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[ { "value": "to an animal", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "An enucleated oocyte (or with its nuclear destroyed) can reprogram an implanted fully differentiated somatic nucleus to functional totipotency and gives rise to a cloned animal .", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" }, { "text": "Note that, like the united sperm and oocyte genomes, an individual nucleus at distinct differentiated epigenetic states (fibroblasts, T cells, or B cells) can be reprogrammed by an enucleated oocyte, which is lacking any of its own nuclear genetic material, to totipotency and gives rise to an animal.", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" } ]

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[ { "text": "Penetration of the Corona Radiata Penetrating the surface cells of the oocyte (corona radiata) is accomplished in part through the spermatozoon’s \"active swimming movements\" and in part through the use of digestive enzymes contained in the acrosome of the spermatozoon.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" }, { "text": "Penetration of the Corona Radiata Penetrating the surface cells of the oocyte (corona radiata) is accomplished in part through the spermatozoon’s \"active swimming movements\" and in part through the use of digestive enzymes contained in the acrosome of the spermatozoon.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

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[ { "text": "The zygote is the first diploid cell that forms following fertilization by fusion of the haploid oocyte (egg) and spermatozoa (sperm) resulting in the combination of their separate genomes.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Zygote" }, { "text": "Dizygotic twins (fraternal, non-identical) arise from separate fertilization events involving two separate oocyte (egg, ova) and spermatozoa (sperm).", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Lecture_-_Week_1_and_2_Development" } ]

[ { "value": "from a male", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Human development is a continuous process that begins when an oocyte (ovum) from a female is fertilized by a sperm (spermatozoon) from a male.", "source": "https://www.thescottsmithblog.com/2018/09/life-begins-at-conception-all-science.html" }, { "text": "If these oocytes are fertilized by sperm, they will resume and complete meiosis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "The oocyte and early embryo are made of living cells.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" }, { "text": "The oocyte and early embryo are made of living cells.", "source": "https://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit1.php" } ]

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[ { "text": "During this process, the maturing oocytes resume meiosis and continue until metaphase II of meiosis II, where they are again arrested just before ovulation.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": ": primary oocyte or secondary oocyte plus numerous layers of granulosa cells and fluid filled vesicular cavities Graafian follicle : secondary oocyte, arrested before second meiotic division, plus layers of granulosa cells and a single large fluid filled cavity (antrum).", "source": "https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb32/Miller%20notes-Reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "It is during the progress of these events that the oocyte initiates its final maturation division.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/prenatal-development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Mammalian oocytes are surrounded by the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein coat that protects the oocyte and embryo from mechanical damage during their preimplantation development within the oviduct.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

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[ { "text": "Maturing oocytes are arrested in prophase I of meiosis I and lie dormant within a protective shell of somatic cells called the follicle.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "Even the early germ cells contain 46 chromosomes; it is only their mature forms - the sex gametes, or sperms and oocytes - which will later contain only 23 chromosomes each..1 Sperms and oocytes are derived from primitive germ cells in the developing fetus by means of the process known as \"gametogenesis.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The oocyte now undergoes its second meiotic division producing the haploid ovum and releasing a polar body.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "After puberty, meiosis 1 is resumed and a secondary oocyte ... is formed, together with polar body 1, which can be regarded as an oocyte having a reduced share of cytoplasm.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "Once plugging has occurred, oocytes are harvested from the mouse and injected with the genetic material.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinjection" } ]

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[ { "text": "During sexual intercourse, some sperm ejaculated from the male penis swim up through the female vagina and uterus toward an oocyte (egg cell) floating in one of the uterine tubes.", "source": "https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/reproductive/reproductive-process" } ]

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[ { "text": "Additionally, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are released near the oocyte that promote the acrosome reaction.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "The oocyte completes its second meiotic division.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "e, P c (s) in data from combined NSN and SN oocytes, scored by Hoechst staining.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "luteum secondary oocyte encased in zona pellucida and corona radiata", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

[ { "value": "months ago", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Oocytes experienced the last mitosis weeks or months ago and are arrested in prophase I; they therefore differ the most from somatic cells.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

[ { "value": "by free-swimming flagellate sperm", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The oocytes were fertilized in the archegonia by free-swimming flagellate sperm produced by windborne miniaturized male gametophytes in the form of pre-pollen.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporophyte" } ]

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[ { "text": "Oocyte is the largest human cell and is just visible to the naked eye.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Gamete_vs_Zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "in mammals", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In mammals, the fertilized oocyte, zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and morula resulting from cleavage of the early embryo are examples of totipotent cells (ability to form a complete organism).", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "in sum", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In sum, a mature human sperm and a mature human oocyte are products of gametogenesis", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "from the sperm chromatin", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "\"Recent data from several laboratories have provided evidence that the newly fertilized oocyte inherits epigenetic signals from the sperm chromatin that are required for proper embryonic development.", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

[ { "value": "to the naked eye", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Oocyte is the largest human cell and is just visible to the naked eye.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Gamete_vs_Zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": ": oogonia (46 chromosomes) ® primary oocyte (46 chromosomes) ® secondary oocyte (23 chromosomes)", "source": "https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb32/Miller%20notes-Reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "The oocyte and spermatozoon nuclei (each containing 23 chromosomes) unite in the course of the fusion of their genetic material and thus form the zygote (46 chromosomes).", "source": "http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/fplacenta/fecond01.html" } ]

[ { "value": "usually", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Studies on early stages of development indicate that human oocytes are usually fertilized with 12 hours after ovulation.", "source": "https://www.thescottsmithblog.com/2018/09/life-begins-at-conception-all-science.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "While oocyte can have only an X chromosome the sperm can carry either an X or a Y chromosome.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Gamete_vs_Zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "In mammals, the fertilized oocyte, zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and morula resulting from cleavage of the early embryo are examples of totipotent cells (ability to form a complete organism).", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "into the two-cell stage", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Persistence of oocyte reprogramming activity into the two-cell stage is additionally supported by the generation of mice after injection of a round spermatid into a haploid parthenogenote , which is an equivalent to a blastomere of a two-cell embryo.", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" } ]

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[ { "text": "If a single sperm or a single oocyte were implanted into a woman", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The expression fertilized ovum refers to a secondary oocyte that is impregnated by a sperm; when fertilization is complete, the oocyte becomes a zygote.\"10 (Emphasis added.)", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "In preparation for the fusion of their genetic material both the oocyte and the sperm undergo transformations as a reaction to the fusion of cell membranes.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "Furthermore, a sperm can produce only \"sperm\" proteins and enzymes; an oocyte can produce only \"oocyte\" proteins and enzymes; neither alone is or can produce a human being with 46 chromosomes.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "Unfertilized oocyte will degenerate 12-24 hours after ovulation.", "source": "https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb32/Miller%20notes-Reproduction" } ]

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[ { "text": "The term �ovum� implies that polar body 2 has been given off, which event is usually delayed until the oocyte has been penetrated by a spermatozoon (i.e., has been fertilized).", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "Although some sperm proteins may have impact on development , the totipotent reprogramming activity is generally from the oocyte factors because an enucleated oocyte without fertilization can reprogram an implanted fully differentiated nucleus to totipotency and give birth to a healthy animal (see discussion in The Zygote Has the Capacity for Reprogramming to Totipotency section, as well as Box 1 and Fig. 2).", "source": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/scd.2019.0057" } ]

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[ { "text": "Maturing oocytes are arrested in prophase I of meiosis I and lie dormant within a protective shell of somatic cells called the follicle.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[ { "value": "with 46 chromosomes", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Furthermore, a sperm can produce only \"sperm\" proteins and enzymes; an oocyte can produce only \"oocyte\" proteins and enzymes; neither alone is or can produce a human being with 46 chromosomes.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "upon penetration", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Upon penetration, the oocyte is said to have become activated.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon" } ]

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[ { "text": "The fusion of the sperm (with 23 chromosomes) and the oocyte (with 23 chromosomes) at fertilization results in a live human being, a single-cell human zygote, with 46 chromosomes", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The development of an unfertilized oocyte (no spermatozoa).", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

[ { "value": "to other spermatozoa", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "This is because the invading sperm head releases a substance that initiates surface changes in the oocyte that render its membrane impermeable to other spermatozoa.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/prenatal-development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Thus, for fertilization to be accomplished, a mature sperm and a mature human oocyte are needed.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "After puberty, meiosis 1 is resumed and a secondary oocyte ... is formed, together with polar body 1, which can be regarded as an oocyte having a reduced share of cytoplasm.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The fusion of the oocyte II and the spermatozoon triggers the completion of the second meiotic division in the oocyte.", "source": "http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/fplacenta/fecond01.html" } ]

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[ { "text": ": a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte acrosome : a structure forming the end of the head of a spermatozoon", "source": "https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/fertilization-and-early-embryonic-development/" } ]

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[ { "text": "Furthermore, a sperm can produce only \"sperm\" proteins and enzymes; an oocyte can produce only \"oocyte\" proteins and enzymes; neither alone is or can produce a human being with 46 chromosomes.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "When applied to oocytes (Fig.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "Whereas combined P c (s) scalings are similar, mature oocytes display more long-range (>400 kb) contacts", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "Oocyte contributes - mitochondria (maternally inherited)", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

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[ { "text": "Polymer modelling demonstrates that this steeper slope can be explained by the larger nuclear volumes of oocytes and zygotes (Extended Data Fig. 2).", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "Secondary oocyte (1 polar body) at the time of fertilization", "source": "http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/fplacenta/fecond01.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "After the sperm enters the cytoplasm of the oocyte (also called ovocyte), the tail and the outer coating of the sperm disintegrate and the cortical reaction takes place, preventing other sperm from fertilizing the same egg.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilisation" } ]

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[ { "text": "It lasts until meiosis is resumed to prepare the oocyte for ovulation, which happens at puberty or even later.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "Active movements first bring some spermatozoa into contact with follicle cells adhering to the secondary oocyte (immature egg), which still lies high in the uterine tube.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/prenatal-development" } ]

[ { "value": "from the mouse", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Once plugging has occurred, oocytes are harvested from the mouse and injected with the genetic material.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinjection" } ]

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[ { "text": "The secondary oocyte is a female gamete in which the first meiotic division is completed and the second has begun.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

[ { "value": "during this process", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "During this process, the maturing oocytes resume meiosis and continue until metaphase II of meiosis II, where they are again arrested just before ovulation.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": ": oogonia (46 chromosomes) ® primary oocyte (46 chromosomes) ® secondary oocyte (23 chromosomes)", "source": "https://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb32/Miller%20notes-Reproduction" } ]

[ { "value": "themselves", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "as possessing human life", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "To accurately see why a sperm or an oocyte are considered as only possessing human life, and not as living human beings themselves, one needs to look at the basic scientific facts involved in the processes of gametogenesis and of fertilization.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "Secondary Oocyte (n) - [Meiosis II]", "source": "https://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch9meiosisnotes.html" } ]

[ { "value": "unequally", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Each primary oocyte divides twice in meiosis, unequally in each case.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

[ { "value": "in human fetal oogenesis", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In human fetal oogenesis, all developing oocytes develop to this stage and are arrested in prophase I before birth.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygotene" } ]

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[ { "text": "Oocytes are formed in the ovaries, a part of female reproductive system.", "source": "https://www.diffen.com/difference/Gamete_vs_Zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "from these", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "From these, several thousand oocytes are derived, several hundred of which mature and are liberated (ovulated) during a reproductive period of some thirty years.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "\"Immature oocytes are arrested at prophase I of the meiotic process and maturation onset is indicated by oocyte nuclear disassembly (germinal vesicle breakdown or GVBD).", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "with 46 chromosomes", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Furthermore, a sperm can produce only \"sperm\" proteins and enzymes; an oocyte can produce only \"oocyte\" proteins and enzymes; neither alone is or can produce a human being with 46 chromosomes.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "Process of oogonia mature into oocytes (ova, ovum, egg)", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

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[ { "text": "> 1 Mb, we observed steeper (~s−1.5) decay in oocyte P c (s), closer to the random walks of yeast chromosomes12,13,14.", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "During oogenesis, 15 nurse cells die for every oocyte that is produced.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_cells" } ]

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[ { "text": "reads in each single oocyte (known to be diploid after the first polar body has been extruded), and defined the mean value of all the ratios calculated in MII oocytes, which were assumed to be diploid (2N).", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/cr201782" } ]

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[ { "text": "�the production of oogonia from primitive germ cells, which in turn become primary oocytes, which become definitive oocytes only at puberty.", "source": "https://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/articles/wdhbb.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The oocyte and spermatozoon nuclei (each containing 23 chromosomes) unite in the course of the fusion of their genetic material and thus form the zygote (46 chromosomes).", "source": "http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/fplacenta/fecond01.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "luteum secondary oocyte encased in zona pellucida and corona radiata", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Fertilization" } ]

[ { "value": "in the uterine tube", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "Active movements first bring some spermatozoa into contact with follicle cells adhering to the secondary oocyte (immature egg), which still lies high in the uterine tube.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/prenatal-development" } ]

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[ { "text": "Next, we investigated the spatial reorganization of chromatin during the transition from transcriptionally active immature oocytes (non-surrounded nucleolus, NSN) into transcriptionally inactive mature", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "c, Example contact map from a single oocyte (cell 1).", "source": "https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21711" } ]

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[ { "text": "Dizygotic twins (fraternal, non-identical) arise from separate fertilization events involving two separate oocyte (egg, ova) and spermatozoa (sperm).", "source": "https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Lecture_-_Week_1_and_2_Development" } ]

[ { "value": "to daughter cells", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 2 }, { "value": "with distinct developmental fates", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "to the eight-celled proembryo", "type": "TRANSITIVE-OBJECT", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The first three divisions in the apical cell, which give rise to the eight-celled proembryo, are numbered, (d-h)", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zygote" }, { "text": "Divisions in the apical cell give rise to the embryo proper, which goes through several, but continuous, developmental stages, an eight-celled proembryo is followed by globular, heart-shaped, and torpedo stages (Fig. 1-3).", "source": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/zygote" }, { "text": "Other important mechanisms fall under the category of asymmetric cell divisions, divisions that give rise to daughter cells with distinct developmental fates.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" }, { "text": "These divisions give rise to daughter cells, which have distinct developmental fates.", "source": "https://biologywise.com/cell-differentiation" }, { "text": "Asymmetric divisions of these embryonic cells gives rise to one cell of the same potency (self-renewal), and another that maybe of the same potency or stimulated to further differentiate into specialized cell types such as neurons.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_cell_division" }, { "text": "The division of the basal cell gives rise to the suspensor, which eventually makes connection with the maternal tissue.", "source": "https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/double-fertilization/" }, { "text": "The division of the basal cell gives rise to the suspensor, which eventually makes connection with the maternal tissue.", "source": "https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/32%3A_Plant_Reproductive_Development_and_Structure/32.2%3A_Pollination_and_Fertilization/32.2D%3A_Double_Fertilization_in_Plants" } ]

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[ { "text": "The diploid zygote proceeds by mitotic division to build a new entirely diploid organism.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" }, { "text": "The diploid zygote proceeds by mitotic division to build a new entirely diploid organism.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" }, { "text": "It undergoes mitotic division to two daughter cells, which then divide again and again.", "source": "https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-process-of-zygote-to-embryo-to-fetus" }, { "text": "In a mature ascus containing eight ascospores, pairs of adjacent spores are identical in genetic constitution, since the last division is mitotic, and since the ascospores are contained in the ascus sac that holds them in a definite order determined by the direction of nuclear segregations during meiosis.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi" }, { "text": "The zygote divides by mitotic division and grows into a multicellular, diploid sporophyte.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_reproduction" } ]

[ { "value": "before meiosis", "type": "TEMPORAL", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The amount of cells and how rapid these divisions take place is known as morphokinetics.", "source": "https://www.invitra.com/en/differences-between-a-zygote-an-embryo-and-a-fetus/" }, { "text": "In order for asymmetric division to take place the mother cell must be polarized, and the mitotic spindle must be aligned with the axis of polarity.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_cell_division" }, { "text": "The antithetic theory states that the multiple mitotic divisions that take place before meiosis, cause the development of the sporophyte.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology" } ]

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[ { "text": "These cellular divisions are asynchronous.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleavage_%28embryo%29" }, { "text": "However, if the number of blastomeres in the cellular mass is not even, then the division should be asynchronous such that the sizes of the cells best support the mass's specific stage of differentiation.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomere" } ]

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[ { "text": "After approximately 30 hours from the time of fertilization, fusion of the pronuclei and immediate mitotic division produce two 2n diploid daughter cells called blastomeres.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygote" }, { "text": "After approximately 30 hours, fusion of the pronuclei and subsequent mitotic division produce two 2n diploid daughter cells called blastomeres.", "source": "https://fertilitypedia.org/edu/reproductive-cells/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "These early divisions produce separate cells called blastomeres.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/cleavage-embryo" }, { "text": "…divisions produce separate cells called blastomeres.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/blastomere" } ]

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[ { "text": "This zygotic division produces blastomeres which later make up the hollow sphere known as the blastula.", "source": "https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/embryonic-differentiation-animals" }, { "text": "Here, the embryo divides without growth and undergoes cleavage divisions that produce blastomeres (separate cells).", "source": "https://www.microscopemaster.com/cell-differentiation.html" } ]

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[ { "text": "The first division of the zygote forms two cells, the next four, the next eight, and so on.", "source": "https://answersdrive.com/is-a-zygote-diploid-or-haploid-205824" }, { "text": "The first division of the zygote forms two cells, the next four, the next eight, and so on.", "source": "https://answersdrive.com/what-is-a-zygote-and-how-it-is-formed-3188124" } ]

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[ { "text": "During this process, the total size of the embryo does not increase, so each division results in smaller and smaller cells.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomere" } ]

[ { "value": "in this species", "type": "OTHER", "support": 1 }, { "value": "to the axis of the archegonium", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 }, { "value": "by the first partition wall", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 }, { "value": "at the right angles", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In this species, the first division of zygote produces two equal hemispheric cells by the first partition wall at the right angles to the axis of the archegonium.", "source": "https://sentencedict.com/zygote.html" } ]

[ { "value": "distinctly", "type": "MANNER", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "This first division produces two distinctly different blastomeres, termed AB and P1.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_cell_division" } ]

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[ { "text": "These mitotic divisions continue and result in a grouping of cells called blastomeres.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomere" } ]

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[ { "text": "The 46 chromosomes undergo changes prior to the mitotic division which leads to the formation of the embryo having two cells.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryogenesis" } ]

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[ { "text": "As it travels, the zygote undergoes cleavage, a rapid series of mitotic divisions that result in a multicellular embryo.", "source": "https://www.dummies.com/education/science/biology/human-biology-fertilization-through-birth/" } ]

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[ { "text": "The first division occurs about 30 hours after fertilization.", "source": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/zygote" } ]

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[ { "text": "The first division produces two identical cells, the second produces four cells, the third produces eight cells, etc.", "source": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/biology-and-genetics/genetics-and-genetic-engineering/zygote" } ]

[ { "value": "in the pines", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "In the pines a further division gives four tiers of four cells.", "source": "https://www.britannica.com/science/plant-development/Early-development-from-zygote-to-seedling" } ]

[ { "value": "outside the morula", "type": "LOCATION", "support": 1 } ]

[ { "text": "The asymmetric division of epigenetic information during these first two cleavages, and the orientation and order in which they occur, may contribute to a cell’s position either inside or outside the morula.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_cell_mass" } ]

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[ { "text": "The asymmetric division in these cells is regulated by cancer niche (microenvironment) and Wnt pathway.", "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_cell_division" } ]