Clips_200 \"Great Clips 200\")8 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")7 | | | 9th | 853 | |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 2 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_DRIVE4COPD_300 \"2013 DRIVE4COPD 300\")6 | [PHO](/wiki/Dollar_General_200 \"Dollar General 200\")10 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")9 | [BRI](/wiki/Jeff_Foxworthy%27s_Grit_Chips_300 \"Jeff Foxworthy's Grit Chips 300\")10 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")8 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")11 | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")20 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")27 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")14 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")15 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")14 | [IOW](/wiki/DuPont_Pioneer_250 \"DuPont Pioneer 250\")6 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")10 | [ROA](/wiki/Johnsonville_Sausage_200 \"Johnsonville Sausage 200\")20 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")17 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")17 | [NHA](/wiki/CNBC_Prime%27s_%22The_Profit%22_200 \"CNBC Prime's \")4 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")11 | [IND](/wiki/Indiana_250 \"Indiana 250\")2 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")13 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")11 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")12 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")9 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_/_Grit_Chips_300 \"Great Clips / Grit Chips 300\")10 | **[RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")**2\\* | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")14 | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")11 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28fall_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (fall race)\")11 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")18 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")12 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")8 | [PHO](/wiki/ServiceMaster_200 \"ServiceMaster 200\")13 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")32 | | | 7th | 1053 | |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2014 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")17 | [PHO](/wiki/Blue_Jeans_Go_Green_200 \"Blue Jeans Go Green 200\")12 | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\")7 | [BRI](/wiki/Drive_to_Stop_Diabetes_300 \"Drive to Stop Diabetes 300\")14 | [CAL](/wiki/Treatmyclot.com_300 \"Treatmyclot.com 300\")12 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")12 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")11 | **[RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")**5 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")33 | [IOW](/wiki/Get_To_Know_Newton_250 \"Get To Know Newton 250\")6 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")5 | [DOV](/wiki/Buckle_Up_200 \"Buckle Up 200\")7 | [MCH](/wiki/Ollie%27s_Bargain_Outlet_250 \"Ollie's Bargain Outlet 250\")5 | [ROA](/wiki/Gardner_Denver_200 \"Gardner Denver 200\")16 | [KEN](/wiki/John_R._Elliott_HERO_Campaign_300 \"John R. Elliott HERO Campaign 300\")8 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")16 | [NHA](/wiki/Sta-Green_200 \"Sta-Green 200\")7 | **[CHI](/wiki/EnjoyIllinois.com_300 \"EnjoyIllinois.com 300\")**6 | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\")7 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")7 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")10 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")3\\* | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\")11 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_/_Grit_Chips_300 \"Great Clips / Grit Chips 300\")7 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")5 | **[CHI](/wiki/Jimmy_John%27s_Freaky_Fast_300 \"Jimmy John's Freaky Fast 300\")**9 | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")2 | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\")7 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")9 | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")6 | [PHO](/wiki/DAV_200 \"DAV 200\")7 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")10 | | | 4th | 1154 | |\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"2015 NASCAR Xfinity Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/Alert_Today_Florida_300 \"Alert Today Florida 300\")25 | [ATL](/wiki/Hisense_250 \"Hisense 250\")7 | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\")38 | [PHO](/wiki/Axalta_Faster._Tougher._Brighter._200 \"Axalta Faster. Tougher. Brighter. 200\")10 | [CAL](/wiki/Drive4Clots.com_300 \"Drive4Clots.com 300\")6 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")10 | [BRI](/wiki/Drive_to_Stop_Diabetes_300 \"Drive to Stop Diabetes 300\")8 | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")7 | [TAL](/wiki/Winn-Dixie_300 \"Winn-Dixie 300\")2 | [IOW](/wiki/3M_250 \"3M 250\")4 | [CLT](/wiki/Hisense_300 \"Hisense 300\")20 | [DOV](/wiki/Buckle_Up_200 \"Buckle Up 200\")36 | [MCH](/wiki/Great_Clips_250 \"Great Clips 250\")9 | [CHI](/wiki/Owens_Corning_AttiCat_300 \"Owens Corning AttiCat 300\")8 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")23\\* | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")19 | [NHA](/wiki/Lakes_Region_200 \"Lakes Region 200\")29 | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\")11 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")3 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")6 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")7 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\")6 | [ROA](/wiki/Road_America_180 \"Road America 180\")3 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")12 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")3 | [CHI](/wiki/Furious_7_300 \"Furious 7 300\")17 | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")13 | [DOV](/wiki/Hisense_200 \"Hisense 200\")31 | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\")13 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")23 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")7 | [PHO](/wiki/DAV_200 \"DAV 200\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")4 | | | 8th | 1032 | |\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 3 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/PowerShares_QQQ_300 \"PowerShares QQQ 300\") | [ATL](/wiki/Rinnai_250 \"Rinnai 250\") | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\") | [PHO](/wiki/DC_Solar_200 \"DC Solar 200\") | [CAL](/wiki/Service_King_300 \"Service King 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/My_Bariatric_Solutions_300 \"My Bariatric Solutions 300\") | [BRI](/wiki/Fitzgerald_Glider_Kits_300 \"Fitzgerald Glider Kits 300\") | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\") | [TAL](/wiki/Sparks_Energy_300 \"Sparks Energy 300\") | [CLT](/wiki/Hisense_4K_TV_300 \"Hisense 4K TV 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200_%28spring%29 \"OneMain Financial 200 (spring)\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_Green_250 \"Pocono Green 250\") | [MCH](/wiki/Irish_Hills_250 \"Irish Hills 250\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_E15_250 \"American Ethanol E15 250\") | [DAY](/wiki/Coca-Cola_Firecracker_250 \"Coca-Cola Firecracker 250\") | [KEN](/wiki/Alsco_300 \"Alsco 300\") | [NHA](/wiki/Overton%27s_200 \"Overton's 200\") | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\") | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")3 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\") | [MOH](/wiki/Mid-Ohio_Challenge \"Mid-Ohio Challenge\") | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\") | [ROA](/wiki/Johnsonville_180 \"Johnsonville 180\") | [DAR](/wiki/Sport_Clips_Haircuts_VFW_200 \"Sport Clips Haircuts VFW 200\") | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\") | [CHI](/wiki/TheHouse.com_300 \"TheHouse.com 300\") | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")8 | [DOV](/wiki/Drive_Sober_200 \"Drive Sober 200\") | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300_%28fall_race%29 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race)\") | [PHO](/wiki/Ticket_Galaxy_200 \"Ticket Galaxy 200\") | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\") | | | 43rd | 70 | |\n\n#### Camping World Truck Series\n\n| [NASCAR Camping World Truck Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2007](/wiki/2007_NASCAR_Craftsman_Truck_Series \"2007 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series\") | [Xpress Motorsports](/wiki/Xpress_Motorsports \"Xpress Motorsports\") | 16 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | [DAY](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_HD_250 \"Chevy Silverado HD 250\") | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\") | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\") | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\") | [CLT](/wiki/Quaker_Steak_and_Lube_200 \"Quaker Steak and Lube 200\") | [MFD](/wiki/Ohio_250 \"Ohio 250\") | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\") | [TEX](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_400 \"Sam's Town 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_200 \"Michigan 200\") | [MLW](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_Milwaukee_200 \"Toyota Tundra Milwaukee 200\") | [MEM](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Memphis%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Memphis)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\") | [IRP](/wiki/Power_Stroke_Diesel_200 \"Power Stroke Diesel 200\") | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\") | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\") | [GTW](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_Ram_Tough_200 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers Ram Tough 200\") | [NHA](/wiki/New_Hampshire_200 \"New Hampshire 200\")21 | [LVS](/wiki/Smith%27s_Las_Vegas_350 \"Smith's Las Vegas 350\")29 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")15 | [ATL](/wiki/EasyCare_Vehicle_Service_Contracts_200_%28fall%29 \"EasyCare Vehicle Service Contracts 200 (fall)\")19 | [TEX](/wiki/Silverado_350K \"Silverado 350K\")21 | [PHO](/wiki/Casino_Arizona_150 \"Casino Arizona 150\")18 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")15 | 40th | 727 | |\n| [2008](/wiki/2008_NASCAR_Craftsman_Truck_Series \"2008 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series\") | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_250_%28Daytona%29 \"Chevy Silverado 250 (Daytona)\")9 | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\")23 | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\")17 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\")30 | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\")14 | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\")35 | [MFD](/wiki/Ohio_250 \"Ohio 250\")25 | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\")32 | [TEX](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_400 \"Sam's Town 400\")13 | [MCH](/wiki/Cool_City_Customs_200 \"Cool City Customs 200\")25 | [MLW](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Sales_200_%28Milwaukee%29 \"Camping World RV Sales 200 (Milwaukee)\")32 | [MEM](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Memphis%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Memphis)\")13 | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\")32 | [IRP](/wiki/Power_Stroke_Diesel_200 \"Power Stroke Diesel 200\")29 | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\")14 | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\")19 | [GTW](/wiki/Camping_World_200_%28Truck_Race%29 \"Camping World 200 (Truck Race)\")14 | [NHA](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Rental_200 \"Camping World RV Rental 200\")8 | | | | | | | | 16th | 2787 | |\n| [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [LVS](/wiki/Qwik_Liner_Las_Vegas_350 \"Qwik Liner Las Vegas 350\")14 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\")7 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")14 | [ATL](/wiki/E-Z-GO_200_%28fall%29 \"E-Z-GO 200 (fall)\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_350K \"Chevy Silverado 350K\")9 | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")4 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")2 |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"2009 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/NextEra_Energy_Resources_250 \"NextEra Energy Resources 250\")12 | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\")29 | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\")10 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\")8 | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\")3 | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\")21 | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\")1 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_400K \"WinStar World Casino 400K\")15 | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_200 \"Michigan 200\")34 | [MLW](/wiki/Copart_200 \"Copart 200\")3 | [MEM](/wiki/MemphisTravel.com_200 \"MemphisTravel.com 200\")2 | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\")6 | [IRP](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28LOR%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (LOR)\")12 | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\")2 | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\")5 | [CHI](/wiki/EnjoyIllinois.com_225 \"EnjoyIllinois.com 225\")28 | [IOW](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_200_%28Iowa%29 \"Lucas Oil 200 (Iowa)\")9 | [GTW](/wiki/Copart_200_%28Gateway%29 \"Copart 200 (Gateway)\")3 | [NHA](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Loudon%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Loudon)\")7 | [LVS](/wiki/Las_Vegas_350 \"Las Vegas 350\")19 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")24 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\")23 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_350K \"WinStar World Casino 350K\")7 | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")12 | 7th | 3307 | |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") | [Kyle Busch Motorsports](/wiki/Kyle_Busch_Motorsports \"Kyle Busch Motorsports\") | 18 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/NextEra_Energy_Resources_250 \"NextEra Energy Resources 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\") | [CAR](/wiki/Good_Sam_Roadside_Assistance_Carolina_200 \"Good Sam Roadside Assistance Carolina 200\") | [KAN](/wiki/SFP_250 \"SFP 250\") | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\") | [DOV](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_200_%28Dover%29 \"Lucas Oil 200 (Dover)\")13 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_400K \"WinStar World Casino 400K\") | [KEN](/wiki/UNOH_225 \"UNOH 225\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_200 \"American Ethanol 200\") | [CHI](/wiki/American_Ethanol_225 \"American Ethanol 225\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_Mountains_125 \"Pocono Mountains 125\") | [MCH](/wiki/VFW_200 \"VFW 200\") | [BRI](/wiki/UNOH_200 \"UNOH 200\")17 | [ATL](/wiki/Jeff_Foxworthy%27s_Grit_Chips_200 \"Jeff Foxworthy's Grit Chips 200\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_200_%28fall%29 \"American Ethanol 200 (fall)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_201 \"Kentucky 201\")5 | [LVS](/wiki/Smith%27s_350 \"Smith's 350\") | [TAL](/wiki/Fred%27s_250 \"Fred's 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_350K \"WinStar World Casino 350K\") | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")1\\* | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_200 \"Ford EcoBoost 200\") | | | | 78th | 0 | |\n\n Season still in progress \n\n Ineligible for series points\n\n### ARCA Re/Max Series\n\n([key](/wiki/Template:NASCAR_driver_results_legend \"NASCAR driver results legend\")) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. \\* – Most laps led.)\n\n| [ARCA Re/Max Series](/wiki/ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"ARCA Re/Max Series\") results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2007](/wiki/2007_ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"2007 ARCA Re/Max Series\") | [Country Joe Racing](/wiki/Country_Joe_Racing \"Country Joe Racing\") | 32 | [Dodge](/wiki/Dodge \"Dodge\") | [DAY](/wiki/ARCA_200_at_Daytona \"ARCA 200 at Daytona\") | [USA](/wiki/Construct_Corps-Palm_Beach_Grading_250 \"Construct Corps-Palm Beach Grading 250\") | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_ARCA_150 \"Nashville ARCA 150\") | [SLM](/wiki/Kentuckiana_Ford_Dealers_200 \"Kentuckiana Ford Dealers 200\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_150_Grand \"Kansas Lottery 150 Grand\") | [WIN](/wiki/Winchester_ARCA_200 \"Winchester ARCA 200\") | [KEN](/wiki/Buckle-Up_Kentucky_150 \"Buckle-Up Kentucky 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Toledo%29%23Spring \"Hantz Group 200 (Toledo)#Spring\") | [IOW](/wiki/Prairie_Meadows_250 \"Prairie Meadows 250\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_200 \"Pocono 200\") | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_ARCA_200 \"Michigan ARCA 200\") | [BLN](/wiki/Sara_Lee-GFS_200 \"Sara Lee-GFS 200\") | [KEN](/wiki/Channel_5_150 \"Channel 5 150\") | [POC](/wiki/Pennsylvania_200 \"Pennsylvania 200\") | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_ARCA_150 \"Toyota ARCA 150\") | [ISF](/wiki/Allen_Crowe_100 \"Allen Crowe 100\") | [MIL](/wiki/Governor%27s_Cup_200 \"Governor's Cup 200\") | [GTW](/wiki/Gateway_ARCA_150 \"Gateway ARCA 150\") | [DSF](/wiki/Southern_Illinois_100 \"Southern Illinois 100\") | [CHI](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Hantz Group 200 (Chicagoland)\") | [SLM](/wiki/Eddie_Gilstrap_Motors_ARCA_Fall_Classic \"Eddie Gilstrap Motors ARCA Fall Classic\") | [TAL](/wiki/ARCA_REMAX_250 \"ARCA REMAX 250\") | [TOL](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Toledo%29%23Fall \"Hantz Group 200 (Toledo)#Fall\") | 98th | 225 | |\n| [2008](/wiki/2008_ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"2008 ARCA Re/Max Series\") | [Bob Schacht](/wiki/Bob_Schacht \"Bob Schacht\") Motorsports | 75 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Slick_Mist_200 \"Lucas Oil Slick Mist 200\") | [SLM](/wiki/Kentuckiana_Ford_Dealers_200 \"Kentuckiana Ford Dealers 200\") | [IOW](/wiki/Prairie_Meadows_250 \"Prairie Meadows 250\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_%24150_Grand \"Kansas Lottery $150 Grand\") | [CAR](/wiki/Carolina_500_%28ARCA%29 \"Carolina 500 (ARCA)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Drive_Smart%21_150 \"Drive Smart! 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Toledo%29%23Spring \"Hantz Group 200 (Toledo)#Spring\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_200 \"Pocono 200\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25th | 1430 | |\n| [Venturini Motorsports](/wiki/Venturini_Motorsports \"Venturini Motorsports\") | 15 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | | | | | | | | | [MCH](/wiki/Racing_For_Wildlife_200 \"Racing For Wildlife 200\") | [CAY](/wiki/Cayuga_ARCA_RE/MAX_250 \"Cayuga ARCA RE/MAX 250\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| 25 | | | | | | | | | | | **[KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_150 \"Kentucky 150\")** | [BLN](/wiki/Berlin_ARCA_200 \"Berlin ARCA 200\") | [POC](/wiki/Pennsylvania_200 \"Pennsylvania 200\") | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_ARCA_150 \"Toyota ARCA 150\") | [ISF](/wiki/Allen_Crowe_100 \"Allen Crowe 100\") | [DSF](/wiki/Southern_Illinois_100 \"Southern Illinois 100\") | [CHI](/wiki/Chicagoland_ARCA_200 \"Chicagoland ARCA 200\") | [SLM](/wiki/Eddie_Gilstrap_Motors_200 \"Eddie Gilstrap Motors 200\") | [NJE](/wiki/Loud_Energy_Drink_150 \"Loud Energy Drink 150\") | [TAL](/wiki/Food_World_250 \"Food World 250\") | [TOL](/wiki/Toledo_ARCA_200%23Fall \"Toledo ARCA 200#Fall\") | | |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"2009 ARCA Re/Max Series\") | 8 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Slick_Mist_200 \"Lucas Oil Slick Mist 200\") | [SLM](/wiki/Kentuckiana_Ford_Dealers_200 \"Kentuckiana Ford Dealers 200\") | [CAR](/wiki/ARCA_RE/MAX_Carolina_200 \"ARCA RE/MAX Carolina 200\") | [TAL](/wiki/Talladega_ARCA_250 \"Talladega ARCA 250\") | [KEN](/wiki/Drive_Smart_Buckle-Up_150 \"Drive Smart Buckle-Up 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Toledo_ARCA_200%23Spring \"Toledo ARCA 200#Spring\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_ARCA_200 \"Pocono ARCA 200\") | [MCH](/wiki/Racing_For_Wildlife_200 \"Racing For Wildlife 200\") | [MFD](/wiki/Mansfield_ARCA_200 \"Mansfield ARCA 200\") | [IOW](/wiki/Prairie_Meadows_200 \"Prairie Meadows 200\") | [KEN](/wiki/Drive_Smart_Buckle-Up_150 \"Drive Smart Buckle-Up 150\") | [BLN](/wiki/Berlin_ARCA_200 \"Berlin ARCA 200\") | [POC](/wiki/Pennsylvania_200 \"Pennsylvania 200\") | [ISF](/wiki/Allen_Crowe_100 \"Allen Crowe 100\") | [CHI](/wiki/Chicagoland_ARCA_150 \"Chicagoland ARCA 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Toledo_ARCA_200%23Fall \"Toledo ARCA 200#Fall\") | [DSF](/wiki/Southern_Illinois_100 \"Southern Illinois 100\") | [NJE](/wiki/ARCA_150 \"ARCA 150\") | [SLM](/wiki/ARCA_Fall_Classic \"ARCA Fall Classic\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_150_Grand \"Kansas Lottery 150 Grand\") | [CAR](/wiki/Rockingham_ARCA_200 \"Rockingham ARCA 200\") | | | 149th | 80 | |\n\n",
"### NASCAR\n\n([key](/wiki/Template:NASCAR_driver_results_legend \"NASCAR driver results legend\")) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. \\* – Most laps led.)\n\n#### Sprint Cup Series\n\n| [NASCAR Sprint Cup Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 33 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_Daytona_500 \"2013 Daytona 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2013_Subway_Fresh_Fit_500 \"2013 Subway Fresh Fit 500\") | [LVS](/wiki/2013_Kobalt_Tools_400 \"2013 Kobalt Tools 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2013_Food_City_500 \"2013 Food City 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2013_Auto_Club_400 \"2013 Auto Club 400\") | [MAR](/wiki/2013_STP_Gas_Booster_500 \"2013 STP Gas Booster 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2013_NRA_500 \"2013 NRA 500\") | [KAN](/wiki/2013_STP_400 \"2013 STP 400\") | [RCH](/wiki/2013_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2013 Toyota Owners 400\") | [TAL](/wiki/2013_Aaron%27s_499 \"2013 Aaron's 499\") | [DAR](/wiki/2013_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2013 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [CLT](/wiki/2013_Coca-Cola_600 \"2013 Coca-Cola 600\") | [DOV](/wiki/2013_FedEx_400 \"2013 FedEx 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2013_Party_in_the_Poconos_400 \"2013 Party in the Poconos 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/2013_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2013 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2013_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2013 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [KEN](/wiki/2013_Quaker_State_400 \"2013 Quaker State 400\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_Coke_Zero_400 \"2013 Coke Zero 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2013_Camping_World_RV_Sales_301 \"2013 Camping World RV Sales 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2013_Brickyard_400 \"2013 Brickyard 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2013_Gobowling.com_400 \"2013 Gobowling.com 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2013_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2013 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2013_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2013 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2013_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2013 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [ATL](/wiki/2013_AdvoCare_500_%28Atlanta%29 \"2013 AdvoCare 500 (Atlanta)\") | [RCH](/wiki/2013_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2013 Federated Auto Parts 400\") | [CHI](/wiki/2013_GEICO_400 \"2013 GEICO 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2013_Sylvania_300 \"2013 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2013_AAA_400 \"2013 AAA 400\") | [KAN](/wiki/2013_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2013 Hollywood Casino 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2013_Bank_of_America_500 \"2013 Bank of America 500\")27 | [TAL](/wiki/2013_Camping_World_RV_Sales_500 \"2013 Camping World RV Sales 500\") | [MAR](/wiki/2013_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2013 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2013_AAA_Texas_500 \"2013 AAA Texas 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2013_AdvoCare_500_%28Phoenix%29 \"2013 AdvoCare 500 (Phoenix)\") | [HOM](/wiki/2013_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2013 Ford EcoBoost 400\") | 66th | 01 | |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\")25 | [PHO](/wiki/2014_The_Profit_on_CNBC_500 \"2014 The Profit on CNBC 500\")32 | [LVS](/wiki/2014_Kobalt_400 \"2014 Kobalt 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2014_Food_City_500 \"2014 Food City 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2014_Auto_Club_400 \"2014 Auto Club 400\")35 | [MAR](/wiki/2014_STP_500 \"2014 STP 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2014_Duck_Commander_500 \"2014 Duck Commander 500\") | [DAR](/wiki/2014_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2014 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2014_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2014 Toyota Owners 400\") | **[TAL](/wiki/2014_Aaron%27s_499 \"2014 Aaron's 499\")**42 | [KAN](/wiki/2014_5-hour_Energy_400 \"2014 5-hour Energy 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2014_Coca-Cola_600 \"2014 Coca-Cola 600\")32 | [DOV](/wiki/2014_FedEx_400 \"2014 FedEx 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2014_Pocono_400 \"2014 Pocono 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/2014_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2014 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2014_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2014 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [KEN](/wiki/2014_Quaker_State_400 \"2014 Quaker State 400\") | [DAY](/wiki/2014_Coke_Zero_400 \"2014 Coke Zero 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2014_Camping_World_RV_Sales_301 \"2014 Camping World RV Sales 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2014_Brickyard_400 \"2014 Brickyard 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2014_Gobowling.com_400 \"2014 Gobowling.com 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2014_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2014 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2014_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2014 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2014_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2014 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [ATL](/wiki/2014_Oral-B_USA_500 \"2014 Oral-B USA 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2014_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2014 Federated Auto Parts 400\") | [CHI](/wiki/2014_MyAFibStory.com_400 \"2014 MyAFibStory.com 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2014_Sylvania_300 \"2014 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2014_AAA_400 \"2014 AAA 400\") | [KAN](/wiki/2014_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2014 Hollywood Casino 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2014_Bank_of_America_500 \"2014 Bank of America 500\") | [TAL](/wiki/2014_GEICO_500 \"2014 GEICO 500\") | [MAR](/wiki/2014_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2014 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2014_AAA_Texas_500 \"2014 AAA Texas 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2014_Quicken_Loans_Race_for_Heroes_500 \"2014 Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500\") | [HOM](/wiki/2014_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2014 Ford EcoBoost 400\")28 | 62nd | 0 | |\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") | 62 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\")DNQ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 53rd | 01 | |\n| [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 33 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | | [ATL](/wiki/2015_Folds_of_Honor_QuikTrip_500 \"2015 Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500\")QL | [LVS](/wiki/2015_Kobalt_400 \"2015 Kobalt 400\")13 | [PHO](/wiki/2015_CampingWorld.com_500 \"2015 CampingWorld.com 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2015_Auto_Club_400 \"2015 Auto Club 400\")27 | [MAR](/wiki/2015_STP_500 \"2015 STP 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2015_Duck_Commander_500 \"2015 Duck Commander 500\") | [BRI](/wiki/2015_Food_City_500 \"2015 Food City 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2015_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2015 Toyota Owners 400\") | [TAL](/wiki/2015_GEICO_500 \"2015 GEICO 500\")43 | [KAN](/wiki/2015_SpongeBob_SquarePants_400 \"2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2015_Coca-Cola_600 \"2015 Coca-Cola 600\") | [DOV](/wiki/2015_FedEx_400 \"2015 FedEx 400\")38 | [POC](/wiki/2015_Axalta_%22We_Paint_Winners%22_400 \"2015 Axalta \") | [MCH](/wiki/2015_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2015 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2015_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2015 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [DAY](/wiki/2015_Coke_Zero_400 \"2015 Coke Zero 400\")42 | [KEN](/wiki/2015_Quaker_State_400 \"2015 Quaker State 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2015_5-hour_Energy_301 \"2015 5-hour Energy 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2015_Brickyard_400 \"2015 Brickyard 400\")36 | [POC](/wiki/2015_Windows_10_400 \"2015 Windows 10 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2015_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2015 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2015_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2015 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2015_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2015 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [DAR](/wiki/2015_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2015 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2015_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2015 Federated Auto Parts 400\")22 | [CHI](/wiki/2015_myAFibRisk.com_400 \"2015 myAFibRisk.com 400\")22 | [NHA](/wiki/2015_Sylvania_300 \"2015 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2015_AAA_400 \"2015 AAA 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2015_Bank_of_America_500 \"2015 Bank of America 500\") | [KAN](/wiki/2015_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2015 Hollywood Casino 400\")12 | [TAL](/wiki/2015_CampingWorld.com_500_at_Talladega \"2015 CampingWorld.com 500 at Talladega\") | [MAR](/wiki/2015_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2015_AAA_Texas_500 \"2015 AAA Texas 500\")14 | [PHO](/wiki/2015_Quicken_Loans_Race_for_Heroes_500 \"2015 Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500\") | [HOM](/wiki/2015_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2015 Ford EcoBoost 400\") |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") | 44 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | [DAY](/wiki/2016_Daytona_500 \"2016 Daytona 500\")24 | [ATL](/wiki/2016_Folds_of_Honor_QuikTrip_500 \"2016 Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500\")31 | [LVS](/wiki/2016_Kobalt_400 \"2016 Kobalt 400\")27 | [PHO](/wiki/2016_Good_Sam_500 \"2016 Good Sam 500\")27 | [CAL](/wiki/2016_Auto_Club_400 \"2016 Auto Club 400\")12 | [MAR](/wiki/2016_STP_500 \"2016 STP 500\")26 | [TEX](/wiki/2016_Duck_Commander_500 \"2016 Duck Commander 500\")27 | [BRI](/wiki/2016_Food_City_500 \"2016 Food City 500\")30 | [RCH](/wiki/2016_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2016 Toyota Owners 400\")35 | [TAL](/wiki/2016_GEICO_500 \"2016 GEICO 500\")30 | [KAN](/wiki/2016_Go_Bowling_400 \"2016 Go Bowling 400\")22 | [DOV](/wiki/2016_AAA_400_Drive_for_Autism \"2016 AAA 400 Drive for Autism\")24 | [CLT](/wiki/2016_Coca-Cola_600 \"2016 Coca-Cola 600\")29 | [POC](/wiki/2016_Axalta_%22We_Paint_Winners%22_400 \"2016 Axalta \")39 | [MCH](/wiki/2016_FireKeepers_Casino_400 \"2016 FireKeepers Casino 400\")36 | [SON](/wiki/2016_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2016 Toyota/Save Mart 350\")33 | [DAY](/wiki/2016_Coke_Zero_400 \"2016 Coke Zero 400\")37 | [KEN](/wiki/2016_Quaker_State_400 \"2016 Quaker State 400\")33 | [NHA](/wiki/2016_New_Hampshire_301 \"2016 New Hampshire 301\")38 | [IND](/wiki/2016_Brickyard_400 \"2016 Brickyard 400\")27 | [POC](/wiki/2016_Pennsylvania_400 \"2016 Pennsylvania 400\")24 | [GLN](/wiki/2016_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\")25 | [BRI](/wiki/2016_Bass_Pro_Shops_NRA_Night_Race \"2016 Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race\")18 | [MCH](/wiki/2016_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2016 Pure Michigan 400\")28 | [DAR](/wiki/2016_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2016 Bojangles' Southern 500\")39 | [RCH](/wiki/2016_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2016 Federated Auto Parts 400\")35 | [CHI](/wiki/2016_Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_400 \"2016 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 400\")31 | [NHA](/wiki/2016_Bad_Boy_Off_Road_300 \"2016 Bad Boy Off Road 300\")31 | [DOV](/wiki/2016_Citizen_Soldier_400 \"2016 Citizen Soldier 400\")21 | [CLT](/wiki/2016_Bank_of_America_500 \"2016 Bank of America 500\")22 | [KAN](/wiki/2016_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2016 Hollywood Casino 400\")28 | [TAL](/wiki/2016_Hellmann%27s_500 \"2016 Hellmann's 500\")2 | [MAR](/wiki/2016_Goody%27s_Fast_Relief_500 \"2016 Goody's Fast Relief 500\")34 | [TEX](/wiki/2016_AAA_Texas_500 \"2016 AAA Texas 500\")27 | [PHO](/wiki/2016_Can-Am_500 \"2016 Can-Am 500\")30 | [HOM](/wiki/2016_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2016 Ford EcoBoost 400\")15 | 31st | 481 | |\n| † \\- Qualified but replaced by [Michael Annett](/wiki/Michael_Annett \"Michael Annett\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n\n##### Daytona 500\n\n| Year | Team | Manufacturer | Start | Finish |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | 12\n\n 25\n\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\") | [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | DNQ\n\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_Daytona_500 \"2016 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | 35\n\n 24\n\n#### Xfinity Series\n\n| [NASCAR Xfinity Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"NASCAR Xfinity Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | | Pts |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\") | 10 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/Camping_World_300_%28Daytona%29 \"Camping World 300 (Daytona)\") | [CAL](/wiki/Stater_Brothers_300 \"Stater Brothers 300\") | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\") | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_Turf_Builder_300 \"Scotts Turf Builder 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_300 \"O'Reilly 300\") | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")25 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")15 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\") | [RCH](/wiki/Lipton_Tea_250 \"Lipton Tea 250\")32 | [DAR](/wiki/Diamond_Hill_Plywood_200 \"Diamond Hill Plywood 200\")20 | [CLT](/wiki/Carquest_Auto_Parts_300 \"Carquest Auto Parts 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Dover%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Dover)\") | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\") | [KEN](/wiki/Meijer_300 \"Meijer 300\") | [MLW](/wiki/NorthernTool.com_250 \"NorthernTool.com 250\") | [NHA](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Sales_200_%28Loudon%29 \"Camping World RV Sales 200 (Loudon)\") | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\") | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\") | [GTY](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_250 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers 250\") | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\") | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\") | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/Carfax_250 \"Carfax 250\") | | | | | | | [CAL](/wiki/Copart_300 \"Copart 300\")23 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\") | [MEM](/wiki/Kroger_On_Track_for_the_Cure_250 \"Kroger On Track for the Cure 250\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Challenge \"O'Reilly Challenge\") | [PHO](/wiki/Able_Body_Labor_200 \"Able Body Labor 200\") | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\") | 64th | 664 | |\n| [CJM Racing](/wiki/CJM_Racing \"CJM Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")30 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\") | [ATL](/wiki/Degree_V12_300 \"Degree V12 300\") | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\") | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")14 | | | | | | |\n| [2010](/wiki/2010_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")19 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")10 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")31 | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_Turf_Builder_300 \"Scotts Turf Builder 300\")29 | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")15 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")16 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")15 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")10 | [RCH](/wiki/Bubba_Burger_250 \"Bubba Burger 250\")28 | [DAR](/wiki/Royal_Purple_200 \"Royal Purple 200\")25 | [DOV](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Dover%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Dover)\")9 | [CLT](/wiki/TECH-NET_Auto_Service_300_powered_by_Carquest \"TECH-NET Auto Service 300 powered by Carquest\")33 | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\")28 | [KEN](/wiki/Meijer_300 \"Meijer 300\")31 | [ROA](/wiki/Bucyrus_200 \"Bucyrus 200\")13 | [NHA](/wiki/New_England_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"New England 200 (Nationwide)\")26 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")30 | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")3 | [GTY](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_250 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers 250\")6 | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\")17 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")30 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")13 | [MCH](/wiki/Carfax_250 \"Carfax 250\")15 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")25 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\")40 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_300 \"Great Clips 300\")28 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")38 | | | | | | | | | 14th | 3525 | |\n| [Turner Motorsports](/wiki/Turner_Scott_Motorsports \"Turner Scott Motorsports\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\")13 | | | | | | | |\n| [RAB Racing](/wiki/RAB_Racing \"RAB Racing\") | 09 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")21 | [CAL](/wiki/CampingWorld.com_300 \"CampingWorld.com 300\")15 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")28 | [GTY](/wiki/5-Hour_Energy_250 \"5-Hour Energy 250\")14 | | | |\n| [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")32 | [PHO](/wiki/WYPALL_200 \"WYPALL 200\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\")18 |\n| [2011](/wiki/2011_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/Joe_Gibbs_Racing \"Joe Gibbs Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")34 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")9 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")14 | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_EZ_Seed_300 \"Scotts EZ Seed 300\")12 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")13 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")10 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")11 | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")22 | [RCH](/wiki/Bubba_Burger_250 \"Bubba Burger 250\")15 | [DAR](/wiki/Royal_Purple_200 \"Royal Purple 200\")29 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")30 | [IOW](/wiki/Iowa_John_Deere_Dealers_250 \"Iowa John Deere Dealers 250\")27 | [CLT](/wiki/Top_Gear_300 \"Top Gear 300\")8 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")17 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")17 | [ROA](/wiki/Bucyrus_200 \"Bucyrus 200\")16 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")12 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")15 | [NHA](/wiki/New_England_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"New England 200 (Nationwide)\")17 | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\")17 | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\")15 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")14 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")14 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\")12 | [BRI](/wiki/2011_Food_City_250 \"2011 Food City 250\")10 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_300 \"Great Clips 300\")12 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")32 | **[CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")**3 | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200 \"OneMain Financial 200\")11 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")17 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")5 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")12 | [PHO](/wiki/WYPALL_200 \"WYPALL 200\")41 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\")9 | | 8th | 947 | |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")37 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")14 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")34 | [BRI](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300_%28Bristol%29 \"Ford EcoBoost 300 (Bristol)\")35 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")4 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")37 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250_%28Spring_Race%29 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250 (Spring Race)\")14 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")36 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")7 | [IOW](/wiki/Pioneer_Hi-Bred_250 \"Pioneer Hi-Bred 250\")11 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")31 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")3 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")9 | [ROA](/wiki/Sargento_200 \"Sargento 200\")7 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")30 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")32 | [NHA](/wiki/F.W._Webb_200 \"F.W. Webb 200\")12 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")11 | [IND](/wiki/Indiana_250 \"Indiana 250\")14 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")18 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")10 | [CGV](/wiki/2012_NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"2012 NAPA Auto Parts 200\")24 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")34 | [ATL](/wiki/NRA_American_Warrior_300 \"NRA American Warrior 300\")11 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")28 | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")10 | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")11 | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200 \"OneMain Financial 200\")7 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")8 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")26 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")22 | [PHO](/wiki/Great_Clips_200 \"Great Clips 200\")8 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")7 | | | 9th | 853 | |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 2 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_DRIVE4COPD_300 \"2013 DRIVE4COPD 300\")6 | [PHO](/wiki/Dollar_General_200 \"Dollar General 200\")10 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")9 | [BRI](/wiki/Jeff_Foxworthy%27s_Grit_Chips_300 \"Jeff Foxworthy's Grit Chips 300\")10 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")8 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")11 | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")20 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")27 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")14 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")15 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")14 | [IOW](/wiki/DuPont_Pioneer_250 \"DuPont Pioneer 250\")6 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")10 | [ROA](/wiki/Johnsonville_Sausage_200 \"Johnsonville Sausage 200\")20 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")17 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")17 | [NHA](/wiki/CNBC_Prime%27s_%22The_Profit%22_200 \"CNBC Prime's \")4 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")11 | [IND](/wiki/Indiana_250 \"Indiana 250\")2 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")13 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")11 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")12 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")9 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_/_Grit_Chips_300 \"Great Clips / Grit Chips 300\")10 | **[RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")**2\\* | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")14 | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")11 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28fall_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (fall race)\")11 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")18 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")12 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")8 | [PHO](/wiki/ServiceMaster_200 \"ServiceMaster 200\")13 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")32 | | | 7th | 1053 | |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2014 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")17 | [PHO](/wiki/Blue_Jeans_Go_Green_200 \"Blue Jeans Go Green 200\")12 | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\")7 | [BRI](/wiki/Drive_to_Stop_Diabetes_300 \"Drive to Stop Diabetes 300\")14 | [CAL](/wiki/Treatmyclot.com_300 \"Treatmyclot.com 300\")12 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")12 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")11 | **[RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")**5 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")33 | [IOW](/wiki/Get_To_Know_Newton_250 \"Get To Know Newton 250\")6 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")5 | [DOV](/wiki/Buckle_Up_200 \"Buckle Up 200\")7 | [MCH](/wiki/Ollie%27s_Bargain_Outlet_250 \"Ollie's Bargain Outlet 250\")5 | [ROA](/wiki/Gardner_Denver_200 \"Gardner Denver 200\")16 | [KEN](/wiki/John_R._Elliott_HERO_Campaign_300 \"John R. Elliott HERO Campaign 300\")8 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")16 | [NHA](/wiki/Sta-Green_200 \"Sta-Green 200\")7 | **[CHI](/wiki/EnjoyIllinois.com_300 \"EnjoyIllinois.com 300\")**6 | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\")7 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")7 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")10 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")3\\* | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\")11 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_/_Grit_Chips_300 \"Great Clips / Grit Chips 300\")7 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")5 | **[CHI](/wiki/Jimmy_John%27s_Freaky_Fast_300 \"Jimmy John's Freaky Fast 300\")**9 | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")2 | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\")7 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")9 | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")6 | [PHO](/wiki/DAV_200 \"DAV 200\")7 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")10 | | | 4th | 1154 | |\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"2015 NASCAR Xfinity Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/Alert_Today_Florida_300 \"Alert Today Florida 300\")25 | [ATL](/wiki/Hisense_250 \"Hisense 250\")7 | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\")38 | [PHO](/wiki/Axalta_Faster._Tougher._Brighter._200 \"Axalta Faster. Tougher. Brighter. 200\")10 | [CAL](/wiki/Drive4Clots.com_300 \"Drive4Clots.com 300\")6 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")10 | [BRI](/wiki/Drive_to_Stop_Diabetes_300 \"Drive to Stop Diabetes 300\")8 | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")7 | [TAL](/wiki/Winn-Dixie_300 \"Winn-Dixie 300\")2 | [IOW](/wiki/3M_250 \"3M 250\")4 | [CLT](/wiki/Hisense_300 \"Hisense 300\")20 | [DOV](/wiki/Buckle_Up_200 \"Buckle Up 200\")36 | [MCH](/wiki/Great_Clips_250 \"Great Clips 250\")9 | [CHI](/wiki/Owens_Corning_AttiCat_300 \"Owens Corning AttiCat 300\")8 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")23\\* | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")19 | [NHA](/wiki/Lakes_Region_200 \"Lakes Region 200\")29 | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\")11 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")3 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")6 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")7 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\")6 | [ROA](/wiki/Road_America_180 \"Road America 180\")3 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")12 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")3 | [CHI](/wiki/Furious_7_300 \"Furious 7 300\")17 | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")13 | [DOV](/wiki/Hisense_200 \"Hisense 200\")31 | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\")13 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")23 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")7 | [PHO](/wiki/DAV_200 \"DAV 200\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")4 | | | 8th | 1032 | |\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 3 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/PowerShares_QQQ_300 \"PowerShares QQQ 300\") | [ATL](/wiki/Rinnai_250 \"Rinnai 250\") | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\") | [PHO](/wiki/DC_Solar_200 \"DC Solar 200\") | [CAL](/wiki/Service_King_300 \"Service King 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/My_Bariatric_Solutions_300 \"My Bariatric Solutions 300\") | [BRI](/wiki/Fitzgerald_Glider_Kits_300 \"Fitzgerald Glider Kits 300\") | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\") | [TAL](/wiki/Sparks_Energy_300 \"Sparks Energy 300\") | [CLT](/wiki/Hisense_4K_TV_300 \"Hisense 4K TV 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200_%28spring%29 \"OneMain Financial 200 (spring)\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_Green_250 \"Pocono Green 250\") | [MCH](/wiki/Irish_Hills_250 \"Irish Hills 250\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_E15_250 \"American Ethanol E15 250\") | [DAY](/wiki/Coca-Cola_Firecracker_250 \"Coca-Cola Firecracker 250\") | [KEN](/wiki/Alsco_300 \"Alsco 300\") | [NHA](/wiki/Overton%27s_200 \"Overton's 200\") | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\") | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")3 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\") | [MOH](/wiki/Mid-Ohio_Challenge \"Mid-Ohio Challenge\") | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\") | [ROA](/wiki/Johnsonville_180 \"Johnsonville 180\") | [DAR](/wiki/Sport_Clips_Haircuts_VFW_200 \"Sport Clips Haircuts VFW 200\") | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\") | [CHI](/wiki/TheHouse.com_300 \"TheHouse.com 300\") | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")8 | [DOV](/wiki/Drive_Sober_200 \"Drive Sober 200\") | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300_%28fall_race%29 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race)\") | [PHO](/wiki/Ticket_Galaxy_200 \"Ticket Galaxy 200\") | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\") | | | 43rd | 70 | |\n\n#### Camping World Truck Series\n\n| [NASCAR Camping World Truck Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2007](/wiki/2007_NASCAR_Craftsman_Truck_Series \"2007 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series\") | [Xpress Motorsports](/wiki/Xpress_Motorsports \"Xpress Motorsports\") | 16 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | [DAY](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_HD_250 \"Chevy Silverado HD 250\") | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\") | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\") | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\") | [CLT](/wiki/Quaker_Steak_and_Lube_200 \"Quaker Steak and Lube 200\") | [MFD](/wiki/Ohio_250 \"Ohio 250\") | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\") | [TEX](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_400 \"Sam's Town 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_200 \"Michigan 200\") | [MLW](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_Milwaukee_200 \"Toyota Tundra Milwaukee 200\") | [MEM](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Memphis%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Memphis)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\") | [IRP](/wiki/Power_Stroke_Diesel_200 \"Power Stroke Diesel 200\") | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\") | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\") | [GTW](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_Ram_Tough_200 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers Ram Tough 200\") | [NHA](/wiki/New_Hampshire_200 \"New Hampshire 200\")21 | [LVS](/wiki/Smith%27s_Las_Vegas_350 \"Smith's Las Vegas 350\")29 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")15 | [ATL](/wiki/EasyCare_Vehicle_Service_Contracts_200_%28fall%29 \"EasyCare Vehicle Service Contracts 200 (fall)\")19 | [TEX](/wiki/Silverado_350K \"Silverado 350K\")21 | [PHO](/wiki/Casino_Arizona_150 \"Casino Arizona 150\")18 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")15 | 40th | 727 | |\n| [2008](/wiki/2008_NASCAR_Craftsman_Truck_Series \"2008 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series\") | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_250_%28Daytona%29 \"Chevy Silverado 250 (Daytona)\")9 | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\")23 | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\")17 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\")30 | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\")14 | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\")35 | [MFD](/wiki/Ohio_250 \"Ohio 250\")25 | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\")32 | [TEX](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_400 \"Sam's Town 400\")13 | [MCH](/wiki/Cool_City_Customs_200 \"Cool City Customs 200\")25 | [MLW](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Sales_200_%28Milwaukee%29 \"Camping World RV Sales 200 (Milwaukee)\")32 | [MEM](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Memphis%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Memphis)\")13 | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\")32 | [IRP](/wiki/Power_Stroke_Diesel_200 \"Power Stroke Diesel 200\")29 | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\")14 | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\")19 | [GTW](/wiki/Camping_World_200_%28Truck_Race%29 \"Camping World 200 (Truck Race)\")14 | [NHA](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Rental_200 \"Camping World RV Rental 200\")8 | | | | | | | | 16th | 2787 | |\n| [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [LVS](/wiki/Qwik_Liner_Las_Vegas_350 \"Qwik Liner Las Vegas 350\")14 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\")7 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")14 | [ATL](/wiki/E-Z-GO_200_%28fall%29 \"E-Z-GO 200 (fall)\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_350K \"Chevy Silverado 350K\")9 | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")4 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")2 |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"2009 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/NextEra_Energy_Resources_250 \"NextEra Energy Resources 250\")12 | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\")29 | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\")10 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\")8 | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\")3 | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\")21 | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\")1 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_400K \"WinStar World Casino 400K\")15 | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_200 \"Michigan 200\")34 | [MLW](/wiki/Copart_200 \"Copart 200\")3 | [MEM](/wiki/MemphisTravel.com_200 \"MemphisTravel.com 200\")2 | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\")6 | [IRP](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28LOR%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (LOR)\")12 | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\")2 | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\")5 | [CHI](/wiki/EnjoyIllinois.com_225 \"EnjoyIllinois.com 225\")28 | [IOW](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_200_%28Iowa%29 \"Lucas Oil 200 (Iowa)\")9 | [GTW](/wiki/Copart_200_%28Gateway%29 \"Copart 200 (Gateway)\")3 | [NHA](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Loudon%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Loudon)\")7 | [LVS](/wiki/Las_Vegas_350 \"Las Vegas 350\")19 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")24 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\")23 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_350K \"WinStar World Casino 350K\")7 | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")12 | 7th | 3307 | |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") | [Kyle Busch Motorsports](/wiki/Kyle_Busch_Motorsports \"Kyle Busch Motorsports\") | 18 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/NextEra_Energy_Resources_250 \"NextEra Energy Resources 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\") | [CAR](/wiki/Good_Sam_Roadside_Assistance_Carolina_200 \"Good Sam Roadside Assistance Carolina 200\") | [KAN](/wiki/SFP_250 \"SFP 250\") | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\") | [DOV](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_200_%28Dover%29 \"Lucas Oil 200 (Dover)\")13 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_400K \"WinStar World Casino 400K\") | [KEN](/wiki/UNOH_225 \"UNOH 225\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_200 \"American Ethanol 200\") | [CHI](/wiki/American_Ethanol_225 \"American Ethanol 225\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_Mountains_125 \"Pocono Mountains 125\") | [MCH](/wiki/VFW_200 \"VFW 200\") | [BRI](/wiki/UNOH_200 \"UNOH 200\")17 | [ATL](/wiki/Jeff_Foxworthy%27s_Grit_Chips_200 \"Jeff Foxworthy's Grit Chips 200\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_200_%28fall%29 \"American Ethanol 200 (fall)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_201 \"Kentucky 201\")5 | [LVS](/wiki/Smith%27s_350 \"Smith's 350\") | [TAL](/wiki/Fred%27s_250 \"Fred's 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_350K \"WinStar World Casino 350K\") | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")1\\* | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_200 \"Ford EcoBoost 200\") | | | | 78th | 0 | |\n\n Season still in progress \n\n Ineligible for series points\n\n",
"#### Sprint Cup Series\n\n| [NASCAR Sprint Cup Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2013 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 33 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_Daytona_500 \"2013 Daytona 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2013_Subway_Fresh_Fit_500 \"2013 Subway Fresh Fit 500\") | [LVS](/wiki/2013_Kobalt_Tools_400 \"2013 Kobalt Tools 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2013_Food_City_500 \"2013 Food City 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2013_Auto_Club_400 \"2013 Auto Club 400\") | [MAR](/wiki/2013_STP_Gas_Booster_500 \"2013 STP Gas Booster 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2013_NRA_500 \"2013 NRA 500\") | [KAN](/wiki/2013_STP_400 \"2013 STP 400\") | [RCH](/wiki/2013_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2013 Toyota Owners 400\") | [TAL](/wiki/2013_Aaron%27s_499 \"2013 Aaron's 499\") | [DAR](/wiki/2013_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2013 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [CLT](/wiki/2013_Coca-Cola_600 \"2013 Coca-Cola 600\") | [DOV](/wiki/2013_FedEx_400 \"2013 FedEx 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2013_Party_in_the_Poconos_400 \"2013 Party in the Poconos 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/2013_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2013 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2013_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2013 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [KEN](/wiki/2013_Quaker_State_400 \"2013 Quaker State 400\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_Coke_Zero_400 \"2013 Coke Zero 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2013_Camping_World_RV_Sales_301 \"2013 Camping World RV Sales 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2013_Brickyard_400 \"2013 Brickyard 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2013_Gobowling.com_400 \"2013 Gobowling.com 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2013_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2013 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2013_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2013 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2013_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2013 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [ATL](/wiki/2013_AdvoCare_500_%28Atlanta%29 \"2013 AdvoCare 500 (Atlanta)\") | [RCH](/wiki/2013_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2013 Federated Auto Parts 400\") | [CHI](/wiki/2013_GEICO_400 \"2013 GEICO 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2013_Sylvania_300 \"2013 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2013_AAA_400 \"2013 AAA 400\") | [KAN](/wiki/2013_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2013 Hollywood Casino 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2013_Bank_of_America_500 \"2013 Bank of America 500\")27 | [TAL](/wiki/2013_Camping_World_RV_Sales_500 \"2013 Camping World RV Sales 500\") | [MAR](/wiki/2013_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2013 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2013_AAA_Texas_500 \"2013 AAA Texas 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2013_AdvoCare_500_%28Phoenix%29 \"2013 AdvoCare 500 (Phoenix)\") | [HOM](/wiki/2013_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2013 Ford EcoBoost 400\") | 66th | 01 | |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\")25 | [PHO](/wiki/2014_The_Profit_on_CNBC_500 \"2014 The Profit on CNBC 500\")32 | [LVS](/wiki/2014_Kobalt_400 \"2014 Kobalt 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2014_Food_City_500 \"2014 Food City 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2014_Auto_Club_400 \"2014 Auto Club 400\")35 | [MAR](/wiki/2014_STP_500 \"2014 STP 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2014_Duck_Commander_500 \"2014 Duck Commander 500\") | [DAR](/wiki/2014_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2014 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2014_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2014 Toyota Owners 400\") | **[TAL](/wiki/2014_Aaron%27s_499 \"2014 Aaron's 499\")**42 | [KAN](/wiki/2014_5-hour_Energy_400 \"2014 5-hour Energy 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2014_Coca-Cola_600 \"2014 Coca-Cola 600\")32 | [DOV](/wiki/2014_FedEx_400 \"2014 FedEx 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2014_Pocono_400 \"2014 Pocono 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/2014_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2014 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2014_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2014 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [KEN](/wiki/2014_Quaker_State_400 \"2014 Quaker State 400\") | [DAY](/wiki/2014_Coke_Zero_400 \"2014 Coke Zero 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2014_Camping_World_RV_Sales_301 \"2014 Camping World RV Sales 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2014_Brickyard_400 \"2014 Brickyard 400\") | [POC](/wiki/2014_Gobowling.com_400 \"2014 Gobowling.com 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2014_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2014 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2014_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2014 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2014_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2014 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [ATL](/wiki/2014_Oral-B_USA_500 \"2014 Oral-B USA 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2014_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2014 Federated Auto Parts 400\") | [CHI](/wiki/2014_MyAFibStory.com_400 \"2014 MyAFibStory.com 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2014_Sylvania_300 \"2014 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2014_AAA_400 \"2014 AAA 400\") | [KAN](/wiki/2014_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2014 Hollywood Casino 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2014_Bank_of_America_500 \"2014 Bank of America 500\") | [TAL](/wiki/2014_GEICO_500 \"2014 GEICO 500\") | [MAR](/wiki/2014_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2014 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2014_AAA_Texas_500 \"2014 AAA Texas 500\") | [PHO](/wiki/2014_Quicken_Loans_Race_for_Heroes_500 \"2014 Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500\") | [HOM](/wiki/2014_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2014 Ford EcoBoost 400\")28 | 62nd | 0 | |\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2015 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") | 62 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\")DNQ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 53rd | 01 | |\n| [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 33 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | | [ATL](/wiki/2015_Folds_of_Honor_QuikTrip_500 \"2015 Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500\")QL | [LVS](/wiki/2015_Kobalt_400 \"2015 Kobalt 400\")13 | [PHO](/wiki/2015_CampingWorld.com_500 \"2015 CampingWorld.com 500\") | [CAL](/wiki/2015_Auto_Club_400 \"2015 Auto Club 400\")27 | [MAR](/wiki/2015_STP_500 \"2015 STP 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2015_Duck_Commander_500 \"2015 Duck Commander 500\") | [BRI](/wiki/2015_Food_City_500 \"2015 Food City 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2015_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2015 Toyota Owners 400\") | [TAL](/wiki/2015_GEICO_500 \"2015 GEICO 500\")43 | [KAN](/wiki/2015_SpongeBob_SquarePants_400 \"2015 SpongeBob SquarePants 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2015_Coca-Cola_600 \"2015 Coca-Cola 600\") | [DOV](/wiki/2015_FedEx_400 \"2015 FedEx 400\")38 | [POC](/wiki/2015_Axalta_%22We_Paint_Winners%22_400 \"2015 Axalta \") | [MCH](/wiki/2015_Quicken_Loans_400 \"2015 Quicken Loans 400\") | [SON](/wiki/2015_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2015 Toyota/Save Mart 350\") | [DAY](/wiki/2015_Coke_Zero_400 \"2015 Coke Zero 400\")42 | [KEN](/wiki/2015_Quaker_State_400 \"2015 Quaker State 400\") | [NHA](/wiki/2015_5-hour_Energy_301 \"2015 5-hour Energy 301\") | [IND](/wiki/2015_Brickyard_400 \"2015 Brickyard 400\")36 | [POC](/wiki/2015_Windows_10_400 \"2015 Windows 10 400\") | [GLN](/wiki/2015_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2015 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/2015_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2015 Pure Michigan 400\") | [BRI](/wiki/2015_Irwin_Tools_Night_Race \"2015 Irwin Tools Night Race\") | [DAR](/wiki/2015_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2015 Bojangles' Southern 500\") | [RCH](/wiki/2015_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2015 Federated Auto Parts 400\")22 | [CHI](/wiki/2015_myAFibRisk.com_400 \"2015 myAFibRisk.com 400\")22 | [NHA](/wiki/2015_Sylvania_300 \"2015 Sylvania 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/2015_AAA_400 \"2015 AAA 400\") | [CLT](/wiki/2015_Bank_of_America_500 \"2015 Bank of America 500\") | [KAN](/wiki/2015_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2015 Hollywood Casino 400\")12 | [TAL](/wiki/2015_CampingWorld.com_500_at_Talladega \"2015 CampingWorld.com 500 at Talladega\") | [MAR](/wiki/2015_Goody%27s_Headache_Relief_Shot_500 \"2015 Goody's Headache Relief Shot 500\") | [TEX](/wiki/2015_AAA_Texas_500 \"2015 AAA Texas 500\")14 | [PHO](/wiki/2015_Quicken_Loans_Race_for_Heroes_500 \"2015 Quicken Loans Race for Heroes 500\") | [HOM](/wiki/2015_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2015 Ford EcoBoost 400\") |\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_NASCAR_Sprint_Cup_Series \"2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series\") | [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") | 44 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | [DAY](/wiki/2016_Daytona_500 \"2016 Daytona 500\")24 | [ATL](/wiki/2016_Folds_of_Honor_QuikTrip_500 \"2016 Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500\")31 | [LVS](/wiki/2016_Kobalt_400 \"2016 Kobalt 400\")27 | [PHO](/wiki/2016_Good_Sam_500 \"2016 Good Sam 500\")27 | [CAL](/wiki/2016_Auto_Club_400 \"2016 Auto Club 400\")12 | [MAR](/wiki/2016_STP_500 \"2016 STP 500\")26 | [TEX](/wiki/2016_Duck_Commander_500 \"2016 Duck Commander 500\")27 | [BRI](/wiki/2016_Food_City_500 \"2016 Food City 500\")30 | [RCH](/wiki/2016_Toyota_Owners_400 \"2016 Toyota Owners 400\")35 | [TAL](/wiki/2016_GEICO_500 \"2016 GEICO 500\")30 | [KAN](/wiki/2016_Go_Bowling_400 \"2016 Go Bowling 400\")22 | [DOV](/wiki/2016_AAA_400_Drive_for_Autism \"2016 AAA 400 Drive for Autism\")24 | [CLT](/wiki/2016_Coca-Cola_600 \"2016 Coca-Cola 600\")29 | [POC](/wiki/2016_Axalta_%22We_Paint_Winners%22_400 \"2016 Axalta \")39 | [MCH](/wiki/2016_FireKeepers_Casino_400 \"2016 FireKeepers Casino 400\")36 | [SON](/wiki/2016_Toyota/Save_Mart_350 \"2016 Toyota/Save Mart 350\")33 | [DAY](/wiki/2016_Coke_Zero_400 \"2016 Coke Zero 400\")37 | [KEN](/wiki/2016_Quaker_State_400 \"2016 Quaker State 400\")33 | [NHA](/wiki/2016_New_Hampshire_301 \"2016 New Hampshire 301\")38 | [IND](/wiki/2016_Brickyard_400 \"2016 Brickyard 400\")27 | [POC](/wiki/2016_Pennsylvania_400 \"2016 Pennsylvania 400\")24 | [GLN](/wiki/2016_Cheez-It_355_at_The_Glen \"2016 Cheez-It 355 at The Glen\")25 | [BRI](/wiki/2016_Bass_Pro_Shops_NRA_Night_Race \"2016 Bass Pro Shops NRA Night Race\")18 | [MCH](/wiki/2016_Pure_Michigan_400 \"2016 Pure Michigan 400\")28 | [DAR](/wiki/2016_Bojangles%27_Southern_500 \"2016 Bojangles' Southern 500\")39 | [RCH](/wiki/2016_Federated_Auto_Parts_400 \"2016 Federated Auto Parts 400\")35 | [CHI](/wiki/2016_Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles_400 \"2016 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 400\")31 | [NHA](/wiki/2016_Bad_Boy_Off_Road_300 \"2016 Bad Boy Off Road 300\")31 | [DOV](/wiki/2016_Citizen_Soldier_400 \"2016 Citizen Soldier 400\")21 | [CLT](/wiki/2016_Bank_of_America_500 \"2016 Bank of America 500\")22 | [KAN](/wiki/2016_Hollywood_Casino_400 \"2016 Hollywood Casino 400\")28 | [TAL](/wiki/2016_Hellmann%27s_500 \"2016 Hellmann's 500\")2 | [MAR](/wiki/2016_Goody%27s_Fast_Relief_500 \"2016 Goody's Fast Relief 500\")34 | [TEX](/wiki/2016_AAA_Texas_500 \"2016 AAA Texas 500\")27 | [PHO](/wiki/2016_Can-Am_500 \"2016 Can-Am 500\")30 | [HOM](/wiki/2016_Ford_EcoBoost_400 \"2016 Ford EcoBoost 400\")15 | 31st | 481 | |\n| † \\- Qualified but replaced by [Michael Annett](/wiki/Michael_Annett \"Michael Annett\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n\n##### Daytona 500\n\n| Year | Team | Manufacturer | Start | Finish |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | 12\n\n 25\n\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\") | [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | DNQ\n\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_Daytona_500 \"2016 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | 35\n\n 24\n\n",
"##### Daytona 500\n\n| Year | Team | Manufacturer | Start | Finish |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_Daytona_500 \"2014 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | 12\n\n 25\n\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_Daytona_500 \"2015 Daytona 500\") | [Premium Motorsports](/wiki/Premium_Motorsports \"Premium Motorsports\") | [Chevrolet](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | DNQ\n\n| [2016](/wiki/2016_Daytona_500 \"2016 Daytona 500\") | [Richard Petty Motorsports](/wiki/Richard_Petty_Motorsports \"Richard Petty Motorsports\") | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | 35\n\n 24\n\n",
"#### Xfinity Series\n\n| [NASCAR Xfinity Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"NASCAR Xfinity Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | | Pts |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2009 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\") | 10 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/Camping_World_300_%28Daytona%29 \"Camping World 300 (Daytona)\") | [CAL](/wiki/Stater_Brothers_300 \"Stater Brothers 300\") | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\") | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_Turf_Builder_300 \"Scotts Turf Builder 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_300 \"O'Reilly 300\") | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")25 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")15 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\") | [RCH](/wiki/Lipton_Tea_250 \"Lipton Tea 250\")32 | [DAR](/wiki/Diamond_Hill_Plywood_200 \"Diamond Hill Plywood 200\")20 | [CLT](/wiki/Carquest_Auto_Parts_300 \"Carquest Auto Parts 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Dover%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Dover)\") | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\") | [KEN](/wiki/Meijer_300 \"Meijer 300\") | [MLW](/wiki/NorthernTool.com_250 \"NorthernTool.com 250\") | [NHA](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Sales_200_%28Loudon%29 \"Camping World RV Sales 200 (Loudon)\") | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\") | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\") | [GTY](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_250 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers 250\") | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\") | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\") | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\") | [MCH](/wiki/Carfax_250 \"Carfax 250\") | | | | | | | [CAL](/wiki/Copart_300 \"Copart 300\")23 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\") | [MEM](/wiki/Kroger_On_Track_for_the_Cure_250 \"Kroger On Track for the Cure 250\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Challenge \"O'Reilly Challenge\") | [PHO](/wiki/Able_Body_Labor_200 \"Able Body Labor 200\") | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\") | 64th | 664 | |\n| [CJM Racing](/wiki/CJM_Racing \"CJM Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")30 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\") | [ATL](/wiki/Degree_V12_300 \"Degree V12 300\") | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\") | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")14 | | | | | | |\n| [2010](/wiki/2010_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Braun Racing](/wiki/Braun_Racing \"Braun Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")19 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")10 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")31 | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_Turf_Builder_300 \"Scotts Turf Builder 300\")29 | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")15 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")16 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")15 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")10 | [RCH](/wiki/Bubba_Burger_250 \"Bubba Burger 250\")28 | [DAR](/wiki/Royal_Purple_200 \"Royal Purple 200\")25 | [DOV](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Dover%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Dover)\")9 | [CLT](/wiki/TECH-NET_Auto_Service_300_powered_by_Carquest \"TECH-NET Auto Service 300 powered by Carquest\")33 | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\")28 | [KEN](/wiki/Meijer_300 \"Meijer 300\")31 | [ROA](/wiki/Bucyrus_200 \"Bucyrus 200\")13 | [NHA](/wiki/New_England_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"New England 200 (Nationwide)\")26 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")30 | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")3 | [GTY](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_250 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers 250\")6 | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\")17 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")30 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")13 | [MCH](/wiki/Carfax_250 \"Carfax 250\")15 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")25 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\")40 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_300 \"Great Clips 300\")28 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")38 | | | | | | | | | 14th | 3525 | |\n| [Turner Motorsports](/wiki/Turner_Scott_Motorsports \"Turner Scott Motorsports\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\")13 | | | | | | | |\n| [RAB Racing](/wiki/RAB_Racing \"RAB Racing\") | 09 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")21 | [CAL](/wiki/CampingWorld.com_300 \"CampingWorld.com 300\")15 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")28 | [GTY](/wiki/5-Hour_Energy_250 \"5-Hour Energy 250\")14 | | | |\n| [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")32 | [PHO](/wiki/WYPALL_200 \"WYPALL 200\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\")18 |\n| [2011](/wiki/2011_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2011 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Joe Gibbs Racing](/wiki/Joe_Gibbs_Racing \"Joe Gibbs Racing\") | 11 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")34 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")9 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")14 | [BRI](/wiki/Scotts_EZ_Seed_300 \"Scotts EZ Seed 300\")12 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")13 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")10 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")11 | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_300 \"Nashville 300\")22 | [RCH](/wiki/Bubba_Burger_250 \"Bubba Burger 250\")15 | [DAR](/wiki/Royal_Purple_200 \"Royal Purple 200\")29 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")30 | [IOW](/wiki/Iowa_John_Deere_Dealers_250 \"Iowa John Deere Dealers 250\")27 | [CLT](/wiki/Top_Gear_300 \"Top Gear 300\")8 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")17 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")17 | [ROA](/wiki/Bucyrus_200 \"Bucyrus 200\")16 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")12 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")15 | [NHA](/wiki/New_England_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"New England 200 (Nationwide)\")17 | [NSH](/wiki/Federated_Auto_Parts_300 \"Federated Auto Parts 300\")17 | [IRP](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Nationwide%29 \"Kroger 200 (Nationwide)\")15 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")14 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")14 | [CGV](/wiki/NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"NAPA Auto Parts 200\")12 | [BRI](/wiki/2011_Food_City_250 \"2011 Food City 250\")10 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_300 \"Great Clips 300\")12 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")32 | **[CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")**3 | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200 \"OneMain Financial 200\")11 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")17 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")5 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")12 | [PHO](/wiki/WYPALL_200 \"WYPALL 200\")41 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_300_%28Homestead-Miami%29 \"Ford 300 (Homestead-Miami)\")9 | | 8th | 947 | |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")37 | [PHO](/wiki/Bashas%27_Supermarkets_200 \"Bashas' Supermarkets 200\")14 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")34 | [BRI](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300_%28Bristol%29 \"Ford EcoBoost 300 (Bristol)\")35 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")4 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")37 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250_%28Spring_Race%29 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250 (Spring Race)\")14 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")36 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")7 | [IOW](/wiki/Pioneer_Hi-Bred_250 \"Pioneer Hi-Bred 250\")11 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")31 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")3 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")9 | [ROA](/wiki/Sargento_200 \"Sargento 200\")7 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")30 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Jalape%C3%B1o_250 \"Subway Jalapeño 250\")32 | [NHA](/wiki/F.W._Webb_200 \"F.W. Webb 200\")12 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")11 | [IND](/wiki/Indiana_250 \"Indiana 250\")14 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")18 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")10 | [CGV](/wiki/2012_NAPA_Auto_Parts_200 \"2012 NAPA Auto Parts 200\")24 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")34 | [ATL](/wiki/NRA_American_Warrior_300 \"NRA American Warrior 300\")11 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")28 | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")10 | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")11 | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200 \"OneMain Financial 200\")7 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")8 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")26 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")22 | [PHO](/wiki/Great_Clips_200 \"Great Clips 200\")8 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")7 | | | 9th | 853 | |\n| [2013](/wiki/2013_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2013 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 2 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/2013_DRIVE4COPD_300 \"2013 DRIVE4COPD 300\")6 | [PHO](/wiki/Dollar_General_200 \"Dollar General 200\")10 | [LVS](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_300 \"Sam's Town 300\")9 | [BRI](/wiki/Jeff_Foxworthy%27s_Grit_Chips_300 \"Jeff Foxworthy's Grit Chips 300\")10 | [CAL](/wiki/Royal_Purple_300 \"Royal Purple 300\")8 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")11 | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")20 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")27 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")14 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")15 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28spring_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (spring race)\")14 | [IOW](/wiki/DuPont_Pioneer_250 \"DuPont Pioneer 250\")6 | [MCH](/wiki/Alliance_Truck_Parts_250 \"Alliance Truck Parts 250\")10 | [ROA](/wiki/Johnsonville_Sausage_200 \"Johnsonville Sausage 200\")20 | [KEN](/wiki/Feed_the_Children_300 \"Feed the Children 300\")17 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")17 | [NHA](/wiki/CNBC_Prime%27s_%22The_Profit%22_200 \"CNBC Prime's \")4 | [CHI](/wiki/STP_300 \"STP 300\")11 | [IND](/wiki/Indiana_250 \"Indiana 250\")2 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")13 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")11 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")12 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_250 \"Food City 250\")9 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_/_Grit_Chips_300 \"Great Clips / Grit Chips 300\")10 | **[RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")**2\\* | [CHI](/wiki/Dollar_General_300_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Dollar General 300 (Chicagoland)\")14 | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")11 | [DOV](/wiki/5-hour_Energy_200_%28fall_race%29 \"5-hour Energy 200 (fall race)\")11 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")18 | [CLT](/wiki/Dollar_General_300 \"Dollar General 300\")12 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")8 | [PHO](/wiki/ServiceMaster_200 \"ServiceMaster 200\")13 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")32 | | | 7th | 1053 | |\n| [2014](/wiki/2014_NASCAR_Nationwide_Series \"2014 NASCAR Nationwide Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/DRIVE4COPD_300 \"DRIVE4COPD 300\")17 | [PHO](/wiki/Blue_Jeans_Go_Green_200 \"Blue Jeans Go Green 200\")12 | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\")7 | [BRI](/wiki/Drive_to_Stop_Diabetes_300 \"Drive to Stop Diabetes 300\")14 | [CAL](/wiki/Treatmyclot.com_300 \"Treatmyclot.com 300\")12 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")12 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")11 | **[RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")**5 | [TAL](/wiki/Aaron%27s_312 \"Aaron's 312\")33 | [IOW](/wiki/Get_To_Know_Newton_250 \"Get To Know Newton 250\")6 | [CLT](/wiki/History_300 \"History 300\")5 | [DOV](/wiki/Buckle_Up_200 \"Buckle Up 200\")7 | [MCH](/wiki/Ollie%27s_Bargain_Outlet_250 \"Ollie's Bargain Outlet 250\")5 | [ROA](/wiki/Gardner_Denver_200 \"Gardner Denver 200\")16 | [KEN](/wiki/John_R._Elliott_HERO_Campaign_300 \"John R. Elliott HERO Campaign 300\")8 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")16 | [NHA](/wiki/Sta-Green_200 \"Sta-Green 200\")7 | **[CHI](/wiki/EnjoyIllinois.com_300 \"EnjoyIllinois.com 300\")**6 | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\")7 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")7 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")10 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")3\\* | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\")11 | [ATL](/wiki/Great_Clips_/_Grit_Chips_300 \"Great Clips / Grit Chips 300\")7 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")5 | **[CHI](/wiki/Jimmy_John%27s_Freaky_Fast_300 \"Jimmy John's Freaky Fast 300\")**9 | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")2 | [DOV](/wiki/Dover_200_%28fall_race%29 \"Dover 200 (fall race)\")7 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")9 | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")6 | [PHO](/wiki/DAV_200 \"DAV 200\")7 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")10 | | | 4th | 1154 | |\n| [2015](/wiki/2015_NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"2015 NASCAR Xfinity Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/Alert_Today_Florida_300 \"Alert Today Florida 300\")25 | [ATL](/wiki/Hisense_250 \"Hisense 250\")7 | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\")38 | [PHO](/wiki/Axalta_Faster._Tougher._Brighter._200 \"Axalta Faster. Tougher. Brighter. 200\")10 | [CAL](/wiki/Drive4Clots.com_300 \"Drive4Clots.com 300\")6 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300\")10 | [BRI](/wiki/Drive_to_Stop_Diabetes_300 \"Drive to Stop Diabetes 300\")8 | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\")7 | [TAL](/wiki/Winn-Dixie_300 \"Winn-Dixie 300\")2 | [IOW](/wiki/3M_250 \"3M 250\")4 | [CLT](/wiki/Hisense_300 \"Hisense 300\")20 | [DOV](/wiki/Buckle_Up_200 \"Buckle Up 200\")36 | [MCH](/wiki/Great_Clips_250 \"Great Clips 250\")9 | [CHI](/wiki/Owens_Corning_AttiCat_300 \"Owens Corning AttiCat 300\")8 | [DAY](/wiki/Subway_Firecracker_250 \"Subway Firecracker 250\")23\\* | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_300 \"Kentucky 300\")19 | [NHA](/wiki/Lakes_Region_200 \"Lakes Region 200\")29 | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\")11 | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")3 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\")6 | [MOH](/wiki/Nationwide_Children%27s_Hospital_200 \"Nationwide Children's Hospital 200\")7 | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\")6 | [ROA](/wiki/Road_America_180 \"Road America 180\")3 | [DAR](/wiki/VFW_Sport_Clips_Help_a_Hero_200 \"VFW Sport Clips Help a Hero 200\")12 | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\")3 | [CHI](/wiki/Furious_7_300 \"Furious 7 300\")17 | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")13 | [DOV](/wiki/Hisense_200 \"Hisense 200\")31 | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\")13 | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\")23 | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_Challenge \"O'Reilly Auto Parts Challenge\")7 | [PHO](/wiki/DAV_200 \"DAV 200\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\")4 | | | 8th | 1032 | |\n| [2017](/wiki/2017_NASCAR_Xfinity_Series \"2017 NASCAR Xfinity Series\") | [Richard Childress Racing](/wiki/Richard_Childress_Racing \"Richard Childress Racing\") | 3 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/PowerShares_QQQ_300 \"PowerShares QQQ 300\") | [ATL](/wiki/Rinnai_250 \"Rinnai 250\") | [LVS](/wiki/Boyd_Gaming_300 \"Boyd Gaming 300\") | [PHO](/wiki/DC_Solar_200 \"DC Solar 200\") | [CAL](/wiki/Service_King_300 \"Service King 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/My_Bariatric_Solutions_300 \"My Bariatric Solutions 300\") | [BRI](/wiki/Fitzgerald_Glider_Kits_300 \"Fitzgerald Glider Kits 300\") | [RCH](/wiki/ToyotaCare_250 \"ToyotaCare 250\") | [TAL](/wiki/Sparks_Energy_300 \"Sparks Energy 300\") | [CLT](/wiki/Hisense_4K_TV_300 \"Hisense 4K TV 300\") | [DOV](/wiki/OneMain_Financial_200_%28spring%29 \"OneMain Financial 200 (spring)\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_Green_250 \"Pocono Green 250\") | [MCH](/wiki/Irish_Hills_250 \"Irish Hills 250\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_E15_250 \"American Ethanol E15 250\") | [DAY](/wiki/Coca-Cola_Firecracker_250 \"Coca-Cola Firecracker 250\") | [KEN](/wiki/Alsco_300 \"Alsco 300\") | [NHA](/wiki/Overton%27s_200 \"Overton's 200\") | [IND](/wiki/Lilly_Diabetes_250 \"Lilly Diabetes 250\") | [IOW](/wiki/U.S._Cellular_250 \"U.S. Cellular 250\")3 | [GLN](/wiki/Zippo_200_at_The_Glen \"Zippo 200 at The Glen\") | [MOH](/wiki/Mid-Ohio_Challenge \"Mid-Ohio Challenge\") | [BRI](/wiki/Food_City_300 \"Food City 300\") | [ROA](/wiki/Johnsonville_180 \"Johnsonville 180\") | [DAR](/wiki/Sport_Clips_Haircuts_VFW_200 \"Sport Clips Haircuts VFW 200\") | [RCH](/wiki/Virginia_529_College_Savings_250 \"Virginia 529 College Savings 250\") | [CHI](/wiki/TheHouse.com_300 \"TheHouse.com 300\") | [KEN](/wiki/VisitMyrtleBeach.com_300 \"VisitMyrtleBeach.com 300\")8 | [DOV](/wiki/Drive_Sober_200 \"Drive Sober 200\") | [CLT](/wiki/Drive_for_the_Cure_300 \"Drive for the Cure 300\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_300 \"Kansas Lottery 300\") | [TEX](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_300_%28fall_race%29 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 300 (fall race)\") | [PHO](/wiki/Ticket_Galaxy_200 \"Ticket Galaxy 200\") | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_300 \"Ford EcoBoost 300\") | | | 43rd | 70 | |\n\n",
"#### Camping World Truck Series\n\n| [NASCAR Camping World Truck Series](/wiki/NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") results\n\n| |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2007](/wiki/2007_NASCAR_Craftsman_Truck_Series \"2007 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series\") | [Xpress Motorsports](/wiki/Xpress_Motorsports \"Xpress Motorsports\") | 16 | [Ford](/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company \"Ford Motor Company\") | [DAY](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_HD_250 \"Chevy Silverado HD 250\") | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\") | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\") | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\") | [CLT](/wiki/Quaker_Steak_and_Lube_200 \"Quaker Steak and Lube 200\") | [MFD](/wiki/Ohio_250 \"Ohio 250\") | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\") | [TEX](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_400 \"Sam's Town 400\") | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_200 \"Michigan 200\") | [MLW](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_Milwaukee_200 \"Toyota Tundra Milwaukee 200\") | [MEM](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Memphis%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Memphis)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\") | [IRP](/wiki/Power_Stroke_Diesel_200 \"Power Stroke Diesel 200\") | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\") | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\") | [GTW](/wiki/Missouri-Illinois_Dodge_Dealers_Ram_Tough_200 \"Missouri-Illinois Dodge Dealers Ram Tough 200\") | [NHA](/wiki/New_Hampshire_200 \"New Hampshire 200\")21 | [LVS](/wiki/Smith%27s_Las_Vegas_350 \"Smith's Las Vegas 350\")29 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")15 | [ATL](/wiki/EasyCare_Vehicle_Service_Contracts_200_%28fall%29 \"EasyCare Vehicle Service Contracts 200 (fall)\")19 | [TEX](/wiki/Silverado_350K \"Silverado 350K\")21 | [PHO](/wiki/Casino_Arizona_150 \"Casino Arizona 150\")18 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")15 | 40th | 727 | |\n| [2008](/wiki/2008_NASCAR_Craftsman_Truck_Series \"2008 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series\") | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_250_%28Daytona%29 \"Chevy Silverado 250 (Daytona)\")9 | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\")23 | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\")17 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\")30 | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\")14 | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\")35 | [MFD](/wiki/Ohio_250 \"Ohio 250\")25 | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\")32 | [TEX](/wiki/Sam%27s_Town_400 \"Sam's Town 400\")13 | [MCH](/wiki/Cool_City_Customs_200 \"Cool City Customs 200\")25 | [MLW](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Sales_200_%28Milwaukee%29 \"Camping World RV Sales 200 (Milwaukee)\")32 | [MEM](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Memphis%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Memphis)\")13 | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\")32 | [IRP](/wiki/Power_Stroke_Diesel_200 \"Power Stroke Diesel 200\")29 | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\")14 | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\")19 | [GTW](/wiki/Camping_World_200_%28Truck_Race%29 \"Camping World 200 (Truck Race)\")14 | [NHA](/wiki/Camping_World_RV_Rental_200 \"Camping World RV Rental 200\")8 | | | | | | | | 16th | 2787 | |\n| [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [LVS](/wiki/Qwik_Liner_Las_Vegas_350 \"Qwik Liner Las Vegas 350\")14 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\")7 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")14 | [ATL](/wiki/E-Z-GO_200_%28fall%29 \"E-Z-GO 200 (fall)\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/Chevy_Silverado_350K \"Chevy Silverado 350K\")9 | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")4 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")2 |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"2009 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") | [DAY](/wiki/NextEra_Energy_Resources_250 \"NextEra Energy Resources 250\")12 | [CAL](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County_200 \"San Bernardino County 200\")29 | [ATL](/wiki/American_Commercial_Lines_200 \"American Commercial Lines 200\")10 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\")8 | [KAN](/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_250 \"O'Reilly Auto Parts 250\")3 | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\")21 | [DOV](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28Dover%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (Dover)\")1 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_400K \"WinStar World Casino 400K\")15 | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_200 \"Michigan 200\")34 | [MLW](/wiki/Copart_200 \"Copart 200\")3 | [MEM](/wiki/MemphisTravel.com_200 \"MemphisTravel.com 200\")2 | [KEN](/wiki/Built_Ford_Tough_225 \"Built Ford Tough 225\")6 | [IRP](/wiki/AAA_Insurance_200_%28LOR%29 \"AAA Insurance 200 (LOR)\")12 | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_Tundra_200 \"Toyota Tundra 200\")2 | [BRI](/wiki/O%27Reilly_200_%28Bristol%29 \"O'Reilly 200 (Bristol)\")5 | [CHI](/wiki/EnjoyIllinois.com_225 \"EnjoyIllinois.com 225\")28 | [IOW](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_200_%28Iowa%29 \"Lucas Oil 200 (Iowa)\")9 | [GTW](/wiki/Copart_200_%28Gateway%29 \"Copart 200 (Gateway)\")3 | [NHA](/wiki/Heluva_Good%21_200_%28Loudon%29 \"Heluva Good! 200 (Loudon)\")7 | [LVS](/wiki/Las_Vegas_350 \"Las Vegas 350\")19 | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")24 | [TAL](/wiki/Mountain_Dew_250 \"Mountain Dew 250\")23 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_350K \"WinStar World Casino 350K\")7 | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")11 | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_200 \"Ford 200\")12 | 7th | 3307 | |\n| [2012](/wiki/2012_NASCAR_Camping_World_Truck_Series \"2012 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series\") | [Kyle Busch Motorsports](/wiki/Kyle_Busch_Motorsports \"Kyle Busch Motorsports\") | 18 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/NextEra_Energy_Resources_250 \"NextEra Energy Resources 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_250 \"Kroger 250\") | [CAR](/wiki/Good_Sam_Roadside_Assistance_Carolina_200 \"Good Sam Roadside Assistance Carolina 200\") | [KAN](/wiki/SFP_250 \"SFP 250\") | [CLT](/wiki/North_Carolina_Education_Lottery_200_%28Charlotte%29 \"North Carolina Education Lottery 200 (Charlotte)\") | [DOV](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_200_%28Dover%29 \"Lucas Oil 200 (Dover)\")13 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_400K \"WinStar World Casino 400K\") | [KEN](/wiki/UNOH_225 \"UNOH 225\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_200 \"American Ethanol 200\") | [CHI](/wiki/American_Ethanol_225 \"American Ethanol 225\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_Mountains_125 \"Pocono Mountains 125\") | [MCH](/wiki/VFW_200 \"VFW 200\") | [BRI](/wiki/UNOH_200 \"UNOH 200\")17 | [ATL](/wiki/Jeff_Foxworthy%27s_Grit_Chips_200 \"Jeff Foxworthy's Grit Chips 200\") | [IOW](/wiki/American_Ethanol_200_%28fall%29 \"American Ethanol 200 (fall)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_201 \"Kentucky 201\")5 | [LVS](/wiki/Smith%27s_350 \"Smith's 350\") | [TAL](/wiki/Fred%27s_250 \"Fred's 250\") | [MAR](/wiki/Kroger_200_%28Martinsville%29 \"Kroger 200 (Martinsville)\")10 | [TEX](/wiki/WinStar_World_Casino_350K \"WinStar World Casino 350K\") | [PHO](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_150 \"Lucas Oil 150\")1\\* | [HOM](/wiki/Ford_EcoBoost_200 \"Ford EcoBoost 200\") | | | | 78th | 0 | |\n\n Season still in progress \n\n Ineligible for series points\n\n",
"### ARCA Re/Max Series\n\n([key](/wiki/Template:NASCAR_driver_results_legend \"NASCAR driver results legend\")) (**Bold** – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. *Italics* – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. \\* – Most laps led.)\n\n| [ARCA Re/Max Series](/wiki/ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"ARCA Re/Max Series\") results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | | Pts | Ref |\n| [2007](/wiki/2007_ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"2007 ARCA Re/Max Series\") | [Country Joe Racing](/wiki/Country_Joe_Racing \"Country Joe Racing\") | 32 | [Dodge](/wiki/Dodge \"Dodge\") | [DAY](/wiki/ARCA_200_at_Daytona \"ARCA 200 at Daytona\") | [USA](/wiki/Construct_Corps-Palm_Beach_Grading_250 \"Construct Corps-Palm Beach Grading 250\") | [NSH](/wiki/Nashville_ARCA_150 \"Nashville ARCA 150\") | [SLM](/wiki/Kentuckiana_Ford_Dealers_200 \"Kentuckiana Ford Dealers 200\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_150_Grand \"Kansas Lottery 150 Grand\") | [WIN](/wiki/Winchester_ARCA_200 \"Winchester ARCA 200\") | [KEN](/wiki/Buckle-Up_Kentucky_150 \"Buckle-Up Kentucky 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Toledo%29%23Spring \"Hantz Group 200 (Toledo)#Spring\") | [IOW](/wiki/Prairie_Meadows_250 \"Prairie Meadows 250\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_200 \"Pocono 200\") | [MCH](/wiki/Michigan_ARCA_200 \"Michigan ARCA 200\") | [BLN](/wiki/Sara_Lee-GFS_200 \"Sara Lee-GFS 200\") | [KEN](/wiki/Channel_5_150 \"Channel 5 150\") | [POC](/wiki/Pennsylvania_200 \"Pennsylvania 200\") | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_ARCA_150 \"Toyota ARCA 150\") | [ISF](/wiki/Allen_Crowe_100 \"Allen Crowe 100\") | [MIL](/wiki/Governor%27s_Cup_200 \"Governor's Cup 200\") | [GTW](/wiki/Gateway_ARCA_150 \"Gateway ARCA 150\") | [DSF](/wiki/Southern_Illinois_100 \"Southern Illinois 100\") | [CHI](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Chicagoland%29 \"Hantz Group 200 (Chicagoland)\") | [SLM](/wiki/Eddie_Gilstrap_Motors_ARCA_Fall_Classic \"Eddie Gilstrap Motors ARCA Fall Classic\") | [TAL](/wiki/ARCA_REMAX_250 \"ARCA REMAX 250\") | [TOL](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Toledo%29%23Fall \"Hantz Group 200 (Toledo)#Fall\") | 98th | 225 | |\n| [2008](/wiki/2008_ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"2008 ARCA Re/Max Series\") | [Bob Schacht](/wiki/Bob_Schacht \"Bob Schacht\") Motorsports | 75 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | [DAY](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Slick_Mist_200 \"Lucas Oil Slick Mist 200\") | [SLM](/wiki/Kentuckiana_Ford_Dealers_200 \"Kentuckiana Ford Dealers 200\") | [IOW](/wiki/Prairie_Meadows_250 \"Prairie Meadows 250\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_%24150_Grand \"Kansas Lottery $150 Grand\") | [CAR](/wiki/Carolina_500_%28ARCA%29 \"Carolina 500 (ARCA)\") | [KEN](/wiki/Drive_Smart%21_150 \"Drive Smart! 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Hantz_Group_200_%28Toledo%29%23Spring \"Hantz Group 200 (Toledo)#Spring\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_200 \"Pocono 200\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25th | 1430 | |\n| [Venturini Motorsports](/wiki/Venturini_Motorsports \"Venturini Motorsports\") | 15 | [Chevy](/wiki/Chevrolet \"Chevrolet\") | | | | | | | | | [MCH](/wiki/Racing_For_Wildlife_200 \"Racing For Wildlife 200\") | [CAY](/wiki/Cayuga_ARCA_RE/MAX_250 \"Cayuga ARCA RE/MAX 250\") | | | | | | | | | | | | | |\n| 25 | | | | | | | | | | | **[KEN](/wiki/Kentucky_150 \"Kentucky 150\")** | [BLN](/wiki/Berlin_ARCA_200 \"Berlin ARCA 200\") | [POC](/wiki/Pennsylvania_200 \"Pennsylvania 200\") | [NSH](/wiki/Toyota_ARCA_150 \"Toyota ARCA 150\") | [ISF](/wiki/Allen_Crowe_100 \"Allen Crowe 100\") | [DSF](/wiki/Southern_Illinois_100 \"Southern Illinois 100\") | [CHI](/wiki/Chicagoland_ARCA_200 \"Chicagoland ARCA 200\") | [SLM](/wiki/Eddie_Gilstrap_Motors_200 \"Eddie Gilstrap Motors 200\") | [NJE](/wiki/Loud_Energy_Drink_150 \"Loud Energy Drink 150\") | [TAL](/wiki/Food_World_250 \"Food World 250\") | [TOL](/wiki/Toledo_ARCA_200%23Fall \"Toledo ARCA 200#Fall\") | | |\n| [2009](/wiki/2009_ARCA_Re/Max_Series \"2009 ARCA Re/Max Series\") | 8 | [Toyota](/wiki/Toyota \"Toyota\") | [DAY](/wiki/Lucas_Oil_Slick_Mist_200 \"Lucas Oil Slick Mist 200\") | [SLM](/wiki/Kentuckiana_Ford_Dealers_200 \"Kentuckiana Ford Dealers 200\") | [CAR](/wiki/ARCA_RE/MAX_Carolina_200 \"ARCA RE/MAX Carolina 200\") | [TAL](/wiki/Talladega_ARCA_250 \"Talladega ARCA 250\") | [KEN](/wiki/Drive_Smart_Buckle-Up_150 \"Drive Smart Buckle-Up 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Toledo_ARCA_200%23Spring \"Toledo ARCA 200#Spring\") | [POC](/wiki/Pocono_ARCA_200 \"Pocono ARCA 200\") | [MCH](/wiki/Racing_For_Wildlife_200 \"Racing For Wildlife 200\") | [MFD](/wiki/Mansfield_ARCA_200 \"Mansfield ARCA 200\") | [IOW](/wiki/Prairie_Meadows_200 \"Prairie Meadows 200\") | [KEN](/wiki/Drive_Smart_Buckle-Up_150 \"Drive Smart Buckle-Up 150\") | [BLN](/wiki/Berlin_ARCA_200 \"Berlin ARCA 200\") | [POC](/wiki/Pennsylvania_200 \"Pennsylvania 200\") | [ISF](/wiki/Allen_Crowe_100 \"Allen Crowe 100\") | [CHI](/wiki/Chicagoland_ARCA_150 \"Chicagoland ARCA 150\") | [TOL](/wiki/Toledo_ARCA_200%23Fall \"Toledo ARCA 200#Fall\") | [DSF](/wiki/Southern_Illinois_100 \"Southern Illinois 100\") | [NJE](/wiki/ARCA_150 \"ARCA 150\") | [SLM](/wiki/ARCA_Fall_Classic \"ARCA Fall Classic\") | [KAN](/wiki/Kansas_Lottery_150_Grand \"Kansas Lottery 150 Grand\") | [CAR](/wiki/Rockingham_ARCA_200 \"Rockingham ARCA 200\") | | | 149th | 80 | |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:1988 births](/wiki/Category:1988_births \"1988 births\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Boise, Idaho](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Boise%2C_Idaho \"Sportspeople from Boise, Idaho\")\n[Category:Racing drivers from Idaho](/wiki/Category:Racing_drivers_from_Idaho \"Racing drivers from Idaho\")\n[Category:NASCAR drivers](/wiki/Category:NASCAR_drivers \"NASCAR drivers\")\n[Category:ARCA Menards Series drivers](/wiki/Category:ARCA_Menards_Series_drivers \"ARCA Menards Series drivers\")\n[Category:CARS Tour drivers](/wiki/Category:CARS_Tour_drivers \"CARS Tour drivers\")\n[Category:Joe Gibbs Racing drivers](/wiki/Category:Joe_Gibbs_Racing_drivers \"Joe Gibbs Racing drivers\")\n[Category:Richard Childress Racing drivers](/wiki/Category:Richard_Childress_Racing_drivers \"Richard Childress Racing drivers\")\n[Category:Kyle Busch Motorsports drivers](/wiki/Category:Kyle_Busch_Motorsports_drivers \"Kyle Busch Motorsports drivers\")\n\n"
]
} |
Battle of Coire Na Creiche | {
"id": [
4497767
],
"name": [
"Ealdgyth"
]
} | lsu7ix8p141kzc82sk90ucwui39rtqs | 2024-06-27T14:32:17Z | 1,217,629,229 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Background",
"Carinish",
"Final battle at Coire na Creiche",
"Aftermath",
"In popular culture",
"References",
"Bibliography"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Battle of Coire na Creiche** (**Battle of Benquhillan**) was a [Scottish clan](/wiki/Scottish_clan \"Scottish clan\") battle fought on the [Isle of Skye](/wiki/Isle_of_Skye \"Isle of Skye\") in 1601\\. It was the culmination of a year of feuding between [Clan MacLeod](/wiki/Clan_MacLeod \"Clan MacLeod\") of Dunvegan and the [Clan MacDonald of Sleat](/wiki/Clan_MacDonald_of_Sleat \"Clan MacDonald of Sleat\"), that ended with a MacDonald victory in [Coire na Creiche](/wiki/Fairy_Pools \"Fairy Pools\") on the northern slopes of the [Cuillin](/wiki/Cuillin \"Cuillin\") hills. It was the last clan battle in Skye.\n\n",
"Background\n----------\n\nThe Macleod and MacDonald Clans had been long at feud. Rory Mòr MacLeod (*Ruaraidh MacLeòid*) attempted to make peace, offering the hand of his sister, Margaret Macleod, in marriage to Donald Gorm Mòr MacDonald (*Dòmhnall Gorm Mòr MacDhòmhnall*). The marriage itself was subject to a contract called a [handfast](/wiki/Handfasting%23Early_modern_Scotland \"Handfasting#Early modern Scotland\"). In a handfast arrangement, a man and woman lived together as man and wife for up to a year and a day. If, during this period, the woman bore a male child to be heir, then marriage would result. If not, then both parties returned to their respective families.\n\nAfter a year and a day, Margaret MacLeod had not borne a child, male or female. Furthermore, at some point during this year, she had lost the sight in one eye. Donald MacDonald, having no further use for Margaret MacLeod, decided to send her back to her brother. He tied her, facing backwards, onto a one\\-eyed horse, led by a one\\-eyed servant and followed by a one\\-eyed mongrel dog, and sent all four back to Dunvegan Castle. Rory MacLeod, incensed by the insult to his sister, and ultimately to himself and his clan, once again declared war on the clan MacDonald. He devastated the [Trotternish](/wiki/Trotternish \"Trotternish\") peninsula in the north of Skye, which prompted MacDonald to attack MacLeod land in [Harris](/wiki/Harris%2C_Outer_Hebrides \"Harris, Outer Hebrides\"). These battles became known as the Wars of the One\\-Eyed Woman.\n\n",
"Carinish\n--------\n\nMacLeod responded with a raid on [North Uist](/wiki/North_Uist \"North Uist\"), sending 40 men under his cousin Donald Glas MacLeod to seize goods that the locals had put for safety in the Trinity Temple at [Carinish](/wiki/Carinish \"Carinish\"). As the raiders ate breakfast in the church, they were surprised by twelve MacDonalds led by Donald MacIain 'ic Sheumais (*Donald, son of John, son of James*) of [Clan Ranald](/wiki/Clan_Ranald \"Clan Ranald\"), who led the MacLeods into an ambush. Only two MacLeods survived the [Battle of Carinish](/wiki/Battle_of_Carinish \"Battle of Carinish\"); Donald MacLeod was among the dead.\n\nOn his way back to Skye to report his victory, a storm forced Donald MacIain 'ic Sheumais to seek shelter at [Rodel](/wiki/Rodel \"Rodel\") in Harris. He was entertained there by Rory MacLeod, even after Rory learned the identity of his guests. However the MacDonalds wisely left secretly during the night; before dawn, MacLeod clansmen set fire to their quarters without the knowledge of their chief.\n\n",
"Final battle at Coire na Creiche\n--------------------------------\n\nThe feud continued to escalate, causing much suffering among the people. MacDonald decided to end it with a decisive battle. When Rory MacLeod went to seek the assistance of [Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll](/wiki/Archibald_Campbell%2C_7th_Earl_of_Argyll \"Archibald Campbell, 7th Earl of Argyll\"), MacDonald took the opportunity to launch an all\\-out invasion of northern Skye. The cattle seized in this attack were driven south to a traditional refuge for raiders, the Coire na Creiche () overlooking Glen Brittle below [Bruach na Frìthe](/wiki/Bruach_na_Fr%C3%ACthe \"Bruach na Frìthe\").\n\nHere the MacLeod forces led by Rory's brother Alasdair caught up with the MacDonalds. They joined battle late in the day and continued well into the night. The MacLeods were utterly defeated, with the capture of Alasdair MacLeod and 30 of his kinsmen.\n\n",
"Aftermath\n---------\n\nThe [Privy Council](/wiki/Privy_Council \"Privy Council\") now intervened to end the feud. MacDonald was ordered to surrender himself to [George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly](/wiki/George_Gordon%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Huntly \"George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly\"), and Rory MacLeod was to surrender to the Earl of Argyll. MacDonald agreed to release his prisoners, and the end of the feud was celebrated with three weeks of feasting and festivities at [Dunvegan Castle](/wiki/Dunvegan_Castle \"Dunvegan Castle\"). Aside from a brief flare\\-up in 1603, that was the end of violence between the two clans.\n\n",
"In popular culture\n------------------\n\nThe events are the subject of a comic folk song by Glasgow folk singer Matt McGinn. The song is called The One\\-Eyed Woman.\n\nAlso referenced in Season 1, Episode 3 of the Amazon series Good Omens.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n* Seems largely based on the account in *Conflicts of the Clans*.\n\n[Category:1601 in Scotland](/wiki/Category:1601_in_Scotland \"1601 in Scotland\")\n[Category:17th\\-century Scottish clan battles](/wiki/Category:17th-century_Scottish_clan_battles \"17th-century Scottish clan battles\")\n[Category:Clan Donald](/wiki/Category:Clan_Donald \"Clan Donald\")\n[Category:Clan Macleod battles](/wiki/Category:Clan_Macleod_battles \"Clan Macleod battles\")\n[Category:Conflicts in 1601](/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1601 \"Conflicts in 1601\")\n[Category:Isle of Skye](/wiki/Category:Isle_of_Skye \"Isle of Skye\")\n\n"
]
} |
One of Us, One of Them | {
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
} | 9ktdqtzot10i1vu8flop8bqq650vpa1 | 2024-04-05T14:04:43Z | 1,216,926,701 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Plot",
"Critical reception",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + - * + - * + - * + - * + - \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"**One of Us, One of Them**\" is the third episode of the third season of the [NBC](/wiki/NBC \"NBC\") [superhero](/wiki/Superhero_fiction \"Superhero fiction\") [drama](/wiki/Drama \"Drama\") series *[Heroes](/wiki/Heroes_%28U.S._TV_series%29 \"Heroes (U.S. TV series)\")* and thirty\\-seventh episode overall. It was written by [Joe Pokaski](/wiki/Joe_Pokaski \"Joe Pokaski\") and directed by Sergio Mimica\\-Gezzan. The episode aired on September 29, 2008\\.\n",
"Plot\n----\n\nTracy travels to New Orleans to learn more about Niki Sanders. At the funeral, she meets Niki's now\\-orphaned son [Micah.](/wiki/Micah_Sanders \"Micah Sanders\") Micah discovers that Tracy and Niki were born on the same day, in the same hospital and with the same doctor: a man named Zimmerman. Tracy leaves to meet Zimmerman and find out more about her origin.\n\nKnox, Flint, and The German, rob a bank as Present Peter does his best to keep peace. When Bennet and Sylar arrive at the bank, Future Peter freezes time and leaves with Present Peter. Sylar uses his telekinesis to stop Knox from punching Bennet. Bennet arrests Flint and walks out of the bank. Sylar gives in to his \"hunger\" and locks all the doors so he can kill Jesse. Knox takes the opportunity to escape.\n\n[Hiro](/wiki/Hiro_Nakamura \"Hiro Nakamura\") and [Ando](/wiki/Ando_Masahashi \"Ando Masahashi\") have a run\\-in with [the Haitian](/wiki/Haitian_%28Heroes%29 \"Haitian (Heroes)\") while following [Daphne](/wiki/Daphne_Millbrook \"Daphne Millbrook\"). They knock the Haitian out and get the formula, but Daphne manages to steal it from them. Hiro and Ando are arrested and taken to Level 2 in the Company.\n\nIn Africa, Matt Parkman continues his visit with the strange native who has precognitive painting powers, similar to those of Isaac Mendez.\n\nTracy visits Zimmerman at his home in California, where he tells her he created her.\n\n",
"Critical reception\n------------------\n\nSean O'Neal of *[The A.V. Club](/wiki/The_A.V._Club \"The A.V. Club\")* rated this episode a D.\n\nRobert Canning of [IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\") gave the episode 7\\.6 out of 10\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Beaming Beeman \\- Season 3, Episode 3](http://gregbeeman.blogspot.com/2008/09/beemans-blog-season-3-episode-3.html) \\- Director's blog on the filming of this episode\n\n[Category:Heroes season 3 episodes](/wiki/Category:Heroes_season_3_episodes \"Heroes season 3 episodes\")\n[Category:2008 American television episodes](/wiki/Category:2008_American_television_episodes \"2008 American television episodes\")\n\n"
]
} |
Wólka, Suwałki County | {
"id": [
7852030
],
"name": [
"Materialscientist"
]
} | csgbx3r2e6zagwfojnhl4480muyrwjx | 2023-09-29T06:16:55Z | 1,175,699,046 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Wólka** is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in the administrative district of [Gmina Bakałarzewo](/wiki/Gmina_Baka%C5%82arzewo \"Gmina Bakałarzewo\"), within [Suwałki County](/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_County \"Suwałki County\"), [Podlaskie Voivodeship](/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship \"Podlaskie Voivodeship\"), in north\\-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south\\-east of [Bakałarzewo](/wiki/Baka%C5%82arzewo \"Bakałarzewo\"), west of [Suwałki](/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki \"Suwałki\"), and north of the regional capital [Białystok](/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok \"Białystok\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Suwałki County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Suwa%C5%82ki_County \"Villages in Suwałki County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Ishar Singh (poet) | {
"id": [
44229508
],
"name": [
"Apandeyhp89"
]
} | gz7shy0njuyosq7txs8qhk4ugrky3d6 | 2024-03-22T00:11:12Z | 1,151,064,260 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Early life and career",
"Poems",
"Further background",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|250px\\|right\\|Ishar Singh 'Ishar' Bhaiya (1892\\-1966\\)](/wiki/Image:Isharsinghbhaiyasitting.jpg \"Isharsinghbhaiyasitting.jpg\")\n**Ishar Singh ‘Ishar’** (1892–1966\\) was one of the most renowned [Punjabi](/wiki/Punjabi_culture \"Punjabi culture\") humorous poets of the 20th century.\n\nHis poems centred on his comic creation ‘Bhaiya’, who was used as a vehicle for biting satirical comment on all aspects of [Indian](/wiki/India \"India\") society and culture. Ishar Singh's compositions were delivered in his native language – the particular form of Punjabi spoken in the [Potwar](/wiki/Potwar \"Potwar\") region, which is now part of [Pakistan](/wiki/Pakistan \"Pakistan\"). A tall, bespectacled [Sikh](/wiki/Sikh \"Sikh\"), he published at least 12 poetic collections involving Bhaiya. But he lived in a time and place where culture was primarily transmitted by oral means, and where poetry was one of the chief forms of public entertainment. So it was in the mass public recitals – or ‘kavi darbars’ – that his works were most keenly and widely appreciated.\n\n",
"Early life and career\n---------------------\n\nIshar Singh was born on 12 December 1892 in Kaneti, near [Rawalpindi](/wiki/Rawalpindi \"Rawalpindi\"), in the Potwar plateau of the [Punjab](/wiki/Punjab_region \"Punjab region\"). The area was then part of British India, but is now in Pakistan. \n\nHe was the younger of two sons of Dhera Singh 'Shah', a wealthy money lender. But he showed no interest in money himself, instead displaying a prodigious early aptitude for poetry while studying at Sukho Khalsa High School. He was aged just 13 when his first poetic collection, *Naurangiya Alum*, was published locally by his headmaster.From \"Kuch Apne Walon\" (01/07/1955\\), p.95 in *Bhaiya Ishar Singh Ishar di Kavita*(1992\\), At 16 he moved to study at the prestigious Khalsa College in [Amritsar](/wiki/Amritsar \"Amritsar\"), where he recited his religious poems every week in the [gurdwaras](/wiki/Gurdwara \"Gurdwara\") of [Sikhism](/wiki/Sikhism \"Sikhism\")'s holiest city. \n\nHe was married at 17 and moved to [Karachi](/wiki/Karachi \"Karachi\") three years later to take his first job, a clerical role in the Post Office. This marked the beginning of a long career in the service, which he would combine with his ever burgeoning literary success.\nFrom Karachi he transferred to [Lahore](/wiki/Lahore \"Lahore\"), considered the hub of Punjabi poetry, before moving on to work as a postmaster in his home district of Rawalpindi.Oral recollection by his only surviving son, Hardev Singh (July 2008\\) \n\nAll the while he wrote poetry in his spare time, publishing his works in local journals and reading them out at public functions. These earlier compositions were serious in tone, usually on religious matters. He also composed romantic and melancholic works, which he was to later look back on with embarrassment.From \"Kuch Apne Walon\", p.96 in *Bhaiya Ishar Singh Ishar di Kavita* \n\nIt was not until 1928 that he finally realised his true talent – which was to make people laugh. It was in that year that he entered a competition held by Charan Singh Shahid, editor of the weekly satirical journal Mauji, inviting humorous poems on the subject of *Fashiondaar Vauti* (Fashionable Wife). Ishar Singh beat 69 other entrants \\- many of greater fame \\- to the first prize of two sovereigns.p.96, ibid The award marked a turning point in his life, highlighting fresh possibilities beyond the Post Office, and from then onwards his poems always looked to the lighter side of life.\n\n",
"Poems\n-----\n\nAlthough intended to create laughter, Ishar Singh's compositions were not simply a form of idle and frivolous entertainment. Rather, they were intended as a satire on common social, cultural and religious values.\n\nIshar Singh used his piercing wit to puncture the pomposity of the rich and powerful, and to expose popular prejudices and injustices, many of which had been entrenched in the Indian psyche for centuries.\n[thumb\\|200px\\|right\\|Ishar Singh in caricature on the front cover of *Dhesh Bhagat Bhaiya*](/wiki/Image:Dheshbhagatbhaiya.jpg \"Dheshbhagatbhaiya.jpg\")\nHis acute observations touched on every aspect of life, from the minutiae of family relationships to matters of grand theology. No subject was taboo for him, and many of his pronouncements might be considered too close to the bone in today's more politically correct age.\n\nHis creation ‘Bhaiya’ was the medium through which Ishar Singh attacked the various hypocrisies, superstitions and other absurdities he observed around him. Bhaiya was used in various guises \\- sometimes as himself, sometimes as his father or any other character \\- depending on the subject matter.\n\nIn total, Ishar Singh is thought to have composed over 2,500 poems, of which several hundred featured in 12 published collections: *Bhaiya*; *Rangila Bhaiya*; *Nirala Bhaiya*; *Nava Bhaiya*; *Gurmukh Bhaiya*; *Bhaiya Tilak Piya*; *Bhaiya Vaid Rogian Da*; *Premi Bhaiya*; *Desh Bhagat Bhaiya*; *Mastana Bhaiya*; *Hansmukh Bhaiya* and *Oncemore Bhaiya*. \n\nAlthough many of the poems in these books were written years, or even decades, earlier, most were not published until the last few years of his life. Indeed, it was only after retiring from the Post office in 1954 that Ishar Singh attained truly widespread fame. \n\nAs late as 1955, when he had already published five books, he complained that his works were being denied a proper audience. He described how he had even been forcefully quietened in gurdwaras for reciting poems that were considered inappropriate in a holy setting.pp.96\\-97, ibid\nBut it was in the same year that he made his ultimate breakthrough, when his poem *Mera Marna* (My Death) gained an audience on [All India Radio](/wiki/All_India_Radio \"All India Radio\"). It caused an overnight sensation, and was quickly followed by *Mera Jamna* (My Birth).Oral recollection by Hardev Singh \n\nIn the later years of his life, tens of thousands of people would turn up to his performances at kavi darbars, where he was usually the final \\- and most popular \\- act on the stage. He was in huge demand to speak at weddings and parties, but would never charge for his appearances. He had no need to, as audience members showered him with money and other gifts. \n\n[thumb\\|300px\\|right\\|Ishar Singh reciting his poetry in Kenya in 1959](/wiki/Image:Isharsinghbhaiyastanding.jpg \"Isharsinghbhaiyastanding.jpg\")\nOne of his chief patrons was the Maharajah of Patiala [Yadavindra Singh](/wiki/Yadavindra_Singh \"Yadavindra Singh\"), but his poems were appreciated by a wide strata of society, and he was always at pains to retain the common touch. For although he was a well\\-read man whose poems displayed his full learning and erudition, they were always written in the earthy language of the Punjab. \n\nBut while the language was often plain and somewhat rustic, there was a keen art behind the poetry, which employed carefully structured meter and rhyme. Many of his poems were delivered in rhyming couplets, while others used varying combinations of rhyming lines. \n\nIt was through this mix of tight rhythmic structure, straightforward humour and \\- above all \\- fearless commentary, that Ishar Singh was eventually acknowledged in the field of Punjabi poetry as the 'Has Ras de Badshah' (King of Humour). \n\nHe was handed this title by the Chief Minister of the Punjab, [Pratap Singh Kairon](/wiki/Pratap_Singh_Kairon \"Pratap Singh Kairon\"), when he first read out *Mera Marna* on All India Radio. But it was a reputation he truly earned among his rivals after they set him the daunting challenge of turning his poetic wit to the most sombre event in Sikh history – the martyrdom of [Guru Tegh Bahadur](/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur \"Guru Tegh Bahadur\"). In 1675, the religion's ninth founding Guru was publicly executed in the main thoroughfare in [Delhi](/wiki/Delhi \"Delhi\") – at the behest of the [Mughal](/wiki/Mughal_Empire \"Mughal Empire\") Emperor [Aurangzeb](/wiki/Aurangzeb \"Aurangzeb\") \\- for refusing to convert to [Islam](/wiki/Islam \"Islam\"). \n\nOn the anniversary of the martyrdom nearly 300 years later, Ishar Singh rose to the challenge, and delivered his poem to a serious\\-minded audience in a Delhi maidan. Moments later, the audience was reportedly rolling around in amusement.Oral recollection by his grandson Daljit Singh (July 2008\\) In a delicate balancing act of tone and judgement, Ishar Singh lampooned the brutal and bloody intolerance of the Islamic rulers, while venerating the sanctity of the Guru's ultimate sacrifice. Many observers considered this his finest work.\n\n",
"Further background\n------------------\n\nAlthough his family name was Chandhoke, he employed the common poetic construction of using his first name as a suffixed pen name. Thus he was known as Ishar Singh ‘Ishar’. In practice, however, he came to be so closely identified with his best known comic creation that the name ‘Bhaiya’ was usually tagged to the end of his full title. \n\nHe was married to Sita Wanti (died 1975\\), and had five sons and three daughters, who were all born in the Rawalpindi district.\n[thumb\\|200px\\|right\\|His son Narinjan Singh 'Narinjan'](/wiki/Image:Narinjansinghstanding.jpg \"Narinjansinghstanding.jpg\")\nIn 1946, a year before the [Partition of India](/wiki/Partition_of_India \"Partition of India\") created Muslim Pakistan, the entire family – by this time including grandchildren – moved over to live in Delhi, which would soon become capital of the new [Hindu](/wiki/Hindu \"Hindu\")\\-majority [India](/wiki/India \"India\"). \n\nIshar Singh transferred to the Post Office in [Shimla](/wiki/Shimla \"Shimla\") in 1949, before retiring back to Delhi in 1954\\. He was to spend the rest of his days in the city, where he died of a heart attack on 15 January 1966, at the age of 73\\. The circumstances of his death were almost identical to those he described years earlier in *Mera Marna*. \n\nAs a man, he paid little respect to the standing and reputation of others. He would keep ministers of state waiting if he felt too tired to see them at social gatherings, while he was known to ridicule the hosts of the very events he was speaking at. \n\nEven those who knew him best said it was difficult to get too close, as he was so entirely absorbed in his writings. His relatives recall how on one occasion, while staying with his son in [Kenya](/wiki/Kenya \"Kenya\") in 1959, he journeyed to a park to work on his poetry. He removed his turban, jacket and shoes, and placed them beside him on a bench, before immersing himself in his notebook. It was only when he stopped writing, several hours later, that he noticed his clothing had been stolen. And when his son subsequently took him to report the theft at the police station, Ishar Singh could not even recall the colour of his own turban, jacket and shoes \\- such had been his dedication to his art that morning.Oral recollection by his grandson Kultaran Singh (July 2008\\) \n\nSeveral of his descendants became well known in their own right. His eldest son, Hardit Singh (1919–1993\\), set up the successful Delhi\\-based firm Ditz Electricals, which still manufactures and supplies household appliances around India to this day. \n\nIshar Singh's second son, Narinjan Singh ‘Narinjan’ (1921–1991\\), was the only one of his children to carry on the family poetic tradition. Narinjan Singh regularly recited his own compositions \\- as well as those of his father \\- at social gatherings and kavi darbars, first in Delhi, then in [Nairobi](/wiki/Nairobi \"Nairobi\") where he later moved, and finally, towards the end of his life, when he lived in [Derby](/wiki/Derby \"Derby\") in the UK.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1892 births](/wiki/Category:1892_births \"1892 births\")\n[Category:1966 deaths](/wiki/Category:1966_deaths \"1966 deaths\")\n[Category:Punjabi\\-language poets](/wiki/Category:Punjabi-language_poets \"Punjabi-language poets\")\n[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)](/wiki/Category:People_from_Punjab_Province_%28British_India%29 \"People from Punjab Province (British India)\")\n\n"
]
} |
Arthur Morris (U.S. Army officer) | {
"id": [
125972
],
"name": [
"Rodw"
]
} | fut0oiq00ckl5hakhv9la1b8mnszo6g | 2023-10-29T20:22:29Z | 1,116,267,427 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Notes"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n* + \n\t**Arthur Morris** (9 November 1843 – 26 September 1892\\) was an officer in the [United States Army](/wiki/United_States_Army \"United States Army\") who served as the ninth commander of the [Department of Alaska](/wiki/Department_of_Alaska \"Department of Alaska\"), from March 5, 1877, to June 14, 1877\\.\n\nMorris was commissioned as a [second lieutenant](/wiki/Second_lieutenant \"Second lieutenant\") of the [4th Artillery Regiment](/wiki/4th_Air_Defense_Artillery_Regiment_%28United_States%29 \"4th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (United States)\") in March 1862\\. He received two [brevets](/wiki/Brevet_%28military%29 \"Brevet (military)\") for gallantry and meritorious service at the [Battles of White Oak Swamp](/wiki/Battle_of_White_Oak_Swamp \"Battle of White Oak Swamp\") and [Antietam](/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam \"Battle of Antietam\"), and was promoted to [first lieutenant](/wiki/First_lieutenant \"First lieutenant\") in November 1863\\.\n\nMorris was promoted to [captain](/wiki/Captain_%28United_States_O-3%29 \"Captain (United States O-3)\") in January 1877, and was the last Army officer to command the [Department of Alaska](/wiki/Department_of_Alaska \"Department of Alaska\"). He retired in October 1887, and received a [brevet promotion](/wiki/Brevet_%28military%29 \"Brevet (military)\") to [major](/wiki/Major_%28rank%29 \"Major (rank)\") in February 1890\\.[Historical Register and Dictionary of the US Army](https://archive.org/stream/historicalregist01heitrich#page/726/mode/2up)\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:Commanders of the Department of Alaska](/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_Department_of_Alaska \"Commanders of the Department of Alaska\")\n[Category:1843 births](/wiki/Category:1843_births \"1843 births\")\n[Category:1892 deaths](/wiki/Category:1892_deaths \"1892 deaths\")\n[Category:19th\\-century American politicians](/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_politicians \"19th-century American politicians\")\n\n"
]
} |
MidWestOne Financial Group | {
"id": [
43857199
],
"name": [
"Zodiac009"
]
} | kxpkcam1zfjbm957z0tm1s0cpkmqqvd | 2024-09-27T11:18:15Z | 1,228,414,626 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc.** is a [bank holding company](/wiki/Bank_holding_company \"Bank holding company\") headquartered in [Iowa City, Iowa](/wiki/Iowa_City%2C_Iowa \"Iowa City, Iowa\"). The bank operates 56 [branches](/wiki/Branch_%28banking%29 \"Branch (banking)\"). It is the 3rd largest bank headquartered in Iowa. It operates in [Iowa](/wiki/Iowa \"Iowa\"), [Minnesota](/wiki/Minnesota \"Minnesota\"), [Wisconsin](/wiki/Wisconsin \"Wisconsin\"), [Colorado](/wiki/Colorado \"Colorado\"), and [Florida](/wiki/Florida \"Florida\").\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe subsidiary bank was formed in 1934 as the Iowa State Bank \\& Trust Company in [Iowa City, Iowa](/wiki/Iowa_City%2C_Iowa \"Iowa City, Iowa\") by Ben S. Summerwill.\n\nIn 1983, ISB Financial Corp. was established as a closely held bank holding company for Iowa State Bank \\& Trust Company.\n\nIn March 2008, ISB Financial Corp. merged with MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. and took MidWestOne Financial Group, Inc. as the name of the company.\n\nIn April 2011, then\\-chairman W. Richard Summerwill retired.\n\nIn May 2015, the bank acquired Central Bancshares of [Golden Valley, Minnesota](/wiki/Golden_Valley%2C_Minnesota \"Golden Valley, Minnesota\") for $134 million in cash and stock.\n\nIn 2017, the bank opened its first branch in [Denver, Colorado](/wiki/Denver%2C_Colorado \"Denver, Colorado\").\n\nIn June 2018, Barry S. Ray was hired as the Chief Financial Officer.\n\nIn November 2022, Charles N. Reeves was hired as the Chief Executive Officer.\n\n \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Banks based in Iowa](/wiki/Category:Banks_based_in_Iowa \"Banks based in Iowa\")\n[Category:American companies established in 1983](/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1983 \"American companies established in 1983\")\n[Category:Banks established in 1983](/wiki/Category:Banks_established_in_1983 \"Banks established in 1983\")\n[Category:Companies listed on the Nasdaq](/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_Nasdaq \"Companies listed on the Nasdaq\")\n[Category:1983 establishments in Iowa](/wiki/Category:1983_establishments_in_Iowa \"1983 establishments in Iowa\")\n\n"
]
} |
Şıxalıağalı | {
"id": [
32675569
],
"name": [
"Rəcəb Yaxşı"
]
} | etylm47jkox1140akv6vuvvon1arj58 | 2024-02-06T08:13:08Z | 1,039,325,808 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Şıxalıağalı** (also, **Shykhaliagaly**, **Shakhali\\-agalu**, and **Shikhaly\\-Agaly**) is a village in the [Jabrayil Rayon](/wiki/Jabrayil_Rayon \"Jabrayil Rayon\") of [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan \"Azerbaijan\"). It is uninhabited due to the [2020 Nagorno\\-Karabakh war](/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_war \"2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Populated places in Jabrayil District](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Jabrayil_District \"Populated places in Jabrayil District\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Şıxlar, Jalilabad | {
"id": [
27446209
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot"
]
} | 3d9h0g8zes11vipwm8u55vgx25wir7b | 2017-03-20T09:09:09Z | 545,395,614 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Şıxlar** (also, **Shykhlyar** and **Shikhlyar**) is a village and municipality in the [Jalilabad Rayon](/wiki/Jalilabad_Rayon \"Jalilabad Rayon\") of [Azerbaijan](/wiki/Azerbaijan \"Azerbaijan\"). It has a population of 508\\. \n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Populated places in Jalilabad District (Azerbaijan)](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Jalilabad_District_%28Azerbaijan%29 \"Populated places in Jalilabad District (Azerbaijan)\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Aenictopecheidae | {
"id": [
792078
],
"name": [
"Kevmin"
]
} | a4mjkgfii6yasuts8rnktgrz2rf82iu | 2022-07-20T16:28:56Z | 1,009,206,758 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Genera",
"Notes"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Aenictopecheidae** is a rare family of [insects](/wiki/Insect \"Insect\") occurring worldwide but containing only a few species, including a single American species, *Boreostolus americanus*. This species lives under large, flat stones and sandy substrates along mountain streams in Oregon, Washington, and Colorado. It is 5 mm long and occurs in both the [macropterous](/wiki/Macropterous \"Macropterous\") and [brachypterous](/wiki/Brachypterous \"Brachypterous\") condition. It is assumed to be predaceous.Triplehorn, C. and Johnson, N.: \"Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Ed.\", page 288\\. Brooks/Cole, 2005\\.\n\n",
"Genera\n------\n\n* *[Aenictocoris](/wiki/Aenictocoris \"Aenictocoris\")* \n* *[Aenictopechys](/wiki/Aenictopechys \"Aenictopechys\")* \n* *[Australostolus](/wiki/Australostolus \"Australostolus\")* \n* *[Boreostolus](/wiki/Boreostolus \"Boreostolus\")* \n* †*[Cretocephalus](/wiki/Cretocephalus \"Cretocephalus\")* ([Cenomanian](/wiki/Cenomanian \"Cenomanian\"), [Burmese Amber](/wiki/Burmese_Amber \"Burmese Amber\"), Myanmar)\n* *[Gamostolus](/wiki/Gamostolus \"Gamostolus\")* \n* *[Lomagostus](/wiki/Lomagostus \"Lomagostus\")* \n* *[Maoristolus](/wiki/Maoristolus \"Maoristolus\")* \n* *[Murphyanella](/wiki/Murphyanella \"Murphyanella\")* \n* *[Nymphocoris](/wiki/Nymphocoris \"Nymphocoris\")* \n* *[Timahocoris](/wiki/Timahocoris \"Timahocoris\")* \n* *[Tornocrusus](/wiki/Tornocrusus \"Tornocrusus\")* \n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n[Category:Enicocephalomorpha](/wiki/Category:Enicocephalomorpha \"Enicocephalomorpha\")\n[Category:Heteroptera families](/wiki/Category:Heteroptera_families \"Heteroptera families\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Vasily Mosin | {
"id": [
9021902
],
"name": [
"FrescoBot"
]
} | hy7b6gi83xj9l4w3c45doywtfcvg2h4 | 2024-05-24T01:09:25Z | 1,215,702,433 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Vasily Alexandrovich Mosin** (; born 9 May 1972, in [Kazan](/wiki/Kazan \"Kazan\")) is a Russian [sport shooter](/wiki/Shooting_sports \"Shooting sports\") who specializes in the [double trap](/wiki/Double_trap \"Double trap\").\n\nAt the [2004 Olympic Games](/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics \"Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics\") he finished in nineteenth place in the [double trap](/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_-_Men%27s_double_trap \"Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics - Men's double trap\") qualification, missing out on a place among the top six, who progressed to the final round.\n\nHe then finished third at the 2005 European Championships and won the 2006 European Championships. At the [2008 Olympic Games](/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics \"Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics\") he finished in fourteenth place in the [double trap](/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_double_trap \"Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's double trap\") qualification, missing a place among the top six, who progressed to the final round.\n[alt\\=Mosin (right)\\|thumb\\|**Shaimiev ([president of Tatarstan](/wiki/President_of_Tatarstan \"President of Tatarstan\")) with Russian Olympic Team (2008\\)**](/wiki/File:Shaimiev_with_Russian_Olympic_Team_%282008-08-29%29_28.jpg \"Shaimiev with Russian Olympic Team (2008-08-29) 28.jpg\")\nIn the [2012 Olympics](/wiki/2012_Olympics \"2012 Olympics\"), he finished third in [double trap](/wiki/Shooting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_double_trap \"Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's double trap\"), earning a bronze medal.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n* [Profile](https://web.archive.org/web/20080903152427/http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/BIO/Athlete/6/200106.shtml)\n\n[Category:1972 births](/wiki/Category:1972_births \"1972 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Russian male sport shooters](/wiki/Category:Russian_male_sport_shooters \"Russian male sport shooters\")\n[Category:Shooters at the 2004 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Shooters_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics \"Shooters at the 2004 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Shooters at the 2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Shooters_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics \"Shooters at the 2008 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Shooters at the 2012 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Shooters_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics \"Shooters at the 2012 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Shooters_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics \"Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Olympic shooters for Russia](/wiki/Category:Olympic_shooters_for_Russia \"Olympic shooters for Russia\")\n[Category:Trap and double trap shooters](/wiki/Category:Trap_and_double_trap_shooters \"Trap and double trap shooters\")\n[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Russia](/wiki/Category:Olympic_bronze_medalists_for_Russia \"Olympic bronze medalists for Russia\")\n[Category:Olympic medalists in shooting](/wiki/Category:Olympic_medalists_in_shooting \"Olympic medalists in shooting\")\n[Category:Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Medalists_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics \"Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Shooters at the 2015 European Games](/wiki/Category:Shooters_at_the_2015_European_Games \"Shooters at the 2015 European Games\")\n[Category:European Games competitors for Russia](/wiki/Category:European_Games_competitors_for_Russia \"European Games competitors for Russia\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Kazan](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Kazan \"Sportspeople from Kazan\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Kirklees College | {
"id": [
1934926
],
"name": [
"Kenneth Shabby"
]
} | hslete9jpvnd5eje3pty6asm4w7nrpz | 2024-08-14T12:34:40Z | 1,240,261,286 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Former colleges",
"Sites",
"Dewsbury",
"Huddersfield",
"Accreditation",
"Legal action",
"Alumni",
"Batley School of Art",
"Huddersfield Technical College",
"Dewsbury College",
"Wheelwright Grammar School for Boys",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|Kirklees College in 2015](/wiki/File:Kirklees_College_%2822488457527%29.jpg \"Kirklees College (22488457527).jpg\")\n**Kirklees College** is a [further education](/wiki/Further_education \"Further education\") college with two main centres in the towns of [Dewsbury](/wiki/Dewsbury \"Dewsbury\") and [Huddersfield](/wiki/Huddersfield \"Huddersfield\") in [West Yorkshire](/wiki/West_Yorkshire \"West Yorkshire\"), England.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nThe college was formed on 1 August 2008 after the Dewsbury College Dissolution order approved that the corporation of Dewsbury College be dissolved and all its property, rights and liabilities transferred to Huddersfield Technical College. On 1 August 2008 Huddersfield Technical College changed its name to Kirklees College.\n\n### Former colleges\n\nPart of Dewsbury College is the former **Wheelwright Grammar School for Boys**. It had around 450 boys in the 1960s and was administered by the County Borough of Dewsbury Education Committee.\n\nThe Batley School of Art[Batley School of Art](http://wildyorkshire.blog/2019/07/batley-school-of-art/), Wild Yorkshire, July 2017\\. moved to the Wheelwright Grammar School site on Birkdale Road. In addition to arts courses, Batley School of Art was also home to sports and fitness courses, due to the large playing field on its grounds. The centre operated an award\\-winning Photographic course – BA Hons Contemporary Photographic Arts, a full\\-time three year honours degree from the [University of Huddersfield](/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield \"University of Huddersfield\"). The course had a national reputation and has approval from the 'British Institute of Professional Photographers', until it closed in 2018 \n\nThe main campus was on Halifax Road, Dewsbury, closed October 2020\\.\n\n",
"### Former colleges\n\nPart of Dewsbury College is the former **Wheelwright Grammar School for Boys**. It had around 450 boys in the 1960s and was administered by the County Borough of Dewsbury Education Committee.\n\nThe Batley School of Art[Batley School of Art](http://wildyorkshire.blog/2019/07/batley-school-of-art/), Wild Yorkshire, July 2017\\. moved to the Wheelwright Grammar School site on Birkdale Road. In addition to arts courses, Batley School of Art was also home to sports and fitness courses, due to the large playing field on its grounds. The centre operated an award\\-winning Photographic course – BA Hons Contemporary Photographic Arts, a full\\-time three year honours degree from the [University of Huddersfield](/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield \"University of Huddersfield\"). The course had a national reputation and has approval from the 'British Institute of Professional Photographers', until it closed in 2018 \n\nThe main campus was on Halifax Road, Dewsbury, closed October 2020\\.\n\n",
"Sites\n-----\n\n### Dewsbury\n\nThe Dewsbury centre has two campuses in and around Dewsbury:\n\n* Springfield Sixth Form College is on Bradford Road, opened 2018\n* Pioneer House Higher Skills Centre, opened November 2020\n**Former centres were previously known as Dewsbury and Batley Technical and Art College (DABTAC)**\n\n### Huddersfield\n\n[thumb\\|Kirklees college as seen from Lockwood Road](/wiki/File:Kirklees_college.jpg \"Kirklees college.jpg\")\nThe main site is a new campus off Manchester Road, adjacent to the [River Colne](/wiki/River_Colne%2C_West_Yorkshire \"River Colne, West Yorkshire\"), just outside the Huddersfield town centre, at a cost of £74 million, in 2013 it replaced the New North Road Campus .\n\nThere are 4 additional satellite sites in Huddersfield:\n\nEngineering and adjacent Process Manufacturing Centres, provides full and part time courses in engineering related fields including manufacturing, welding and motor vehicle.\n\nThe Brunel Construction Centre, located just off the A62, which offers courses in construction related fields including plumbing, bricklaying, plastering, electrical installation and plumbing.\n\nThe college's Taylor Hill Centre, on Close Hill Road in the Huddersfield suburb of [Taylor Hill](/wiki/Taylor_Hill%2C_Huddersfield \"Taylor Hill, Huddersfield\"), provides full\\-time courses relating to animal care, land\\-based studies, conservation and countryside management.\n\n",
"### Dewsbury\n\nThe Dewsbury centre has two campuses in and around Dewsbury:\n\n* Springfield Sixth Form College is on Bradford Road, opened 2018\n* Pioneer House Higher Skills Centre, opened November 2020\n**Former centres were previously known as Dewsbury and Batley Technical and Art College (DABTAC)**\n",
"### Huddersfield\n\n[thumb\\|Kirklees college as seen from Lockwood Road](/wiki/File:Kirklees_college.jpg \"Kirklees college.jpg\")\nThe main site is a new campus off Manchester Road, adjacent to the [River Colne](/wiki/River_Colne%2C_West_Yorkshire \"River Colne, West Yorkshire\"), just outside the Huddersfield town centre, at a cost of £74 million, in 2013 it replaced the New North Road Campus .\n\nThere are 4 additional satellite sites in Huddersfield:\n\nEngineering and adjacent Process Manufacturing Centres, provides full and part time courses in engineering related fields including manufacturing, welding and motor vehicle.\n\nThe Brunel Construction Centre, located just off the A62, which offers courses in construction related fields including plumbing, bricklaying, plastering, electrical installation and plumbing.\n\nThe college's Taylor Hill Centre, on Close Hill Road in the Huddersfield suburb of [Taylor Hill](/wiki/Taylor_Hill%2C_Huddersfield \"Taylor Hill, Huddersfield\"), provides full\\-time courses relating to animal care, land\\-based studies, conservation and countryside management.\n\n",
"Accreditation\n-------------\n\nThe Leeds Metropolitan University validated the School of Art and Designs' flagship course B.A.Hons \"Fine Art for Design\", an internationally renowned and award\\-winning course. Art, Design \\& Fashion. Since its creation in 1998 by Eve Jones and Richard Gray, students have gone on to study at The [Royal College of Art](/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art \"Royal College of Art\"), won the [Unilever](/wiki/Unilever \"Unilever\") graduate of the year award and many other national and international prizes. The course exhibited in London every year at Free Range at the Old Truman Brewery on Brick Lane.\n\n",
"Legal action\n------------\n\nIn November 2010 the college paid £5,000 compensation in a private settlement to a blind student, Tmara Senior, after legal action was taken against the school, for bullying by a teacher and other students in 2008\\. Tmara Senior and her husband Wayne, who is also blind said that they think it's important that what happened to Tmara shouldn't be \"covered up\" and \"forgotten\".\n\n",
"Alumni\n------\n\n### Batley School of Art\n\n* [Tula Lotay](/wiki/Tula_Lotay \"Tula Lotay\"), comic book artist\n* [Victoria O'Keefe](/wiki/Victoria_O%27Keefe \"Victoria O'Keefe\") (1969–1990\\), stage and film actor best known for playing nuclear war survivor Jane Beckett in made\\-for\\-TV film *[Threads](/wiki/Threads_%281984_film%29 \"Threads (1984 film)\")* (1984\\)\n* [Andi Watson](/wiki/Andi_Watson \"Andi Watson\"), cartoonist\n\n### Huddersfield Technical College\n\n* Sir [David Brown](/wiki/David_Brown_%28entrepreneur%29 \"David Brown (entrepreneur)\"), engineer and entrepreneur\n* [Anthony Flinn](/wiki/Anthony_Flinn \"Anthony Flinn\"), chef\n* [Justin Hawkins](/wiki/Justin_Hawkins \"Justin Hawkins\"), musician\n* [Hervey Rhodes, Baron Rhodes](/wiki/Hervey_Rhodes%2C_Baron_Rhodes \"Hervey Rhodes, Baron Rhodes\"), Labour MP from 1945 to 1964 for [Ashton\\-under\\-Lyne](/wiki/Ashton-under-Lyne_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Ashton-under-Lyne (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Marcel van Cleemput](/wiki/Marcel_van_Cleemput \"Marcel van Cleemput\"), toy designer\n* [Cousin Silas](/wiki/Cousin_Silas \"Cousin Silas\"), musician\n* [Paul Scriven](/wiki/Paul_Scriven \"Paul Scriven\"), Liberal Democrat peer\n* [Paula Lane](/wiki/Paula_Lane \"Paula Lane\"), actress\n\n### Dewsbury College\n\n* [Betty Boothroyd](/wiki/Betty_Boothroyd \"Betty Boothroyd\") (Baroness Boothroyd), life peer [(Crossbench)](/wiki/Crossbencher \"Crossbencher\") in the [House of Lords](/wiki/House_of_Lords \"House of Lords\") 2001–2023, [Speaker of the House of Commons](/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)\") 1992–2000, [Labour Party](/wiki/Labour_Party_%28UK%29 \"Labour Party (UK)\") MP from 1973 to 1974 for [West Bromwich](/wiki/West_Bromwich_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)\") and from 1974 to 2000 for [West Bromwich West](/wiki/West_Bromwich_West_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"West Bromwich West (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Walter Harrison](/wiki/Walter_Harrison_%28politician%29 \"Walter Harrison (politician)\"), Labour MP from 1964 to 1987 for [Wakefield](/wiki/Wakefield_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Wakefield (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Keith Hellawell](/wiki/Keith_Hellawell \"Keith Hellawell\"), Chief Constable from 1993 to 1998 of [West Yorkshire Police](/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Police \"West Yorkshire Police\") and from 1990 to 1993 of [Cleveland Police](/wiki/Cleveland_Police \"Cleveland Police\")\n* [Dean Hoyle](/wiki/Dean_Hoyle \"Dean Hoyle\"), former owner of [Card Factory](/wiki/Card_Factory \"Card Factory\") and the ex\\-chairman and owner of [Championship](/wiki/EFL_Championship \"EFL Championship\") side [Huddersfield Town](/wiki/Huddersfield_Town_A.F.C. \"Huddersfield Town A.F.C.\")\n* [Mick Sullivan](/wiki/Mick_Sullivan \"Mick Sullivan\"), rugby league player for Huddersfield, Wigan and St. Helens. Double world cup winner with Great Britain.\n\n### Wheelwright Grammar School for Boys\n\n* [Richard Alexander](/wiki/Richard_Alexander_%28UK_politician%29 \"Richard Alexander (UK politician)\"), Conservative MP from 1979 to 1997 for [Newark](/wiki/Newark_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Newark (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Robin Esser](/wiki/Robin_Esser \"Robin Esser\"), editor (1986–89\\) of the *[Sunday Express](/wiki/Sunday_Express \"Sunday Express\")*\n* [William George Fearnsides](/wiki/William_George_Fearnsides \"William George Fearnsides\"), Sorby Professor of Geology from 1913 to 1945 at the [University of Sheffield](/wiki/University_of_Sheffield \"University of Sheffield\")\n* [Philip Fothergill](/wiki/Philip_Fothergill \"Philip Fothergill\"), English woollen manufacturer and [Liberal Party](/wiki/Liberal_Party_%28UK%29 \"Liberal Party (UK)\") politician\n* [Leslie Fox](/wiki/Leslie_Fox \"Leslie Fox\"), mathematician\n* Sir [Marcus Fox](/wiki/Marcus_Fox \"Marcus Fox\"), Conservative MP from 1970 to 1997 for [Shipley](/wiki/Shipley_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Shipley (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Larry Hirst](/wiki/Larry_Hirst \"Larry Hirst\"), chairman since 2008 of [IBN](/wiki/CNN-IBN \"CNN-IBN\") Europe, Middle East and Africa\n* [Tom Kilburn](/wiki/Tom_Kilburn \"Tom Kilburn\"), worked with [Frederic Calland Williams](/wiki/Frederic_Calland_Williams \"Frederic Calland Williams\") to produce the [Manchester Mark 1](/wiki/Manchester_Mark_1 \"Manchester Mark 1\") known as *Baby* in 1946, one of the first computers, and professor of computer science from 1964 to 1981 at the [University of Manchester](/wiki/University_of_Manchester \"University of Manchester\")\n* [Tony Nicholson](/wiki/Tony_Nicholson \"Tony Nicholson\"), cricketer\n* [Donald Sadler](/wiki/Donald_Sadler \"Donald Sadler\"), president from 1967 to 1969 of the [Royal Astronomical Society](/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society \"Royal Astronomical Society\")\n* [Percy Walker](/wiki/Percy_Walker \"Percy Walker\"), aeronautical engineer who helped design the [Hawker Hurricane](/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane \"Hawker Hurricane\"), and later was largely responsible at the [Royal Aircraft Establishment](/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment \"Royal Aircraft Establishment\") for discovering that [metal fatigue](/wiki/Fatigue_%28material%29 \"Fatigue (material)\") caused the first [de Havilland Comet](/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet \"De Havilland Comet\") airliners to crash\n* [Eddie Waring](/wiki/Eddie_Waring \"Eddie Waring\"), rugby league commentator\n",
"### Batley School of Art\n\n* [Tula Lotay](/wiki/Tula_Lotay \"Tula Lotay\"), comic book artist\n* [Victoria O'Keefe](/wiki/Victoria_O%27Keefe \"Victoria O'Keefe\") (1969–1990\\), stage and film actor best known for playing nuclear war survivor Jane Beckett in made\\-for\\-TV film *[Threads](/wiki/Threads_%281984_film%29 \"Threads (1984 film)\")* (1984\\)\n* [Andi Watson](/wiki/Andi_Watson \"Andi Watson\"), cartoonist\n",
"### Huddersfield Technical College\n\n* Sir [David Brown](/wiki/David_Brown_%28entrepreneur%29 \"David Brown (entrepreneur)\"), engineer and entrepreneur\n* [Anthony Flinn](/wiki/Anthony_Flinn \"Anthony Flinn\"), chef\n* [Justin Hawkins](/wiki/Justin_Hawkins \"Justin Hawkins\"), musician\n* [Hervey Rhodes, Baron Rhodes](/wiki/Hervey_Rhodes%2C_Baron_Rhodes \"Hervey Rhodes, Baron Rhodes\"), Labour MP from 1945 to 1964 for [Ashton\\-under\\-Lyne](/wiki/Ashton-under-Lyne_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Ashton-under-Lyne (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Marcel van Cleemput](/wiki/Marcel_van_Cleemput \"Marcel van Cleemput\"), toy designer\n* [Cousin Silas](/wiki/Cousin_Silas \"Cousin Silas\"), musician\n* [Paul Scriven](/wiki/Paul_Scriven \"Paul Scriven\"), Liberal Democrat peer\n* [Paula Lane](/wiki/Paula_Lane \"Paula Lane\"), actress\n",
"### Dewsbury College\n\n* [Betty Boothroyd](/wiki/Betty_Boothroyd \"Betty Boothroyd\") (Baroness Boothroyd), life peer [(Crossbench)](/wiki/Crossbencher \"Crossbencher\") in the [House of Lords](/wiki/House_of_Lords \"House of Lords\") 2001–2023, [Speaker of the House of Commons](/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)\") 1992–2000, [Labour Party](/wiki/Labour_Party_%28UK%29 \"Labour Party (UK)\") MP from 1973 to 1974 for [West Bromwich](/wiki/West_Bromwich_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"West Bromwich (UK Parliament constituency)\") and from 1974 to 2000 for [West Bromwich West](/wiki/West_Bromwich_West_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"West Bromwich West (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Walter Harrison](/wiki/Walter_Harrison_%28politician%29 \"Walter Harrison (politician)\"), Labour MP from 1964 to 1987 for [Wakefield](/wiki/Wakefield_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Wakefield (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Keith Hellawell](/wiki/Keith_Hellawell \"Keith Hellawell\"), Chief Constable from 1993 to 1998 of [West Yorkshire Police](/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Police \"West Yorkshire Police\") and from 1990 to 1993 of [Cleveland Police](/wiki/Cleveland_Police \"Cleveland Police\")\n* [Dean Hoyle](/wiki/Dean_Hoyle \"Dean Hoyle\"), former owner of [Card Factory](/wiki/Card_Factory \"Card Factory\") and the ex\\-chairman and owner of [Championship](/wiki/EFL_Championship \"EFL Championship\") side [Huddersfield Town](/wiki/Huddersfield_Town_A.F.C. \"Huddersfield Town A.F.C.\")\n* [Mick Sullivan](/wiki/Mick_Sullivan \"Mick Sullivan\"), rugby league player for Huddersfield, Wigan and St. Helens. Double world cup winner with Great Britain.\n",
"### Wheelwright Grammar School for Boys\n\n* [Richard Alexander](/wiki/Richard_Alexander_%28UK_politician%29 \"Richard Alexander (UK politician)\"), Conservative MP from 1979 to 1997 for [Newark](/wiki/Newark_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Newark (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Robin Esser](/wiki/Robin_Esser \"Robin Esser\"), editor (1986–89\\) of the *[Sunday Express](/wiki/Sunday_Express \"Sunday Express\")*\n* [William George Fearnsides](/wiki/William_George_Fearnsides \"William George Fearnsides\"), Sorby Professor of Geology from 1913 to 1945 at the [University of Sheffield](/wiki/University_of_Sheffield \"University of Sheffield\")\n* [Philip Fothergill](/wiki/Philip_Fothergill \"Philip Fothergill\"), English woollen manufacturer and [Liberal Party](/wiki/Liberal_Party_%28UK%29 \"Liberal Party (UK)\") politician\n* [Leslie Fox](/wiki/Leslie_Fox \"Leslie Fox\"), mathematician\n* Sir [Marcus Fox](/wiki/Marcus_Fox \"Marcus Fox\"), Conservative MP from 1970 to 1997 for [Shipley](/wiki/Shipley_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Shipley (UK Parliament constituency)\")\n* [Larry Hirst](/wiki/Larry_Hirst \"Larry Hirst\"), chairman since 2008 of [IBN](/wiki/CNN-IBN \"CNN-IBN\") Europe, Middle East and Africa\n* [Tom Kilburn](/wiki/Tom_Kilburn \"Tom Kilburn\"), worked with [Frederic Calland Williams](/wiki/Frederic_Calland_Williams \"Frederic Calland Williams\") to produce the [Manchester Mark 1](/wiki/Manchester_Mark_1 \"Manchester Mark 1\") known as *Baby* in 1946, one of the first computers, and professor of computer science from 1964 to 1981 at the [University of Manchester](/wiki/University_of_Manchester \"University of Manchester\")\n* [Tony Nicholson](/wiki/Tony_Nicholson \"Tony Nicholson\"), cricketer\n* [Donald Sadler](/wiki/Donald_Sadler \"Donald Sadler\"), president from 1967 to 1969 of the [Royal Astronomical Society](/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society \"Royal Astronomical Society\")\n* [Percy Walker](/wiki/Percy_Walker \"Percy Walker\"), aeronautical engineer who helped design the [Hawker Hurricane](/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane \"Hawker Hurricane\"), and later was largely responsible at the [Royal Aircraft Establishment](/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment \"Royal Aircraft Establishment\") for discovering that [metal fatigue](/wiki/Fatigue_%28material%29 \"Fatigue (material)\") caused the first [de Havilland Comet](/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet \"De Havilland Comet\") airliners to crash\n* [Eddie Waring](/wiki/Eddie_Waring \"Eddie Waring\"), rugby league commentator\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [University of Huddersfield](/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield \"University of Huddersfield\") – from 1896 to 1956 formerly known as Huddersfield Technical College, then Huddersfield College of Technology until 1970\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Kirklees College](http://www.kirkleescollege.ac.uk)\n* [EduBase](https://archive.today/20130518024656/http://www.edubase.gov.uk/establishment/summary.xhtml?urn=130537)\n\n[Category:Further education colleges in West Yorkshire](/wiki/Category:Further_education_colleges_in_West_Yorkshire \"Further education colleges in West Yorkshire\")\n[Category:Education in Huddersfield](/wiki/Category:Education_in_Huddersfield \"Education in Huddersfield\")\n[Category:Buildings and structures in Huddersfield](/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Huddersfield \"Buildings and structures in Huddersfield\")\n[Category:Educational institutions established in 2008](/wiki/Category:Educational_institutions_established_in_2008 \"Educational institutions established in 2008\")\n[Category:Dewsbury](/wiki/Category:Dewsbury \"Dewsbury\")\n[Category:Education in Kirklees](/wiki/Category:Education_in_Kirklees \"Education in Kirklees\")\n[Category:2008 establishments in England](/wiki/Category:2008_establishments_in_England \"2008 establishments in England\")\n\n"
]
} |
Wałowice, Łódź Voivodeship | {
"id": [
754658
],
"name": [
"Kiwipete"
]
} | nkdn3ine73afrv3gutbehcc9bvsiz5f | 2024-02-25T01:15:37Z | 1,197,612,447 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Wałowice** is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in the administrative district of [Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka](/wiki/Gmina_Rawa_Mazowiecka \"Gmina Rawa Mazowiecka\"), within [Rawa County](/wiki/Rawa_County \"Rawa County\"), [Łódź Voivodeship](/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship \"Łódź Voivodeship\"), in central Poland. It lies approximately north of [Rawa Mazowiecka](/wiki/Rawa_Mazowiecka \"Rawa Mazowiecka\") and east of the regional capital [Łódź](/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA \"Łódź\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Rawa County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Rawa_County \"Villages in Rawa County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Brazilian traditional medicine | {
"id": [
45813366
],
"name": [
"Chamaemelum"
]
} | qb742ya5th80gbxtssk1117op53y86g | 2023-07-09T21:25:16Z | 1,164,574,263 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Examples",
"See also",
"Notes",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|Several parts of the cashew plant, including the bark and seeds, are used medicinally.](/wiki/Image:Cashew_Brazil_fruit_1.jpg \"Cashew Brazil fruit 1.jpg\")\n\n**Traditional Brazilian medicine** (Portuguese: Medicina indígena) includes many native South American elements, and imported African ones. It is predominantly used in areas where indigenous groups and African descendants reside, like in the [northeast](/wiki/Northeastern_Brazil \"Northeastern Brazil\") coast, nearly all interior regions including [Amazon](/wiki/Brazilian_Amazon \"Brazilian Amazon\") regions, [savannahs](/wiki/Savannahs \"Savannahs\"), [rainforest](/wiki/Rainforest \"Rainforest\"), [foothills](/wiki/Foothills \"Foothills\"), and [Pantanal](/wiki/Pantanal \"Pantanal\"). According to Romulo R. N. Alves, \"although Brazil's health system is public...use of traditional remedies and rituals provide an economical way of healing for much of the populace, but that also does not mean that wealthy Brazilians don't seek it out as well. Traditional medicine is a deep part of Brazilian heritage.\"\n\nThe [Aruak](/wiki/Aruak \"Aruak\"), [Tupi](/wiki/Tupi_people \"Tupi people\"), [Yamomami](/wiki/Yamomami \"Yamomami\"), [Krahô](/wiki/Krah%C3%B4_Indians \"Krahô Indians\"), [Guarani](/wiki/Guarani_people \"Guarani people\") and other Indians groups are among the native tribes that together with isolated descendants of Africans or [Quilombola](/wiki/Quilombola \"Quilombola\"), and Indians integrated ([Caboclo](/wiki/Caboclo \"Caboclo\")) that are known to almost exclusively practice traditional medicine. Among the plants include edible foods like the [cashew](/wiki/Cashew \"Cashew\"), [peppers](/wiki/Capsicum \"Capsicum\"), [mangosteen](/wiki/Mangosteen \"Mangosteen\") and [coconut](/wiki/Coconut \"Coconut\"), but often include inedible parts like the fruits, leaves, husk, [bark](/wiki/Bark_%28botany%29 \"Bark (botany)\"). Neighboring nations like the [Patamona](/wiki/Patamona \"Patamona\") of [Guyana](/wiki/Guyana \"Guyana\") also use the cashew.\n\nThere is growing interest in Brazilian medicine as the Amazon rainforest is the largest [tropical forest](/wiki/Tropical_forest \"Tropical forest\") in the world, and is home to immense [biodiversity](/wiki/Biodiversity \"Biodiversity\"), including cures or treatments for many ailments. Japanese scientists have found strong anticancer activity in Brazilian traditional remedies. In one study in 1997 published in *[The American Journal of Chinese Medicine](/wiki/The_American_Journal_of_Chinese_Medicine \"The American Journal of Chinese Medicine\")*, only 122 species existing in Brazil could be related to the Chinese species (or 14\\.35% of the samples), which means the vast majority of species are not known to Chinese traditional medicine. Thousands and possibly millions of species remain unstudied and/or susceptible to extinction by [habitat destruction](/wiki/Habitat_destruction \"Habitat destruction\").\n\n",
"Examples\n--------\n\nExamples include psychoactive plants like [Ayahuasca](/wiki/Ayahuasca \"Ayahuasca\") [Epena](/wiki/Virola \"Virola\") and [Jurema](/wiki/Mimosa_tenuiflora \"Mimosa tenuiflora\") used in rituals currently being investigated for their potential use in psychiatry.\n\nThe [Kambo cleanse](/wiki/Kambo_cleanse \"Kambo cleanse\") is a practice that uses a secretion from the [giant leaf frog](/wiki/Giant_leaf_frog \"Giant leaf frog\") used by indigenous groups, such as the Noke Kuin, that is injected into the bloodstream and used in traditional medicine to ward off bad luck. Multiple patents are pending for its use against [ischemia](/wiki/Ischemia \"Ischemia\") and [hepatic](/wiki/Hepatic \"Hepatic\") injury.\n\nThe Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress Group at the UPV/EHU's Faculty of Medicine and Nursing at the [University of the Basque Country](/wiki/University_of_the_Basque_Country \"University of the Basque Country\") has published a study where traditionally infused *[Vismia baccifera](/wiki/Vismia_baccifera \"Vismia baccifera\")* has shown massive induction of oxidative stress in [kidney cancer](/wiki/Kidney_cancer \"Kidney cancer\") cells, with rapid death, but leaving healthy cells alone.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Health in Brazil](/wiki/Health_in_Brazil \"Health in Brazil\")\n* [Healthcare in Brazil](/wiki/Healthcare_in_Brazil \"Healthcare in Brazil\")\n* [Herbalism](/wiki/Herbalism \"Herbalism\")\n* [Indigenous peoples in Brazil](/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil \"Indigenous peoples in Brazil\")\n* [List of plants of Amazon Rainforest vegetation of Brazil](/wiki/List_of_plants_of_Amazon_Rainforest_vegetation_of_Brazil \"List of plants of Amazon Rainforest vegetation of Brazil\")\n* [Pharmacognosy](/wiki/Pharmacognosy \"Pharmacognosy\")\n* [Shamanism](/wiki/Shamanism \"Shamanism\")\n* [Traditional medicine](/wiki/Traditional_medicine \"Traditional medicine\")\n* [Tropical medicine](/wiki/Tropical_medicine \"Tropical medicine\")\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [A comprehensive look at the use of animals in Brazilian medicine](https://archive.today/20120714184257/http://news.mongabay.com/2007/1210-hance_animal_medicine.html)\n* [Antifungal properties of plants used in Brazilian traditional medicine against clinically relevant fungal pathogens (including those resistant to other medicines for HIV\\+ patients)](http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822007000400010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en)\n* Alves R. R. N. (2009\\). \"Fauna used in popular medicine in Northeast Brazil\". *[Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine](/wiki/Journal_of_Ethnobiology_and_Ethnomedicine \"Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine\")* **5**: 1\\. .\n\n"
]
} |
Wielebnów | {
"id": [
754658
],
"name": [
"Kiwipete"
]
} | 4ncmifdcc6wg41xqfh2jr6dgw862yzb | 2024-03-17T03:34:07Z | 1,210,989,712 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Wielebnów** is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in the administrative district of [Gmina Łopuszno](/wiki/Gmina_%C5%81opuszno \"Gmina Łopuszno\"), within [Kielce County](/wiki/Kielce_County \"Kielce County\"), [Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship](/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyskie_Voivodeship \"Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship\"), in south\\-central Poland. It lies approximately north\\-east of [Łopuszno](/wiki/%C5%81opuszno \"Łopuszno\") and west of the regional capital [Kielce](/wiki/Kielce \"Kielce\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Kielce County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Kielce_County \"Villages in Kielce County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Radoryż Smolany | {
"id": [
754658
],
"name": [
"Kiwipete"
]
} | 9uhnacmmcq2rfuvovhu6m3cy8kpmush | 2024-10-04T06:20:13Z | 1,176,076,004 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n[thumb\\|Radoryż Smolany manor house](/wiki/Image:Radory%C5%BC_Smolany_dw%C3%B3r.jpg \"Radoryż Smolany dwór.jpg\")\n**Radoryż Smolany** is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in the administrative district of [Gmina Krzywda](/wiki/Gmina_Krzywda \"Gmina Krzywda\"), within [Łuków County](/wiki/%C5%81uk%C3%B3w_County \"Łuków County\"), [Lublin Voivodeship](/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship \"Lublin Voivodeship\"), in eastern Poland. It lies approximately west of [Krzywda](/wiki/Krzywda%2C_Lublin_Voivodeship \"Krzywda, Lublin Voivodeship\"), south\\-west of [Łuków](/wiki/%C5%81uk%C3%B3w \"Łuków\"), and north\\-west of the regional capital [Lublin](/wiki/Lublin \"Lublin\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Łuków County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_%C5%81uk%C3%B3w_County \"Villages in Łuków County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Pavlo Hryshchenko | {
"id": [
45417033
],
"name": [
"Swinub"
]
} | r220nxau3lf5ddtambe22z4ewi57nu4 | 2024-07-31T10:30:47Z | 1,207,639,748 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Pavlo Hryshchenko** (; born 6 July 1990\\) is a [professional](/wiki/Professional \"Professional\") [Ukrainian](/wiki/Ukraine \"Ukraine\") [football](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") [midfielder](/wiki/Midfielder \"Midfielder\").\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\nHe is the product of the [Metalurh Donetsk Youth](/wiki/FC_Metalurh_Donetsk_Reserves_and_Youth_Team \"FC Metalurh Donetsk Reserves and Youth Team\") school system.\n\nIn 2015 he was spotted to play for a team of Donetsk People's Republic.[(Так называемые ДНР и ЛНР провели товарищеский матч)](https://www.ua-football.com/blogs/multi_media/1439060152-v-tovarischeskom-matche-sbornaya-dnr-razgromila-lnr.html). UA\\-Football. 8 August 2015\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Profile](http://www.footballsquads.co.uk/ukraine/2011-2012/upl/metdonet.htm) on Football Squads\n[Category:1990 births](/wiki/Category:1990_births \"1990 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Footballers from Donetsk Oblast](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Donetsk_Oblast \"Footballers from Donetsk Oblast\")\n[Category:Ukrainian men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_men%27s_footballers \"Ukrainian men's footballers\")\n[Category:Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:FC Metalurh Donetsk players](/wiki/Category:FC_Metalurh_Donetsk_players \"FC Metalurh Donetsk players\")\n[Category:FC Stal Kamianske players](/wiki/Category:FC_Stal_Kamianske_players \"FC Stal Kamianske players\")\n[Category:FC Urartu players](/wiki/Category:FC_Urartu_players \"FC Urartu players\")\n[Category:FSC Bukovyna Chernivtsi players](/wiki/Category:FSC_Bukovyna_Chernivtsi_players \"FSC Bukovyna Chernivtsi players\")\n[Category:FC Daugava Riga players](/wiki/Category:FC_Daugava_Riga_players \"FC Daugava Riga players\")\n[Category:FC Ocean Kerch players](/wiki/Category:FC_Ocean_Kerch_players \"FC Ocean Kerch players\")\n[Category:Ukrainian Premier League players](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_Premier_League_players \"Ukrainian Premier League players\")\n[Category:Ukrainian First League players](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_First_League_players \"Ukrainian First League players\")\n[Category:Ukrainian Second League players](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_Second_League_players \"Ukrainian Second League players\")\n[Category:Crimean Premier League players](/wiki/Category:Crimean_Premier_League_players \"Crimean Premier League players\")\n[Category:Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Armenia](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Armenia \"Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Armenia\")\n[Category:Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Latvia](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Latvia \"Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Latvia\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Armenia](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Armenia \"Expatriate men's footballers in Armenia\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Latvia](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Latvia \"Expatriate men's footballers in Latvia\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Russia](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Russia \"Expatriate men's footballers in Russia\")\n[Category:Ukrainian sportspeople in Russia during the Russo\\-Ukrainian War](/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_sportspeople_in_Russia_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War \"Ukrainian sportspeople in Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian War\")\n\n"
]
} |
Hester van Eeghen | {
"id": [
5718152
],
"name": [
"Arjayay"
]
} | tkvgu4j03eqrkf1bwjwjy3ri9wxn8fy | 2024-02-21T13:45:35Z | 1,208,915,299 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Life",
"Work",
"Foundation",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Hester van Eeghen** (11 November 1958 – 8 April 2021) was a Dutch [designer](/wiki/Designer \"Designer\") of leather bags, [wallets](/wiki/Wallet \"Wallet\") and accessories.\n\n",
"Life\n----\n\nHester van Eeghen was born in Amsterdam, the youngest of five children. Her family has been involved in the arts in The Netherlands in one way or another since the 17th century. She studied literature at the University of Amsterdam, and soon got involved with theatre, acting, and producing musicals. It was during that time she also started designing bags and working with leather.\n\nShe learned the technical craft of leather construction by working with a suitcase designer who encouraged her to perfect the smallest details. She scraped together money to buy small pieces of leather, and created bags, one by one, which she sold in local street markets. With each bag she sold she would buy more leather, make more bags, and so on, until she finally was able to open her shop at 37 Hartenstraat.\n\n",
"Work\n----\n\nHer designs are for sale in over 150 museums and design stores over the world and are sold in several countries like [Germany](/wiki/Germany \"Germany\"), the [UK](/wiki/United_Kingdom \"United Kingdom\"), [Japan](/wiki/Japan \"Japan\") and the [USA](/wiki/United_States_of_America \"United States of America\"). She is regarded as one of the influential Dutch designers of the 20th century.Here work is listed in an inventory of Dutch Design in the 20th Century (Ton Lauwen 2003\\).\n\nVan Eeghen has designed collections for other brands such as [Paco Rabanne](/wiki/Paco_Rabanne \"Paco Rabanne\"), [Marlboro Classics](/wiki/Marlboro_Classics \"Marlboro Classics\"), Jaguar, Castelijn en Berens.\n\nHer work was published in over 200 interviews in magazines (NRC Handelsblad, \nVolkskrant, International Herald Tribune, San Francisco Chronicle, [Trouw](/wiki/Trouw \"Trouw\"), [Het Parool](/wiki/Het_Parool \"Het Parool\"), [De Telegraaf](/wiki/De_Telegraaf \"De Telegraaf\"), Het Financieel Dagblad – [HP/De Tijd](/wiki/HP/De_Tijd \"HP/De Tijd\"), [Vrij Nederland](/wiki/Vrij_Nederland \"Vrij Nederland\"), Art Aurea, [Holland Herald](/wiki/Holland_Herald \"Holland Herald\") etc..), television and radio. \n\n[Simon Schama](/wiki/Simon_Schama \"Simon Schama\") describes her work as follows: \"That instinct for engineering produces beautiful twists, the essence of a great van Eeghen design, driven by the love of morphing loops and mutations. Her imagination turns and turns again, spun by a passion for origami and the Möbius strip. It’s not every designer who will tell you (as she does in a little video about a reversible backpack called 'The Drop') that it was 'inspired by a documentary on spermatozoa'.\"\n[thumb\\|Hester van Eeghen and Femke Halsema](/wiki/File:3._Avond-87.jpg \"3. Avond-87.jpg\")\nIn 2018 to celebrate three decades in design, Hester van Eeghen designed [One Thousand and One Handbags](https://www.popositionpress.com/store/pop-up-books/1001-handbags-pop-up-book-standard-edition/), a pop\\-up book together with [David Carter](https://www.popupbooks.com) which was launched at the Amsterdam [Stedelijk Museum](https://www.stedelijk.nl/nl/evenementen/hester-van-eeghen). She imagined an interactive exhibition on the theme of 'the bag as theater', focussed on the owner's experience of touch, smell and their character. In addition an evening was held in the [Compagnie Theater](/wiki/Compagnietheater \"Compagnietheater\") with 400 guests, where she directed the performance of a series of theater vignettes representing bag\\-owning clients, and a ballet with swirling shoes and bags, and presented Mayor [Femke Halsema](/wiki/Femke_Halsema \"Femke Halsema\") with a set of mayoral bags illustrated with the symbols of the city. \n\n",
"Foundation\n----------\n\nBoth in 1998 and 2008 at the occasion of her first and second decade in design, Hester van Eeghen created a collection of 24 unique pieces that were auctioned at [Sotheby's](/wiki/Sotheby%27s \"Sotheby's\") Amsterdam, with the proceeds going to the Foundation Hester van Eeghen Leather Design. Every two years, the Foundation organises a competition in collaboration with the [Museum of Bags and Purses](/wiki/Museum_of_Bags_and_Purses \"Museum of Bags and Purses\") as a stimulus for designers who work with leather. The theme of the competition focuses on the historical collection of the museum, for example the 2010 theme is Dine \\& Date. The winner of the Leather Design Prize will have their design produced in a series of 30 pieces. It is an opportunity for the designer to become familiar with the entire process from design to end product.\n\nIn 2008, after 20 years of designing, Hester was made a Knight in the [Order of Orange\\-Nassau](/wiki/Order_of_Orange-Nassau \"Order of Orange-Nassau\") and given the decorations by the Mayor of [Amsterdam](/wiki/Amsterdam \"Amsterdam\") [Job Cohen](/wiki/Job_Cohen \"Job Cohen\") for motivating young designers.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Bag and Shoe Design: Hester van Eeghen](https://www.amazon.com/dp/9063691998) ()\n* [RVU Television documentary on Hester van Eeghen 25 minutes in Dutch](https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164639/http://matrix.rvu.nl/cgi/spsp/rvu/rvu.php?i=2&l=0&n=161)\n* [Hester van Eeghen website](http://www.hestervaneeghen.com)\n* [Who is Hester van Eeghen](https://web.archive.org/web/20080915102414/http://www.mediastudies.nl/nap2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1424&Itemid=37) \n\n[Category:1958 births](/wiki/Category:1958_births \"1958 births\")\n[Category:2021 deaths](/wiki/Category:2021_deaths \"2021 deaths\")\n[Category:Designers from Amsterdam](/wiki/Category:Designers_from_Amsterdam \"Designers from Amsterdam\")\n[Category:Leather manufacturers](/wiki/Category:Leather_manufacturers \"Leather manufacturers\")\n[Category:Knights of the Order of Orange\\-Nassau](/wiki/Category:Knights_of_the_Order_of_Orange-Nassau \"Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau\")\n\n"
]
} |
Misaki (name) | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2601:240:4C01:CD10:91FC:9C8A:5B5E:C968"
]
} | e3ahf55l5n2uzl4u7z1q83cem1jznzo | 2024-09-18T00:05:58Z | 1,246,123,626 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Possible writings",
"As a given name",
"As a surname",
"People with the given name",
"Men",
"Women",
"People with the surname",
"Characters with the given name",
"Characters with the surname",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Misaki** (みさき, ミサキ) is a popular feminine [Japanese given name](/wiki/Japanese_given_name \"Japanese given name\") occasionally used for men. It can also be used as a [surname](/wiki/Japanese_surname \"Japanese surname\").\n\n",
"Possible writings\n-----------------\n\nMisaki can be written using different [kanji](/wiki/Kanji \"Kanji\") characters and can mean:\n\n### As a given name\n\n* 美咲 \"beautiful, blossom\"\n* 美沙紀 \"beautiful, sand, chronicle\"\n* 海咲 “ocean, blossom”\nThe given name can also be written in [hiragana](/wiki/Hiragana \"Hiragana\") or [katakana](/wiki/Katakana \"Katakana\").\n\n### As a surname\n\n* 岬 \"cape/promontory\"\n* 三崎 \"three promontories\"\n* 三咲 \"three blossoms\"\n* 美崎 \"beautiful promontory\"\n* 見崎 \"to look, promontory\"\n",
"### As a given name\n\n* 美咲 \"beautiful, blossom\"\n* 美沙紀 \"beautiful, sand, chronicle\"\n* 海咲 “ocean, blossom”\nThe given name can also be written in [hiragana](/wiki/Hiragana \"Hiragana\") or [katakana](/wiki/Katakana \"Katakana\").\n",
"### As a surname\n\n* 岬 \"cape/promontory\"\n* 三崎 \"three promontories\"\n* 三咲 \"three blossoms\"\n* 美崎 \"beautiful promontory\"\n* 見崎 \"to look, promontory\"\n",
"People with the given name\n--------------------------\n\n### Men\n\n* , male Japanese mixed martial artist\n* , male Japanese football player\n### Women\n* , Japanese professional tennis player\n* , Japanese fencer\n* , Japanese actress, model, and idol\n* , Japanese idol, [enka](/wiki/Enka \"Enka\") singer, and a member of Jpop group [AKB48](/wiki/AKB48 \"AKB48\")\n* , Japanese artist\n* , Japanese squash player\n* , Japanese rower\n* , Japanese voice actress and singer\n* , Japanese badminton player\n* , Japanese actress and tarento\n* , Japanese table tennis player\n* [Misaki Nakayama](/wiki/Misaki_Nakayama \"Misaki Nakayama\") (born 2002\\), Japanese professional footballer\n* , Japanese professional wrestler\n* , Japanese long\\-distance runner\n* , Japanese speed skater\n* , Japanese weightlifter\n* , Japanese former field hockey player\n* , Japanese voice actress\n* , Japanese voice actress\n* , Japanese swimmer\n",
"### Men\n\n* , male Japanese mixed martial artist\n* , male Japanese football player\n",
"### Women\n\n* , Japanese professional tennis player\n* , Japanese fencer\n* , Japanese actress, model, and idol\n* , Japanese idol, [enka](/wiki/Enka \"Enka\") singer, and a member of Jpop group [AKB48](/wiki/AKB48 \"AKB48\")\n* , Japanese artist\n* , Japanese squash player\n* , Japanese rower\n* , Japanese voice actress and singer\n* , Japanese badminton player\n* , Japanese actress and tarento\n* , Japanese table tennis player\n* [Misaki Nakayama](/wiki/Misaki_Nakayama \"Misaki Nakayama\") (born 2002\\), Japanese professional footballer\n* , Japanese professional wrestler\n* , Japanese long\\-distance runner\n* , Japanese speed skater\n* , Japanese weightlifter\n* , Japanese former field hockey player\n* , Japanese voice actress\n* , Japanese voice actress\n* , Japanese swimmer\n",
"People with the surname\n-----------------------\n\n* , Japanese actress\n* [Erin Misaki](/wiki/Erin_Misaki \"Erin Misaki\") (born 1981\\), American soccer player\n* , Japanese sport shooter\n* , Japanese manga artist\n* , Japanese professional mixed martial arts fighter and former [judoka](/wiki/Judoka \"Judoka\")\n* , Japanese racing driver\n* , Japanese football player\n* , Japanese voice actress and singer\n* , Japanese football player\n",
"Characters with the given name\n------------------------------\n\n* [Misaki Jurai](/wiki/Misaki_Jurai \"Misaki Jurai\") (美砂樹), a character in the anime *[Tenchi Muyo!](/wiki/Tenchi_Muyo%21 \"Tenchi Muyo!\")*\n* Misaki Suzuhara (みさき), the main character in the anime *[Angelic Layer](/wiki/Angelic_Layer \"Angelic Layer\")*\n* Misaki Takahashi (美咲), a male main character in the anime *[Junjou Romantica](/wiki/Junjou_Romantica \"Junjou Romantica\")*\n* [Misaki Nakahara](/wiki/Welcome_to_the_N.H.K.%23Characters \"Welcome to the N.H.K.#Characters\") (中原 岬), character of *[Welcome to the N.H.K.](/wiki/Welcome_to_the_N.H.K. \"Welcome to the N.H.K.\")*\n* [Misaki Harada](/wiki/List_of_Alice_Academy_characters%23Misaki_Harada \"List of Alice Academy characters#Misaki Harada\") (美咲), a character in the anime *[Gakuen Alice](/wiki/Gakuen_Alice \"Gakuen Alice\")*\n* [Misaki Ayuzawa](/wiki/List_of_Maid_Sama%21_characters%23Misaki_Ayuzawa \"List of Maid Sama! characters#Misaki Ayuzawa\"), the main character of the anime/manga *[Maid Sama!](/wiki/Maid_Sama%21 \"Maid Sama!\")*\n* Misaki Kureha, the main character in the anime *[Divergence Eve](/wiki/Divergence_Eve \"Divergence Eve\")* and *[Misaki Chronicles](/wiki/Misaki_Chronicles \"Misaki Chronicles\")*\n* Misaki Kirihara (霧原 未咲), character of *[Darker than Black](/wiki/Darker_than_Black \"Darker than Black\")*\n* Misaki Asou, one of the protagonists in the video game *[Fatal Frame 4](/wiki/Fatal_Frame_4 \"Fatal Frame 4\")*\n* Misaki Aoyagi, a character in the manga *[Loveless](/wiki/Loveless_%28manga%29 \"Loveless (manga)\")*\n* Misaki Oga, a character in the anime *[Beelzebub](/wiki/Beelzebub_%28manga%29 \"Beelzebub (manga)\")*\n* Mei Misaki, a character in the anime *[Another](/wiki/Another_%28novel%29 \"Another (novel)\")*\n* Misaki Yata (美咲), a male character in the anime *[K Project](/wiki/K_%28TV_series%29 \"K (TV series)\")*\n* Misaki Shokuhō (食蜂操祈), a character of *[A Certain Magical Index](/wiki/A_Certain_Magical_Index \"A Certain Magical Index\")*\n* Misaki Tokura (戸倉 ミサキ), a character of *[Cardfight!! Vanguard](/wiki/Cardfight%21%21_Vanguard \"Cardfight!! Vanguard\")*\n* Misaki Kamiigusa (上井草 美咲), a character of *[Sakura\\-sō no Pet na Kanojo](/wiki/Sakura-s%C5%8D_no_Pet_na_Kanojo \"Sakura-sō no Pet na Kanojo\")*\n* Misaki Shouta, a character in the manga *Hana No Mizo Shiru*\n* Misaki Okusawa, a character from the *[BanG Dream!](/wiki/BanG_Dream%21 \"BanG Dream!\")* media franchise\n* [Misaki](/wiki/Characters_of_the_Dead_or_Alive_series%23Misaki \"Characters of the Dead or Alive series#Misaki\"), a character from the *[Dead or Alive Xtreme 3](/wiki/Dead_or_Alive_Xtreme_3 \"Dead or Alive Xtreme 3\")*\n* Misaki Tobisawa (鳶沢 みさき), a main heroine in the visual novel and anime *[Aokana \\- Four Rhythms Across the Blue](/wiki/Aokana_-_Four_Rhythms_Across_the_Blue \"Aokana - Four Rhythms Across the Blue\")* and the main heroine in the sequel EXTRA2\\.\n",
"Characters with the surname\n---------------------------\n\n* Taro Misaki (岬), a male character in the manga, anime, and video game series *[Captain Tsubasa](/wiki/Captain_Tsubasa \"Captain Tsubasa\")*\n* Hana Misaki (岬 話), a manager of Jōzenji High in *[Haikyū!!](/wiki/Haiky%C5%AB%21%21 \"Haikyū!!\")*\n* Ryo Misaki (岬), a minor character in the anime *[Angelic Layer](/wiki/Angelic_Layer \"Angelic Layer\")*\n* Shiki Misaki, a protagonist in the video game *[The World Ends with You](/wiki/The_World_Ends_with_You \"The World Ends with You\")*\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Japanese feminine given names](/wiki/Category:Japanese_feminine_given_names \"Japanese feminine given names\")\n[Category:Feminine given names](/wiki/Category:Feminine_given_names \"Feminine given names\")\n[Category:Japanese\\-language surnames](/wiki/Category:Japanese-language_surnames \"Japanese-language surnames\")\n\n"
]
} |
HD 35984 | {
"id": [
35936988
],
"name": [
"JJMC89 bot III"
]
} | nr7r36o05ox6scxc5hbmemzlb9tj662 | 2024-07-21T07:50:48Z | 1,123,910,788 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**HD 35984** is [star](/wiki/Star \"Star\") in the northern constellation [Auriga](/wiki/Auriga_%28constellation%29 \"Auriga (constellation)\"). It has an [apparent magnitude](/wiki/Apparent_magnitude \"Apparent magnitude\") of 6\\.20, which, according to the [Bortle scale](/wiki/Bortle_scale \"Bortle scale\"), indicates it is faintly visible to the naked eye from dark rural skies. [Parallax](/wiki/Stellar_parallax \"Stellar parallax\") measurements by the [Hipparcos](/wiki/Hipparcos \"Hipparcos\") satellite indicates it lies at a distance of roughly 290 [light years](/wiki/Light_years \"Light years\") away.\n\nA [stellar classification](/wiki/Stellar_classification \"Stellar classification\") of F6III suggests that this is an evolved [giant star](/wiki/Giant_star \"Giant star\") that has consumed the supply of hydrogen at its core. However, X\\-ray emission, variations in luminosity, and levels of lithium may indicate that this is instead a weak\\-lined [T Tauri star](/wiki/T_Tauri_star \"T Tauri star\")—a low mass [pre\\-main sequence star](/wiki/Pre-main_sequence_star \"Pre-main sequence star\") that is relatively poor in circumstellar matter.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [HR 1822](http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?HR%201822)\n* [Image HD 35984](http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinPreview?-c=05+29+40.6543%2B29+11+11.271&ident=HD++35984&submit=Aladin+previewer)\n\n[Category:Auriga](/wiki/Category:Auriga \"Auriga\")\n[035984](/wiki/Category:Henry_Draper_Catalogue_objects \"Henry Draper Catalogue objects\")\n[025730](/wiki/Category:Hipparcos_objects \"Hipparcos objects\")\n[Category:F\\-type giants](/wiki/Category:F-type_giants \"F-type giants\")\n[1822](/wiki/Category:Bright_Star_Catalogue_objects \"Bright Star Catalogue objects\")\n[Category:Durchmusterung objects](/wiki/Category:Durchmusterung_objects \"Durchmusterung objects\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Abdel Latif Ahmed | {
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
} | n3vzfmqe8m9ogzw4zqb2n9ievxbqp3l | 2024-07-26T21:37:22Z | 1,236,712,274 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Clubs",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Abdel Latif Ahmed** () (born August 13, 1983\\) is an Egyptian indoor [volleyball](/wiki/Volleyball \"Volleyball\") player. He was part of the [Egypt national team](/wiki/Egypt_men%27s_national_volleyball_team \"Egypt men's national volleyball team\") at the [2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics \"2008 Summer Olympics\"). He is a middle blocker and is 202 cm tall.\n\n",
"Clubs\n-----\n\n* **Current** – [El Nasr](/wiki/Al_Nasr_FC_%28Cairo%29 \"Al Nasr FC (Cairo)\")\n* **Debut** – [AHLY](/wiki/AHLY \"AHLY\")\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [FIVB profile](http://www.fivb.org/EN/Volleyball/Competitions/Olympics/2008/M/Teams/VB_PlayerDB.asp?No=114108)\n[Category:1983 births](/wiki/Category:1983_births \"1983 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Egyptian men's volleyball players](/wiki/Category:Egyptian_men%27s_volleyball_players \"Egyptian men's volleyball players\")\n[Category:Sportspeople from Cairo](/wiki/Category:Sportspeople_from_Cairo \"Sportspeople from Cairo\")\n[Category:Volleyball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/Category:Volleyball_players_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics \"Volleyball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics\")\n[Category:Olympic volleyball players for Egypt](/wiki/Category:Olympic_volleyball_players_for_Egypt \"Olympic volleyball players for Egypt\")\n[Category:Al Ahly (men's volleyball) players](/wiki/Category:Al_Ahly_%28men%27s_volleyball%29_players \"Al Ahly (men's volleyball) players\")\n[Category:21st\\-century Egyptian sportspeople](/wiki/Category:21st-century_Egyptian_sportspeople \"21st-century Egyptian sportspeople\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Aghajari Gas Injection Project | {
"id": [
29521225
],
"name": [
"Subwaymuncher"
]
} | e6zkn941bw6b4h1xiz08gj5gjjr0vb3 | 2019-12-02T05:57:51Z | 928,874,143 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References and footnotes"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Aghajari Gas Injection Project** is the world’s biggest [enhanced oil recovery](/wiki/Enhanced_oil_recovery \"Enhanced oil recovery\")) project to be inaugurated in Iran in late 2008\\.\n\nThe reservoir dimension of [Aghajari fields](/wiki/Aghajari_oil_field \"Aghajari oil field\") is 56×6 km with the original oil\\-in\\-place of and 10\\.2 billion barrels of recoverable oil (based on latest studies). The total quantities extracted since the start of operations at Aghajari till this date have been 8\\.8 bn barrels.[PEDEC Website](http://pedec.ir/plandetail-en-36.html) \n\nHowever, production has been on the decline because of loss of pressure and oil extraction, so that current output is a day.\n\nWith injection of of gas per day ( of gas in total) from the south pars field and subsequent buildup of pressure, an additional quantity of of oil will be produced. It is also estimated that daily crude oil output of the field will increase to .\n\nProject consists of three main parts;\n\n* Upstream:\n\nDevelopment of South Pars phases 6, 7 and 8\\.\n\n* Midstream:\n\nThe 504\\-km long, 56\\-inch pipeline for transfer of sour gas from the South Pars gas field phases 6,7 and 8 to be injected to Aghajari oilfield.\n\n* Downstream:\n\nInstallation of a gas\\-compression station, drilling of 19 new wells, work over of 3 existing wells for gas injection, installing pipelines on 2 existing gas injecting wells.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [World Largest Gas Fields](/wiki/World_Largest_Gas_Fields \"World Largest Gas Fields\")\n* [National Iranian Gas Company](/wiki/National_Iranian_Gas_Company \"National Iranian Gas Company\")\n* [NIOC Recent Discoveries](/wiki/NIOC_Recent_Discoveries \"NIOC Recent Discoveries\")\n* [Iran Natural Gas Reserves](/wiki/Iran_Natural_Gas_Reserves \"Iran Natural Gas Reserves\")\n* [South Pars](/wiki/South_Pars \"South Pars\")\n* [North Pars](/wiki/North_Pars \"North Pars\")\n* [Kish Gas Field](/wiki/Kish_Gas_Field \"Kish Gas Field\")\n* [Golshan Gas Field](/wiki/Golshan_Gas_Field \"Golshan Gas Field\")\n* [Ferdowsi Gas Field](/wiki/Ferdowsi_Gas_Field \"Ferdowsi Gas Field\")\n* [Persian LNG](/wiki/Persian_LNG \"Persian LNG\")\n* [Iran Gas Trunkline (IGAT)](/wiki/Iran_Gas_Trunkline_%28IGAT%29 \"Iran Gas Trunkline (IGAT)\")\n",
"References and footnotes\n------------------------\n\n[Category:Petroleum industry in Iran](/wiki/Category:Petroleum_industry_in_Iran \"Petroleum industry in Iran\")\n\n"
]
} |
Michele Polverino | {
"id": [
29463730
],
"name": [
"PrimeBOT"
]
} | fhwqfto6j3d4uf7frqwohz6cu9rki7u | 2024-10-15T22:49:55Z | 1,208,431,183 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club career",
"FC Schaan",
"FC Vaduz",
"Olbia Calcio",
"Second spell with FC Vaduz",
"FC Aarau",
"Steel Azin",
"Wolfsberger AC",
"Third spell with FC Vaduz",
"FC Rapperswil-Jona",
"FC Balzers",
"International career",
"Career statistics",
"Honours",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Michele Polverino** (born 26 September 1984\\) is a former professional [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\") who played as a [midfielder](/wiki/Midfielder \"Midfielder\"). Born in Switzerland, he made 79 appearances for the [Liechtenstein national team](/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team \"Liechtenstein national football team\") scoring six goals.\n\n",
"Club career\n-----------\n\n### FC Schaan\n\nPolverino played for the youth teams of [FC Schaan](/wiki/FC_Schaan \"FC Schaan\") until he was 18, when he moved to [FC Vaduz](/wiki/FC_Vaduz \"FC Vaduz\")\n\n### FC Vaduz\n\nHe joined FC Vaduz in the summer of 2002, making 11 league appearances in his first season in the [Swiss Challenge League](/wiki/Swiss_Challenge_League \"Swiss Challenge League\") (then known as the Nationalliga B). He remained with Vaduz until the end of the 2004–05 season, making 60 league appearances and scoring 8 goals.\n\n### Olbia Calcio\n\nFor the 2005–06 season, Polverino played for [Olbia Calcio](/wiki/Olbia_Calcio_1905 \"Olbia Calcio 1905\") of [Serie C2](/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_Serie_C2 \"2005–06 Serie C2\"), making 26 league appearances and scoring 1 goal as the club narrowly avoided relegation by winning the relegation playoff.\n\n### Second spell with FC Vaduz\n\nPolverino rejoined Vaduz at the end of the 2005–06 season. He was part of the FC Vaduz squad that won promotion to the [Swiss Super League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\") for the first time in the club's history in the 2007–08 season. He left at the end of the 2008–09 season, after the club was relegated back to the Swiss Challenge League.\n\n### FC Aarau\n\nAt the start of the 2009–10 season, Polverino joined [FC Aarau](/wiki/FC_Aarau \"FC Aarau\") of the Swiss Super League. At the end of the season the club was relegated down to the second tier, with Polverino leaving at the end of the 2010–11 season. He played 51 league matches for Aarau\n\n### Steel Azin\n\nPolverino spent one season at [Steel Azin](/wiki/Steel_Azin_F.C. \"Steel Azin F.C.\") of the Iranian [Azadegan League](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Azadegan_League \"2011–12 Azadegan League\") (2nd tier of Iranian football). He was part of the squad that initially finished 3rd in the league, but the team was docked 12 points by FIFA and relegated to the 3rd tier.\n\n### Wolfsberger AC\n\nPolverino joined [Wolfsberger AC](/wiki/Wolfsberger_AC \"Wolfsberger AC\") of the [Austrian Bundesliga](/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"Austrian Football Bundesliga\") in 2012, making 53 league appearances and 6 appearances in the [ÖFB\\-Cup](/wiki/%C3%96FB-Cup \"ÖFB-Cup\") in his 2 seasons with the club.\n\n### Third spell with FC Vaduz\n\nFor the 2014–15 season, Polverino returned again to FC Vaduz, however he made just 4 league appearances for the club and left at the end of the season\n\n### FC Rapperswil\\-Jona\n\nPolverino joined Rapperswil\\-Jona for two months in 2016, making 3 league appearances\n\n### FC Balzers\n\nPolverino joined [FC Balzers](/wiki/FC_Balzers \"FC Balzers\"), a Liechtenstein club playing in the [Swiss 1st League](/wiki/Swiss_1._Liga_%28football%29 \"Swiss 1. Liga (football)\") (4th tier), in 2016\\.\n\n",
"### FC Schaan\n\nPolverino played for the youth teams of [FC Schaan](/wiki/FC_Schaan \"FC Schaan\") until he was 18, when he moved to [FC Vaduz](/wiki/FC_Vaduz \"FC Vaduz\")\n\n",
"### FC Vaduz\n\nHe joined FC Vaduz in the summer of 2002, making 11 league appearances in his first season in the [Swiss Challenge League](/wiki/Swiss_Challenge_League \"Swiss Challenge League\") (then known as the Nationalliga B). He remained with Vaduz until the end of the 2004–05 season, making 60 league appearances and scoring 8 goals.\n\n",
"### Olbia Calcio\n\nFor the 2005–06 season, Polverino played for [Olbia Calcio](/wiki/Olbia_Calcio_1905 \"Olbia Calcio 1905\") of [Serie C2](/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_Serie_C2 \"2005–06 Serie C2\"), making 26 league appearances and scoring 1 goal as the club narrowly avoided relegation by winning the relegation playoff.\n\n",
"### Second spell with FC Vaduz\n\nPolverino rejoined Vaduz at the end of the 2005–06 season. He was part of the FC Vaduz squad that won promotion to the [Swiss Super League](/wiki/Swiss_Super_League \"Swiss Super League\") for the first time in the club's history in the 2007–08 season. He left at the end of the 2008–09 season, after the club was relegated back to the Swiss Challenge League.\n\n",
"### FC Aarau\n\nAt the start of the 2009–10 season, Polverino joined [FC Aarau](/wiki/FC_Aarau \"FC Aarau\") of the Swiss Super League. At the end of the season the club was relegated down to the second tier, with Polverino leaving at the end of the 2010–11 season. He played 51 league matches for Aarau\n\n",
"### Steel Azin\n\nPolverino spent one season at [Steel Azin](/wiki/Steel_Azin_F.C. \"Steel Azin F.C.\") of the Iranian [Azadegan League](/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Azadegan_League \"2011–12 Azadegan League\") (2nd tier of Iranian football). He was part of the squad that initially finished 3rd in the league, but the team was docked 12 points by FIFA and relegated to the 3rd tier.\n\n",
"### Wolfsberger AC\n\nPolverino joined [Wolfsberger AC](/wiki/Wolfsberger_AC \"Wolfsberger AC\") of the [Austrian Bundesliga](/wiki/Austrian_Football_Bundesliga \"Austrian Football Bundesliga\") in 2012, making 53 league appearances and 6 appearances in the [ÖFB\\-Cup](/wiki/%C3%96FB-Cup \"ÖFB-Cup\") in his 2 seasons with the club.\n\n",
"### Third spell with FC Vaduz\n\nFor the 2014–15 season, Polverino returned again to FC Vaduz, however he made just 4 league appearances for the club and left at the end of the season\n\n",
"### FC Rapperswil\\-Jona\n\nPolverino joined Rapperswil\\-Jona for two months in 2016, making 3 league appearances\n\n",
"### FC Balzers\n\nPolverino joined [FC Balzers](/wiki/FC_Balzers \"FC Balzers\"), a Liechtenstein club playing in the [Swiss 1st League](/wiki/Swiss_1._Liga_%28football%29 \"Swiss 1. Liga (football)\") (4th tier), in 2016\\.\n\n",
"International career\n--------------------\n\nPolverino made his international debut on 2 June 2007, in a 1–1 draw with [Iceland](/wiki/Iceland_national_football_team \"Iceland national football team\") in [EURO 2008 qualifying](/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2008_qualifying \"UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying\").\n\nOn 17 November 2019, Polverino announced he was to retire from international football after the [EURO 2020 qualifying](/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020_qualifying \"UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying\") match against [Bosnia and Herzegovina](/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team \"Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team\"). The game was his 79th and final cap for his country.\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n*Scores and results list Liechtenstein's goal tally first.*\n\n| \\# | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1\\. | 9 September 2009 | [Rheinpark Stadion](/wiki/Rheinpark_Stadion \"Rheinpark Stadion\"), [Vaduz](/wiki/Vaduz \"Vaduz\"), [Liechtenstein](/wiki/Liechtenstein \"Liechtenstein\") | | **1**–1 | 1–1 | [2010 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2010_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_4 \"2010 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 4\") |\n| 2\\. | 9 February 2011 | [Stadio Olimpico](/wiki/Stadio_Olimpico_%28San_Marino%29 \"Stadio Olimpico (San Marino)\"), [Serravalle](/wiki/Serravalle_%28San_Marino%29 \"Serravalle (San Marino)\"), [San Marino](/wiki/San_Marino \"San Marino\") | | **1**–0 | 1–0 | [Friendly](/wiki/Exhibition_game \"Exhibition game\") |\n| 3\\. | 3 June 2011 | Rheinpark Stadion, Vaduz, Liechtenstein | | **2**–0 | 2–0 | [UEFA Euro 2012 qualification](/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012_qualifying_Group_I \"UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying Group I\") |\n| 4\\. | 22 March 2013 | Rheinpark Stadion, Vaduz, Liechtenstein | | **1**–0 | 1–1 | [2014 FIFA World Cup qualification](/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_G \"2014 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group G\") |\n| 5\\. | 14 August 2013 | Rheinpark Stadion, Vaduz, Liechtenstein | | **2**–2 | 2–3 | Friendly |\n| 6\\. | 14 December 2017 | [Hamad bin Khalifa Stadium](/wiki/Hamad_bin_Khalifa_Stadium \"Hamad bin Khalifa Stadium\"), [Doha](/wiki/Doha \"Doha\"), [Qatar](/wiki/Qatar \"Qatar\") | | **2**–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |\n\n",
"Honours\n-------\n\n* U\\-15 Swiss Cup\\-winner\n* Promotion with [FC Vaduz](/wiki/FC_Vaduz \"FC Vaduz\") to the [Axpo Super League](/wiki/Axpo_Super_League \"Axpo Super League\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Michele Polverino Interview](https://www.transfermarkt.ch/michele-polverino-bdquo-wir-sind-in-liechtenstein-eine-familie-ldquo-/view/news/24749)\n\n[Category:1984 births](/wiki/Category:1984_births \"1984 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Liechtenstein men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Liechtenstein_men%27s_footballers \"Liechtenstein men's footballers\")\n[Category:Liechtenstein men's international footballers](/wiki/Category:Liechtenstein_men%27s_international_footballers \"Liechtenstein men's international footballers\")\n[Category:Swiss men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Swiss_men%27s_footballers \"Swiss men's footballers\")\n[Category:Liechtenstein people of Italian descent](/wiki/Category:Liechtenstein_people_of_Italian_descent \"Liechtenstein people of Italian descent\")\n[Category:Swiss people of Italian descent](/wiki/Category:Swiss_people_of_Italian_descent \"Swiss people of Italian descent\")\n[Category:FC Vaduz players](/wiki/Category:FC_Vaduz_players \"FC Vaduz players\")\n[Category:FC Aarau players](/wiki/Category:FC_Aarau_players \"FC Aarau players\")\n[Category:Swiss Super League players](/wiki/Category:Swiss_Super_League_players \"Swiss Super League players\")\n[Category:Wolfsberger AC players](/wiki/Category:Wolfsberger_AC_players \"Wolfsberger AC players\")\n[Category:Steel Azin F.C. players](/wiki/Category:Steel_Azin_F.C._players \"Steel Azin F.C. players\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:SV Ried players](/wiki/Category:SV_Ried_players \"SV Ried players\")\n[Category:FC Rapperswil\\-Jona players](/wiki/Category:FC_Rapperswil-Jona_players \"FC Rapperswil-Jona players\")\n[Category:FC Balzers players](/wiki/Category:FC_Balzers_players \"FC Balzers players\")\n\n"
]
} |
Kibithu | {
"id": [
1544984
],
"name": [
"Dawnseeker2000"
]
} | opec6p9b0bzgm9ilio57efij5s0wwkk | 2024-09-09T04:09:14Z | 1,217,602,387 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"History",
"Transport",
"India-China Border Personnel Meeting point",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Kibithu**, also spelled **Kibithoo**, is a village in [Arunachal Pradesh](/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh \"Arunachal Pradesh\") in [Anjaw district](/wiki/Anjaw_district \"Anjaw district\"), India. It is one of the easternmost permanently populated towns of [India](/wiki/India \"India\"), located on the [LAC (line of actual control)](/wiki/Line_of_Actual_Control \"Line of Actual Control\") at . It is nearly 70 km north of district headquarter at [Hawai](/wiki/Hawai%2C_Arunachal_Pradesh \"Hawai, Arunachal Pradesh\"), nearly 15 km south of India\\-China LAC ([Kaho](/wiki/Kaho%2C_India \"Kaho, India\")), and 40 km west of [Diphu Pass](/wiki/Diphu_Pass \"Diphu Pass\") near India\\-China\\-Myanmar tri\\-junction. The [Lohit River](/wiki/Lohit_River \"Lohit River\") enters India north of Kibithu at Kaho. Nearest air connectivity is 20 km in the south at [Walong airstrip](/wiki/Walong_Advanced_Landing_Ground \"Walong Advanced Landing Ground\") in [Walong](/wiki/Walong \"Walong\"). It is considered India's first village.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\nMany Indian soldiers sacrificed their lives there before slaying approximately 4000 Chinese troops at [Namti](/wiki/Namti \"Namti\") in the [Battle of Walong](/wiki/Walong%23History \"Walong#History\"). The Chinese army still has a sizable deployment of troops opposite Kibithu Tatu, [Tithang](/wiki/Tithang \"Tithang\") and at [Rongto Chu](/wiki/Rongto_Chu \"Rongto Chu\") valley west of Tithang ([Rima](/wiki/Rima%2C_Tibet \"Rima, Tibet\")). The entire Chinese deployment opposite Kibithu is maintained via the Rau transit point. Prior to 1962 Indians were supplying rice and other rations from Kibithu to Rima cooperative for [Tibetan](/wiki/Tibet \"Tibet\") villagers. These rations were ultimately consumed by Chinese [People's Liberation Army](/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army \"People's Liberation Army\") troops during their deployment before 1962 war.\n\n",
"Transport\n---------\n\nThe proposed Mago\\-[Thingbu](/wiki/Thingbu \"Thingbu\") to [Vijaynagar](/wiki/Vijaynagar%2C_Changlang \"Vijaynagar, Changlang\") [Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway](/wiki/Mago-Thingbu_to_Vijaynagar_Border_Road \"Mago-Thingbu to Vijaynagar Border Road\") along the [McMahon Line](/wiki/McMahon_Line \"McMahon Line\"), (will intersect with the proposed [East\\-West Industrial Corridor Highway](/wiki/East-West_Industrial_Corridor_Highway%2C_Arunachal_Pradesh \"East-West Industrial Corridor Highway, Arunachal Pradesh\")) and will pass through this district, alignment map of which can be seen [here](http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20141016/nat7.jpg) and [here](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112247/http://arunachalpradesh.nic.in/images/state_map.jpg).\n\n",
"India\\-China Border Personnel Meeting point\n-------------------------------------------\n\nIt is also one of the five officially agreed [Border Personnel Meeting points](/wiki/Border_Personnel_Meeting_point \"Border Personnel Meeting point\") between the [Indian Army](/wiki/Indian_Army \"Indian Army\") and the [People's Liberation Army](/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army \"People's Liberation Army\") of China for regular consultations and interactions between the two armies, which helps in defusing stand\\-offs.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Arunachali cuisine](/wiki/Arunachali_cuisine \"Arunachali cuisine\")\n* [List of institutions of higher education in Arunachal Pradesh](/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Arunachal_Pradesh \"List of institutions of higher education in Arunachal Pradesh\")\n* [List of people from Arunachal Pradesh](/wiki/List_of_people_from_Arunachal_Pradesh \"List of people from Arunachal Pradesh\")\n* [North\\-East Frontier Agency](/wiki/North-East_Frontier_Agency \"North-East Frontier Agency\")\n* [Religion in Arunachal Pradesh](/wiki/Religion_in_Arunachal_Pradesh \"Religion in Arunachal Pradesh\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Anjaw district](/wiki/Category:Anjaw_district \"Anjaw district\")\n[Category:Villages in Anjaw district](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Anjaw_district \"Villages in Anjaw district\")\n[Category:Borders of Arunachal Pradesh](/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Arunachal_Pradesh \"Borders of Arunachal Pradesh\")\n\n"
]
} |
Golden Pot | {
"id": [
5851537
],
"name": [
"Tony Holkham"
]
} | ejs4cqosmi08mlktef61e9d1010ertz | 2024-09-30T12:41:15Z | 1,187,309,108 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Golden Pot** is a hamlet in the [East Hampshire](/wiki/East_Hampshire \"East Hampshire\") district of [Hampshire](/wiki/Hampshire \"Hampshire\"), England. It lies 2\\.4 miles (3\\.9 km) north of [Alton](/wiki/Alton%2C_Hampshire \"Alton, Hampshire\"), on the B3349 road.\n\nThe nearest railway station is 2\\.4 miles (3\\.9 km) south of the village, at [Alton](/wiki/Alton_railway_station \"Alton railway station\").\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n \n\n[Category:Villages in Hampshire](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Hampshire \"Villages in Hampshire\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Tyler, Florida | {
"id": [
39191556
],
"name": [
"SimLibrarian"
]
} | sr7ojq0vvm6aqg5wtkban68wmppcgzl | 2023-11-10T02:47:40Z | 1,167,739,185 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Geography",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Tyler** was an [unincorporated community](/wiki/Unincorporated_area \"Unincorporated area\") in [Gilchrist County](/wiki/Gilchrist_County%2C_Florida \"Gilchrist County, Florida\"), [Florida](/wiki/Florida \"Florida\"), United States. It was located approximately northeast of [Trenton](/wiki/Trenton%2C_Florida \"Trenton, Florida\").\n\n",
"Geography\n---------\n\nTyler is located at , its elevation .\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Gilchrist County, Florida](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Gilchrist_County%2C_Florida \"Unincorporated communities in Gilchrist County, Florida\")\n[Category:Unincorporated communities in Florida](/wiki/Category:Unincorporated_communities_in_Florida \"Unincorporated communities in Florida\")\n[Category:Former municipalities in Florida](/wiki/Category:Former_municipalities_in_Florida \"Former municipalities in Florida\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Zakrzewo Wielkie | {
"id": [
6569922
],
"name": [
"Addbot"
]
} | gegelxusaouvlfzn8qpprv9b2golf77 | 2013-03-19T17:10:36Z | 534,805,198 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Zakrzewo Wielkie"
],
"level": [
1
],
"content": [
"**Zakrzewo Wielkie** may refer to the following places:\n* [Zakrzewo Wielkie, Ciechanów County](/wiki/Zakrzewo_Wielkie%2C_Ciechan%C3%B3w_County \"Zakrzewo Wielkie, Ciechanów County\") in Masovian Voivodeship (east\\-central Poland)\n* [Zakrzewo Wielkie, Mława County](/wiki/Zakrzewo_Wielkie%2C_M%C5%82awa_County \"Zakrzewo Wielkie, Mława County\") in Masovian Voivodeship (east\\-central Poland)\n* [Zakrzewo Wielkie, Ostrów Mazowiecka County](/wiki/Zakrzewo_Wielkie%2C_Ostr%C3%B3w_Mazowiecka_County \"Zakrzewo Wielkie, Ostrów Mazowiecka County\") in Masovian Voivodeship (east\\-central Poland)\n\n"
]
} |
Ludovick Duncombe-Jewell Cameron | {
"id": [
2884580
],
"name": [
"Kaliforniyka"
]
} | cjpcnkk27982cgqnmija1rat25is4uq | 2024-09-14T04:42:03Z | 1,245,632,311 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Family",
"Military service",
"Writing career",
"Interest in Cornish Nationalism",
"Works",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nCapt. **Ludovick Charles Richard Duncombe\\-Jewell Cameron** (born **Richard Duncombe Jewell**; 10 September 1866 – 22 February 1947\\) was a British eccentric who was variously a soldier, war and sports journalist, sportsman, poet, and champion of the [Cornish language](/wiki/Cornish_language \"Cornish language\"). He repeatedly changed his name and claimed to be the Chieftain of [Cameron of Erracht](/wiki/Cameron_of_Erracht \"Cameron of Erracht\").\n\n",
"Family\n------\n\nCameron was born at [Liskeard](/wiki/Liskeard \"Liskeard\") in [Cornwall](/wiki/Cornwall \"Cornwall\"), the son of Richard Jewell and Mary Cluett Isaac. His parents were members of the [Plymouth Brethren](/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren \"Plymouth Brethren\"). He was educated privately. He converted to [Catholicism](/wiki/Catholicism \"Catholicism\") in 1891 and changed his first name to Ludovick.\n\nHe assumed the additional surname Duncombe in accordance with his grandmother's will in 1895 and in 1904 assumed the additional surname Cameron when he married his second wife, Janet Sarah Bruce, daughter of Gen. [Robert Bruce of Glendouglie](/wiki/Robert_Bruce_%28British_Army_officer%2C_born_1821%29 \"Robert Bruce (British Army officer, born 1821)\"). He also changed his name from Louis to Ludovick Charles.\n\nWhen he was 14, his parents moved to South London, which brought him into contact with the occultist [Aleister Crowley](/wiki/Aleister_Crowley \"Aleister Crowley\"). The two remained lifelong associates.\n\n",
"Military service\n----------------\n\nFormerly a Lieutenant in the 3rd Volunteer Battalion of the [Royal Fusiliers](/wiki/Royal_Fusiliers \"Royal Fusiliers\"), he represented *[The Times](/wiki/The_Times \"The Times\")* in Spain during the rumours of an impending [Carlist](/wiki/Carlist \"Carlist\") rising in 1898–99, and served as a Special War Correspondent for the *[Morning Post](/wiki/Morning_Post \"Morning Post\")* newspaper in South Africa, the same paper that also employed [Winston Churchill](/wiki/Winston_Churchill \"Winston Churchill\"), with the 3rd Division South African Field Force.\n\n",
"Writing career\n--------------\n\nCameron was a noted historian, novelist and verse\\-writer, and made numerous contributions to the *[Pall Mall Gazette](/wiki/Pall_Mall_Gazette \"Pall Mall Gazette\")*, and many other publications of the period. He worked as a special war correspondent of *[The Times](/wiki/The_Times \"The Times\")* and *[The Morning Post](/wiki/The_Morning_Post \"The Morning Post\")*. He was editor of *Armorial Cornwall*, founder and Hon. Sec. Celtic\\-Cornish Society, and leader of the Cornish Language Movement. He was also an expert in the works of occultist [Aleister Crowley](/wiki/Aleister_Crowley \"Aleister Crowley\"). Cameron lived at Crowley's Scottish residence [Boleskine House](/wiki/Boleskine_House \"Boleskine House\") for several years from 1903\\. \n\n",
"Interest in Cornish Nationalism\n-------------------------------\n\nDuring the 1890s, Cameron flirted with the [Neo\\-Jacobite Revival](/wiki/Neo-Jacobite_Revival \"Neo-Jacobite Revival\"). He wrote a piece on the movement for *The Albemarle*, which was critical of the more political [Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland](/wiki/Legitimist_Jacobite_League_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland \"Legitimist Jacobite League of Great Britain and Ireland\"), but favourable towards the more artistic [Order of White Rose](/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose_%281886%E2%80%931915%29 \"Order of the White Rose (1886–1915)\").\n\nIn 1901, he founded the Cornish Celtic Society (), and at the [Pan Celtic Congress](/wiki/Celtic_Congress \"Celtic Congress\") of 1901 made a spirited plea for recognition of Cornwall as a [Celtic nation](/wiki/Celtic_nations \"Celtic nations\").Koch, John T. *Celtic Culture*; p. 495\n\nHe was a [flamboyant](/wiki/Flamboyant \"Flamboyant\") individual who appeared at the 1902 [Bangor](/wiki/Bangor%2C_Gwynedd \"Bangor, Gwynedd\") [Eisteddfod](/wiki/Eisteddfod \"Eisteddfod\") as the Cornish delegate sporting a traditional Cornish costume of his own design. He was made a bard by the Welsh [Gorsedd](/wiki/Gorsedd \"Gorsedd\") in 1904 and took the [bardic name](/wiki/Bardic_name \"Bardic name\") of *Bardd Glas* (the Blue Bard) because he was clad from his tights to his cap in this colour. Also involved with Cowethas Kelto Kernuak was [Henry Jenner](/wiki/Henry_Jenner \"Henry Jenner\") who later retired to Cornwall following a distinguished career as librarian at the [British Museum](/wiki/British_Museum \"British Museum\"). Together with Jenner, he was jointly responsible for Cornwall gaining its acceptance as a Celtic nation by the Pan [Celtic Congress](/wiki/Celtic_Congress \"Celtic Congress\") of 1904\\. Later Jenner helped found the [Cornish Gorseth](/wiki/Cornish_Gorseth \"Cornish Gorseth\").\n\nThe Cowethas Kelto Kernuak organisation petered out, when in 1903, Cameron left Cornwall to live at Boleskine near [Loch Ness](/wiki/Loch_Ness \"Loch Ness\") and the colourful and enigmatic Bardd Glas progressively turned his attention away from Cornish Celtic culture to Welsh.\n\n",
"Works\n-----\n\n* *The Handbook to British Military Stations Abroad* (1898\\)\n* *Otters and Otter\\-hunting*, L. Upcott Gill, 1908\\.\n* *Wild Foods of Great Britain: where to find and how to cook them*, George Routledge \\& Sons Ltd, 1917, (1977 reprint)\n* *Minor Field Sports*, : London George Routledge \\& Sons N/D, 1920, (2005 reprint)\n* *Rod, Pole \\& Perch: Fishing \\& Otter Hunting Sketches*, [Martin Hopkinson \\& Company](/wiki/Martin_Hopkinson_%26_Co. \"Martin Hopkinson & Co.\"), London, 1928, (2006 reprint)\n* *Love\\-Lies\\-Bleeding*: lyrics in Old French verse\\-forms (1929\\)\n* *The Lady of the Leash: A Sporting Novel.*, London, Lincoln Williams, 1935\n* *The Hunting Horn: What to Blow and How to Blow it*, London, Kohler \\& Son N/D\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1866 births](/wiki/Category:1866_births \"1866 births\")\n[Category:1947 deaths](/wiki/Category:1947_deaths \"1947 deaths\")\n[Category:Bards of Gorsedh Kernow](/wiki/Category:Bards_of_Gorsedh_Kernow \"Bards of Gorsedh Kernow\")\n[Category:Bards of the Gorsedd](/wiki/Category:Bards_of_the_Gorsedd \"Bards of the Gorsedd\")\n[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Protestantism](/wiki/Category:Converts_to_Roman_Catholicism_from_Protestantism \"Converts to Roman Catholicism from Protestantism\")\n[Category:Writers from Cornwall](/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Cornwall \"Writers from Cornwall\")\n[Category:Cornish nationalists](/wiki/Category:Cornish_nationalists \"Cornish nationalists\")\n[Category:British war correspondents](/wiki/Category:British_war_correspondents \"British war correspondents\")\n[Category:British Plymouth Brethren](/wiki/Category:British_Plymouth_Brethren \"British Plymouth Brethren\")\n[Category:People from Liskeard](/wiki/Category:People_from_Liskeard \"People from Liskeard\")\n[Category:Royal Fusiliers officers](/wiki/Category:Royal_Fusiliers_officers \"Royal Fusiliers officers\")\n[Category:Celtic studies scholars](/wiki/Category:Celtic_studies_scholars \"Celtic studies scholars\")\n[Category:Cornish\\-speaking people](/wiki/Category:Cornish-speaking_people \"Cornish-speaking people\")\n[Category:Neo\\-Jacobite Revival](/wiki/Category:Neo-Jacobite_Revival \"Neo-Jacobite Revival\")\n\n"
]
} |
Ivanov (band) | {
"id": [
32694456
],
"name": [
"LaundryPizza03"
]
} | jntaedqik6rcfy3h7gn1twel5yafohj | 2024-06-09T03:30:03Z | 1,126,906,292 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ivanov** is a French band, [one\\-hit wonder](/wiki/One-hit_wonder \"One-hit wonder\"), composed of Aliocha Berman, Walter Troiani, Patrick Laithier, Gilles Petitjean, and Yves Renaud. The band had its greatest hit in 1989, with \"[Les Nuits sans soleil](/wiki/Les_Nuits_sans_soleil \"Les Nuits sans soleil\")\", which earned a [Silver](/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification \"Music recording sales certification\") disc and reached number 7 on the French [SNEP](/wiki/SNEP \"SNEP\") Singles Chart, in which it stayed for 16 weeks.\"Les Nuits sans soleil\", French Singles Chart [Lescharts.com](http://lescharts.com/showitem.asp?key=266196&cat=s) (Retrieved October 13, 2008\\) The next single, \"Aventurier\", released in 1990, and the album *Casser le destin*, were not unsuccessful. Band's members were both writers and composers of their singles.Elia Habib, *Muz hit. tubes*, p. 174 ()\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:French musical groups](/wiki/Category:French_musical_groups \"French musical groups\")\n[Category:Musical groups established in 1989](/wiki/Category:Musical_groups_established_in_1989 \"Musical groups established in 1989\")\n\n"
]
} |
Miguel Fallardo | {
"id": [
28779459
],
"name": [
"Lepricavark"
]
} | cupppq03yi11zaeds60kk6qihxooega | 2024-09-26T11:09:12Z | 1,164,477,217 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n **Miguel Fallardo** (born 24 June 1986, [Portugal](/wiki/Portugal \"Portugal\")) is a [Portuguese](/wiki/Portugal \"Portugal\") [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\").\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Profile at football\\-lineups.com](http://www.football-lineups.com/footballer/29023/)\n\n[Category:1987 births](/wiki/Category:1987_births \"1987 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Portuguese men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Portuguese_men%27s_footballers \"Portuguese men's footballers\")\n[Category:Men's association football midfielders](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_midfielders \"Men's association football midfielders\")\n[Category:Liga I players](/wiki/Category:Liga_I_players \"Liga I players\")\n[Category:FC Gloria Buzău players](/wiki/Category:FC_Gloria_Buz%C4%83u_players \"FC Gloria Buzău players\")\n[Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Romania](/wiki/Category:Expatriate_men%27s_footballers_in_Romania \"Expatriate men's footballers in Romania\")\n[Category:Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Romania](/wiki/Category:Portuguese_expatriate_sportspeople_in_Romania \"Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Romania\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Pistol River State Scenic Viewpoint | {
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
} | juocj1wopm6zqqpeht34ok0vuu19e6c | 2023-08-03T01:27:49Z | 1,085,869,195 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Pistol River State Scenic Viewpoint** is a [state park](/wiki/State_park \"State park\") in the [U.S. state](/wiki/U.S._state \"U.S. state\") of [Oregon](/wiki/Oregon \"Oregon\"), administered by the [Oregon Parks and Recreation Department](/wiki/Oregon_Parks_and_Recreation_Department \"Oregon Parks and Recreation Department\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of Oregon state parks](/wiki/List_of_Oregon_state_parks \"List of Oregon state parks\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:State parks of Oregon](/wiki/Category:State_parks_of_Oregon \"State parks of Oregon\")\n[Category:Parks in Curry County, Oregon](/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Curry_County%2C_Oregon \"Parks in Curry County, Oregon\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Heinrich Wieland Prize | {
"id": [
29124728
],
"name": [
"Мит Сколов"
]
} | 0rvdjxusib54bnqn5a7byn6yazib99o | 2024-03-08T15:40:27Z | 1,168,850,011 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Prize winners",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"The **Heinrich Wieland Prize** is awarded annually by the [Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation](/wiki/Boehringer_Ingelheim_Foundation \"Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation\") for outstanding research on biologically active molecules and systems in the areas of [chemistry](/wiki/Chemistry \"Chemistry\"), [biochemistry](/wiki/Biochemistry \"Biochemistry\") and [physiology](/wiki/Physiology \"Physiology\") as well as their [clinical](/wiki/Clinical_medicine \"Clinical medicine\") importance.\n\nIn 1963, the Margarine Institute established the Heinrich Wieland Prize to support research in the field of lipids. In 2000, the Margarine Institute ended its sponsorship of the Prize and the pharmaceutical company [Boehringer Ingelheim](/wiki/Boehringer_Ingelheim \"Boehringer Ingelheim\") became the new sponsor. In 2011, the Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation took over the prize.\n\nThe awardee is selected by a scientific board of trustees. The prize is named after the Nobel Prize Laureate in chemistry Professor [Heinrich Wieland](/wiki/Heinrich_Wieland \"Heinrich Wieland\") (1877\\-1957\\), one of the leading lipid chemists of the first half of the 20th century. To mark its 50th anniversary in 2014, the prize money was raised to 100,000 euros.\n\nFour of its awardees have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize: [Michael S. Brown](/wiki/Michael_S._Brown \"Michael S. Brown\") and [Joseph L. Goldstein](/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein \"Joseph L. Goldstein\") (1974\\), [Bengt Samuelsson](/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson \"Bengt Samuelsson\") (1981\\) and [James E. Rothman](/wiki/James_E._Rothman \"James E. Rothman\") 1990\\.\n\n",
"Prize winners\n-------------\n\nSource: [Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation](http://www.heinrich-wieland-prize.de/heinrich-wieland-laureates/id-2010-2015.html) [Heinrich Wieland Prize Laureates since 2020](https://www.heinrich-wieland-prize.de/laureates/since-2020.html)\n\n* 1964: [Ernst Klenk](/wiki/Ernst_Klenk \"Ernst Klenk\")\n* 1965: [Wilhelm Stoffel](/wiki/Wilhelm_Stoffel \"Wilhelm Stoffel\")\n* 1966: *no award presented*\n* 1967: [Heinrich Wagener](/wiki/Heinrich_Wagener \"Heinrich Wagener\") and [Bruno Frosch](/wiki/Bruno_Frosch \"Bruno Frosch\")\n* 1968: [David Adriaan van Dorp](/wiki/David_Adriaan_van_Dorp \"David Adriaan van Dorp\")\n* 1969: [Werner Seubert](/wiki/Werner_Seubert \"Werner Seubert\")\n* 1970: [Christian Bode](/wiki/Christian_Bode \"Christian Bode\") and [Harald Goebell](/wiki/Harald_Goebell \"Harald Goebell\")\n* 1971: [Laurens L.M. van Deenen](/wiki/Laurens_L.M._van_Deenen \"Laurens L.M. van Deenen\")\n* 1972: [Heiner Greten](/wiki/Heiner_Greten \"Heiner Greten\") and [Kurt Oette](/wiki/Kurt_Oette \"Kurt Oette\")\n* 1973: [Shosaku Numa](/wiki/Shosaku_Numa \"Shosaku Numa\")\n* 1974: [Michael S. Brown](/wiki/Michael_S._Brown \"Michael S. Brown\") and [Joseph L. Goldstein](/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein \"Joseph L. Goldstein\")\n* 1975: [Ernst Ferber](/wiki/Ernst_Ferber \"Ernst Ferber\") and [Klaus Resch](/wiki/Klaus_Resch \"Klaus Resch\")\n* 1976: [Dietrich Seidel](/wiki/Dietrich_Seidel \"Dietrich Seidel\") and [Eckhart Schweizer](/wiki/Eckhart_Schweizer \"Eckhart Schweizer\")\n* 1977: [Gerd Assmann](/wiki/Gerd_Assmann \"Gerd Assmann\") and [Helmut K. Mangold](/wiki/Helmut_K._Mangold \"Helmut K. Mangold\")\n* 1978: [Olga Stein](/wiki/Olga_Stein \"Olga Stein\") and [Yechezkiel Stein](/wiki/Yechezkiel_Stein \"Yechezkiel Stein\")\n* 1979: [Konrad Sandhoff](/wiki/Konrad_Sandhoff \"Konrad Sandhoff\")\n* 1980: [H. Bryan Brewer](/wiki/H._Bryan_Brewer \"H. Bryan Brewer\") and Barry Lewis\n* 1981: [Bengt Samuelsson](/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson \"Bengt Samuelsson\")\n* 1982: [Hansjörg Eibl](/wiki/Hansj%C3%B6rg_Eibl \"Hansjörg Eibl\") and [Robert William Mahley](/wiki/Robert_William_Mahley \"Robert William Mahley\")\n* 1983: [John M. Dietschy](/wiki/John_M._Dietschy \"John M. Dietschy\")\n* 1984: [Olaf Adam](/wiki/Olaf_Adam \"Olaf Adam\") and [Gerhart Kurz](/wiki/Gerhart_Kurz \"Gerhart Kurz\")\n* 1985: [Guy Ourisson](/wiki/Guy_Ourisson \"Guy Ourisson\")\n* 1986: [Eugene P. Kennedy](/wiki/Eugene_P._Kennedy \"Eugene P. Kennedy\")\n* 1987: [Akira Endo](/wiki/Akira_Endo_%28biochemist%29 \"Akira Endo (biochemist)\") and [Dietrich Keppler](/wiki/Dietrich_Keppler \"Dietrich Keppler\")\n* 1988: [Lawrence C.B. Chan](/wiki/Lawrence_C.B._Chan \"Lawrence C.B. Chan\")\n* 1989: [Ching\\-Hsien Huang](/wiki/Ching-Hsien_Huang \"Ching-Hsien Huang\")\n* 1990: [James E. Rothman](/wiki/James_E._Rothman \"James E. Rothman\") and [Karel W. A. Wirtz](/wiki/Karel_W._A._Wirtz \"Karel W. A. Wirtz\")\n* 1991: [Jan L. Breslow](/wiki/Jan_L._Breslow \"Jan L. Breslow\")\n* 1991: [Wolfgang J. Schneider](/wiki/Wolfgang_J._Schneider \"Wolfgang J. Schneider\")\n* 1992: [Lev D. Bergelson](/wiki/Lev_D._Bergelson \"Lev D. Bergelson\")\n* 1993: [Walter Neupert](/wiki/Walter_Neupert \"Walter Neupert\")\n* 1994: [Joachim Seelig](/wiki/Joachim_Seelig \"Joachim Seelig\")\n* 1995: [Jean E. Schaffer](/wiki/Jean_E._Schaffer \"Jean E. Schaffer\") and [Dennis E. Vance](https://web.archive.org/web/20110930031113/http://www.biochem.ualberta.ca/faculty_detail.php?id=21)\n* 1996: [Jeffrey M. Friedman](/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman \"Jeffrey M. Friedman\")\n* 1997: [Bruce M. Spiegelman](/wiki/Bruce_M._Spiegelman \"Bruce M. Spiegelman\")\n* 1998: [Thomas E. Willnow](/wiki/Thomas_E._Willnow \"Thomas E. Willnow\")\n* 1999: [Ernst Heinz](/wiki/Ernst_Heinz \"Ernst Heinz\")\n* 2000: [Lewis Clayton Cantley](/wiki/Lewis_Clayton_Cantley \"Lewis Clayton Cantley\")\n* 2001: [Felix Wieland](/wiki/Felix_Wieland \"Felix Wieland\")\n* 2002: [Stephen O'Rahilly](/wiki/Stephen_O%27Rahilly \"Stephen O'Rahilly\")\n* 2003: [David J. Mangelsdorf](/wiki/David_J._Mangelsdorf \"David J. Mangelsdorf\")\n* 2004: [Raphael Mechoulam](/wiki/Raphael_Mechoulam \"Raphael Mechoulam\") and [Roger Nicoll](/wiki/Roger_Nicoll \"Roger Nicoll\")\n* 2005: [Helen Hobbs](/wiki/Helen_Hobbs \"Helen Hobbs\")\n* 2006: [Alois Fürstner](/wiki/Alois_F%C3%BCrstner \"Alois Fürstner\")\n* 2007: [Joachim Herz](/wiki/Joachim_Herz \"Joachim Herz\")\n* 2008: [Markus Stoffel](/wiki/Markus_Stoffel \"Markus Stoffel\")\n* 2009: [Steven Ley](/wiki/Steven_Ley \"Steven Ley\")\n* 2010: [Nenad Ban](/wiki/Nenad_Ban \"Nenad Ban\")\n* 2011: [Franz\\-Ulrich Hartl](/wiki/Franz-Ulrich_Hartl \"Franz-Ulrich Hartl\")\n* 2012: [Carolyn R. Bertozzi](/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi \"Carolyn R. Bertozzi\")\n* 2013: [Tony Kouzarides](/wiki/Tony_Kouzarides \"Tony Kouzarides\")\n* 2014: [Reinhard Jahn](/wiki/Reinhard_Jahn \"Reinhard Jahn\")\n* 2015: [Gero Miesenböck](/wiki/Gero_Miesenb%C3%B6ck \"Gero Miesenböck\")\n* 2016: [Peter G. Schultz](/wiki/Peter_G._Schultz \"Peter G. Schultz\")\n* 2017: [Alexander Varshavsky](/wiki/Alexander_Varshavsky \"Alexander Varshavsky\")[Laureate 2017](http://www.heinrich-wieland-prize.de/heinrich-wieland-laureates/id-2010-2015/articles/id-2017-professor-alexander-varshavsky-phd.html)\n* 2018: [Pascale Cossart](/wiki/Pascale_Cossart \"Pascale Cossart\")\n* 2019: \n* 2020: [Craig M. Crews](/wiki/Craig_M._Crews \"Craig M. Crews\")\n* 2021: [Thomas Boehm](/wiki/Thomas_Boehm_%28biologist%29 \"Thomas Boehm (biologist)\")\n* 2022: [Xiaowei Zhuang](/wiki/Xiaowei_Zhuang \"Xiaowei Zhuang\")[Laureate 2022](https://www.heinrich-wieland-prize.de/laureates/since-2020/articles/id-2022-professor-xiaowei-zhuang-phd.html)\n* 2023: [Matthias H. Tschöp](/wiki/Matthias_H._Tsch%C3%B6p \"Matthias H. Tschöp\")\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of chemistry awards](/wiki/List_of_chemistry_awards \"List of chemistry awards\")\n* [List of prizes named after people](/wiki/List_of_prizes_named_after_people \"List of prizes named after people\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [http://www.heinrich\\-wieland\\-prize.com](http://www.heinrich-wieland-prize.com)\n\n[Category:Boehringer Ingelheim](/wiki/Category:Boehringer_Ingelheim \"Boehringer Ingelheim\")\n[Category:Chemistry awards](/wiki/Category:Chemistry_awards \"Chemistry awards\")\n[Category:American science and technology awards](/wiki/Category:American_science_and_technology_awards \"American science and technology awards\")\n[Category:Awards established in 1963](/wiki/Category:Awards_established_in_1963 \"Awards established in 1963\")\n\n"
]
} |
InterMine | {
"id": [
42543928
],
"name": [
"Mebigrouxboy"
]
} | bs4l2jci9y3zmxa8k60a4hcyhz23ovf | 2024-03-01T05:38:00Z | 1,135,366,271 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Supported data formats",
"Clients",
"Web application",
"Current projects (not exhaustive list)",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**InterMine** is an [open source](/wiki/Open-source_license \"Open-source license\") data warehouse system, licensed under the [LGPL 2\\.1](/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License \"GNU Lesser General Public License\"). InterMine is used to create [databases of biological data](/wiki/Biological_database \"Biological database\") accessed by sophisticated web query tools. InterMine can be used to create databases from a single data set or can integrate multiple sources of data. Support is provided for several common biological formats and there is a framework for adding other data. InterMine includes a user\\-friendly web interface that works 'out of the box' and can be easily customised.\n\nInterMine makes it easy to integrate multiple data sources into a single data warehouse. It has a core data model based on the [sequence ontology](/wiki/Sequence_Ontology \"Sequence Ontology\") and supports several biological data formats, allowing sysadmins to configure which organisms or data files are required. It is easy to extend the data model and integrate other data, with a web service API, clients in seven different languages, and an [XML](/wiki/XML \"XML\") format to help import custom data.\n\nAs an active open source project, InterMine maintains a [developer mailing list](https://lists.intermine.org/mailman/listinfo/dev) and thorough [developer](https://intermine.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) and [user documentation](https://flymine.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).\n\n",
"Supported data formats\n----------------------\n\n* [Chado](/wiki/Generic_Model_Organism_Database%23Chado_database_schema \"Generic Model Organism Database#Chado database schema\")\n* [GFF3](/wiki/General_feature_format \"General feature format\")\n* [FASTA](/wiki/FASTA \"FASTA\")\n* [GO](/wiki/Gene_Ontology \"Gene Ontology\") \\& gene association files\n* [UniProt](/wiki/UniProt \"UniProt\") XML\n* PSI XML (protein interactions, [Protein Structure Initiative](/wiki/Protein_Structure_Initiative \"Protein Structure Initiative\"))\n* [InParanoid](/wiki/InParanoid \"InParanoid\") orthologs\n* [Ensembl](/wiki/Ensembl \"Ensembl\")\n",
"Clients\n-------\n\nWeb clients allow users to access the data programmatically with minimal effort, and are available for [perl](http://search.cpan.org/~intermine/Webservice-InterMine-1.0405/lib/Webservice/InterMine.pm), [python](https://pythonhosted.org/intermine/), [ruby](https://rubygems.org/gems/intermine), [javascript](https://alexkalderimis.github.io/imjs/), [Java](http://intermine.org/intermine/), and [R](https://github.com/intermine/intermineR). Data can also be queried via a [native Android app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.intermine.app).\n\n",
"Web application\n---------------\n\nThe InterMine web application allows creation of custom bioinformatics queries, includes template queries (web forms to run 'canned' queries). Users can upload and operate on lists of data. It is possible to configure/create widgets to analyse lists with graphs and enrichment statistics.\n\nAn admin user can publish new template queries, change report pages and create public lists at any time without any programming. Many aspects of the web app can be configured and branded.\n\n",
"Current projects (not exhaustive list)\n--------------------------------------\n\nAn up\\-to\\-date list of projects can be viewed at the [InterMine Registry](http://registry.intermine.org/)\n\n* [Generic Model Organism Database](/wiki/Generic_Model_Organism_Database \"Generic Model Organism Database\")\n* [modENCODE](http://www.modencode.org) \n* [FlyMine](http://www.flymine.org)\n* [HumanMine](http://www.humanmine.org)\n* [RatMine](http://ratmine.mcw.edu)\n* [YeastMine](http://yeastmine.yeastgenome.org)\n* [TargetMine](http://targetmine.mizuguchilab.org/)\n* [MitoMiner](http://mitominer.mrc-mbu.cam.ac.uk)\n* [MouseMine](http://www.mousemine.org)\n* [ZebrafishMine](http://zebrafishmine.org/)\n* [WormMine](http://intermine.wormbase.org/tools/wormmine/begin.do)\n* [INDIGO](http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/indigo/)\n* [ThaleMine](https://apps.araport.org/thalemine)\n* [TargetMine](http://targetmine.mizuguchilab.org/)\n* [PhytoMine](https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/phytomine/begin.do)\n* [MedicMine](http://medicmine.jcvi.org)\n* [BovineMine](http://bovinegenome.org/bovinemine/begin.do)\n* [HymenopteraMine](http://hymenopteragenome.org/hymenopteramine/begin.do)\n* [SoyMine](http://mines.legumeinfo.org/soymine/begin.do)\n* [BeanMine](http://mines.legumeinfo.org/beanmine)\n* [ChickpeaMine](http://mines.legumeinfo.org/chickpeamine)\n* [LegumeMine](http://intermine.legumefederation.org/legumemine/begin.do)\n* [PeanutMine](http://mines.legumeinfo.org/peanutmine/begin.do)\n* [Shaare](http://www.shaare.org.uk/release-1.0/begin.do)\n* [Wheat3Bmine](http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/Wheat3BMine/begin.do)\n* [PlanMine](http://planmine.mpi-cbg.de/planmine/begin.do)\n* [GrapeMine](http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/GrapeMine/begin.do)\n* [RepetDB](http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/repetdb)\n* [XenMine](http://www.xenmine.org/xenmine/begin.do)\n* [CHOMine](https://chomine.boku.ac.at/chomine/begin.do)\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [InterMine](http://www.intermine.org)\n* [Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge](http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk)\n* [Wellcome Trust](http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/)\n* [InterMine API Documentation](http://iodocs.apps.intermine.org/)\n\n[Category:Bioinformatics software](/wiki/Category:Bioinformatics_software \"Bioinformatics software\")\n[Category:Biological databases](/wiki/Category:Biological_databases \"Biological databases\")\n[Category:Data warehousing products](/wiki/Category:Data_warehousing_products \"Data warehousing products\")\n[Category:Genetics in the United Kingdom](/wiki/Category:Genetics_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Genetics in the United Kingdom\")\n[Category:Science and technology in Cambridgeshire](/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_Cambridgeshire \"Science and technology in Cambridgeshire\")\n[Category:South Cambridgeshire District](/wiki/Category:South_Cambridgeshire_District \"South Cambridgeshire District\")\n\n"
]
} |
45th Fighter Squadron | {
"id": [
26830857
],
"name": [
"Lyndaship"
]
} | kvsgtkprfz2esksddmtb1fl342354cx | 2024-02-09T14:48:03Z | 1,173,994,049 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Mission",
"History",
"World War II",
"Air Defense Command",
"North Africa",
"Tactical Air Command",
"Air Force Reserve",
"Lineage",
"Assignments",
"Stations",
"Aircraft assigned",
"In popular culture",
"References",
"Notes",
"Bibliography"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
3,
3
],
"content": [
"\n\n[thumb\\|North American P\\-51D\\-20\\-NA Mustangs from the 45th Fighter Squadron, 15th Fighter Group flying an escort mission from Central Field, Iwo Jima, June 1945\\. AAF Serial Numbers 44\\-63325, 44\\-63314, 44\\-63474, 44\\-63428](/wiki/File:45th_Fighter_Squadron_-_P-51_Mustangs.jpg \"45th Fighter Squadron - P-51 Mustangs.jpg\")\nThe **45th Fighter Squadron** is a [United States Air Force Reserve](/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Reserve \"United States Air Force Reserve\") unit. It is assigned to the [Air Force Reserve Command](/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command \"Air Force Reserve Command\")'s (AFRC) [924th Fighter Group](/wiki/924th_Fighter_Group \"924th Fighter Group\") and stationed at [Davis–Monthan Air Force Base](/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Monthan_Air_Force_Base \"Davis–Monthan Air Force Base\"), Arizona. The squadron currently flies the [Fairchild Republic A\\-10 Thunderbolt II](/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II \"Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II\").\n\n",
"Mission\n-------\n\nThe [squadron](/wiki/Squadron_%28aviation%29 \"Squadron (aviation)\") trains A\\-10 Thunderbolt II pilots, operating and maintaining the aircraft of the [355th Fighter Wing](/wiki/355th_Fighter_Wing \"355th Fighter Wing\"), the regular A\\-10 unit at Davis Monthan. The A\\-10 formal training includes initial qualification in the airplane, transition training, instructor pilot upgrade training and a senior officer course.\n\n",
"History\n-------\n\n### World War II\n\nThe history of the 45th Fighter Squadron goes back to 22 November 1940, when the War Department constituted the **45th Pursuit Squadron** (Fighter). The unit was activated at [Wheeler Field](/wiki/Wheeler_Field \"Wheeler Field\"), Hawaii on 1 December 1940, where it served as part of the [15th Pursuit Group](/wiki/15th_Pursuit_Group \"15th Pursuit Group\") in defense of Hawaii.\n\nWhen the Japanese launched their surprise [attack on Pearl Harbor](/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\") on 7 December 1941, the 45th suffered heavy losses, as did the other squadrons in the 15th Group. Two\\-thirds of the [Curtiss P\\-36 Hawk](/wiki/Curtiss_P-36_Hawk \"Curtiss P-36 Hawk\") and [Curtiss P\\-40 Warhawk](/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk \"Curtiss P-40 Warhawk\") aircraft at Wheeler Field were destroyed on the ground. Earlier, the planes had been stripped of ammunition and fuel, and taken out of their protective earthen revetments because of potential for sabotage in these protected but difficult\\-to\\-see areas. Parked in the open, the planes were easy targets for the Japanese pilots as they strafed and bombed the field.\n\nEveryone on the ground scrambled for cover as the field was being hit, while at the same time pilots were trying to get their planes off the ground without too much success. However, Lieutenants [George Welch](/wiki/George_Welch_%28pilot%29 \"George Welch (pilot)\") and [Kenneth Taylor](/wiki/Kenneth_M._Taylor \"Kenneth M. Taylor\"), two pilots from the [47th Pursuit Squadron](/wiki/47th_Pursuit_Squadron \"47th Pursuit Squadron\") whose planes were at Haleiwa Field at the time, were able to get their Curtis P\\-40B Tomahawks into the air soon after the attack began. Although outnumbered, they still managed to shoot down six Japanese planes.\n\nMeanwhile, Captain Aaron Tyler, commander of the 45th at Wheeler, ordered his crews to pull out all the undamaged planes they could find and have them fueled and armed. Less than a dozen aircraft were available, but the pilots who were selected to fly wasted no time boarding their planes. They quickly took off, hoping to tangle with the Japanese fighters. After searching the area for almost an hour, all they saw as they flew over Pearl Harbor were the burning ships and immense damage. By this time, the Japanese planes were long gone, having already headed back to their carrier at sea.\n\nIn the days following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the pilots and ground personnel of the 45th had the job of cleaning up the mess at Wheeler Field. Among the first things they did was put the remaining aircraft back into their revetments. After moving their flight operations to different fields in Hawaii, the 45th was back in the air conducting daily [air defense](/wiki/Air_defense \"Air defense\") patrols over the islands. These long flights put a heavy toll on the P\\-36s and P\\-40Bs that the pilots flew, so they requested new aircraft. The pilots soon received new [Curtiss P\\-40E Warhawk](/wiki/Curtiss_P-40E_Warhawk \"Curtiss P-40E Warhawk\") and the tricycle\\-gear [Bell P\\-39 Airacobra](/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra \"Bell P-39 Airacobra\").\n\nOn 12 February 1942, the squadron was redesignated the **45th Pursuit Squadron** (Interceptor). Although the 45th still had as its primary mission the conducting of aerial patrols, it was also given the duties of conducting combat training for pilots. Three months later, on 15 May 1942, the term \"pursuit\" was dropped and the squadron was redesignated the **45th Fighter Squadron**. Over the next two years, the squadron would be involved primarily with combat training, and the job of air defense would take on a secondary role.\n\nThe 45th was sent to the Central Pacific in 1943 for combat operations against Japanese forces. Then, on 6 April 1944, the squadron returned to Mokuleia Field, Hawaii, and began training for very\\-long\\-range (VLR) bomber escort missions. By this time, the pilots in the squadron were flying [Republic P\\-47 Thunderbolts](/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt \"Republic P-47 Thunderbolt\"). Later in the year they would acquire the longer range [North American P\\-51 Mustangs](/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang \"North American P-51 Mustang\").\n\nIn January 1945, the 45th was ordered into combat, along with the other assigned squadrons in the 15th group. It left Hawaii for Saipan in the Marianas Islands, staying there until the Marines on Iwo Jima could secure a landing strip.\n\nThe first squadron to arrive at Iwo Jima was the 47th Fighter Squadron on the morning of 6 March, with the 45th landing the next day. They supported Marine ground units by bombing and strafing cave entrances, trenches, troop concentrations, and storage areas. Before the month was over, the 45th began strikes against enemy airfields, shipping and military installations in the Bonin Islands.\n\nFlying its first VLR mission to Japan on 7 April 1945, the 45th provided fighter escort for the [Boeing B\\-29 Superfortresses](/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress \"Boeing B-29 Superfortress\") that attacked the Nakajima aircraft plant near Tokyo. In late April and early May that year, the 45th struck airfields on the Japanese home island of Kyushu to hold back the enemy's Kamikaze attacks against the American invasion force on Okinawa. The squadron also attacked enemy troop trains, small factories, gun positions, and hangars in the Bonin Islands and Japan.\n\nDuring the summer of 1945, the 45th was assigned to the [Twentieth Air Force](/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force \"Twentieth Air Force\") and continued its fighter sweeps against Japanese airfields and other tactical targets. It continued to fly long\\-range B\\-29 escort missions to Japanese cities until the end of the war. After the [Japanese surrender](/wiki/Japanese_surrender \"Japanese surrender\"), the squadron remained on Iwo Jima until 25 November 1945, when it transferred to [Bellows Field](/wiki/Bellows_Field \"Bellows Field\"), Hawaii. On 8 February 1946, the squadron moved to Wheeler Field, where it stayed until inactivated on 15 October 1946\\.\n\n### Air Defense Command\n\nThe squadron was redesignated the **45th Fighter\\-Interceptor Squadron** and was activated on 1 November 1952 at [Suffolk County Air Force Base](/wiki/Suffolk_County_Air_Force_Base \"Suffolk County Air Force Base\"), New York and assigned to the [4709th Defense Wing](/wiki/4709th_Defense_Wing \"4709th Defense Wing\") of the [Air Defense Command](/wiki/Air_Defense_Command \"Air Defense Command\") (ADC). It assumed the mission, personnel and [North American F\\-86 Sabres](/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre \"North American F-86 Sabre\") of the [118th Fighter\\-Interceptor Squadron](/wiki/118th_Fighter-Interceptor_Squadron \"118th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron\"), which had been called to active duty for the [Korean War](/wiki/Korean_War \"Korean War\").Cornett \\& Johnson, p. 122 The 118th was returned to the control of the [Connecticut Air National Guard](/wiki/Connecticut_Air_National_Guard \"Connecticut Air National Guard\"). In February 1953 [Air Defense Command](/wiki/Air_Defense_Command \"Air Defense Command\") reorganized its dispersed fighter bases and the 45th was assigned to the [519th Air Defense Group](/wiki/519th_Air_Defense_Group \"519th Air Defense Group\"), which was activated to control operational and support elements at Suffolk County.Cornett \\& Johnson, p.. 81 Its primary mission was in defending the American east coast from any Soviet threats.\n\n### North Africa\n\nThe squadron had a short ADC commitment, however, as they were transferred to [United States Air Forces Europe](/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Europe \"United States Air Forces Europe\") (USAFE) in French Morocco, North Africa. On 25 May 1953, the squadron left Suffolk County and flew all their aircraft over to [Sidi Slimane Air Base](/wiki/Sidi_Slimane_Air_Base \"Sidi Slimane Air Base\"), which was a [Strategic Air Command](/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command \"Strategic Air Command\") (SAC) base. Making stops along the way, the squadron arrived at Sidi Slimane on 28 May. The base was shared with rotating bomber groups that flew [Boeing B\\-47 Stratojet](/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet \"Boeing B-47 Stratojet\") medium\\-range bombers.\n\nNow part of the [Seventeenth Air Force](/wiki/Seventeenth_Air_Force \"Seventeenth Air Force\"), the squadron was attached to the Air Defense Division, Provisional on 8 June 1953\\. A short time later, on 18 September 1953, they were assigned to the [316th Air Division](/wiki/316th_Air_Division \"316th Air Division\"). The primary mission of the 45th at Sidi Slimane was flying air defense patrols off the coast of Morocco and around the Atlas mountains to the east. Pilots also took turns on alert duty in case an unidentified aircraft was spotted on radar coming towards French Morocco.\n\nThe squadron was redesignated **45th Fighter\\-Day Squadron** on 8 October 1954\\. The pilots in the 45th continued to fly the F\\-86F Sabre until March 1956, when they received new [North American F\\-100C Super Sabres](/wiki/North_American_F-100C_Super_Sabre \"North American F-100C Super Sabre\"). Defense patrols were still carried out by the 45th until the end of December 1957\\. On 8 January 1958, the squadron was inactivated again.\n\n### Tactical Air Command\n\nOn 17 April 1962, the squadron was redesignated **45th Tactical Fighter Squadron**. It organized on 8 May at [MacDill Air Force Base](/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base \"MacDill Air Force Base\"), Florida, a former [Strategic Air Command](/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command \"Strategic Air Command\") base now under [Tactical Air Command](/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command \"Tactical Air Command\") (TAC), and was assigned to the [12th Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/12th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"12th Tactical Fighter Wing\"). It was transferred to the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill on 1 July 1962\\. The 45th flew [Republic F\\-84F Thunderstreaks](/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak \"Republic F-84F Thunderstreak\") for two years while at MacDill, then in 1964 received [McDonnell F\\-4 Phantom IIs](/wiki/McDonnell_F-4_Phantom_II \"McDonnell F-4 Phantom II\"). The mission of the squadron was conducting combat crew training, and they took part in many exercises, flight operations, and readiness tests. During the [Cuban Missile Crisis](/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis \"Cuban Missile Crisis\") in October 1962, the squadron temporarily reorganized as a combat\\-capable unit ready to strike Cuba if necessary. After the crisis was over, the squadron returned to its training mission.\n\nIn 1965, the 45th was sent from their home base at MacDill to Southeast Asia. Under the command of Colonel William A. Alden, they arrived at [Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base](/wiki/Ubon_Royal_Thai_Air_Force_Base \"Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base\") in Thailand on 4 April. The 45th was the first F\\-4 Phantom II unit to arrive in Southeast Asia. It achieved another first a little over three months later, when on 10 July 1965, two F\\-4C Phantoms from the 45th shot down two North Vietnamese [MiG\\-17s](/wiki/MiG-17 \"MiG-17\"). This was the first [United States Air Force](/wiki/United_States_Air_Force \"United States Air Force\") aerial victory of the [Vietnam War](/wiki/Vietnam_War \"Vietnam War\"). Captain Thomas Roberts was the pilot of one of the F\\-4s, and Captain Ronald Anderson was his backseat weapon systems officer (WSO). Captain Kenneth Holcombe with Captain Arthur Clark as WSO piloted the other F\\-4\\.\n\nThe 45th left Ubon on 10 August 1965, and returned to MacDill. For the next five years they would serve as a replacement training unit for F\\-4 pilots headed to SEA. On 1 October 1970, the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing was inactivated and the [1st Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/1st_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"1st Tactical Fighter Wing\"), which was formerly at [Hamilton Air Force Base](/wiki/Hamilton_Air_Force_Base \"Hamilton Air Force Base\") in California, took its place at MacDill. The 45th was assigned to the 1st Wing and continued its role as a training unit until it was inactivated on 1 July 1971\\.\n\n### Air Force Reserve\n\nOn 1 October 1973, the 45th Tactical Fighter Squadron was reactivated and assigned to the [Air Force Reserve](/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve \"Air Force Reserve\")'s (AFRES) [434th Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/434th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"434th Tactical Fighter Wing\") at [Grissom Air Force Base](/wiki/Grissom_Air_Force_Base \"Grissom Air Force Base\"), Indiana. For the next eight years they would fly the [Cessna A\\-37 Dragonfly](/wiki/Cessna_A-37_Dragonfly \"Cessna A-37 Dragonfly\"), an upgraded version of the [Cessna T\\-37 Tweet](/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet \"Cessna T-37 Tweet\") jet trainer with more performance and armament capabilities.\n\nIn 1981 the squadron transitioned to the [Fairchild Republic A\\-10 Thunderbolt II](/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II \"Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II\"), affectionately called the \"Warthog\" by those who flew it. On 1 July 1987, the squadron was reassigned to the 930th Tactical Fighter Group at Grissom, which became the 930th Operations Group. As an Air Force Reserve unit, the 940 TFG still flew the A\\-10\\. On 1 February 1992, the squadron was redesignated **45th Fighter Squadron**. Known as the \"Hoosier Hogs,\" the pilots of the 45th flew their missions up until September 1994\\. The squadron was inactivated on 1 October 1994\\.\n\nOn 1 November 2009, the unit was reactivated as an [Air Force Reserve Command](/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command \"Air Force Reserve Command\") A\\-10 unit at [Davis–Monthan Air Force Base](/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Monthan_Air_Force_Base \"Davis–Monthan Air Force Base\"), Arizona. The 45th is an associate of the regular [355th Fighter Wing](/wiki/355th_Fighter_Wing \"355th Fighter Wing\") at Davis–Monthan, where it trains A\\-10 pilots.\n\n",
"### World War II\n\nThe history of the 45th Fighter Squadron goes back to 22 November 1940, when the War Department constituted the **45th Pursuit Squadron** (Fighter). The unit was activated at [Wheeler Field](/wiki/Wheeler_Field \"Wheeler Field\"), Hawaii on 1 December 1940, where it served as part of the [15th Pursuit Group](/wiki/15th_Pursuit_Group \"15th Pursuit Group\") in defense of Hawaii.\n\nWhen the Japanese launched their surprise [attack on Pearl Harbor](/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor \"Attack on Pearl Harbor\") on 7 December 1941, the 45th suffered heavy losses, as did the other squadrons in the 15th Group. Two\\-thirds of the [Curtiss P\\-36 Hawk](/wiki/Curtiss_P-36_Hawk \"Curtiss P-36 Hawk\") and [Curtiss P\\-40 Warhawk](/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk \"Curtiss P-40 Warhawk\") aircraft at Wheeler Field were destroyed on the ground. Earlier, the planes had been stripped of ammunition and fuel, and taken out of their protective earthen revetments because of potential for sabotage in these protected but difficult\\-to\\-see areas. Parked in the open, the planes were easy targets for the Japanese pilots as they strafed and bombed the field.\n\nEveryone on the ground scrambled for cover as the field was being hit, while at the same time pilots were trying to get their planes off the ground without too much success. However, Lieutenants [George Welch](/wiki/George_Welch_%28pilot%29 \"George Welch (pilot)\") and [Kenneth Taylor](/wiki/Kenneth_M._Taylor \"Kenneth M. Taylor\"), two pilots from the [47th Pursuit Squadron](/wiki/47th_Pursuit_Squadron \"47th Pursuit Squadron\") whose planes were at Haleiwa Field at the time, were able to get their Curtis P\\-40B Tomahawks into the air soon after the attack began. Although outnumbered, they still managed to shoot down six Japanese planes.\n\nMeanwhile, Captain Aaron Tyler, commander of the 45th at Wheeler, ordered his crews to pull out all the undamaged planes they could find and have them fueled and armed. Less than a dozen aircraft were available, but the pilots who were selected to fly wasted no time boarding their planes. They quickly took off, hoping to tangle with the Japanese fighters. After searching the area for almost an hour, all they saw as they flew over Pearl Harbor were the burning ships and immense damage. By this time, the Japanese planes were long gone, having already headed back to their carrier at sea.\n\nIn the days following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the pilots and ground personnel of the 45th had the job of cleaning up the mess at Wheeler Field. Among the first things they did was put the remaining aircraft back into their revetments. After moving their flight operations to different fields in Hawaii, the 45th was back in the air conducting daily [air defense](/wiki/Air_defense \"Air defense\") patrols over the islands. These long flights put a heavy toll on the P\\-36s and P\\-40Bs that the pilots flew, so they requested new aircraft. The pilots soon received new [Curtiss P\\-40E Warhawk](/wiki/Curtiss_P-40E_Warhawk \"Curtiss P-40E Warhawk\") and the tricycle\\-gear [Bell P\\-39 Airacobra](/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra \"Bell P-39 Airacobra\").\n\nOn 12 February 1942, the squadron was redesignated the **45th Pursuit Squadron** (Interceptor). Although the 45th still had as its primary mission the conducting of aerial patrols, it was also given the duties of conducting combat training for pilots. Three months later, on 15 May 1942, the term \"pursuit\" was dropped and the squadron was redesignated the **45th Fighter Squadron**. Over the next two years, the squadron would be involved primarily with combat training, and the job of air defense would take on a secondary role.\n\nThe 45th was sent to the Central Pacific in 1943 for combat operations against Japanese forces. Then, on 6 April 1944, the squadron returned to Mokuleia Field, Hawaii, and began training for very\\-long\\-range (VLR) bomber escort missions. By this time, the pilots in the squadron were flying [Republic P\\-47 Thunderbolts](/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt \"Republic P-47 Thunderbolt\"). Later in the year they would acquire the longer range [North American P\\-51 Mustangs](/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang \"North American P-51 Mustang\").\n\nIn January 1945, the 45th was ordered into combat, along with the other assigned squadrons in the 15th group. It left Hawaii for Saipan in the Marianas Islands, staying there until the Marines on Iwo Jima could secure a landing strip.\n\nThe first squadron to arrive at Iwo Jima was the 47th Fighter Squadron on the morning of 6 March, with the 45th landing the next day. They supported Marine ground units by bombing and strafing cave entrances, trenches, troop concentrations, and storage areas. Before the month was over, the 45th began strikes against enemy airfields, shipping and military installations in the Bonin Islands.\n\nFlying its first VLR mission to Japan on 7 April 1945, the 45th provided fighter escort for the [Boeing B\\-29 Superfortresses](/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress \"Boeing B-29 Superfortress\") that attacked the Nakajima aircraft plant near Tokyo. In late April and early May that year, the 45th struck airfields on the Japanese home island of Kyushu to hold back the enemy's Kamikaze attacks against the American invasion force on Okinawa. The squadron also attacked enemy troop trains, small factories, gun positions, and hangars in the Bonin Islands and Japan.\n\nDuring the summer of 1945, the 45th was assigned to the [Twentieth Air Force](/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force \"Twentieth Air Force\") and continued its fighter sweeps against Japanese airfields and other tactical targets. It continued to fly long\\-range B\\-29 escort missions to Japanese cities until the end of the war. After the [Japanese surrender](/wiki/Japanese_surrender \"Japanese surrender\"), the squadron remained on Iwo Jima until 25 November 1945, when it transferred to [Bellows Field](/wiki/Bellows_Field \"Bellows Field\"), Hawaii. On 8 February 1946, the squadron moved to Wheeler Field, where it stayed until inactivated on 15 October 1946\\.\n\n",
"### Air Defense Command\n\nThe squadron was redesignated the **45th Fighter\\-Interceptor Squadron** and was activated on 1 November 1952 at [Suffolk County Air Force Base](/wiki/Suffolk_County_Air_Force_Base \"Suffolk County Air Force Base\"), New York and assigned to the [4709th Defense Wing](/wiki/4709th_Defense_Wing \"4709th Defense Wing\") of the [Air Defense Command](/wiki/Air_Defense_Command \"Air Defense Command\") (ADC). It assumed the mission, personnel and [North American F\\-86 Sabres](/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre \"North American F-86 Sabre\") of the [118th Fighter\\-Interceptor Squadron](/wiki/118th_Fighter-Interceptor_Squadron \"118th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron\"), which had been called to active duty for the [Korean War](/wiki/Korean_War \"Korean War\").Cornett \\& Johnson, p. 122 The 118th was returned to the control of the [Connecticut Air National Guard](/wiki/Connecticut_Air_National_Guard \"Connecticut Air National Guard\"). In February 1953 [Air Defense Command](/wiki/Air_Defense_Command \"Air Defense Command\") reorganized its dispersed fighter bases and the 45th was assigned to the [519th Air Defense Group](/wiki/519th_Air_Defense_Group \"519th Air Defense Group\"), which was activated to control operational and support elements at Suffolk County.Cornett \\& Johnson, p.. 81 Its primary mission was in defending the American east coast from any Soviet threats.\n\n",
"### North Africa\n\nThe squadron had a short ADC commitment, however, as they were transferred to [United States Air Forces Europe](/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Europe \"United States Air Forces Europe\") (USAFE) in French Morocco, North Africa. On 25 May 1953, the squadron left Suffolk County and flew all their aircraft over to [Sidi Slimane Air Base](/wiki/Sidi_Slimane_Air_Base \"Sidi Slimane Air Base\"), which was a [Strategic Air Command](/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command \"Strategic Air Command\") (SAC) base. Making stops along the way, the squadron arrived at Sidi Slimane on 28 May. The base was shared with rotating bomber groups that flew [Boeing B\\-47 Stratojet](/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet \"Boeing B-47 Stratojet\") medium\\-range bombers.\n\nNow part of the [Seventeenth Air Force](/wiki/Seventeenth_Air_Force \"Seventeenth Air Force\"), the squadron was attached to the Air Defense Division, Provisional on 8 June 1953\\. A short time later, on 18 September 1953, they were assigned to the [316th Air Division](/wiki/316th_Air_Division \"316th Air Division\"). The primary mission of the 45th at Sidi Slimane was flying air defense patrols off the coast of Morocco and around the Atlas mountains to the east. Pilots also took turns on alert duty in case an unidentified aircraft was spotted on radar coming towards French Morocco.\n\nThe squadron was redesignated **45th Fighter\\-Day Squadron** on 8 October 1954\\. The pilots in the 45th continued to fly the F\\-86F Sabre until March 1956, when they received new [North American F\\-100C Super Sabres](/wiki/North_American_F-100C_Super_Sabre \"North American F-100C Super Sabre\"). Defense patrols were still carried out by the 45th until the end of December 1957\\. On 8 January 1958, the squadron was inactivated again.\n\n",
"### Tactical Air Command\n\nOn 17 April 1962, the squadron was redesignated **45th Tactical Fighter Squadron**. It organized on 8 May at [MacDill Air Force Base](/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base \"MacDill Air Force Base\"), Florida, a former [Strategic Air Command](/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command \"Strategic Air Command\") base now under [Tactical Air Command](/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command \"Tactical Air Command\") (TAC), and was assigned to the [12th Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/12th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"12th Tactical Fighter Wing\"). It was transferred to the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing at MacDill on 1 July 1962\\. The 45th flew [Republic F\\-84F Thunderstreaks](/wiki/Republic_F-84F_Thunderstreak \"Republic F-84F Thunderstreak\") for two years while at MacDill, then in 1964 received [McDonnell F\\-4 Phantom IIs](/wiki/McDonnell_F-4_Phantom_II \"McDonnell F-4 Phantom II\"). The mission of the squadron was conducting combat crew training, and they took part in many exercises, flight operations, and readiness tests. During the [Cuban Missile Crisis](/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis \"Cuban Missile Crisis\") in October 1962, the squadron temporarily reorganized as a combat\\-capable unit ready to strike Cuba if necessary. After the crisis was over, the squadron returned to its training mission.\n\nIn 1965, the 45th was sent from their home base at MacDill to Southeast Asia. Under the command of Colonel William A. Alden, they arrived at [Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base](/wiki/Ubon_Royal_Thai_Air_Force_Base \"Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base\") in Thailand on 4 April. The 45th was the first F\\-4 Phantom II unit to arrive in Southeast Asia. It achieved another first a little over three months later, when on 10 July 1965, two F\\-4C Phantoms from the 45th shot down two North Vietnamese [MiG\\-17s](/wiki/MiG-17 \"MiG-17\"). This was the first [United States Air Force](/wiki/United_States_Air_Force \"United States Air Force\") aerial victory of the [Vietnam War](/wiki/Vietnam_War \"Vietnam War\"). Captain Thomas Roberts was the pilot of one of the F\\-4s, and Captain Ronald Anderson was his backseat weapon systems officer (WSO). Captain Kenneth Holcombe with Captain Arthur Clark as WSO piloted the other F\\-4\\.\n\nThe 45th left Ubon on 10 August 1965, and returned to MacDill. For the next five years they would serve as a replacement training unit for F\\-4 pilots headed to SEA. On 1 October 1970, the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing was inactivated and the [1st Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/1st_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"1st Tactical Fighter Wing\"), which was formerly at [Hamilton Air Force Base](/wiki/Hamilton_Air_Force_Base \"Hamilton Air Force Base\") in California, took its place at MacDill. The 45th was assigned to the 1st Wing and continued its role as a training unit until it was inactivated on 1 July 1971\\.\n\n",
"### Air Force Reserve\n\nOn 1 October 1973, the 45th Tactical Fighter Squadron was reactivated and assigned to the [Air Force Reserve](/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve \"Air Force Reserve\")'s (AFRES) [434th Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/434th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"434th Tactical Fighter Wing\") at [Grissom Air Force Base](/wiki/Grissom_Air_Force_Base \"Grissom Air Force Base\"), Indiana. For the next eight years they would fly the [Cessna A\\-37 Dragonfly](/wiki/Cessna_A-37_Dragonfly \"Cessna A-37 Dragonfly\"), an upgraded version of the [Cessna T\\-37 Tweet](/wiki/Cessna_T-37_Tweet \"Cessna T-37 Tweet\") jet trainer with more performance and armament capabilities.\n\nIn 1981 the squadron transitioned to the [Fairchild Republic A\\-10 Thunderbolt II](/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II \"Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II\"), affectionately called the \"Warthog\" by those who flew it. On 1 July 1987, the squadron was reassigned to the 930th Tactical Fighter Group at Grissom, which became the 930th Operations Group. As an Air Force Reserve unit, the 940 TFG still flew the A\\-10\\. On 1 February 1992, the squadron was redesignated **45th Fighter Squadron**. Known as the \"Hoosier Hogs,\" the pilots of the 45th flew their missions up until September 1994\\. The squadron was inactivated on 1 October 1994\\.\n\nOn 1 November 2009, the unit was reactivated as an [Air Force Reserve Command](/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command \"Air Force Reserve Command\") A\\-10 unit at [Davis–Monthan Air Force Base](/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Monthan_Air_Force_Base \"Davis–Monthan Air Force Base\"), Arizona. The 45th is an associate of the regular [355th Fighter Wing](/wiki/355th_Fighter_Wing \"355th Fighter Wing\") at Davis–Monthan, where it trains A\\-10 pilots.\n\n",
"Lineage\n-------\n\n* Constituted as the **45th Pursuit Squadron** (Fighter) on 22 November 1940\n\n Activated on 1 December 1940\n Redesignated **45th Pursuit Squadron** (Interceptor) on 12 February 1942\n Redesignated **45th Fighter Squadron** (Single Engine) on 15 May 1942\n Inactivated on 15 October 1946\n* Redesignated **45th Fighter\\-Interceptor Squadron** on 11 September 1952\n\n Activated on 1 November 1952\n Redesignated **45th Fighter\\-Day Squadron** on 8 October 1954\n Inactivated on 8 January 1958\n* Redesignated **45th Tactical Fighter Squadron** and activated on 17 April 1962 (not organized)\n\n Organized on 8 May 1962\n Inactivated on 1 July 1971\n* Activated 1 October 1973\n\n Redesignated **45th Fighter Squadron** on 1 February 1992\n Inactivated on 1 October 1994\n* Activated on 1 November 2009\n\n### Assignments\n\n* 15th Pursuit Group (later Fighter Group), 1 December 1940 – 15 October 1946\n* 4709th Air Defense Wing, 1 November 1952\n* 519th Air Defense Group, 16 February 1953\n* Seventeenth Air Force, 1 June 1953 (attached to Air Defense Division, Provisional after 8 June 1953\\)\n* 316th Air Division, 18 September 1953 – 8 January 1958\n* Tactical Air Command, 1 April 1962 (not organized)\n* 12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 8 May – 1 July 1962\n* 15th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1962 – 1 October 1970\n\n Attached to [12th Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/12th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"12th Tactical Fighter Wing\"), April 1965 – August 1965\n* 1st Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 October 1970 – 1 July 1971\n* 434th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 October 1973 – 1 July 1987\n* [930th Tactical Fighter Group](/wiki/930th_Tactical_Fighter_Group \"930th Tactical Fighter Group\") (later 930th Operations Group), 1 July 1987 – 30 September 1994\n* [917th Wing](/wiki/917th_Wing \"917th Wing\"), 1 November 2009\n* [924th Fighter Group](/wiki/924th_Fighter_Group \"924th Fighter Group\"), 1 January 2011 – present\n\n### Stations\n\n* Wheeler Field, Hawaii Territory, 1 December 1940\n* [Haleiwa Fighter Strip](/wiki/Haleiwa_Fighter_Strip \"Haleiwa Fighter Strip\"), Hawaii Territory, 21 December 1941\n* [Mokuleia Army Airfield](/wiki/Mokuleia_Army_Airfield \"Mokuleia Army Airfield\"), Hawaii Territory, 27 December 1941\n* [Hilo Army Airfield](/wiki/Hilo_Army_Airfield \"Hilo Army Airfield\"), Hawaii Territory, 20 October 1942\n* [Stanley Army Airfield](/wiki/Stanley_Army_Airfield \"Stanley Army Airfield\"), Hawaii Territory, 20 December 1942\n* [Bellows Field](/wiki/Bellows_Field \"Bellows Field\"), Hawaii Territory, 14 August 1943\n* [Baker Island](/wiki/Baker_Island \"Baker Island\"), 1 September 1943\n* [Funafuti Airfield](/wiki/Funafuti_Airfield \"Funafuti Airfield\"), [Nanumea](/wiki/Nanumea \"Nanumea\"), [Gilbert Islands](/wiki/Gilbert_Islands \"Gilbert Islands\"), 28 November 1943\n* [Abemama Airfield](/wiki/Abemama_Airfield \"Abemama Airfield\"), [Abemama](/wiki/Abemama \"Abemama\"), Gilbert Islands, 4 January 1944\n\n Operated from: [Makin Airfield](/wiki/Makin_Airfield \"Makin Airfield\"), [Makin](/wiki/Makin_%28islands%29 \"Makin (islands)\"), Gilbert Islands, 15 January – 24 March 1944\n* Mokuleia Army Airfield, Hawaii Territory, 6 April 1944\n\n* Bellows Field, Hawaii Territory, 19 June 1944 – 5 February 1945\n* [South Field (Iwo Jima)](/wiki/South_Field_%28Iwo_Jima%29 \"South Field (Iwo Jima)\"), Iwo Jima, 7 March 1945\n* Bellows Field, Hawaii Territory, 25 November 1945\n* Wheeler Field, Hawaii Territory, 9 February – 15 October 1946\n* Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York, 1 November 1952\n* Sidi Slimane Air Base, French Morocco, 28 May 1953 – 8 January 1958\n* MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, 8 May 1962 – 1 July 1971 (deployed to [Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base](/wiki/Ubon_Royal_Thai_Air_Force_Base \"Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base\"), Thailand, 4 April – 10 August 1965\\)\n* Grissom Air Force Base, Indiana, 1 October 1973 – 30 September 1994\n* Davis–Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, 1 November 2009 – present\n\n### Aircraft assigned\n\n* [Boeing P\\-26 Peashooter](/wiki/Boeing_P-26_Peashooter \"Boeing P-26 Peashooter\"), 1940–1941\n* Curtis P\\-36 Hawk, 1941\n* Bell P\\-39 Airacobra, 1942–1944\n* Curtis P\\-40 Warhawk, 1942–1944\n* North American P\\-51 Mustang, 1944–1946\n* Republic P\\-47N Thunderbolt, 1944–1945\n\n* North American F\\-86F Sabre, 1952–1956\n* North American F\\-100 Super Sabre, 1956–1957\n* Republic F\\-84F Thunderstreak, 1962–1964\n* McDonnell F\\-4 Phantom II, 1964–1970\n* Cessna A\\-37 Dragonfly, 1973–1981\n* Fairchild A\\-10 Thunderbolt II, 1981–1994; 2009–present\n\n",
"### Assignments\n\n* 15th Pursuit Group (later Fighter Group), 1 December 1940 – 15 October 1946\n* 4709th Air Defense Wing, 1 November 1952\n* 519th Air Defense Group, 16 February 1953\n* Seventeenth Air Force, 1 June 1953 (attached to Air Defense Division, Provisional after 8 June 1953\\)\n* 316th Air Division, 18 September 1953 – 8 January 1958\n* Tactical Air Command, 1 April 1962 (not organized)\n* 12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 8 May – 1 July 1962\n* 15th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1962 – 1 October 1970\n\n Attached to [12th Tactical Fighter Wing](/wiki/12th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing \"12th Tactical Fighter Wing\"), April 1965 – August 1965\n* 1st Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 October 1970 – 1 July 1971\n* 434th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 October 1973 – 1 July 1987\n* [930th Tactical Fighter Group](/wiki/930th_Tactical_Fighter_Group \"930th Tactical Fighter Group\") (later 930th Operations Group), 1 July 1987 – 30 September 1994\n* [917th Wing](/wiki/917th_Wing \"917th Wing\"), 1 November 2009\n* [924th Fighter Group](/wiki/924th_Fighter_Group \"924th Fighter Group\"), 1 January 2011 – present\n",
"### Stations\n\n* Wheeler Field, Hawaii Territory, 1 December 1940\n* [Haleiwa Fighter Strip](/wiki/Haleiwa_Fighter_Strip \"Haleiwa Fighter Strip\"), Hawaii Territory, 21 December 1941\n* [Mokuleia Army Airfield](/wiki/Mokuleia_Army_Airfield \"Mokuleia Army Airfield\"), Hawaii Territory, 27 December 1941\n* [Hilo Army Airfield](/wiki/Hilo_Army_Airfield \"Hilo Army Airfield\"), Hawaii Territory, 20 October 1942\n* [Stanley Army Airfield](/wiki/Stanley_Army_Airfield \"Stanley Army Airfield\"), Hawaii Territory, 20 December 1942\n* [Bellows Field](/wiki/Bellows_Field \"Bellows Field\"), Hawaii Territory, 14 August 1943\n* [Baker Island](/wiki/Baker_Island \"Baker Island\"), 1 September 1943\n* [Funafuti Airfield](/wiki/Funafuti_Airfield \"Funafuti Airfield\"), [Nanumea](/wiki/Nanumea \"Nanumea\"), [Gilbert Islands](/wiki/Gilbert_Islands \"Gilbert Islands\"), 28 November 1943\n* [Abemama Airfield](/wiki/Abemama_Airfield \"Abemama Airfield\"), [Abemama](/wiki/Abemama \"Abemama\"), Gilbert Islands, 4 January 1944\n\n Operated from: [Makin Airfield](/wiki/Makin_Airfield \"Makin Airfield\"), [Makin](/wiki/Makin_%28islands%29 \"Makin (islands)\"), Gilbert Islands, 15 January – 24 March 1944\n* Mokuleia Army Airfield, Hawaii Territory, 6 April 1944\n\n* Bellows Field, Hawaii Territory, 19 June 1944 – 5 February 1945\n* [South Field (Iwo Jima)](/wiki/South_Field_%28Iwo_Jima%29 \"South Field (Iwo Jima)\"), Iwo Jima, 7 March 1945\n* Bellows Field, Hawaii Territory, 25 November 1945\n* Wheeler Field, Hawaii Territory, 9 February – 15 October 1946\n* Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York, 1 November 1952\n* Sidi Slimane Air Base, French Morocco, 28 May 1953 – 8 January 1958\n* MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, 8 May 1962 – 1 July 1971 (deployed to [Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base](/wiki/Ubon_Royal_Thai_Air_Force_Base \"Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base\"), Thailand, 4 April – 10 August 1965\\)\n* Grissom Air Force Base, Indiana, 1 October 1973 – 30 September 1994\n* Davis–Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, 1 November 2009 – present\n\n",
"### Aircraft assigned\n\n* [Boeing P\\-26 Peashooter](/wiki/Boeing_P-26_Peashooter \"Boeing P-26 Peashooter\"), 1940–1941\n* Curtis P\\-36 Hawk, 1941\n* Bell P\\-39 Airacobra, 1942–1944\n* Curtis P\\-40 Warhawk, 1942–1944\n* North American P\\-51 Mustang, 1944–1946\n* Republic P\\-47N Thunderbolt, 1944–1945\n\n* North American F\\-86F Sabre, 1952–1956\n* North American F\\-100 Super Sabre, 1956–1957\n* Republic F\\-84F Thunderstreak, 1962–1964\n* McDonnell F\\-4 Phantom II, 1964–1970\n* Cessna A\\-37 Dragonfly, 1973–1981\n* Fairchild A\\-10 Thunderbolt II, 1981–1994; 2009–present\n\n",
"In popular culture\n------------------\n\nIn the 2017 film *[Kong: Skull Island](/wiki/Kong:Skull_Island \"Skull Island\")*, Lt. Hank Marlow (played by [John C. Reilly](/wiki/John_C._Reilly \"John C. Reilly\")) was a member of the 45th Pursuit Squadron when he was shot down over [Skull Island](/wiki/Skull_Island_%28King_Kong%29 \"Skull Island (King Kong)\") in 1944\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n \n\n### Notes\n\n### Bibliography\n\n[045](/wiki/Category:Fighter_squadrons_of_the_United_States_Air_Force \"Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force\")\n[Category:Military units and formations in Arizona](/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_in_Arizona \"Military units and formations in Arizona\")\n[045](/wiki/Category:Fighter_squadrons_of_the_United_States_Army_Air_Forces \"Fighter squadrons of the United States Army Air Forces\")\n\n",
"### Notes\n\n",
"### Bibliography\n\n[045](/wiki/Category:Fighter_squadrons_of_the_United_States_Air_Force \"Fighter squadrons of the United States Air Force\")\n[Category:Military units and formations in Arizona](/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_in_Arizona \"Military units and formations in Arizona\")\n[045](/wiki/Category:Fighter_squadrons_of_the_United_States_Army_Air_Forces \"Fighter squadrons of the United States Army Air Forces\")\n\n"
]
} |
List of radio stations in Italy | {
"id": [
43067888
],
"name": [
"Dzulfi Ramadhan"
]
} | 0l845mydjek9imkss99um66af30o0jt | 2024-10-16T07:41:06Z | 1,251,461,691 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"Notes"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\nOf all the claimants to the title of the \"Father of Radio\", the one most associated with it is the Italian inventor [Guglielmo Marconi](/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi \"Guglielmo Marconi\").Huurdeman, Anton A. [*The Worldwide History of Telecommunications.*](https://books.google.com/books?id=SnjGRDVIUL4C&pg=PA207) John Wiley \\& Sons, 2003\\. p. 207\\. Web. 30 November 2012\\. He was the first person to send radio communication signals in 1895\\. By 1899 he flashed the first wireless signal across the [English Channel](/wiki/English_Channel \"English Channel\") and two years later received the letter \"S\", telegraphed from [England](/wiki/England \"England\") to [Newfoundland](/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland \"Dominion of Newfoundland\"). This was the first successful transatlantic radiotelegraph message in 1902\\.\n\nToday, radio waves that are broadcast from thousands of stations, along with waves from other sources, fill the air around us continuously. Italy has three state\\-controlled radio networks that broadcast day and evening hours on both AM and FM.[Rai Radio 1](/wiki/Rai_Radio_1 \"Rai Radio 1\"), [Rai Radio 2](/wiki/Rai_Radio_2 \"Rai Radio 2\"), and [Rai Radio 3](/wiki/Rai_Radio_3 \"Rai Radio 3\"). Program content varies from popular music to lectures, panel discussions, as well as frequent newscasts and feature reports. In addition, many private radio stations mix popular and classical music. A short\\-wave radio, though unnecessary, aids in the reception of VOA, BBC, [Vatican Radio](/wiki/Vatican_Radio \"Vatican Radio\") in English and the Armed Forces Network in Germany and in other European stations.\n\n| Name | Owner | Location | Notes | Transmission | Website |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| [Radio Byoblu libera e indipendente](/wiki/Byoblu \"Byoblu\") | Byoblu Edizioni S.r.l.s | Worldwide | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\"); [Popular music](/wiki/Popular_music \"Popular music\") | [Streaming online](/wiki/Internet_radio \"Internet radio\") | [www.byoblu.com/radio](https://www.byoblu.com/radio/) |\n| [m2o](/wiki/M2o_%28radio_station%29 \"M2o (radio station)\") | [GEDI Gruppo Editoriale](/wiki/GEDI_Gruppo_Editoriale \"GEDI Gruppo Editoriale\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Electronic dance music](/wiki/Electronic_dance_music \"Electronic dance music\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.m2o.it](http://www.m2o.it) |\n| [No Name Radio](/wiki/No_Name_Radio \"No Name Radio\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); Independent music; | [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/nonameradio](http://www.raiplaysound.it/nonameradio) |\n| [R101](/wiki/R101_%28radio_station%29 \"R101 (radio station)\") | [Mediaset](/wiki/Mediaset%23Radio \"Mediaset#Radio\") | [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Adult Contemporary](/wiki/Adult_Contemporary \"Adult Contemporary\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"),, [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.r101\\.it](http://www.r101.it) |\n| [Radio 105 Network](/wiki/Radio_105_Network \"Radio 105 Network\") | [Mediaset](/wiki/Mediaset%23Radio \"Mediaset#Radio\") | [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Rock](/wiki/Rock_music \"Rock music\"), [Pop](/wiki/Pop_music \"Pop music\"), [Hip Hop](/wiki/Hip_hop_music \"Hip hop music\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.105\\.net](http://www.105.net) |\n| [Radio 24](/wiki/Radio_24_%28Italy%29 \"Radio 24 (Italy)\") | [Il Sole 24 Ore](/wiki/Il_Sole_24_Ore \"Il Sole 24 Ore\") | [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radio24\\.it](http://www.radio24.it) |\n| [Radio Capital](/wiki/Radio_Capital \"Radio Capital\") | [GEDI Gruppo Editoriale](/wiki/GEDI_Gruppo_Editoriale \"GEDI Gruppo Editoriale\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Classic Hits](/wiki/Classic_Hits \"Classic Hits\")/[Adult Contemporary](/wiki/Adult_Contemporary \"Adult Contemporary\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.capital.it](http://www.capital.it) |\n| [Radio DeeJay](/wiki/Radio_DeeJay \"Radio DeeJay\") | [GEDI Gruppo Editoriale](/wiki/GEDI_Gruppo_Editoriale \"GEDI Gruppo Editoriale\") | [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.deejay.it](http://www.deejay.it) |\n| [Radio Dimensione Suono](/wiki/Radio_Dimensione_Suono \"Radio Dimensione Suono\") | | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); It's also called *RDS* | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.rds.it](http://www.rds.it) |\n| [Radio Freccia](/wiki/Radiofreccia_%28emittente_radiotelevisiva%29 \"Radiofreccia (emittente radiotelevisiva)\") | | [Cologno Monzese](/wiki/Cologno_Monzese \"Cologno Monzese\") ([MI](/wiki/Province_of_Milano \"Province of Milano\")) | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); Music rock | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radiofreccia.it](http://www.radiofreccia.it) |\n| [Radio Italia Solo Musica Italiana](/wiki/Radio_Italia_Solo_Musica_Italiana \"Radio Italia Solo Musica Italiana\") | Gruppo Radio Italia | [Cologno Monzese](/wiki/Cologno_Monzese \"Cologno Monzese\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); Italian Hits | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radioitalia.it](https://web.archive.org/web/20200109040600/https://www.radioitalia.it/) |\n| [Radio Kiss Kiss](/wiki/Radio_Kiss_Kiss \"Radio Kiss Kiss\") | | [Naples](/wiki/Naples \"Naples\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.kisskiss.it](http://www.kisskiss.it) |\n| [Radio Maria](/wiki/Radio_Maria \"Radio Maria\") | Associazione Radio Maria | [Erba](/wiki/Erba%2C_Lombardy \"Erba, Lombardy\")([CO](/wiki/Como \"Como\")) | [Community](/wiki/Community_radio \"Community radio\"); [Catholic](/wiki/Catholic_radio \"Catholic radio\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radiomaria.it](http://www.radiomaria.it) |\n| [Radio Monte Carlo](/wiki/Radio_Monte_Carlo_%28Italia%29 \"Radio Monte Carlo (Italia)\") | [Mediaset](/wiki/Mediaset%23Radio \"Mediaset#Radio\") | [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); It's also called *RMC* | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radiomontecarlo.net](http://www.radiomontecarlo.net) |\n| [Radio Popolare](/wiki/Radio_Popolare \"Radio Popolare\") | [cooperative](/wiki/Cooperative \"Cooperative\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Community](/wiki/Community_radio \"Community radio\"); [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\") [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radiopopolare.it](http://www.radiopopolare.it) |\n| [Radio VivaFm](/wiki/Radio_VivaFm \"Radio VivaFm\") | [Gruppo Viva S.r.l](/wiki/Gruppo_Viva_S.r.l \"Gruppo Viva S.r.l\") | [Lake Garda](/wiki/Lake_Garda \"Lake Garda\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Pop, Contemporary](/wiki/Pop%2C_Contemporary \"Pop, Contemporary\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), streaming online, [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\") | [www.vivafm.it](http://www.vivafm.it) |\n| [Radio Radicale](/wiki/Radio_Radicale \"Radio Radicale\") | [Radical Party](/wiki/Radical_Party_%28Italy%29 \"Radical Party (Italy)\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Community](/wiki/Community_radio \"Community radio\"); [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radioradicale.it](http://www.radioradicale.it) |\n| Radio Risposta web | Centro Evangelico Modenese | [Modena](/wiki/Modena \"Modena\") | [Religious](/wiki/Religious \"Religious\") station | streaming online | [Radio Risposta Web](https://www.radiorisposta.org/wp/) |\n| [Rai Gr Parlamento](/wiki/Rai_Gr_Parlamento \"Rai Gr Parlamento\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.grparlamento.rai.it](http://www.grparlamento.rai.it) |\n| [Rai Isoradio](/wiki/Rai_Isoradio \"Rai Isoradio\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); Traffic and weather news | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/isoradio](http://www.raiplaysound.it/isoradio) |\n| [Rai Radio 1](/wiki/Rai_Radio_1 \"Rai Radio 1\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\"); [Generalist](/wiki/Generalist_channel \"Generalist channel\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [MW](/wiki/Medium_Wave \"Medium Wave\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radio1](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radio1) |\n| [Rai Radio 1 Sport](/wiki/Rai_Radio_1_Sport \"Rai Radio 1 Sport\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [Sport](/wiki/Sports_radio \"Sports radio\") | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radio1sport](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radio1sport) |\n| [Rai Radio 2](/wiki/Rai_Radio_2 \"Rai Radio 2\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); Popular music; Entertainment | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radio2](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radio2) |\n| [Rai Radio 3](/wiki/Rai_Radio_3 \"Rai Radio 3\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); Culture; [Classical music](/wiki/Classical_music \"Classical music\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radio3](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radio3) |\n| [Rai Radio 3 Classica](/wiki/Rai_Radio_3_Classica \"Rai Radio 3 Classica\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [Classical music](/wiki/Classical_music \"Classical music\") | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [Cable](/wiki/Cable_radio \"Cable radio\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radio3classica](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radio3classica) |\n| [RTL 102\\.5](/wiki/RTL_102.5 \"RTL 102.5\") | | [Cologno Monzese](/wiki/Cologno_Monzese \"Cologno Monzese\") ([MI](/wiki/Province_of_Milano \"Province of Milano\")) | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.rtl.it](http://www.rtl.it) |\n| [Virgin Radio Italia](/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Italia \"Virgin Radio Italia\") | [Mediaset](/wiki/Mediaset%23Radio \"Mediaset#Radio\") | [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Rock](/wiki/Rock_music \"Rock music\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | <http://www.virginradioitaly.it> |\n| [Rai Radio Kids](/wiki/Rai_Radio_Kids \"Rai Radio Kids\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [Children's](/wiki/Children%27s_radio \"Children's radio\") | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radiokids](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radiokids) |\n| [Rai Radio Techete'](/wiki/Rai_Radio_Techete%27 \"Rai Radio Techete'\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [Comedy](/wiki/Radio_comedy \"Radio comedy\"); [Drama](/wiki/Radio_drama \"Radio drama\"); [Classical music](/wiki/Classical_music \"Classical music\") | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radiotechete](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radiotechete) |\n| [Rai Radio Tutta Italiana](/wiki/Rai_Radio_Tutta_Italiana \"Rai Radio Tutta Italiana\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); [Easy listening music](/wiki/Easy_listening_music \"Easy listening music\") | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [Cable](/wiki/Cable_radio \"Cable radio\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radiotuttaitaliana](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radiotuttaitaliana) |\n| [Rai Radio Live Napoli](/wiki/Rai_Radio_Live_Napoli \"Rai Radio Live Napoli\") | [RAI](/wiki/RAI \"RAI\") | [Naples](/wiki/Naples \"Naples\") | [Public](/wiki/Public_broadcasting \"Public broadcasting\"); Music from Naples | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.raiplaysound.it/radiolivenapoli](http://www.raiplaysound.it/radiolivenapoli) |\n| Radio Sportiva | Mediahit | Ponsacco (PI) [Prato](/wiki/Prato \"Prato\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Sport](/wiki/Sport \"Sport\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), streaming online, [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S2](/wiki/DVB-S2 \"DVB-S2\") | [Radio Sportiva](http://www.radiosportiva.com/) |\n| Radio Libertà | Radio Libertà Società Cooperativa | [Milano](/wiki/Milano \"Milano\") | [Community](/wiki/Community_radio \"Community radio\"); [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\") | [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DTT](/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television \"Digital terrestrial television\"), [DVB\\-S2](/wiki/DVB-S2 \"DVB-S2\") | [Radio Libertà](https://radioliberta.net) |\n| [RadioRadio](/wiki/RadioRadio \"RadioRadio\") | | [Rome](/wiki/Rome \"Rome\") | Local; [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\") | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radioradio.it](http://www.radioradio.it) |\n| [RTL 102\\.5 Best](/wiki/RTL_102.5_Best \"RTL 102.5 Best\") | | [Milan](/wiki/Milan \"Milan\") | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); [Hot Adult Contemporary](/wiki/Hot_Adult_Contemporary \"Hot Adult Contemporary\") | [DAB](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.rtl.it](http://www.rtl.it) |\n| [Radio Pianeta](/wiki/Radio_Pianeta \"Radio Pianeta\") | | [Cividate al piano](/wiki/Cividate_al_piano \"Cividate al piano\") ([BG](/wiki/Province_of_Bergamo \"Province of Bergamo\")) | Local; [News/Talk](/wiki/News/Talk \"News/Talk\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\") | [www.radiopianeta.it](http://www.radiopianeta.it) |\n| [Multiradio](/wiki/Multiradio \"Multiradio\") | [Multiradio srl](/wiki/Multiradio_srl \"Multiradio srl\") | [Tolentino](/wiki/Tolentino \"Tolentino\") ([MC](/wiki/Province_of_Macerata \"Province of Macerata\")) | Local; [Adult Contemporary](/wiki/Adult_Contemporary \"Adult Contemporary\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\") | [www.multiradio.it](http://www.multiradio.it) |\n| [Radio Bruno](/wiki/Radio_Bruno \"Radio Bruno\") | [Radio Bruno](/wiki/Radio_Bruno \"Radio Bruno\") | [Carpi](/wiki/Carpi%2C_Emilia-Romagna \"Carpi, Emilia-Romagna\") ([MO](/wiki/Province_of_Modena \"Province of Modena\")) | Local; [Pop, Contemporary](/wiki/Pop%2C_Contemporary \"Pop, Contemporary\") | [FM, streaming online, Dvb\\-T](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\") | [www.radiobruno.it](http://www.radiobruno.it) |\n| [Radio Subasio](/wiki/Radio_Subasio \"Radio Subasio\") | Radio Subasio S.R.L. [Mediaset](/wiki/Mediaset%23Radio \"Mediaset#Radio\") | [Assisi](/wiki/Assisi \"Assisi\") ([PG](/wiki/Province_of_Perugia \"Province of Perugia\")) | Local; [Adult Contemporary](/wiki/Adult_Contemporary \"Adult Contemporary\") | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), [DVB\\-S2](/wiki/DVB-S2 \"DVB-S2\") | [Radio Subasio](http://www.radiosubasio.it) |\n| Radio 23 FEEL THE FLOW | Radio 23 FEEL THE FLOW | Milano (MI) | Italian and International Hip Hop, Rap, Trap | streaming online | [www.radio23\\.it](http://www.radio23.it) |\n| [Radio Zeta](/wiki/Radio_Zeta \"Radio Zeta\") | | [Cologno Monzese](/wiki/Cologno_Monzese \"Cologno Monzese\") ([MI](/wiki/Province_of_Milano \"Province of Milano\")) | [Commercial](/wiki/Commercial_radio \"Commercial radio\"); Music Rock and Pop | [FM](/wiki/Frequency_Modulation \"Frequency Modulation\"), [DAB\\+](/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting \"Digital Audio Broadcasting\"), streaming online, [DVB\\-T](/wiki/DVB-T \"DVB-T\"), [DVB\\-S](/wiki/DVB-S \"DVB-S\") | [www.radiozeta.it](http://www.radiozeta.it) |\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of radio stations in Turin](/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Turin \"List of radio stations in Turin\")\n* [List of radio stations in Rome](/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Rome \"List of radio stations in Rome\")\n* [List of radio stations in Naples](/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Naples \"List of radio stations in Naples\")\n* [List of Italian\\-language radio stations](/wiki/List_of_Italian-language_radio_stations \"List of Italian-language radio stations\")\n* [List of European medium wave transmitters](/wiki/List_of_European_medium_wave_transmitters \"List of European medium wave transmitters\")\n* [Media of Italy](/wiki/Media_of_Italy \"Media of Italy\")\n* [List of newspapers in Italy](/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Italy \"List of newspapers in Italy\")\n* [List of magazines published in Italy](/wiki/List_of_magazines_published_in_Italy \"List of magazines published in Italy\")\n* [Television in Italy](/wiki/Television_in_Italy \"Television in Italy\")\n* [List of television channels in Italy](/wiki/List_of_television_channels_in_Italy \"List of television channels in Italy\")\n* [Censorship in Italy](/wiki/Censorship_in_Italy \"Censorship in Italy\")\n* [Telecommunications in Italy](/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy \"Telecommunications in Italy\")\n* [Internet in Italy](/wiki/Internet_in_Italy \"Internet in Italy\")\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n"
]
} |
There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama | {
"id": [
27823944
],
"name": [
"GreenC bot"
]
} | ay49cccp0xhguacgbq85gzktxk2mm2u | 2024-05-14T01:55:03Z | 1,214,204,330 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Production and themes",
"Conflicts",
"Welcome Home President Barack O'Bama",
"St. Patrick's Day 2024",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n\"**There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama**\" is a humorous folk song written in 2008 by the Irish band Hardy Drew and the Nancy Boys (later known as the Corrigan Brothers), and set to a tune derived from a traditional air. The song celebrates the Irish ancestry of the then [Democratic](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") candidate for [President of the United States](/wiki/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\"), [Barack Obama](/wiki/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\"). The song was a minor hit in the Irish charts, peaking at number 24 in November 2008\\.\n\n",
"Production and themes\n---------------------\n\n[thumb\\|left\\|Main Street, [Moneygall](/wiki/Moneygall \"Moneygall\") where in Ollie Hayes' pub the song was first performed.](/wiki/Image:O%27bamaville.JPG \"O'bamaville.JPG\")\nObama's maternal roots have been traced back to [Moneygall](/wiki/Moneygall \"Moneygall\") in [County Offaly](/wiki/County_Offaly \"County Offaly\"), [Ireland](/wiki/Ireland \"Ireland\") in the 19th century. Moneygall has a population of 298 people.[CSO Ireland, Census 2006 \\- Volume 1 *Population Classified by Area* (Page 32\\)](http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/Amended%20census2006_%20Volume%201%20Pop%20Classified%20by%20Area.pdf) Obama had previously remarked, \"There's a little village in Ireland where my great\\-great\\-great grandfather came from and I'm looking forward to going there and having a pint,\" prompting the Irish [Taoiseach](/wiki/Taoiseach \"Taoiseach\") [Brian Cowen](/wiki/Brian_Cowen \"Brian Cowen\") \\- also a native of County Offaly \\- to invite him to do so.\n[thumb\\|right\\|The village of [Moneygall](/wiki/Moneygall \"Moneygall\") (population 298\\) from which one of Obama's great\\-great\\-great grandfathers came](/wiki/Image:Monrygall4577.jpg \"Monrygall4577.jpg\") \nHardy Drew and the Nancy Boys consists of brothers Ger, Brian and Donnacha Corrigan from [Castletroy](/wiki/Castletroy \"Castletroy\"), [County Limerick](/wiki/County_Limerick \"County Limerick\"). The song was performed by the band's lead singer Ger Corrigan, with Aedhmar Flaherty, Róisín O'Brien and Aodhán Ryan, in Ollie Hayes's pub in Moneygall. It was originally written by the established group in February 2008, and the group have since appeared on several Irish television and radio shows. It has since been featured on [MSNBC](/wiki/MSNBC \"MSNBC\") show *[Hardball with Chris Matthews](/wiki/Hardball_with_Chris_Matthews \"Hardball with Chris Matthews\")*.\n\nThe song, which received huge publicity in America and was described as a \"web hit\" by the [BBC](/wiki/BBC \"BBC\"), became popular after being released on YouTube, and as of 6 November 2008 it had over 50,000 hits, (80,000 by 10 November, 300,000 by 15 November, whilst Black's version had 700,000\\) and the band reported that they had been invited to perform in the anticipated victory celebrations for Obama, and at the [Irish\\-American](/wiki/Irish-American \"Irish-American\") [Democrats](/wiki/Democratic_Party_%28United_States%29 \"Democratic Party (United States)\") inauguration party in Washington in January 2009\\. \n\n",
"Conflicts\n---------\n\nGer Corrigan alleged that Shay Black, brother of Irish musician [Mary Black](/wiki/Mary_Black \"Mary Black\"), \"hijacked\" the song and claimed a co\\-writing credit while failing to acknowledge Hardy Drew and the Nancy Boys' authorship of the original version, a charge Black denied.\n\nBoth sides sought legal advice; the band contacted YouTube's solicitors as well as a copyright solicitor before announcing in a press release that the dispute had been resolved.\n\nJournalist [Fintan O'Toole](/wiki/Fintan_O%27Toole \"Fintan O'Toole\") criticized the song in *[The Irish Times](/wiki/The_Irish_Times \"The Irish Times\")* for \"its ignorance of cultural history\", claiming that it was inappropriate given [Irish Americans](/wiki/Irish_American \"Irish American\")' history of racism against [African Americans](/wiki/African_American \"African American\"), and that emphasizing Obama's Irish heritage would be \"muscling in on his parade\".\n Canon Stephen Neill, the rector of Moneygall who accompanied the band on their American trip, responded that it was only a pop song, and that African Americans had universally welcomed them.\n\nGer Corrigan later reported that the Corrigan Brothers had signed a deal with Universal for two singles and one album, with an option on a second album.\n\n",
"Welcome Home President Barack O'Bama\n------------------------------------\n\nIn March 2011, the Corrigan Brothers released a new version of their song for radio play to celebrate Barack Obama's visit to Ireland the following May. Entitled *Welcome Home President Barack O'Bama*, the song focused on Obama's visit to his ancestral home in Moneygall.\n\n",
"St. Patrick's Day 2024\n----------------------\n\nThe song was later used in a humorous Instagram post by Obama celebrating St. Patrick's Day for 2024\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Corrigan Brothers website](http://www.corriganbrothers.com)\n\t+ [Song lyrics on the website](http://www.corriganbrothers.com/no_one_as_irish_as_barrack_obama.html)\n* [HardyDrew's YouTube listing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xkw8ip43Vk) (official)\n* [Shay Black version YouTube listing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EADUQWKoVek) (official)\n* [CorriganBrothers verstion YouTube listing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HplZ_taHXLM) (official)\n* [Interview](https://web.archive.org/web/20090325213853/http://dynamic.rte.ie/quickaxs/209-rte-tts-thetubridyshow-2008-09-30.smil) with Ger Corrigan by Ryan Tubridy; RTÉ Radio One on 30 September 2008\\.\n\n[Category:2008 singles](/wiki/Category:2008_singles \"2008 singles\")\n[Category:Irish\\-American culture](/wiki/Category:Irish-American_culture \"Irish-American culture\")\n[Category:Irish songs](/wiki/Category:Irish_songs \"Irish songs\")\n[Category:Songs about Ireland](/wiki/Category:Songs_about_Ireland \"Songs about Ireland\")\n[Category:Songs about Barack Obama](/wiki/Category:Songs_about_Barack_Obama \"Songs about Barack Obama\")\n[Category:2008 songs](/wiki/Category:2008_songs \"2008 songs\")\n[Category:2008 YouTube videos](/wiki/Category:2008_YouTube_videos \"2008 YouTube videos\")\n\n"
]
} |
Hotolisht | {
"id": [
40227636
],
"name": [
"Himariot234"
]
} | flhrbu84c33ao916udlkl0ugoz0bzog | 2024-06-10T10:08:23Z | 1,092,221,406 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Demographic history",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Hotolisht** is a village and a former municipality in the [Elbasan County](/wiki/Elbasan_County \"Elbasan County\"), eastern [Albania](/wiki/Albania \"Albania\"). At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality [Librazhd](/wiki/Librazhd \"Librazhd\"). The population at the 2011 census was 5,706\\.[2011 census results](http://www.instat.gov.al/media/195817/4__elbasan.pdf) The municipal unit consists of the villages Buzgare, Dardhe, Hotolisht, Kokreve, Vehcan, Vulcan and Xhyre.\n\n",
"Demographic history\n-------------------\n\nThe village of Hotolisht appears in the [Ottoman](/wiki/Ottoman_Empire \"Ottoman Empire\") *[defter](/wiki/Defter \"Defter\")* of 1467 as a settlement in the [vilayet](/wiki/Vilayet \"Vilayet\") of [Çermeniça](/wiki/%C3%87ermenik%C3%AB \"Çermenikë\") with a total of 13 households, represented by the following household heads: *[Pop](/wiki/Priesthood_%28Eastern_Orthodox_Church%29 \"Priesthood (Eastern Orthodox Church)\") Shtjafenim*, *Pop Kozmai*, *Gjergj Vlashi*, *Mekshe Koleci*, *Progon Goroda* (possibly, *Guruda* or *[Gruda](/wiki/Gruda_%28tribe%29 \"Gruda (tribe)\")*), *Tolë Penkuli*, *Gjon [Primiqyri](/wiki/Primicerius \"Primicerius\")*, *Nikolla Bosi*, *Nenko Andropoli*, *Progon Pilashi*, *Petër Vlashi*, *Ishri Vlashi*, and *Gjergj Koja*.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Former municipalities in Elbasan County](/wiki/Category:Former_municipalities_in_Elbasan_County \"Former municipalities in Elbasan County\")\n[Category:Administrative units of Librazhd](/wiki/Category:Administrative_units_of_Librazhd \"Administrative units of Librazhd\")\n[Category:Villages in Elbasan County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Elbasan_County \"Villages in Elbasan County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Dhaulakot | {
"id": [
43209736
],
"name": [
"Alalch E."
]
} | oqqd2cl9b9v6lwowln62b7vv7h6kkx3 | 2023-06-12T22:44:35Z | 1,159,849,505 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Dhaulakot** is a [village development committee](/wiki/Village_development_committee_%28Nepal%29 \"Village development committee (Nepal)\") in [Darchula District](/wiki/Darchula_District \"Darchula District\") in the [Mahakali Zone](/wiki/Mahakali_Zone \"Mahakali Zone\") of western [Nepal](/wiki/Nepal \"Nepal\"). At the time of the [1991 Nepal census](/wiki/1991_Nepal_census \"1991 Nepal census\") it had a population of 2094 people living in 337 individual households.\n\nDhaulakot is 13 kilometers from district headquarters in Khalaga. There are nine wards in the VDC. Main villages of Dhoulakot VDC are Dokat, Naji, Shyaku, Chukpani, Tigram, and Chandakot.\n\nThe village of Dhaulakot has temples to the Hindu gods [Durga](/wiki/Durga \"Durga\"), Mahadev ([shiva](/wiki/Shiva \"Shiva\")), [Brahma](/wiki/Brahma \"Brahma\"), Bhumiraj ([Visnu](/wiki/Visnu \"Visnu\")) and [Devi](/wiki/Devi \"Devi\"), Hosker, and Patauja. Famous temples and Jattra are Durgamandau, mahadevmandau, Hoskermandau, and Brahmandau. The famous jattra is jageni. Other temples named Harichnd Devta, shrichand devata, mangade bubu, and Ritghade Bubu are also situated at Dhaulakot VDC.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [UN map of the municipalities of Darchula District](http://www.un.org.np/maps/district-maps/far-western/Darchula.pdf)\n\n[Category:Populated places in Darchula District](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Darchula_District \"Populated places in Darchula District\")\n\n"
]
} |
Ranisikhar | {
"id": [
355698
],
"name": [
"Pegship"
]
} | 3du6uesp3ejtjvn5z9vi7n40gimvfr7 | 2020-05-01T04:39:48Z | 785,820,238 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Ranisikhar** is a [village development committee](/wiki/Village_development_committee_%28Nepal%29 \"Village development committee (Nepal)\") in [Darchula District](/wiki/Darchula_District \"Darchula District\") in the [Mahakali Zone](/wiki/Mahakali_Zone \"Mahakali Zone\") of western [Nepal](/wiki/Nepal \"Nepal\"). At the time of the [1991 Nepal census](/wiki/1991_Nepal_census \"1991 Nepal census\") it had a population of 1839 people living in 318 individual households.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [UN map of the municipalities of Darchula District](http://www.un.org.np/maps/district-maps/far-western/Darchula.pdf)\n\n \n\n[Category:Populated places in Darchula District](/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Darchula_District \"Populated places in Darchula District\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Bernard Tchibambelela | {
"id": [
9155723
],
"name": [
"Tacyarg"
]
} | te3olnd1x42mbguun420uabb19s5ea3 | 2024-09-11T08:54:03Z | 1,147,223,507 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Political career during the 1980s and 1990s",
"Political career since 2007",
"Personal life",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Mpaki Bernard** (born 14 June 1956\\) is a [Congolese](/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo \"Republic of the Congo\") politician who served in the government of Congo\\-Brazzaville as Minister of Fishing and Aquaculture from 2012 to 2016\\. A member of the [Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development](/wiki/Congolese_Movement_for_Democracy_and_Integral_Development \"Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development\") (MCDDI), he was first vice\\-president of the [National Assembly of Congo\\-Brazzaville](/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Congo-Brazzaville \"National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville\") for a brief period in 1992, and he was second vice\\-president of the National Assembly from 2007 to 2012\\.Willy Mbossa and Roger Ngombé, [\"Qui sont les nouveaux membres du bureau de l'Assemblée nationale ?\"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110708092319/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=18232), *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, 8 September 2007 .\n\n",
"Political career during the 1980s and 1990s\n-------------------------------------------\n\nTchibambelela, also known as Mpaki Bernard, a member of the [Lari ethnic group](/wiki/Lari_%28ethnic_group%29 \"Lari (ethnic group)\"),*Congo\\-Brazzaville: dérives politiques, catastrophe humanitaire, désirs de paix* (1999\\), Karthala Editions, page 95 . was born in [Brazzaville](/wiki/Brazzaville \"Brazzaville\") in 1956\\. He received degrees in economics, rural law, and agronomic engineering, and headed banks in Congo\\-Brazzaville and [France](/wiki/France \"France\"). From 1982 to 1989, he was Director\\-General of the Bank of Rural Credit at the same time Director\\-General of CFCO(Chemin de fer Congo Ocean) in Congo\\-Brazzaville.Désirée Hermione Ngoma, [\"Pêche et Aquaculture : Bernard Tchibambelela prend la tête du ministère\"](http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=63489&oldaction=liste®pay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=09&select_year=2012), *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, 27 September 2012 . During the single\\-party rule of the [Congolese Labour Party](/wiki/Congolese_Labour_Party \"Congolese Labour Party\") (PCT), Tchibambelela was a member of the PCT; he was considered a protégé of [Pierre Moussa](/wiki/Pierre_Moussa \"Pierre Moussa\"), the Minister of Planning and Finance, and he was elected to the PCT Central Committee at the PCT's Fourth Ordinary Congress, held on 26–31 July 1989\\.[*Yearbook on International Communist Affairs*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oq_mAAAAMAAJ&q=Moussa+economist) (1990\\), page 12\\. ([Yearbook on International Communist Affairs](/wiki/Yearbook_on_International_Communist_Affairs \"Yearbook on International Communist Affairs\") series) Tchibambelela was Economic Adviser to President [Denis Sassou Nguesso](/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso \"Denis Sassou Nguesso\") from 1989 to 1991\\. The PCT regime was forced to introduce multiparty politics in 1990,John F. Clark, \"Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate\", in *Political Reform in Francophone Africa* (1997\\), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 67–68\\. and Tchibambelela joined the MCDDI, a new party led by [Bernard Kolélas](/wiki/Bernard_Kol%C3%A9las \"Bernard Kolélas\"), in 1991\\. The MCDDI drew its main support from members of the Lari ethnic group, like Tchibambelela, as well as the [Bakongo](/wiki/Bakongo \"Bakongo\"), and it was the dominant party in the [Pool Region](/wiki/Pool_Region \"Pool Region\").Clark, \"Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate\", pages 70–73\\.\n\nIn the [June–July 1992 parliamentary election](/wiki/1992_Republic_of_the_Congo_parliamentary_election \"1992 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election\"), Tchibambelela was elected to the National Assembly as the MCDDI candidate in the second constituency of [Dolisie](/wiki/Dolisie \"Dolisie\"), in the Pool Region. After the election, the MCDDI and six other parties formed the [Union for Democratic Renewal](/wiki/Union_for_Democratic_Renewal_%28Congo%29 \"Union for Democratic Renewal (Congo)\") (URD), an opposition coalition, on 27 August 1992\\.Joachim Emmanuel Goma\\-Thethet, \"Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991–97\", in *Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress* (2005\\), ed. Tukumbi Lumumba\\-Kasongo, Zed Books, page 111\\. The PCT—which had briefly formed an alliance with [Pascal Lissouba](/wiki/Pascal_Lissouba \"Pascal Lissouba\") and his [Pan\\-African Union for Social Democracy](/wiki/Pan-African_Union_for_Social_Democracy \"Pan-African Union for Social Democracy\") (UPADS)—then defected to the opposition, and together the URD–PCT alliance held a parliamentary majority.\n\nWith its parliamentary majority, the URD–PCT alliance was able to elect the candidates of its choice to the top posts in the National Assembly. In the vote, held on 24 September 1992, the PCT's [André Mouélé](/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mou%C3%A9l%C3%A9 \"André Mouélé\") was elected as President of the National Assembly, while Tchibambelela was elected as its first vice\\-president.Gaston\\-Jonas Kouvibidila, [*Histoire du multipartisme au Congo\\-Brazzaville: Les débuts d'une crise attendue, 1992–1993*](https://books.google.com/books?id=slN1AAAAMAAJ&q=Bernard+Tchibambelela) (2000\\), L'Harmattan, page 193 . Tchibambelela held that position for only two months, however; President Lissouba was unwilling to cooperate with an opposition\\-controlled National Assembly and dissolved it on 17 November 1992\\.\"Dec 1992 – New government\", *Keesing's Record of World Events*, volume 38, December 1992, Congo, page 39,227\\.[*Africa Research Bulletin: Political Series*, volumes 28–29](https://books.google.com/books?id=IWm4AAAAIAAJ&q=lissouba+national+assembly+17th+november) (1992\\), page 10,780\\.\n\nPresident Lissouba's dissolution of the National Assembly necessitated a [new parliamentary election](/wiki/1993_Republic_of_the_Congo_parliamentary_election \"1993 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election\"), which was held in May–June 1993\\. Tchibambelela was re\\-elected to his seat from Goma Tsé\\-Tsé, but the URD–PCT alliance was narrowly defeated by the pro\\-Lissouba coalition. The opposition furiously contested the official results of the 1993 election, and serious political violence followed. Amidst the violence, Tchibambelela was vice\\-president of the *ad hoc* Parliamentary Commission for Peace.Goma\\-Thethet, \"Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991–97\", page 116\\. An agreement signed on 30 January 1994 facilitated a gradual return to peace.Clark, \"Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate\", pages 74–75\\.\n\nTchibambelela remained a Deputy in the National Assembly until October 1997, when rebel forces supporting Denis Sassou Nguesso captured Brazzaville and ousted Lissouba at the end of the [1997 civil war](/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_Civil_War_%281997%E2%80%931999%29 \"Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999)\").\n\n",
"Political career since 2007\n---------------------------\n\nTchibambelela, a member of the National Committee of the MCDDI,[\"Comité national du MCDDI nommé par Bernard Kolelas\"](http://www.congopage.com/article3393.html), Congopage website, 10 March 2006 . was elected to the National Assembly in the [June 2007 parliamentary election](/wiki/2007_Republic_of_the_Congo_parliamentary_election \"2007 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election\") as the MCDDI candidate in the Mbanza\\-Ndounga constituency of the Pool Region;[\"Elections législatives : les 44 élus du premier tour\"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120226063341/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=17017&oldaction=liste®pay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0), *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, 2 July 2007 . he won the seat in the first round with 60\\.98% of the vote. On 4 September 2007, when the National Assembly held its first meeting of the new parliamentary term, he was elected as second vice\\-president of the National Assembly,Cyr Armel Yabbat\\-Ngo, \"Session inaugurale de la 12ème législature de l'Assemblée nationale: Un fidèle du président Sassou au perchoir\", *La Semaine Africaine*, number 2,725, 7 September 2007, page 3 . receiving 120 votes from the 129 deputies who were present. He was additionally assigned responsibility for the National Assembly's relations with the [Parliamentary Assembly of La Francophonie](/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_La_Francophonie \"Parliamentary Assembly of La Francophonie\").Cyr Armel Yabbat\\-Ngo, \"Rentrée parlementaire de la 12ème législature: Les bureaux des commissions permanentes ont été enfin élus\", *La Semaine Africaine*, number 2,729, 21 September 2007, page 5 .\n\nOn 15 September 2007, the Association of Parliamentarians of the Pool was established with Tchibambelela as its president.\"Département du Pool: Plus de négociations avec le pasteur Ntumi, attendu à Brazzaville pour prendre ses fonctions\", *La Semaine Africaine*, number 2,729, 21 September 2007, page 3 . In that capacity, he released a statement in early July 2009 affirming that all of the Pool's parliamentarians supported President Sassou Nguesso's bid for re\\-election in the [July 2009 presidential election](/wiki/2009_Republic_of_the_Congo_presidential_election \"2009 Republic of the Congo presidential election\").[\"Election présidentielle – Les parlementaires du Pool soutiennent Denis Sassou N'Guesso\"](http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=30916&oldaction=liste®pay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0), *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, 8 July 2009 .\n\nTchibambelela published a book, *Le Commerce mondial de la faim : stratégie de rupture positive au Congo\\-Brazzaville*, through [L'Harmattan](/wiki/L%27Harmattan \"L'Harmattan\") in October 2009\\. The book discussed the problem of hunger in the developing world and Tchibambelela's ideas for solving the problem in Congo\\-Brazzaville.Jean Dany Ebouélé, [\"Bernard Tchibambelela publie Le Commerce mondial de la faim : stratégie de rupture positive au Congo\\-Brazzaville\"](http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=33853&oldaction=liste®pay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0), *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, 23 October 2009 .\n\nBernard Kolélas died in November 2009, and Tchibambelela was subsequently considered one of the main potential contenders for the party leadership, along with Kolélas' son [Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas](/wiki/Guy_Brice_Parfait_Kol%C3%A9las \"Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas\").Thierry Noungou, \"Le Mouvement congolais pour la démocratie et le développement intégral au centre de tous les regards\", *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, 6 January 2010 . \n\nIn the [July–August 2012 parliamentary election](/wiki/2012_Republic_of_the_Congo_parliamentary_election \"2012 Republic of the Congo parliamentary election\"), Tchibambelela was re\\-elected to the National Assembly as the MCDDI candidate in Mbanza\\-Ndounga constituency; he won the seat in the first round with 71\\.85% of the vote.[\"Résultats du premier tour des élections législatives 2012\"](https://archive.today/20121205091748/http://www.lasemaineafricaine.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4244:resultats-du-premier-tour-des-elections-legislatives-2012&catid=4:national&Itemid=3), *La Semaine Africaine*, 24 July 2012 . However, when the deputies met to elect the members of the National Assembly's bureau for the new parliamentary term on 5 September 2012, Tchibambelela did not receive a post on the bureau.Roger Ngombé, [\"Assemblée nationale : Justin Koumba reconduit à la présidence\"](http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=62800&oldaction=liste®pay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=1&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=09&select_year=2012), *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, 5 September 2012 .Joël Nsoni, [\"Nouveau gouvernement : Six partants, sept entrants et des inamovibles!\"](http://lasemaineafricaine.net/index.php/national/4760-nouveau-gouvernement-six-partants-sept-entrants-et-des-inamovibles), *La Semaine Africaine*, 28 September 2012 . He was instead appointed to the government as Minister of Fishing and Aquaculture on 25 September 2012\\.[\"Remaniement ministériel au Congo\\-Brazzaville\"](http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20120926-congo-brazzaville-remaniement-gouvernement-zacharie-bowao-charles-richard-mondjo), Radio France Internationale, 26 September 2012 .[\"Une nouvelle équipe de 38 membres publiée hier\"](http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/medias/dossiertele/PDF1584.pdf) , *Les Dépêches de Brazzaville*, number 1,584, 26 September 2012, page 1 .\n\nFollowing Sassou Nguesso's re\\-election in the [March 2016 presidential election](/wiki/2016_Republic_of_the_Congo_presidential_election \"2016 Republic of the Congo presidential election\"), Tchibambelela was dismissed from the government on 30 April 2016 and later on exiled in France with his family.Trésor Kibangula, [\"Congo\\-Brazzaville : ce qu’il faut savoir sur le nouveau gouvernement\"](http://www.jeuneafrique.com/322151/politique/congo-brazzaville-quil-faut-savoir-nouveau-gouvernement/), *Jeune Afrique*, 3 May 2016 . He then returned to his seat in the National Assembly.Roger Ngombé, [\"Assemblée nationale : le réaménagement du bureau à l’ordre du jour de la session en cours\"](http://adiac-congo.com/content/assemblee-nationale-le-reamenagement-du-bureau-lordre-du-jour-de-la-session-en-cours-52078), ADIAC, 2 June 2016 .\n\n",
"Personal life\n-------------\n\nMpaki Bernard is married to a successful businesswoman Mrs jeanne and both together have five children with their first son named Mpaki corrad Bernard born 8 November 1992, Mpaki Deesse, Mpaki Gorsset, Mpaki Dousse, and the Benjamin Mpaki Diverna all born in Congo Brazzaville.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1956 births](/wiki/Category:1956_births \"1956 births\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Members of the National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_National_Assembly_%28Republic_of_the_Congo%29 \"Members of the National Assembly (Republic of the Congo)\")\n[Category:People from Brazzaville](/wiki/Category:People_from_Brazzaville \"People from Brazzaville\")\n\n"
]
} |
1949–50 New York Knicks season | {
"id": [
6689490
],
"name": [
"Giants2008"
]
} | prvg5gobh7gr3h3bcs6g05342lmt8nc | 2024-07-18T18:21:18Z | 1,233,219,877 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"NBA draft",
"Roster",
"Regular season",
"Season standings",
"Record vs. opponents",
"Game log",
"Playoffs",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **1949–50 New York Knicks season** was the fourth [season](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_NBA_season \"1949–50 NBA season\") for the team and the first following the merger of the [Basketball Association of America](/wiki/Basketball_Association_of_America \"Basketball Association of America\") and the [National Basketball League](/wiki/National_Basketball_League_%28United_States%29 \"National Basketball League (United States)\") that formed the [National Basketball Association](/wiki/National_Basketball_Association \"National Basketball Association\") (NBA). In the regular season, the [Knicks](/wiki/New_York_Knicks \"New York Knicks\") finished in second place in the Eastern Division, posting a 40–28 record and advancing to the [NBA playoffs](/wiki/NBA_playoffs \"NBA playoffs\"). New York won its [first round](/wiki/1950_NBA_Playoffs \"1950 NBA Playoffs\") series against the [Washington Capitols](/wiki/Washington_Capitols \"Washington Capitols\"), 2–0, to make it to the Eastern Division finals. There, the team was defeated two games to one by the [Syracuse Nationals](/wiki/Syracuse_Nationals \"Syracuse Nationals\").\n\n",
"NBA draft\n---------\n\n| Round | Pick | Player | Position | Nationality | School/Club Team |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | 7 | [Dick McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") | G | | [St. John's](/wiki/St._John%27s_University_%28New_York%29 \"St. John's University (New York)\") |\n| 2 | – | [Harry Donovan](/wiki/Harry_Donovan \"Harry Donovan\") | G | | [Muhlenberg College](/wiki/Muhlenberg_College \"Muhlenberg College\") |\n| 3 | – | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") | F/G | | [Colgate](/wiki/Colgate_University \"Colgate University\") |\n\n",
"Roster\n------\n\n{\\| class\\=\"toccolours\" style\\=\"font\\-size: 95%; width: 100%;\"\\|}\n\\|\\-\n! colspan\\=\"2\" style\\=\"background\\-color: \\#1560BE; color: \\#FFFFFF; text\\-align: center;\" \\| **New York Knicks 1949–50 roster**\n\\|\\- style\\=\"background\\-color: \\#FF7518; color: \\#FFFFFF; text\\-align: center;\"\n! **Players** !! **Coaches**\\|\\- \n\\| valign\\=\"top\" \\|\n{\\| class\\=\"sortable\" style\\=\"background:transparent; margin:0px; width:100%;\"\\|}\n! Pos. !! \\# !! Name !! Ht. !! Wt. !! From\n\\|\\-\n\n",
"Regular season\n--------------\n\n### Season standings\n\n### Record vs. opponents\n\n|1949–50 NBA records\n\n| |\n|Team\n\nAND\n\nBAL\n\nBOS\n\nCHI\n\nDEN\n\nFWP\n\nIND\n\nMIN\n\nNYK\n\nPHI\n\nROC\n\nSHE\n\nSTL\n\nSYR\n\nTCB\n\nWAS\n\nWAT\n\n| [Anderson](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Anderson_Packers_season \"1949–50 Anderson Packers season\") | — | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 4–3 | 1–1 | 2–5 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 5–2 | 2–0 | 3–4 | 7–2 | 1–1 | 7–0 |\n| [Baltimore](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Baltimore_Bullets_season \"1949–50 Baltimore Bullets season\") | 1–1 | — | 2–4 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–5 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 1–1 |\n| [Boston](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Boston_Celtics_season \"1949–50 Boston Celtics season\") | 2–0 | 4–2 | — | 0–6 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–5 | 3–3 | 0–6 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–3 | 1–1 |\n| [Chicago](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Chicago_Stags_season \"1949–50 Chicago Stags season\") | 1–1 | 5–1 | 6–0 | — | 2–0 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 2–4 | 4–2 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 |\n| [Denver](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Denver_Nuggets_season \"1949–50 Denver Nuggets season\") | 3–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | — | 0–2 | 0–7 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–4 | 0–2 | 1–6 | 0–7 | 0–2 | 2–5 |\n| [Fort Wayne](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Fort_Wayne_Pistons_season \"1949–50 Fort Wayne Pistons season\") | 1–1 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 4–2 | 2–0 | — | 1–1 | 2–4 | 4–2 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 1–1 |\n| [Indianapolis](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Indianapolis_Olympians_season \"1949–50 Indianapolis Olympians season\") | 5–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 7–0 | 1–1 | — | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 5–2 | 1–1 | 2–7 | 4–3 | 1–1 | 5–2 |\n| [Minneapolis](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Minneapolis_Lakers_season \"1949–50 Minneapolis Lakers season\") | 1–1 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 1–1 | — | 5–1 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 6–0 | 2–0 |\n| New York | 1–1 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 1–5 | — | 1–5 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 2–0 |\n| [Philadelphia](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Philadelphia_Warriors_season \"1949–50 Philadelphia Warriors season\") | 1–1 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 1–5 | — | 1–5 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 2–0 |\n| [Rochester](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Rochester_Royals_season \"1949–50 Rochester Royals season\") | 2–0 | 3–3 | 6–0 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 5–1 | — | 1–1 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 6–0 | 2–0 |\n| [Sheboygan](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Sheboygan_Red_Skins_season \"1949–50 Sheboygan Red Skins season\") | 2–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 4–3 | 0–2 | 2–5 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | — | 0–2 | 1–6 | 3–4 | 2–0 | 4–3 |\n| [St. Louis](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_St._Louis_Bombers_%28NBA%29_season \"1949–50 St. Louis Bombers (NBA) season\") | 0–2 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 1–5 | 2–0 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 2–4 | 4–2 | 1–5 | 2–0 | — | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–6 | 1–1 |\n| [Syracuse](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Syracuse_Nationals_season \"1949–50 Syracuse Nationals season\") | 4–3 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 6–1 | 2–0 | 7–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 6–1 | 1–1 | — | 6–1 | 1–1 | 6–1 |\n| [Tri\\-Cities](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Tri-Cities_Blackhawks_season \"1949–50 Tri-Cities Blackhawks season\") | 2–7 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 7–0 | 0–2 | 3–4 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 4–3 | 0–2 | 1–6 | — | 1–1 | 4–3 |\n| [Washington](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Washington_Capitols_season \"1949–50 Washington Capitols season\") | 1–1 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 0–6 | 1–5 | 4–2 | 0–6 | 0–2 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | — | 1–1 |\n| [Waterloo](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Waterloo_Hawks_season \"1949–50 Waterloo Hawks season\") | 0–7 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 5–2 | 1–1 | 2–5 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–4 | 1–1 | 1–6 | 3–4 | 1–1 | — |\n\n### Game log\n\n| 1949–50 game log | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **\\#** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Score** | **High points** | **Record** |\n| 1 | November 1 | at [Chicago](/wiki/Chicago_Stags \"Chicago Stags\") | 89–87 (OT) | [Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\"), [McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (18\\) | 1–0 |\n| 2 | November 2 | at [Waterloo](/wiki/Waterloo_Hawks \"Waterloo Hawks\") | 68–60 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (19\\) | 2–0 |\n| 3 | November 3 | at [Fort Wayne](/wiki/Fort_Wayne_Pistons \"Fort Wayne Pistons\") | 72–87 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (13\\) | 2–1 |\n| 4 | November 5 | at [Tri\\-Cities](/wiki/Tri-Cities_Blackhawks \"Tri-Cities Blackhawks\") | 76–72 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (19\\) | 3–1 |\n| 5 | November 6 | at [Sheboygan](/wiki/Sheboygan_Red_Skins \"Sheboygan Red Skins\") | 93–99 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (22\\) | 3–2 |\n| 6 | November 8 | at [Indianapolis](/wiki/Indianapolis_Olympians \"Indianapolis Olympians\") | 79–64 | [Paul Noel](/wiki/Paul_Noel \"Paul Noel\") (15\\) | 4–2 |\n| 7 | November 10 | Indianapolis | 79–83 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (18\\) | 4–3 |\n| 8 | November 12 | at [Rochester](/wiki/Rochester_Royals \"Rochester Royals\") | 73–94 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (14\\) | 4–4 |\n| 9 | November 13 | at [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia_76ers \"Philadelphia 76ers\") | 66–80 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (18\\) | 4–5 |\n| 10 | November 15 | Syracuse | 74–77 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (19\\) | 4–6 |\n| 11 | November 18 | vs [Denver](/wiki/Denver_Nuggets_%281948%E2%80%9350%29 \"Denver Nuggets (1948–50)\") | 85–78 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (15\\) | 5–6 |\n| 12 | November 19 | [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia_Warriors \"Philadelphia Warriors\") | 85–69 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (16\\) | 6–6 |\n| 13 | November 22 | at [Washington](/wiki/Washington_Capitols \"Washington Capitols\") | 89–74 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (19\\) | 7–6 |\n| 14 | November 23 | Washington | 87–67 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (17\\) | 8–6 |\n| 15 | November 24 | at Philadelphia | 75–70 | [Donovan](/wiki/Harry_Donovan \"Harry Donovan\"), [McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (14\\) | 9–6 |\n| 16 | November 26 | [Boston](/wiki/Boston_Celtics \"Boston Celtics\") | 96–84 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (20\\) | 10–6 |\n| 17 | November 27 | at Fort Wayne | 77–72 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (19\\) | 11–6 |\n| 18 | November 30 | at [Minneapolis](/wiki/Minneapolis_Lakers \"Minneapolis Lakers\") | 92–102 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (20\\) | 11–7 |\n| 19 | December 1 | at [St. Louis](/wiki/St._Louis_Bombers_%28NBA%29 \"St. Louis Bombers (NBA)\") | 85–68 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (26\\) | 12–7 |\n| 20 | December 3 | [Baltimore](/wiki/Baltimore_Bullets_%281944%E2%80%9354%29 \"Baltimore Bullets (1944–54)\") | 85–55 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (16\\) | 13–7 |\n| 21 | December 8 | at Baltimore | 82–60 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (23\\) | 14–7 |\n| 22 | December 10 | Chicago | 93–91 (OT) | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (21\\) | 15–7 |\n| 23 | December 14 | Minneapolis | 94–84 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (26\\) | 16–7 |\n| 24 | December 17 | St. Louis | 81–76 (2OT) | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (23\\) | 17–7 |\n| 25 | December 19 | at [Anderson](/wiki/Anderson_Packers \"Anderson Packers\") | 86–83 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (17\\) | 18–7 |\n| 26 | December 20 | at Chicago | 77–79 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (23\\) | 18–8 |\n| 27 | December 21 | at St. Louis | 52–75 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (11\\) | 18–9 |\n| 28 | December 23 | at Denver | 83–72 | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (19\\) | 19–9 |\n| 29 | December 26 | Rochester | 80–83 (OT) | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (31\\) | 19–10 |\n| 30 | December 27 | at Boston | 78–97 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (15\\) | 19–11 |\n| 31 | December 28 | at Philadelphia | 79–72 | [Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\"), [Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (19\\) | 20–11 |\n| 32 | December 31 | at Washington | 64–70 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (17\\) | 20–12 |\n| 33 | January 1 | Philadelphia | 81–59 | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (16\\) | 21–12 |\n| 34 | January 5 | vs Waterloo | 82–70 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (21\\) | 22–12 |\n| 35 | January 7 | Fort Wayne | 80–88 | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (20\\) | 22–13 |\n| 36 | January 11 | Washington | 73–72 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (18\\) | 23–13 |\n| 37 | January 14 | Boston | 82–80 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (21\\) | 24–13 |\n| 38 | January 19 | Minneapolis | 83–94 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (18\\) | 24–14 |\n| 39 | January 22 | Rochester | 81–71 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (23\\) | 25–14 |\n| 40 | January 24 | vs Sheboygan | 101–68 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (19\\) | 26–14 |\n| 41 | January 25 | Fort Wayne | 96–66 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (22\\) | 27–14 |\n| 42 | January 26 | at Baltimore | 79–77 (2OT) | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (19\\) | 28–14 |\n| 43 | January 28 | Philadelphia | 55–58 | [Dick McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (14\\) | 28–15 |\n| 44 | January 29 | at Fort Wayne | 70–92 | [Ray Lumpp](/wiki/Ray_Lumpp \"Ray Lumpp\") (16\\) | 28–16 |\n| 45 | January 31 | vs Tri\\-Cities | 77–83 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (16\\) | 28–17 |\n| 46 | February 1 | at Minneapolis | 81–96 | [Harry Donovan](/wiki/Harry_Donovan \"Harry Donovan\") (19\\) | 28–18 |\n| 47 | February 2 | at St. Louis | 87–73 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (18\\) | 29–18 |\n| 48 | February 4 | at Washington | 76–71 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (24\\) | 30–18 |\n| 49 | February 5 | Rochester | 65–73 | [Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\"), [Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (13\\) | 30–19 |\n| 50 | February 8 | St. Louis | 82–84 (2OT) | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (22\\) | 30–20 |\n| 51 | February 11 | Chicago | 85–75 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (19\\) | 31–20 |\n| 52 | February 15 | Baltimore | 80–67 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (20\\) | 32–20 |\n| 53 | February 18 | Fort Wayne | 80–84 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (16\\) | 32–21 |\n| 54 | February 19 | at Rochester | 92–105 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (30\\) | 32–22 |\n| 55 | February 21 | at Philadelphia | 84–73 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (16\\) | 33–22 |\n| 56 | February 22 | Washington | 89–81 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (38\\) | 34–22 |\n| 57 | February 25 | Chicago | 86–79 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (13\\) | 35–22 |\n| 58 | March 1 | Baltimore | 82–76 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (16\\) | 36–22 |\n| 59 | March 2 | at Boston | 81–72 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (21\\) | 37–22 |\n| 60 | March 4 | Minneapolis | 75–84 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (22\\) | 37–23 |\n| 61 | March 8 | St. Louis | 80–78 (OT) | [Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\"), [Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (20\\) | 38–23 |\n| 62 | March 9 | at Baltimore | 79–91 | [Ray Lumpp](/wiki/Ray_Lumpp \"Ray Lumpp\") (17\\) | 38–24 |\n| 63 | March 11 | vs Anderson | 89–91 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (36\\) | 38–25 |\n| 64 | March 12 | at Minneapolis | 66–87 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (17\\) | 38–26 |\n| 65 | March 14 | at Chicago | 75–85 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (24\\) | 38–27 |\n| 66 | March 15 | Boston | 88–84 (OT) | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (26\\) | 39–27 |\n| 67 | March 17 | at Boston | 98–96 (2OT) | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (20\\) | 40–27 |\n| 68 | March 18 | at Rochester | 74–77 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (17\\) | 40–28 |\n\n",
"### Season standings\n\n",
"### Record vs. opponents\n\n|1949–50 NBA records\n\n| |\n|Team\n\nAND\n\nBAL\n\nBOS\n\nCHI\n\nDEN\n\nFWP\n\nIND\n\nMIN\n\nNYK\n\nPHI\n\nROC\n\nSHE\n\nSTL\n\nSYR\n\nTCB\n\nWAS\n\nWAT\n\n| [Anderson](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Anderson_Packers_season \"1949–50 Anderson Packers season\") | — | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 4–3 | 1–1 | 2–5 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 5–2 | 2–0 | 3–4 | 7–2 | 1–1 | 7–0 |\n| [Baltimore](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Baltimore_Bullets_season \"1949–50 Baltimore Bullets season\") | 1–1 | — | 2–4 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–5 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 1–1 |\n| [Boston](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Boston_Celtics_season \"1949–50 Boston Celtics season\") | 2–0 | 4–2 | — | 0–6 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–5 | 3–3 | 0–6 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–3 | 1–1 |\n| [Chicago](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Chicago_Stags_season \"1949–50 Chicago Stags season\") | 1–1 | 5–1 | 6–0 | — | 2–0 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 2–4 | 4–2 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 |\n| [Denver](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Denver_Nuggets_season \"1949–50 Denver Nuggets season\") | 3–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | — | 0–2 | 0–7 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–4 | 0–2 | 1–6 | 0–7 | 0–2 | 2–5 |\n| [Fort Wayne](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Fort_Wayne_Pistons_season \"1949–50 Fort Wayne Pistons season\") | 1–1 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 4–2 | 2–0 | — | 1–1 | 2–4 | 4–2 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 1–1 |\n| [Indianapolis](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Indianapolis_Olympians_season \"1949–50 Indianapolis Olympians season\") | 5–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 7–0 | 1–1 | — | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 5–2 | 1–1 | 2–7 | 4–3 | 1–1 | 5–2 |\n| [Minneapolis](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Minneapolis_Lakers_season \"1949–50 Minneapolis Lakers season\") | 1–1 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 1–1 | — | 5–1 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 6–0 | 2–0 |\n| New York | 1–1 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 1–5 | — | 1–5 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 2–0 |\n| [Philadelphia](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Philadelphia_Warriors_season \"1949–50 Philadelphia Warriors season\") | 1–1 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 1–5 | — | 1–5 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 2–0 |\n| [Rochester](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Rochester_Royals_season \"1949–50 Rochester Royals season\") | 2–0 | 3–3 | 6–0 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 5–1 | — | 1–1 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 6–0 | 2–0 |\n| [Sheboygan](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Sheboygan_Red_Skins_season \"1949–50 Sheboygan Red Skins season\") | 2–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 4–3 | 0–2 | 2–5 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | — | 0–2 | 1–6 | 3–4 | 2–0 | 4–3 |\n| [St. Louis](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_St._Louis_Bombers_%28NBA%29_season \"1949–50 St. Louis Bombers (NBA) season\") | 0–2 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 1–5 | 2–0 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 2–4 | 4–2 | 1–5 | 2–0 | — | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–6 | 1–1 |\n| [Syracuse](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Syracuse_Nationals_season \"1949–50 Syracuse Nationals season\") | 4–3 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 6–1 | 2–0 | 7–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 6–1 | 1–1 | — | 6–1 | 1–1 | 6–1 |\n| [Tri\\-Cities](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Tri-Cities_Blackhawks_season \"1949–50 Tri-Cities Blackhawks season\") | 2–7 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 7–0 | 0–2 | 3–4 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 4–3 | 0–2 | 1–6 | — | 1–1 | 4–3 |\n| [Washington](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Washington_Capitols_season \"1949–50 Washington Capitols season\") | 1–1 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 0–6 | 1–5 | 4–2 | 0–6 | 0–2 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | — | 1–1 |\n| [Waterloo](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Waterloo_Hawks_season \"1949–50 Waterloo Hawks season\") | 0–7 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 5–2 | 1–1 | 2–5 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–4 | 1–1 | 1–6 | 3–4 | 1–1 | — |\n\n",
"### Game log\n\n| 1949–50 game log | | | | | | | | | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **\\#** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Score** | **High points** | **Record** |\n| 1 | November 1 | at [Chicago](/wiki/Chicago_Stags \"Chicago Stags\") | 89–87 (OT) | [Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\"), [McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (18\\) | 1–0 |\n| 2 | November 2 | at [Waterloo](/wiki/Waterloo_Hawks \"Waterloo Hawks\") | 68–60 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (19\\) | 2–0 |\n| 3 | November 3 | at [Fort Wayne](/wiki/Fort_Wayne_Pistons \"Fort Wayne Pistons\") | 72–87 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (13\\) | 2–1 |\n| 4 | November 5 | at [Tri\\-Cities](/wiki/Tri-Cities_Blackhawks \"Tri-Cities Blackhawks\") | 76–72 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (19\\) | 3–1 |\n| 5 | November 6 | at [Sheboygan](/wiki/Sheboygan_Red_Skins \"Sheboygan Red Skins\") | 93–99 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (22\\) | 3–2 |\n| 6 | November 8 | at [Indianapolis](/wiki/Indianapolis_Olympians \"Indianapolis Olympians\") | 79–64 | [Paul Noel](/wiki/Paul_Noel \"Paul Noel\") (15\\) | 4–2 |\n| 7 | November 10 | Indianapolis | 79–83 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (18\\) | 4–3 |\n| 8 | November 12 | at [Rochester](/wiki/Rochester_Royals \"Rochester Royals\") | 73–94 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (14\\) | 4–4 |\n| 9 | November 13 | at [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia_76ers \"Philadelphia 76ers\") | 66–80 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (18\\) | 4–5 |\n| 10 | November 15 | Syracuse | 74–77 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (19\\) | 4–6 |\n| 11 | November 18 | vs [Denver](/wiki/Denver_Nuggets_%281948%E2%80%9350%29 \"Denver Nuggets (1948–50)\") | 85–78 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (15\\) | 5–6 |\n| 12 | November 19 | [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia_Warriors \"Philadelphia Warriors\") | 85–69 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (16\\) | 6–6 |\n| 13 | November 22 | at [Washington](/wiki/Washington_Capitols \"Washington Capitols\") | 89–74 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (19\\) | 7–6 |\n| 14 | November 23 | Washington | 87–67 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (17\\) | 8–6 |\n| 15 | November 24 | at Philadelphia | 75–70 | [Donovan](/wiki/Harry_Donovan \"Harry Donovan\"), [McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (14\\) | 9–6 |\n| 16 | November 26 | [Boston](/wiki/Boston_Celtics \"Boston Celtics\") | 96–84 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (20\\) | 10–6 |\n| 17 | November 27 | at Fort Wayne | 77–72 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (19\\) | 11–6 |\n| 18 | November 30 | at [Minneapolis](/wiki/Minneapolis_Lakers \"Minneapolis Lakers\") | 92–102 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (20\\) | 11–7 |\n| 19 | December 1 | at [St. Louis](/wiki/St._Louis_Bombers_%28NBA%29 \"St. Louis Bombers (NBA)\") | 85–68 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (26\\) | 12–7 |\n| 20 | December 3 | [Baltimore](/wiki/Baltimore_Bullets_%281944%E2%80%9354%29 \"Baltimore Bullets (1944–54)\") | 85–55 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (16\\) | 13–7 |\n| 21 | December 8 | at Baltimore | 82–60 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (23\\) | 14–7 |\n| 22 | December 10 | Chicago | 93–91 (OT) | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (21\\) | 15–7 |\n| 23 | December 14 | Minneapolis | 94–84 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (26\\) | 16–7 |\n| 24 | December 17 | St. Louis | 81–76 (2OT) | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (23\\) | 17–7 |\n| 25 | December 19 | at [Anderson](/wiki/Anderson_Packers \"Anderson Packers\") | 86–83 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (17\\) | 18–7 |\n| 26 | December 20 | at Chicago | 77–79 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (23\\) | 18–8 |\n| 27 | December 21 | at St. Louis | 52–75 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (11\\) | 18–9 |\n| 28 | December 23 | at Denver | 83–72 | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (19\\) | 19–9 |\n| 29 | December 26 | Rochester | 80–83 (OT) | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (31\\) | 19–10 |\n| 30 | December 27 | at Boston | 78–97 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (15\\) | 19–11 |\n| 31 | December 28 | at Philadelphia | 79–72 | [Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\"), [Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (19\\) | 20–11 |\n| 32 | December 31 | at Washington | 64–70 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (17\\) | 20–12 |\n| 33 | January 1 | Philadelphia | 81–59 | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (16\\) | 21–12 |\n| 34 | January 5 | vs Waterloo | 82–70 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (21\\) | 22–12 |\n| 35 | January 7 | Fort Wayne | 80–88 | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (20\\) | 22–13 |\n| 36 | January 11 | Washington | 73–72 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (18\\) | 23–13 |\n| 37 | January 14 | Boston | 82–80 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (21\\) | 24–13 |\n| 38 | January 19 | Minneapolis | 83–94 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (18\\) | 24–14 |\n| 39 | January 22 | Rochester | 81–71 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (23\\) | 25–14 |\n| 40 | January 24 | vs Sheboygan | 101–68 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (19\\) | 26–14 |\n| 41 | January 25 | Fort Wayne | 96–66 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (22\\) | 27–14 |\n| 42 | January 26 | at Baltimore | 79–77 (2OT) | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (19\\) | 28–14 |\n| 43 | January 28 | Philadelphia | 55–58 | [Dick McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (14\\) | 28–15 |\n| 44 | January 29 | at Fort Wayne | 70–92 | [Ray Lumpp](/wiki/Ray_Lumpp \"Ray Lumpp\") (16\\) | 28–16 |\n| 45 | January 31 | vs Tri\\-Cities | 77–83 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (16\\) | 28–17 |\n| 46 | February 1 | at Minneapolis | 81–96 | [Harry Donovan](/wiki/Harry_Donovan \"Harry Donovan\") (19\\) | 28–18 |\n| 47 | February 2 | at St. Louis | 87–73 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (18\\) | 29–18 |\n| 48 | February 4 | at Washington | 76–71 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (24\\) | 30–18 |\n| 49 | February 5 | Rochester | 65–73 | [Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\"), [Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (13\\) | 30–19 |\n| 50 | February 8 | St. Louis | 82–84 (2OT) | [Ernie Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (22\\) | 30–20 |\n| 51 | February 11 | Chicago | 85–75 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (19\\) | 31–20 |\n| 52 | February 15 | Baltimore | 80–67 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (20\\) | 32–20 |\n| 53 | February 18 | Fort Wayne | 80–84 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (16\\) | 32–21 |\n| 54 | February 19 | at Rochester | 92–105 | [Connie Simmons](/wiki/Connie_Simmons \"Connie Simmons\") (30\\) | 32–22 |\n| 55 | February 21 | at Philadelphia | 84–73 | [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (16\\) | 33–22 |\n| 56 | February 22 | Washington | 89–81 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (38\\) | 34–22 |\n| 57 | February 25 | Chicago | 86–79 | [Tex Ritter](/wiki/Tex_Ritter_%28basketball%29 \"Tex Ritter (basketball)\") (13\\) | 35–22 |\n| 58 | March 1 | Baltimore | 82–76 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (16\\) | 36–22 |\n| 59 | March 2 | at Boston | 81–72 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (21\\) | 37–22 |\n| 60 | March 4 | Minneapolis | 75–84 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (22\\) | 37–23 |\n| 61 | March 8 | St. Louis | 80–78 (OT) | [Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\"), [Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (20\\) | 38–23 |\n| 62 | March 9 | at Baltimore | 79–91 | [Ray Lumpp](/wiki/Ray_Lumpp \"Ray Lumpp\") (17\\) | 38–24 |\n| 63 | March 11 | vs Anderson | 89–91 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (36\\) | 38–25 |\n| 64 | March 12 | at Minneapolis | 66–87 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (17\\) | 38–26 |\n| 65 | March 14 | at Chicago | 75–85 | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (24\\) | 38–27 |\n| 66 | March 15 | Boston | 88–84 (OT) | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (26\\) | 39–27 |\n| 67 | March 17 | at Boston | 98–96 (2OT) | [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (20\\) | 40–27 |\n| 68 | March 18 | at Rochester | 74–77 | [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (17\\) | 40–28 |\n\n",
"Playoffs\n--------\n\n\\|\\- align\\=\"center\" bgcolor\\=\"\\#ccffcc\"\n\\| 1\n\\| March 21\n\\| @ [Washington](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Washington_Capitols_season \"1949–50 Washington Capitols season\")\n\\| [W 90–87](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/195003210WSC.html)\n\\| [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (26\\)\n\\| [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (6\\)\n\\| [Uline Arena](/wiki/Uline_Arena \"Uline Arena\")\n\\| 1–0\n\\|\\- align\\=\"center\" bgcolor\\=\"\\#ccffcc\"\n\\| 2\n\\| March 22\n\\| [Washington](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Washington_Capitols_season \"1949–50 Washington Capitols season\")\n\\| [W 103–83](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/195003220NYK.html)\n\\| [Harry Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\") (20\\)\n\\| [Dick McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (6\\)\n\\| [Madison Square Garden III](/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden_%281925%29 \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\")\n\\| 2–0\n\\|\\-\n\n\\|\\- align\\=\"center\" bgcolor\\=\"\\#ffcccc\" \n\\| 1\n\\| March 26\n\\| @ [Syracuse](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Syracuse_Nationals_season \"1949–50 Syracuse Nationals season\")\n\\| [L 83–91 (OT)](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/195003260SYR.html)\n\\| [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (22\\)\n\\| [Carl Braun](/wiki/Carl_Braun_%28basketball%29 \"Carl Braun (basketball)\") (4\\)\n\\| [State Fair Coliseum](/wiki/Toyota_Coliseum \"Toyota Coliseum\")\n\\| 0–1\n\\|\\- align\\=\"center\" bgcolor\\=\"\\#ccffcc\" \n\\| 2\n\\| March 30\n\\| [Syracuse](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Syracuse_Nationals_season \"1949–50 Syracuse Nationals season\")\n\\| [W 80–76](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/195003300NYK.html)\n\\| [Vince Boryla](/wiki/Vince_Boryla \"Vince Boryla\") (21\\)\n\\| [Dick McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (7\\)\n\\| [Madison Square Garden III](/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden_%281925%29 \"Madison Square Garden (1925)\")\n\\| 1–1\n\\|\\- align\\=\"center\" bgcolor\\=\"\\#ffcccc\" \n\\| 3\n\\| April 2\n\\| @ [Syracuse](/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Syracuse_Nationals_season \"1949–50 Syracuse Nationals season\")\n\\| [L 80–91](https://www.basketball-reference.com/boxscores/195004020SYR.html)\n\\| [Gallatin](/wiki/Harry_Gallatin \"Harry Gallatin\"), [Vandeweghe](/wiki/Ernie_Vandeweghe \"Ernie Vandeweghe\") (17\\)\n\\| [Dick McGuire](/wiki/Dick_McGuire \"Dick McGuire\") (5\\)\n\\| [State Fair Coliseum](/wiki/Toyota_Coliseum \"Toyota Coliseum\")\n\\| 1–2\n\\|\\-\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:New York Knicks seasons](/wiki/Category:New_York_Knicks_seasons \"New York Knicks seasons\")\n[New York](/wiki/Category:1949%E2%80%9350_NBA_season_by_team \"1949–50 NBA season by team\")\n[New York Knicks](/wiki/Category:1949_in_sports_in_New_York_City \"1949 in sports in New York City\")\n[New York Knicks](/wiki/Category:1950_in_sports_in_New_York_City \"1950 in sports in New York City\")\n[Category:1940s in Manhattan](/wiki/Category:1940s_in_Manhattan \"1940s in Manhattan\")\n[Category:1950s in Manhattan](/wiki/Category:1950s_in_Manhattan \"1950s in Manhattan\")\n\n"
]
} |
Khurshit Lutfullayev | {
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
} | 192zhs4ha2fuswny4w6y0eyqad9xqy7 | 2024-08-10T15:28:05Z | 1,164,204,024 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Career",
"Career statistics",
"International",
"International goals",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Khurshit Lutfullayev** is a [Kyrgyzstani](/wiki/Kyrgyzstan \"Kyrgyzstan\") [footballer](/wiki/Association_football \"Association football\"). He is a member of the [Kyrgyzstan national football team](/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_national_football_team \"Kyrgyzstan national football team\"). He currently play for [FC Abdish\\-Ata Kant](/wiki/FC_Abdish-Ata_Kant \"FC Abdish-Ata Kant\").\n\n",
"Career\n------\n\nBy the end of the 2013 season, Lutfullayev reached the milestone of scoring at least 100 goals in [Kyrgyzstan League](/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_League \"Kyrgyzstan League\") and [Cup](/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_Cup \"Kyrgyzstan Cup\") matches.\n\n",
"Career statistics\n-----------------\n\n### International\n\n|[Kyrgyzstan national team](/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_national_football_team \"Kyrgyzstan national football team\")\n\n| |\n| Year | Apps | Goals |\n| 2007 | 6 | 2 |\n| 2008 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2009 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2010 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2011 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2012 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2013 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2014 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2015 | 0 | 0 |\n| Total | 12 | 2 |\n\n*Statistics accurate as of match played 23 May 2015*\n\n### International goals\n\n| \\# | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 |24 August 2007 [New Delhi](/wiki/New_Delhi \"New Delhi\"), [India](/wiki/India \"India\") **1**–0 |3–0 [Nehru Cup 2007](/wiki/Nehru_Cup_International_Football_Tournament_2007 \"Nehru Cup International Football Tournament 2007\")\n\n| 2 | **2**–0 |\n\n",
"### International\n\n|[Kyrgyzstan national team](/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_national_football_team \"Kyrgyzstan national football team\")\n\n| |\n| Year | Apps | Goals |\n| 2007 | 6 | 2 |\n| 2008 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2009 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2010 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2011 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2012 | 0 | 0 |\n| 2013 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2014 | 2 | 0 |\n| 2015 | 0 | 0 |\n| Total | 12 | 2 |\n\n*Statistics accurate as of match played 23 May 2015*\n\n",
"### International goals\n\n| \\# | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 |24 August 2007 [New Delhi](/wiki/New_Delhi \"New Delhi\"), [India](/wiki/India \"India\") **1**–0 |3–0 [Nehru Cup 2007](/wiki/Nehru_Cup_International_Football_Tournament_2007 \"Nehru Cup International Football Tournament 2007\")\n\n| 2 | **2**–0 |\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:Kyrgyzstani men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Kyrgyzstani_men%27s_footballers \"Kyrgyzstani men's footballers\")\n[Category:Kyrgyzstan men's international footballers](/wiki/Category:Kyrgyzstan_men%27s_international_footballers \"Kyrgyzstan men's international footballers\")\n[Category:Kyrgyzstani expatriate men's footballers](/wiki/Category:Kyrgyzstani_expatriate_men%27s_footballers \"Kyrgyzstani expatriate men's footballers\")\n[Category:1983 births](/wiki/Category:1983_births \"1983 births\")\n[Category:Men's association football forwards](/wiki/Category:Men%27s_association_football_forwards \"Men's association football forwards\")\n[Category:Kyrgyz Premier League players](/wiki/Category:Kyrgyz_Premier_League_players \"Kyrgyz Premier League players\")\n[Category:FC Abdysh\\-Ata Kant players](/wiki/Category:FC_Abdysh-Ata_Kant_players \"FC Abdysh-Ata Kant players\")\n[Category:Footballers from Bishkek](/wiki/Category:Footballers_from_Bishkek \"Footballers from Bishkek\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Pentadius | {
"id": [
494861
],
"name": [
"Srnec"
]
} | 46isja1kcz4r6htf8j03w7kn4he8cgk | 2024-08-23T01:58:18Z | 1,026,090,242 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Biography",
"Notes",
"Bibliography"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Pentadius** ( 354–361\\) was an officer of the [Roman Empire](/wiki/Roman_Empire \"Roman Empire\").\n\n",
"Biography\n---------\n\n[thumb\\|Coin of [Constantius Gallus](/wiki/Constantius_Gallus \"Constantius Gallus\"), the [caesar](/wiki/Caesar_%28title%29 \"Caesar (title)\") that Pentadius executed in [Pula](/wiki/Pula \"Pula\").](/wiki/File:Solidus-Constantius_Gallus-thessalonica_RIC_149.jpg \"Solidus-Constantius Gallus-thessalonica RIC 149.jpg\")\n\nHe was holding the office of *notarius* when, in 354, Emperor [Constantius II](/wiki/Constantius_II \"Constantius II\") ordered him, [Eusebius](/wiki/Eusebius_%28praepositus_sacri_cubiculi%29 \"Eusebius (praepositus sacri cubiculi)\") and [Mallobaudes](/wiki/Mallobaudes \"Mallobaudes\") to interrogate [Constantius Gallus](/wiki/Constantius_Gallus \"Constantius Gallus\"), formerly [Caesar](/wiki/Caesar_%28title%29 \"Caesar (title)\") of the East and cousin of Constantius II, while he was held prisoner in [Pula](/wiki/Pula \"Pula\"), asking him reason for each man he had put to death. Gallus was sentenced to death and [Serenianus](/wiki/Serenianus \"Serenianus\"), [Apodemius](/wiki/Apodemius \"Apodemius\") and Pentadius executed him.Ammianus Marcellinus, [xiv.11\\.21](/wiki/s:Roman_History/Book_XIV%23XI.21 \"Roman History/Book XIV#XI.21\"), [xiv.11\\.23](/wiki/s:Roman_History/Book_XIV%23XI.23 \"Roman History/Book XIV#XI.23\").\n\nIn 358 Pentadius was raised to the rank of *[magister officiorum](/wiki/Magister_officiorum \"Magister officiorum\")* of the new Caesar of the West [Julian](/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate \"Julian the Apostate\"), brother of Gallus, whom he followed in [Gaul](/wiki/Gaul \"Gaul\"). Pentadius, however, opposed Julian; together with [Paulus Catena](/wiki/Paulus_Catena \"Paulus Catena\") and [Gaudentius](/wiki/Gaudentius_%28notarius%29 \"Gaudentius (notarius)\") he had [Salutius](/wiki/Salutius \"Salutius\"), a friend and a collaborator of Julian's, removed from his office.Julian, 282 B\\-C. In 360, together with Nebridius and [Decentius](/wiki/Decentius_%28magister_officiorum%29 \"Decentius (magister officiorum)\"), he suggested Julian to obey Constantius, who had asked to his caesar to send him back his best troops;Ammianus Marcellinus, [xx.8\\.19](/wiki/s:Roman_History/Book_XX%23VIII.19 \"Roman History/Book XX#VIII.19\"), [xxii.3\\.5](/wiki/s:Roman_History/Book_XXII%23III.5 \"Roman History/Book XXII#III.5\"). when the troops who did not want to leave Gaul for the eastern front acclaimed Julian emperor, Pentadius and [Euterius](/wiki/Euterius \"Euterius\") were sent to bring Constantius some letters announcing the events.Ammianus Marcellinus, [xx.9\\.1](/wiki/s:Roman_History/Book_XX%23IX.1 \"Roman History/Book XX#IX.1\"); Zosimus, iii.9\\.3—4\\.\n\nIn 361, Julian became the only Emperor; after entering [Constantinople](/wiki/Constantinople \"Constantinople\"), he formed the [Chalcedon tribunal](/wiki/Chalcedon_tribunal \"Chalcedon tribunal\") to put under trial Constantius' officers; Pentadius was accused for his involvement in Gallus' trial and death, but was found not guilty.Ammianus Marcellinus, [xxii.3\\.5](/wiki/s:Roman_History/Book_XXiI%23III.5 \"Roman History/Book XXiI#III.5\").\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\nPrimary sources\n* [Ammianus Marcellinus](/wiki/Ammianus_Marcellinus \"Ammianus Marcellinus\"), *Res gestae*\n* [Julian](/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate \"Julian the Apostate\"), *Letter to the Athenians*\n* [Zosimus](/wiki/Zosimus_%28historian%29 \"Zosimus (historian)\"), *New History*\n\nSecondary sources\n* [Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin](/wiki/Arnold_Hugh_Martin_Jones \"Arnold Hugh Martin Jones\"), [John Robert Martindale](/wiki/John_Robert_Martindale \"John Robert Martindale\"), [John Morris](/wiki/John_Morris_%28historian%29 \"John Morris (historian)\"), *[The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire](/wiki/The_Prosopography_of_the_Later_Roman_Empire \"The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire\")*, Cambridge University Press, 1992, , p. 687\\.\n\n[Category:4th\\-century Romans](/wiki/Category:4th-century_Romans \"4th-century Romans\")\n[Category:Magistri officiorum](/wiki/Category:Magistri_officiorum \"Magistri officiorum\")\n\n"
]
} |
Local government in Kerala | {
"id": [
45891502
],
"name": [
"ToadetteEdit"
]
} | jmvulptdckt28fcfo4hfgznaxqydkii | 2024-07-14T13:40:56Z | 1,234,459,896 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Types of Local Self-Government Institutions",
"Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)",
"Panchayat raj institutions (PRIs)",
"District Wise Data",
"Local body elections results",
"Grama Sabha",
"Functions of local governments",
"Committee System",
"The Role of State Government",
"Independent Oversight Institutions",
"Extent of Decentralization",
"Present scenario",
"Proposed reforms",
"Kerala Grama Panchayat Association",
"E-Governance",
"E-District",
"E-Gram",
"See also",
"Notes",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n{\n\n```\n \"type\": \"ExternalData\",\n \"service\": \"geoshape\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#ff0000\",\n \"stroke-width\": 1\n },\n \"query\": \"# Gram Panchayats in Kerala\\nSELECT ?id ?idLabel\\n(concat('\n```\n\n[', ?idLabel, '](/wiki/%27%2C_%3FidLabel%2C_%27 \"', ?idLabel, '\")') as ?title)\\\\nWHERE\\\\n{\\\\n?id wdt:P31 wd:Q2732840\\. \\# is a district\\\\n?id wdt:P131\\* wd:Q1186\\. \\# in Kerala\\\\nSERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language 'en'}\\\\n}\"}\n\n[Kerala](/wiki/Kerala \"Kerala\") is a state on the southwestern coast of India. It is known for its high literacy rate, low infant mortality rate, and long life expectancy.\n\nFollowing the 73rd and 74th amendment (both in 1992\\) of the [Constitution of India](/wiki/Constitution_of_India \"Constitution of India\") which entrusted states with establishing [Panchayati Raj](/wiki/Panchayati_Raj \"Panchayati Raj\") institutions and Urban Local Bodies for devolution of powers, the Kerala government enacted the Kerala Panchayat Raj Act and the Kerala Municipality Act in 1994\\. These acts established a three\\-tier system of local government in Kerala, consisting of gram panchayats (village councils), block panchayats, and district panchayats. The acts also gave these local governments a wide range of powers and responsibilities, including providing basic civic amenities, promoting economic development, and providing social welfare services.\n\n",
"Types of Local Self\\-Government Institutions\n--------------------------------------------\n\n### Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)\n\nUrban local bodies in Kerala, such as corporations and municipalities, are incorporated entities responsible for the governance and administration of towns and cities within the state. \nThese are classified based on the size of the population and economic activities of the urban settlement.\n* **[Municipal Corporation](/wiki/Municipal_Corporation \"Municipal Corporation\")**, also called the \"**Corporation**\" or \"Nagara Sabha\", of cities with more than 1 lakh population.\n* **[Municipality](/wiki/Municipality \"Municipality\")**, also called the \"**Nagara Sabha**\" of cities with more than 25,000 and less than 1 lakh population.\n\n### Panchayat raj institutions (PRIs)\n\nThe Panchayat Raj system is a three\\-tier system of local self\\-government in rural areas of Kerala that includes Gram Panchayats, Block Panchayats, and District Panchayats. The term \"Panchayat Raj\" translates to \"Rule of Panchayats\" or \"Rule of Local Self\\-Government.\"\n* **[District Panchayat](/wiki/District_Panchayat \"District Panchayat\")**, is the highest tier of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Kerala's rural governance system. It is the district level and represents entire rural areas of the district. It looks after the administration of the rural area of the [district](/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India \"List of districts in India\").\n\t+ **[Block Panchayat](/wiki/Block_Panchayat \"Block Panchayat\")**, It is the intermediate level and represents a group of Gram Panchayats in a [block](/wiki/Community_development_block \"Community development block\").\n\t+ **[Grama Panchayat](/wiki/Grama_Panchayat \"Grama Panchayat\")**, It is the lowest level of the institution and represents a village or a group of villages. it is the local government for a village.\n\n",
"### Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)\n\nUrban local bodies in Kerala, such as corporations and municipalities, are incorporated entities responsible for the governance and administration of towns and cities within the state. \nThese are classified based on the size of the population and economic activities of the urban settlement.\n* **[Municipal Corporation](/wiki/Municipal_Corporation \"Municipal Corporation\")**, also called the \"**Corporation**\" or \"Nagara Sabha\", of cities with more than 1 lakh population.\n* **[Municipality](/wiki/Municipality \"Municipality\")**, also called the \"**Nagara Sabha**\" of cities with more than 25,000 and less than 1 lakh population.\n\n",
"### Panchayat raj institutions (PRIs)\n\nThe Panchayat Raj system is a three\\-tier system of local self\\-government in rural areas of Kerala that includes Gram Panchayats, Block Panchayats, and District Panchayats. The term \"Panchayat Raj\" translates to \"Rule of Panchayats\" or \"Rule of Local Self\\-Government.\"\n* **[District Panchayat](/wiki/District_Panchayat \"District Panchayat\")**, is the highest tier of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) in Kerala's rural governance system. It is the district level and represents entire rural areas of the district. It looks after the administration of the rural area of the [district](/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India \"List of districts in India\").\n\t+ **[Block Panchayat](/wiki/Block_Panchayat \"Block Panchayat\")**, It is the intermediate level and represents a group of Gram Panchayats in a [block](/wiki/Community_development_block \"Community development block\").\n\t+ **[Grama Panchayat](/wiki/Grama_Panchayat \"Grama Panchayat\")**, It is the lowest level of the institution and represents a village or a group of villages. it is the local government for a village.\n\n",
"District Wise Data\n------------------\n\n[Kerala](/wiki/Kerala \"Kerala\") has 941 Village Panchayats (Grama panchayats), 152 Block Panchayats and 14 District Panchayats; in the urban areas, it has 87 [Municipalities](/wiki/Municipalities \"Municipalities\") and 6 Corporations, a total of 1200 Local Self Government Institutions. The list of number of local government institutions from the period 1995\\-2015 is given below:\n\n| Local body type | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Grama Panchayat | 990 | 991 | 999 | 978 | 941 |\n| Block Panchayat | 152 | 152 | 152 | 152 | 152 |\n| District Panchayat | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 |\n| Municipality | 55 | 53 | 53 | 60 | 87 |\n| Municipal Corporation | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |\n\nThe President of the Panchayat Raj Institutions(PRIs) has been declared as the executive authority. The senior most officials of various departments brought under the control of the Panchayat Raj Institutions have been declared as ex\\-officio Secretaries for that subject. The Panchayats have full administrative control including powers of disciplinary action over its own staff as well as staff transferred to it. To encourage a healthy relationship between officials and elected Members, the Act prescribes a code of conduct that lays down principles of polite behavior, respect for elected authorities, and protection of the freedom of the [civil servant](/wiki/Civil_servant \"Civil servant\") to render advice freely and fearlessly. All these features are there in the Kerala Municipality Act as well.\n\nThe Kerala Panchayat Raj Act and Kerala Municipalities Act 1994 were thoroughly restructured in 1999 and several innovative features laying strong legal foundation for evolving genuine institutions of Local Self Government were built in. The list of various local self governments in the state of Kerala are given below:[Local bodies list of Kerala, LSGD Kerala](http://lsgkerala.gov.in/system/files/2017-10/localbodies.pdf)\n\n| District | Urban (ULBs) | | Rural (PRIs) | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Municipal Corporations | Municipalities | District Panchayats | Block Panchayats | Grama Panchayats |\n| [Thiruvananthapuram](/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district \"Thiruvananthapuram district\") | 1 | 4 | 1 | 12 | 78 |\n| [Kollam](/wiki/Kollam_district \"Kollam district\") | 1 | 4 | 1 | 11 | 68 |\n| [Pathanamthitta](/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district \"Pathanamthitta district\") | \\- | 4 | 1 | 8 | 53 |\n| [Alappuzha](/wiki/Alappuzha_district \"Alappuzha district\") | \\- | 6 | 1 | 12 | 72 |\n| [Kottayam](/wiki/Kottayam_district \"Kottayam district\") | \\- | 6 | 1 | 11 | 71 |\n| [Idukki](/wiki/Idukki_district \"Idukki district\") | \\- | 2 | 1 | 8 | 52 |\n| [Ernakulam](/wiki/Ernakulam_district \"Ernakulam district\") | 1 | 13 | 1 | 14 | 82 |\n| [Thrissur](/wiki/Thrissur_district \"Thrissur district\") | 1 | 7 | 1 | 16 | 86 |\n| [Palakkad](/wiki/Palakkad_district \"Palakkad district\") | \\- | 7 | 1 | 13 | 88 |\n| [Malappuram](/wiki/Malappuram_district \"Malappuram district\") | \\- | 12 | 1 | 15 | 94 |\n| [Kozhikode](/wiki/Kozhikode_district \"Kozhikode district\") | 1 | 7 | 1 | 12 | 70 |\n| [Wayanad](/wiki/Wayanad_district \"Wayanad district\") | \\- | 3 | 1 | 4 | 23 |\n| [Kannur](/wiki/Kannur_district \"Kannur district\") | 1 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 71 |\n| [Kasaragod](/wiki/Kasaragod_district \"Kasaragod district\") | \\- | 3 | 1 | 6 | 38 |\n| **Total** | **6** | **87** | **14** | **152** | **941** |\n\n",
"Local body elections results\n----------------------------\n\n* **Bold** indicates most wins\n\n| \\+ [2020 Kerala local elections](/wiki/2020_Kerala_local_elections \"2020 Kerala local elections\") | Local self\\-government body | Local Bodies won | | | | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | | | |\n| [LDF](/wiki/Left_Democratic_Front \"Left Democratic Front\") | [UDF](/wiki/Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29 \"Left Democratic Front (Kerala)\") | Others | Tie |\n| **Gram Panchayats** | **514** | 321 | 42 | 64 | 941 |\n| **Block Panchayats** | **108** | 38 | 0 | 6 | 152 |\n| **District Panchayats** | **11** | 3 | 0 | 0 | 14 |\n| **[Municipalities](/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kerala \"Municipalities of Kerala\")** | **43** | 41 | 2 | 0 | 86 |\n| **[Corporations](/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_Kerala \"List of municipal corporations in Kerala\")** | **5** | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |\n\n| \\+ [2015 Kerala local elections](/wiki/2015_Kerala_local_elections \"2015 Kerala local elections\") | Local self\\-government body | Local Bodies won | | | | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | | | |\n| [LDF](/wiki/Left_Democratic_Front \"Left Democratic Front\") | [UDF](/wiki/Left_Democratic_Front_%28Kerala%29 \"Left Democratic Front (Kerala)\") | NDA | Others |\n| Gram Panchayats | **549** | 365 | 14 | 13 | 941 |\n| Block Panchayats | **90** | 61 | 0 | 1 | 152 |\n| District Panchayats | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 14 |\n| Municipalities | **44** | 41 | 1 | 0 | 87 |\n| Corporations | **4** | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |\n\n",
"Grama Sabha\n-----------\n\nKerala has created a three\\-tier in the form of Grama Sabhas equated with the electoral constituency of a Village Panchayat All the electors of the Ward are members of the Grama Sabha. It is an attempt to create a new set up for [direct democracy](/wiki/Direct_democracy \"Direct democracy\") – involving the people of the ward. The Grama Sabhas have been given clear rights and responsibilities with absolute powers for identification of beneficiaries, strong advisory powers for prioritizing developmental needs and wide powers of social audit.\n\n",
"Functions of local governments\n------------------------------\n\nThe 11th Schedule of the [Constitution of India](/wiki/Constitution_of_India \"Constitution of India\") lists out developmental areas where local governments should have a role in planning for economic development and social justice and in the implementation of such plans. Unlike many other States, [Kerala](/wiki/Kerala \"Kerala\") State defined the functional areas of the different tiers of local governments so precisely. In infrastructure and management of public institutions, the functional differentiation is sharp and clear, but in productive sectors the functions could not be earmarked clearly for each tier. There is a clear recognition that there is a role\\-range for local governments as Agent, Adviser, Manager, Partner and Actor – with the objective being to reduce the agency role and expand the autonomous – actor role. The Kerala Act classifies functions as mandatory functions, general functions and sector\\-wise functions. in its schedules.\n\nAccording to a study Dr Martin Patrick (Chief Economist) CPPR, \"Gram panchayats are performing better when compared to their performance three decades earlier but they are still not meeting expected standards in generating own funds with which they can plan their own special projects, s Steps need to be taken to generate own assets by collecting more non\\-tax revenue, particularly collecting potential building and professional tax\"\n\n",
"Committee System\n----------------\n\nAll Village and Block Panchayats have three Standing Committees and the District Panchayat five Standing Committees. The Standing Committees are constituted in such a way that every Member of the Panchayat gets a chance to function in one Standing Committee or the other. Each Standing Committee is assigned certain subjects and these Committees are expected to go into the subject areas both at the planning and implementation stage in great detail.\nFor the purpose of co\\-ordination, a steering committee is constituted consisting of the President and Vice President of the Panchayat and the Chairpersons of Standing Committees. In addition, there are Functional Committees for different subjects which can include experts and practitioners and the Panchayats are free to constitute Sub Committees to assist the Standing Committee or Functional Committee. There is also provision for constitution of Joint Committees with neighbouring Local Governments.\n\n",
"The Role of State Government\n----------------------------\n\nThe amended Kerala Panchayat Raj \\& Municipality Acts drastically reduces the powers of direct governmental control over Panchayat Raj Institutions. While Government can issue general guidelines regarding national and State policies it cannot meddle in day\\-to\\-day affairs or individual decisions. The Government can cancel resolutions of the Panchayat only through a process and in consultation with the Ombudsman or Appellate Tribunal according to the subject matter of the resolution. Similarly a Panchayat can be dissolved directly by government, only if it fails to pass the budget or if majority of its members have resigned. In all other cases a due process has to be followed and the Ombudsman has to be consulted before dissolution takes place. This is a unique feature which does not exist even in Center\\-State relations. In Kerala, Local Self\\-Government Institutions have been meaningfully empowered through massive transfer of resources as well as administrative powers.\n\nThe state government plays an important role in supporting and overseeing the functioning of local self\\-government institutions, which include Grama Panchayats, Block Panchayats, District Panchayats, Corporations and Municipalities. The Local Self\\-Government Department (LSGD) is the government department responsible for the administration and oversight of the local self\\-government institutions in the state. It is responsible for implementing government policies and programs related to local governance, decentralization, rural development and urban development.\nSome of the key field departments under the Local Self\\-Government Department in Kerala include:\n* **Directorate of Panchayats**, responsible for implementing policies, programs, and schemes related to Grama Panchayats, Block Panchayats, and District Panchayats. It provides administrative support, technical guidance, and training to the elected representatives and officials of the Panchayati Raj institutions.\n* **Directorate of Urban Affairs**, focuses on urban local bodies, including Municipalities and Corporations. It formulates policies and programs for urban development, infrastructure planning, and service delivery.\n* **Department of Rural Development**\n* Town and Country planning Department\n* Engineering wing\n* Kerala Institute of Local Administration (KILA), autonomous institution dedicated to research, training, and capacity building of elected representatives and officials of local self\\-government institutions.\n* **Suchitwa Mission**, specialised agency for waste management and sanitation.\n\n",
"Independent Oversight Institutions\n----------------------------------\n\nTo reduce governmental control and foster growth of self\\-government as envisaged in the Constitution, the Act provides for creation of independent institutions to deal with various aspects of local government functioning. They are listed below:\\-Local Governments in Kerala : Reforms, Decentralized Development \\& Local Government Finances, Mulagunnathukavu, Kerala Institute of Local Administration, 2003\nContents\n* **The State Election Commission**. The Election Commission has been given powers which go beyond those required for the conduct of elections. It is empowered to involve in [delimitation](/wiki/Boundary_delimitation \"Boundary delimitation\") of Wards as a member of the Delimiation Committee. Delimitation of wards was formerly done through the executive. The Commission has been given powers to disqualify defectors.\n* **The State Finance Commission**. This has been given the mandate as required by the Constitution. The first SFC was constituted in 1994 and the second SFC in 1999\\.\n* **Ombudsman for Local Governments**. This is a high power institution which has been given vast powers to check malfeasance in local governments in the discharge of developmental functions.\n* **Tribunal for Local Governments**. These are to be constituted at the Regional/District level to take care of appeals by citizens against decisions of the local government taken in the exercise of their regulatory role like issue of licence, grant of permit etc.\n* **State Development Council**. This is headed by the Chief Minister and consists of the entire Cabinet, Leader of opposition, Vice\\-Chairman of the State Planning Board, the Chief Secretary, all the District Panchayat Presidents who are also Chairperson of District Planning Committee and representatives of other tiers of local governments. This institution is expected to take the lead in policy formulation and in sorting out operation issues.\n\n",
"Extent of Decentralization\n--------------------------\n\nThe extent of decentralization and its nature can be gauged from the following facts: [Transfer of Functions to Local Governments in Kerala: Major Issues](http://keralaeconomy.com/admin/pdfs/LGs%20in%20Kerala.pdf) keralaeconomy.com\n* In the health sector all institutions other than medical colleges and big regional speciality hospitals have been placed under the control of the local governments. Kerala's public health care system has undergone tremendous decentralisation. Institutions for providing public health care, such as primary health centres ([PHCs](/wiki/Primary_Health_Centre_%28India%29 \"Primary Health Centre (India)\")), community health centres ([CHCs](/wiki/Community_health_center \"Community health center\")), taluk hospitals (THs), and district hospitals (DHs), have been given to local governments. District hospitals are run by district panchayats, taluk hospitals by block panchayats, taluk headquarters hospitals (THQHs) by municipalities, and primary health centres (PHCs) by panchayats. Community health centres (CHCs) are controlled by block panchayats. Urban primary health centres are managed by the respective urban local bodies. Management of community health centres and taluk hospitals within the municipal area in all systems of medicine is the responsibility of the respective municipality.[Decentralisation of the Health Care Sector in Kerala: Some Issues](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5127034_Decentralisation_of_the_Health_Care_Sector_in_Kerala_Some_Issues), by Dr. Lakshmi Narayana[Kerala’s Grass\\-roots\\-led Pandemic Response: Deciphering the Strength of Decentralisation](https://niua.in/intranet/sites/default/files/IDS_Working_Paper_552.pdf) by National institute of urban affairs.\n* In the [Education](/wiki/Education \"Education\") sector, in rural areas the upper primary schools, high schools and higher secondary schools have been transferred to the District Panchayats and the primary schools have been transferred to Gram Panchayats; in urban areas, all government schools have been transferred to the urban local governments. As part of this initiative, urban local bodies, such as Corporations and municipalities, have been entrusted with the management and administration of all schools within their respective limits. This includes lower primary schools, upper primary schools, high schools, and higher secondary schools. Under this model, the urban local bodies take direct responsibility for the administration, infrastructure development, and overall management of all schools in their jurisdiction. Local governments have control over the overall functioning of schools, including infrastructure development and day\\-to\\-day operations. However, the recruitment, appointment, and payment of teachers and staffs remain under the jurisdiction of the general education department of the state government.\n* The entire responsibility of [poverty alleviation](/wiki/Poverty_alleviation \"Poverty alleviation\") has gone to the local governments; all the centrally sponsored anti\\-poverty programmes are planned and implemented through them.\n* As regards Social welfare, barring statutory functions relating to [juvenile justice](/wiki/Juvenile_justice \"Juvenile justice\"), the entire functions have gone to local governments. The ICDS is fully implemented by Village Panchayats and Urban Local Governments. Care of the disabled, to a substantial degree has become a local government responsibility.\n* In the Agriculture and allied sectors, the de facto and de jure local government functions are Agricultural extension including farmer oriented support for increasing production and productivity, Watershed management and minor irrigation, Dairy development, Animal Husbandry including veterinary care \\& Inland fisheries.\n* Barring highways and major district roads, connectivity has become local government responsibility.\n* The whole of sanitation and most of rural water supply have moved over to local governments.\n* Promotion of tiny, cottage and small industries is mostly with the local governments.\n* All the welfare pensions are administered by the local governments.See Economic Review 2001 of the Kerala State Planning Board\n\n",
"Present scenario\n----------------\n\nIn short, most of the responsibilities relating to human and social development have been passed down to local governments. Welfare and poverty reduction are now largely dependent on local governments who also have considerable area of responsibility in the primary sector.\n\nLocal infrastructure creation is also largely in the domain of Panchayats and Nagarapalikas.\nCritical institutions of public service like hospitals, schools, anganwadis, veterinary institutions, Krishi Bhawans, hostels for Scheduled Castes and Care institutions for different disadvantaged groups have been transferred to local governments on as is where is condition. The responsibility of local governments which are typical of a non\\-plan nature in respect of these institutions include \\-\n1. routine and heavy maintenance of infrastructure\n2. upkeep and maintenance of equipment\n3. replenishment of consumables\n4. administrative charges relating to telephone, water, electricity, fuel etc.\n5. noon\\-meal cost in schools.\n\n",
"Proposed reforms\n----------------\n\nThe Second Administrative Reforms Commission, set up on 31 August 2005 to prepare a detailed blue print for revamping the public administration system, suggested measures to achieve a proactive, responsive, accountable, sustainable and efficient administration at all levels of the country in the country, including the local government system, submitted its sixth report exclusively on local governance under the title *Local Governance: An Inspiring Journey into the future* <https://web.archive.org/web/20120527170538/http://arc.gov.in/>. A brief summary of the report is there in the articleSee K Rajasekharan: *Reforming Local Governance in India : A New Paradigm for Development* In T M Joseph, Ed : *New Governance Paradigm : Issues in Development* P327 \\- 346, Delhi, Kalpaz Publications, 2008\n\n",
"Kerala Grama Panchayat Association\n----------------------------------\n\nKerala has a Grama Panchayath Association, formed under the [Kerala Government](/wiki/Kerala_Government \"Kerala Government\") Order No 85191/pt.sppl.1/66 \\& R D D on 29 December 1966 as an association of Grama Panchayaths. All Grama Panchayaths are affiliated to the Grama Panchayath Association.\nThe Kerala Grama Panchayath Association has responsibility in strengthening decentralization process and local governance in Kerala. For the purpose, the association organizes necessary research activities, Studies, action Researches, some study models and conduct discussions, seminars, training etc., on issues confronting panchayaths in the state.\n\n",
"E\\-Governance\n-------------\n\n### E\\-District\n\nKerala E\\-District project intends to provide Government services to citizens through Common Service Centers(CSC) which are easily accessible. Services from different departments are brought under one umbrella at any CSC. Some of the services are also made available through online portal. It utilizes backend computerization to e\\-enable the delivery of services and ensures transparency and uniform application of rules. The project involves integrated and seamless delivery of services to public by automation, integration and incorporating Business Process Re\\-Engineering(BPR) where ever required. In a nutshell E\\-District is a tailor\\-made program for minimizing effort and time to provide prompt and effective services to the public.\n\n### E\\-Gram\n\nHonourable Chief Minister of Kerala Shri. Oommen Chandy has declared Pampakuda panchayat, Ernakulam as the first digital panchayat in Kerala on 28 June 2014\\. Pampakuda panchayat has achieved this feat by digitalizing over 18,000 citizens' survey data with the help of E\\-Gram, a software built by a private IT company operating in Technolodge Piravom.\n\nE\\-Gram is a cloud based platform built exclusively for Gram Panchayats and is a data analytic tool which stores and analyses all information regarding people in a panchayat. E\\-Gram generates real\\-time analytics on population, literacy rate, male\\-female ratio, poverty threshold, internet penetration, access to electricity, access to clean water, healthcare etc. E\\-Gram's objective is to make panchayats more efficient, transparent and symbols of modernity by leveraging ICT at the cutting edge level to ensure transparency and accountability in their functioning through disclosure of information, social audit, efficient delivery of services and improving internal processes and management of panchayats. E\\-Gram has built\\-in SMS functionality which helps interact with people faster. This helps panchayats to roll out benefits, announcements, or even acknowledgement receipts for certificates in Malayalam. This automated SMS service can also send reminder SMSs to citizens who are due to pay their taxes.\n\n",
"### E\\-District\n\nKerala E\\-District project intends to provide Government services to citizens through Common Service Centers(CSC) which are easily accessible. Services from different departments are brought under one umbrella at any CSC. Some of the services are also made available through online portal. It utilizes backend computerization to e\\-enable the delivery of services and ensures transparency and uniform application of rules. The project involves integrated and seamless delivery of services to public by automation, integration and incorporating Business Process Re\\-Engineering(BPR) where ever required. In a nutshell E\\-District is a tailor\\-made program for minimizing effort and time to provide prompt and effective services to the public.\n\n",
"### E\\-Gram\n\nHonourable Chief Minister of Kerala Shri. Oommen Chandy has declared Pampakuda panchayat, Ernakulam as the first digital panchayat in Kerala on 28 June 2014\\. Pampakuda panchayat has achieved this feat by digitalizing over 18,000 citizens' survey data with the help of E\\-Gram, a software built by a private IT company operating in Technolodge Piravom.\n\nE\\-Gram is a cloud based platform built exclusively for Gram Panchayats and is a data analytic tool which stores and analyses all information regarding people in a panchayat. E\\-Gram generates real\\-time analytics on population, literacy rate, male\\-female ratio, poverty threshold, internet penetration, access to electricity, access to clean water, healthcare etc. E\\-Gram's objective is to make panchayats more efficient, transparent and symbols of modernity by leveraging ICT at the cutting edge level to ensure transparency and accountability in their functioning through disclosure of information, social audit, efficient delivery of services and improving internal processes and management of panchayats. E\\-Gram has built\\-in SMS functionality which helps interact with people faster. This helps panchayats to roll out benefits, announcements, or even acknowledgement receipts for certificates in Malayalam. This automated SMS service can also send reminder SMSs to citizens who are due to pay their taxes.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [Administrative reforms in Kerala](/wiki/Administrative_reforms_in_Kerala \"Administrative reforms in Kerala\")\n* [Gram panchayat](/wiki/Gram_panchayat \"Gram panchayat\")\n* [District Planning in Kerala](/wiki/District_Planning_in_Kerala \"District Planning in Kerala\")\n* [Municipalities of Kerala](/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kerala \"Municipalities of Kerala\")\n* [NREGS (Kerala)](/wiki/NREGS_%28Kerala%29 \"NREGS (Kerala)\")\n* [Peoples Planning in Kerala](/wiki/Peoples_Planning_in_Kerala \"Peoples Planning in Kerala\")\n* [Local government in Maharashtra](/wiki/Local_government_in_Maharashtra \"Local government in Maharashtra\")\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Official website of Local Self Government Department, Government of Kerala](http://www.lsg.kerala.gov.in)\n* [An Introduction to LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENTS IN KERALA](http://www.lenobl.ru/Document/1412700121.pdf)\n\n[Category:Local government in Kerala](/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_Kerala \"Local government in Kerala\")\n[Kerala](/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_India \"Local government in India\")\n\n"
]
} |
Amexiong Yialeng | {
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
} | qupmq3liewfbfmliami0oz8llgxwwzc | 2022-07-15T07:06:06Z | 1,075,999,379 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Amexiong Yialeng** is a [Laotian](/wiki/Laos \"Laos\") [politician](/wiki/Politician \"Politician\"). He is a member of the [Lao People's Revolutionary Party](/wiki/Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party \"Lao People's Revolutionary Party\"). He is a representative of the [National Assembly of Laos](/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Laos \"National Assembly of Laos\") for [Sainyabuli Province](/wiki/Sainyabuli_Province \"Sainyabuli Province\") (Constituency 7\\).\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Members of the National Assembly of Laos](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Laos \"Members of the National Assembly of Laos\")\n[Category:Lao People's Revolutionary Party politicians](/wiki/Category:Lao_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party_politicians \"Lao People's Revolutionary Party politicians\")\n[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)](/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_%28living_people%29 \"Year of birth missing (living people)\")\n[Category:Living people](/wiki/Category:Living_people \"Living people\")\n[Category:People from Sainyabuli province](/wiki/Category:People_from_Sainyabuli_province \"People from Sainyabuli province\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
James Brown (Northern Ireland politician) | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"89.242.194.166"
]
} | p7s9mthxw5089uwjklr57sjbxsvt13h | 2019-11-23T17:34:37Z | 901,833,360 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**James Brown** (born 1897, date of death unknown) was a [Unionist](/wiki/Unionist_%28Ireland%29 \"Unionist (Ireland)\") [politician](/wiki/Politician \"Politician\") and [journalist](/wiki/Journalist \"Journalist\") in [Northern Ireland](/wiki/Northern_Ireland \"Northern Ireland\").\n\nBrown stood as an [independent](/wiki/Independent_%28politician%29 \"Independent (politician)\") Farmers and New Industries candidate in [South Down](/wiki/South_Down_%28Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency%29 \"South Down (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)\") at the [1938 Northern Ireland general election](/wiki/1938_Northern_Ireland_general_election \"1938 Northern Ireland general election\"). The seat had previously elected [Irish nationalists](/wiki/Irish_nationalists \"Irish nationalists\"), but no nationalist candidate stood in 1938, and Brown easily beat his only opponent, a [Northern Ireland Labour Party](/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Labour_Party \"Northern Ireland Labour Party\") candidate. He immediately took the [Ulster Unionist Party](/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party \"Ulster Unionist Party\") [whip](/wiki/Whip_%28politics%29 \"Whip (politics)\") in Parliament.[Biographies of Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons](http://www.election.demon.co.uk/stormont/biographies.html)\n\nAt the [1945 Northern Ireland general election](/wiki/1945_Northern_Ireland_general_election \"1945 Northern Ireland general election\"), Brown contested [Mourne](/wiki/Mourne_%28Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Mourne (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)\") as an [independent Unionist](/wiki/Independent_Unionist \"Independent Unionist\"), but was defeated by the [Nationalist Party](/wiki/Nationalist_Party_%28Northern_Ireland%29 \"Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)\") candidate [James McSparran](/wiki/James_McSparran \"James McSparran\"). He then stood for [Down](/wiki/Down_%28UK_Parliament_constituency%29 \"Down (UK Parliament constituency)\") at the [1945 Westminster general election](/wiki/1945_United_Kingdom_general_election \"1945 United Kingdom general election\"). He came last out of four candidates, but took 19\\.1% of the vote and was less than 2,000 votes behind the last elected candidate.Craig, F. W. S. (1983\\) \\[1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918\\-1949 (3rd edition ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. \n\nA [by\\-election was held in Down in 1946](/wiki/1946_Down_by-election \"1946 Down by-election\"), and Brown again stood, this time as an independent \"Democratic Unionist\". He again placed last, his share of the vote shrinking to 2\\.2%.\n\nBrown's final political contest was in [South Down](/wiki/South_Down_%28Northern_Ireland_Parliament_constituency%29 \"South Down (Northern Ireland Parliament constituency)\") at the [1958 Northern Ireland general election](/wiki/1958_Northern_Ireland_general_election \"1958 Northern Ireland general election\"). For the first time, he stood as an official Ulster Unionist Party candidate, but he was not able to regain the seat.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:1897 births](/wiki/Category:1897_births \"1897 births\")\n[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1938–1945](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland_1938%E2%80%931945 \"Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1938–1945\")\n[Category:Independent members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland](/wiki/Category:Independent_members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland \"Independent members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland\")\n[Category:Journalists from Northern Ireland](/wiki/Category:Journalists_from_Northern_Ireland \"Journalists from Northern Ireland\")\n[Category:Ulster Unionist Party members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland](/wiki/Category:Ulster_Unionist_Party_members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland \"Ulster Unionist Party members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland\")\n[Category:Year of death missing](/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_missing \"Year of death missing\")\n[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for County Down constituencies](/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_House_of_Commons_of_Northern_Ireland_for_County_Down_constituencies \"Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for County Down constituencies\")\n\n"
]
} |
Valjean Hills | {
"id": [
753665
],
"name": [
"Ser Amantio di Nicolao"
]
} | 942zi4rk2iodworrmmmt9jwb8cgigo0 | 2024-08-09T15:24:01Z | 1,031,321,057 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"See also",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **Valjean Hills** are a low mountain range in the eastern [Mojave Desert](/wiki/Mojave_Desert \"Mojave Desert\"), in northern [San Bernardino County](/wiki/San_Bernardino_County%2C_California \"San Bernardino County, California\"), southern [California](/wiki/California \"California\").\n\nThey are located east of the [Salt Spring Hills](/wiki/Salt_Spring_Hills \"Salt Spring Hills\") and southeastern [Death Valley National Park](/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park \"Death Valley National Park\"), and west of [Mount Charleston](/wiki/Mount_Charleston \"Mount Charleston\") in the [Spring Mountains](/wiki/Spring_Mountains \"Spring Mountains\").\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\nOther ranges in the local area include the:\n* [Avawatz Mountains](/wiki/Avawatz_Mountains \"Avawatz Mountains\")\n* [Saddle Peak Hills](/wiki/Saddle_Peak_Hills \"Saddle Peak Hills\")\n* [Salt Spring Hills](/wiki/Salt_Spring_Hills \"Salt Spring Hills\")\n* [Silurian Hills](/wiki/Silurian_Hills \"Silurian Hills\")\n* [Sperry Hills](/wiki/Sperry_Hills \"Sperry Hills\")\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Mountain ranges of the Mojave Desert](/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_the_Mojave_Desert \"Mountain ranges of the Mojave Desert\")\n[Category:Mountain ranges of San Bernardino County, California](/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_San_Bernardino_County%2C_California \"Mountain ranges of San Bernardino County, California\")\n[Category:Hills of California](/wiki/Category:Hills_of_California \"Hills of California\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Country Music Concert | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"2601:4C2:100:5A90:29CF:1A93:ADFC:7B79"
]
} | 8xsbv8xdn35w1orp67d0b1iwohux497 | 2023-08-20T22:57:26Z | 1,033,261,188 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Recording",
"Reception",
"Track listing",
"Personnel",
"References",
"Bibliography"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Country Music Concert** is a 1966 live album by [country](/wiki/Country_music \"Country music\") singer [Willie Nelson](/wiki/Willie_Nelson \"Willie Nelson\").\n\n",
"Recording\n---------\n\nThe album was recorded live at Panther Hall in [Fort Worth](/wiki/Fort_Worth \"Fort Worth\") over two nights in July 1966 with Nelson backed by [Johnny Bush](/wiki/Johnny_Bush \"Johnny Bush\") on drums and Wade Ray on bass, although producer [Felton Jarvis](/wiki/Felton_Jarvis \"Felton Jarvis\") had Chip Young overdub guitar parts and steel guitar fills in [RCA](/wiki/RCA \"RCA\")’s Nashville studio. Despite the low sales of his tepid RCA albums, which were given the [Nashville Sound](/wiki/Nashville_Sound \"Nashville Sound\") treatment, Nelson enjoyed a loyal fan following in his home state of Texas largely on the basis of his freewheeling live shows. Like his friend and future fellow outlaw [Waylon Jennings](/wiki/Waylon_Jennings \"Waylon Jennings\"), Nelson was covering the [Beatles](/wiki/Beatles \"Beatles\") during this period, and *Country Music Concert* contains his version of \"[Yesterday](/wiki/Yesterday_%28Beatles_song%29 \"Yesterday (Beatles song)\")\". During the introduction Nelson jokes:\n\n“I’d like to do a song now that, uh, that was recorded by, uh, a pretty fair little country group known as The Beatles (*audience laughter*), I know you’re familiar with those – you’ve heard them many times on the *Grand Ole Opry*. (*laughs*) Seriously, this is a song that, as a songwriter myself, I appreciate it very much because I think it’s a very great piece of material, and I’d like to do it for you and I hope you enjoy it.\nThe album also includes the chilling “I Just Can’t Let You Say Goodbye,” one of the most violent songs Nelson ever penned. According to biographer Joe Nick Patoski:\n\nOne in particular, “I Just Can’t Say Goodbye,” bordered on psycho\\-creepy. Willie had read about a crime of passion in the newspaper and used his imagination to take it one step further. Delivered in an up\\-tempo Latin rhythm, it was told from the perspective of a man so distraught over his breakup and so upset by the bad things his lover is saying to him that he gets pissed off and strangles her to death.\nNelson would grow increasingly irritated with RCA's policy of only allowing Nashville studio musicians to play on recording sessions. He later recalled, \"The music I played on the road, the music I’d cultivated with my band, had vitality. It was live music played for live people. I knew how to entertain a crowd for two, three, even four hours at a stretch...They lived in the now...Onstage, I was in charge. But in the studio, I wasn’t in charge and consequently the now escaped me.\n\nIn 1976, RCA reissued this album as *Willie Nelson Live*. The reissue left off \"Night Life\", but added \"I Gotta Get Drunk\", a studio recording made three years after the release of this album. The song was remixed to include audience sounds not present on the original recording. In 1998, Bear Family Records reissued \"Country Music Concert\" in its original format (as part of the \"Nashville Was The Roughest...\" box set), along with three bonus tracks not on the original release: \"I Love You Because\", a jazzy take on [Hank Williams](/wiki/Hank_Williams \"Hank Williams\")' \"There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight\", and \"I'm Still Not Over You\"\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nJim Worbois of [AllMusic](/wiki/AllMusic \"AllMusic\") states, “This is an interesting album chronicling an early show by Nelson. From time to time, the audience will shout song titles, and he actually talks between songs. While many people don't like live albums, this is actually more fun than some of his later live records.”\n\n",
"Track listing\n-------------\n\nAll tracks written by Willie Nelson, except where noted.\n\n",
"Personnel\n---------\n\n* [Willie Nelson](/wiki/Willie_Nelson \"Willie Nelson\") \\- Guitar, vocals.\n* [Johnny Bush](/wiki/Johnny_Bush \"Johnny Bush\") \\- Drums\n* [Wade Ray](/wiki/Wade_Ray \"Wade Ray\") \\- Bass guitar\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"Bibliography\n------------\n\n[Category:1966 live albums](/wiki/Category:1966_live_albums \"1966 live albums\")\n[Category:Willie Nelson live albums](/wiki/Category:Willie_Nelson_live_albums \"Willie Nelson live albums\")\n[Category:RCA Records live albums](/wiki/Category:RCA_Records_live_albums \"RCA Records live albums\")\n\n"
]
} |
Nant Llech | {
"id": [
37401930
],
"name": [
"DankJae"
]
} | ly2b5tmyjnaeff8b0y4qymgc3plj8ct | 2023-07-14T00:08:53Z | 1,082,162,723 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Waterfall",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\nThe **Nant Llech** is a minor river in [Powys](/wiki/Powys \"Powys\"), [Wales](/wiki/Wales \"Wales\") and which lies wholly within the [Brecon Beacons National Park](/wiki/Brecon_Beacons_National_Park \"Brecon Beacons National Park\"). The name means 'slab stream', presumably in reference to the sandstones across which it runs. Its headwater streams, the Nant Llech Pellaf and the Nant Llech Isaf join forces at Blaen Llech and then continue westwards as the Nant Llech for 3 km / 2 mi to a confluence with the [River Tawe](/wiki/River_Tawe \"River Tawe\") just east of the village of [Abercraf](/wiki/Abercraf \"Abercraf\").Ordnance Survey Explorer map OL12 'Brecon Beacons National Park: western area'\n\n",
"Waterfall\n---------\n\nThe most famous feature of the river is [Henrhyd Falls](/wiki/Sgwd_Henrhyd \"Sgwd Henrhyd\") (Sgwd Henrhyd or Rhaeadr Henrhyd in [Welsh](/wiki/Welsh_language \"Welsh language\")), a 27m/90 ft high fall where the river plunges over the edge of a band of hard sandstone known as the '[Farewell Rock](/wiki/Farewell_Rock \"Farewell Rock\")' into a deep plunge pool. The river continues below in a steep wooded gorge cut into mudstones and sandstones of the [Carboniferous](/wiki/Carboniferous \"Carboniferous\") age [Coal Measures](/wiki/Coal_Measures \"Coal Measures\").British Geological Survey 1:50,000 sheet 231 'Merthyr Tydfil' \\& accompanying memoir The falls are owned and managed by the [National Trust](/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty \"National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty\") which provides a free car park off the minor road between [Coelbren](/wiki/Coelbren%2C_Powys \"Coelbren, Powys\") and Pen\\-y\\-cae for visitors wanting to explore the area.\n\nA public footpath runs the length of the valley though part runs across a landslip area which has been active in recent years. The river gorge is a [site of special scientific interest](/wiki/Site_of_special_scientific_interest \"Site of special scientific interest\").[www.ccw.gov.uk](/wiki/Www.ccw.gov.uk \"Www.ccw.gov.uk\") Sir [William Edmond Logan](/wiki/William_Edmond_Logan \"William Edmond Logan\"), first director of the [Geological Survey of Canada](/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_Canada \"Geological Survey of Canada\") discovered some fossil trees near the base of the falls. These are now on display outside [Swansea Museum](/wiki/Swansea_Museum \"Swansea Museum\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Llech](/wiki/Category:Fforest_Fawr \"Fforest Fawr\")\n[Category:Rivers of the Brecon Beacons National Park](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_the_Brecon_Beacons_National_Park \"Rivers of the Brecon Beacons National Park\")\n[Category:Rivers of Powys](/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Powys \"Rivers of Powys\")\n\n"
]
} |
Skoraszewice | {
"id": [
754658
],
"name": [
"Kiwipete"
]
} | 7fx3m87z8nf26dggbftclvs79eb68n4 | 2024-05-04T19:39:55Z | 1,153,401,778 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Skoraszewice** is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in the administrative district of [Gmina Pępowo](/wiki/Gmina_P%C4%99powo \"Gmina Pępowo\"), within [Gostyń County](/wiki/Gosty%C5%84_County \"Gostyń County\"), [Greater Poland Voivodeship](/wiki/Greater_Poland_Voivodeship \"Greater Poland Voivodeship\"), in west\\-central Poland. It lies approximately south\\-west of [Pępowo](/wiki/P%C4%99powo%2C_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship \"Pępowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship\"), south of [Gostyń](/wiki/Gosty%C5%84 \"Gostyń\"), and south of the regional capital [Poznań](/wiki/Pozna%C5%84 \"Poznań\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Gostyń County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Gosty%C5%84_County \"Villages in Gostyń County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Kuźnica Myślniewska | {
"id": [
9784415
],
"name": [
"Tom.Reding"
]
} | gqrd344qt3hf25onfns4mqjnr8zg1ta | 2024-08-18T19:38:20Z | 1,218,364,763 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n**Kuźnica Myślniewska** () is a [village](/wiki/Village \"Village\") in the administrative district of [Gmina Kobyla Góra](/wiki/Gmina_Kobyla_G%C3%B3ra \"Gmina Kobyla Góra\"), within [Ostrzeszów County](/wiki/Ostrzesz%C3%B3w_County \"Ostrzeszów County\"), [Greater Poland Voivodeship](/wiki/Greater_Poland_Voivodeship \"Greater Poland Voivodeship\"), in west\\-central Poland. It lies approximately north\\-west of [Kobyla Góra](/wiki/Kobyla_G%C3%B3ra%2C_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship \"Kobyla Góra, Greater Poland Voivodeship\"), west of [Ostrzeszów](/wiki/Ostrzesz%C3%B3w \"Ostrzeszów\"), and south\\-east of the regional capital [Poznań](/wiki/Pozna%C5%84 \"Poznań\").\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Villages in Ostrzeszów County](/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Ostrzesz%C3%B3w_County \"Villages in Ostrzeszów County\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
St. Anthony's Roman Catholic Church (Wilmington, Delaware) | {
"id": [
48427537
],
"name": [
"FifthFive"
]
} | nsvxasapsggk26059r8k7l7ryg5j9rr | 2024-10-01T01:23:50Z | 1,248,708,466 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Gallery",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**St. Anthony of Padua Roman Catholic Church** is a [Catholic](/wiki/Catholic_Church \"Catholic Church\") parish in [Wilmington, Delaware](/wiki/Wilmington%2C_Delaware \"Wilmington, Delaware\"). Named in honor of [Anthony of Padua](/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua \"Anthony of Padua\"), it falls within the jurisdiction of the [Diocese of Wilmington](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Wilmington \"Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington\") and is operated by the [Oblates of St. Francis de Sales](/wiki/Oblates_of_St._Francis_de_Sales \"Oblates of St. Francis de Sales\"). It is situated in Wilmington's [Little Italy](/wiki/Little_Italy%2C_Wilmington \"Little Italy, Wilmington\") neighborhood, where the [parish](/wiki/Parish \"Parish\") includes St. Anthony's School (adjacent to the church) and [Padua Academy](/wiki/Padua_Academy \"Padua Academy\").\n\nEvery June, the church runs an Italian Festival, a week\\-long event which celebrates the Feast of Saint Anthony. This festival features four outdoor cafes, each with their own live entertainment, and unique food selections. The Festival is the second\\-largest of its kind in the United States. Admission fees were established for the first time in 2008\\.\n\nThe [Romanesque revival](/wiki/Romanesque_revival \"Romanesque revival\") architectural style owes its inspiration to the [Basilica di San Zeno](/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Zeno \"Basilica di San Zeno\") in [Verona](/wiki/Verona \"Verona\"), Italy. and Italian immigrants who settled in the area took seven years to construct the building. Construction was led by Ernesto DiSabatino who later founded [EDiS Company](/wiki/EDiS_Company \"EDiS Company\") and received the Papal Cross of Honor [Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice](/wiki/Pro_Ecclesia_et_Pontifice \"Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice\") for his efforts for the construction of the church.\n\nThe church was listed on the [National Register of Historic Places](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places \"National Register of Historic Places\") in 1984\\.\n\n",
"Gallery\n-------\n\nFile:St Anthony of Padua church 6\\.jpg\\|The altar and pulpit of the Church\nFile:Beau biden funeral wilminton.jpeg\\|The funeral of \\[\\[Beau Biden]] in May 2015 at the church\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilmington, Delaware](/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wilmington%2C_Delaware \"National Register of Historic Places listings in Wilmington, Delaware\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [St. Anthony's Church](https://sapde.org/)\n* [NRHP Site Listing with Photos](http://image1.nps.gov:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?cat=NRHP&item=/Photos/84000851.djvu&style=nps/FOCUS-DJview.xsl&wid=640&hei=480&oif=jpeg&props=item(SUMMARY,COPYRIGHT))\n* [St. Anthony's Italian Festival web site](http://www.stanthonysfestival.com)\n\n[Category:Roman Catholic churches in Wilmington, Delaware](/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Wilmington%2C_Delaware \"Roman Catholic churches in Wilmington, Delaware\")\n[Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware](/wiki/Category:Churches_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Delaware \"Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware\")\n[Category:Italian\\-American history](/wiki/Category:Italian-American_history \"Italian-American history\")\n[Category:Italian\\-American culture in Delaware](/wiki/Category:Italian-American_culture_in_Delaware \"Italian-American culture in Delaware\")\n[Category:Romanesque Revival church buildings in Delaware](/wiki/Category:Romanesque_Revival_church_buildings_in_Delaware \"Romanesque Revival church buildings in Delaware\")\n[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Wilmington, Delaware](/wiki/Category:National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Wilmington%2C_Delaware \"National Register of Historic Places in Wilmington, Delaware\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Maesteg Celtic RFC | {
"id": [
2842084
],
"name": [
"Jevansen"
]
} | 27uar5sxqtv58idezdrje5667rlej7b | 2024-10-14T10:25:20Z | 1,222,166,514 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Club honours",
"Notable former players",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Maesteg Celtic Rugby Football Club** is a [rugby union](/wiki/Rugby_union \"Rugby union\") team from the town of [Maesteg](/wiki/Maesteg \"Maesteg\"), South [Wales](/wiki/Wales \"Wales\"). Maesteg Celtic RFC presently play in the [Welsh Rugby Union](/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union \"Welsh Rugby Union\") Division Three South West League having gained promotion during the 2007/08 season. The club is a member of the [Welsh Rugby Union](/wiki/Welsh_Rugby_Union \"Welsh Rugby Union\") and is a [feeder club](/wiki/Feeder_club \"Feeder club\") for the [Ospreys](/wiki/Ospreys_%28rugby_union%29 \"Ospreys (rugby union)\"). The club fields First, Second, Youth, Junior and Mini teams.\n\n",
"Club honours\n------------\n\n* [WRU Division Four South West](/wiki/WRU_Division_Four_South_West \"WRU Division Four South West\") 2011/12 \\- Champions\n",
"Notable former players\n----------------------\n\n* [Allan Bateman](/wiki/Allan_Bateman \"Allan Bateman\")\n* [Windsor Major](/wiki/Windsor_Major \"Windsor Major\")\n* [Howard Nicholls](/wiki/Howard_Nicholls \"Howard Nicholls\")\n* [Ffion Bowen](/wiki/Ffion_Bowen \"Ffion Bowen\")\n* [Harri Morgan](/wiki/Harri_Morgan_%28rugby_union%29 \"Harri Morgan (rugby union)\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Rugby union teams in Wales](/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_teams_in_Wales \"Rugby union teams in Wales\")\n[Category:Maesteg](/wiki/Category:Maesteg \"Maesteg\")\n[Category:Sport in Bridgend County Borough](/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Bridgend_County_Borough \"Sport in Bridgend County Borough\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Coleochaetaceae | {
"id": [
40795536
],
"name": [
"Goatrail"
]
} | 06gcyemsc9ssyw670ixwbkhg7qzhp1h | 2024-10-05T23:45:29Z | 1,249,629,915 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References"
],
"level": [
1,
2
],
"content": [
"\n* + - * + \n\n**Coleochaetaceae** is a [family](/wiki/Family_%28biology%29 \"Family (biology)\") of [algae](/wiki/Algae \"Algae\"). It is the only family in the **Coleochaetales**, an order of [parenchymous](/wiki/Parenchyma \"Parenchyma\") [charophyte](/wiki/Charophyta \"Charophyta\") algae, within the class [Coleochaetophyceae](/wiki/Coleochaetophyceae \"Coleochaetophyceae\"). It includes some of the closest [multicellular](/wiki/Multicellular \"Multicellular\") relatives of [land plants](/wiki/Land_plants \"Land plants\"). \nIt contains the genus [Coleochaete](/wiki/Coleochaete \"Coleochaete\") and questionably includes the fossil genus *[Parka](/wiki/Parka_%28plant%29 \"Parka (plant)\")*.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n[Category:Charophyta](/wiki/Category:Charophyta \"Charophyta\")\n[Category:Green algae orders](/wiki/Category:Green_algae_orders \"Green algae orders\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Bande Utkala Janani (film) | {
"id": [
4156945
],
"name": [
"Ravensfire"
]
} | ay3mc0oalqt0ji01atommd9zo8gw581 | 2024-10-10T17:13:26Z | 1,250,431,419 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Story",
"Cast",
"Music",
"Reception",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Bande Utkala Janani*** (Salute to Mother Utkala) is a 2008 Indian [Odia](/wiki/Odia_language \"Odia language\")\\-language film directed by Suvendu Swain. The film deals with themes of patriotism and honesty towards profession.\n\nThat this is the first [Odia film](/wiki/Odia_film \"Odia film\") released through [satellite](/wiki/Satellite \"Satellite\") using Digital UFO system.\n\n",
"Story\n-----\n\nIn this story a lady journalist holds the key to the story and due to her courage, risk taking and confidence the secret is revealed and the story moves. The police station is the family which is the center of all activities. Three police officers and the lady journalist are working together with a common goal to eradicate political corruption and hooliganism in the society.\n\n",
"Cast\n----\n\n* [Siddhanta Mahapatra](/wiki/Siddhanta_Mahapatra \"Siddhanta Mahapatra\")\n* [Ashish Rawde](/wiki/Ashish_Rawde \"Ashish Rawde\")\n* [Sabyasachi Mishra](/wiki/Sabyasachi_Mishra \"Sabyasachi Mishra\")\n* [Arpita Mukherjee](/wiki/Arpita_Mukherjee \"Arpita Mukherjee\")\n* [Minaketan Das](/wiki/Minaketan_Das \"Minaketan Das\")\n* [Hara Rath](/wiki/Hara_Rath \"Hara Rath\")\n* [Smitha Mohanty](/wiki/Smitha_Mohanty \"Smitha Mohanty\")\n* [Ashru Mochan Mohanty](/wiki/Ashru_Mochan_Mohanty \"Ashru Mochan Mohanty\")\n* [Raicharan Das](/wiki/Raicharan_Das \"Raicharan Das\")\n* [Matru Prasad](/wiki/Matru_Prasad \"Matru Prasad\")\n\n",
"Music\n-----\n\nIn this movie the songs are composed by [Sarat Nayak](/wiki/Sarat_Nayak \"Sarat Nayak\"). The lyrics are by Bapu Goswami, Panchanana Nayak, and Bijaya Malla. Music arrangement by Nityashri Ranjan. To make it appealing to youth all songs have been done by keyboard sequencing. Abhijit Majumdar is the first composer after Late Sri Akshaya Mohanty to sing a song in a film for another music composer.\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\nThe irony of the situation is that the film's title itself suggests that it is a patriotic movie and it portrays three honest police officers fighting corruption. Some of the noted actors have been cast in the film and the producer and the director have left no stone unturned to show skin, much to the disgust of Oriyas. Bande Utkal Janani, was supposed to be a social, action\\-oriented drama. But it is a terrible movie. Even the songs are not good. The only exception in the film is Minaketan (the main villain). His portrayal of a corrupt politician who uses rustic language certainly deserves accolade.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n[Category:2008 films](/wiki/Category:2008_films \"2008 films\")\n[Category:2000s Odia\\-language films](/wiki/Category:2000s_Odia-language_films \"2000s Odia-language films\")\n[Category:2000s Indian films](/wiki/Category:2000s_Indian_films \"2000s Indian films\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
Scribblenauts (video game) | {
"id": [
null
],
"name": [
"141.136.249.119"
]
} | sn4xcwfot0fbqenaotzwx7i5mp48q9a | 2024-10-20T16:25:54Z | 1,231,361,788 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Gameplay",
"Development",
"Engine",
"Promotion",
"Reception",
"Pre-release",
"Release",
"Lawsuit",
"Sequels",
"''Super Scribblenauts''",
"''Scribblenauts Remix''",
"''Scribblenauts Unlimited''",
"''Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure''",
"''Scribblenauts: Fighting Words''",
"''Scribblenauts Showdown''",
"Notes",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n***Scribblenauts*** is an [emergent](/wiki/Emergent_gameplay \"Emergent gameplay\") [puzzle](/wiki/Puzzle_video_game \"Puzzle video game\") [action](/wiki/Action_game \"Action game\") [video game](/wiki/Video_game \"Video game\") developed by [5th Cell](/wiki/5th_Cell \"5th Cell\") and published by [Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Interactive_Entertainment \"Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment\") for the [Nintendo DS](/wiki/Nintendo_DS \"Nintendo DS\"). The game was released in 2009 in all regions except Japan, and in 2011 in Japan as by [Konami](/wiki/Konami \"Konami\"). It is the third Nintendo DS video game made by 5th Cell, the first two being *[Drawn to Life](/wiki/Drawn_to_Life \"Drawn to Life\")* and *[Lock's Quest](/wiki/Lock%27s_Quest \"Lock's Quest\")*. The objective of *Scribblenauts*, as implied by its catchphrase \"Write Anything, Solve Everything\", is to complete puzzles to collect \"Starites\", helped by the player's ability to summon any object (from a database of tens of thousands) by writing its name on the [touchscreen](/wiki/Touchscreen \"Touchscreen\"). The game is considered by its developers to help promote emergent gameplay by challenging the player to solve its puzzles within certain limitations or through multiple solutions.\n\n[Jeremiah Slaczka](/wiki/Jeremiah_Slaczka \"Jeremiah Slaczka\"), creator and director of *Scribblenauts*, envisioned the game as a combination of solving life situation puzzles alongside *[Mad Libs](/wiki/Mad_Libs \"Mad Libs\")*. His vision was brought to realization through the \"Objectnaut\" engine created by 5th Cell's technical director, Marius Fahlbusch. Objectnaut allowed for a [data driven](/wiki/Data-driven_design \"Data-driven design\") approach, and a significant portion of the development time was spent researching nouns and their properties, and categorizing them into the Objectnaut database. This, along with the simple art designs of 5th Cell's Edison Yan, allowed for the team to easily add new words to the database without expending much effort to program new behavior.\n\n*Scribblenauts* was first shown in a playable form at the 2009 [Electronic Entertainment Expo](/wiki/Electronic_Entertainment_Expo \"Electronic Entertainment Expo\"), and became a [sleeper hit](/wiki/Sleeper_hit \"Sleeper hit\"), winning several \"Best of Show\" awards, being the first portable console title to win such praise. Reviewers believed that 5th Cell delivered on their promise to allow nearly any possible object to be created for use in *Scribblenauts*, but also lamented that the choice of controls in the game hampered their full enjoyment of the title. The success of the title has led to a number of sequels including *[Super Scribblenauts](/wiki/Super_Scribblenauts \"Super Scribblenauts\")*, *[Scribblenauts Remix](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Remix \"Scribblenauts Remix\")*, and *[Scribblenauts Unlimited](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Unlimited \"Scribblenauts Unlimited\")*. The series has sold over 13 million copies.\n\n",
"Gameplay\n--------\n\n[left\\|thumb\\|200px\\|alt\\=A screenshot of Scribblenauts in the level \"The Peak\"\\|Screenshot of *Scribblenauts*. The top screen displays an image of the level and various indicators. The bottom screen shows Maxwell, using a helicopter and rope to rescue an injured woman during one of the puzzle levels.](/wiki/File:Scribblenauts_screenshot.png \"Scribblenauts screenshot.png\")\n*Scribblenauts* is an exclusively [side\\-scrolling](/wiki/Side-scrolling_video_game \"Side-scrolling video game\") game controlled almost entirely with the Nintendo DS stylus, with the [D\\-pad](/wiki/D-pad \"D-pad\") and face buttons controlling the camera and the left and right shoulder buttons rotating objects. The player controls a character named Maxwell, who must collect objects called \"Starites\" to complete each level. Maxwell is guided by tapping the touchscreen, or if the player taps an object, Maxwell will pick it up or be given other options for interacting with that object, such as riding a horse or bicycle or shooting at an object if he holds a weapon. A fundamental element of *Scribblenauts* is the ability of the player to summon myriad objects into the game. This is achieved by writing the name of an object on the touchscreen. For example, the player can write \"ladder\", summoning a ladder, which the player may use to climb to an out\\-of\\-reach Starite. The player may turn the ladder on its side and set it on fire. The player may also chain objects together, such as chaining a piece of meat to a pole and holding it while riding on a [raptor](/wiki/Velociraptor \"Velociraptor\").\n\nSummoned objects range among animals, weapons, forces of nature, famous people (both fictional and real), vehicles, household objects, [easter eggs](/wiki/Easter_egg_%28media%29 \"Easter egg (media)\") of the development team, and even [internet memes](/wiki/Internet_meme \"Internet meme\"). However, the game does not include [trademarked](/wiki/Trademark \"Trademark\") terms, nor potential profanity (summoning \"ass\" will spawn a [donkey](/wiki/Donkey \"Donkey\"); summoning \"cock\" will spawn a [rooster](/wiki/Rooster \"Rooster\")). The game includes a [homonym](/wiki/Homonym \"Homonym\") system to offer the player possible choices between similar\\-sounding objects, such as distinguishing between a [toy balloon](/wiki/Toy_balloon \"Toy balloon\") and a [hot\\-air balloon](/wiki/Hot-air_balloon \"Hot-air balloon\"); there is also a spellchecker to provide close matches for misspelled words. The North American release includes support for other languages including Brazilian Portuguese, French, and Spanish, with French\\-Canadian and Latin American variants available for words in the French and Spanish language sets, respectively. The UK version also accounts for [difference between American and British English](/wiki/American_and_British_English_differences \"American and British English differences\"), such as the differing meanings of the word \"football\". 5th Cell has stated that the limit to what objects may be summoned is up to the player's imagination. Players, using special software, claimed to have discovered that the full list of words tallies at 22,802 unique entries. In response, Slaczka said: \"That was leaked by a hacker who does not know anything. It's more than that\".\n\nThe game is segmented into 220 levels over 10 themed areas with 22 levels per world, and each given a 4 star ranking based on its difficulty, with later areas featuring more high ranked levels. Puzzles are given a par for the number of objects they can summon, typically being between two and four, though the player is free to summon more, so long as there is space in the meter at the top screen (summoning the same number of objects as the par or less earns more points). There are two types of levels—puzzle and action levels. Puzzle levels are real\\-life situations (such as having to open a piñata) where the Starite is awarded once the puzzle is solved, while action levels will appeal to gamers that prefer side\\-scrolling platformers, featuring switches, spike traps, and other similar elements. Players are awarded \"merits\" for completing levels while meeting certain requirements, such as not summoning any weapon\\-like object. Once the player completes a level, a silver star appears on the level selection button and a \"Free play\" mode is unlocked. At that point, the player is given the option to play through the level three consecutive times without reusing objects. Successfully completing the challenge grants the player a gold star for that level. *Scribblenauts* presents a simplistic storyline, as the developers wished to focus on engaging gameplay. The game always rewards the player with \"Ollars\", its in\\-game money, to allow them to purchase new areas, different avatars and other visual changes to the game.\n\nThe game includes a level editor, allowing users to share these levels over the Nintendo Wi\\-Fi system. The player can start with any level that they have already beaten from the main game, and add new objects with new game properties. These new properties can vary significantly from the normal behavior, such as having a bear able to eat a plane.\n\n",
"Development\n-----------\n\n[right\\|thumb\\|[Jeremiah Slaczka](/wiki/Jeremiah_Slaczka \"Jeremiah Slaczka\"), creative director for 5th Cell, upon receiving the [Game Developers Choice Award](/wiki/Game_Developers_Choice_Awards \"Game Developers Choice Awards\") for Best Handheld Game for *Scribblenauts* during the 2010 [Game Developers Conference](/wiki/Game_Developers_Conference \"Game Developers Conference\").](/wiki/File:Gdc2010_jeremiah_slaczka.jpg \"Gdc2010 jeremiah slaczka.jpg\")\n*Scribblenauts* was first conceived in the second quarter of 2007, near the same time that they had envisioned *[Lock's Quest](/wiki/Lock%27s_Quest \"Lock's Quest\")*. [Creative Director](/wiki/Creative_Director \"Creative Director\") for 5th Cell, Jeremiah Slaczka, stated that they were seeking counterparts of *[Nintendogs](/wiki/Nintendogs \"Nintendogs\")* and *[Brain Age](/wiki/Brain_Age:Train_Your_Brain_in_Minutes_a_Day%21 \"Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day!\")*, games that had attracted a much wider demographic than most other niche games, that 5th Cell could develop. The concept of *Scribblenauts* came from a combination of a previous idea he had for the DS that was similar to *[Mad Libs](/wiki/Mad_Libs \"Mad Libs\")* and a dream of his. An example given for the Mad Libs was that players could write a Mad Lib of a \"dog walking through a forest\", and a dog would appear in a forest and walk through it, but he realized the game would be tedious and that players would only be interested in using keywords. The dream was of being inside an [Aztec](/wiki/Aztec \"Aztec\") [temple](/wiki/Temple \"Temple\") and having to solve puzzles; one in particular involved three paintings, with the objective being straightening them and then moving on to the next room through a portal. While he thought it was a good idea for a game, he also felt that it lacked both a hook and replayability. He debated whether this would work best on the [Wii](/wiki/Wii \"Wii\") or the [DS](/wiki/Nintendo_DS \"Nintendo DS\"), but later decided to combine the writing element with a puzzle element to fix the lack of replayability. Slaczka realized that the concept of the game might be considered impossible by other programmers, but found that 5th Cell's [Technical Director](/wiki/Technical_Director \"Technical Director\") Marius Fahlbusch felt confident they could create the required elements. The developers considered that the nature of the flexible and sometimes unforeseen solutions made the game strongly promote [emergent gameplay](/wiki/Emergent_gameplay \"Emergent gameplay\").\n\nDuring development, Slaczka and the team tried to figure out what they could do with the DS hardware, trying to make *Scribblenauts* appeal to everyone. As *Lock's Quest* was thought of first, they focused on releasing that game first while beginning the development of *Scribblenauts*. The game entered [beta](/wiki/Beta_%28software_development%29 \"Beta (software development)\") around May 2009, and had numerous play\\-testers exploring the game. About half of 5th Cell's staff worked on the game. It was developed alongside the DS version of *[Drawn to Life: The Next Chapter](/wiki/Drawn_to_Life:The_Next_Chapter \"The Next Chapter\")*.\n\n*Scribblenauts* was originally developed without having a publisher for the game. Slaczka noted that unlike other games where the developers could complete and polish a single level to garner interest while work on the rest of the game continued, *Scribblenauts* needed to show support for its large dictionary from the start, making it difficult to promote the game. The company was in negotiations with a publisher in the early part of 2009, letting that publisher decide when it would be best to announce the game. [Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment](/wiki/Warner_Bros._Interactive_Entertainment \"Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment\") officially became the publisher for *Scribblenauts* that May. Slaczka noted that of the other publishers they talked to, they felt Warner Bros. was the best one, particularly due to their proximity to 5th Cell and their interest in the title.\n\n*Scribblenauts* was originally titled \"Wordplay\", but the team felt that this was \"generic\". The title *Scribblenauts* began as a temporary name that would be effective for pitching the game, but as development proceeded, the team couldn't think of a better one, so the name stuck and became the final title of the product.\n\n[Konami](/wiki/Konami \"Konami\") published the game in Japan on January 27, 2011; this localized version features Konami characters such as [Old Snake](/wiki/Solid_Snake \"Solid Snake\"), [Manaka Takane](/wiki/LovePlus \"LovePlus\") and the [Vic Viper](/wiki/Gradius \"Gradius\").\n\n### Engine\n\nThe core engine of *Scribblenauts* is a [data\\-driven](/wiki/Data-driven_design \"Data-driven design\") engine called \"Objectnaut\" created by Fahlbusch. Within Objectnaut, each object is given a set of properties, including physical characteristics, [artificial intelligence](/wiki/Artificial_intelligence \"Artificial intelligence\") behavior, and how the player (through Maxwell) can interact with it. Five people from the team spent six months researching dictionaries and encyclopedias to create a large database of objects within the Objectnaut's framework, and then mapped out a hierarchy of data from this information. For example, every [mammal](/wiki/Mammal \"Mammal\")\\-based object in the game is given the property of having \"organic flesh\", allowing it to be eaten or turned into meat, without having to specify these functions for each type of mammal they used. The Objectnaut approach allowed the team to create two distinct objects for words that may have similar meanings simply by adjusting each word's properties in the database: \"[lion](/wiki/Lion \"Lion\")\", \"[tiger](/wiki/Tiger \"Tiger\")\" and \"[leopard](/wiki/Leopard \"Leopard\")\" while similar will behave differently and have different art assets, while the only difference in the game between \"[croissant](/wiki/Croissant \"Croissant\")\" and \"[danish](/wiki/Danish_pastry \"Danish pastry\")\" is that the danish may be able to roll like a wheel. The team made sure to balance the abilities of the various objects that could be summoned to avoid creating an \"[uber](/wiki/%C3%9Cber \"Über\") character\" that would act as a [skeleton key](/wiki/Skeleton_key \"Skeleton key\") for solving all of the levels, and give players more courage to try different elements. Slaczka noted that he would be frequently asked if certain difficult words were in the game when interviewed by the press, most of the time being able to respond affirmatively to these questions. In an example given by Slaczka, a \"hardcore\" journalist wanted twenty minutes with the game to try to stump it during the [2009 E3 convention](/wiki/E3_2009 \"E3 2009\"), but, according to Slaczka, \"he had a real hard time stumping it and shook my hand\" after that period.\n\nDesigning each item required the developers to go word\\-by\\-word. Slaczka said that certain kinds of words, such as cheeses, require little to no differences, besides items such as [Limburger](/wiki/Limburger \"Limburger\") which would scare people away from it. The developers used discretion when deciding what to make look different, providing a cyborg, robot, and android, which he felt were different enough to require their own individual designs. He later stated that there was no way to test out each item and each way they interact with another item, as it was virtually impossible for them to accomplish this, using an example of an airplane being frozen, brought back in time, placing an old man on top of it, bringing it back to present time, and setting it on fire. Slaczka said that while many games create a first level with enemies and platforms, polishing the level and moving on, the players can write any item available in level one that they can write in a later level. He commented that if players wrote \"anvil\" and it was missing its \"heavy\" property, they may be turned off of the game. They spent roughly 80% of the development fine\\-tuning the various items, and as such, they could not provide a preview to demonstrate the game.\n\nEach of the words programmed into the game has associated art with it led by 5th Cell artist Edison Yan. The task of creating the art was simplified through the \"minimal\" design style of 5th Cell's previous games. Each object is rendered as in [3D](/wiki/3D_computer_graphics \"3D computer graphics\") with objects acting as doll on a [2D](/wiki/2D_computer_graphics \"2D computer graphics\") [plane](/wiki/Plane_%28geometry%29 \"Plane (geometry)\"). This was chosen to avoid having to create a large number of animations for 2D. The development team had to design each AI\\-controlled object by hand, according to Slaczka, describing how the objects moves, and what it likes and dislikes, how much health it has, and other possible characteristics. Level design focused on providing a large variety of situations, including splitting levels between Puzzle and Action types, to avoid having the player develop a limited toolbox of common words and not exploring other possible solutions. Much of the initial level development was done on paper and to explore situations not commonly found in video games, due to their vocabulary system. They ended up selecting more than a hundred levels out of over seven hundred they had generated internally for the game. Both Merits and Ollars were added to reward the player for completion, with Slaczka comparing these to [Xbox Live Achievements](/wiki/Gamerscore \"Gamerscore\").\n\nThe game primarily uses the touchscreen to control Maxwell and other objects; the developers considered using the directional pad of the DS but realized that they would still need to rely on the touchscreen for certain actions and thus focused most of the game's controls through that interface. The game includes 5th Cell's own [handwriting recognition system](/wiki/Handwriting_recognition \"Handwriting recognition\") for writing down objects which Slaczka considered to be better than [Nintendo](/wiki/Nintendo \"Nintendo\")'s own system for *Brain Age*. The team included a virtual keyboard in addition to this system knowing that even \"the human brain can't understand chicken scratch\".\n\n### Promotion\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|alt\\=Customers wearing rooster hats while waiting in line for the start of *Scribblenauts* launch event.\\|Customers with their \"rooster hats\" pre\\-order bonus for waiting in line for the start of *Scribblenauts* launch event on September 13, 2009, at the Nintendo World Store in New York City.](/wiki/File:Scribblenauts-launch-event.jpg \"Scribblenauts-launch-event.jpg\")\nPlayers who pre\\-ordered the game at [GameStop](/wiki/GameStop \"GameStop\") and [EB Games](/wiki/EB_Games \"EB Games\") in the United States, Canada, and Australia received a replica of Maxwell's \"rooster hat\", a term coined by [Destructoid](/wiki/Destructoid \"Destructoid\") according to Slaczka. The game was launched by a special event at the [Nintendo World Store](/wiki/Nintendo_World_Store \"Nintendo World Store\") in [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\") on September 13, 2009, with Slaczka and other 5th Cell developers on hand for the event.\n\n",
"### Engine\n\nThe core engine of *Scribblenauts* is a [data\\-driven](/wiki/Data-driven_design \"Data-driven design\") engine called \"Objectnaut\" created by Fahlbusch. Within Objectnaut, each object is given a set of properties, including physical characteristics, [artificial intelligence](/wiki/Artificial_intelligence \"Artificial intelligence\") behavior, and how the player (through Maxwell) can interact with it. Five people from the team spent six months researching dictionaries and encyclopedias to create a large database of objects within the Objectnaut's framework, and then mapped out a hierarchy of data from this information. For example, every [mammal](/wiki/Mammal \"Mammal\")\\-based object in the game is given the property of having \"organic flesh\", allowing it to be eaten or turned into meat, without having to specify these functions for each type of mammal they used. The Objectnaut approach allowed the team to create two distinct objects for words that may have similar meanings simply by adjusting each word's properties in the database: \"[lion](/wiki/Lion \"Lion\")\", \"[tiger](/wiki/Tiger \"Tiger\")\" and \"[leopard](/wiki/Leopard \"Leopard\")\" while similar will behave differently and have different art assets, while the only difference in the game between \"[croissant](/wiki/Croissant \"Croissant\")\" and \"[danish](/wiki/Danish_pastry \"Danish pastry\")\" is that the danish may be able to roll like a wheel. The team made sure to balance the abilities of the various objects that could be summoned to avoid creating an \"[uber](/wiki/%C3%9Cber \"Über\") character\" that would act as a [skeleton key](/wiki/Skeleton_key \"Skeleton key\") for solving all of the levels, and give players more courage to try different elements. Slaczka noted that he would be frequently asked if certain difficult words were in the game when interviewed by the press, most of the time being able to respond affirmatively to these questions. In an example given by Slaczka, a \"hardcore\" journalist wanted twenty minutes with the game to try to stump it during the [2009 E3 convention](/wiki/E3_2009 \"E3 2009\"), but, according to Slaczka, \"he had a real hard time stumping it and shook my hand\" after that period.\n\nDesigning each item required the developers to go word\\-by\\-word. Slaczka said that certain kinds of words, such as cheeses, require little to no differences, besides items such as [Limburger](/wiki/Limburger \"Limburger\") which would scare people away from it. The developers used discretion when deciding what to make look different, providing a cyborg, robot, and android, which he felt were different enough to require their own individual designs. He later stated that there was no way to test out each item and each way they interact with another item, as it was virtually impossible for them to accomplish this, using an example of an airplane being frozen, brought back in time, placing an old man on top of it, bringing it back to present time, and setting it on fire. Slaczka said that while many games create a first level with enemies and platforms, polishing the level and moving on, the players can write any item available in level one that they can write in a later level. He commented that if players wrote \"anvil\" and it was missing its \"heavy\" property, they may be turned off of the game. They spent roughly 80% of the development fine\\-tuning the various items, and as such, they could not provide a preview to demonstrate the game.\n\nEach of the words programmed into the game has associated art with it led by 5th Cell artist Edison Yan. The task of creating the art was simplified through the \"minimal\" design style of 5th Cell's previous games. Each object is rendered as in [3D](/wiki/3D_computer_graphics \"3D computer graphics\") with objects acting as doll on a [2D](/wiki/2D_computer_graphics \"2D computer graphics\") [plane](/wiki/Plane_%28geometry%29 \"Plane (geometry)\"). This was chosen to avoid having to create a large number of animations for 2D. The development team had to design each AI\\-controlled object by hand, according to Slaczka, describing how the objects moves, and what it likes and dislikes, how much health it has, and other possible characteristics. Level design focused on providing a large variety of situations, including splitting levels between Puzzle and Action types, to avoid having the player develop a limited toolbox of common words and not exploring other possible solutions. Much of the initial level development was done on paper and to explore situations not commonly found in video games, due to their vocabulary system. They ended up selecting more than a hundred levels out of over seven hundred they had generated internally for the game. Both Merits and Ollars were added to reward the player for completion, with Slaczka comparing these to [Xbox Live Achievements](/wiki/Gamerscore \"Gamerscore\").\n\nThe game primarily uses the touchscreen to control Maxwell and other objects; the developers considered using the directional pad of the DS but realized that they would still need to rely on the touchscreen for certain actions and thus focused most of the game's controls through that interface. The game includes 5th Cell's own [handwriting recognition system](/wiki/Handwriting_recognition \"Handwriting recognition\") for writing down objects which Slaczka considered to be better than [Nintendo](/wiki/Nintendo \"Nintendo\")'s own system for *Brain Age*. The team included a virtual keyboard in addition to this system knowing that even \"the human brain can't understand chicken scratch\".\n\n",
"### Promotion\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|alt\\=Customers wearing rooster hats while waiting in line for the start of *Scribblenauts* launch event.\\|Customers with their \"rooster hats\" pre\\-order bonus for waiting in line for the start of *Scribblenauts* launch event on September 13, 2009, at the Nintendo World Store in New York City.](/wiki/File:Scribblenauts-launch-event.jpg \"Scribblenauts-launch-event.jpg\")\nPlayers who pre\\-ordered the game at [GameStop](/wiki/GameStop \"GameStop\") and [EB Games](/wiki/EB_Games \"EB Games\") in the United States, Canada, and Australia received a replica of Maxwell's \"rooster hat\", a term coined by [Destructoid](/wiki/Destructoid \"Destructoid\") according to Slaczka. The game was launched by a special event at the [Nintendo World Store](/wiki/Nintendo_World_Store \"Nintendo World Store\") in [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\") on September 13, 2009, with Slaczka and other 5th Cell developers on hand for the event.\n\n",
"Reception\n---------\n\n### Pre\\-release\n\nThe game was well received at the [2009 E3 Convention](/wiki/E3_2009 \"E3 2009\") and was considered the \"sleeper hit\" of the show. *Scribblenauts* is the first portable video game in history to win \"Best of Show\" awards for E3 from any major gaming media outlet. The game was named \"Best Original Game\" and \"Best Handheld Game\" by the [Game Critics Awards](/wiki/Game_Critics_Awards \"Game Critics Awards\"). *Scribblenauts* was named the overall \"Best of Show\" by [GameSpot](/wiki/GameSpot \"GameSpot\"), [GameSpy](/wiki/GameSpy \"GameSpy\"), and [IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\"), in addition to other awards. [1UP.com](/wiki/1UP.com \"1UP.com\") named *Scribblenauts* their E3's \"Most Innovative\" title. [X\\-Play](/wiki/X-Play \"X-Play\") gave the game its E3 \"Best Original Game\" and \"Best Handheld Game\" awards. [Ars Technica](/wiki/Ars_Technica \"Ars Technica\") considered the game as the show's \"Most Pleasant Surprise\". [Joystiq](/wiki/Joystiq \"Joystiq\") performed a ten\\-word test of the game, and found only one word, \"plumbob\", was not yet present in the game, but were promised it would be in the final version. Part of the success at E3 was considered partially due to the inclusion of then\\-recent [Keyboard Cat](/wiki/Keyboard_Cat \"Keyboard Cat\") Internet meme, which led to a [grassroots](/wiki/Grassroots \"Grassroots\")\\-type excitement about the game at the convention. [Adam Sessler](/wiki/Adam_Sessler \"Adam Sessler\") of [G4 TV](/wiki/G4_%28U.S._TV_channel%29 \"G4 (U.S. TV channel)\") believed that *Scribblenauts* E3 success was from being a small but successful game from a small company in contrast to numerous other premier titles from other major developers and publishers that have become standard for the convention, such that the uniqueness of everything about the game made it the standout title of the show. *Scribblenauts* was given a much more predominate display in Warner Bros. Interactive's booth at the next major convention, the 2009 [Comic\\-Con International](/wiki/Comic-Con_International \"Comic-Con International\"). IGN listed *Scribblenauts* in a preview of Nintendo DS games in 2009, labeling it as one of their top picks for the year. They described it as \"quite possibly one of the system's most ambitious designs yet\".\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|alt\\=\"Post 217\" as drawn by 5th Cell artist, Edison Yan\\|\"Post 217\" as drawn by 5th Cell artist Edison Yan, based on a NeoGAF post, has been used as promotional material for the game.](/wiki/File:Scribblenauts_post217.png \"Scribblenauts post217.png\")\nOne example of the possibilities of *Scribblenauts* that led to further attention to the game are given in the [ESRB](/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Rating_Board \"Entertainment Software Rating Board\")'s attempt to describe the \"cartoon violence\" and \"comic mischief\" within the game as to grant it an \"E10\\+\" rating. The ESRB's description includes possible examples of the game's level of violence as \"a club can be used to hit an animal; steak can be attached to a baby to attract lions; rockets can be lobbed at a man\". In a post at [NeoGAF](/wiki/NeoGAF \"NeoGAF\") within a thread dedicated to the game, user \"Feep\" relayed the experience of discovering during E3 that he was able to go back in time with a time machine to collect a [dinosaur](/wiki/Dinosaur \"Dinosaur\") in order to defeat an army of robot zombies that could not be defeated with regular weapons. The story, as memorialized as \"Post 217\", has led to 5th Cell artist Edison Yan creating a desktop wallpaper image of the story, in appreciation of the positive fan response to the game, and the terms \"Post Two One Seven\", \"Feep\", and \"Neogaf\" have been included as summonable objects in the game. Slaczka credits the word\\-of\\-mouth popularity of \"Post 217\" for part of the game's success at E3, and noted that he had contacted Feep to gain his permission to include \"Feep\" (appearing as a robot zombie) within the game. The NeoGAF forums proceeded to expand on their praise for the game by creating a series of [avatars](/wiki/Avatar_%28computing%29 \"Avatar (computing)\") of video game and other related characters (which will not otherwise appear in the game due to trademark issues) for their forums inspired by Yan's art design, and some of the members that created the avatars were contacted to work in the second game, *[Super Scribblenauts](/wiki/Super_Scribblenauts \"Super Scribblenauts\")*. Yan himself has drawn several more avatars in the same style for other games such as *[Street Fighter II](/wiki/Street_Fighter_II \"Street Fighter II\")* and *[Final Fantasy VII](/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII \"Final Fantasy VII\")*.\n\n### Release\n\n*Scribblenauts* was found by reviewers to live up to the premise that the game was built on the ability to bring about nearly any object imagined into the game. John Walker of [Eurogamer](/wiki/Eurogamer \"Eurogamer\") considered the game \"an incredible achievement\", with its word database \"so utterly complete in its collection of everything ever in the universe\". Craig Harris of IGN asserted that \"the developers fully deliver on \\[the] promise\" of allowing players to summon nearly any imagined object, and the core game alone is an \"incredibly versatile Nintendo DS experience\". Ben Kuchera of Ars Technica praises the game as \"undeniably new and impressive\" and urged players to support games that take risks with their innovation. Ray Barnholt of 1UP.com noted that while the game \"isn't exactly the be\\-all end\\-all videogame\" that it received prior to release, the game remains \"unmissable\" due to its sheer novelty value. The game's feature of forcing the player to consider different solutions when replaying levels was seen by Anthony Gallegos of GameSpy as a \"really clever way to encourage replayability while subtly upping the challenge\".\n\nHowever, reviewers complained about the game's poor controls, to the point that the implementation \"almost kills a fantastic game\", according to IGN's Harris. Reviews specifically commented how the touch screen is used both to manipulate the objects placed in the game and to move Maxwell; this would result in inadvertently having Maxwell walk to his death or to disrupt a delicately prepared arrangement of objects prior to being ready to move him. Craig Harris of IGN notes that while one can direct Maxwell indirectly, the character would often fail to avoid or overcome simple obstacles, similar to troop movements in [real\\-time strategy games](/wiki/Real-time_strategy_game \"Real-time strategy game\"), such that overcoming these issues requires a significant amount of precise controls by the player. It was suggested that while it was understood why 5th Cell opted to use the touchscreen in this manner to avoid too much flipping between the stylus and face\\-button controls, they would have appreciated the option for customizing the controls. The decision to use the touch screen controls was described by Walker as \"possibly the most wildly stupid design decision of all time\", and that if the movement controls were mapped to the face buttons, the game would have been a \"beautiful thing\". Walker also questioned the choice to have the game's camera snap back to Maxwell as soon as the controls for it were released by the player, as it made it both difficult to set up objects that were off\\-screen from Maxwell, and to watch the results of certain interactions, such as fights between computer\\-controlled characters, that occurred off\\-screen.\n\nWhen it is possible to connect objects to other objects, reviewers found that finding the connection points to be difficult, and would often trigger Maxwell to move. Barnholt described the entire game as feeling like a prototype with its odd physics, and not as polished as 5th Cell's previous games, though acknowledged the overall game is still an impressive feat for the small development team. IGN's Ryan Geddes criticized the game's poor controls and physics, demanding patience to overcome, and raised concerns that the title was rushed to market after its overwhelming positive response from the E3 convention. In a [postmortem](/wiki/Postmortem_documentation \"Postmortem documentation\"), 5TH Cell's co\\-founder Joseph Tringali said that they were aware that the controls would take \"a big hit\" from game reviewers, and attempted to work in a face\\-button control scheme, but would have not been able to complete it within the deadline set by their self\\-funded schedule. Tringali further noted that they did not spend as much time on the stylus controls earlier in development, and would have considered sacrificing another feature, like the Nintendo Wi\\-Fi, to improve them.\n\nReviewers also identified some unexpected behavior from some objects or combinations of them, such as attempting to direct a non\\-player character in picking up an object, leading to an inconsistency in the difficulty of the various puzzles. Ben Kuchera of Ars Technica, in calling *Scribblenauts* \"a frustrating, often maddening game\", described that he often encounters puzzles that, after trying several solutions that should have worked by common sense, he eventually happened upon a less logical solution that worked. Walker considered the puzzles range \"between uninspired and simple and frustratingly obscure and fiddly\". Many critics experienced that after getting stumped on a puzzle, they would often resort to playing around in the free play mode. *[Edge](/wiki/Edge_%28magazine%29 \"Edge (magazine)\")* magazine identified that the free play mode was more enjoyable as it masked the problems with controls, physics, and the general structure of the puzzle game that followed it, and considered what improvements in these modes could be made to create an experience closer to that of *[LittleBigPlanet](/wiki/LittleBigPlanet \"LittleBigPlanet\")*. In particular for the action levels, reviewers found that they would be less likely to explore alternate solutions and fall into the pattern of using the same set of objects, making these levels repetitive towards the end. On the other hand, the puzzle levels were well\\-received; Andrew Reiner of *[Game Informer](/wiki/Game_Informer \"Game Informer\")* wrote that the time spent while solving the puzzle levels was when his \"creative juices were joyously sapped\". The presence of the \"Ollars\" currency system allows players to skip levels they found difficult. Kurchera also noted that with some puzzles, the game is often better played with others, including young children, as the combination of imaginative ideas will likely eventually stumble upon a solution. Simon Parkin of Game Set Watch agreed, believing the game is best enjoyed when one thinks like a child as \"free of the dry, efficient logic of adulthood, a child’s imagination also opens the game up in ways beyond most adults' reach\". Seth Schiesel of the *[New York Times](/wiki/New_York_Times \"New York Times\")* considers the ultimate experience of the game a let\\-down after the E3 hype due to the controls and obfuscation of the puzzles, and though it was not a \"great game\", he considers the concept a \"great idea\" that can be built upon for a possible sequel.\n\nAccording to the [NPD Group](/wiki/NPD_Group \"NPD Group\"), *Scribblenauts* sold 194,000 units in the United States during September 2009, following *[Mario \\& Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story](/wiki/Mario_%26_Luigi:Bowser%27s_Inside_Story \"Bowser's Inside Story\")* and *[Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days](/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_358/2_Days \"Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days\")* in top Nintendo DS sales. The game also showed strong sales during December 2009, becoming the 16th best selling game of that month in North America. By February 2010, the game had sold more than one million units worldwide. It was the 5th best\\-selling Nintendo DS game for 2009 in North America and the 1st best selling [3rd party](/wiki/Third-party_developer \"Third-party developer\") game on DS.\n\n*[Time](/wiki/Time_%28magazine%29 \"Time (magazine)\")* named *Scribblenauts* the 7th best video game of 2009\\. During the [13th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards](/wiki/13th_Annual_Interactive_Achievement_Awards \"13th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards\"), the [Academy of Interactive Arts \\& Sciences](/wiki/Academy_of_Interactive_Arts_%26_Sciences \"Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences\") awarded *Scribblenauts* with \"Outstanding Innovation in Gaming\", \"[Portable Game of the Year](/wiki/D.I.C.E._Award_for_Mobile_Game_of_the_Year \"D.I.C.E. Award for Mobile Game of the Year\")\", and \"[Outstanding Achievement in Portable Game Design](/wiki/D.I.C.E._Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Game_Design \"D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Game Design\")\"; it also received a nomination for \"[Casual Game of the Year](/wiki/D.I.C.E._Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_for_an_Independent_Game \"D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement for an Independent Game\")\". The game won \"Innovation\" and \"Best Handheld Game\" at the 10th annual [Game Developers Choice Awards](/wiki/Game_Developers_Choice_Awards \"Game Developers Choice Awards\").\n\n### Lawsuit\n\nIn May 2013, Charles Schmidt and Christopher Orlando Torres, the creators of the Keyboard Cat and [Nyan Cat](/wiki/Nyan_Cat \"Nyan Cat\") characters respectively, jointly sued 5th Cell and Warner Bros. for [copyright infringement](/wiki/Copyright_infringement \"Copyright infringement\") and [trademark infringement](/wiki/Trademark_infringement \"Trademark infringement\") for the appearances of these characters without permission across *Scribblenauts* and its sequels. Schmidt and Torres have both [registered copyrights](/wiki/Registered_copyright \"Registered copyright\") on their characters and have pending trademark applications on the names. The case was settled out of court, with Warner Bros. officially licensing the two cat characters for use in it.\n\n",
"### Pre\\-release\n\nThe game was well received at the [2009 E3 Convention](/wiki/E3_2009 \"E3 2009\") and was considered the \"sleeper hit\" of the show. *Scribblenauts* is the first portable video game in history to win \"Best of Show\" awards for E3 from any major gaming media outlet. The game was named \"Best Original Game\" and \"Best Handheld Game\" by the [Game Critics Awards](/wiki/Game_Critics_Awards \"Game Critics Awards\"). *Scribblenauts* was named the overall \"Best of Show\" by [GameSpot](/wiki/GameSpot \"GameSpot\"), [GameSpy](/wiki/GameSpy \"GameSpy\"), and [IGN](/wiki/IGN \"IGN\"), in addition to other awards. [1UP.com](/wiki/1UP.com \"1UP.com\") named *Scribblenauts* their E3's \"Most Innovative\" title. [X\\-Play](/wiki/X-Play \"X-Play\") gave the game its E3 \"Best Original Game\" and \"Best Handheld Game\" awards. [Ars Technica](/wiki/Ars_Technica \"Ars Technica\") considered the game as the show's \"Most Pleasant Surprise\". [Joystiq](/wiki/Joystiq \"Joystiq\") performed a ten\\-word test of the game, and found only one word, \"plumbob\", was not yet present in the game, but were promised it would be in the final version. Part of the success at E3 was considered partially due to the inclusion of then\\-recent [Keyboard Cat](/wiki/Keyboard_Cat \"Keyboard Cat\") Internet meme, which led to a [grassroots](/wiki/Grassroots \"Grassroots\")\\-type excitement about the game at the convention. [Adam Sessler](/wiki/Adam_Sessler \"Adam Sessler\") of [G4 TV](/wiki/G4_%28U.S._TV_channel%29 \"G4 (U.S. TV channel)\") believed that *Scribblenauts* E3 success was from being a small but successful game from a small company in contrast to numerous other premier titles from other major developers and publishers that have become standard for the convention, such that the uniqueness of everything about the game made it the standout title of the show. *Scribblenauts* was given a much more predominate display in Warner Bros. Interactive's booth at the next major convention, the 2009 [Comic\\-Con International](/wiki/Comic-Con_International \"Comic-Con International\"). IGN listed *Scribblenauts* in a preview of Nintendo DS games in 2009, labeling it as one of their top picks for the year. They described it as \"quite possibly one of the system's most ambitious designs yet\".\n\n[thumb\\|right\\|alt\\=\"Post 217\" as drawn by 5th Cell artist, Edison Yan\\|\"Post 217\" as drawn by 5th Cell artist Edison Yan, based on a NeoGAF post, has been used as promotional material for the game.](/wiki/File:Scribblenauts_post217.png \"Scribblenauts post217.png\")\nOne example of the possibilities of *Scribblenauts* that led to further attention to the game are given in the [ESRB](/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Rating_Board \"Entertainment Software Rating Board\")'s attempt to describe the \"cartoon violence\" and \"comic mischief\" within the game as to grant it an \"E10\\+\" rating. The ESRB's description includes possible examples of the game's level of violence as \"a club can be used to hit an animal; steak can be attached to a baby to attract lions; rockets can be lobbed at a man\". In a post at [NeoGAF](/wiki/NeoGAF \"NeoGAF\") within a thread dedicated to the game, user \"Feep\" relayed the experience of discovering during E3 that he was able to go back in time with a time machine to collect a [dinosaur](/wiki/Dinosaur \"Dinosaur\") in order to defeat an army of robot zombies that could not be defeated with regular weapons. The story, as memorialized as \"Post 217\", has led to 5th Cell artist Edison Yan creating a desktop wallpaper image of the story, in appreciation of the positive fan response to the game, and the terms \"Post Two One Seven\", \"Feep\", and \"Neogaf\" have been included as summonable objects in the game. Slaczka credits the word\\-of\\-mouth popularity of \"Post 217\" for part of the game's success at E3, and noted that he had contacted Feep to gain his permission to include \"Feep\" (appearing as a robot zombie) within the game. The NeoGAF forums proceeded to expand on their praise for the game by creating a series of [avatars](/wiki/Avatar_%28computing%29 \"Avatar (computing)\") of video game and other related characters (which will not otherwise appear in the game due to trademark issues) for their forums inspired by Yan's art design, and some of the members that created the avatars were contacted to work in the second game, *[Super Scribblenauts](/wiki/Super_Scribblenauts \"Super Scribblenauts\")*. Yan himself has drawn several more avatars in the same style for other games such as *[Street Fighter II](/wiki/Street_Fighter_II \"Street Fighter II\")* and *[Final Fantasy VII](/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII \"Final Fantasy VII\")*.\n\n",
"### Release\n\n*Scribblenauts* was found by reviewers to live up to the premise that the game was built on the ability to bring about nearly any object imagined into the game. John Walker of [Eurogamer](/wiki/Eurogamer \"Eurogamer\") considered the game \"an incredible achievement\", with its word database \"so utterly complete in its collection of everything ever in the universe\". Craig Harris of IGN asserted that \"the developers fully deliver on \\[the] promise\" of allowing players to summon nearly any imagined object, and the core game alone is an \"incredibly versatile Nintendo DS experience\". Ben Kuchera of Ars Technica praises the game as \"undeniably new and impressive\" and urged players to support games that take risks with their innovation. Ray Barnholt of 1UP.com noted that while the game \"isn't exactly the be\\-all end\\-all videogame\" that it received prior to release, the game remains \"unmissable\" due to its sheer novelty value. The game's feature of forcing the player to consider different solutions when replaying levels was seen by Anthony Gallegos of GameSpy as a \"really clever way to encourage replayability while subtly upping the challenge\".\n\nHowever, reviewers complained about the game's poor controls, to the point that the implementation \"almost kills a fantastic game\", according to IGN's Harris. Reviews specifically commented how the touch screen is used both to manipulate the objects placed in the game and to move Maxwell; this would result in inadvertently having Maxwell walk to his death or to disrupt a delicately prepared arrangement of objects prior to being ready to move him. Craig Harris of IGN notes that while one can direct Maxwell indirectly, the character would often fail to avoid or overcome simple obstacles, similar to troop movements in [real\\-time strategy games](/wiki/Real-time_strategy_game \"Real-time strategy game\"), such that overcoming these issues requires a significant amount of precise controls by the player. It was suggested that while it was understood why 5th Cell opted to use the touchscreen in this manner to avoid too much flipping between the stylus and face\\-button controls, they would have appreciated the option for customizing the controls. The decision to use the touch screen controls was described by Walker as \"possibly the most wildly stupid design decision of all time\", and that if the movement controls were mapped to the face buttons, the game would have been a \"beautiful thing\". Walker also questioned the choice to have the game's camera snap back to Maxwell as soon as the controls for it were released by the player, as it made it both difficult to set up objects that were off\\-screen from Maxwell, and to watch the results of certain interactions, such as fights between computer\\-controlled characters, that occurred off\\-screen.\n\nWhen it is possible to connect objects to other objects, reviewers found that finding the connection points to be difficult, and would often trigger Maxwell to move. Barnholt described the entire game as feeling like a prototype with its odd physics, and not as polished as 5th Cell's previous games, though acknowledged the overall game is still an impressive feat for the small development team. IGN's Ryan Geddes criticized the game's poor controls and physics, demanding patience to overcome, and raised concerns that the title was rushed to market after its overwhelming positive response from the E3 convention. In a [postmortem](/wiki/Postmortem_documentation \"Postmortem documentation\"), 5TH Cell's co\\-founder Joseph Tringali said that they were aware that the controls would take \"a big hit\" from game reviewers, and attempted to work in a face\\-button control scheme, but would have not been able to complete it within the deadline set by their self\\-funded schedule. Tringali further noted that they did not spend as much time on the stylus controls earlier in development, and would have considered sacrificing another feature, like the Nintendo Wi\\-Fi, to improve them.\n\nReviewers also identified some unexpected behavior from some objects or combinations of them, such as attempting to direct a non\\-player character in picking up an object, leading to an inconsistency in the difficulty of the various puzzles. Ben Kuchera of Ars Technica, in calling *Scribblenauts* \"a frustrating, often maddening game\", described that he often encounters puzzles that, after trying several solutions that should have worked by common sense, he eventually happened upon a less logical solution that worked. Walker considered the puzzles range \"between uninspired and simple and frustratingly obscure and fiddly\". Many critics experienced that after getting stumped on a puzzle, they would often resort to playing around in the free play mode. *[Edge](/wiki/Edge_%28magazine%29 \"Edge (magazine)\")* magazine identified that the free play mode was more enjoyable as it masked the problems with controls, physics, and the general structure of the puzzle game that followed it, and considered what improvements in these modes could be made to create an experience closer to that of *[LittleBigPlanet](/wiki/LittleBigPlanet \"LittleBigPlanet\")*. In particular for the action levels, reviewers found that they would be less likely to explore alternate solutions and fall into the pattern of using the same set of objects, making these levels repetitive towards the end. On the other hand, the puzzle levels were well\\-received; Andrew Reiner of *[Game Informer](/wiki/Game_Informer \"Game Informer\")* wrote that the time spent while solving the puzzle levels was when his \"creative juices were joyously sapped\". The presence of the \"Ollars\" currency system allows players to skip levels they found difficult. Kurchera also noted that with some puzzles, the game is often better played with others, including young children, as the combination of imaginative ideas will likely eventually stumble upon a solution. Simon Parkin of Game Set Watch agreed, believing the game is best enjoyed when one thinks like a child as \"free of the dry, efficient logic of adulthood, a child’s imagination also opens the game up in ways beyond most adults' reach\". Seth Schiesel of the *[New York Times](/wiki/New_York_Times \"New York Times\")* considers the ultimate experience of the game a let\\-down after the E3 hype due to the controls and obfuscation of the puzzles, and though it was not a \"great game\", he considers the concept a \"great idea\" that can be built upon for a possible sequel.\n\nAccording to the [NPD Group](/wiki/NPD_Group \"NPD Group\"), *Scribblenauts* sold 194,000 units in the United States during September 2009, following *[Mario \\& Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story](/wiki/Mario_%26_Luigi:Bowser%27s_Inside_Story \"Bowser's Inside Story\")* and *[Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days](/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_358/2_Days \"Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days\")* in top Nintendo DS sales. The game also showed strong sales during December 2009, becoming the 16th best selling game of that month in North America. By February 2010, the game had sold more than one million units worldwide. It was the 5th best\\-selling Nintendo DS game for 2009 in North America and the 1st best selling [3rd party](/wiki/Third-party_developer \"Third-party developer\") game on DS.\n\n*[Time](/wiki/Time_%28magazine%29 \"Time (magazine)\")* named *Scribblenauts* the 7th best video game of 2009\\. During the [13th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards](/wiki/13th_Annual_Interactive_Achievement_Awards \"13th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards\"), the [Academy of Interactive Arts \\& Sciences](/wiki/Academy_of_Interactive_Arts_%26_Sciences \"Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences\") awarded *Scribblenauts* with \"Outstanding Innovation in Gaming\", \"[Portable Game of the Year](/wiki/D.I.C.E._Award_for_Mobile_Game_of_the_Year \"D.I.C.E. Award for Mobile Game of the Year\")\", and \"[Outstanding Achievement in Portable Game Design](/wiki/D.I.C.E._Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_in_Game_Design \"D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement in Game Design\")\"; it also received a nomination for \"[Casual Game of the Year](/wiki/D.I.C.E._Award_for_Outstanding_Achievement_for_an_Independent_Game \"D.I.C.E. Award for Outstanding Achievement for an Independent Game\")\". The game won \"Innovation\" and \"Best Handheld Game\" at the 10th annual [Game Developers Choice Awards](/wiki/Game_Developers_Choice_Awards \"Game Developers Choice Awards\").\n\n",
"### Lawsuit\n\nIn May 2013, Charles Schmidt and Christopher Orlando Torres, the creators of the Keyboard Cat and [Nyan Cat](/wiki/Nyan_Cat \"Nyan Cat\") characters respectively, jointly sued 5th Cell and Warner Bros. for [copyright infringement](/wiki/Copyright_infringement \"Copyright infringement\") and [trademark infringement](/wiki/Trademark_infringement \"Trademark infringement\") for the appearances of these characters without permission across *Scribblenauts* and its sequels. Schmidt and Torres have both [registered copyrights](/wiki/Registered_copyright \"Registered copyright\") on their characters and have pending trademark applications on the names. The case was settled out of court, with Warner Bros. officially licensing the two cat characters for use in it.\n\n",
"Sequels\n-------\n\n### *Super Scribblenauts*\n\nA Nintendo DS sequel to *Scribblenauts* titled *[Super Scribblenauts](/wiki/Super_Scribblenauts \"Super Scribblenauts\")* was released on October 12, 2010\\. In addition to addressing issues with the control scheme, *Super Scribblenauts* includes a larger vocabulary including the use of [adjectives](/wiki/Adjective \"Adjective\") to modify nouns, influencing the objects' behavior.\n\n### *Scribblenauts Remix*\n\n*[Scribblenauts Remix](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Remix \"Scribblenauts Remix\")*, a version of *Scribblenauts* for the [iOS](/wiki/IOS \"IOS\") platform, was released by Warner Bros. Interactive on October 12, 2011\\. Ported to the platform by developers Iron Galaxy, the iOS version provides forty levels from both *Scribblenauts* and its sequel, along with ten new levels for the iOS game. The mechanics of the game are based on *Super Scribblenauts*, allowing for the use of adjectives in addition to nouns. The game uses built\\-in features of iOS, such as the touch keyboard, and was released simultaneously with [iOS 5](/wiki/IOS_5 \"IOS 5\"), incorporating new features such as [cloud storage](/wiki/Cloud_storage \"Cloud storage\") to play the game across multiple devices. An [Android](/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29 \"Android (operating system)\") version was released on June 26, 2013\\.\n\n### *Scribblenauts Unlimited*\n\nA fourth title, *[Scribblenauts Unlimited](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Unlimited \"Scribblenauts Unlimited\")*, was released for [Wii U](/wiki/Wii_U \"Wii U\"), PC, and [Nintendo 3DS](/wiki/Nintendo_3DS \"Nintendo 3DS\") on November 13, 2012\\. It features multiple worlds which Maxwell must find out how to help various non\\-player characters to gain Starites, using the extended vocabulary abilities of *Super Scribblenauts* to solve puzzles. [iOS](/wiki/IOS \"IOS\") and [Android](/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29 \"Android (operating system)\") versions were both released on December 15, 2015\\. Ports for [PlayStation 4](/wiki/PlayStation_4 \"PlayStation 4\"), [Nintendo Switch](/wiki/Nintendo_Switch \"Nintendo Switch\"), and [Xbox One](/wiki/Xbox_One \"Xbox One\") were released on September 18, 2018\\.\n\n### *Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure*\n\nA fifth game in the franchise, *[Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Unmasked:A_DC_Comics_Adventure \"A DC Comics Adventure\")*, was released for Wii U, PC, and Nintendo 3DS, featuring over 2000 characters from the [DC Comics](/wiki/DC_Comics \"DC Comics\") universe. The game was released on September 24, 2013\\. Like *Unlimited*, *Unmasked* has ports for PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and Xbox One, which were released on September 18, 2018\\. In this case, the two of them are packaged together.\n\n### *Scribblenauts: Fighting Words*\n\nA sixth game in the series, titled *Scribblenauts: Fighting Words* was in development for iOS since 2014, but was cancelled in 2016 after 5th Cell laid off 45 employees, including lead animator Tim Borrelli.\n\n### *Scribblenauts Showdown*\n\n*[Scribblenauts Showdown](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Showdown \"Scribblenauts Showdown\")* is a [party game](/wiki/Party_game \"Party game\") for up to four players, using mini\\-games based on the *Scribblenauts* formula. The game was developed by Shiver Entertainment, published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, and released on the [Nintendo Switch](/wiki/Nintendo_Switch \"Nintendo Switch\"), [PlayStation 4](/wiki/PlayStation_4 \"PlayStation 4\"), and [Xbox One](/wiki/Xbox_One \"Xbox One\") on March 6, 2018, which marks the first game in the series released on [Sony](/wiki/Sony \"Sony\") and [Microsoft](/wiki/Microsoft \"Microsoft\") consoles.\n\n",
"### *Super Scribblenauts*\n\nA Nintendo DS sequel to *Scribblenauts* titled *[Super Scribblenauts](/wiki/Super_Scribblenauts \"Super Scribblenauts\")* was released on October 12, 2010\\. In addition to addressing issues with the control scheme, *Super Scribblenauts* includes a larger vocabulary including the use of [adjectives](/wiki/Adjective \"Adjective\") to modify nouns, influencing the objects' behavior.\n\n",
"### *Scribblenauts Remix*\n\n*[Scribblenauts Remix](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Remix \"Scribblenauts Remix\")*, a version of *Scribblenauts* for the [iOS](/wiki/IOS \"IOS\") platform, was released by Warner Bros. Interactive on October 12, 2011\\. Ported to the platform by developers Iron Galaxy, the iOS version provides forty levels from both *Scribblenauts* and its sequel, along with ten new levels for the iOS game. The mechanics of the game are based on *Super Scribblenauts*, allowing for the use of adjectives in addition to nouns. The game uses built\\-in features of iOS, such as the touch keyboard, and was released simultaneously with [iOS 5](/wiki/IOS_5 \"IOS 5\"), incorporating new features such as [cloud storage](/wiki/Cloud_storage \"Cloud storage\") to play the game across multiple devices. An [Android](/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29 \"Android (operating system)\") version was released on June 26, 2013\\.\n\n",
"### *Scribblenauts Unlimited*\n\nA fourth title, *[Scribblenauts Unlimited](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Unlimited \"Scribblenauts Unlimited\")*, was released for [Wii U](/wiki/Wii_U \"Wii U\"), PC, and [Nintendo 3DS](/wiki/Nintendo_3DS \"Nintendo 3DS\") on November 13, 2012\\. It features multiple worlds which Maxwell must find out how to help various non\\-player characters to gain Starites, using the extended vocabulary abilities of *Super Scribblenauts* to solve puzzles. [iOS](/wiki/IOS \"IOS\") and [Android](/wiki/Android_%28operating_system%29 \"Android (operating system)\") versions were both released on December 15, 2015\\. Ports for [PlayStation 4](/wiki/PlayStation_4 \"PlayStation 4\"), [Nintendo Switch](/wiki/Nintendo_Switch \"Nintendo Switch\"), and [Xbox One](/wiki/Xbox_One \"Xbox One\") were released on September 18, 2018\\.\n\n",
"### *Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure*\n\nA fifth game in the franchise, *[Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Unmasked:A_DC_Comics_Adventure \"A DC Comics Adventure\")*, was released for Wii U, PC, and Nintendo 3DS, featuring over 2000 characters from the [DC Comics](/wiki/DC_Comics \"DC Comics\") universe. The game was released on September 24, 2013\\. Like *Unlimited*, *Unmasked* has ports for PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and Xbox One, which were released on September 18, 2018\\. In this case, the two of them are packaged together.\n\n",
"### *Scribblenauts: Fighting Words*\n\nA sixth game in the series, titled *Scribblenauts: Fighting Words* was in development for iOS since 2014, but was cancelled in 2016 after 5th Cell laid off 45 employees, including lead animator Tim Borrelli.\n\n",
"### *Scribblenauts Showdown*\n\n*[Scribblenauts Showdown](/wiki/Scribblenauts_Showdown \"Scribblenauts Showdown\")* is a [party game](/wiki/Party_game \"Party game\") for up to four players, using mini\\-games based on the *Scribblenauts* formula. The game was developed by Shiver Entertainment, published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, and released on the [Nintendo Switch](/wiki/Nintendo_Switch \"Nintendo Switch\"), [PlayStation 4](/wiki/PlayStation_4 \"PlayStation 4\"), and [Xbox One](/wiki/Xbox_One \"Xbox One\") on March 6, 2018, which marks the first game in the series released on [Sony](/wiki/Sony \"Sony\") and [Microsoft](/wiki/Microsoft \"Microsoft\") consoles.\n\n",
"Notes\n-----\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [5th Cell's website](http://5thcell.com/)\n\n[Category:2009 video games](/wiki/Category:2009_video_games \"2009 video games\")\n[Category:5th Cell games](/wiki/Category:5th_Cell_games \"5th Cell games\")\n[Category:Warner Bros. Games franchises](/wiki/Category:Warner_Bros._Games_franchises \"Warner Bros. Games franchises\")\n[Category:Action\\-adventure games](/wiki/Category:Action-adventure_games \"Action-adventure games\")\n[Category:Nintendo DS games](/wiki/Category:Nintendo_DS_games \"Nintendo DS games\")\n[Category:Nintendo DS\\-only games](/wiki/Category:Nintendo_DS-only_games \"Nintendo DS-only games\")\n[Category:Puzzle video games](/wiki/Category:Puzzle_video_games \"Puzzle video games\")\n\n[Category:Video games developed in the United States](/wiki/Category:Video_games_developed_in_the_United_States \"Video games developed in the United States\")\n[Category:Warner Bros. video games](/wiki/Category:Warner_Bros._video_games \"Warner Bros. video games\")\n[Category:Video games with user\\-generated gameplay content](/wiki/Category:Video_games_with_user-generated_gameplay_content \"Video games with user-generated gameplay content\")\n[Category:Single\\-player video games](/wiki/Category:Single-player_video_games \"Single-player video games\")\n\n"
]
} |
DA module series | {
"id": [
1682772
],
"name": [
"Pemilligan"
]
} | atjuxds9k1nlpo0gnao8ybtrehtkpy3 | 2023-04-05T17:40:04Z | 1,128,579,570 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"Modules",
"The Duchy of Ten",
"Plot summary",
"Publication history",
"See also",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2,
3,
3,
2,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\nThe **DA module series** is a series of four [adventures](/wiki/Adventure_%28Dungeons_%26_Dragons%29 \"Adventure (Dungeons & Dragons)\") for the *[Dungeons \\& Dragons](/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons \"Dungeons & Dragons\")* [role\\-playing game](/wiki/Role-playing_game \"Role-playing game\"), designed to be compatible with the *[Dungeons \\& Dragons Expert Set](/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons_Expert_Set \"Dungeons & Dragons Expert Set\")*. They were written for character levels 10–14 by [Dave Arneson](/wiki/Dave_Arneson \"Dave Arneson\") and David J. Ritchie and published from 1986 to 1987\\.\n\n",
"Modules\n-------\n\n*[Adventures in Blackmoor](/wiki/Adventures_in_Blackmoor \"Adventures in Blackmoor\")* (module DA1\\) is a 64\\-page adventure with cover art by [Jeff Easley](/wiki/Jeff_Easley \"Jeff Easley\") and interior artwork by [Jim Holloway](/wiki/Jim_Holloway_%28artist%29 \"Jim Holloway (artist)\"). It features some locations and characters from Dave Arneson's original *[Blackmoor](/wiki/Blackmoor_%28campaign_setting%29 \"Blackmoor (campaign setting)\")* campaign.\n\n*[Temple of the Frog](/wiki/Temple_of_the_Frog \"Temple of the Frog\")* (module DA2, ) is a 48\\-page adventure published in 1986 with [TSR](/wiki/TSR_%28company%29 \"TSR (company)\") product code \"TSR 9175\". This was a reworking of the original version, released in 1975 as part of the *[Blackmoor](/wiki/Blackmoor_%28supplement%29 \"Blackmoor (supplement)\")* supplement. It features cover art by Dennis Beauvais and interior art by Mark Nelson.\n\n*[City of the Gods](/wiki/City_of_the_Gods \"City of the Gods\")* (module DA3, ) is a 1987 adventure with TSR product code \"TSR 9191\". It was edited by Deborah Campbell Ritchie, with cover art by [Doug Chaffee](/wiki/Doug_Chaffee \"Doug Chaffee\"), interior art by Jim Holloway, cartography by Dennis Kauth and [David C. Sutherland III](/wiki/David_C._Sutherland_III \"David C. Sutherland III\"), and typesetting by Kim N. Lindau.\n\n*The Duchy of Ten* (module DA4\\) was written by David J. Ritchie, with cover art by [Clyde Caldwell](/wiki/Clyde_Caldwell \"Clyde Caldwell\") and interior art by [David Dorman](/wiki/Dave_Dorman \"Dave Dorman\"). It was published in 1987\\.\n\n",
"The Duchy of Ten\n----------------\n\nThe Duchy of Ten is an [adventure module](/wiki/Adventure_%28Dungeons_%26_Dragons%29 \"Adventure (Dungeons & Dragons)\") designed for use with the *[Expert Set](/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons_Expert_Set \"Dungeons & Dragons Expert Set\")* rules for the *[Dungeons \\& Dragons](/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons \"Dungeons & Dragons\")* [fantasy](/wiki/Fantasy \"Fantasy\") [role\\-playing game](/wiki/Role-playing_game \"Role-playing game\"). It was written by [David J. Ritchie](/wiki/David_J._Ritchie \"David J. Ritchie\"), with cover art by [Clyde Caldwell](/wiki/Clyde_Caldwell \"Clyde Caldwell\") and interior art by [David Dorman](/wiki/David_Dorman \"David Dorman\").\n\n### Plot summary\n\n*The Duchy of Ten* is based on [Dave Arneson](/wiki/Dave_Arneson \"Dave Arneson\")'s original [Blackmoor](/wiki/Blackmoor_%28campaign_setting%29 \"Blackmoor (campaign setting)\") campaign. In this scenario, the [player characters](/wiki/Player_character \"Player character\") need to go to the place where the terrible artifact known as the Well of Souls was forged, as that is the only place it can be destroyed. The module includes campaign setting data and a large map of the lands of the west.\n\n### Publication history\n\nDA4 *The Duchy of Ten* was written by David J. Ritchie, with a cover by [Clyde Caldwell](/wiki/Clyde_Caldwell \"Clyde Caldwell\") and interior illustrations by [Dave Dorman](/wiki/Dave_Dorman \"Dave Dorman\"), and was published by TSR in 1987 as a 48\\-page booklet with a large color map and an outer folder.\n\n",
"### Plot summary\n\n*The Duchy of Ten* is based on [Dave Arneson](/wiki/Dave_Arneson \"Dave Arneson\")'s original [Blackmoor](/wiki/Blackmoor_%28campaign_setting%29 \"Blackmoor (campaign setting)\") campaign. In this scenario, the [player characters](/wiki/Player_character \"Player character\") need to go to the place where the terrible artifact known as the Well of Souls was forged, as that is the only place it can be destroyed. The module includes campaign setting data and a large map of the lands of the west.\n\n",
"### Publication history\n\nDA4 *The Duchy of Ten* was written by David J. Ritchie, with a cover by [Clyde Caldwell](/wiki/Clyde_Caldwell \"Clyde Caldwell\") and interior illustrations by [Dave Dorman](/wiki/Dave_Dorman \"Dave Dorman\"), and was published by TSR in 1987 as a 48\\-page booklet with a large color map and an outer folder.\n\n",
"See also\n--------\n\n* [List of *Dungeons \\& Dragons* modules](/wiki/List_of_Dungeons_%26_Dragons_modules \"List of Dungeons & Dragons modules\")\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [The DA series](http://www.acaeum.com/ddindexes/modpages/da.html) from The Acaeum\n\n[Category:Dungeons \\& Dragons modules](/wiki/Category:Dungeons_%26_Dragons_modules \"Dungeons & Dragons modules\")\n[Category:Role\\-playing game supplements introduced in 1986](/wiki/Category:Role-playing_game_supplements_introduced_in_1986 \"Role-playing game supplements introduced in 1986\")\n\n"
]
} |
Mbalal | {
"id": [
46428089
],
"name": [
"Elinrubio6"
]
} | eb5p4h0kldfpm6nxhqazezpiw76nc92 | 2024-03-22T12:53:12Z | 1,214,986,508 | 0 | {
"title": [
"Introduction",
"References",
"External links"
],
"level": [
1,
2,
2
],
"content": [
"\n\n**Mbalal** or **M'Balel** is a town and [urban commune](/wiki/Communes_of_Mauritania \"Communes of Mauritania\") in the [Trarza](/wiki/Trarza_Region \"Trarza Region\") Region of south\\-western [Mauritania](/wiki/Mauritania \"Mauritania\").\n\nIn 2000, it had a population of 14,129\\.\n\n",
"References\n----------\n\n",
"External links\n--------------\n\n* [Images](http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-entries/mikelbt/2/1216488900/tpod.html)\n\n[Category:Communes of Trarza Region](/wiki/Category:Communes_of_Trarza_Region \"Communes of Trarza Region\")\n\n \n\n"
]
} |
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