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3,113 | How to Avoid Making Enemies | 1. Building Positive Relationships
1-1. Demonstrate interest in others.
People often go through life without considering how their demeanor will appear to or affect others. Go out of your way to show people that you see them as your equal and care about them.
Ask a lot of questions when you meet new people and use eye contact to show that you’re engaged.
Express to people that you’re impressed with their achievements and skills.
1-2. Encourage people to express their opinions and ideas.
This will demonstrate that you value their intelligence and insight.
Bring up subjects of interest and ask what they think about them. While you will be controlling the conversation, you will also be demonstrating that you value what they have to say.
1-3. Exude kindness.
Kindness is the best way to disarm people that may not like you and set a civilized tone for disagreements. Studies show that kindness is one of the most powerful tools of persuasion.
Be polite no matter what, especially during disagreements.
Be aware of common, unintentionally rude behavior. For example, don’t talk over people and don’t patronize or talk down to them.
Give a lot of compliments when breaking the ice or experiencing a lull in a conversation. If you like someone’s clothing or find them interesting or intelligent, express that.
Consider your body language during conversations. Smiling and maintaining eye contact will express kindness and positivity to those around you.
1-4. Manage your boundaries.
It’s just as important for your emotional intelligence to understand what causes you to feel upset and disagreeable as it is to understand what causes this for others. A lot of poor personal relationships stem from mismatched expectations and a failure to honestly articulate them.
If you feel that someone is overly familiar or makes you uncomfortable with their behavior, express this in a forthright and polite manner. Avoid the temptation to simply ignore them or send non-verbal signals because they can be easily misinterpreted or overlooked.
If you feel someone is patronizing towards you, politely tell them you appreciate their explanation while also signaling that you have your own knowledge on the subject.
2. Defusing Confrontations
2-1. Suggest a break.
Before you can deal with a disagreement or confrontation in a productive way, you need to diffuse emotions that can serve as a distraction. People will often feel anger and anxiety during confrontations which harms their ability to reason and consider the consequences of what they say.
If you notice that someone is particularly angry with you, suggest that you take a few moments to be apart and set a time to get back together to discuss your issues.
Say something like “I think we should take some time to cool off before we discuss this further.”
Take some time away from the confrontation and think about something completely unrelated that makes you happy. Imagine yourself on a beach or practice a hobby. By the time you come back to your issue, you’ll have a more positive perspective.
2-2. Keep your cool.
You’ll never be able to completely control how other people feel about you but you can control your reactions. By maintaining your composure, a conflict is less likely to escalate and will have a less detrimental effect on you. You may also find that you make better and less emotional decisions when you’re composed.
Taking a deep breath or counting to ten are great ways to calm yourself and remove the reactive emotions that can be detrimental.
Take as much time as you need, even if that means days or weeks.
2-3. Understand their perspective.
It can be very difficult to relate to someone you’re actively disagreeing with. Take a moment to place yourself in their shoes and try your best to understand why they feel the way they do.
Even if you don’t agree with them, empathizing with their position will demonstrate humility and respect on your part. This will reduce the risk of a single confrontation turning into a sustained enmity.
It may even help to ask them to explain their perspective. Say something like “I’m trying to understand your side of this.” It’s important to remain calm and practice active listening so they feel you truly respect their perspective.
You may also want or need your position acknowledged. Understanding their perspective does not excuse them from understanding yours. Let them know if you feel like the don't understand where you're coming from, and offer to explain your stance, too.
2-4. Avoid defensiveness.
It’s easy to get caught up in a disagreement and feel like you have to stubbornly fight for your side of an argument.
Try saving your disagreements for a second conversation. This will allow the other person an opportunity to express their frustrations without interruption or the risk of escalation.
Try to genuinely reflect on criticism and look for the truth in feedback. Even if your initial impulse is to dismiss this criticism, taking a moment to consider it will prevent you from reacting defensively.
Try giving the other person the benefit of the doubt and assume their criticism is valid.
2-5. Seek outside perspectives and mediation.
A great way to get perspective on a conflict is to ask a friend or a neutral party to hear out both sides and weigh in. You and the person you are in conflict with are both more likely to remain civilized and constructive with a third party present.
If the relationship in question is significant or important to you, you may want to consider enlisting the help of a therapist to seek a mutual resolution.
3. Dealing with People that Dislike You
3-1. Maintain a constructive focus.
Sometimes you can’t control whether or not other people like you and you simply have to manage the situation and keep it from getting worse. If you develop an unpleasant relationship that can’t be avoided, stay focused on what matters whether it’s work, a school project or common interests. Use these subjects to prevent the bickering and unpleasantness from cropping up.
Try initiating a conversation about a subject that has nothing to do with your conflict. You may find that other subjects will reestablish the more agreeable aspects of your relationship and create a more positive focus when you return to the conflicted subject.
It may help to clear the air so the other person understands you’re refocusing on more constructive subjects. Say something like “I know you’re upset with me but I think we should stay focused on what’s most important.”
3-2. Start an honest conversation about your differences.
If you don’t understand why someone dislikes you, ask them politely and directly. You may find that the problems are simply based on miscommunication and all you needed was to clear the air.
Say something like “I would like to better understand your concerns and ensure that you better understand mine.”
It might help to do this in a public place where they are less likely to react with extreme emotions.
3-3. Learn to forgive.
Even if you’ve been wronged, holding onto your frustration will not be helpful. Hurt feelings can often lead to problems in future confrontations so deal with your emotions first. Forgiveness will reduce your anxiety associated with the situation and help you move on.
Forgiving doesn’t necessarily mean forgetting. If problematic behavior is repeated, your relationship might just be toxic and worth severing.
It might be difficult to forgive in a situation where there has been no acknowledgement or apology. That does not mean that you should hold grudges, though.
3-4. Initiate reconciliation.
Tense relationships often fester because neither party is willing to step up and make things better. You may find that this person was just waiting for an opportunity to make things better.
Ask “What can we do to get past our problems?” Invite them to get their grievances off their chest.
3-5. Avoid them.
Not all relationships can be fixed or even ameliorated. Hostility and conflict aren’t good for anyone and if they become inevitable, the best thing to do is create space.
Say something like “I don’t think our relationship is good for either one of us. We should take some time apart or just avoid each other.”
Depending upon the situation, you may want to inform a few close friends that you are taking time apart from that person to avoid a potentially difficult situation.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:16",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Building Positive Relationships\\n1-1. Demonstrate interest in others.\\nPeople often go through life without considering how their demeanor will appear to or affect others. Go out of your way to show people that you see them as your equal and care about them.\\nAsk a lot of questions when you meet new people and use eye contact to show that you’re engaged.\\nExpress to people that you’re impressed with their achievements and skills.\\n1-2. Encourage people to express their opinions and ideas.\\nThis will demonstrate that you value their intelligence and insight.\\nBring up subjects of interest and ask what they think about them. While you will be controlling the conversation, you will also be demonstrating that you value what they have to say.\\n1-3. Exude kindness.\\nKindness is the best way to disarm people that may not like you and set a civilized tone for disagreements. Studies show that kindness is one of the most powerful tools of persuasion.\\nBe polite no matter what, especially during disagreements.\\nBe aware of common, unintentionally rude behavior. For example, don’t talk over people and don’t patronize or talk down to them.\\nGive a lot of compliments when breaking the ice or experiencing a lull in a conversation. If you like someone’s clothing or find them interesting or intelligent, express that.\\nConsider your body language during conversations. Smiling and maintaining eye contact will express kindness and positivity to those around you.\\n1-4. Manage your boundaries.\\nIt’s just as important for your emotional intelligence to understand what causes you to feel upset and disagreeable as it is to understand what causes this for others. A lot of poor personal relationships stem from mismatched expectations and a failure to honestly articulate them.\\nIf you feel that someone is overly familiar or makes you uncomfortable with their behavior, express this in a forthright and polite manner. Avoid the temptation to simply ignore them or send non-verbal signals because they can be easily misinterpreted or overlooked.\\nIf you feel someone is patronizing towards you, politely tell them you appreciate their explanation while also signaling that you have your own knowledge on the subject.\\n2. Defusing Confrontations\\n2-1. Suggest a break.\\nBefore you can deal with a disagreement or confrontation in a productive way, you need to diffuse emotions that can serve as a distraction. People will often feel anger and anxiety during confrontations which harms their ability to reason and consider the consequences of what they say.\\nIf you notice that someone is particularly angry with you, suggest that you take a few moments to be apart and set a time to get back together to discuss your issues.\\nSay something like “I think we should take some time to cool off before we discuss this further.”\\nTake some time away from the confrontation and think about something completely unrelated that makes you happy. Imagine yourself on a beach or practice a hobby. By the time you come back to your issue, you’ll have a more positive perspective.\\n2-2. Keep your cool.\\nYou’ll never be able to completely control how other people feel about you but you can control your reactions. By maintaining your composure, a conflict is less likely to escalate and will have a less detrimental effect on you. You may also find that you make better and less emotional decisions when you’re composed.\\nTaking a deep breath or counting to ten are great ways to calm yourself and remove the reactive emotions that can be detrimental.\\nTake as much time as you need, even if that means days or weeks.\\n2-3. Understand their perspective.\\nIt can be very difficult to relate to someone you’re actively disagreeing with. Take a moment to place yourself in their shoes and try your best to understand why they feel the way they do.\\nEven if you don’t agree with them, empathizing with their position will demonstrate humility and respect on your part. This will reduce the risk of a single confrontation turning into a sustained enmity.\\nIt may even help to ask them to explain their perspective. Say something like “I’m trying to understand your side of this.” It’s important to remain calm and practice active listening so they feel you truly respect their perspective.\\nYou may also want or need your position acknowledged. Understanding their perspective does not excuse them from understanding yours. Let them know if you feel like the don't understand where you're coming from, and offer to explain your stance, too.\\n2-4. Avoid defensiveness.\\nIt’s easy to get caught up in a disagreement and feel like you have to stubbornly fight for your side of an argument.\\nTry saving your disagreements for a second conversation. This will allow the other person an opportunity to express their frustrations without interruption or the risk of escalation.\\nTry to genuinely reflect on criticism and look for the truth in feedback. Even if your initial impulse is to dismiss this criticism, taking a moment to consider it will prevent you from reacting defensively.\\nTry giving the other person the benefit of the doubt and assume their criticism is valid.\\n2-5. Seek outside perspectives and mediation.\\nA great way to get perspective on a conflict is to ask a friend or a neutral party to hear out both sides and weigh in. You and the person you are in conflict with are both more likely to remain civilized and constructive with a third party present.\\nIf the relationship in question is significant or important to you, you may want to consider enlisting the help of a therapist to seek a mutual resolution.\\n3. Dealing with People that Dislike You\\n3-1. Maintain a constructive focus.\\nSometimes you can’t control whether or not other people like you and you simply have to manage the situation and keep it from getting worse. If you develop an unpleasant relationship that can’t be avoided, stay focused on what matters whether it’s work, a school project or common interests. Use these subjects to prevent the bickering and unpleasantness from cropping up.\\nTry initiating a conversation about a subject that has nothing to do with your conflict. You may find that other subjects will reestablish the more agreeable aspects of your relationship and create a more positive focus when you return to the conflicted subject.\\nIt may help to clear the air so the other person understands you’re refocusing on more constructive subjects. Say something like “I know you’re upset with me but I think we should stay focused on what’s most important.”\\n3-2. Start an honest conversation about your differences.\\nIf you don’t understand why someone dislikes you, ask them politely and directly. You may find that the problems are simply based on miscommunication and all you needed was to clear the air.\\nSay something like “I would like to better understand your concerns and ensure that you better understand mine.”\\nIt might help to do this in a public place where they are less likely to react with extreme emotions.\\n3-3. Learn to forgive.\\nEven if you’ve been wronged, holding onto your frustration will not be helpful. Hurt feelings can often lead to problems in future confrontations so deal with your emotions first. Forgiveness will reduce your anxiety associated with the situation and help you move on.\\nForgiving doesn’t necessarily mean forgetting. If problematic behavior is repeated, your relationship might just be toxic and worth severing.\\nIt might be difficult to forgive in a situation where there has been no acknowledgement or apology. That does not mean that you should hold grudges, though.\\n3-4. Initiate reconciliation.\\nTense relationships often fester because neither party is willing to step up and make things better. You may find that this person was just waiting for an opportunity to make things better.\\nAsk “What can we do to get past our problems?” Invite them to get their grievances off their chest.\\n3-5. Avoid them.\\nNot all relationships can be fixed or even ameliorated. Hostility and conflict aren’t good for anyone and if they become inevitable, the best thing to do is create space.\\nSay something like “I don’t think our relationship is good for either one of us. We should take some time apart or just avoid each other.”\\nDepending upon the situation, you may want to inform a few close friends that you are taking time apart from that person to avoid a potentially difficult situation.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Relationships at work, school or in your personal life can go bad. Disagreements can spiral out into lasting antagonism or some people may simply determine that they dislike something about you. Everyone inevitably experiences one of these unpleasant relationships at some point in their lives and they can be draining. However, you don’t have to let them turn into full-blown enmity. By confronting the unpleasantness and being proactive about building positive relationships, you can do your best to avoid making enemies.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Building Positive Relationships\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate interest in others.\", \"描述\": \"People often go through life without considering how their demeanor will appear to or affect others. Go out of your way to show people that you see them as your equal and care about them.\\nAsk a lot of questions when you meet new people and use eye contact to show that you’re engaged.\\nExpress to people that you’re impressed with their achievements and skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Encourage people to express their opinions and ideas.\", \"描述\": \"This will demonstrate that you value their intelligence and insight.\\nBring up subjects of interest and ask what they think about them. While you will be controlling the conversation, you will also be demonstrating that you value what they have to say.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Exude kindness.\", \"描述\": \"Kindness is the best way to disarm people that may not like you and set a civilized tone for disagreements. Studies show that kindness is one of the most powerful tools of persuasion.\\nBe polite no matter what, especially during disagreements.\\nBe aware of common, unintentionally rude behavior. For example, don’t talk over people and don’t patronize or talk down to them.\\nGive a lot of compliments when breaking the ice or experiencing a lull in a conversation. If you like someone’s clothing or find them interesting or intelligent, express that.\\nConsider your body language during conversations. Smiling and maintaining eye contact will express kindness and positivity to those around you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Manage your boundaries.\", \"描述\": \"It’s just as important for your emotional intelligence to understand what causes you to feel upset and disagreeable as it is to understand what causes this for others. A lot of poor personal relationships stem from mismatched expectations and a failure to honestly articulate them.\\nIf you feel that someone is overly familiar or makes you uncomfortable with their behavior, express this in a forthright and polite manner. Avoid the temptation to simply ignore them or send non-verbal signals because they can be easily misinterpreted or overlooked.\\nIf you feel someone is patronizing towards you, politely tell them you appreciate their explanation while also signaling that you have your own knowledge on the subject.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Defusing Confrontations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Suggest a break.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can deal with a disagreement or confrontation in a productive way, you need to diffuse emotions that can serve as a distraction. People will often feel anger and anxiety during confrontations which harms their ability to reason and consider the consequences of what they say.\\nIf you notice that someone is particularly angry with you, suggest that you take a few moments to be apart and set a time to get back together to discuss your issues.\\nSay something like “I think we should take some time to cool off before we discuss this further.”\\nTake some time away from the confrontation and think about something completely unrelated that makes you happy. Imagine yourself on a beach or practice a hobby. By the time you come back to your issue, you’ll have a more positive perspective.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep your cool.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll never be able to completely control how other people feel about you but you can control your reactions. By maintaining your composure, a conflict is less likely to escalate and will have a less detrimental effect on you. You may also find that you make better and less emotional decisions when you’re composed.\\nTaking a deep breath or counting to ten are great ways to calm yourself and remove the reactive emotions that can be detrimental.\\nTake as much time as you need, even if that means days or weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand their perspective.\", \"描述\": \"It can be very difficult to relate to someone you’re actively disagreeing with. Take a moment to place yourself in their shoes and try your best to understand why they feel the way they do.\\nEven if you don’t agree with them, empathizing with their position will demonstrate humility and respect on your part. This will reduce the risk of a single confrontation turning into a sustained enmity.\\nIt may even help to ask them to explain their perspective. Say something like “I’m trying to understand your side of this.” It’s important to remain calm and practice active listening so they feel you truly respect their perspective.\\nYou may also want or need your position acknowledged. Understanding their perspective does not excuse them from understanding yours. Let them know if you feel like the don't understand where you're coming from, and offer to explain your stance, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid defensiveness.\", \"描述\": \"It’s easy to get caught up in a disagreement and feel like you have to stubbornly fight for your side of an argument.\\nTry saving your disagreements for a second conversation. This will allow the other person an opportunity to express their frustrations without interruption or the risk of escalation.\\nTry to genuinely reflect on criticism and look for the truth in feedback. Even if your initial impulse is to dismiss this criticism, taking a moment to consider it will prevent you from reacting defensively.\\nTry giving the other person the benefit of the doubt and assume their criticism is valid.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seek outside perspectives and mediation.\", \"描述\": \"A great way to get perspective on a conflict is to ask a friend or a neutral party to hear out both sides and weigh in. You and the person you are in conflict with are both more likely to remain civilized and constructive with a third party present.\\nIf the relationship in question is significant or important to you, you may want to consider enlisting the help of a therapist to seek a mutual resolution.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Dealing with People that Dislike You\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintain a constructive focus.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes you can’t control whether or not other people like you and you simply have to manage the situation and keep it from getting worse. If you develop an unpleasant relationship that can’t be avoided, stay focused on what matters whether it’s work, a school project or common interests. Use these subjects to prevent the bickering and unpleasantness from cropping up.\\nTry initiating a conversation about a subject that has nothing to do with your conflict. You may find that other subjects will reestablish the more agreeable aspects of your relationship and create a more positive focus when you return to the conflicted subject.\\nIt may help to clear the air so the other person understands you’re refocusing on more constructive subjects. Say something like “I know you’re upset with me but I think we should stay focused on what’s most important.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start an honest conversation about your differences.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t understand why someone dislikes you, ask them politely and directly. You may find that the problems are simply based on miscommunication and all you needed was to clear the air.\\nSay something like “I would like to better understand your concerns and ensure that you better understand mine.”\\nIt might help to do this in a public place where they are less likely to react with extreme emotions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn to forgive.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you’ve been wronged, holding onto your frustration will not be helpful. Hurt feelings can often lead to problems in future confrontations so deal with your emotions first. Forgiveness will reduce your anxiety associated with the situation and help you move on.\\nForgiving doesn’t necessarily mean forgetting. If problematic behavior is repeated, your relationship might just be toxic and worth severing.\\nIt might be difficult to forgive in a situation where there has been no acknowledgement or apology. That does not mean that you should hold grudges, though.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Initiate reconciliation.\", \"描述\": \"Tense relationships often fester because neither party is willing to step up and make things better. You may find that this person was just waiting for an opportunity to make things better.\\nAsk “What can we do to get past our problems?” Invite them to get their grievances off their chest.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid them.\", \"描述\": \"Not all relationships can be fixed or even ameliorated. Hostility and conflict aren’t good for anyone and if they become inevitable, the best thing to do is create space.\\nSay something like “I don’t think our relationship is good for either one of us. We should take some time apart or just avoid each other.”\\nDepending upon the situation, you may want to inform a few close friends that you are taking time apart from that person to avoid a potentially difficult situation.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,114 | How to Avoid Making Your Microwave Catch on Fire | 1. Avoiding Known Fire-Starters
1-1. Don't put metal in your microwave.
Any kind of metal will spark in a microwave, which can cause a fire very quickly. Metal objects that should not go in the microwave include, but are not limited to:
Pots and pans
Silverware
Plates, bowls, or cups with metal or metal trims
Metal cans
Takeout containers with metal handles
1-2. Avoid microwaving aluminum foil.
Aluminum foil is a type of metal, so it's not safe to put in your microwave. If your food is wrapped in aluminum foil, unwrap it and put it on a plate before putting it in the microwave.
1-3. Only put microwave-safe plastic into your microwave.
Styrofoam, regular plastic wrap, and some plastic containers will heat up and melt in the microwave, which can start a fire (and transfer chemicals into your food). Check if the plastic is microwave-safe before putting it in the microwave; if it's not, transfer it to another container.
Don't microwave single-use containers, like yogurt cups or margarine tubs. They're not designed for reuse and will melt.
Do not microwave plastic bags or trash bags.
1-4. Be cautious with paper products.
Some paper products can go in a microwave; others will start a fire. Like with plastics, check if they're microwave-safe before putting them in the microwave.
Things like wax paper, parchment paper, and paper towels are safe if they're specifically labeled as microwave-safe.
Recycled paper can be dangerous, because it can have very small pieces of metal in the paper. Always make sure the product is microwave-safe beforehand.
Plain brown paper bags are not microwave-safe and will catch fire.
Cardboard is also unsafe to microwave.
1-5. Check if food or drink containers are microwave-safe.
Not every container can be safely microwaved. While glass and ceramic containers are not as much of a risk (since they don't burn or catch fire easily), plastic containers can melt and catch fire. If you're not sure if something is microwave-safe, check the bottom of the container; microwave-safe containers will be labeled as such.
This applies to Tupperware, travel mugs, and any dish coverings you might use.
Metal or aluminum containers are not safe to put in your microwave.
1-6. Don't microwave grapes or chili peppers.
While this might seem odd, grapes and chili peppers will actually catch fire in the microwave. Grapes, when touching each other, will spark in the microwave and could start a fire. And chili peppers contain capsaicin, which is flammable when microwaved - and capsaicin also becomes airborne, meaning you'll get a spicy spray to the face when you open the microwave.
1-7. Avoid putting non-food objects in your microwave.
While it might seem obvious, things like clothes, phones, dry sponges, and matches are not meant to be put in a microwave. These can damage your microwave and could potentially start a fire. If you're not sure whether something can safely go in your microwave, don't microwave it.
There are some non-food objects that can be safely microwaved if you know what you're doing, like CDs, but these can still damage your microwave. Only microwave non-food objects if you know how to do it safely.
1-8. Never use the microwave when there's no food inside.
If you run the microwave with nothing inside it, there's no food to absorb the energy, so the microwave is absorbing its own energy. While some microwaves are built to better withstand this, other microwaves can be severely damaged by this, and can catch fire.
If you want to set a timer, look for the Timer option on your microwave, or use a physical timer (or your phone).
2. Practicing Safety Strategies
2-1. Read the manufacturer's guide.
The manufacturer's guide of included with your microwave can give you more information on microwave safety and what you should and shouldn't do with that specific microwave.
2-2. Keep the area around the microwave clear.
If the vents are blocked, it will trap heat, and a fire could start. Make sure there are no objects near or up against the microwave, and don't place things on top of the microwave.
2-3. Never leave the microwave unattended.
This is especially important if you're heating up meals that take longer than three minutes. The longer the food cooks, the more likely it is to burn or catch fire.
2-4. Check the directions when microwaving foods.
If you're heating up a microwave meal or popcorn, check the packaging before you put it in the microwave. You don't want to set the food on fire by leaving it in for too long, and some microwave meals need part of the packaging removed. Directions are usually placed on the box or the packaging of the food itself.
2-5. Keep young children away from the microwave.
Young children can turn on the microwave for a long time, or unknowingly put dangerous things into a microwave. If you live with children, explain to them that they should not use the microwave unless an adult is there to supervise them.
Elementary-aged and older children can typically be taught how to safely use the microwave.
If possible, place the microwave higher up so young children are unable to reach it.
2-6. Refrain from using the microwave if the power cords are damaged.
If something is wrong with your microwave's power cord or the outlet it's plugged into, it could spark and cause a fire. Be sure all power cords and plugs are functioning properly and that the cord is intact.
2-7. Don't try to fix a broken microwave yourself.
Microwaves have multiple electrical components that can be easily damaged if you don't know what you're doing. If you try to fix a broken microwave and damage something in the process, the microwave could catch fire when it's next used.
2-8. Know how to react if your microwave does catch on fire.
If something goes wrong, and your microwave catches fire, it's important to stay calm. Shut off the microwave and/or unplug it immediately, and do not open the door. Most fires will die out on their own once the microwave is off.
Do not open the microwave if there's a fire. Opening the door will give it oxygen and will make the fire worse. Wait until the fire dies out.
If the fire doesn't stop or starts to spread, leave your house and call emergency services.
Tips
If in doubt, microwave for less time. You can always put the food back in.
Check your microwave regularly to make sure it's in good shape. It should heat up properly and should not make strange sounds. If you notice something wrong with the microwave, do not use it until it is fixed.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Known Fire-Starters\\n1-1. Don't put metal in your microwave.\\nAny kind of metal will spark in a microwave, which can cause a fire very quickly. Metal objects that should not go in the microwave include, but are not limited to:\\nPots and pans\\nSilverware\\nPlates, bowls, or cups with metal or metal trims\\nMetal cans\\nTakeout containers with metal handles\\n1-2. Avoid microwaving aluminum foil.\\nAluminum foil is a type of metal, so it's not safe to put in your microwave. If your food is wrapped in aluminum foil, unwrap it and put it on a plate before putting it in the microwave.\\n1-3. Only put microwave-safe plastic into your microwave.\\nStyrofoam, regular plastic wrap, and some plastic containers will heat up and melt in the microwave, which can start a fire (and transfer chemicals into your food). Check if the plastic is microwave-safe before putting it in the microwave; if it's not, transfer it to another container.\\nDon't microwave single-use containers, like yogurt cups or margarine tubs. They're not designed for reuse and will melt.\\nDo not microwave plastic bags or trash bags.\\n1-4. Be cautious with paper products.\\nSome paper products can go in a microwave; others will start a fire. Like with plastics, check if they're microwave-safe before putting them in the microwave.\\nThings like wax paper, parchment paper, and paper towels are safe if they're specifically labeled as microwave-safe.\\nRecycled paper can be dangerous, because it can have very small pieces of metal in the paper. Always make sure the product is microwave-safe beforehand.\\nPlain brown paper bags are not microwave-safe and will catch fire.\\nCardboard is also unsafe to microwave.\\n1-5. Check if food or drink containers are microwave-safe.\\nNot every container can be safely microwaved. While glass and ceramic containers are not as much of a risk (since they don't burn or catch fire easily), plastic containers can melt and catch fire. If you're not sure if something is microwave-safe, check the bottom of the container; microwave-safe containers will be labeled as such.\\nThis applies to Tupperware, travel mugs, and any dish coverings you might use.\\nMetal or aluminum containers are not safe to put in your microwave.\\n1-6. Don't microwave grapes or chili peppers.\\nWhile this might seem odd, grapes and chili peppers will actually catch fire in the microwave. Grapes, when touching each other, will spark in the microwave and could start a fire. And chili peppers contain capsaicin, which is flammable when microwaved - and capsaicin also becomes airborne, meaning you'll get a spicy spray to the face when you open the microwave.\\n1-7. Avoid putting non-food objects in your microwave.\\nWhile it might seem obvious, things like clothes, phones, dry sponges, and matches are not meant to be put in a microwave. These can damage your microwave and could potentially start a fire. If you're not sure whether something can safely go in your microwave, don't microwave it.\\nThere are some non-food objects that can be safely microwaved if you know what you're doing, like CDs, but these can still damage your microwave. Only microwave non-food objects if you know how to do it safely.\\n1-8. Never use the microwave when there's no food inside.\\nIf you run the microwave with nothing inside it, there's no food to absorb the energy, so the microwave is absorbing its own energy. While some microwaves are built to better withstand this, other microwaves can be severely damaged by this, and can catch fire.\\nIf you want to set a timer, look for the Timer option on your microwave, or use a physical timer (or your phone).\\n2. Practicing Safety Strategies\\n2-1. Read the manufacturer's guide.\\nThe manufacturer's guide of included with your microwave can give you more information on microwave safety and what you should and shouldn't do with that specific microwave.\\n2-2. Keep the area around the microwave clear.\\nIf the vents are blocked, it will trap heat, and a fire could start. Make sure there are no objects near or up against the microwave, and don't place things on top of the microwave.\\n2-3. Never leave the microwave unattended.\\nThis is especially important if you're heating up meals that take longer than three minutes. The longer the food cooks, the more likely it is to burn or catch fire.\\n2-4. Check the directions when microwaving foods.\\nIf you're heating up a microwave meal or popcorn, check the packaging before you put it in the microwave. You don't want to set the food on fire by leaving it in for too long, and some microwave meals need part of the packaging removed. Directions are usually placed on the box or the packaging of the food itself.\\n2-5. Keep young children away from the microwave.\\nYoung children can turn on the microwave for a long time, or unknowingly put dangerous things into a microwave. If you live with children, explain to them that they should not use the microwave unless an adult is there to supervise them.\\nElementary-aged and older children can typically be taught how to safely use the microwave.\\nIf possible, place the microwave higher up so young children are unable to reach it.\\n2-6. Refrain from using the microwave if the power cords are damaged.\\nIf something is wrong with your microwave's power cord or the outlet it's plugged into, it could spark and cause a fire. Be sure all power cords and plugs are functioning properly and that the cord is intact.\\n2-7. Don't try to fix a broken microwave yourself.\\nMicrowaves have multiple electrical components that can be easily damaged if you don't know what you're doing. If you try to fix a broken microwave and damage something in the process, the microwave could catch fire when it's next used.\\n2-8. Know how to react if your microwave does catch on fire.\\nIf something goes wrong, and your microwave catches fire, it's important to stay calm. Shut off the microwave and/or unplug it immediately, and do not open the door. Most fires will die out on their own once the microwave is off.\\nDo not open the microwave if there's a fire. Opening the door will give it oxygen and will make the fire worse. Wait until the fire dies out.\\nIf the fire doesn't stop or starts to spread, leave your house and call emergency services.\\nTips\\nIf in doubt, microwave for less time. You can always put the food back in.\\nCheck your microwave regularly to make sure it's in good shape. It should heat up properly and should not make strange sounds. If you notice something wrong with the microwave, do not use it until it is fixed.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Microwaves are a quick, convenient way to heat up your food or make quick meals. However, if not careful, microwaves can pose a fire hazard. While avoiding microwave fires is often as simple as not putting certain materials in your microwave, you should also take some basic safety precautions like not leaving your microwave unattended. Thankfully, you don't need to go to great lengths to prevent microwave fires!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Known Fire-Starters\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't put metal in your microwave.\", \"描述\": \"Any kind of metal will spark in a microwave, which can cause a fire very quickly. Metal objects that should not go in the microwave include, but are not limited to:\\nPots and pans\\nSilverware\\nPlates, bowls, or cups with metal or metal trims\\nMetal cans\\nTakeout containers with metal handles\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid microwaving aluminum foil.\", \"描述\": \"Aluminum foil is a type of metal, so it's not safe to put in your microwave. If your food is wrapped in aluminum foil, unwrap it and put it on a plate before putting it in the microwave.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Only put microwave-safe plastic into your microwave.\", \"描述\": \"Styrofoam, regular plastic wrap, and some plastic containers will heat up and melt in the microwave, which can start a fire (and transfer chemicals into your food). Check if the plastic is microwave-safe before putting it in the microwave; if it's not, transfer it to another container.\\nDon't microwave single-use containers, like yogurt cups or margarine tubs. They're not designed for reuse and will melt.\\nDo not microwave plastic bags or trash bags.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be cautious with paper products.\", \"描述\": \"Some paper products can go in a microwave; others will start a fire. Like with plastics, check if they're microwave-safe before putting them in the microwave.\\nThings like wax paper, parchment paper, and paper towels are safe if they're specifically labeled as microwave-safe.\\nRecycled paper can be dangerous, because it can have very small pieces of metal in the paper. Always make sure the product is microwave-safe beforehand.\\nPlain brown paper bags are not microwave-safe and will catch fire.\\nCardboard is also unsafe to microwave.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check if food or drink containers are microwave-safe.\", \"描述\": \"Not every container can be safely microwaved. While glass and ceramic containers are not as much of a risk (since they don't burn or catch fire easily), plastic containers can melt and catch fire. If you're not sure if something is microwave-safe, check the bottom of the container; microwave-safe containers will be labeled as such.\\nThis applies to Tupperware, travel mugs, and any dish coverings you might use.\\nMetal or aluminum containers are not safe to put in your microwave.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don't microwave grapes or chili peppers.\", \"描述\": \"While this might seem odd, grapes and chili peppers will actually catch fire in the microwave. Grapes, when touching each other, will spark in the microwave and could start a fire. And chili peppers contain capsaicin, which is flammable when microwaved - and capsaicin also becomes airborne, meaning you'll get a spicy spray to the face when you open the microwave.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Avoid putting non-food objects in your microwave.\", \"描述\": \"While it might seem obvious, things like clothes, phones, dry sponges, and matches are not meant to be put in a microwave. These can damage your microwave and could potentially start a fire. If you're not sure whether something can safely go in your microwave, don't microwave it.\\nThere are some non-food objects that can be safely microwaved if you know what you're doing, like CDs, but these can still damage your microwave. Only microwave non-food objects if you know how to do it safely.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Never use the microwave when there's no food inside.\", \"描述\": \"If you run the microwave with nothing inside it, there's no food to absorb the energy, so the microwave is absorbing its own energy. While some microwaves are built to better withstand this, other microwaves can be severely damaged by this, and can catch fire.\\nIf you want to set a timer, look for the Timer option on your microwave, or use a physical timer (or your phone).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practicing Safety Strategies\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read the manufacturer's guide.\", \"描述\": \"The manufacturer's guide of included with your microwave can give you more information on microwave safety and what you should and shouldn't do with that specific microwave.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep the area around the microwave clear.\", \"描述\": \"If the vents are blocked, it will trap heat, and a fire could start. Make sure there are no objects near or up against the microwave, and don't place things on top of the microwave.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Never leave the microwave unattended.\", \"描述\": \"This is especially important if you're heating up meals that take longer than three minutes. The longer the food cooks, the more likely it is to burn or catch fire.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check the directions when microwaving foods.\", \"描述\": \"If you're heating up a microwave meal or popcorn, check the packaging before you put it in the microwave. You don't want to set the food on fire by leaving it in for too long, and some microwave meals need part of the packaging removed. Directions are usually placed on the box or the packaging of the food itself.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep young children away from the microwave.\", \"描述\": \"Young children can turn on the microwave for a long time, or unknowingly put dangerous things into a microwave. If you live with children, explain to them that they should not use the microwave unless an adult is there to supervise them.\\nElementary-aged and older children can typically be taught how to safely use the microwave.\\nIf possible, place the microwave higher up so young children are unable to reach it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Refrain from using the microwave if the power cords are damaged.\", \"描述\": \"If something is wrong with your microwave's power cord or the outlet it's plugged into, it could spark and cause a fire. Be sure all power cords and plugs are functioning properly and that the cord is intact.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Don't try to fix a broken microwave yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Microwaves have multiple electrical components that can be easily damaged if you don't know what you're doing. If you try to fix a broken microwave and damage something in the process, the microwave could catch fire when it's next used.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Know how to react if your microwave does catch on fire.\", \"描述\": \"If something goes wrong, and your microwave catches fire, it's important to stay calm. Shut off the microwave and/or unplug it immediately, and do not open the door. Most fires will die out on their own once the microwave is off.\\nDo not open the microwave if there's a fire. Opening the door will give it oxygen and will make the fire worse. Wait until the fire dies out.\\nIf the fire doesn't stop or starts to spread, leave your house and call emergency services.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If in doubt, microwave for less time. You can always put the food back in.\\n\", \"Check your microwave regularly to make sure it's in good shape. It should heat up properly and should not make strange sounds. If you notice something wrong with the microwave, do not use it until it is fixed.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,115 | How to Avoid Making a Mary Sue | 1. Knowing the Stories Well
Know your material.
Try not to go on hearsay, or what you've seen in two or three episodes. If you can't watch the whole season or read the entire series, that's what the Internet is for. Research your fandom.
2. Locating Your Character Plausibly
2-1. Avoid making your character related to a canon character.
While some canon characters have vague pasts that can be manipulated, a frequent and recognized (although not compulsory) trait of a Mary Sue is to be related in some way to a canon, especially one who has a strongly established past already. Your readers may find it hard to believe that the canon character has a sister he never mentioned or a son they don't remember.
2-2. Make your character part of the ensemble cast, maybe even a very small part.
Your original character should not constantly be the center of the universe. Let the other characters have moments away from your new character where they don't talk or think about the new character.
2-3. Let the canon characters share the spotlight with your character.
Remember why they're there. Your readers want to read about the canon characters, that's why you're writing a -fiction.
2-4. Pick a realistic name.
Make sure that your chosen name fits in with the fandom. For example, don't have a Harry Potter character called Trixiebella Arwen, or a LOTR elf called Jane. There are plenty of sites online where you can research names to make sure that they fit with your chosen fandom.
Baby name sites are a good start but avoid choosing anything too crazy. Names like "Angelica Rowanna Marybelle Devenish" are ridiculous and not realistic. Don't use traits like hair color or facial features either, as most children are named at birth.
Don't use your own name, or a variation of it. This just screams "Mary Sue" to readers.
3. Giving Your Character Flaws
3-1. Give your new character some real flaws.
Ones like impatience, obsession with looks and trouble making friends are examples of flaws within the character. They should be flaws that have real consequences for the character in his or her life and advance the story forward.
3-2. Make things hard for your new character.
One of the most annoying things about Mary Sues is how easily everything comes to them: fighting skills, special talents, strong relationships, special powers that appear just in time to save the day, etc. If your character has to struggle and deal with real problems your readers will start to feel for her. If she does everything perfectly with no real adversity, they'll start to hate her.
3-3. Avoid making the character show similar traits as your own.
If you do so, you might as well start a diary as everyone has a different personality and should have to freedom to choose what they want to do, so do not base their decisions on your personal opinions, beliefs, etc. This makes the story far more interesting and also makes the writing more of an interesting journey for you, stretching your writing abilities.
4. Developing Your Character
4-1. Give different characters different reactions to your original character.
Look at the original work you're drawing from. Do all of the protagonists always agree or act the same way? Of course not. Take the canon characters' personalities into account and craft believable reactions to and relationships with your newcomer.
4-2. Avoid letting your new character be the sole contributor to solving one of the major unresolved conflicts of the original fiction.
Give the glory to an established character or make it a real team effort.
4-3. Tread carefully around romance.
Mary Sues are constantly winning the love of a character the author really likes or fixing up two previously unattached characters the author thinks should be together. Romance is possible in fan-fiction, but give it time to make it more realistic.
4-4. Take your time.
One of the biggest flaws of Mary Sue stories is that things happen far too quickly. It will probably take a while for your new character to become really close to the canon characters, or be in a position to accomplish lots of amazing things. Go slowly. You can always write a sequel.
Tips
A good rule of the thumb is, for every two or three good traits, make a minor fault in your character. For every six to nine good traits, make a major fault. This way your character is balanced.
The inability to do something that has no influence on the character's day-to-day life or the important things she does is not a flaw. A starship pilot who can't sing very well is still a perfectly good starship pilot. A member of a family of traveling minstrels who can't sing very well has a real problem.
Flaws borne of good intentions, like "caring too much" or "trying too hard" can be legitimate flaws, provided they get your character into trouble. If your character cares deeply about one person or group of people, they may protect them to the detriment of their mission or be unable to make a decision that might harm them, but serve the greater good.
Warnings
If it seems your Original Character is a Mary Sue, just admit it. Don't try to convince yourself they aren't, because they probably are. Remember, Mary Sues can be good, if written well. Lots of popular canon characters suffer from strong Sue traits, but they still have a personality.
If someone insults your original character for being a Mary Sue, avoid taking it personally. Do review your character, and don't simply assume that they are best and that other writers are just 'jealous.'
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Knowing the Stories Well\\nKnow your material.\\nTry not to go on hearsay, or what you've seen in two or three episodes. If you can't watch the whole season or read the entire series, that's what the Internet is for. Research your fandom.\\n2. Locating Your Character Plausibly\\n2-1. Avoid making your character related to a canon character.\\nWhile some canon characters have vague pasts that can be manipulated, a frequent and recognized (although not compulsory) trait of a Mary Sue is to be related in some way to a canon, especially one who has a strongly established past already. Your readers may find it hard to believe that the canon character has a sister he never mentioned or a son they don't remember.\\n2-2. Make your character part of the ensemble cast, maybe even a very small part.\\nYour original character should not constantly be the center of the universe. Let the other characters have moments away from your new character where they don't talk or think about the new character.\\n2-3. Let the canon characters share the spotlight with your character.\\nRemember why they're there. Your readers want to read about the canon characters, that's why you're writing a -fiction.\\n2-4. Pick a realistic name.\\nMake sure that your chosen name fits in with the fandom. For example, don't have a Harry Potter character called Trixiebella Arwen, or a LOTR elf called Jane. There are plenty of sites online where you can research names to make sure that they fit with your chosen fandom.\\nBaby name sites are a good start but avoid choosing anything too crazy. Names like \\\"Angelica Rowanna Marybelle Devenish\\\" are ridiculous and not realistic. Don't use traits like hair color or facial features either, as most children are named at birth.\\nDon't use your own name, or a variation of it. This just screams \\\"Mary Sue\\\" to readers.\\n3. Giving Your Character Flaws\\n3-1. Give your new character some real flaws.\\nOnes like impatience, obsession with looks and trouble making friends are examples of flaws within the character. They should be flaws that have real consequences for the character in his or her life and advance the story forward.\\n3-2. Make things hard for your new character.\\nOne of the most annoying things about Mary Sues is how easily everything comes to them: fighting skills, special talents, strong relationships, special powers that appear just in time to save the day, etc. If your character has to struggle and deal with real problems your readers will start to feel for her. If she does everything perfectly with no real adversity, they'll start to hate her.\\n3-3. Avoid making the character show similar traits as your own.\\nIf you do so, you might as well start a diary as everyone has a different personality and should have to freedom to choose what they want to do, so do not base their decisions on your personal opinions, beliefs, etc. This makes the story far more interesting and also makes the writing more of an interesting journey for you, stretching your writing abilities.\\n4. Developing Your Character\\n4-1. Give different characters different reactions to your original character.\\nLook at the original work you're drawing from. Do all of the protagonists always agree or act the same way? Of course not. Take the canon characters' personalities into account and craft believable reactions to and relationships with your newcomer.\\n4-2. Avoid letting your new character be the sole contributor to solving one of the major unresolved conflicts of the original fiction.\\nGive the glory to an established character or make it a real team effort.\\n4-3. Tread carefully around romance.\\nMary Sues are constantly winning the love of a character the author really likes or fixing up two previously unattached characters the author thinks should be together. Romance is possible in fan-fiction, but give it time to make it more realistic.\\n4-4. Take your time.\\nOne of the biggest flaws of Mary Sue stories is that things happen far too quickly. It will probably take a while for your new character to become really close to the canon characters, or be in a position to accomplish lots of amazing things. Go slowly. You can always write a sequel.\\nTips\\nA good rule of the thumb is, for every two or three good traits, make a minor fault in your character. For every six to nine good traits, make a major fault. This way your character is balanced.\\nThe inability to do something that has no influence on the character's day-to-day life or the important things she does is not a flaw. A starship pilot who can't sing very well is still a perfectly good starship pilot. A member of a family of traveling minstrels who can't sing very well has a real problem.\\nFlaws borne of good intentions, like \\\"caring too much\\\" or \\\"trying too hard\\\" can be legitimate flaws, provided they get your character into trouble. If your character cares deeply about one person or group of people, they may protect them to the detriment of their mission or be unable to make a decision that might harm them, but serve the greater good.\\nWarnings\\nIf it seems your Original Character is a Mary Sue, just admit it. Don't try to convince yourself they aren't, because they probably are. Remember, Mary Sues can be good, if written well. Lots of popular canon characters suffer from strong Sue traits, but they still have a personality.\\nIf someone insults your original character for being a Mary Sue, avoid taking it personally. Do review your character, and don't simply assume that they are best and that other writers are just 'jealous.'\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A \\\"Mary Sue\\\" (or \\\"Gary Stu\\\" for males) is a character who is overly perfect. Usually found in fanfiction, these characters are nearly invincible, multi-talented to the extreme, and loved by everyone except the readers. Often, Mary Sue represents the author's idealized version of themselves projected into the world of the original fiction, also known as canon. The readers can easily detect this fact. Keep reading for detailed instructions on how to keep this annoying character from showing up in your writing.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Knowing the Stories Well\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know your material.\", \"描述\": \"Try not to go on hearsay, or what you've seen in two or three episodes. If you can't watch the whole season or read the entire series, that's what the Internet is for. Research your fandom.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Locating Your Character Plausibly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid making your character related to a canon character.\", \"描述\": \"While some canon characters have vague pasts that can be manipulated, a frequent and recognized (although not compulsory) trait of a Mary Sue is to be related in some way to a canon, especially one who has a strongly established past already. Your readers may find it hard to believe that the canon character has a sister he never mentioned or a son they don't remember.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make your character part of the ensemble cast, maybe even a very small part.\", \"描述\": \"Your original character should not constantly be the center of the universe. Let the other characters have moments away from your new character where they don't talk or think about the new character.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Let the canon characters share the spotlight with your character.\", \"描述\": \"Remember why they're there. Your readers want to read about the canon characters, that's why you're writing a -fiction.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pick a realistic name.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure that your chosen name fits in with the fandom. For example, don't have a Harry Potter character called Trixiebella Arwen, or a LOTR elf called Jane. There are plenty of sites online where you can research names to make sure that they fit with your chosen fandom.\\nBaby name sites are a good start but avoid choosing anything too crazy. Names like \\\"Angelica Rowanna Marybelle Devenish\\\" are ridiculous and not realistic. Don't use traits like hair color or facial features either, as most children are named at birth.\\nDon't use your own name, or a variation of it. This just screams \\\"Mary Sue\\\" to readers.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Giving Your Character Flaws\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Give your new character some real flaws.\", \"描述\": \"Ones like impatience, obsession with looks and trouble making friends are examples of flaws within the character. They should be flaws that have real consequences for the character in his or her life and advance the story forward.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make things hard for your new character.\", \"描述\": \"One of the most annoying things about Mary Sues is how easily everything comes to them: fighting skills, special talents, strong relationships, special powers that appear just in time to save the day, etc. If your character has to struggle and deal with real problems your readers will start to feel for her. If she does everything perfectly with no real adversity, they'll start to hate her.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid making the character show similar traits as your own.\", \"描述\": \"If you do so, you might as well start a diary as everyone has a different personality and should have to freedom to choose what they want to do, so do not base their decisions on your personal opinions, beliefs, etc. This makes the story far more interesting and also makes the writing more of an interesting journey for you, stretching your writing abilities.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Character\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Give different characters different reactions to your original character.\", \"描述\": \"Look at the original work you're drawing from. Do all of the protagonists always agree or act the same way? Of course not. Take the canon characters' personalities into account and craft believable reactions to and relationships with your newcomer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid letting your new character be the sole contributor to solving one of the major unresolved conflicts of the original fiction.\", \"描述\": \"Give the glory to an established character or make it a real team effort.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tread carefully around romance.\", \"描述\": \"Mary Sues are constantly winning the love of a character the author really likes or fixing up two previously unattached characters the author thinks should be together. Romance is possible in fan-fiction, but give it time to make it more realistic.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take your time.\", \"描述\": \"One of the biggest flaws of Mary Sue stories is that things happen far too quickly. It will probably take a while for your new character to become really close to the canon characters, or be in a position to accomplish lots of amazing things. Go slowly. You can always write a sequel.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"A good rule of the thumb is, for every two or three good traits, make a minor fault in your character. For every six to nine good traits, make a major fault. This way your character is balanced.\\n\", \"The inability to do something that has no influence on the character's day-to-day life or the important things she does is not a flaw. A starship pilot who can't sing very well is still a perfectly good starship pilot. A member of a family of traveling minstrels who can't sing very well has a real problem.\\n\", \"Flaws borne of good intentions, like \\\"caring too much\\\" or \\\"trying too hard\\\" can be legitimate flaws, provided they get your character into trouble. If your character cares deeply about one person or group of people, they may protect them to the detriment of their mission or be unable to make a decision that might harm them, but serve the greater good.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If it seems your Original Character is a Mary Sue, just admit it. Don't try to convince yourself they aren't, because they probably are. Remember, Mary Sues can be good, if written well. Lots of popular canon characters suffer from strong Sue traits, but they still have a personality.\\n\", \"If someone insults your original character for being a Mary Sue, avoid taking it personally. Do review your character, and don't simply assume that they are best and that other writers are just 'jealous.'\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,116 | How to Avoid Mass Shootings | 1. File an ERPO against dangerous people.
You can file extreme-risk protection orders in 19 states.
These orders can ban someone from purchasing a firearm. If you believe that someone dangerous is going to purchase a gun, head to the website of the county where the person lives. From there, you can file a protection order that will go to a judge, and they get to decide whether or not that person can purchase a firearm.
You might file a protection order if someone has made threats to harm themselves or others with a firearm.
As of April 2021, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington have the option to file an extreme-risk protection order.
2. Report threatening behavior.
Tell law enforcement about any potential threats.
If someone has talked about committing a mass shooting or they’ve alluded to doing it in the future, call your local police. They can investigate the threats and see if they’re legitimate or not.
It’s better to be safe than sorry. Even if you aren’t 100% sure that the threats are legit, it’s better to get the police involved too early than too late.
3. Support universal background checks for gun owners.
The law requires background checks from licensed firearm dealers.
However, you can sell a firearm at a gun show in seconds, without a background check or even a waiting period. A universal background check would close this loophole. To support a universal background check, call your local lawmakers and ask them to extend the law beyond federal regulations.
Currently, there are 22 states with background check laws. To see if your state is on this list, visit https://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/policy-areas/background-checks/universal-background-checks/.
Studies show that comprehensive background checks for all firearm sales decrease gun violence by almost 35%.
4. Take action to ban assault weapons.
These are semi-automatic weapons that can fire at a rapid rate.
While this alone may not stop mass shootings altogether, many experts see it as a valid first step. You can support a ban on assault weapons by petitioning lawmakers for it and voting in favor of it on your next ballot.
The term “assault weapons” can vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In general, it means they have detachable magazines and can fire semi-automatically.
5. Take action to ban high-capacity magazines.
High-capacity magazines inflict a lot of damage.
The more bullets a magazine can hold, the more rounds a shooter can fire off without stopping. You can support a high-capacity magazine ban by calling your local lawmakers and voting in favor of a ban.
Experts agree that this ban wouldn’t stop mass shootings all on its own, but it’s a good start.
6. Keep in contact with gun owners and gun stores.
Responsible gun owners can promote gun safety.
Talk to gun owners and gun store owners in your community. As you think about preventing mass shootings, try not to draw a divide between yourself and gun owners in general. People looking to purchase guns usually listen to gun store owners, and they may have more success in deterring gun violence than someone who doesn’t own guns.
This is especially important if you’re a lawmaker or looking into local gun laws. Not all gun owners will commit mass shootings, and it’s good to keep that in mind.
7. Fund the research into gun violence.
The US spends very little money on research into gun violence.
The more research we have into what causes gun violence, the more we can work to stop it. You can donate to organizations like the Violence Prevention Research Program at UC Davis.
As of 2019, the CDC is now getting federal grant money to research gun violence and study its causes and effects.
8. Join an anti-gun violence organization.
There are tons of local and national organizations you can join.
You can search for ones in your area, or you can join a national one like Americans for Responsible Solutions, The Brady Campaign, Everytown for Gun Safety, States United to Prevent Gun Violence, and The Violence Policy Center.
These organizations are all different, but most focus on education and research into gun violence.
9. Go to a protest.
Tons of protests happen after mass shootings.
If you know of one in your area, head out and make your voice heard. If there isn’t one happening already, gather with your community and demand that lawmakers do something. Make signs, host chants, and get on the news so your message is heard.
You could also host a walkout at your school or workplace.
10. Dispel myths surrounding gun violence.
Educate others about gun violence to promote safety.
There are a lot of myths surrounding gun violence and mass shootings, like “mass shootings are done by the mentally ill” and “mass shooters are usually lone wolves.” However, these myths are not true, and they can perpetuate violence and the stigma surrounding mass shootings.
Studies show that fewer than 5% of mass shootings are actually done by people with a mental illness.
Calling someone a “lone wolf” is a way to deflect the violence and terrorism they have commited. No one commits a mass shooting in a bubble, and blaming social isolation as the cause is often a way for lawmakers to avoid responsibility.
Tips
The thought of mass shootings can be very frightening. Keep in mind that they are fairly rare, and the likelihood of getting caught in one is very small.[15]
X
Trustworthy Source
American Psychological Association
Leading scientific and professional organization of licensed psychologists
Go to source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. File an ERPO against dangerous people.\\nYou can file extreme-risk protection orders in 19 states.\\nThese orders can ban someone from purchasing a firearm. If you believe that someone dangerous is going to purchase a gun, head to the website of the county where the person lives. From there, you can file a protection order that will go to a judge, and they get to decide whether or not that person can purchase a firearm.\\nYou might file a protection order if someone has made threats to harm themselves or others with a firearm.\\nAs of April 2021, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington have the option to file an extreme-risk protection order.\\n2. Report threatening behavior.\\nTell law enforcement about any potential threats.\\nIf someone has talked about committing a mass shooting or they’ve alluded to doing it in the future, call your local police. They can investigate the threats and see if they’re legitimate or not.\\nIt’s better to be safe than sorry. Even if you aren’t 100% sure that the threats are legit, it’s better to get the police involved too early than too late.\\n3. Support universal background checks for gun owners.\\nThe law requires background checks from licensed firearm dealers.\\nHowever, you can sell a firearm at a gun show in seconds, without a background check or even a waiting period. A universal background check would close this loophole. To support a universal background check, call your local lawmakers and ask them to extend the law beyond federal regulations.\\nCurrently, there are 22 states with background check laws. To see if your state is on this list, visit https://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/policy-areas/background-checks/universal-background-checks/.\\nStudies show that comprehensive background checks for all firearm sales decrease gun violence by almost 35%.\\n4. Take action to ban assault weapons.\\nThese are semi-automatic weapons that can fire at a rapid rate.\\nWhile this alone may not stop mass shootings altogether, many experts see it as a valid first step. You can support a ban on assault weapons by petitioning lawmakers for it and voting in favor of it on your next ballot.\\nThe term “assault weapons” can vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In general, it means they have detachable magazines and can fire semi-automatically.\\n5. Take action to ban high-capacity magazines.\\nHigh-capacity magazines inflict a lot of damage.\\nThe more bullets a magazine can hold, the more rounds a shooter can fire off without stopping. You can support a high-capacity magazine ban by calling your local lawmakers and voting in favor of a ban.\\nExperts agree that this ban wouldn’t stop mass shootings all on its own, but it’s a good start.\\n6. Keep in contact with gun owners and gun stores.\\nResponsible gun owners can promote gun safety.\\nTalk to gun owners and gun store owners in your community. As you think about preventing mass shootings, try not to draw a divide between yourself and gun owners in general. People looking to purchase guns usually listen to gun store owners, and they may have more success in deterring gun violence than someone who doesn’t own guns.\\nThis is especially important if you’re a lawmaker or looking into local gun laws. Not all gun owners will commit mass shootings, and it’s good to keep that in mind.\\n7. Fund the research into gun violence.\\nThe US spends very little money on research into gun violence.\\nThe more research we have into what causes gun violence, the more we can work to stop it. You can donate to organizations like the Violence Prevention Research Program at UC Davis.\\nAs of 2019, the CDC is now getting federal grant money to research gun violence and study its causes and effects.\\n8. Join an anti-gun violence organization.\\nThere are tons of local and national organizations you can join.\\nYou can search for ones in your area, or you can join a national one like Americans for Responsible Solutions, The Brady Campaign, Everytown for Gun Safety, States United to Prevent Gun Violence, and The Violence Policy Center.\\nThese organizations are all different, but most focus on education and research into gun violence.\\n9. Go to a protest.\\nTons of protests happen after mass shootings.\\nIf you know of one in your area, head out and make your voice heard. If there isn’t one happening already, gather with your community and demand that lawmakers do something. Make signs, host chants, and get on the news so your message is heard.\\nYou could also host a walkout at your school or workplace.\\n10. Dispel myths surrounding gun violence.\\nEducate others about gun violence to promote safety.\\nThere are a lot of myths surrounding gun violence and mass shootings, like “mass shootings are done by the mentally ill” and “mass shooters are usually lone wolves.” However, these myths are not true, and they can perpetuate violence and the stigma surrounding mass shootings.\\nStudies show that fewer than 5% of mass shootings are actually done by people with a mental illness.\\nCalling someone a “lone wolf” is a way to deflect the violence and terrorism they have commited. No one commits a mass shooting in a bubble, and blaming social isolation as the cause is often a way for lawmakers to avoid responsibility.\\nTips\\nThe thought of mass shootings can be very frightening. Keep in mind that they are fairly rare, and the likelihood of getting caught in one is very small.[15]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Psychological Association\\nLeading scientific and professional organization of licensed psychologists\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"As mass shootings become more and more prevalent, many Americans are wondering how they can be avoided or stopped in their tracks. While there isn’t a quick and easy cure, experts agree that there are some concrete steps lawmakers and citizens can take to slow the rate of gun violence in the country. Read through these steps to learn more about keeping yourself and your community safe from mass shootings.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"File an ERPO against dangerous people.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You can file extreme-risk protection orders in 19 states.\", \"描述\": \"These orders can ban someone from purchasing a firearm. If you believe that someone dangerous is going to purchase a gun, head to the website of the county where the person lives. From there, you can file a protection order that will go to a judge, and they get to decide whether or not that person can purchase a firearm.\\nYou might file a protection order if someone has made threats to harm themselves or others with a firearm.\\nAs of April 2021, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Mexico, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington have the option to file an extreme-risk protection order.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Report threatening behavior.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tell law enforcement about any potential threats.\", \"描述\": \"If someone has talked about committing a mass shooting or they’ve alluded to doing it in the future, call your local police. They can investigate the threats and see if they’re legitimate or not.\\nIt’s better to be safe than sorry. Even if you aren’t 100% sure that the threats are legit, it’s better to get the police involved too early than too late.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Support universal background checks for gun owners.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The law requires background checks from licensed firearm dealers.\", \"描述\": \"However, you can sell a firearm at a gun show in seconds, without a background check or even a waiting period. A universal background check would close this loophole. To support a universal background check, call your local lawmakers and ask them to extend the law beyond federal regulations.\\nCurrently, there are 22 states with background check laws. To see if your state is on this list, visit https://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/policy-areas/background-checks/universal-background-checks/.\\nStudies show that comprehensive background checks for all firearm sales decrease gun violence by almost 35%.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take action to ban assault weapons.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"These are semi-automatic weapons that can fire at a rapid rate.\", \"描述\": \"While this alone may not stop mass shootings altogether, many experts see it as a valid first step. You can support a ban on assault weapons by petitioning lawmakers for it and voting in favor of it on your next ballot.\\nThe term “assault weapons” can vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In general, it means they have detachable magazines and can fire semi-automatically.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take action to ban high-capacity magazines.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"High-capacity magazines inflict a lot of damage.\", \"描述\": \"The more bullets a magazine can hold, the more rounds a shooter can fire off without stopping. You can support a high-capacity magazine ban by calling your local lawmakers and voting in favor of a ban.\\nExperts agree that this ban wouldn’t stop mass shootings all on its own, but it’s a good start.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep in contact with gun owners and gun stores.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Responsible gun owners can promote gun safety.\", \"描述\": \"Talk to gun owners and gun store owners in your community. As you think about preventing mass shootings, try not to draw a divide between yourself and gun owners in general. People looking to purchase guns usually listen to gun store owners, and they may have more success in deterring gun violence than someone who doesn’t own guns.\\nThis is especially important if you’re a lawmaker or looking into local gun laws. Not all gun owners will commit mass shootings, and it’s good to keep that in mind.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Fund the research into gun violence.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The US spends very little money on research into gun violence.\", \"描述\": \"The more research we have into what causes gun violence, the more we can work to stop it. You can donate to organizations like the Violence Prevention Research Program at UC Davis.\\nAs of 2019, the CDC is now getting federal grant money to research gun violence and study its causes and effects.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Join an anti-gun violence organization.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"There are tons of local and national organizations you can join.\", \"描述\": \"You can search for ones in your area, or you can join a national one like Americans for Responsible Solutions, The Brady Campaign, Everytown for Gun Safety, States United to Prevent Gun Violence, and The Violence Policy Center.\\nThese organizations are all different, but most focus on education and research into gun violence.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Go to a protest.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tons of protests happen after mass shootings.\", \"描述\": \"If you know of one in your area, head out and make your voice heard. If there isn’t one happening already, gather with your community and demand that lawmakers do something. Make signs, host chants, and get on the news so your message is heard.\\nYou could also host a walkout at your school or workplace.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Dispel myths surrounding gun violence.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Educate others about gun violence to promote safety.\", \"描述\": \"There are a lot of myths surrounding gun violence and mass shootings, like “mass shootings are done by the mentally ill” and “mass shooters are usually lone wolves.” However, these myths are not true, and they can perpetuate violence and the stigma surrounding mass shootings.\\nStudies show that fewer than 5% of mass shootings are actually done by people with a mental illness.\\nCalling someone a “lone wolf” is a way to deflect the violence and terrorism they have commited. No one commits a mass shooting in a bubble, and blaming social isolation as the cause is often a way for lawmakers to avoid responsibility.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The thought of mass shootings can be very frightening. Keep in mind that they are fairly rare, and the likelihood of getting caught in one is very small.[15]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Psychological Association\\nLeading scientific and professional organization of licensed psychologists\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,117 | How to Avoid Mean Friends | 1. Taking Steps to Avoid Mean Friends
1-1. Place distance between yourself and the friend.
It may be difficult to distance yourself from a person you normally spend a lot of time with, but it’s important you take steps to reduce the amount of interaction you have with the mean friend. This is the only way you’ll be able to grow and find healthier friends to be around.
Don’t broadcast your plans to create distance. Your friend is likely to confront you if you tell your friend that you are planning to create distance. Instead, simply start making decisions on your own and keeping them to yourself.
Reduce possibilities for interaction. This can be as simple as changing your routine. For example, change the time you leave work or school and take a different route home. It’s also a good idea to avoid places where the mean friend hangs out. Go there at different times or avoid the place altogether.
Find new interests. This may be difficult since it’s possible you are friends with the mean person because you share similar interests. Still, you should ask yourself whether there aren’t other things you could do with yourself and maybe some interests that you haven’t yet explored.
Prepare for a possible confrontation. Your friend might confront you even if you aren’t obvious about your decision to create distance from the mean friend. They may notice that you are doing different things and want to know why. You don’t have to tell them the real reason if you feel you want to avoid a fight.
1-2. Establish boundaries.
An important part of your well-being depends on having emotional and physical boundaries for yourself. This will help prevent you from getting hurt. Know what kinds of behavior you will and won’t accept from others. A good friend will respect your boundaries and not make you feel bad about them.
Decide what boundaries are important for you. This can be physical and emotional. Sometimes a person will intrude on your space or ask you questions that make you uncomfortable. Decide what boundaries you need in these areas.
Pay attention to any sense of discomfort. You will know when a person is overstepping your boundaries. Listen to your inner sense of self, which knows what is right and wrong for you.
Speak up immediately when you feel a boundary has been crossed. Don’t be afraid to tell someone when they have crossed an emotional or physical boundary of yours. It is important that a person knows this so they can change and possibly apologize. Even good friends will sometimes overstep their boundaries but they will always respect your needs.
Be polite but firm. You don’t need to apologize for your boundaries. Simply tell a person how you’re feeling and what you would like them to do or stop doing. They will listen if they are a good friend.
1-3. Get rid of the friend from your social media accounts.
A good but difficult step for avoiding a mean friend is by deleting your friend from your social media accounts. This limits your interactions with them and prevents them from seeing things about you that they might simply use against you.
Log onto your social media accounts and either limit the mean friend’s access or delete the friend from your accounts completely.
Be prepared for a confrontation since this tends to upset a lot of people. Be mature if you choose to respond to the person. You don’t want to get into an argument where you’re just as mean as the person you’re trying to avoid.
2. Taking Steps to Find New Friends
2-1. Put yourself in new situations.
The only way you’re going to avoid mean friends and find good friends is to put yourself in new situations. People tend to develop relationships based on proximity. This means that the more often you see a person, the more likely you are to develop a friendship.
Join a club, group, or sport. A good way to meet new people is to get involved in a new activity. Join a sports club or organization but make sure that the mean friend is not already involved with it. Begin to interact with the people in the organization and try to make new friends.
Volunteer. This is an especially good way to meet new friends since most people who volunteer will likely be at least somewhat caring. Make an effort to talk to people involved in all aspects of volunteering, since you never know where a new friend will come from.
2-2. Invite someone new to do something with you.
You likely know more people than you realize. Consider the possibility of developing friendships with people who you might not know very well. You might be surprised at what you find by simply talking to new people.
Be proactive. It takes a bit of effort to find new friends. Get out of the house and simply take a walk or go the mall. Go places where you might encounter new people and take the steps of striking up a conversation with them. This might sound difficult, especially for shy people, but remember that you don’t have to put yourself in uncomfortable situations. Only go places you want to go and talk to people you want to talk to.
2-3. Look for positive traits in people.
You may have thought you had a good friend who turned out to be a mean friend. Don’t worry. This happens to many people. A good friend listens, won’t judge you negatively, and is someone who you feel comfortable around without changing who you are. Ask yourself the following questions when searching for a good friend:
How do I feel after spending time together?
Am I comfortable being myself around the person?
Does the person make me feel safe?
Is the person supportive?
Does the person treat me with respect?
Does the person listen to me?
3. Identifying Types Of Mean Friends
3-1. Consider how your friend makes you feel.
A good friend shouldn’t make you feel bad about yourself. They should be respectful and support you no matter what your situation. If you feel self-conscious around a certain person, it’s a warning sign that you might have a mean friend.
Take some time to reflect on how your friend treats you. Do they make jokes about you that make you feel bad? Do they listen to you when you are telling them about a problem you’re having? Ask yourself some questions about their behavior towards you and see what you come up with.
You shouldn’t feel self-conscious around a good friend. You should feel like you can be yourself without putting yourself at risk of being made fun of or teased. A good friend should encourage and support you, no matter what.
3-2. Determine if the friend is a bad influence.
Do you find that being around your friend makes you do things you later regret? Some friends allow bad sides of your personality to come out. Your friends help shape your attitude, so if you’re around negative people who do bad things, you’re likely to do so, too.
Consider whether you feel energized after seeing your friend or whether you feel a little down in the dumps. This may be hard to determine, since other factors may also influence your mood. Still, try to notice a pattern and see how your friend affects your mood.
Think about recent decisions you’ve made in the company of your friend. Ask yourself what kinds of decisions these were and whether you felt good or bad about them afterwards. Consider whether your friend pushed you into these decisions.
3-3. Consider whether you argue too much with your friend.
It’s OK to argue occasionally with a friend. This happens to every relationship. It’s not a good sign if you’re constantly arguing with a friend, however. This will really bring down your mood and make you feel bad.
Pay attention to the time you spend with your friend. See if you notice a pattern of arguing or bickering. Count up your recent arguments and determine the substance of these arguments. Some arguments may be small and not worth remembering. Others may be a sign that you have a mean friend.
Consider whether your friend was mean or spiteful during the argument. All friends will argue every once in a while. What’s important is how both parties handle the argument. It’s not a good sign if a person is always saying mean and hurtful things during an argument.
3-4. Look to see if the friend always flakes out on you.
It’s not nice when a friend is constantly flaking out on you and canceling plans at the last minute. This is especially hurtful if you’re the one who’s always re-scheduling your plans.
Pay attention to the number of times your friend cancels plans with you. Ask yourself whether you had to reschedule the plan or whether your friend asked you to reschedule. Also, pay attention to whether the friend had a legitimate excuse or not. Count the number of times your friend has cancelled plans on you and see if you notice a pattern.
3-5. Determine if the friend is self-absorbed.
A self-absorbed friend is not much of a friend. Every time you have a problem, they’re constantly making things about themselves. We need friends who can help us through our difficulties and who don’t use pain as an opportunity to talk about their own problems. Ask yourself some questions to determine if a friend is self-absorbed.
Does the person make you feel invisible or worthless?
Do they quickly lose interest in what you’re saying, even if you’re talking about a serious problem?
Do they always turn conversations back to themselves?
3-6. Confirm whether the friend talks behind your back.
It’s a terrible feeling to discover that a friend has been talking about you behind your back. This is a major violation of your trust. Still, it’s important you don’t jump to conclusions until you know for sure that a friend is talking about you in a negative way.
Watch your friend’s behavior when you see this person around other people. This can really help you determine whether you have a good friend or a mean friend. Watch to see if your friend changes around other people. Maybe they act embarrassed or don’t want to talk to you or maybe they make fun of you when they’re around other people. These are all signs of a mean friend.
Ask someone you trust if they’ve heard your friend saying mean things about you. Only take this step if you can really trust the person. Otherwise, you might be playing into the mean friend’s hands.
Confront them, if you feel comfortable doing so. Be prepared for an argument because some people might not want to admit that they’re being mean. Write a list of thing you can talk to them about. For example, you can give specific examples of when they were mean to you and what you would like them to do and how you would like them to treat you.
Avoid talking behind your friend’s back, too. Don’t be a mean friend yourself and talk behind your friend’s back. This will only worsen a situation and won’t make you feel good about yourself, especially if you’re trying to avoid mean friends to begin with.
Tips
Tell a friend, an adult, or an authority about a mean friend who is also a bully. No person has the right to intimidate or bully you. You don’t have to change your behavior, your activities, or your personality for someone else.
Don’t be discouraged if it takes a while to find new friends.
If it gets out of hand, tell someone wiser. Ignore the person. This may be difficult, but if you can live life without the person, then that's okay. If not, try to restart the friendship/relationship.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Taking Steps to Avoid Mean Friends\\n1-1. Place distance between yourself and the friend.\\nIt may be difficult to distance yourself from a person you normally spend a lot of time with, but it’s important you take steps to reduce the amount of interaction you have with the mean friend. This is the only way you’ll be able to grow and find healthier friends to be around.\\nDon’t broadcast your plans to create distance. Your friend is likely to confront you if you tell your friend that you are planning to create distance. Instead, simply start making decisions on your own and keeping them to yourself.\\nReduce possibilities for interaction. This can be as simple as changing your routine. For example, change the time you leave work or school and take a different route home. It’s also a good idea to avoid places where the mean friend hangs out. Go there at different times or avoid the place altogether.\\nFind new interests. This may be difficult since it’s possible you are friends with the mean person because you share similar interests. Still, you should ask yourself whether there aren’t other things you could do with yourself and maybe some interests that you haven’t yet explored.\\nPrepare for a possible confrontation. Your friend might confront you even if you aren’t obvious about your decision to create distance from the mean friend. They may notice that you are doing different things and want to know why. You don’t have to tell them the real reason if you feel you want to avoid a fight.\\n1-2. Establish boundaries.\\nAn important part of your well-being depends on having emotional and physical boundaries for yourself. This will help prevent you from getting hurt. Know what kinds of behavior you will and won’t accept from others. A good friend will respect your boundaries and not make you feel bad about them.\\nDecide what boundaries are important for you. This can be physical and emotional. Sometimes a person will intrude on your space or ask you questions that make you uncomfortable. Decide what boundaries you need in these areas.\\nPay attention to any sense of discomfort. You will know when a person is overstepping your boundaries. Listen to your inner sense of self, which knows what is right and wrong for you.\\nSpeak up immediately when you feel a boundary has been crossed. Don’t be afraid to tell someone when they have crossed an emotional or physical boundary of yours. It is important that a person knows this so they can change and possibly apologize. Even good friends will sometimes overstep their boundaries but they will always respect your needs.\\nBe polite but firm. You don’t need to apologize for your boundaries. Simply tell a person how you’re feeling and what you would like them to do or stop doing. They will listen if they are a good friend.\\n1-3. Get rid of the friend from your social media accounts.\\nA good but difficult step for avoiding a mean friend is by deleting your friend from your social media accounts. This limits your interactions with them and prevents them from seeing things about you that they might simply use against you.\\nLog onto your social media accounts and either limit the mean friend’s access or delete the friend from your accounts completely.\\nBe prepared for a confrontation since this tends to upset a lot of people. Be mature if you choose to respond to the person. You don’t want to get into an argument where you’re just as mean as the person you’re trying to avoid.\\n2. Taking Steps to Find New Friends\\n2-1. Put yourself in new situations.\\nThe only way you’re going to avoid mean friends and find good friends is to put yourself in new situations. People tend to develop relationships based on proximity. This means that the more often you see a person, the more likely you are to develop a friendship.\\nJoin a club, group, or sport. A good way to meet new people is to get involved in a new activity. Join a sports club or organization but make sure that the mean friend is not already involved with it. Begin to interact with the people in the organization and try to make new friends.\\nVolunteer. This is an especially good way to meet new friends since most people who volunteer will likely be at least somewhat caring. Make an effort to talk to people involved in all aspects of volunteering, since you never know where a new friend will come from.\\n2-2. Invite someone new to do something with you.\\nYou likely know more people than you realize. Consider the possibility of developing friendships with people who you might not know very well. You might be surprised at what you find by simply talking to new people.\\nBe proactive. It takes a bit of effort to find new friends. Get out of the house and simply take a walk or go the mall. Go places where you might encounter new people and take the steps of striking up a conversation with them. This might sound difficult, especially for shy people, but remember that you don’t have to put yourself in uncomfortable situations. Only go places you want to go and talk to people you want to talk to.\\n2-3. Look for positive traits in people.\\nYou may have thought you had a good friend who turned out to be a mean friend. Don’t worry. This happens to many people. A good friend listens, won’t judge you negatively, and is someone who you feel comfortable around without changing who you are. Ask yourself the following questions when searching for a good friend:\\nHow do I feel after spending time together?\\nAm I comfortable being myself around the person?\\nDoes the person make me feel safe?\\nIs the person supportive?\\nDoes the person treat me with respect?\\nDoes the person listen to me?\\n3. Identifying Types Of Mean Friends\\n3-1. Consider how your friend makes you feel.\\nA good friend shouldn’t make you feel bad about yourself. They should be respectful and support you no matter what your situation. If you feel self-conscious around a certain person, it’s a warning sign that you might have a mean friend.\\nTake some time to reflect on how your friend treats you. Do they make jokes about you that make you feel bad? Do they listen to you when you are telling them about a problem you’re having? Ask yourself some questions about their behavior towards you and see what you come up with.\\nYou shouldn’t feel self-conscious around a good friend. You should feel like you can be yourself without putting yourself at risk of being made fun of or teased. A good friend should encourage and support you, no matter what.\\n3-2. Determine if the friend is a bad influence.\\nDo you find that being around your friend makes you do things you later regret? Some friends allow bad sides of your personality to come out. Your friends help shape your attitude, so if you’re around negative people who do bad things, you’re likely to do so, too.\\nConsider whether you feel energized after seeing your friend or whether you feel a little down in the dumps. This may be hard to determine, since other factors may also influence your mood. Still, try to notice a pattern and see how your friend affects your mood.\\nThink about recent decisions you’ve made in the company of your friend. Ask yourself what kinds of decisions these were and whether you felt good or bad about them afterwards. Consider whether your friend pushed you into these decisions.\\n3-3. Consider whether you argue too much with your friend.\\nIt’s OK to argue occasionally with a friend. This happens to every relationship. It’s not a good sign if you’re constantly arguing with a friend, however. This will really bring down your mood and make you feel bad.\\nPay attention to the time you spend with your friend. See if you notice a pattern of arguing or bickering. Count up your recent arguments and determine the substance of these arguments. Some arguments may be small and not worth remembering. Others may be a sign that you have a mean friend.\\nConsider whether your friend was mean or spiteful during the argument. All friends will argue every once in a while. What’s important is how both parties handle the argument. It’s not a good sign if a person is always saying mean and hurtful things during an argument.\\n3-4. Look to see if the friend always flakes out on you.\\nIt’s not nice when a friend is constantly flaking out on you and canceling plans at the last minute. This is especially hurtful if you’re the one who’s always re-scheduling your plans.\\nPay attention to the number of times your friend cancels plans with you. Ask yourself whether you had to reschedule the plan or whether your friend asked you to reschedule. Also, pay attention to whether the friend had a legitimate excuse or not. Count the number of times your friend has cancelled plans on you and see if you notice a pattern.\\n3-5. Determine if the friend is self-absorbed.\\nA self-absorbed friend is not much of a friend. Every time you have a problem, they’re constantly making things about themselves. We need friends who can help us through our difficulties and who don’t use pain as an opportunity to talk about their own problems. Ask yourself some questions to determine if a friend is self-absorbed.\\nDoes the person make you feel invisible or worthless?\\nDo they quickly lose interest in what you’re saying, even if you’re talking about a serious problem?\\nDo they always turn conversations back to themselves?\\n3-6. Confirm whether the friend talks behind your back.\\nIt’s a terrible feeling to discover that a friend has been talking about you behind your back. This is a major violation of your trust. Still, it’s important you don’t jump to conclusions until you know for sure that a friend is talking about you in a negative way.\\nWatch your friend’s behavior when you see this person around other people. This can really help you determine whether you have a good friend or a mean friend. Watch to see if your friend changes around other people. Maybe they act embarrassed or don’t want to talk to you or maybe they make fun of you when they’re around other people. These are all signs of a mean friend.\\nAsk someone you trust if they’ve heard your friend saying mean things about you. Only take this step if you can really trust the person. Otherwise, you might be playing into the mean friend’s hands.\\nConfront them, if you feel comfortable doing so. Be prepared for an argument because some people might not want to admit that they’re being mean. Write a list of thing you can talk to them about. For example, you can give specific examples of when they were mean to you and what you would like them to do and how you would like them to treat you.\\nAvoid talking behind your friend’s back, too. Don’t be a mean friend yourself and talk behind your friend’s back. This will only worsen a situation and won’t make you feel good about yourself, especially if you’re trying to avoid mean friends to begin with.\\nTips\\nTell a friend, an adult, or an authority about a mean friend who is also a bully. No person has the right to intimidate or bully you. You don’t have to change your behavior, your activities, or your personality for someone else.\\nDon’t be discouraged if it takes a while to find new friends.\\nIf it gets out of hand, tell someone wiser. Ignore the person. This may be difficult, but if you can live life without the person, then that's okay. If not, try to restart the friendship/relationship.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A good friend listens to you, cares for you, and respects you. Someone who is mean to you is not a friend. It is important to avoid mean friends even though it is sometimes difficult to do so. Having a mean friend will only make you feel bad about yourself.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Taking Steps to Avoid Mean Friends\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place distance between yourself and the friend.\", \"描述\": \"It may be difficult to distance yourself from a person you normally spend a lot of time with, but it’s important you take steps to reduce the amount of interaction you have with the mean friend. This is the only way you’ll be able to grow and find healthier friends to be around.\\nDon’t broadcast your plans to create distance. Your friend is likely to confront you if you tell your friend that you are planning to create distance. Instead, simply start making decisions on your own and keeping them to yourself.\\nReduce possibilities for interaction. This can be as simple as changing your routine. For example, change the time you leave work or school and take a different route home. It’s also a good idea to avoid places where the mean friend hangs out. Go there at different times or avoid the place altogether.\\nFind new interests. This may be difficult since it’s possible you are friends with the mean person because you share similar interests. Still, you should ask yourself whether there aren’t other things you could do with yourself and maybe some interests that you haven’t yet explored.\\nPrepare for a possible confrontation. Your friend might confront you even if you aren’t obvious about your decision to create distance from the mean friend. They may notice that you are doing different things and want to know why. You don’t have to tell them the real reason if you feel you want to avoid a fight.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Establish boundaries.\", \"描述\": \"An important part of your well-being depends on having emotional and physical boundaries for yourself. This will help prevent you from getting hurt. Know what kinds of behavior you will and won’t accept from others. A good friend will respect your boundaries and not make you feel bad about them.\\nDecide what boundaries are important for you. This can be physical and emotional. Sometimes a person will intrude on your space or ask you questions that make you uncomfortable. Decide what boundaries you need in these areas.\\nPay attention to any sense of discomfort. You will know when a person is overstepping your boundaries. Listen to your inner sense of self, which knows what is right and wrong for you.\\nSpeak up immediately when you feel a boundary has been crossed. Don’t be afraid to tell someone when they have crossed an emotional or physical boundary of yours. It is important that a person knows this so they can change and possibly apologize. Even good friends will sometimes overstep their boundaries but they will always respect your needs.\\nBe polite but firm. You don’t need to apologize for your boundaries. Simply tell a person how you’re feeling and what you would like them to do or stop doing. They will listen if they are a good friend.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get rid of the friend from your social media accounts.\", \"描述\": \"A good but difficult step for avoiding a mean friend is by deleting your friend from your social media accounts. This limits your interactions with them and prevents them from seeing things about you that they might simply use against you.\\nLog onto your social media accounts and either limit the mean friend’s access or delete the friend from your accounts completely.\\nBe prepared for a confrontation since this tends to upset a lot of people. Be mature if you choose to respond to the person. You don’t want to get into an argument where you’re just as mean as the person you’re trying to avoid.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking Steps to Find New Friends\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put yourself in new situations.\", \"描述\": \"The only way you’re going to avoid mean friends and find good friends is to put yourself in new situations. People tend to develop relationships based on proximity. This means that the more often you see a person, the more likely you are to develop a friendship.\\nJoin a club, group, or sport. A good way to meet new people is to get involved in a new activity. Join a sports club or organization but make sure that the mean friend is not already involved with it. Begin to interact with the people in the organization and try to make new friends.\\nVolunteer. This is an especially good way to meet new friends since most people who volunteer will likely be at least somewhat caring. Make an effort to talk to people involved in all aspects of volunteering, since you never know where a new friend will come from.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Invite someone new to do something with you.\", \"描述\": \"You likely know more people than you realize. Consider the possibility of developing friendships with people who you might not know very well. You might be surprised at what you find by simply talking to new people.\\nBe proactive. It takes a bit of effort to find new friends. Get out of the house and simply take a walk or go the mall. Go places where you might encounter new people and take the steps of striking up a conversation with them. This might sound difficult, especially for shy people, but remember that you don’t have to put yourself in uncomfortable situations. Only go places you want to go and talk to people you want to talk to.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for positive traits in people.\", \"描述\": \"You may have thought you had a good friend who turned out to be a mean friend. Don’t worry. This happens to many people. A good friend listens, won’t judge you negatively, and is someone who you feel comfortable around without changing who you are. Ask yourself the following questions when searching for a good friend:\\nHow do I feel after spending time together?\\nAm I comfortable being myself around the person?\\nDoes the person make me feel safe?\\nIs the person supportive?\\nDoes the person treat me with respect?\\nDoes the person listen to me?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Identifying Types Of Mean Friends\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider how your friend makes you feel.\", \"描述\": \"A good friend shouldn’t make you feel bad about yourself. They should be respectful and support you no matter what your situation. If you feel self-conscious around a certain person, it’s a warning sign that you might have a mean friend.\\nTake some time to reflect on how your friend treats you. Do they make jokes about you that make you feel bad? Do they listen to you when you are telling them about a problem you’re having? Ask yourself some questions about their behavior towards you and see what you come up with.\\nYou shouldn’t feel self-conscious around a good friend. You should feel like you can be yourself without putting yourself at risk of being made fun of or teased. A good friend should encourage and support you, no matter what.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine if the friend is a bad influence.\", \"描述\": \"Do you find that being around your friend makes you do things you later regret? Some friends allow bad sides of your personality to come out. Your friends help shape your attitude, so if you’re around negative people who do bad things, you’re likely to do so, too.\\nConsider whether you feel energized after seeing your friend or whether you feel a little down in the dumps. This may be hard to determine, since other factors may also influence your mood. Still, try to notice a pattern and see how your friend affects your mood.\\nThink about recent decisions you’ve made in the company of your friend. Ask yourself what kinds of decisions these were and whether you felt good or bad about them afterwards. Consider whether your friend pushed you into these decisions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider whether you argue too much with your friend.\", \"描述\": \"It’s OK to argue occasionally with a friend. This happens to every relationship. It’s not a good sign if you’re constantly arguing with a friend, however. This will really bring down your mood and make you feel bad.\\nPay attention to the time you spend with your friend. See if you notice a pattern of arguing or bickering. Count up your recent arguments and determine the substance of these arguments. Some arguments may be small and not worth remembering. Others may be a sign that you have a mean friend.\\nConsider whether your friend was mean or spiteful during the argument. All friends will argue every once in a while. What’s important is how both parties handle the argument. It’s not a good sign if a person is always saying mean and hurtful things during an argument.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look to see if the friend always flakes out on you.\", \"描述\": \"It’s not nice when a friend is constantly flaking out on you and canceling plans at the last minute. This is especially hurtful if you’re the one who’s always re-scheduling your plans.\\nPay attention to the number of times your friend cancels plans with you. Ask yourself whether you had to reschedule the plan or whether your friend asked you to reschedule. Also, pay attention to whether the friend had a legitimate excuse or not. Count the number of times your friend has cancelled plans on you and see if you notice a pattern.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Determine if the friend is self-absorbed.\", \"描述\": \"A self-absorbed friend is not much of a friend. Every time you have a problem, they’re constantly making things about themselves. We need friends who can help us through our difficulties and who don’t use pain as an opportunity to talk about their own problems. Ask yourself some questions to determine if a friend is self-absorbed.\\nDoes the person make you feel invisible or worthless?\\nDo they quickly lose interest in what you’re saying, even if you’re talking about a serious problem?\\nDo they always turn conversations back to themselves?\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Confirm whether the friend talks behind your back.\", \"描述\": \"It’s a terrible feeling to discover that a friend has been talking about you behind your back. This is a major violation of your trust. Still, it’s important you don’t jump to conclusions until you know for sure that a friend is talking about you in a negative way.\\nWatch your friend’s behavior when you see this person around other people. This can really help you determine whether you have a good friend or a mean friend. Watch to see if your friend changes around other people. Maybe they act embarrassed or don’t want to talk to you or maybe they make fun of you when they’re around other people. These are all signs of a mean friend.\\nAsk someone you trust if they’ve heard your friend saying mean things about you. Only take this step if you can really trust the person. Otherwise, you might be playing into the mean friend’s hands.\\nConfront them, if you feel comfortable doing so. Be prepared for an argument because some people might not want to admit that they’re being mean. Write a list of thing you can talk to them about. For example, you can give specific examples of when they were mean to you and what you would like them to do and how you would like them to treat you.\\nAvoid talking behind your friend’s back, too. Don’t be a mean friend yourself and talk behind your friend’s back. This will only worsen a situation and won’t make you feel good about yourself, especially if you’re trying to avoid mean friends to begin with.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Tell a friend, an adult, or an authority about a mean friend who is also a bully. No person has the right to intimidate or bully you. You don’t have to change your behavior, your activities, or your personality for someone else.\\n\", \"Don’t be discouraged if it takes a while to find new friends.\\n\", \"If it gets out of hand, tell someone wiser. Ignore the person. This may be difficult, but if you can live life without the person, then that's okay. If not, try to restart the friendship/relationship.\\n\"]}]}}",
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3,118 | How to Avoid Meltdowns | 1. Recognizing the Signs
1-1. Keep an eye out for emotional signs of stress.
Keep track of your or your loved one's emotional state during the day, and notice when stress is building up. This will help you assess the risk of a meltdown.
Looking frustrated, agitated, or overwhelmed
Frowning, or looking upset
Feeling bad about oneself
1-2. Look for physical and psychosomatic signs of stress.
Symptoms of stress vary from person to person. Under stress, people may experience:
Headache
Tense muscles (may lead to aches and pains)
Tightness or pain in the stomach
Changes in appetite
Decreased concentration
Fatigue
Clenched jaw
1-3. Look for self-calming behavior.
Under stress, autistic people will naturally try to calm and protect themselves. Here are several things you may notice:
Self-isolating
Restricting sensory input, like covering ears or eyes
Retreating deeper into one's own world
Stimming more
Using learned coping strategies (e.g. deep breaths)
1-4. Check the person's face.
If you're checking on a loved one, a quick glance will usually let you see their expression. If you're the autistic person, and you aren't very aware of your mood or what your face is doing, you might touch your face or use a mirror.
Bathroom mirrors are a good opportunity to observe your face. The tactic of excusing yourself to the restroom both removes you from the situation and allows you to "check-in" with what your facial muscles are indicating you are feeling.
Feeling your face can also help detect stress. For instance, touching your eyebrows may reveal they are furrowed. Your jaw might be tight. Your temples could feel tight to the touch. All of these are physical indications that you are stressed.
2. Intervening Early
2-1. Follow your instincts.
If you feel like sitting outside is better than sitting in a crowded cafeteria, go outside. If you think that stimming or wearing earplugs would help, make it happen, and don't worry about what others think. Your or your loved one's emotional health matters more than others' opinions.
2-2. See if you can leave a stressful situation.
Try going outdoors for some fresh air, or taking a bathroom break and washing your face. Be polite, but firm (if need be) about your need to leave. Here are some ways to communicate that you need to take a break or leave:
"I'm feeling a little off. I'm going to get some fresh air."
"I'm going to the bathroom; I'll be right back."
"I need to go so that I won't be late." (You don't need to specify that this "appointment" is with a DVD and a bowl of ice cream.)
"It's getting late, and I'm getting tired. I'm going to head home."
"This has been a wonderful party, but I have some homework/chores/confidential government work to do tonight. I'll see you tomorrow."
2-3. See which coping mechanisms would help with self-calming.
Now is not the time to "be strong" or "tough it out," because this almost always backfires in the end. Instead, try a little quiet time or pampering.
Use a favorite stim toy.
Get deep pressure. Massages, heavy clothing, bear hugs, and tight squeezes are ways to get this.
Eat something sweet or drink something warm.
Do relaxation exercises, like deep breathing or imagery.
2-4. When in doubt, leave.
Stress buildup worsens meltdowns, so a misguided attempt to "tough it out" can cause things to grow even worse. Escape as quickly as possible, take as much time as you or your loved one needs, and return once you feel better (if at all).
3. Living Well
3-1. Carry around some self-calming tools.
Stock a bag with a few stim toys, lollipops, a handheld beanbag, lotion, bracelets, or whatever it is that helps with self-calming. This way, you'll be prepared when stress starts to build up.
3-2. Stim
Stimming and exercise reduce stress, burn calories, and provide numerous other benefits. They will relieve excess energy from your system and boost your mood and ability to focus. Here are small alterations you can make to increase your activity:
Take a 10-minute walk every evening. Bring a loved one and talk about your day.
Play backyard sports with family members.
Get off the bus one stop early and appreciate the fresh air.
Swing.
Substitute a desk chair for an exercise ball. Bounce as much as you please.
Take your kids or siblings out to a park.
3-3. Eat well, and get enough sleep.
Sleeplessness and poor diet can increase your levels of stress, thus making it harder for you to stop a meltdown.
Unfortunately, many autistic people struggle with sleep. Melatonin supplements may help. Don't hesitate to talk to a doctor if you suspect a sleep disorder.
3-4. Find little ways to make your life easier.
It is okay to make adjustments, and it is okay to be disabled in public. Try going to the autistic community (such as #AskAnAutistic) for tips from like-minded people.
Ask for disability accommodations. These can help.
Get foam earplugs, sunglasses, headphones, and hoodies to manage sensory input.
Get a robotic vacuum cleaner, rather than trying to remember to clean by yourself.
Skip social events that don't interest you. Socializing takes up energy, so skip any optional events that you think would be too draining.
Make schedules, diagrams, and lists as memory aids.
3-5. Cut down on masking.
"Autistic masking" is the practice of hiding one's autistic traits. However, pretending to be someone you're not has a steep cost. Autistic people who mask report exhaustion and have higher levels of anxiety and depression. To unmask more, you can...
Stim more
Skip the stressful eye contact
Avoid or speak up about things that cause you pain (such as a loud blender)
Say no to hugs if you don't feel like hugging
Stop pretending to be okay when you're not
Let yourself be "weird"
3-6. Know the triggers and work around them.
If you can identify the things that bring on meltdowns, you can learn to avoid them, or prepare coping strategies beforehand.
3-7. Get rid of stressful things and people, if possible.
You might not be able to get rid of your father, your English class, or that yappy dog next door. But you do have the power to control some stressful aspects of your life. You can say something is not working, or a person is making your life miserable. Quitting is not always a bad thing; it can be a powerful act of self-care. For example:
Say that you're taking college classes, but you are getting stressed out. You might consider dropping the most problematic classes and take a lighter load of classes. It might take longer to get your degree, but plenty of people take more than eight semesters.
Perhaps your autistic child loves art, but hates the art club after school, and often melts down upon coming home. You might let your child quit art club, and instead come home in order to relax and have some quiet time.
Maybe you enjoyed your job but had a change of supervisor. You really do not respond well to her style. You have tried to adapt, but it is not working out for you. It is OK to hand in your notice if it is making you miserable. Many people quit jobs for this reason.
3-8. Surround yourself with people and things that you love.
This will improve your mood and the quality of your life.
Try to find a job, volunteer opportunity, or extracurricular activity related to your special interests. If you are given an open-ended project, try to relate it to your passions. Let your knowledge shine.
Find a productive hobby. Creating something (whether it's an article or a hat) will make you feel good.
Get together at least once a week with your closest friends. (If you don't have close friends, the aforementioned activity can help you find some.)
Find a therapist who makes you feel better, not worse. Your happiness and competence are a top priority.
3-9. Ensure that there's lots of quiet time each day.
Autistic people can experience toxic build-ups of stress, so downtime can be crucial. Try special interests, crochet, reading, music, journal writing, bubble baths, or whatever helps you feel centered and at ease.
Make sure that autistic family members can retreat to quiet places to spend time on their own each day. This helps them de-stress.
4. Helping a Loved One
4-1. React with compassion and gentleness.
The person may be experiencing severe feelings of panic, frustration, confusion, or general distress. It is not their fault, and they cannot stop it. They're under extreme stress, and they need patience and empathy.
4-2. Remove any immediate sources of stress.
Meltdowns are caused by too much stress, so one of the ways to help is to remove as many stressors as you can. If something in the environment is upsetting the autistic person, get rid of that thing.
Shoo away anyone who is staring.
Don't let people touch the autistic person without permission.
Rescind any demands that were placed on the autistic person.
Stop other people from getting in the autistic person's way. Say "Let her be" or "Leave him alone."
4-3. Help them leave.
Say something like "Let's get some air" or "Come with me" and lead them to a quieter place. You could take them outdoors, to a bathroom, to a bedroom, or to an unoccupied place.
Holding hands may be overwhelming to an autistic person mid-meltdown. You might beckon them to follow you, or have them hold on to another part of you (such as your belt loop).
4-4. Ask or infer what they need.
The autistic person instinctively knows what will calm them, whether it's a glass of water, a tight hug, a comfort item, or just some alone time. If they are struggling to speak, get them a pen and paper, or ask questions that can be answered with a thumbs up or thumbs down.
If the person seems overwhelmed, it's best not to press them with questions. You can ask "Do you need quiet?" or "Do you need to be alone?" and see if they give you a thumbs up or thumbs down. If they want to be alone, leave for a while, and check on them later.
4-5. Be patient.
The autistic person may cry, rock back and forth, make a mess, or do other unusual things. This is a reaction to stress, similar to a panic attack. Sometimes, they just need to "cry it out." Be nonjudgmental, and wait for it to be over.
For example, if the person has thrown themselves on the floor sobbing, you could lie down on the floor too and stay with them until they've calmed down. This shows empathy and gives them space too.
If it's too intense for you to be comfortable staying there, it's okay to say "I'll be back" and leave the room.
4-6. Give them time to recover.
Sometimes, five minutes will be enough for them to calm down. Other times, they may need an hour of quiet activities only. Play it by ear, and never force a child to leave before they're ready—this will likely trigger the meltdown they've been holding back.
5. Teaching a Family Member to Manage Meltdowns
5-1. Set up a quiet space for your autistic family member.
Their bedroom, a closet, a basement corner, or another quiet area can be a good place for an autistic person to go when overwhelmed. Make it as closed-off as possible. Tell the autistic person that they can go there when they're overwhelmed, and tell other people that they need to leave the autistic person alone when they're in their quiet place.
5-2. Teach them to advocate for their needs.
Most autistic people can identify when they feel upset, and have a feeling of what they need. Explain that it is important that they speak up for their needs. Social stories and modeling can help them learn what to do. Try teaching them one of the following phrases:
"Break, please."
"I need to go to my corner."
"I need quiet time, please."
"May I go to my room?"
5-3. Pay attention when they advocate for themselves.
They won't continue the behavior unless you reward it by listening. Do what they asked you to do. This proves to them that advocating for themselves is a good strategy and that it works better than bottling up stress until it reaches a meltdown point.
Body language is still self-advocacy. Putting up a hand to stop a kiss is self-advocacy. Refusing to wear an itchy sweater is self-advocacy. Listen, even when it's not convenient to you.
A nonspeaking person can learn to speak up via alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). AAC can improve communication skills, which reduces meltdowns.
5-4. Pay attention
Watch for stress buildups, and ask about the need you want them to communicate. For example, ask "Do you need a break?" Listen or watch for their response.
If they nod, you can model for them: "Yes, I need a break, please!" Do this while you lead them away. They will associate the phrase with the action, and start saying the phrase when they need to leave.
If they say no, but still seem upset five minutes later, you can intervene: "You look really overwhelmed. Let's take a break." Then lead them to a calm place.
Don't hold their needs hostage. Never force them to wait until they can speak the phrase.
5-5. Help them identify triggers, and find appropriate coping strategies.
This can help them stop a meltdown before it occurs. Try making a list of triggers and strategies together. Consider both what they could do, and what you could do in order to reduce stress. This can include...
Sensory tools
A list of people they can ask for help
A comfort item
A "secret sign" to signal to caregivers that the child needs a break
5-6. Take aggression seriously.
Aggression is rare in autistic children, and is usually more reactive than proactive. It can happen for a number of reasons. An aggressive outburst might have been caused by a physical sense of danger: somebody blocking their way when they needed to leave, another person bullying them, or an adult reacting abusively. Understand the situation before attempting to impose consequences.
Ask the autistic person what happened and why they reacted this way.
Ask other people what exactly happened. If somebody behaved physically towards the autistic person (e.g. attempting to pin them down against their will), then the autistic person's reaction was actually a panicked attempt at self-defense, and you must address the other person's behavior.
Watch out for therapists and caregivers who are aggressive or cruel towards the autistic person, such as in some forms of ABA therapy.
If violence results as an escalation, talk to both parties, not just the autistic child. For example, if a boy takes a girl's toy and she hits him, it is important to address both his and her behavior.
5-7. Be firm about unsafe and unkind behavior.
Screaming, crying, flopping to the floor, and stimming are all natural during meltdowns. However, being mean or needlessly aggressive is never acceptable. Here are some ways to deal with it:
"It is not okay for you to hit your sister. We are not a violent family. If you're mad at her, you need to use your words or take a break."
"We don't call names when we're upset. It wasn't his fault that you were unhappy. How do you think he felt when you called him ugly?"
5-8. Teach positive alternatives to misbehavior.
Simply telling a child that something is wrong won't help them—they need to know how to deal with their feelings. Work together with them to come up with alternate solutions.
"If you need to punch things when you're upset, do you think it would work for you to punch some pillows or cushions instead? It's okay to punch the couch when you're angry."
"I know that it's not fun for you to scream and cry in the restaurant. Next time you start to feel upset, you can tug on my sleeve and let me know that you need a break, and I'll take you outside so you can feel better."
"Kicking the back of Mommy's chair makes her very uncomfortable. What if you rocked in the rocking chair instead?"
5-9. Praise them when they handle things well.
Complimenting them will reinforce the good results. Show them that you noticed them using their good coping skills and that you are happy with them.
"I saw you asking your therapist for a break today. That was very mature of you to recognize that you needed to pause."
"Good job punching the pillows! That's much better than punching your brother."
"Thank you for telling me that you needed to leave."
5-10. Talk to them after they've calmed down and can think straight.
Listen patiently to hear the full story. What caused the meltdown? What could they do in future situations like this? What could you do to help them? This will help you work out specific strategies together, and help the child know that they can come to you in the future.
Tips
If a person isolated themselves during a meltdown, ensure that in the worst-case scenario (e.g.; possible self-harm or harm of others) you’re able to get into the same room, and make sure the person having a meltdown doesn’t hurt anybody when they’re overwhelmed.
If you or your child often experience meltdowns in a certain situation, then there is a serious problem with that situation. See if you can avoid re-experiencing the situation, or, if it is inevitable, make the experience less upsetting.
Warnings
Save a life—don't call the police if you live in the United States.[15]
X
Research source
[16]
X
Research source
American police may kill or traumatize an autistic person instead of helping them.
Never hold down someone against their will or lock them alone in a room. This is extremely dangerous, and will often make them panic. Making a frightened autistic person feel powerless will not improve their self-control.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Recognizing the Signs\\n1-1. Keep an eye out for emotional signs of stress.\\nKeep track of your or your loved one's emotional state during the day, and notice when stress is building up. This will help you assess the risk of a meltdown.\\nLooking frustrated, agitated, or overwhelmed\\nFrowning, or looking upset\\nFeeling bad about oneself\\n1-2. Look for physical and psychosomatic signs of stress.\\nSymptoms of stress vary from person to person. Under stress, people may experience:\\nHeadache\\nTense muscles (may lead to aches and pains)\\nTightness or pain in the stomach\\nChanges in appetite\\nDecreased concentration\\nFatigue\\nClenched jaw\\n1-3. Look for self-calming behavior.\\nUnder stress, autistic people will naturally try to calm and protect themselves. Here are several things you may notice: \\nSelf-isolating\\nRestricting sensory input, like covering ears or eyes\\nRetreating deeper into one's own world\\nStimming more\\nUsing learned coping strategies (e.g. deep breaths)\\n1-4. Check the person's face.\\nIf you're checking on a loved one, a quick glance will usually let you see their expression. If you're the autistic person, and you aren't very aware of your mood or what your face is doing, you might touch your face or use a mirror. \\nBathroom mirrors are a good opportunity to observe your face. The tactic of excusing yourself to the restroom both removes you from the situation and allows you to \\\"check-in\\\" with what your facial muscles are indicating you are feeling.\\nFeeling your face can also help detect stress. For instance, touching your eyebrows may reveal they are furrowed. Your jaw might be tight. Your temples could feel tight to the touch. All of these are physical indications that you are stressed.\\n2. Intervening Early\\n2-1. Follow your instincts.\\nIf you feel like sitting outside is better than sitting in a crowded cafeteria, go outside. If you think that stimming or wearing earplugs would help, make it happen, and don't worry about what others think. Your or your loved one's emotional health matters more than others' opinions.\\n2-2. See if you can leave a stressful situation.\\nTry going outdoors for some fresh air, or taking a bathroom break and washing your face. Be polite, but firm (if need be) about your need to leave. Here are some ways to communicate that you need to take a break or leave: \\n\\\"I'm feeling a little off. I'm going to get some fresh air.\\\"\\n\\\"I'm going to the bathroom; I'll be right back.\\\"\\n\\\"I need to go so that I won't be late.\\\" (You don't need to specify that this \\\"appointment\\\" is with a DVD and a bowl of ice cream.)\\n\\\"It's getting late, and I'm getting tired. I'm going to head home.\\\"\\n\\\"This has been a wonderful party, but I have some homework/chores/confidential government work to do tonight. I'll see you tomorrow.\\\"\\n2-3. See which coping mechanisms would help with self-calming.\\nNow is not the time to \\\"be strong\\\" or \\\"tough it out,\\\" because this almost always backfires in the end. Instead, try a little quiet time or pampering. \\nUse a favorite stim toy.\\nGet deep pressure. Massages, heavy clothing, bear hugs, and tight squeezes are ways to get this.\\nEat something sweet or drink something warm.\\nDo relaxation exercises, like deep breathing or imagery.\\n2-4. When in doubt, leave.\\nStress buildup worsens meltdowns, so a misguided attempt to \\\"tough it out\\\" can cause things to grow even worse. Escape as quickly as possible, take as much time as you or your loved one needs, and return once you feel better (if at all).\\n3. Living Well\\n3-1. Carry around some self-calming tools.\\nStock a bag with a few stim toys, lollipops, a handheld beanbag, lotion, bracelets, or whatever it is that helps with self-calming. This way, you'll be prepared when stress starts to build up.\\n3-2. Stim\\nStimming and exercise reduce stress, burn calories, and provide numerous other benefits. They will relieve excess energy from your system and boost your mood and ability to focus. Here are small alterations you can make to increase your activity: \\nTake a 10-minute walk every evening. Bring a loved one and talk about your day.\\nPlay backyard sports with family members.\\nGet off the bus one stop early and appreciate the fresh air.\\nSwing.\\nSubstitute a desk chair for an exercise ball. Bounce as much as you please.\\nTake your kids or siblings out to a park.\\n3-3. Eat well, and get enough sleep.\\nSleeplessness and poor diet can increase your levels of stress, thus making it harder for you to stop a meltdown. \\nUnfortunately, many autistic people struggle with sleep. Melatonin supplements may help. Don't hesitate to talk to a doctor if you suspect a sleep disorder.\\n3-4. Find little ways to make your life easier.\\nIt is okay to make adjustments, and it is okay to be disabled in public. Try going to the autistic community (such as #AskAnAutistic) for tips from like-minded people. \\nAsk for disability accommodations. These can help.\\nGet foam earplugs, sunglasses, headphones, and hoodies to manage sensory input.\\nGet a robotic vacuum cleaner, rather than trying to remember to clean by yourself.\\nSkip social events that don't interest you. Socializing takes up energy, so skip any optional events that you think would be too draining.\\nMake schedules, diagrams, and lists as memory aids.\\n3-5. Cut down on masking.\\n\\\"Autistic masking\\\" is the practice of hiding one's autistic traits. However, pretending to be someone you're not has a steep cost. Autistic people who mask report exhaustion and have higher levels of anxiety and depression. To unmask more, you can... \\nStim more\\nSkip the stressful eye contact\\nAvoid or speak up about things that cause you pain (such as a loud blender)\\nSay no to hugs if you don't feel like hugging\\nStop pretending to be okay when you're not\\nLet yourself be \\\"weird\\\"\\n3-6. Know the triggers and work around them.\\nIf you can identify the things that bring on meltdowns, you can learn to avoid them, or prepare coping strategies beforehand.\\n3-7. Get rid of stressful things and people, if possible.\\nYou might not be able to get rid of your father, your English class, or that yappy dog next door. But you do have the power to control some stressful aspects of your life. You can say something is not working, or a person is making your life miserable. Quitting is not always a bad thing; it can be a powerful act of self-care. For example: \\nSay that you're taking college classes, but you are getting stressed out. You might consider dropping the most problematic classes and take a lighter load of classes. It might take longer to get your degree, but plenty of people take more than eight semesters.\\nPerhaps your autistic child loves art, but hates the art club after school, and often melts down upon coming home. You might let your child quit art club, and instead come home in order to relax and have some quiet time.\\nMaybe you enjoyed your job but had a change of supervisor. You really do not respond well to her style. You have tried to adapt, but it is not working out for you. It is OK to hand in your notice if it is making you miserable. Many people quit jobs for this reason.\\n3-8. Surround yourself with people and things that you love.\\nThis will improve your mood and the quality of your life. \\nTry to find a job, volunteer opportunity, or extracurricular activity related to your special interests. If you are given an open-ended project, try to relate it to your passions. Let your knowledge shine.\\nFind a productive hobby. Creating something (whether it's an article or a hat) will make you feel good.\\nGet together at least once a week with your closest friends. (If you don't have close friends, the aforementioned activity can help you find some.)\\nFind a therapist who makes you feel better, not worse. Your happiness and competence are a top priority.\\n3-9. Ensure that there's lots of quiet time each day.\\nAutistic people can experience toxic build-ups of stress, so downtime can be crucial. Try special interests, crochet, reading, music, journal writing, bubble baths, or whatever helps you feel centered and at ease. \\nMake sure that autistic family members can retreat to quiet places to spend time on their own each day. This helps them de-stress.\\n4. Helping a Loved One\\n4-1. React with compassion and gentleness.\\nThe person may be experiencing severe feelings of panic, frustration, confusion, or general distress. It is not their fault, and they cannot stop it. They're under extreme stress, and they need patience and empathy.\\n4-2. Remove any immediate sources of stress.\\nMeltdowns are caused by too much stress, so one of the ways to help is to remove as many stressors as you can. If something in the environment is upsetting the autistic person, get rid of that thing. \\nShoo away anyone who is staring.\\nDon't let people touch the autistic person without permission.\\nRescind any demands that were placed on the autistic person.\\nStop other people from getting in the autistic person's way. Say \\\"Let her be\\\" or \\\"Leave him alone.\\\"\\n4-3. Help them leave.\\nSay something like \\\"Let's get some air\\\" or \\\"Come with me\\\" and lead them to a quieter place. You could take them outdoors, to a bathroom, to a bedroom, or to an unoccupied place. \\nHolding hands may be overwhelming to an autistic person mid-meltdown. You might beckon them to follow you, or have them hold on to another part of you (such as your belt loop).\\n4-4. Ask or infer what they need.\\nThe autistic person instinctively knows what will calm them, whether it's a glass of water, a tight hug, a comfort item, or just some alone time. If they are struggling to speak, get them a pen and paper, or ask questions that can be answered with a thumbs up or thumbs down. \\nIf the person seems overwhelmed, it's best not to press them with questions. You can ask \\\"Do you need quiet?\\\" or \\\"Do you need to be alone?\\\" and see if they give you a thumbs up or thumbs down. If they want to be alone, leave for a while, and check on them later.\\n4-5. Be patient.\\nThe autistic person may cry, rock back and forth, make a mess, or do other unusual things. This is a reaction to stress, similar to a panic attack. Sometimes, they just need to \\\"cry it out.\\\" Be nonjudgmental, and wait for it to be over. \\nFor example, if the person has thrown themselves on the floor sobbing, you could lie down on the floor too and stay with them until they've calmed down. This shows empathy and gives them space too.\\nIf it's too intense for you to be comfortable staying there, it's okay to say \\\"I'll be back\\\" and leave the room.\\n4-6. Give them time to recover.\\nSometimes, five minutes will be enough for them to calm down. Other times, they may need an hour of quiet activities only. Play it by ear, and never force a child to leave before they're ready—this will likely trigger the meltdown they've been holding back.\\n5. Teaching a Family Member to Manage Meltdowns\\n5-1. Set up a quiet space for your autistic family member.\\nTheir bedroom, a closet, a basement corner, or another quiet area can be a good place for an autistic person to go when overwhelmed. Make it as closed-off as possible. Tell the autistic person that they can go there when they're overwhelmed, and tell other people that they need to leave the autistic person alone when they're in their quiet place.\\n5-2. Teach them to advocate for their needs.\\nMost autistic people can identify when they feel upset, and have a feeling of what they need. Explain that it is important that they speak up for their needs. Social stories and modeling can help them learn what to do. Try teaching them one of the following phrases: \\n\\\"Break, please.\\\"\\n\\\"I need to go to my corner.\\\"\\n\\\"I need quiet time, please.\\\"\\n\\\"May I go to my room?\\\"\\n5-3. Pay attention when they advocate for themselves.\\nThey won't continue the behavior unless you reward it by listening. Do what they asked you to do. This proves to them that advocating for themselves is a good strategy and that it works better than bottling up stress until it reaches a meltdown point. \\nBody language is still self-advocacy. Putting up a hand to stop a kiss is self-advocacy. Refusing to wear an itchy sweater is self-advocacy. Listen, even when it's not convenient to you.\\nA nonspeaking person can learn to speak up via alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). AAC can improve communication skills, which reduces meltdowns.\\n5-4. Pay attention\\nWatch for stress buildups, and ask about the need you want them to communicate. For example, ask \\\"Do you need a break?\\\" Listen or watch for their response. \\nIf they nod, you can model for them: \\\"Yes, I need a break, please!\\\" Do this while you lead them away. They will associate the phrase with the action, and start saying the phrase when they need to leave.\\nIf they say no, but still seem upset five minutes later, you can intervene: \\\"You look really overwhelmed. Let's take a break.\\\" Then lead them to a calm place.\\nDon't hold their needs hostage. Never force them to wait until they can speak the phrase.\\n5-5. Help them identify triggers, and find appropriate coping strategies.\\nThis can help them stop a meltdown before it occurs. Try making a list of triggers and strategies together. Consider both what they could do, and what you could do in order to reduce stress. This can include... \\nSensory tools\\nA list of people they can ask for help\\nA comfort item\\nA \\\"secret sign\\\" to signal to caregivers that the child needs a break\\n5-6. Take aggression seriously.\\nAggression is rare in autistic children, and is usually more reactive than proactive. It can happen for a number of reasons. An aggressive outburst might have been caused by a physical sense of danger: somebody blocking their way when they needed to leave, another person bullying them, or an adult reacting abusively. Understand the situation before attempting to impose consequences. \\nAsk the autistic person what happened and why they reacted this way.\\nAsk other people what exactly happened. If somebody behaved physically towards the autistic person (e.g. attempting to pin them down against their will), then the autistic person's reaction was actually a panicked attempt at self-defense, and you must address the other person's behavior.\\nWatch out for therapists and caregivers who are aggressive or cruel towards the autistic person, such as in some forms of ABA therapy.\\nIf violence results as an escalation, talk to both parties, not just the autistic child. For example, if a boy takes a girl's toy and she hits him, it is important to address both his and her behavior.\\n5-7. Be firm about unsafe and unkind behavior.\\nScreaming, crying, flopping to the floor, and stimming are all natural during meltdowns. However, being mean or needlessly aggressive is never acceptable. Here are some ways to deal with it: \\n\\\"It is not okay for you to hit your sister. We are not a violent family. If you're mad at her, you need to use your words or take a break.\\\"\\n\\\"We don't call names when we're upset. It wasn't his fault that you were unhappy. How do you think he felt when you called him ugly?\\\"\\n5-8. Teach positive alternatives to misbehavior.\\nSimply telling a child that something is wrong won't help them—they need to know how to deal with their feelings. Work together with them to come up with alternate solutions. \\n\\\"If you need to punch things when you're upset, do you think it would work for you to punch some pillows or cushions instead? It's okay to punch the couch when you're angry.\\\"\\n\\\"I know that it's not fun for you to scream and cry in the restaurant. Next time you start to feel upset, you can tug on my sleeve and let me know that you need a break, and I'll take you outside so you can feel better.\\\"\\n\\\"Kicking the back of Mommy's chair makes her very uncomfortable. What if you rocked in the rocking chair instead?\\\"\\n5-9. Praise them when they handle things well.\\nComplimenting them will reinforce the good results. Show them that you noticed them using their good coping skills and that you are happy with them. \\n\\\"I saw you asking your therapist for a break today. That was very mature of you to recognize that you needed to pause.\\\"\\n\\\"Good job punching the pillows! That's much better than punching your brother.\\\"\\n\\\"Thank you for telling me that you needed to leave.\\\"\\n5-10. Talk to them after they've calmed down and can think straight.\\nListen patiently to hear the full story. What caused the meltdown? What could they do in future situations like this? What could you do to help them? This will help you work out specific strategies together, and help the child know that they can come to you in the future.\\nTips\\nIf a person isolated themselves during a meltdown, ensure that in the worst-case scenario (e.g.; possible self-harm or harm of others) you’re able to get into the same room, and make sure the person having a meltdown doesn’t hurt anybody when they’re overwhelmed.\\nIf you or your child often experience meltdowns in a certain situation, then there is a serious problem with that situation. See if you can avoid re-experiencing the situation, or, if it is inevitable, make the experience less upsetting.\\nWarnings\\nSave a life—don't call the police if you live in the United States.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n American police may kill or traumatize an autistic person instead of helping them.\\nNever hold down someone against their will or lock them alone in a room. This is extremely dangerous, and will often make them panic. Making a frightened autistic person feel powerless will not improve their self-control.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Meltdowns happen when an autistic person goes through more stress than they can handle. The result is an explosion of panic, heartbreak, rage, or other intense emotions when they lose control. Reducing stress, taking a proactive approach, and building skills can help reduce meltdowns.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognizing the Signs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep an eye out for emotional signs of stress.\", \"描述\": \"Keep track of your or your loved one's emotional state during the day, and notice when stress is building up. This will help you assess the risk of a meltdown.\\nLooking frustrated, agitated, or overwhelmed\\nFrowning, or looking upset\\nFeeling bad about oneself\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for physical and psychosomatic signs of stress.\", \"描述\": \"Symptoms of stress vary from person to person. Under stress, people may experience:\\nHeadache\\nTense muscles (may lead to aches and pains)\\nTightness or pain in the stomach\\nChanges in appetite\\nDecreased concentration\\nFatigue\\nClenched jaw\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for self-calming behavior.\", \"描述\": \"Under stress, autistic people will naturally try to calm and protect themselves. Here are several things you may notice: \\nSelf-isolating\\nRestricting sensory input, like covering ears or eyes\\nRetreating deeper into one's own world\\nStimming more\\nUsing learned coping strategies (e.g. deep breaths)\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check the person's face.\", \"描述\": \"If you're checking on a loved one, a quick glance will usually let you see their expression. If you're the autistic person, and you aren't very aware of your mood or what your face is doing, you might touch your face or use a mirror. \\nBathroom mirrors are a good opportunity to observe your face. The tactic of excusing yourself to the restroom both removes you from the situation and allows you to \\\"check-in\\\" with what your facial muscles are indicating you are feeling.\\nFeeling your face can also help detect stress. For instance, touching your eyebrows may reveal they are furrowed. Your jaw might be tight. Your temples could feel tight to the touch. All of these are physical indications that you are stressed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Intervening Early\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow your instincts.\", \"描述\": \"If you feel like sitting outside is better than sitting in a crowded cafeteria, go outside. If you think that stimming or wearing earplugs would help, make it happen, and don't worry about what others think. Your or your loved one's emotional health matters more than others' opinions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"See if you can leave a stressful situation.\", \"描述\": \"Try going outdoors for some fresh air, or taking a bathroom break and washing your face. Be polite, but firm (if need be) about your need to leave. Here are some ways to communicate that you need to take a break or leave: \\n\\\"I'm feeling a little off. I'm going to get some fresh air.\\\"\\n\\\"I'm going to the bathroom; I'll be right back.\\\"\\n\\\"I need to go so that I won't be late.\\\" (You don't need to specify that this \\\"appointment\\\" is with a DVD and a bowl of ice cream.)\\n\\\"It's getting late, and I'm getting tired. I'm going to head home.\\\"\\n\\\"This has been a wonderful party, but I have some homework/chores/confidential government work to do tonight. I'll see you tomorrow.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"See which coping mechanisms would help with self-calming.\", \"描述\": \"Now is not the time to \\\"be strong\\\" or \\\"tough it out,\\\" because this almost always backfires in the end. Instead, try a little quiet time or pampering. \\nUse a favorite stim toy.\\nGet deep pressure. Massages, heavy clothing, bear hugs, and tight squeezes are ways to get this.\\nEat something sweet or drink something warm.\\nDo relaxation exercises, like deep breathing or imagery.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"When in doubt, leave.\", \"描述\": \"Stress buildup worsens meltdowns, so a misguided attempt to \\\"tough it out\\\" can cause things to grow even worse. Escape as quickly as possible, take as much time as you or your loved one needs, and return once you feel better (if at all).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Living Well\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Carry around some self-calming tools.\", \"描述\": \"Stock a bag with a few stim toys, lollipops, a handheld beanbag, lotion, bracelets, or whatever it is that helps with self-calming. This way, you'll be prepared when stress starts to build up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stim\", \"描述\": \"Stimming and exercise reduce stress, burn calories, and provide numerous other benefits. They will relieve excess energy from your system and boost your mood and ability to focus. Here are small alterations you can make to increase your activity: \\nTake a 10-minute walk every evening. Bring a loved one and talk about your day.\\nPlay backyard sports with family members.\\nGet off the bus one stop early and appreciate the fresh air.\\nSwing.\\nSubstitute a desk chair for an exercise ball. Bounce as much as you please.\\nTake your kids or siblings out to a park.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Eat well, and get enough sleep.\", \"描述\": \"Sleeplessness and poor diet can increase your levels of stress, thus making it harder for you to stop a meltdown. \\nUnfortunately, many autistic people struggle with sleep. Melatonin supplements may help. Don't hesitate to talk to a doctor if you suspect a sleep disorder.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find little ways to make your life easier.\", \"描述\": \"It is okay to make adjustments, and it is okay to be disabled in public. Try going to the autistic community (such as #AskAnAutistic) for tips from like-minded people. \\nAsk for disability accommodations. These can help.\\nGet foam earplugs, sunglasses, headphones, and hoodies to manage sensory input.\\nGet a robotic vacuum cleaner, rather than trying to remember to clean by yourself.\\nSkip social events that don't interest you. Socializing takes up energy, so skip any optional events that you think would be too draining.\\nMake schedules, diagrams, and lists as memory aids.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Cut down on masking.\", \"描述\": \"\\\"Autistic masking\\\" is the practice of hiding one's autistic traits. However, pretending to be someone you're not has a steep cost. Autistic people who mask report exhaustion and have higher levels of anxiety and depression. To unmask more, you can... \\nStim more\\nSkip the stressful eye contact\\nAvoid or speak up about things that cause you pain (such as a loud blender)\\nSay no to hugs if you don't feel like hugging\\nStop pretending to be okay when you're not\\nLet yourself be \\\"weird\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Know the triggers and work around them.\", \"描述\": \"If you can identify the things that bring on meltdowns, you can learn to avoid them, or prepare coping strategies beforehand.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Get rid of stressful things and people, if possible.\", \"描述\": \"You might not be able to get rid of your father, your English class, or that yappy dog next door. But you do have the power to control some stressful aspects of your life. You can say something is not working, or a person is making your life miserable. Quitting is not always a bad thing; it can be a powerful act of self-care. For example: \\nSay that you're taking college classes, but you are getting stressed out. You might consider dropping the most problematic classes and take a lighter load of classes. It might take longer to get your degree, but plenty of people take more than eight semesters.\\nPerhaps your autistic child loves art, but hates the art club after school, and often melts down upon coming home. You might let your child quit art club, and instead come home in order to relax and have some quiet time.\\nMaybe you enjoyed your job but had a change of supervisor. You really do not respond well to her style. You have tried to adapt, but it is not working out for you. It is OK to hand in your notice if it is making you miserable. Many people quit jobs for this reason.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Surround yourself with people and things that you love.\", \"描述\": \"This will improve your mood and the quality of your life. \\nTry to find a job, volunteer opportunity, or extracurricular activity related to your special interests. If you are given an open-ended project, try to relate it to your passions. Let your knowledge shine.\\nFind a productive hobby. Creating something (whether it's an article or a hat) will make you feel good.\\nGet together at least once a week with your closest friends. (If you don't have close friends, the aforementioned activity can help you find some.)\\nFind a therapist who makes you feel better, not worse. Your happiness and competence are a top priority.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Ensure that there's lots of quiet time each day.\", \"描述\": \"Autistic people can experience toxic build-ups of stress, so downtime can be crucial. Try special interests, crochet, reading, music, journal writing, bubble baths, or whatever helps you feel centered and at ease. \\nMake sure that autistic family members can retreat to quiet places to spend time on their own each day. This helps them de-stress.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Helping a Loved One\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"React with compassion and gentleness.\", \"描述\": \"The person may be experiencing severe feelings of panic, frustration, confusion, or general distress. It is not their fault, and they cannot stop it. They're under extreme stress, and they need patience and empathy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Remove any immediate sources of stress.\", \"描述\": \"Meltdowns are caused by too much stress, so one of the ways to help is to remove as many stressors as you can. If something in the environment is upsetting the autistic person, get rid of that thing. \\nShoo away anyone who is staring.\\nDon't let people touch the autistic person without permission.\\nRescind any demands that were placed on the autistic person.\\nStop other people from getting in the autistic person's way. Say \\\"Let her be\\\" or \\\"Leave him alone.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Help them leave.\", \"描述\": \"Say something like \\\"Let's get some air\\\" or \\\"Come with me\\\" and lead them to a quieter place. You could take them outdoors, to a bathroom, to a bedroom, or to an unoccupied place. \\nHolding hands may be overwhelming to an autistic person mid-meltdown. You might beckon them to follow you, or have them hold on to another part of you (such as your belt loop).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask or infer what they need.\", \"描述\": \"The autistic person instinctively knows what will calm them, whether it's a glass of water, a tight hug, a comfort item, or just some alone time. If they are struggling to speak, get them a pen and paper, or ask questions that can be answered with a thumbs up or thumbs down. \\nIf the person seems overwhelmed, it's best not to press them with questions. You can ask \\\"Do you need quiet?\\\" or \\\"Do you need to be alone?\\\" and see if they give you a thumbs up or thumbs down. If they want to be alone, leave for a while, and check on them later.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be patient.\", \"描述\": \"The autistic person may cry, rock back and forth, make a mess, or do other unusual things. This is a reaction to stress, similar to a panic attack. Sometimes, they just need to \\\"cry it out.\\\" Be nonjudgmental, and wait for it to be over. \\nFor example, if the person has thrown themselves on the floor sobbing, you could lie down on the floor too and stay with them until they've calmed down. This shows empathy and gives them space too.\\nIf it's too intense for you to be comfortable staying there, it's okay to say \\\"I'll be back\\\" and leave the room.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Give them time to recover.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes, five minutes will be enough for them to calm down. Other times, they may need an hour of quiet activities only. Play it by ear, and never force a child to leave before they're ready—this will likely trigger the meltdown they've been holding back.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Teaching a Family Member to Manage Meltdowns\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set up a quiet space for your autistic family member.\", \"描述\": \"Their bedroom, a closet, a basement corner, or another quiet area can be a good place for an autistic person to go when overwhelmed. Make it as closed-off as possible. Tell the autistic person that they can go there when they're overwhelmed, and tell other people that they need to leave the autistic person alone when they're in their quiet place.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Teach them to advocate for their needs.\", \"描述\": \"Most autistic people can identify when they feel upset, and have a feeling of what they need. Explain that it is important that they speak up for their needs. Social stories and modeling can help them learn what to do. Try teaching them one of the following phrases: \\n\\\"Break, please.\\\"\\n\\\"I need to go to my corner.\\\"\\n\\\"I need quiet time, please.\\\"\\n\\\"May I go to my room?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay attention when they advocate for themselves.\", \"描述\": \"They won't continue the behavior unless you reward it by listening. Do what they asked you to do. This proves to them that advocating for themselves is a good strategy and that it works better than bottling up stress until it reaches a meltdown point. \\nBody language is still self-advocacy. Putting up a hand to stop a kiss is self-advocacy. Refusing to wear an itchy sweater is self-advocacy. Listen, even when it's not convenient to you.\\nA nonspeaking person can learn to speak up via alternative and augmentative communication (AAC). AAC can improve communication skills, which reduces meltdowns.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pay attention\", \"描述\": \"Watch for stress buildups, and ask about the need you want them to communicate. For example, ask \\\"Do you need a break?\\\" Listen or watch for their response. \\nIf they nod, you can model for them: \\\"Yes, I need a break, please!\\\" Do this while you lead them away. They will associate the phrase with the action, and start saying the phrase when they need to leave.\\nIf they say no, but still seem upset five minutes later, you can intervene: \\\"You look really overwhelmed. Let's take a break.\\\" Then lead them to a calm place.\\nDon't hold their needs hostage. Never force them to wait until they can speak the phrase.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Help them identify triggers, and find appropriate coping strategies.\", \"描述\": \"This can help them stop a meltdown before it occurs. Try making a list of triggers and strategies together. Consider both what they could do, and what you could do in order to reduce stress. This can include... \\nSensory tools\\nA list of people they can ask for help\\nA comfort item\\nA \\\"secret sign\\\" to signal to caregivers that the child needs a break\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take aggression seriously.\", \"描述\": \"Aggression is rare in autistic children, and is usually more reactive than proactive. It can happen for a number of reasons. An aggressive outburst might have been caused by a physical sense of danger: somebody blocking their way when they needed to leave, another person bullying them, or an adult reacting abusively. Understand the situation before attempting to impose consequences. \\nAsk the autistic person what happened and why they reacted this way.\\nAsk other people what exactly happened. If somebody behaved physically towards the autistic person (e.g. attempting to pin them down against their will), then the autistic person's reaction was actually a panicked attempt at self-defense, and you must address the other person's behavior.\\nWatch out for therapists and caregivers who are aggressive or cruel towards the autistic person, such as in some forms of ABA therapy.\\nIf violence results as an escalation, talk to both parties, not just the autistic child. For example, if a boy takes a girl's toy and she hits him, it is important to address both his and her behavior.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be firm about unsafe and unkind behavior.\", \"描述\": \"Screaming, crying, flopping to the floor, and stimming are all natural during meltdowns. However, being mean or needlessly aggressive is never acceptable. Here are some ways to deal with it: \\n\\\"It is not okay for you to hit your sister. We are not a violent family. If you're mad at her, you need to use your words or take a break.\\\"\\n\\\"We don't call names when we're upset. It wasn't his fault that you were unhappy. How do you think he felt when you called him ugly?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Teach positive alternatives to misbehavior.\", \"描述\": \"Simply telling a child that something is wrong won't help them—they need to know how to deal with their feelings. Work together with them to come up with alternate solutions. \\n\\\"If you need to punch things when you're upset, do you think it would work for you to punch some pillows or cushions instead? It's okay to punch the couch when you're angry.\\\"\\n\\\"I know that it's not fun for you to scream and cry in the restaurant. Next time you start to feel upset, you can tug on my sleeve and let me know that you need a break, and I'll take you outside so you can feel better.\\\"\\n\\\"Kicking the back of Mommy's chair makes her very uncomfortable. What if you rocked in the rocking chair instead?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Praise them when they handle things well.\", \"描述\": \"Complimenting them will reinforce the good results. Show them that you noticed them using their good coping skills and that you are happy with them. \\n\\\"I saw you asking your therapist for a break today. That was very mature of you to recognize that you needed to pause.\\\"\\n\\\"Good job punching the pillows! That's much better than punching your brother.\\\"\\n\\\"Thank you for telling me that you needed to leave.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Talk to them after they've calmed down and can think straight.\", \"描述\": \"Listen patiently to hear the full story. What caused the meltdown? What could they do in future situations like this? What could you do to help them? This will help you work out specific strategies together, and help the child know that they can come to you in the future.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If a person isolated themselves during a meltdown, ensure that in the worst-case scenario (e.g.; possible self-harm or harm of others) you’re able to get into the same room, and make sure the person having a meltdown doesn’t hurt anybody when they’re overwhelmed.\\n\", \"If you or your child often experience meltdowns in a certain situation, then there is a serious problem with that situation. See if you can avoid re-experiencing the situation, or, if it is inevitable, make the experience less upsetting.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Save a life—don't call the police if you live in the United States.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n American police may kill or traumatize an autistic person instead of helping them.\\n\", \"Never hold down someone against their will or lock them alone in a room. This is extremely dangerous, and will often make them panic. Making a frightened autistic person feel powerless will not improve their self-control.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,119 | How to Avoid Mercury in Your Skin Products | 1. Identifying Mercury in Skin Care Products
1-1. Recognize common products that use mercury.
There may be mercury lurking in many of your skin care products. However, some are more likely to contain it. Check any of the following to see if they contain mercury:
Skin creams, especially anti-aging and skin lightening
Beauty and antiseptic soaps
Lotions
1-2. Read the product label for mercury synonyms.
Since mercury doesn't have a distinctive smell or color, the only way to tell if it is in a product is to read the labeling. In the US, all cosmetic products are required to list their ingredients. Skin care containing mercury is often marketed as anti-aging and/or lightening or whitening. Look for the word “mercury” or any of the following synonyms for it on your product’s label:
Calomel
Mercurous chloride
Mercuric
Mercurio
1-3. Steer clear of products without a proper ingredients label.
Most countries require that products within their borders contain a label. This can ensure that the product is regulated and won’t pose any harm to the consumer. If your products have no label or one in a language you don’t understand, avoid purchasing or using it. This can minimize your and other people’s risk of exposure to mercury.
Make sure any labeling is clearly written in a language that you understand. Don’t rely on other people or online translators to decode a product label that may have mercury in it.
Stay away from products that do not list a country of origin.
Recognize that products without a label may be illegally marketed.
1-4. Watch out for specific skin care product brands.
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has identified specific skin care product brands that contain excessive mercury. Try and avoid products from the following brands:
Diana
Fasco
Stillman’s
Crema Piel De Seda (Silky Skin Cream)
2. Taking Additional Precautions to Avoid Mercury
2-1. Be wary of imported or foreign products.
When buying your skin care, use caution if you’re considering an imported product. You should also watch for mercury if you’re traveling and want to try foreign skin care. Local regulations may not require testing for mercury.
Use caution with products, even if a person tells you they’re “safe.” Anything without a label or written in a language you don’t understand may contain mercury.
Skin lightening products from Africa or the Caribbean are more likely to contain mercury.
2-2. Locate places most likely to sell products with mercury.
Certain retailers are more likely to sell skin care products containing mercury. Knowing what types of places may sell these product can help you avoid purchasing potentially harmful skin care. These locations include:
Grocery stores
Ethnic markets, particularly one with Asian, African, Middle Eastern, or Latino customers
Social media sites
Mobile apps
2-3. Toss the product properly.
If you are using or suspect that you may have skin care containing mercury, stop using it immediately. You need to get rid of the product with a local waste company or trash collection because mercury is considered “hazardous waste.” Collect any products containing mercury in a sealed container and take it to your local hazardous waste facility.
Get rid of any products about which you may be unsure. It’s better to be safe than sorry.
2-4. Get rid of potentially contaminated textiles.
Your family can breathe in mercury vapors if you have a product on your skin with it. But textiles such as washcloths and towel may also present a risk of exposure to mercury. Put any textiles you have used in a sealed container and take to the local hazardous waste collector along with the products themselves.
Recognize that it may be expensive to replace textiles exposed to your skin care products. However, it is cheaper than dealing with medical bills from mercury poisoning or toxicity.
Tips
Report any products containing mercury to the Food and Drug Administration if you live in the United States. You can do this with either the FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinator in your state or by filling out an electronic or paper Voluntary MedWatch form and sending it to the FDA.[13]
X
Trustworthy Source
US Food and Drug Administration
U.S. government agency responsible for promoting public health
Go to source
Warnings
Mercury absorbs easily through the skin, but you do not need to touch or come in contact with mercury for it to be harmful.
Be aware that using a skin care product containing mercury while pregnant or nursing can increase your child’s risk of mercury toxicity.[14]
X
Trustworthy Source
US Food and Drug Administration
U.S. government agency responsible for promoting public health
Go to source
Call your doctor or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 immediately if you show signs of mercury poisoning. Symptoms include drowsiness, fatigue, hair loss, inflamed gums, insomnia, irritability, memory loss, rash, tingling of the extremities, tremors, and weakness.[15]
X
Trustworthy Source
Consumer Reports
Nonprofit organization dedicated to consumer advocacy and product testing
Go to source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Identifying Mercury in Skin Care Products\\n1-1. Recognize common products that use mercury.\\nThere may be mercury lurking in many of your skin care products. However, some are more likely to contain it. Check any of the following to see if they contain mercury:\\nSkin creams, especially anti-aging and skin lightening\\nBeauty and antiseptic soaps\\nLotions\\n1-2. Read the product label for mercury synonyms.\\nSince mercury doesn't have a distinctive smell or color, the only way to tell if it is in a product is to read the labeling. In the US, all cosmetic products are required to list their ingredients. Skin care containing mercury is often marketed as anti-aging and/or lightening or whitening. Look for the word “mercury” or any of the following synonyms for it on your product’s label:\\nCalomel\\nMercurous chloride\\nMercuric\\nMercurio\\n1-3. Steer clear of products without a proper ingredients label.\\nMost countries require that products within their borders contain a label. This can ensure that the product is regulated and won’t pose any harm to the consumer. If your products have no label or one in a language you don’t understand, avoid purchasing or using it. This can minimize your and other people’s risk of exposure to mercury.\\nMake sure any labeling is clearly written in a language that you understand. Don’t rely on other people or online translators to decode a product label that may have mercury in it.\\nStay away from products that do not list a country of origin.\\nRecognize that products without a label may be illegally marketed.\\n1-4. Watch out for specific skin care product brands.\\nIn the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has identified specific skin care product brands that contain excessive mercury. Try and avoid products from the following brands:\\nDiana\\nFasco\\nStillman’s\\nCrema Piel De Seda (Silky Skin Cream)\\n2. Taking Additional Precautions to Avoid Mercury\\n2-1. Be wary of imported or foreign products.\\nWhen buying your skin care, use caution if you’re considering an imported product. You should also watch for mercury if you’re traveling and want to try foreign skin care. Local regulations may not require testing for mercury.\\nUse caution with products, even if a person tells you they’re “safe.” Anything without a label or written in a language you don’t understand may contain mercury.\\nSkin lightening products from Africa or the Caribbean are more likely to contain mercury.\\n2-2. Locate places most likely to sell products with mercury.\\nCertain retailers are more likely to sell skin care products containing mercury. Knowing what types of places may sell these product can help you avoid purchasing potentially harmful skin care. These locations include:\\nGrocery stores\\nEthnic markets, particularly one with Asian, African, Middle Eastern, or Latino customers\\nSocial media sites\\nMobile apps\\n2-3. Toss the product properly.\\nIf you are using or suspect that you may have skin care containing mercury, stop using it immediately. You need to get rid of the product with a local waste company or trash collection because mercury is considered “hazardous waste.” Collect any products containing mercury in a sealed container and take it to your local hazardous waste facility.\\nGet rid of any products about which you may be unsure. It’s better to be safe than sorry.\\n2-4. Get rid of potentially contaminated textiles.\\nYour family can breathe in mercury vapors if you have a product on your skin with it. But textiles such as washcloths and towel may also present a risk of exposure to mercury. Put any textiles you have used in a sealed container and take to the local hazardous waste collector along with the products themselves.\\nRecognize that it may be expensive to replace textiles exposed to your skin care products. However, it is cheaper than dealing with medical bills from mercury poisoning or toxicity.\\nTips\\nReport any products containing mercury to the Food and Drug Administration if you live in the United States. You can do this with either the FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinator in your state or by filling out an electronic or paper Voluntary MedWatch form and sending it to the FDA.[13]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Food and Drug Administration\\nU.S. government agency responsible for promoting public health\\nGo to source\\nWarnings\\nMercury absorbs easily through the skin, but you do not need to touch or come in contact with mercury for it to be harmful.\\nBe aware that using a skin care product containing mercury while pregnant or nursing can increase your child’s risk of mercury toxicity.[14]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Food and Drug Administration\\nU.S. government agency responsible for promoting public health\\nGo to source\\nCall your doctor or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 immediately if you show signs of mercury poisoning. Symptoms include drowsiness, fatigue, hair loss, inflamed gums, insomnia, irritability, memory loss, rash, tingling of the extremities, tremors, and weakness.[15]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nConsumer Reports\\nNonprofit organization dedicated to consumer advocacy and product testing\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Mercury is a metal that is poisonous to humans in any form. Poisoning can occur through ingestion, injection and absorption through the skin. People have used mercury for centuries in different medications and consumer products. One common product containing mercury is skin care. Anti-aging, blemish correcting, and skin lightening or whitening products are the most likely to have mercury, especially in unsafe doses. Using skin care with mercury is not only dangerous for you, but also for anyone who may touch your skin or be close enough to breathe any fumes. You can avoid mercury in skin care by identifying it in products and taking additional precautions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identifying Mercury in Skin Care Products\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognize common products that use mercury.\", \"描述\": \"There may be mercury lurking in many of your skin care products. However, some are more likely to contain it. Check any of the following to see if they contain mercury:\\nSkin creams, especially anti-aging and skin lightening\\nBeauty and antiseptic soaps\\nLotions\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Read the product label for mercury synonyms.\", \"描述\": \"Since mercury doesn't have a distinctive smell or color, the only way to tell if it is in a product is to read the labeling. In the US, all cosmetic products are required to list their ingredients. Skin care containing mercury is often marketed as anti-aging and/or lightening or whitening. Look for the word “mercury” or any of the following synonyms for it on your product’s label:\\nCalomel\\nMercurous chloride\\nMercuric\\nMercurio\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Steer clear of products without a proper ingredients label.\", \"描述\": \"Most countries require that products within their borders contain a label. This can ensure that the product is regulated and won’t pose any harm to the consumer. If your products have no label or one in a language you don’t understand, avoid purchasing or using it. This can minimize your and other people’s risk of exposure to mercury.\\nMake sure any labeling is clearly written in a language that you understand. Don’t rely on other people or online translators to decode a product label that may have mercury in it.\\nStay away from products that do not list a country of origin.\\nRecognize that products without a label may be illegally marketed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Watch out for specific skin care product brands.\", \"描述\": \"In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has identified specific skin care product brands that contain excessive mercury. Try and avoid products from the following brands:\\nDiana\\nFasco\\nStillman’s\\nCrema Piel De Seda (Silky Skin Cream)\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking Additional Precautions to Avoid Mercury\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be wary of imported or foreign products.\", \"描述\": \"When buying your skin care, use caution if you’re considering an imported product. You should also watch for mercury if you’re traveling and want to try foreign skin care. Local regulations may not require testing for mercury.\\nUse caution with products, even if a person tells you they’re “safe.” Anything without a label or written in a language you don’t understand may contain mercury.\\nSkin lightening products from Africa or the Caribbean are more likely to contain mercury.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Locate places most likely to sell products with mercury.\", \"描述\": \"Certain retailers are more likely to sell skin care products containing mercury. Knowing what types of places may sell these product can help you avoid purchasing potentially harmful skin care. These locations include:\\nGrocery stores\\nEthnic markets, particularly one with Asian, African, Middle Eastern, or Latino customers\\nSocial media sites\\nMobile apps\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Toss the product properly.\", \"描述\": \"If you are using or suspect that you may have skin care containing mercury, stop using it immediately. You need to get rid of the product with a local waste company or trash collection because mercury is considered “hazardous waste.” Collect any products containing mercury in a sealed container and take it to your local hazardous waste facility.\\nGet rid of any products about which you may be unsure. It’s better to be safe than sorry.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get rid of potentially contaminated textiles.\", \"描述\": \"Your family can breathe in mercury vapors if you have a product on your skin with it. But textiles such as washcloths and towel may also present a risk of exposure to mercury. Put any textiles you have used in a sealed container and take to the local hazardous waste collector along with the products themselves.\\nRecognize that it may be expensive to replace textiles exposed to your skin care products. However, it is cheaper than dealing with medical bills from mercury poisoning or toxicity.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Report any products containing mercury to the Food and Drug Administration if you live in the United States. You can do this with either the FDA Consumer Complaint Coordinator in your state or by filling out an electronic or paper Voluntary MedWatch form and sending it to the FDA.[13]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Food and Drug Administration\\nU.S. government agency responsible for promoting public health\\nGo to source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Mercury absorbs easily through the skin, but you do not need to touch or come in contact with mercury for it to be harmful.\\n\", \"Be aware that using a skin care product containing mercury while pregnant or nursing can increase your child’s risk of mercury toxicity.[14]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nUS Food and Drug Administration\\nU.S. government agency responsible for promoting public health\\nGo to source\\n\", \"Call your doctor or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 immediately if you show signs of mercury poisoning. Symptoms include drowsiness, fatigue, hair loss, inflamed gums, insomnia, irritability, memory loss, rash, tingling of the extremities, tremors, and weakness.[15]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nConsumer Reports\\nNonprofit organization dedicated to consumer advocacy and product testing\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,120 | How to Avoid Microplastics: Reducing Your Everyday Exposure | 1. Drink filtered tap water.
Tap water contains less microplastic than plastic water bottles.
This is especially if you filter your water. If you're in the habit of picking up bottled water when you go out, make the switch to a reusable bottle and fill it up with filtered tap water throughout the day. You'll save money and reduce your microplastic intake!
In a large study on microplastics in bottled water, researchers found microplastic in 93% of the samples they tested. This means you're more likely to drink microplastics if you drink from a plastic water bottle than if you drink filtered tap water.
2. Avoid single-use packaging.
Bring your own reusable cutlery and takeout containers.
When hot food comes into contact with plastic to-go containers, more of the chemicals leach into your food. The same goes for your morning cup of coffee from a disposable cup, which is lined with plastic. To avoid microplastics in your food, bring your own bamboo utensils or cutlery and have metal or glass containers to package your food.
If you place a takeout order, tell them you'll bring your own containers when you pick the food up.
Plastic utensils are used for an average of 3 minutes, but the plastic breaks down in the environment for hundreds of years.
3. Store your food in metal or glass containers.
Avoid keeping your food in plastic wrap, plastic bags, or plastic containers.
When your food comes into contact with plastic for an extended period of time, it's more likely to absorb chemicals from the plastic. Instead, reach for metal or glass containers, and try beeswax wrap instead of plastic wrap.
To cut back on plastic wrap, get creative with plates—if you cut a lemon or onion in half, turn it upside down so it sits flat on a dish. Then, stick it in the fridge. No need for plastic.
4. Avoid microwaving plastic and microwavable meals.
Microwaving food in plastic causes the plastic to break down faster.
It's much safer to put your food into a glass or ceramic dish and microwave it. Avoid eating frozen pre-packaged meals that you heat in the microwave. These foods have been in contact with plastic for a long time and heating them up in the plastic can release microplastic into the food.
5. Limit your intake of seafood, especially shellfish.
Fish and bivalves like clams and oysters consume plastic in the ocean.
When you eat seafood, you ingest those microplastics. While all seafood is exposed to microplastics, mussels and oysters have some of the highest levels.
If you like seafood and don't want to give it up entirely, you might choose to skip bivalves and enjoy fish once in a while.
6. Eat more fresh, whole food.
Cut back on processed foods since they contain more microplastics.
"Processed foods" are usually made in a factory (and typically, they'll have a super long ingredient list). Ultra-processed foods like chips, fast food, fries, and frozen meals contain higher levels of microplastics that break down into phthalates—chemicals that can contribute to chronic disease. To play it safe, stick with unprocessed or minimally processed food.
You may have heard that some produce, like apples and carrots, contains microplastics. While this is true, fresh produce still contains fewer microplastics than processed convenience foods.
Tea steeped in bags is actually high in microplastics, so switch to loose leaf tea.
7. Shop for clothes made from natural fibers.
Synthetic fibers shed microplastics every time you wash them.
In fact, textiles are one of the biggest contributors to microplastic pollution. Read labels when you shop for clothes, sheets, or blankets, and avoid buying synthetic materials—polyester, acrylic, nylon, spandex, rayon, and microfiber. Instead, get cotton, wool, hemp, or linen products.
If you can't afford natural fibers, check out secondhand shops. Even if you can't find natural fibers there, buying synthetic clothes from a thrift store is better than buying them brand new.
8. Wash your clothes on a cool, efficient cycle.
Wait until you have a full load to run, so fewer microplastics are released.
Set the machine to run a low-water or energy-efficient cycle using cold or cool water. If you don't have an energy-efficient option, wash your clothes on a short cycle to minimize the amount of time that your clothes rub against each other, releasing microplastics.
Look into getting a filter that attaches to your machine's hose or a ball that catches microplastics from your clothes—empty the ball into your trash to prevent microplastics from getting into the water system.
9. Air dry your clothes instead of using a dryer.
Drying your clothes in a machine releases thousands of microplastics.
A simple way to drastically cut back on microplastics is to hang your clothes on a line or drying rack to air dry. Your clothes will last longer, too!
Researchers found that running a load of laundry through the dryer released microfibers 30 feet (9.1 m) away from the vent—directly into the environment.
10. Shop sustainably to avoid plastic packaging.
Head to the bulk bins and use your own cloth bags.
Packaging is a huge contributor to microplastic pollution—just look at your weekly grocery haul. The next time you shop, see what foods you can buy from the bulk bins and bring your own cloth bags. Many stores offer a discount for bringing your own bags, so you'll reduce your plastic consumption and save a little money.
If you have to buy food that's in plastic, avoid containers with the codes 3 and 6 since these are more harmful than codes 2, 4, and 5.
Code 3 plastic is PVC, which leaches phthalates—a chemical that disrupts your hormones.
Code 6 plastic is polystyrene or styrofoam, which breaks up really easily into microplastics. It's also a probable carcinogen.
11. Use plastic-free cosmetics and personal products.
Read labels and avoid items that contribute to microplastic runoff.
While microbeads have been banned since 2015, microplastics are still in a lot of cosmetics, toothpaste, and skincare products. Shop around and pass on products that contain these plastics:
Polythelene
Polypropylene
Nylon
Polymethyl methacrylate
Acrylates Copolymer
12. Vacuum and dust frequently.
Dust
Wipe down surfaces in your home and vacuum before you actually notice dust or you may breathe in more microplastics.
For the best results, use a vacuum with a HEPA filter.
You may have been told to dust with a microfiber cloth, but microfiber cloths are a huge source of microplastics. Reach for old sheets, towels, or clothes to use as dusting rags instead.
13. Take public transportation.
Driving your car causes the tires to break down and release microplastics.
This is why cities or areas with traffic congestion have higher pollution. Tire erosion contributes to something called "city dust"—a mix of microplastics from tires, household plastics, and industrial plastic use. To minimize microplastics, use public transit whenever you can to reduce tire erosion.
If it's not feasible for you to take public transit, ride your bike instead or carpool with neighbors and co-workers.
If you have to drive, combine your errands, so you're being more efficient about driving.
14. Support legislation to reduce plastic use.
Read up on relevant legislation and urge representatives to pass it.
Pay attention to plastics in politics at the federal, state, and local levels. Call or email your senators and representatives to let them know that reducing plastic production and use is important to you.
If you're unhappy with the steps your legislators may or may not be taking, start your own grassroots movement to reduce microplastics in your community. You might just be the change your community needs!
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:17",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Drink filtered tap water.\\nTap water contains less microplastic than plastic water bottles.\\nThis is especially if you filter your water. If you're in the habit of picking up bottled water when you go out, make the switch to a reusable bottle and fill it up with filtered tap water throughout the day. You'll save money and reduce your microplastic intake!\\nIn a large study on microplastics in bottled water, researchers found microplastic in 93% of the samples they tested. This means you're more likely to drink microplastics if you drink from a plastic water bottle than if you drink filtered tap water.\\n2. Avoid single-use packaging.\\nBring your own reusable cutlery and takeout containers.\\nWhen hot food comes into contact with plastic to-go containers, more of the chemicals leach into your food. The same goes for your morning cup of coffee from a disposable cup, which is lined with plastic. To avoid microplastics in your food, bring your own bamboo utensils or cutlery and have metal or glass containers to package your food.\\nIf you place a takeout order, tell them you'll bring your own containers when you pick the food up.\\nPlastic utensils are used for an average of 3 minutes, but the plastic breaks down in the environment for hundreds of years.\\n3. Store your food in metal or glass containers.\\nAvoid keeping your food in plastic wrap, plastic bags, or plastic containers.\\nWhen your food comes into contact with plastic for an extended period of time, it's more likely to absorb chemicals from the plastic. Instead, reach for metal or glass containers, and try beeswax wrap instead of plastic wrap.\\nTo cut back on plastic wrap, get creative with plates—if you cut a lemon or onion in half, turn it upside down so it sits flat on a dish. Then, stick it in the fridge. No need for plastic.\\n4. Avoid microwaving plastic and microwavable meals.\\nMicrowaving food in plastic causes the plastic to break down faster.\\nIt's much safer to put your food into a glass or ceramic dish and microwave it. Avoid eating frozen pre-packaged meals that you heat in the microwave. These foods have been in contact with plastic for a long time and heating them up in the plastic can release microplastic into the food.\\n5. Limit your intake of seafood, especially shellfish.\\nFish and bivalves like clams and oysters consume plastic in the ocean.\\nWhen you eat seafood, you ingest those microplastics. While all seafood is exposed to microplastics, mussels and oysters have some of the highest levels.\\nIf you like seafood and don't want to give it up entirely, you might choose to skip bivalves and enjoy fish once in a while.\\n6. Eat more fresh, whole food.\\nCut back on processed foods since they contain more microplastics.\\n\\\"Processed foods\\\" are usually made in a factory (and typically, they'll have a super long ingredient list). Ultra-processed foods like chips, fast food, fries, and frozen meals contain higher levels of microplastics that break down into phthalates—chemicals that can contribute to chronic disease. To play it safe, stick with unprocessed or minimally processed food.\\nYou may have heard that some produce, like apples and carrots, contains microplastics. While this is true, fresh produce still contains fewer microplastics than processed convenience foods.\\nTea steeped in bags is actually high in microplastics, so switch to loose leaf tea.\\n7. Shop for clothes made from natural fibers.\\nSynthetic fibers shed microplastics every time you wash them.\\nIn fact, textiles are one of the biggest contributors to microplastic pollution. Read labels when you shop for clothes, sheets, or blankets, and avoid buying synthetic materials—polyester, acrylic, nylon, spandex, rayon, and microfiber. Instead, get cotton, wool, hemp, or linen products.\\nIf you can't afford natural fibers, check out secondhand shops. Even if you can't find natural fibers there, buying synthetic clothes from a thrift store is better than buying them brand new.\\n8. Wash your clothes on a cool, efficient cycle.\\nWait until you have a full load to run, so fewer microplastics are released.\\nSet the machine to run a low-water or energy-efficient cycle using cold or cool water. If you don't have an energy-efficient option, wash your clothes on a short cycle to minimize the amount of time that your clothes rub against each other, releasing microplastics.\\nLook into getting a filter that attaches to your machine's hose or a ball that catches microplastics from your clothes—empty the ball into your trash to prevent microplastics from getting into the water system.\\n9. Air dry your clothes instead of using a dryer.\\nDrying your clothes in a machine releases thousands of microplastics.\\nA simple way to drastically cut back on microplastics is to hang your clothes on a line or drying rack to air dry. Your clothes will last longer, too!\\nResearchers found that running a load of laundry through the dryer released microfibers 30 feet (9.1 m) away from the vent—directly into the environment.\\n10. Shop sustainably to avoid plastic packaging.\\nHead to the bulk bins and use your own cloth bags.\\nPackaging is a huge contributor to microplastic pollution—just look at your weekly grocery haul. The next time you shop, see what foods you can buy from the bulk bins and bring your own cloth bags. Many stores offer a discount for bringing your own bags, so you'll reduce your plastic consumption and save a little money.\\nIf you have to buy food that's in plastic, avoid containers with the codes 3 and 6 since these are more harmful than codes 2, 4, and 5.\\nCode 3 plastic is PVC, which leaches phthalates—a chemical that disrupts your hormones.\\nCode 6 plastic is polystyrene or styrofoam, which breaks up really easily into microplastics. It's also a probable carcinogen.\\n11. Use plastic-free cosmetics and personal products.\\nRead labels and avoid items that contribute to microplastic runoff.\\nWhile microbeads have been banned since 2015, microplastics are still in a lot of cosmetics, toothpaste, and skincare products. Shop around and pass on products that contain these plastics:\\nPolythelene\\nPolypropylene\\nNylon\\nPolymethyl methacrylate\\nAcrylates Copolymer\\n12. Vacuum and dust frequently.\\nDust\\nWipe down surfaces in your home and vacuum before you actually notice dust or you may breathe in more microplastics.\\nFor the best results, use a vacuum with a HEPA filter.\\nYou may have been told to dust with a microfiber cloth, but microfiber cloths are a huge source of microplastics. Reach for old sheets, towels, or clothes to use as dusting rags instead.\\n13. Take public transportation.\\nDriving your car causes the tires to break down and release microplastics.\\nThis is why cities or areas with traffic congestion have higher pollution. Tire erosion contributes to something called \\\"city dust\\\"—a mix of microplastics from tires, household plastics, and industrial plastic use. To minimize microplastics, use public transit whenever you can to reduce tire erosion.\\nIf it's not feasible for you to take public transit, ride your bike instead or carpool with neighbors and co-workers.\\nIf you have to drive, combine your errands, so you're being more efficient about driving.\\n14. Support legislation to reduce plastic use.\\nRead up on relevant legislation and urge representatives to pass it.\\nPay attention to plastics in politics at the federal, state, and local levels. Call or email your senators and representatives to let them know that reducing plastic production and use is important to you.\\nIf you're unhappy with the steps your legislators may or may not be taking, start your own grassroots movement to reduce microplastics in your community. You might just be the change your community needs!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Microplastics are a real concern—they seem to be found everywhere these days, from the arctic to deep in people's lungs. Everything that's made of plastic eventually breaks down into tiny microplastics that people breathe in, drink, and eat. Unfortunately, microplastics get into waterways and natural food chains, which can eventually lead them straight to your dinner plate. Luckily though, there are tons of easy steps you can take to avoid microplastics. In this article, we'll teach you how you can avoid them in your food and even help limit microplastic pollution in the environment. To learn more, read our complete guide below!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drink filtered tap water.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tap water contains less microplastic than plastic water bottles.\", \"描述\": \"This is especially if you filter your water. If you're in the habit of picking up bottled water when you go out, make the switch to a reusable bottle and fill it up with filtered tap water throughout the day. You'll save money and reduce your microplastic intake!\\nIn a large study on microplastics in bottled water, researchers found microplastic in 93% of the samples they tested. This means you're more likely to drink microplastics if you drink from a plastic water bottle than if you drink filtered tap water.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid single-use packaging.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bring your own reusable cutlery and takeout containers.\", \"描述\": \"When hot food comes into contact with plastic to-go containers, more of the chemicals leach into your food. The same goes for your morning cup of coffee from a disposable cup, which is lined with plastic. To avoid microplastics in your food, bring your own bamboo utensils or cutlery and have metal or glass containers to package your food.\\nIf you place a takeout order, tell them you'll bring your own containers when you pick the food up.\\nPlastic utensils are used for an average of 3 minutes, but the plastic breaks down in the environment for hundreds of years.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Store your food in metal or glass containers.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid keeping your food in plastic wrap, plastic bags, or plastic containers.\", \"描述\": \"When your food comes into contact with plastic for an extended period of time, it's more likely to absorb chemicals from the plastic. Instead, reach for metal or glass containers, and try beeswax wrap instead of plastic wrap.\\nTo cut back on plastic wrap, get creative with plates—if you cut a lemon or onion in half, turn it upside down so it sits flat on a dish. Then, stick it in the fridge. No need for plastic.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid microwaving plastic and microwavable meals.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Microwaving food in plastic causes the plastic to break down faster.\", \"描述\": \"It's much safer to put your food into a glass or ceramic dish and microwave it. Avoid eating frozen pre-packaged meals that you heat in the microwave. These foods have been in contact with plastic for a long time and heating them up in the plastic can release microplastic into the food.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Limit your intake of seafood, especially shellfish.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Fish and bivalves like clams and oysters consume plastic in the ocean.\", \"描述\": \"When you eat seafood, you ingest those microplastics. While all seafood is exposed to microplastics, mussels and oysters have some of the highest levels.\\nIf you like seafood and don't want to give it up entirely, you might choose to skip bivalves and enjoy fish once in a while.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eat more fresh, whole food.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut back on processed foods since they contain more microplastics.\", \"描述\": \"\\\"Processed foods\\\" are usually made in a factory (and typically, they'll have a super long ingredient list). Ultra-processed foods like chips, fast food, fries, and frozen meals contain higher levels of microplastics that break down into phthalates—chemicals that can contribute to chronic disease. To play it safe, stick with unprocessed or minimally processed food.\\nYou may have heard that some produce, like apples and carrots, contains microplastics. While this is true, fresh produce still contains fewer microplastics than processed convenience foods.\\nTea steeped in bags is actually high in microplastics, so switch to loose leaf tea.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Shop for clothes made from natural fibers.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Synthetic fibers shed microplastics every time you wash them.\", \"描述\": \"In fact, textiles are one of the biggest contributors to microplastic pollution. Read labels when you shop for clothes, sheets, or blankets, and avoid buying synthetic materials—polyester, acrylic, nylon, spandex, rayon, and microfiber. Instead, get cotton, wool, hemp, or linen products.\\nIf you can't afford natural fibers, check out secondhand shops. Even if you can't find natural fibers there, buying synthetic clothes from a thrift store is better than buying them brand new.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Wash your clothes on a cool, efficient cycle.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wait until you have a full load to run, so fewer microplastics are released.\", \"描述\": \"Set the machine to run a low-water or energy-efficient cycle using cold or cool water. If you don't have an energy-efficient option, wash your clothes on a short cycle to minimize the amount of time that your clothes rub against each other, releasing microplastics.\\nLook into getting a filter that attaches to your machine's hose or a ball that catches microplastics from your clothes—empty the ball into your trash to prevent microplastics from getting into the water system.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Air dry your clothes instead of using a dryer.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drying your clothes in a machine releases thousands of microplastics.\", \"描述\": \"A simple way to drastically cut back on microplastics is to hang your clothes on a line or drying rack to air dry. Your clothes will last longer, too!\\nResearchers found that running a load of laundry through the dryer released microfibers 30 feet (9.1 m) away from the vent—directly into the environment.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Shop sustainably to avoid plastic packaging.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Head to the bulk bins and use your own cloth bags.\", \"描述\": \"Packaging is a huge contributor to microplastic pollution—just look at your weekly grocery haul. The next time you shop, see what foods you can buy from the bulk bins and bring your own cloth bags. Many stores offer a discount for bringing your own bags, so you'll reduce your plastic consumption and save a little money.\\nIf you have to buy food that's in plastic, avoid containers with the codes 3 and 6 since these are more harmful than codes 2, 4, and 5.\\nCode 3 plastic is PVC, which leaches phthalates—a chemical that disrupts your hormones.\\nCode 6 plastic is polystyrene or styrofoam, which breaks up really easily into microplastics. It's also a probable carcinogen.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Use plastic-free cosmetics and personal products.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read labels and avoid items that contribute to microplastic runoff.\", \"描述\": \"While microbeads have been banned since 2015, microplastics are still in a lot of cosmetics, toothpaste, and skincare products. Shop around and pass on products that contain these plastics:\\nPolythelene\\nPolypropylene\\nNylon\\nPolymethyl methacrylate\\nAcrylates Copolymer\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Vacuum and dust frequently.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dust\", \"描述\": \"Wipe down surfaces in your home and vacuum before you actually notice dust or you may breathe in more microplastics.\\nFor the best results, use a vacuum with a HEPA filter.\\nYou may have been told to dust with a microfiber cloth, but microfiber cloths are a huge source of microplastics. Reach for old sheets, towels, or clothes to use as dusting rags instead.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Take public transportation.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Driving your car causes the tires to break down and release microplastics.\", \"描述\": \"This is why cities or areas with traffic congestion have higher pollution. Tire erosion contributes to something called \\\"city dust\\\"—a mix of microplastics from tires, household plastics, and industrial plastic use. To minimize microplastics, use public transit whenever you can to reduce tire erosion.\\nIf it's not feasible for you to take public transit, ride your bike instead or carpool with neighbors and co-workers.\\nIf you have to drive, combine your errands, so you're being more efficient about driving.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Support legislation to reduce plastic use.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read up on relevant legislation and urge representatives to pass it.\", \"描述\": \"Pay attention to plastics in politics at the federal, state, and local levels. Call or email your senators and representatives to let them know that reducing plastic production and use is important to you.\\nIf you're unhappy with the steps your legislators may or may not be taking, start your own grassroots movement to reduce microplastics in your community. You might just be the change your community needs!\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,121 | How to Avoid Miscommunication | 1. Using Clear Communication
1-1. Think before you speak.
Thinking about your words allows you to organize your thoughts and prepare to say something meaningful. Especially if you’re about to have an important conversation, make sure your words are organized so that you can say what you mean.
Remember that your attitude and tone can communicate quite a lot. Keep your focus narrow and try not to get off topic.
If you have trouble saying what you want to say, write down some bullet points to make sure you cover all you want to say.
Take an intentional pause before speaking. Very often the instinct is to hurl headlong into a discussion. But purposefully putting in pauses and taking a moment to compose your thoughts before speaking will make it more likely your communication is clear, and your audience ready to listen.
1-2. Get their attention.
Having a person's attention means making sure they are listening and understanding the words you say. Make eye contact and check in to make sure they are listening. If the other person is distracted or in the middle of doing something else, either get their attention or try another time. If they seem distracted by other things, ask for their attention by saying, “I need to make sure you understand this” or, “I’d appreciate your full attention.”
If the person seems distracted, say that you’ll talk later when they are more available.
For example, if you need to talk to someone yet they’re in the middle of something, let them know that you need to talk and want their attention.
Avoid calling out or yelling at people to get attention--go up to them and speak face to face whenever possible.
1-3. Check your assumptions.
You might assume that people understand what you’re saying or asking them to do. However, clarify anything that the person might be unsure about. For example, if you’re giving directions, clarify anything the person might need to do as prep-work. You may over- or under-estimate the amount of knowledge or ability someone has, so it’s best to ask.
This is especially true if you’re talking to someone from a different culture than yourself. You might assume they understand slang or other speech, but it doesn’t hurt to ask. If someone looks confused, try explaining it better.
1-4. Be courteous.
Being courteous in your communication means being open, honest, and kind. You don’t say anything that might be passive-aggressive, sarcastic, or jabbing toward or about the person you’re talking to. Focus on being friendly and saying what you mean in a way that’s easily understood. If you're interrupting other people, being rude, and disrespectful, you will not communicate effectively.
Sarcasm can be easily misunderstood. While it may be meant to be humorous, saying the opposite of what you really mean can lead to misunderstandings. People may be confused to what you actually mean. Sarcasm can also inadvertently become mean.
1-5. Check for understanding.
Check in with the person to make sure they have understood you. This can be as simple as saying, “Does that make sense?” or, “Do you have any questions?” This gives them the opportunity to voice any concerns or problems they have.
This can help people feel comfortable to ask questions or seek clarification.
If you’re giving directions, ask them to be repeated back to you to ensure understanding.
In some circumstances, it is appropriate to give a quick summary.
For example: "So I just want to be clear: We're going to address the Garcia account first, then we will do a quick meeting on how to problem solve the communication issues. Got it?"
1-6. Follow up.
Follow-up with the person you’re communicating with to make sure you communicated clearly. For example, if you sent an email, send another asking, “How is everything going? Do you have any questions?” if you spoke to someone, ask them a day or two later, “Just checking in. Everything okay?”
If you think you may have miscommunicated, use this time to communicate clearly and clear anything that may be confusing.
2. Being a Good Listener
2-1. Understand body language.
Much of communication is nonverbal. Pay attention; it can be very important. Maintain eye contact and notice any changes in your eye contact or the other person’s eye contact. Notice a person’s posture and facial expressions and see if there are any inconsistencies. If you do notice differences, ask a question again or seek clarification.
2-2. Listen closely.
Give your full attention when someone is speaking. Many people try to think about what they will say next, but stay engaged with the person who is speaking. People appreciate feeling heard and understood, and one of the best ways to do this is through actively listening. Turn your body toward them and lean in. Don’t turn to distractions (like cell phones) and stay present with the person.
Don’t just hear the words the person is saying, listen for information and how they are communicating. For example, the person’s voice might change when talking about something emotional or when they feel uncomfortable.
2-3. Avoid interrupting.
If someone else is speaking, do your best not to interrupt them. Let them complete their thoughts before adding to them or saying something else. This shows that you’re listening and care about what they are saying. If you tend to interrupt people often, they may feel frustrated in talking to you and may not communicate all they wish to say.
Letting someone complete their thoughts means that you’re fully listening and are not preoccupied with your own words. This way, they will feel more comfortable in sharing everything and won’t miss something they meant to say because the conversation got sidetracked.
2-4. Ask questions.
If anything is unclear or if there is anything that you do not quite understand, then make sure to ask a question about it. Try saying something like, "Would you mind clarifying what you mean by ___?" or "I'm not sure I understand ___. Can you elaborate?"
If the person is still talking and you don't want to interrupt them, jot the question down so that you do not forget to ask them about it.
3. Communicating Electronically
3-1. Organize information.
If you're trying to communicate information, you need to be sure the information gets to the person effectively. For example, if you're planning an event, you need to give important details: place, time, and what people need to bring. Spell out any directions or steps people need to take and make sure the information is clear.
Before you send the information or invitation, check to make sure it has all the information necessary.
3-2. Use fewer words.
When communicating through texts or emails, get to the point. A lengthy or wordy email can convolute what you’re trying to say. For example, if you’re making a request of something, get right to it and make your request. You might say why you need the request done, but don’t go on and on. Simply state what you need and end the email shortly after.
If you tend to write lengthy emails or texts, people will likely skim them instead of reading them thoroughly. If you can’t get away from your long letters, consider putting the most important things at the top.
Keep in mind that emails do not give such social cues as facial expressions and tone of voice. Therefore, use clear language and avoid sarcasm.
Emojis are useful in social emails, but in most businesses emails are not appropriate.
3-3. Focus on one topic.
Keep the message as simple as possible. Don't ramble or go on to a lot of extra details, and avoid addressing several topics in one email. It’s best to focus on one item or topic at a time instead of lots of things in one email. If you have several things to address, talk about one at a time per email. That way, the person can delete each email as they address each topic and not forget to do something or address something.
If you insist on addressing several topics at once, delineate them clearly. Use bullet-points or other organization to help clarify the content.
3-4. Get right to the point.
While it’s okay to start your emails with, “How are you?” or another pleasantry, don’t spend too much time talking about something unrelated from what you want. Zero in on your request or information you want to share with the person. Don’t dance around it or provide a lengthy lead-up. Instead, get to the point of what you want to or have to say.
Tips
Be sure you don't use sarcasm in chat, instant messaging, or e-mails without emoticons. Sarcasm often does not communicate well through text, so best to do it in person instead.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Clear Communication\\n1-1. Think before you speak.\\nThinking about your words allows you to organize your thoughts and prepare to say something meaningful. Especially if you’re about to have an important conversation, make sure your words are organized so that you can say what you mean.\\nRemember that your attitude and tone can communicate quite a lot. Keep your focus narrow and try not to get off topic.\\nIf you have trouble saying what you want to say, write down some bullet points to make sure you cover all you want to say.\\nTake an intentional pause before speaking. Very often the instinct is to hurl headlong into a discussion. But purposefully putting in pauses and taking a moment to compose your thoughts before speaking will make it more likely your communication is clear, and your audience ready to listen.\\n1-2. Get their attention.\\nHaving a person's attention means making sure they are listening and understanding the words you say. Make eye contact and check in to make sure they are listening. If the other person is distracted or in the middle of doing something else, either get their attention or try another time. If they seem distracted by other things, ask for their attention by saying, “I need to make sure you understand this” or, “I’d appreciate your full attention.”\\nIf the person seems distracted, say that you’ll talk later when they are more available.\\nFor example, if you need to talk to someone yet they’re in the middle of something, let them know that you need to talk and want their attention.\\nAvoid calling out or yelling at people to get attention--go up to them and speak face to face whenever possible.\\n1-3. Check your assumptions.\\nYou might assume that people understand what you’re saying or asking them to do. However, clarify anything that the person might be unsure about. For example, if you’re giving directions, clarify anything the person might need to do as prep-work. You may over- or under-estimate the amount of knowledge or ability someone has, so it’s best to ask.\\nThis is especially true if you’re talking to someone from a different culture than yourself. You might assume they understand slang or other speech, but it doesn’t hurt to ask. If someone looks confused, try explaining it better.\\n1-4. Be courteous.\\nBeing courteous in your communication means being open, honest, and kind. You don’t say anything that might be passive-aggressive, sarcastic, or jabbing toward or about the person you’re talking to. Focus on being friendly and saying what you mean in a way that’s easily understood. If you're interrupting other people, being rude, and disrespectful, you will not communicate effectively.\\nSarcasm can be easily misunderstood. While it may be meant to be humorous, saying the opposite of what you really mean can lead to misunderstandings. People may be confused to what you actually mean. Sarcasm can also inadvertently become mean.\\n1-5. Check for understanding.\\nCheck in with the person to make sure they have understood you. This can be as simple as saying, “Does that make sense?” or, “Do you have any questions?” This gives them the opportunity to voice any concerns or problems they have.\\nThis can help people feel comfortable to ask questions or seek clarification.\\nIf you’re giving directions, ask them to be repeated back to you to ensure understanding.\\nIn some circumstances, it is appropriate to give a quick summary.\\nFor example: \\\"So I just want to be clear: We're going to address the Garcia account first, then we will do a quick meeting on how to problem solve the communication issues. Got it?\\\"\\n1-6. Follow up.\\nFollow-up with the person you’re communicating with to make sure you communicated clearly. For example, if you sent an email, send another asking, “How is everything going? Do you have any questions?” if you spoke to someone, ask them a day or two later, “Just checking in. Everything okay?”\\nIf you think you may have miscommunicated, use this time to communicate clearly and clear anything that may be confusing.\\n2. Being a Good Listener\\n2-1. Understand body language.\\nMuch of communication is nonverbal. Pay attention; it can be very important. Maintain eye contact and notice any changes in your eye contact or the other person’s eye contact. Notice a person’s posture and facial expressions and see if there are any inconsistencies. If you do notice differences, ask a question again or seek clarification.\\n2-2. Listen closely.\\nGive your full attention when someone is speaking. Many people try to think about what they will say next, but stay engaged with the person who is speaking. People appreciate feeling heard and understood, and one of the best ways to do this is through actively listening. Turn your body toward them and lean in. Don’t turn to distractions (like cell phones) and stay present with the person.\\nDon’t just hear the words the person is saying, listen for information and how they are communicating. For example, the person’s voice might change when talking about something emotional or when they feel uncomfortable.\\n2-3. Avoid interrupting.\\nIf someone else is speaking, do your best not to interrupt them. Let them complete their thoughts before adding to them or saying something else. This shows that you’re listening and care about what they are saying. If you tend to interrupt people often, they may feel frustrated in talking to you and may not communicate all they wish to say.\\nLetting someone complete their thoughts means that you’re fully listening and are not preoccupied with your own words. This way, they will feel more comfortable in sharing everything and won’t miss something they meant to say because the conversation got sidetracked.\\n2-4. Ask questions.\\nIf anything is unclear or if there is anything that you do not quite understand, then make sure to ask a question about it. Try saying something like, \\\"Would you mind clarifying what you mean by ___?\\\" or \\\"I'm not sure I understand ___. Can you elaborate?\\\"\\nIf the person is still talking and you don't want to interrupt them, jot the question down so that you do not forget to ask them about it.\\n3. Communicating Electronically\\n3-1. Organize information.\\nIf you're trying to communicate information, you need to be sure the information gets to the person effectively. For example, if you're planning an event, you need to give important details: place, time, and what people need to bring. Spell out any directions or steps people need to take and make sure the information is clear.\\nBefore you send the information or invitation, check to make sure it has all the information necessary.\\n3-2. Use fewer words.\\nWhen communicating through texts or emails, get to the point. A lengthy or wordy email can convolute what you’re trying to say. For example, if you’re making a request of something, get right to it and make your request. You might say why you need the request done, but don’t go on and on. Simply state what you need and end the email shortly after.\\nIf you tend to write lengthy emails or texts, people will likely skim them instead of reading them thoroughly. If you can’t get away from your long letters, consider putting the most important things at the top.\\nKeep in mind that emails do not give such social cues as facial expressions and tone of voice. Therefore, use clear language and avoid sarcasm.\\nEmojis are useful in social emails, but in most businesses emails are not appropriate.\\n3-3. Focus on one topic.\\nKeep the message as simple as possible. Don't ramble or go on to a lot of extra details, and avoid addressing several topics in one email. It’s best to focus on one item or topic at a time instead of lots of things in one email. If you have several things to address, talk about one at a time per email. That way, the person can delete each email as they address each topic and not forget to do something or address something.\\nIf you insist on addressing several topics at once, delineate them clearly. Use bullet-points or other organization to help clarify the content.\\n3-4. Get right to the point.\\nWhile it’s okay to start your emails with, “How are you?” or another pleasantry, don’t spend too much time talking about something unrelated from what you want. Zero in on your request or information you want to share with the person. Don’t dance around it or provide a lengthy lead-up. Instead, get to the point of what you want to or have to say.\\nTips\\nBe sure you don't use sarcasm in chat, instant messaging, or e-mails without emoticons. Sarcasm often does not communicate well through text, so best to do it in person instead.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Miscommunications can be funny, frustrating, or upsetting. If you want to decrease miscommunications, speak clearly and remove your assumptions. Check in with the person to make sure you’re understood. When communicating electronically, be clear, concise, and informative. Being a good listener can help avoid miscommunications, too. When you put some effort into your conversations, you can lower your risk of miscommunicating.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Clear Communication\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Think before you speak.\", \"描述\": \"Thinking about your words allows you to organize your thoughts and prepare to say something meaningful. Especially if you’re about to have an important conversation, make sure your words are organized so that you can say what you mean.\\nRemember that your attitude and tone can communicate quite a lot. Keep your focus narrow and try not to get off topic.\\nIf you have trouble saying what you want to say, write down some bullet points to make sure you cover all you want to say.\\nTake an intentional pause before speaking. Very often the instinct is to hurl headlong into a discussion. But purposefully putting in pauses and taking a moment to compose your thoughts before speaking will make it more likely your communication is clear, and your audience ready to listen.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get their attention.\", \"描述\": \"Having a person's attention means making sure they are listening and understanding the words you say. Make eye contact and check in to make sure they are listening. If the other person is distracted or in the middle of doing something else, either get their attention or try another time. If they seem distracted by other things, ask for their attention by saying, “I need to make sure you understand this” or, “I’d appreciate your full attention.”\\nIf the person seems distracted, say that you’ll talk later when they are more available.\\nFor example, if you need to talk to someone yet they’re in the middle of something, let them know that you need to talk and want their attention.\\nAvoid calling out or yelling at people to get attention--go up to them and speak face to face whenever possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check your assumptions.\", \"描述\": \"You might assume that people understand what you’re saying or asking them to do. However, clarify anything that the person might be unsure about. For example, if you’re giving directions, clarify anything the person might need to do as prep-work. You may over- or under-estimate the amount of knowledge or ability someone has, so it’s best to ask.\\nThis is especially true if you’re talking to someone from a different culture than yourself. You might assume they understand slang or other speech, but it doesn’t hurt to ask. If someone looks confused, try explaining it better.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be courteous.\", \"描述\": \"Being courteous in your communication means being open, honest, and kind. You don’t say anything that might be passive-aggressive, sarcastic, or jabbing toward or about the person you’re talking to. Focus on being friendly and saying what you mean in a way that’s easily understood. If you're interrupting other people, being rude, and disrespectful, you will not communicate effectively.\\nSarcasm can be easily misunderstood. While it may be meant to be humorous, saying the opposite of what you really mean can lead to misunderstandings. People may be confused to what you actually mean. Sarcasm can also inadvertently become mean.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check for understanding.\", \"描述\": \"Check in with the person to make sure they have understood you. This can be as simple as saying, “Does that make sense?” or, “Do you have any questions?” This gives them the opportunity to voice any concerns or problems they have.\\nThis can help people feel comfortable to ask questions or seek clarification.\\nIf you’re giving directions, ask them to be repeated back to you to ensure understanding.\\nIn some circumstances, it is appropriate to give a quick summary.\\nFor example: \\\"So I just want to be clear: We're going to address the Garcia account first, then we will do a quick meeting on how to problem solve the communication issues. Got it?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Follow up.\", \"描述\": \"Follow-up with the person you’re communicating with to make sure you communicated clearly. For example, if you sent an email, send another asking, “How is everything going? Do you have any questions?” if you spoke to someone, ask them a day or two later, “Just checking in. Everything okay?”\\nIf you think you may have miscommunicated, use this time to communicate clearly and clear anything that may be confusing.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Being a Good Listener\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand body language.\", \"描述\": \"Much of communication is nonverbal. Pay attention; it can be very important. Maintain eye contact and notice any changes in your eye contact or the other person’s eye contact. Notice a person’s posture and facial expressions and see if there are any inconsistencies. If you do notice differences, ask a question again or seek clarification.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Listen closely.\", \"描述\": \"Give your full attention when someone is speaking. Many people try to think about what they will say next, but stay engaged with the person who is speaking. People appreciate feeling heard and understood, and one of the best ways to do this is through actively listening. Turn your body toward them and lean in. Don’t turn to distractions (like cell phones) and stay present with the person.\\nDon’t just hear the words the person is saying, listen for information and how they are communicating. For example, the person’s voice might change when talking about something emotional or when they feel uncomfortable.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid interrupting.\", \"描述\": \"If someone else is speaking, do your best not to interrupt them. Let them complete their thoughts before adding to them or saying something else. This shows that you’re listening and care about what they are saying. If you tend to interrupt people often, they may feel frustrated in talking to you and may not communicate all they wish to say.\\nLetting someone complete their thoughts means that you’re fully listening and are not preoccupied with your own words. This way, they will feel more comfortable in sharing everything and won’t miss something they meant to say because the conversation got sidetracked.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask questions.\", \"描述\": \"If anything is unclear or if there is anything that you do not quite understand, then make sure to ask a question about it. Try saying something like, \\\"Would you mind clarifying what you mean by ___?\\\" or \\\"I'm not sure I understand ___. Can you elaborate?\\\"\\nIf the person is still talking and you don't want to interrupt them, jot the question down so that you do not forget to ask them about it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Communicating Electronically\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Organize information.\", \"描述\": \"If you're trying to communicate information, you need to be sure the information gets to the person effectively. For example, if you're planning an event, you need to give important details: place, time, and what people need to bring. Spell out any directions or steps people need to take and make sure the information is clear.\\nBefore you send the information or invitation, check to make sure it has all the information necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use fewer words.\", \"描述\": \"When communicating through texts or emails, get to the point. A lengthy or wordy email can convolute what you’re trying to say. For example, if you’re making a request of something, get right to it and make your request. You might say why you need the request done, but don’t go on and on. Simply state what you need and end the email shortly after.\\nIf you tend to write lengthy emails or texts, people will likely skim them instead of reading them thoroughly. If you can’t get away from your long letters, consider putting the most important things at the top.\\nKeep in mind that emails do not give such social cues as facial expressions and tone of voice. Therefore, use clear language and avoid sarcasm.\\nEmojis are useful in social emails, but in most businesses emails are not appropriate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focus on one topic.\", \"描述\": \"Keep the message as simple as possible. Don't ramble or go on to a lot of extra details, and avoid addressing several topics in one email. It’s best to focus on one item or topic at a time instead of lots of things in one email. If you have several things to address, talk about one at a time per email. That way, the person can delete each email as they address each topic and not forget to do something or address something.\\nIf you insist on addressing several topics at once, delineate them clearly. Use bullet-points or other organization to help clarify the content.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get right to the point.\", \"描述\": \"While it’s okay to start your emails with, “How are you?” or another pleasantry, don’t spend too much time talking about something unrelated from what you want. Zero in on your request or information you want to share with the person. Don’t dance around it or provide a lengthy lead-up. Instead, get to the point of what you want to or have to say.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be sure you don't use sarcasm in chat, instant messaging, or e-mails without emoticons. Sarcasm often does not communicate well through text, so best to do it in person instead.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,122 | How to Avoid Miscommunication in Emails | 1. Write emails when you can focus.
If you’re distracted, your email might not be as well put-together.
When you have an email to write, try to sit down uninterrupted when you aren’t thinking about a million other things. Your writing will be clearer and you’ll be able to focus on your grammar, tone, and overall message.
This is especially important if your email is going out to multiple people.
Write emails in a quiet room and put away your phone and other distractions.
Try to refrain from multitasking as you write your emails.
2. Set the tone with your first few words.
Your opening phrase can have a big impact.
If you’d like your tone to be light and casual, open up with something like, “Hi Jessica! Hope you had a good weekend.” If you want to keep it a little more professional, just say something like, “Hi David.”
Try to avoid anything too stuffy, like “Dear Robert.” It seems a little impersonal.
3. Keep your emails short.
Long-winded messages tend to confuse your recipient.
Try to be brief and concise, if possible. Keep your sentences short, and don’t add too much detail—if you find yourself writing more than 1 or 2 paragraphs, you should probably give people the information over video chat or in person.
Try to get to the point quickly, and avoid writing a ton of pleasantries.
People tend to read emails in short bursts. If you add too much information, chances are, some of it will get lost.
Keep your emails brief, but try to avoid blunt sentences or one-word answers. Those can seem a little rude, especially over a computer screen.
4. State what you need clearly.
If you are requesting something, make sure it’s understandable.
Don’t beat around the bush—state what you need clearly and directly so there’s no misunderstanding. If there’s a timeline, be sure to include that as well. Be sure to keep your tone light, though. For instance:
“I need that monthly progress report in my inbox by Monday evening.”
“If you could get that team feedback form to me by the end of the week, that would be great.”
5. Organize your thoughts with paragraphs.
It will help people read the information easily.
When you move onto a new subject, separate it with a new paragraph so your email is skimmable. It will help your reader scan the message quickly to find the parts that are most relevant to them.
Use words like “also,” “next,” and “lastly” to start off your paragraphs.
6. Add a specific subject line.
Let people know what exactly the email is about.
Make sure your subject is specific; for instance, instead of writing “Report,” try something like, “Monthly planning report: June 2021.” Your colleagues will be more likely to open it up and read it if they know it’s important and relevant to them.
This also helps keep your emails out of the spam folder.
7. Proofread for typos.
Mistakes can really throw off your message.
While most spell-checkers will catch misspelled words, they won’t be able to catch the wrong word choice or someone’s misspelled name. You should also read through for missing punctuation or grammatical errors, since those can make the reader think you don’t care. Spend 2 to 3 minutes reading your email before you send it to make sure there aren’t any glaringly obvious errors.
In a professional setting, it’s very important to spell someone’s name correctly. Take a minute to double check that you have it right before you send it off to avoid any awkwardness in the future.
8. Re-read your emails for tone.
Think about how your recipients will read your message.
Something like, “Let’s talk later,” might seem innocent to you, but your colleague reading it might think they’re in trouble or that you’re angry. Change it to something like, “Do you have time to chat later about the upcoming changes in the report?” to be a little clearer.
Never use all caps in your emails! Writing a sentence in caps lock is usually seen as yelling at someone through a computer screen.
Instead of something like, “Submit your changes by tomorrow morning.” try something like, “Since the deadline is tomorrow afternoon, I’ll need your changes by tomorrow morning. Let me know if that timeline works for you.”
9. Pause before replying to an inflammatory email.
If you get an email that makes you feel angry, take a second to breathe.
Instead of crafting a cutting reply, count to 10 (or 1,000) until you feel calm. Then, re-read the email to see if it’s actually insulting or not. Chances are, you may have misconstrued the message a bit, and it’s not actually that bad.
If you still feel the need to craft an angry reply, wait for 24 hours before sending it. Then, revisit your reply after a day to see if you still want to send it or not.
10. Give people the benefit of the doubt.
It’s hard to convey a positive tone in an email.
If you read something a colleague sent you and you’re immediately offended, take a step back and re-read what they wrote. Try to ask yourself if there’s any other way the tone can be interpreted—is this email actually rude, or are they just being blunt?
For instance, someone might write, “I need that report by tonight.” At first glance, this seems a little cold and unemotional. However, it’s not necessarily rude, it’s just factual and brief.
Tips
Emails are often seen as non-urgent. If you need an answer right away, try to talk to your colleague in-person or via video chat instead.[12]
X
Trustworthy Source
Harvard Business Review
Online and print journal covering topics related to business management practices
Go to source
Warnings
Even though emojis and emoticons indicate tone, don't use them for a professional email.
Don't send insulting or inflammatory emails, especially to a person you don't know very well.
If the subject matter of your email is sensitive — ie. you have to give someone difficult feedback or you have a difficult request — or has any potential to be misunderstood, it's usually better to pick up the phone and speak with the person than it is to send an email.[13]
X
Expert Source
Amber Rosenberg, PCCPacific Life Coach
Expert Interview. 8 July 2022.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Write emails when you can focus.\\nIf you’re distracted, your email might not be as well put-together.\\nWhen you have an email to write, try to sit down uninterrupted when you aren’t thinking about a million other things. Your writing will be clearer and you’ll be able to focus on your grammar, tone, and overall message.\\nThis is especially important if your email is going out to multiple people.\\nWrite emails in a quiet room and put away your phone and other distractions.\\nTry to refrain from multitasking as you write your emails.\\n2. Set the tone with your first few words.\\nYour opening phrase can have a big impact.\\nIf you’d like your tone to be light and casual, open up with something like, “Hi Jessica! Hope you had a good weekend.” If you want to keep it a little more professional, just say something like, “Hi David.”\\nTry to avoid anything too stuffy, like “Dear Robert.” It seems a little impersonal.\\n3. Keep your emails short.\\nLong-winded messages tend to confuse your recipient.\\nTry to be brief and concise, if possible. Keep your sentences short, and don’t add too much detail—if you find yourself writing more than 1 or 2 paragraphs, you should probably give people the information over video chat or in person.\\nTry to get to the point quickly, and avoid writing a ton of pleasantries.\\nPeople tend to read emails in short bursts. If you add too much information, chances are, some of it will get lost.\\nKeep your emails brief, but try to avoid blunt sentences or one-word answers. Those can seem a little rude, especially over a computer screen.\\n4. State what you need clearly.\\nIf you are requesting something, make sure it’s understandable.\\nDon’t beat around the bush—state what you need clearly and directly so there’s no misunderstanding. If there’s a timeline, be sure to include that as well. Be sure to keep your tone light, though. For instance:\\n“I need that monthly progress report in my inbox by Monday evening.”\\n“If you could get that team feedback form to me by the end of the week, that would be great.”\\n5. Organize your thoughts with paragraphs.\\nIt will help people read the information easily.\\nWhen you move onto a new subject, separate it with a new paragraph so your email is skimmable. It will help your reader scan the message quickly to find the parts that are most relevant to them.\\nUse words like “also,” “next,” and “lastly” to start off your paragraphs.\\n6. Add a specific subject line.\\nLet people know what exactly the email is about.\\nMake sure your subject is specific; for instance, instead of writing “Report,” try something like, “Monthly planning report: June 2021.” Your colleagues will be more likely to open it up and read it if they know it’s important and relevant to them.\\nThis also helps keep your emails out of the spam folder.\\n7. Proofread for typos.\\nMistakes can really throw off your message.\\nWhile most spell-checkers will catch misspelled words, they won’t be able to catch the wrong word choice or someone’s misspelled name. You should also read through for missing punctuation or grammatical errors, since those can make the reader think you don’t care. Spend 2 to 3 minutes reading your email before you send it to make sure there aren’t any glaringly obvious errors.\\nIn a professional setting, it’s very important to spell someone’s name correctly. Take a minute to double check that you have it right before you send it off to avoid any awkwardness in the future.\\n8. Re-read your emails for tone.\\nThink about how your recipients will read your message.\\nSomething like, “Let’s talk later,” might seem innocent to you, but your colleague reading it might think they’re in trouble or that you’re angry. Change it to something like, “Do you have time to chat later about the upcoming changes in the report?” to be a little clearer.\\nNever use all caps in your emails! Writing a sentence in caps lock is usually seen as yelling at someone through a computer screen.\\nInstead of something like, “Submit your changes by tomorrow morning.” try something like, “Since the deadline is tomorrow afternoon, I’ll need your changes by tomorrow morning. Let me know if that timeline works for you.”\\n9. Pause before replying to an inflammatory email.\\nIf you get an email that makes you feel angry, take a second to breathe.\\nInstead of crafting a cutting reply, count to 10 (or 1,000) until you feel calm. Then, re-read the email to see if it’s actually insulting or not. Chances are, you may have misconstrued the message a bit, and it’s not actually that bad.\\nIf you still feel the need to craft an angry reply, wait for 24 hours before sending it. Then, revisit your reply after a day to see if you still want to send it or not.\\n10. Give people the benefit of the doubt.\\nIt’s hard to convey a positive tone in an email.\\nIf you read something a colleague sent you and you’re immediately offended, take a step back and re-read what they wrote. Try to ask yourself if there’s any other way the tone can be interpreted—is this email actually rude, or are they just being blunt?\\nFor instance, someone might write, “I need that report by tonight.” At first glance, this seems a little cold and unemotional. However, it’s not necessarily rude, it’s just factual and brief.\\nTips\\nEmails are often seen as non-urgent. If you need an answer right away, try to talk to your colleague in-person or via video chat instead.[12]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nHarvard Business Review\\nOnline and print journal covering topics related to business management practices\\nGo to source\\nWarnings\\nEven though emojis and emoticons indicate tone, don't use them for a professional email.\\nDon't send insulting or inflammatory emails, especially to a person you don't know very well.\\nIf the subject matter of your email is sensitive — ie. you have to give someone difficult feedback or you have a difficult request — or has any potential to be misunderstood, it's usually better to pick up the phone and speak with the person than it is to send an email.[13]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nAmber Rosenberg, PCCPacific Life Coach\\nExpert Interview. 8 July 2022.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’ve been working for a while, you probably know just how important emails are. Since there’s no way to convey tone or body language over the internet, it’s easy to misinterpret someone’s message when you see it on a screen. Keep reading to learn how you can write emails that are clear, concise, and effective in a professional setting.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write emails when you can focus.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If you’re distracted, your email might not be as well put-together.\", \"描述\": \"When you have an email to write, try to sit down uninterrupted when you aren’t thinking about a million other things. Your writing will be clearer and you’ll be able to focus on your grammar, tone, and overall message.\\nThis is especially important if your email is going out to multiple people.\\nWrite emails in a quiet room and put away your phone and other distractions.\\nTry to refrain from multitasking as you write your emails.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set the tone with your first few words.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Your opening phrase can have a big impact.\", \"描述\": \"If you’d like your tone to be light and casual, open up with something like, “Hi Jessica! Hope you had a good weekend.” If you want to keep it a little more professional, just say something like, “Hi David.”\\nTry to avoid anything too stuffy, like “Dear Robert.” It seems a little impersonal.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your emails short.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Long-winded messages tend to confuse your recipient.\", \"描述\": \"Try to be brief and concise, if possible. Keep your sentences short, and don’t add too much detail—if you find yourself writing more than 1 or 2 paragraphs, you should probably give people the information over video chat or in person.\\nTry to get to the point quickly, and avoid writing a ton of pleasantries.\\nPeople tend to read emails in short bursts. If you add too much information, chances are, some of it will get lost.\\nKeep your emails brief, but try to avoid blunt sentences or one-word answers. Those can seem a little rude, especially over a computer screen.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"State what you need clearly.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If you are requesting something, make sure it’s understandable.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t beat around the bush—state what you need clearly and directly so there’s no misunderstanding. If there’s a timeline, be sure to include that as well. Be sure to keep your tone light, though. For instance:\\n“I need that monthly progress report in my inbox by Monday evening.”\\n“If you could get that team feedback form to me by the end of the week, that would be great.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Organize your thoughts with paragraphs.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It will help people read the information easily.\", \"描述\": \"When you move onto a new subject, separate it with a new paragraph so your email is skimmable. It will help your reader scan the message quickly to find the parts that are most relevant to them.\\nUse words like “also,” “next,” and “lastly” to start off your paragraphs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Add a specific subject line.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Let people know what exactly the email is about.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure your subject is specific; for instance, instead of writing “Report,” try something like, “Monthly planning report: June 2021.” Your colleagues will be more likely to open it up and read it if they know it’s important and relevant to them.\\nThis also helps keep your emails out of the spam folder.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Proofread for typos.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mistakes can really throw off your message.\", \"描述\": \"While most spell-checkers will catch misspelled words, they won’t be able to catch the wrong word choice or someone’s misspelled name. You should also read through for missing punctuation or grammatical errors, since those can make the reader think you don’t care. Spend 2 to 3 minutes reading your email before you send it to make sure there aren’t any glaringly obvious errors.\\nIn a professional setting, it’s very important to spell someone’s name correctly. Take a minute to double check that you have it right before you send it off to avoid any awkwardness in the future.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Re-read your emails for tone.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Think about how your recipients will read your message.\", \"描述\": \"Something like, “Let’s talk later,” might seem innocent to you, but your colleague reading it might think they’re in trouble or that you’re angry. Change it to something like, “Do you have time to chat later about the upcoming changes in the report?” to be a little clearer.\\nNever use all caps in your emails! Writing a sentence in caps lock is usually seen as yelling at someone through a computer screen.\\nInstead of something like, “Submit your changes by tomorrow morning.” try something like, “Since the deadline is tomorrow afternoon, I’ll need your changes by tomorrow morning. Let me know if that timeline works for you.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Pause before replying to an inflammatory email.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If you get an email that makes you feel angry, take a second to breathe.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of crafting a cutting reply, count to 10 (or 1,000) until you feel calm. Then, re-read the email to see if it’s actually insulting or not. Chances are, you may have misconstrued the message a bit, and it’s not actually that bad.\\nIf you still feel the need to craft an angry reply, wait for 24 hours before sending it. Then, revisit your reply after a day to see if you still want to send it or not.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Give people the benefit of the doubt.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It’s hard to convey a positive tone in an email.\", \"描述\": \"If you read something a colleague sent you and you’re immediately offended, take a step back and re-read what they wrote. Try to ask yourself if there’s any other way the tone can be interpreted—is this email actually rude, or are they just being blunt?\\nFor instance, someone might write, “I need that report by tonight.” At first glance, this seems a little cold and unemotional. However, it’s not necessarily rude, it’s just factual and brief.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Emails are often seen as non-urgent. If you need an answer right away, try to talk to your colleague in-person or via video chat instead.[12]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nHarvard Business Review\\nOnline and print journal covering topics related to business management practices\\nGo to source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Even though emojis and emoticons indicate tone, don't use them for a professional email.\\n\", \"Don't send insulting or inflammatory emails, especially to a person you don't know very well.\\n\", \"If the subject matter of your email is sensitive — ie. you have to give someone difficult feedback or you have a difficult request — or has any potential to be misunderstood, it's usually better to pick up the phone and speak with the person than it is to send an email.[13]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nAmber Rosenberg, PCCPacific Life Coach\\nExpert Interview. 8 July 2022.\\n\"]}]}}",
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3,123 | How to Avoid Miscommunication when You're Autistic | 1. Speaking Well
1-1. Aim for clarity in your own speech.
Another major part of communication of course, is speaking. Good communication comes from clear intent of what you want to communicate to them. Be clear in yourself what you want to get across. Is it some information? Some experience you had? Some feeling you have? Some opinion? Do you want to invite them or just tell them something? You may just want to have a friendly chat. So, your intention is to communicate that you are interested in who they are and you want them to know who you are. Know what you want to communicate.
1-2. Say what you want to communicate, and ask them what they think about that.
That way, you should be able to gauge if they have understood you or not. Speak directly and give some reasons or background. If they don't get it, you can say, "Actually, I mean...." and explain in a different way. Then, give some more reasons, to help them understand. Communication is about building a bridge from you to them.
It might help to adjust your volume during the conversation.
You can also practice some nonverbal communication strategies while you speak, like adjusting your tone of voice.
1-3. Use body language that lets non-autistics know that you are listening.
Non-autistic people have slightly different body language, and recognizing the cultural difference can help you understand how to show respect to them. Here are some things non-autistics see as signs of attention:
Looking in their direction (especially at their face)
Pointing your body towards them
Keeping your stims subtle (tapping toes, twisting fingers, squeezing stim toy)
Not looking at distractions
Conversely, if you want to hint that you're done with the conversation, do the opposite.
1-4. Take your time.
You don't need to speak up the instant that they are done talking, nor do you need to say everything in one go. Take pauses, and let the conversation slow down. Give your conversation partner a chance to finish their thoughts, and then they will most likely let them finish yours.
Pauses can help let your message sink in. If you find yourself talking too quickly, stop and take a deep breath. Then let it out and continue.
2. Listening Well
2-1. Pay full attention
Focus on what they are saying, not on what you are going to say to them. Your first goal is to understand their point of view.
If you need to stim in order to pay attention, find a helpful and non-distracting stim. Bouncing your foot, fiddling with jewelry, squeezing a stim toy, et cetera, are all helpful stims.
If the environment is distracting, say so. Ask if you could move to a quieter place, so you can listen better.
Try to practice talking about things aren't necessarily in your area of interest.
2-2. Try to understand the other person.
One part of communication is listening. Listen closely to what the person is saying. Pretend you are them, and think how you would see the situation if you were them. Nonverbal. These include emotions, how a person really feels about a topic, sarcasm, wishes, jokes, seriousness, etc. How would you feel if you were in their situation?
2-3. Ask for clarification.
It's absolutely okay to ask people to clarify, and they usually prefer that you'd ask rather than you'd guess and get things mixed up. You can use scripts such as...
"Did you mean...?"
"How do you feel about that?"
"Do you really mean it or are you just joking?"
"Are you really serious, because it's hard for me to tell."
When in doubt, ask, instead of assuming.
2-4. Paraphrase back to them.
Say things like, "So, I hear you saying that...." or, "I think you mean..., right?" See what they say in return. You are being like a detective, gathering clues about what they're telling you and what they're feeling, to make sure your impressions match the other person's intention, to make sure you understand them.
2-5. Keep an eye on their body language.
Notice what direction they are looking, if their body seems "open" or "closed," how straight their posture is, and how this compares to their "normal" baseline. This can hint at what they are feeling inside.
Reading faces and body language is a skill. You can learn and work on it.
This is harder for some people than others. If keeping track of it is distracting or overwhelming, refocus on the content of their words.
3. Understanding Each Other
3-1. Be aware that everyone has a unique way of seeing the world.
You might have to explain to them how you see things, and why you have a certain feeling or opinion, so they can understand. So, take some time to reflect on why you think or feel a certain way. Or why that person might like to do a certain thing, or be interested in a certain topic.
3-2. Consider disclosing your autism, or saying you have social difficulties.
If you don't feel comfortable sharing your disability, you can still explain that you have trouble with a specific thing. Most non-autistic people are familiar with the idea of social challenges or awkwardness and view it as a normal and reasonable thing to accommodate.
"I have a hard time reading people. If I'm doing anything that upsets or bothers you, please tell me, so that I can stop."
"I have a bit of trouble understanding sarcasm and jokes. If I look confused or am asking you odd questions, that's why."
3-3. Look for patterns in people's requests.
For example, if your boyfriend doesn't like it when you show him a newt, a lizard, and a praying mantis you caught, it may mean that he doesn't like to look at creepy crawlies at all. Consider the idea of a pattern, and feel free to ask if you are unsure.
3-4. Aim for absolute clarity around boundaries.
If someone is uncomfortable with something, or if you are uncomfortable with something, there needs to be a clear understanding. If someone expresses a boundary, listen closely and ask for clarification as needed. If you are uncomfortable with something, say so, so that the other person knows to respect that.
"So it bothers you to be hugged from behind? Okay, I won't do that anymore."
"I want to make sure we're clear: do you always dislike it when I put my arm around you, or is it only in certain situations?"
"Please don't jump out and try to startle me like that. It really upsets me."
"I really dislike being kissed on the cheek or forehead. Maybe you could hug me instead, or kiss the top of my head?"
3-5. Remind yourself of their thoughts, opinions, and preferences.
It can be difficult to keep track of different people's different perspectives. You can improve your memory by summarizing the conversation in your head, after it happens.
For example, tell yourself "Diamond said she was looking forward to visiting Europe with her mom. Germany is her favorite country, because she speaks the language, and she wants to see France too."
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Speaking Well\\n1-1. Aim for clarity in your own speech.\\nAnother major part of communication of course, is speaking. Good communication comes from clear intent of what you want to communicate to them. Be clear in yourself what you want to get across. Is it some information? Some experience you had? Some feeling you have? Some opinion? Do you want to invite them or just tell them something? You may just want to have a friendly chat. So, your intention is to communicate that you are interested in who they are and you want them to know who you are. Know what you want to communicate.\\n1-2. Say what you want to communicate, and ask them what they think about that.\\nThat way, you should be able to gauge if they have understood you or not. Speak directly and give some reasons or background. If they don't get it, you can say, \\\"Actually, I mean....\\\" and explain in a different way. Then, give some more reasons, to help them understand. Communication is about building a bridge from you to them.\\nIt might help to adjust your volume during the conversation.\\nYou can also practice some nonverbal communication strategies while you speak, like adjusting your tone of voice.\\n1-3. Use body language that lets non-autistics know that you are listening.\\nNon-autistic people have slightly different body language, and recognizing the cultural difference can help you understand how to show respect to them. Here are some things non-autistics see as signs of attention: \\nLooking in their direction (especially at their face)\\nPointing your body towards them\\nKeeping your stims subtle (tapping toes, twisting fingers, squeezing stim toy)\\nNot looking at distractions\\nConversely, if you want to hint that you're done with the conversation, do the opposite.\\n1-4. Take your time.\\nYou don't need to speak up the instant that they are done talking, nor do you need to say everything in one go. Take pauses, and let the conversation slow down. Give your conversation partner a chance to finish their thoughts, and then they will most likely let them finish yours. \\nPauses can help let your message sink in. If you find yourself talking too quickly, stop and take a deep breath. Then let it out and continue.\\n2. Listening Well\\n2-1. Pay full attention\\nFocus on what they are saying, not on what you are going to say to them. Your first goal is to understand their point of view. \\nIf you need to stim in order to pay attention, find a helpful and non-distracting stim. Bouncing your foot, fiddling with jewelry, squeezing a stim toy, et cetera, are all helpful stims.\\nIf the environment is distracting, say so. Ask if you could move to a quieter place, so you can listen better.\\nTry to practice talking about things aren't necessarily in your area of interest.\\n2-2. Try to understand the other person.\\nOne part of communication is listening. Listen closely to what the person is saying. Pretend you are them, and think how you would see the situation if you were them. Nonverbal. These include emotions, how a person really feels about a topic, sarcasm, wishes, jokes, seriousness, etc. How would you feel if you were in their situation?\\n2-3. Ask for clarification.\\nIt's absolutely okay to ask people to clarify, and they usually prefer that you'd ask rather than you'd guess and get things mixed up. You can use scripts such as...\\n\\\"Did you mean...?\\\"\\n\\\"How do you feel about that?\\\"\\n\\\"Do you really mean it or are you just joking?\\\"\\n\\\"Are you really serious, because it's hard for me to tell.\\\"\\nWhen in doubt, ask, instead of assuming.\\n2-4. Paraphrase back to them.\\nSay things like, \\\"So, I hear you saying that....\\\" or, \\\"I think you mean..., right?\\\" See what they say in return. You are being like a detective, gathering clues about what they're telling you and what they're feeling, to make sure your impressions match the other person's intention, to make sure you understand them.\\n2-5. Keep an eye on their body language.\\nNotice what direction they are looking, if their body seems \\\"open\\\" or \\\"closed,\\\" how straight their posture is, and how this compares to their \\\"normal\\\" baseline. This can hint at what they are feeling inside. \\n\\nReading faces and body language is a skill. You can learn and work on it.\\nThis is harder for some people than others. If keeping track of it is distracting or overwhelming, refocus on the content of their words.\\n3. Understanding Each Other\\n3-1. Be aware that everyone has a unique way of seeing the world.\\nYou might have to explain to them how you see things, and why you have a certain feeling or opinion, so they can understand. So, take some time to reflect on why you think or feel a certain way. Or why that person might like to do a certain thing, or be interested in a certain topic.\\n3-2. Consider disclosing your autism, or saying you have social difficulties.\\nIf you don't feel comfortable sharing your disability, you can still explain that you have trouble with a specific thing. Most non-autistic people are familiar with the idea of social challenges or awkwardness and view it as a normal and reasonable thing to accommodate.\\n\\\"I have a hard time reading people. If I'm doing anything that upsets or bothers you, please tell me, so that I can stop.\\\"\\n\\\"I have a bit of trouble understanding sarcasm and jokes. If I look confused or am asking you odd questions, that's why.\\\"\\n3-3. Look for patterns in people's requests.\\nFor example, if your boyfriend doesn't like it when you show him a newt, a lizard, and a praying mantis you caught, it may mean that he doesn't like to look at creepy crawlies at all. Consider the idea of a pattern, and feel free to ask if you are unsure.\\n3-4. Aim for absolute clarity around boundaries.\\nIf someone is uncomfortable with something, or if you are uncomfortable with something, there needs to be a clear understanding. If someone expresses a boundary, listen closely and ask for clarification as needed. If you are uncomfortable with something, say so, so that the other person knows to respect that. \\n\\\"So it bothers you to be hugged from behind? Okay, I won't do that anymore.\\\"\\n\\\"I want to make sure we're clear: do you always dislike it when I put my arm around you, or is it only in certain situations?\\\"\\n\\\"Please don't jump out and try to startle me like that. It really upsets me.\\\"\\n\\\"I really dislike being kissed on the cheek or forehead. Maybe you could hug me instead, or kiss the top of my head?\\\"\\n3-5. Remind yourself of their thoughts, opinions, and preferences.\\nIt can be difficult to keep track of different people's different perspectives. You can improve your memory by summarizing the conversation in your head, after it happens. \\nFor example, tell yourself \\\"Diamond said she was looking forward to visiting Europe with her mom. Germany is her favorite country, because she speaks the language, and she wants to see France too.\\\"\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Autistic people can have a hard time picking up on social cues and understanding emotional things, and this could lead to miscommunication. Here are some ways to avoid miscommunication in your relationships.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Speaking Well\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Aim for clarity in your own speech.\", \"描述\": \"Another major part of communication of course, is speaking. Good communication comes from clear intent of what you want to communicate to them. Be clear in yourself what you want to get across. Is it some information? Some experience you had? Some feeling you have? Some opinion? Do you want to invite them or just tell them something? You may just want to have a friendly chat. So, your intention is to communicate that you are interested in who they are and you want them to know who you are. Know what you want to communicate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Say what you want to communicate, and ask them what they think about that.\", \"描述\": \"That way, you should be able to gauge if they have understood you or not. Speak directly and give some reasons or background. If they don't get it, you can say, \\\"Actually, I mean....\\\" and explain in a different way. Then, give some more reasons, to help them understand. Communication is about building a bridge from you to them.\\nIt might help to adjust your volume during the conversation.\\nYou can also practice some nonverbal communication strategies while you speak, like adjusting your tone of voice.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use body language that lets non-autistics know that you are listening.\", \"描述\": \"Non-autistic people have slightly different body language, and recognizing the cultural difference can help you understand how to show respect to them. Here are some things non-autistics see as signs of attention: \\nLooking in their direction (especially at their face)\\nPointing your body towards them\\nKeeping your stims subtle (tapping toes, twisting fingers, squeezing stim toy)\\nNot looking at distractions\\nConversely, if you want to hint that you're done with the conversation, do the opposite.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take your time.\", \"描述\": \"You don't need to speak up the instant that they are done talking, nor do you need to say everything in one go. Take pauses, and let the conversation slow down. Give your conversation partner a chance to finish their thoughts, and then they will most likely let them finish yours. \\nPauses can help let your message sink in. If you find yourself talking too quickly, stop and take a deep breath. Then let it out and continue.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Listening Well\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pay full attention\", \"描述\": \"Focus on what they are saying, not on what you are going to say to them. Your first goal is to understand their point of view. \\nIf you need to stim in order to pay attention, find a helpful and non-distracting stim. Bouncing your foot, fiddling with jewelry, squeezing a stim toy, et cetera, are all helpful stims.\\nIf the environment is distracting, say so. Ask if you could move to a quieter place, so you can listen better.\\nTry to practice talking about things aren't necessarily in your area of interest.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try to understand the other person.\", \"描述\": \"One part of communication is listening. Listen closely to what the person is saying. Pretend you are them, and think how you would see the situation if you were them. Nonverbal. These include emotions, how a person really feels about a topic, sarcasm, wishes, jokes, seriousness, etc. How would you feel if you were in their situation?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask for clarification.\", \"描述\": \"It's absolutely okay to ask people to clarify, and they usually prefer that you'd ask rather than you'd guess and get things mixed up. You can use scripts such as...\\n\\\"Did you mean...?\\\"\\n\\\"How do you feel about that?\\\"\\n\\\"Do you really mean it or are you just joking?\\\"\\n\\\"Are you really serious, because it's hard for me to tell.\\\"\\nWhen in doubt, ask, instead of assuming.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Paraphrase back to them.\", \"描述\": \"Say things like, \\\"So, I hear you saying that....\\\" or, \\\"I think you mean..., right?\\\" See what they say in return. You are being like a detective, gathering clues about what they're telling you and what they're feeling, to make sure your impressions match the other person's intention, to make sure you understand them.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep an eye on their body language.\", \"描述\": \"Notice what direction they are looking, if their body seems \\\"open\\\" or \\\"closed,\\\" how straight their posture is, and how this compares to their \\\"normal\\\" baseline. This can hint at what they are feeling inside. \\n\\nReading faces and body language is a skill. You can learn and work on it.\\nThis is harder for some people than others. If keeping track of it is distracting or overwhelming, refocus on the content of their words.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understanding Each Other\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be aware that everyone has a unique way of seeing the world.\", \"描述\": \"You might have to explain to them how you see things, and why you have a certain feeling or opinion, so they can understand. So, take some time to reflect on why you think or feel a certain way. Or why that person might like to do a certain thing, or be interested in a certain topic.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider disclosing your autism, or saying you have social difficulties.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't feel comfortable sharing your disability, you can still explain that you have trouble with a specific thing. Most non-autistic people are familiar with the idea of social challenges or awkwardness and view it as a normal and reasonable thing to accommodate.\\n\\\"I have a hard time reading people. If I'm doing anything that upsets or bothers you, please tell me, so that I can stop.\\\"\\n\\\"I have a bit of trouble understanding sarcasm and jokes. If I look confused or am asking you odd questions, that's why.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for patterns in people's requests.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if your boyfriend doesn't like it when you show him a newt, a lizard, and a praying mantis you caught, it may mean that he doesn't like to look at creepy crawlies at all. Consider the idea of a pattern, and feel free to ask if you are unsure.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Aim for absolute clarity around boundaries.\", \"描述\": \"If someone is uncomfortable with something, or if you are uncomfortable with something, there needs to be a clear understanding. If someone expresses a boundary, listen closely and ask for clarification as needed. If you are uncomfortable with something, say so, so that the other person knows to respect that. \\n\\\"So it bothers you to be hugged from behind? Okay, I won't do that anymore.\\\"\\n\\\"I want to make sure we're clear: do you always dislike it when I put my arm around you, or is it only in certain situations?\\\"\\n\\\"Please don't jump out and try to startle me like that. It really upsets me.\\\"\\n\\\"I really dislike being kissed on the cheek or forehead. Maybe you could hug me instead, or kiss the top of my head?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remind yourself of their thoughts, opinions, and preferences.\", \"描述\": \"It can be difficult to keep track of different people's different perspectives. You can improve your memory by summarizing the conversation in your head, after it happens. \\nFor example, tell yourself \\\"Diamond said she was looking forward to visiting Europe with her mom. Germany is her favorite country, because she speaks the language, and she wants to see France too.\\\"\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,124 | How to Avoid Miscommunication with Different Cultures | 1. Keep a respectful distance until you get to know someone.
Different cultures have different ideas of personal space.
Generally, it's considered rude to get in someone's face, or to sit or stand too close to someone you don't know. Stay about arm's length away—enough room for a bow or a handshake—until you learn what the other person is comfortable with.
For example, people from Latin American cultures often stand closer together and touch each other frequently. However, if you do this when you've just met someone, they might feel uncomfortable.
2. Speak slowly and deliberately.
Enunciate and say each word clearly so the person can follow.
If you're talking to someone whose first language isn't your native language, make sure they understand every word. You don't have to raise your voice (unless they're actually hard of hearing)—just use correct pronunciation and say every syllable of each word distinctly. Pause between each sentence to give them a moment to comprehend what you've said.
Maintain eye contact as you talk so you can tell if they're understanding what you say. If they appear confused, stop and ask them to tell you what they don't understand so you can make it clearer for them.
3. Use simple, straightforward language.
Metaphors, idioms, and slang are hard for non-native speakers to understand.
Non-native speakers tend to understand words literally, which makes figurative language more difficult for them to translate. You'll be less likely to miscommunicate if you say exactly what you mean.
Some slang becomes so ingrained in your speech that you might not even recognize it as slang. For example, suppose you said, "I would've bombed that test if I hadn't hit the books, so I had to pull an all-nighter to ace it." In that seemingly simple sentence, words like "bombed," "hit," "all-nighter," and "ace" are slang terms that might confuse a non-native speaker.
Avoid sarcasm, which doesn't translate well. It's hard to understand and can be even harder to explain—especially if you're talking to someone whose culture doesn't really use sarcasm or dry humor.
4. Tone down gestures and hand signals.
Maintain a formal, reserved posture with your hands folded or at your side.
Hand gestures, in particular, can be a minefield in cross-cultural communication. Even "talking with your hands," which is common in some cultures, can seem overly familiar and casual in others.
Some gestures that are fine in your culture might be rude in another culture. For example, pointing at someone is rude in many cultures. Even a subtle nod of the head doesn't always mean "yes"—if you're talking to a Bulgarian or a Greek, it means the opposite.
Often you'll be fine if you simply mirror the other person's stance. For example, if they're standing with their hands clasped behind their back and you stand in the same way, you'll be unlikely to offend them or miscommunicate your intent.
If you're sitting, keep your feet flat on the floor or cross them at the ankles and try not to fidget too much. Showing the soles of your feet or pointing them toward another person is offensive to people from certain parts of the Middle East and India.
5. Address the person politely by their surname.
Many cultures maintain a high degree of formality with strangers.
Some cultures are more casual than others, but you can never go wrong with being overly polite. If you're being excessively formal, the person you're talking to will correct you—but they certainly won't be offended by it.
Generally, refer to strangers by their surname and "Mr." or "Ms." In many cultures, it's a big deal to be on a first-name basis with someone. If they prefer that you call them by their first name, or by something else, they'll let you know.
Remember your manners! Regularly use words such as "please," "thank you," "excuse me," "pardon me," and "I'm sorry." If you know some of these words and phrases in the person's native language, they'll appreciate it all the more.
6. Make brief, frequent eye contact.
Keep eye contact brief to show respect and attention.
Different cultures treat eye contact differently, so it's best to keep it brief if you're trying to avoid miscommunication. In some Asian, Latin American, and African communities, prolonged eye contact is seen as rude and challenging.
In more hierarchal cultures, such as many Asian cultures, avoid eye contact if you're speaking to someone older than you or in a position of authority. This communicates respect for their position.
In Middle Eastern cultures, prolonged eye contact is common if you're speaking to someone of the same gender, but if you're speaking to someone of another sex, eye contact should generally be avoided.
7. Demonstrate what to do when giving instructions.
Providing a physical demonstration ensures nothing gets lost in translation.
Although you do want to be careful with hand gestures generally, it's entirely different if you're showing someone how to do something. A demonstration is usually easier to follow than verbal directions—especially if you're not speaking the person's native language.
For example, if you're talking about baking a cake, you might mime the act of stirring, using a spoon in an empty bowl. You could also wave your hands over the cake to demonstrate how to spread the icing on the cake after it cools.
If you're showing someone how to use something, walk them through the steps while using it yourself.
Physical demonstrations are also helpful if you're trying to communicate in a non-native language and don't remember the word for something. If you can show the other person what you mean, they'll usually catch on pretty quick.
8. Ask the other person questions if you don't understand.
Use open-ended questions to get additional details or clarification.
While yes/no questions might seem easier for the other person to answer, many cultures stigmatize negative answers. That means you'll get some sort of "yes" answer every time, even if it's not meant—and this can lead to a lot of confusion. Open-ended questions give you enough information to figure out what the person really means.
Likewise, if you want to make sure the person understood you, ask them to repeat what you said rather than simply asking them if they understood.
You can also simply repeat an ambiguous word or phrase as a way to seek clarification. For example, if the person keeps mentioning your assistant and you don't have an assistant, you might say "Assistant?" They'll fill in information about the person they're talking about, and then you can clarify that person's role.
9. Learn as much as you can about the other culture.
Look up information about cultural norms online before meeting someone.
A simple search with the name of the person's culture or nationality and a phrase such as "cultural etiquette," "social norms," or "customs and norms" will get you the information you need. If you're talking to someone in a particular context, find out cultural norms that are applicable there as well.
Take the time to get to know your coworker so you can understand how they like to communicate.
Keep in mind that cultures can be extremely varied, so be as specific as possible. For example, while you'll get some information by searching for "Asian culture," you'll get better information if you look specifically for "Chinese culture," "Korean culture," or "Japanese culture."
For example, if you're meeting someone as a business representative to negotiate a contract, look up cultural norms both for business and for contract negotiation.
Picking up some common words and phrases in someone's native language also helps a lot! For example, polite words and phrases such as "I'm sorry," "please," and "thank you" can help smooth out any missteps.
Tips
If someone makes a cultural reference that you don't understand, ask them about it! They'll likely enjoy explaining it to you and you'll learn something about their culture.[15]
X
Research source
If you're talking to someone from a different culture and say or do something to offend, sincerely apologize and ask how to handle the same situation in the future. This gives them the opportunity to teach you something about their culture.
Warnings
Avoid humor, especially in a business context. When you're communicating with someone from a different culture, it's more likely that your joke will be misunderstood at best—at worst, you risk causing offense.[16]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Keep a respectful distance until you get to know someone.\\nDifferent cultures have different ideas of personal space.\\nGenerally, it's considered rude to get in someone's face, or to sit or stand too close to someone you don't know. Stay about arm's length away—enough room for a bow or a handshake—until you learn what the other person is comfortable with.\\nFor example, people from Latin American cultures often stand closer together and touch each other frequently. However, if you do this when you've just met someone, they might feel uncomfortable.\\n2. Speak slowly and deliberately.\\nEnunciate and say each word clearly so the person can follow.\\nIf you're talking to someone whose first language isn't your native language, make sure they understand every word. You don't have to raise your voice (unless they're actually hard of hearing)—just use correct pronunciation and say every syllable of each word distinctly. Pause between each sentence to give them a moment to comprehend what you've said.\\nMaintain eye contact as you talk so you can tell if they're understanding what you say. If they appear confused, stop and ask them to tell you what they don't understand so you can make it clearer for them.\\n3. Use simple, straightforward language.\\nMetaphors, idioms, and slang are hard for non-native speakers to understand.\\nNon-native speakers tend to understand words literally, which makes figurative language more difficult for them to translate. You'll be less likely to miscommunicate if you say exactly what you mean.\\nSome slang becomes so ingrained in your speech that you might not even recognize it as slang. For example, suppose you said, \\\"I would've bombed that test if I hadn't hit the books, so I had to pull an all-nighter to ace it.\\\" In that seemingly simple sentence, words like \\\"bombed,\\\" \\\"hit,\\\" \\\"all-nighter,\\\" and \\\"ace\\\" are slang terms that might confuse a non-native speaker.\\nAvoid sarcasm, which doesn't translate well. It's hard to understand and can be even harder to explain—especially if you're talking to someone whose culture doesn't really use sarcasm or dry humor.\\n4. Tone down gestures and hand signals.\\nMaintain a formal, reserved posture with your hands folded or at your side.\\nHand gestures, in particular, can be a minefield in cross-cultural communication. Even \\\"talking with your hands,\\\" which is common in some cultures, can seem overly familiar and casual in others.\\nSome gestures that are fine in your culture might be rude in another culture. For example, pointing at someone is rude in many cultures. Even a subtle nod of the head doesn't always mean \\\"yes\\\"—if you're talking to a Bulgarian or a Greek, it means the opposite.\\nOften you'll be fine if you simply mirror the other person's stance. For example, if they're standing with their hands clasped behind their back and you stand in the same way, you'll be unlikely to offend them or miscommunicate your intent.\\nIf you're sitting, keep your feet flat on the floor or cross them at the ankles and try not to fidget too much. Showing the soles of your feet or pointing them toward another person is offensive to people from certain parts of the Middle East and India.\\n5. Address the person politely by their surname.\\nMany cultures maintain a high degree of formality with strangers.\\nSome cultures are more casual than others, but you can never go wrong with being overly polite. If you're being excessively formal, the person you're talking to will correct you—but they certainly won't be offended by it.\\nGenerally, refer to strangers by their surname and \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" In many cultures, it's a big deal to be on a first-name basis with someone. If they prefer that you call them by their first name, or by something else, they'll let you know.\\nRemember your manners! Regularly use words such as \\\"please,\\\" \\\"thank you,\\\" \\\"excuse me,\\\" \\\"pardon me,\\\" and \\\"I'm sorry.\\\" If you know some of these words and phrases in the person's native language, they'll appreciate it all the more.\\n6. Make brief, frequent eye contact.\\nKeep eye contact brief to show respect and attention.\\nDifferent cultures treat eye contact differently, so it's best to keep it brief if you're trying to avoid miscommunication. In some Asian, Latin American, and African communities, prolonged eye contact is seen as rude and challenging.\\nIn more hierarchal cultures, such as many Asian cultures, avoid eye contact if you're speaking to someone older than you or in a position of authority. This communicates respect for their position.\\nIn Middle Eastern cultures, prolonged eye contact is common if you're speaking to someone of the same gender, but if you're speaking to someone of another sex, eye contact should generally be avoided.\\n7. Demonstrate what to do when giving instructions.\\nProviding a physical demonstration ensures nothing gets lost in translation.\\nAlthough you do want to be careful with hand gestures generally, it's entirely different if you're showing someone how to do something. A demonstration is usually easier to follow than verbal directions—especially if you're not speaking the person's native language.\\nFor example, if you're talking about baking a cake, you might mime the act of stirring, using a spoon in an empty bowl. You could also wave your hands over the cake to demonstrate how to spread the icing on the cake after it cools.\\nIf you're showing someone how to use something, walk them through the steps while using it yourself.\\nPhysical demonstrations are also helpful if you're trying to communicate in a non-native language and don't remember the word for something. If you can show the other person what you mean, they'll usually catch on pretty quick.\\n8. Ask the other person questions if you don't understand.\\nUse open-ended questions to get additional details or clarification.\\nWhile yes/no questions might seem easier for the other person to answer, many cultures stigmatize negative answers. That means you'll get some sort of \\\"yes\\\" answer every time, even if it's not meant—and this can lead to a lot of confusion. Open-ended questions give you enough information to figure out what the person really means.\\nLikewise, if you want to make sure the person understood you, ask them to repeat what you said rather than simply asking them if they understood.\\nYou can also simply repeat an ambiguous word or phrase as a way to seek clarification. For example, if the person keeps mentioning your assistant and you don't have an assistant, you might say \\\"Assistant?\\\" They'll fill in information about the person they're talking about, and then you can clarify that person's role.\\n9. Learn as much as you can about the other culture.\\nLook up information about cultural norms online before meeting someone.\\nA simple search with the name of the person's culture or nationality and a phrase such as \\\"cultural etiquette,\\\" \\\"social norms,\\\" or \\\"customs and norms\\\" will get you the information you need. If you're talking to someone in a particular context, find out cultural norms that are applicable there as well.\\nTake the time to get to know your coworker so you can understand how they like to communicate.\\nKeep in mind that cultures can be extremely varied, so be as specific as possible. For example, while you'll get some information by searching for \\\"Asian culture,\\\" you'll get better information if you look specifically for \\\"Chinese culture,\\\" \\\"Korean culture,\\\" or \\\"Japanese culture.\\\"\\nFor example, if you're meeting someone as a business representative to negotiate a contract, look up cultural norms both for business and for contract negotiation.\\nPicking up some common words and phrases in someone's native language also helps a lot! For example, polite words and phrases such as \\\"I'm sorry,\\\" \\\"please,\\\" and \\\"thank you\\\" can help smooth out any missteps.\\nTips\\nIf someone makes a cultural reference that you don't understand, ask them about it! They'll likely enjoy explaining it to you and you'll learn something about their culture.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you're talking to someone from a different culture and say or do something to offend, sincerely apologize and ask how to handle the same situation in the future. This gives them the opportunity to teach you something about their culture.\\nWarnings\\nAvoid humor, especially in a business context. When you're communicating with someone from a different culture, it's more likely that your joke will be misunderstood at best—at worst, you risk causing offense.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Interacting with people from different cultures opens new horizons and introduces you to new perspectives. It might seem scary at first to talk to someone who speaks a different language or follows different social customs, but if you show that you're doing your best, it'll turn out okay. If you're worried about being misunderstood, never fear—we here at wikiHow have found loads of tips to help you avoid miscommunication and find common ground with anyone.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep a respectful distance until you get to know someone.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Different cultures have different ideas of personal space.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, it's considered rude to get in someone's face, or to sit or stand too close to someone you don't know. Stay about arm's length away—enough room for a bow or a handshake—until you learn what the other person is comfortable with.\\nFor example, people from Latin American cultures often stand closer together and touch each other frequently. However, if you do this when you've just met someone, they might feel uncomfortable.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Speak slowly and deliberately.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Enunciate and say each word clearly so the person can follow.\", \"描述\": \"If you're talking to someone whose first language isn't your native language, make sure they understand every word. You don't have to raise your voice (unless they're actually hard of hearing)—just use correct pronunciation and say every syllable of each word distinctly. Pause between each sentence to give them a moment to comprehend what you've said.\\nMaintain eye contact as you talk so you can tell if they're understanding what you say. If they appear confused, stop and ask them to tell you what they don't understand so you can make it clearer for them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use simple, straightforward language.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Metaphors, idioms, and slang are hard for non-native speakers to understand.\", \"描述\": \"Non-native speakers tend to understand words literally, which makes figurative language more difficult for them to translate. You'll be less likely to miscommunicate if you say exactly what you mean.\\nSome slang becomes so ingrained in your speech that you might not even recognize it as slang. For example, suppose you said, \\\"I would've bombed that test if I hadn't hit the books, so I had to pull an all-nighter to ace it.\\\" In that seemingly simple sentence, words like \\\"bombed,\\\" \\\"hit,\\\" \\\"all-nighter,\\\" and \\\"ace\\\" are slang terms that might confuse a non-native speaker.\\nAvoid sarcasm, which doesn't translate well. It's hard to understand and can be even harder to explain—especially if you're talking to someone whose culture doesn't really use sarcasm or dry humor.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tone down gestures and hand signals.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintain a formal, reserved posture with your hands folded or at your side.\", \"描述\": \"Hand gestures, in particular, can be a minefield in cross-cultural communication. Even \\\"talking with your hands,\\\" which is common in some cultures, can seem overly familiar and casual in others.\\nSome gestures that are fine in your culture might be rude in another culture. For example, pointing at someone is rude in many cultures. Even a subtle nod of the head doesn't always mean \\\"yes\\\"—if you're talking to a Bulgarian or a Greek, it means the opposite.\\nOften you'll be fine if you simply mirror the other person's stance. For example, if they're standing with their hands clasped behind their back and you stand in the same way, you'll be unlikely to offend them or miscommunicate your intent.\\nIf you're sitting, keep your feet flat on the floor or cross them at the ankles and try not to fidget too much. Showing the soles of your feet or pointing them toward another person is offensive to people from certain parts of the Middle East and India.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Address the person politely by their surname.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Many cultures maintain a high degree of formality with strangers.\", \"描述\": \"Some cultures are more casual than others, but you can never go wrong with being overly polite. If you're being excessively formal, the person you're talking to will correct you—but they certainly won't be offended by it.\\nGenerally, refer to strangers by their surname and \\\"Mr.\\\" or \\\"Ms.\\\" In many cultures, it's a big deal to be on a first-name basis with someone. If they prefer that you call them by their first name, or by something else, they'll let you know.\\nRemember your manners! Regularly use words such as \\\"please,\\\" \\\"thank you,\\\" \\\"excuse me,\\\" \\\"pardon me,\\\" and \\\"I'm sorry.\\\" If you know some of these words and phrases in the person's native language, they'll appreciate it all the more.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make brief, frequent eye contact.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep eye contact brief to show respect and attention.\", \"描述\": \"Different cultures treat eye contact differently, so it's best to keep it brief if you're trying to avoid miscommunication. In some Asian, Latin American, and African communities, prolonged eye contact is seen as rude and challenging.\\nIn more hierarchal cultures, such as many Asian cultures, avoid eye contact if you're speaking to someone older than you or in a position of authority. This communicates respect for their position.\\nIn Middle Eastern cultures, prolonged eye contact is common if you're speaking to someone of the same gender, but if you're speaking to someone of another sex, eye contact should generally be avoided.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate what to do when giving instructions.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Providing a physical demonstration ensures nothing gets lost in translation.\", \"描述\": \"Although you do want to be careful with hand gestures generally, it's entirely different if you're showing someone how to do something. A demonstration is usually easier to follow than verbal directions—especially if you're not speaking the person's native language.\\nFor example, if you're talking about baking a cake, you might mime the act of stirring, using a spoon in an empty bowl. You could also wave your hands over the cake to demonstrate how to spread the icing on the cake after it cools.\\nIf you're showing someone how to use something, walk them through the steps while using it yourself.\\nPhysical demonstrations are also helpful if you're trying to communicate in a non-native language and don't remember the word for something. If you can show the other person what you mean, they'll usually catch on pretty quick.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Ask the other person questions if you don't understand.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use open-ended questions to get additional details or clarification.\", \"描述\": \"While yes/no questions might seem easier for the other person to answer, many cultures stigmatize negative answers. That means you'll get some sort of \\\"yes\\\" answer every time, even if it's not meant—and this can lead to a lot of confusion. Open-ended questions give you enough information to figure out what the person really means.\\nLikewise, if you want to make sure the person understood you, ask them to repeat what you said rather than simply asking them if they understood.\\nYou can also simply repeat an ambiguous word or phrase as a way to seek clarification. For example, if the person keeps mentioning your assistant and you don't have an assistant, you might say \\\"Assistant?\\\" They'll fill in information about the person they're talking about, and then you can clarify that person's role.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Learn as much as you can about the other culture.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look up information about cultural norms online before meeting someone.\", \"描述\": \"A simple search with the name of the person's culture or nationality and a phrase such as \\\"cultural etiquette,\\\" \\\"social norms,\\\" or \\\"customs and norms\\\" will get you the information you need. If you're talking to someone in a particular context, find out cultural norms that are applicable there as well.\\nTake the time to get to know your coworker so you can understand how they like to communicate.\\nKeep in mind that cultures can be extremely varied, so be as specific as possible. For example, while you'll get some information by searching for \\\"Asian culture,\\\" you'll get better information if you look specifically for \\\"Chinese culture,\\\" \\\"Korean culture,\\\" or \\\"Japanese culture.\\\"\\nFor example, if you're meeting someone as a business representative to negotiate a contract, look up cultural norms both for business and for contract negotiation.\\nPicking up some common words and phrases in someone's native language also helps a lot! For example, polite words and phrases such as \\\"I'm sorry,\\\" \\\"please,\\\" and \\\"thank you\\\" can help smooth out any missteps.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If someone makes a cultural reference that you don't understand, ask them about it! They'll likely enjoy explaining it to you and you'll learn something about their culture.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you're talking to someone from a different culture and say or do something to offend, sincerely apologize and ask how to handle the same situation in the future. This gives them the opportunity to teach you something about their culture.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Avoid humor, especially in a business context. When you're communicating with someone from a different culture, it's more likely that your joke will be misunderstood at best—at worst, you risk causing offense.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,125 | How to Avoid Misgendering | 1. What is misgendering?
Misgendering is the act of acknowledging the wrong gender for someone (intentionally or not) or assuming someone's gender based on the way they look/act.
An example of misgendering would be using she/her pronouns for someone who actually uses they/them, or assuming somebody with long hair is a girl. Misgendering can be harmful for many reasons.
Misgendering is common for trans people, but cisgender people who appear to be another gender and/or have unisex names can also be misgendered.
2. Why is misgendering harmful?
It can have bad consequences for people's mental health.
Constantly and intentionally misgendering or deadnaming a trans person can cause dysphoria, anxiety, distress, depression, overall sadness, and impact their ability to function in daily life due to not feeling "seen". Several studies have shown that misgendering is extremely harmful.
3. Avoiding Misgendering
3-1. Refer to someone with gender neutral terms before you get to know them.
Use "they/them" and "person" to refer to somebody before you know their gender. For example, if you see a stranger at the park with a dog, you could say, "The person with the red shirt is walking their dog," rather than "That lady is walking her dog."
It will be likely be awkward for you and the other person when you called them "he" and "a guy" just because they had a buzz cut.
3-2. Avoid making assumptions on someone based on how they look.
Simply because somebody is wearing a dress doesn't mean they are a woman, and somebody with short hair isn't automatically a man. Don't make assumptions about someone's gender until you've met them.
3-3. Ask how the person would like to be referred to when you get the chance.
The best time to ask for someone's gender or pronouns are when you introduce yourself. You could state your pronouns, along with your name, for example; "Hello! I'm Sam. My pronouns are she/her and he/him. What's your name and what pronouns do you use?"
Many people don't like being asked what their pronouns are. For trans people, it can seem like being asked if they're trans, which can be a problem, especially if they're stealth. You can also ask for their name or gender directly.
3-4. Get creative when greeting friends.
Use words like "y'all" and "folks," "greetings," "everyone," or "friends," when addressing your comrades, rather than "guys" or "ladies and gentlemen" to be more inclusive.
At all costs, avoid using phrases like "guys, gals and nonbinary pals" "girls, gays and theys" since it reduces trans and nonbinary down to gender and pronouns.
4. What to Do When You Misgender Someone
Correct yourself, and move on.
There's no need to make a scene after you've made a mistake with someone's name or pronouns. Apologize, correct yourself, and quickly move on. For example: "Jessie left his--sorry, their--bag at home this morning."
Apologizing repeatedly or talking about how you're trying to remember your friends pronouns but you have a terrible memory and you're so, so sorry will only make it awkward for the both of you. It most likely won't be the first or last time they've misgendered. Keep things simple and short.
5. What to Do If You've Misgendered Someone in the Past
Bring up the situation with the person you misgendered, and apologize.
Begin by going somewhere private with the person, and bring up the time you misgendered them. Start with something like, "Hey, Maya. I'm really sorry about when I misgendered you on the party last Friday. I'll try my best not to do it again in the future. Are we still cool?" Apologizing will show that you care about them and their feelings.
Try not to make a big deal out of this. Some people might have forgotten you misgendered them or brushed it off. Some people might remember. Either way, it's important to apologize.
Tips
If you frequently find yourself misgendered, it may be helpful to wear a nametag that includes your pronouns or to add your pronouns to your display name or about me.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What is misgendering?\\nMisgendering is the act of acknowledging the wrong gender for someone (intentionally or not) or assuming someone's gender based on the way they look/act.\\nAn example of misgendering would be using she/her pronouns for someone who actually uses they/them, or assuming somebody with long hair is a girl. Misgendering can be harmful for many reasons.\\nMisgendering is common for trans people, but cisgender people who appear to be another gender and/or have unisex names can also be misgendered.\\n2. Why is misgendering harmful?\\nIt can have bad consequences for people's mental health.\\nConstantly and intentionally misgendering or deadnaming a trans person can cause dysphoria, anxiety, distress, depression, overall sadness, and impact their ability to function in daily life due to not feeling \\\"seen\\\". Several studies have shown that misgendering is extremely harmful.\\n3. Avoiding Misgendering\\n3-1. Refer to someone with gender neutral terms before you get to know them.\\nUse \\\"they/them\\\" and \\\"person\\\" to refer to somebody before you know their gender. For example, if you see a stranger at the park with a dog, you could say, \\\"The person with the red shirt is walking their dog,\\\" rather than \\\"That lady is walking her dog.\\\"\\nIt will be likely be awkward for you and the other person when you called them \\\"he\\\" and \\\"a guy\\\" just because they had a buzz cut.\\n3-2. Avoid making assumptions on someone based on how they look.\\nSimply because somebody is wearing a dress doesn't mean they are a woman, and somebody with short hair isn't automatically a man. Don't make assumptions about someone's gender until you've met them.\\n3-3. Ask how the person would like to be referred to when you get the chance.\\nThe best time to ask for someone's gender or pronouns are when you introduce yourself. You could state your pronouns, along with your name, for example; \\\"Hello! I'm Sam. My pronouns are she/her and he/him. What's your name and what pronouns do you use?\\\"\\nMany people don't like being asked what their pronouns are. For trans people, it can seem like being asked if they're trans, which can be a problem, especially if they're stealth. You can also ask for their name or gender directly.\\n3-4. Get creative when greeting friends.\\nUse words like \\\"y'all\\\" and \\\"folks,\\\" \\\"greetings,\\\" \\\"everyone,\\\" or \\\"friends,\\\" when addressing your comrades, rather than \\\"guys\\\" or \\\"ladies and gentlemen\\\" to be more inclusive.\\nAt all costs, avoid using phrases like \\\"guys, gals and nonbinary pals\\\" \\\"girls, gays and theys\\\" since it reduces trans and nonbinary down to gender and pronouns.\\n4. What to Do When You Misgender Someone\\nCorrect yourself, and move on.\\nThere's no need to make a scene after you've made a mistake with someone's name or pronouns. Apologize, correct yourself, and quickly move on. For example: \\\"Jessie left his--sorry, their--bag at home this morning.\\\"\\nApologizing repeatedly or talking about how you're trying to remember your friends pronouns but you have a terrible memory and you're so, so sorry will only make it awkward for the both of you. It most likely won't be the first or last time they've misgendered. Keep things simple and short.\\n5. What to Do If You've Misgendered Someone in the Past\\nBring up the situation with the person you misgendered, and apologize.\\nBegin by going somewhere private with the person, and bring up the time you misgendered them. Start with something like, \\\"Hey, Maya. I'm really sorry about when I misgendered you on the party last Friday. I'll try my best not to do it again in the future. Are we still cool?\\\" Apologizing will show that you care about them and their feelings.\\nTry not to make a big deal out of this. Some people might have forgotten you misgendered them or brushed it off. Some people might remember. Either way, it's important to apologize.\\nTips\\nIf you frequently find yourself misgendered, it may be helpful to wear a nametag that includes your pronouns or to add your pronouns to your display name or about me.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Misgendering is something you might have experienced at some point in your life whether you are trans or cis. Misgendering can be very hurtful and cause mental health issues for some. But what is misgendering, and what's so bad about it? In this wikiHow, you will learn about misgendering and what to do if you accidentally misgender someone.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What is misgendering?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Misgendering is the act of acknowledging the wrong gender for someone (intentionally or not) or assuming someone's gender based on the way they look/act.\", \"描述\": \"An example of misgendering would be using she/her pronouns for someone who actually uses they/them, or assuming somebody with long hair is a girl. Misgendering can be harmful for many reasons.\\nMisgendering is common for trans people, but cisgender people who appear to be another gender and/or have unisex names can also be misgendered.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Why is misgendering harmful?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It can have bad consequences for people's mental health.\", \"描述\": \"Constantly and intentionally misgendering or deadnaming a trans person can cause dysphoria, anxiety, distress, depression, overall sadness, and impact their ability to function in daily life due to not feeling \\\"seen\\\". Several studies have shown that misgendering is extremely harmful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Misgendering\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Refer to someone with gender neutral terms before you get to know them.\", \"描述\": \"Use \\\"they/them\\\" and \\\"person\\\" to refer to somebody before you know their gender. For example, if you see a stranger at the park with a dog, you could say, \\\"The person with the red shirt is walking their dog,\\\" rather than \\\"That lady is walking her dog.\\\"\\nIt will be likely be awkward for you and the other person when you called them \\\"he\\\" and \\\"a guy\\\" just because they had a buzz cut.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid making assumptions on someone based on how they look.\", \"描述\": \"Simply because somebody is wearing a dress doesn't mean they are a woman, and somebody with short hair isn't automatically a man. Don't make assumptions about someone's gender until you've met them.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask how the person would like to be referred to when you get the chance.\", \"描述\": \"The best time to ask for someone's gender or pronouns are when you introduce yourself. You could state your pronouns, along with your name, for example; \\\"Hello! I'm Sam. My pronouns are she/her and he/him. What's your name and what pronouns do you use?\\\"\\nMany people don't like being asked what their pronouns are. For trans people, it can seem like being asked if they're trans, which can be a problem, especially if they're stealth. You can also ask for their name or gender directly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get creative when greeting friends.\", \"描述\": \"Use words like \\\"y'all\\\" and \\\"folks,\\\" \\\"greetings,\\\" \\\"everyone,\\\" or \\\"friends,\\\" when addressing your comrades, rather than \\\"guys\\\" or \\\"ladies and gentlemen\\\" to be more inclusive.\\nAt all costs, avoid using phrases like \\\"guys, gals and nonbinary pals\\\" \\\"girls, gays and theys\\\" since it reduces trans and nonbinary down to gender and pronouns.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"What to Do When You Misgender Someone\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Correct yourself, and move on.\", \"描述\": \"There's no need to make a scene after you've made a mistake with someone's name or pronouns. Apologize, correct yourself, and quickly move on. For example: \\\"Jessie left his--sorry, their--bag at home this morning.\\\"\\nApologizing repeatedly or talking about how you're trying to remember your friends pronouns but you have a terrible memory and you're so, so sorry will only make it awkward for the both of you. It most likely won't be the first or last time they've misgendered. Keep things simple and short.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"What to Do If You've Misgendered Someone in the Past\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bring up the situation with the person you misgendered, and apologize.\", \"描述\": \"Begin by going somewhere private with the person, and bring up the time you misgendered them. Start with something like, \\\"Hey, Maya. I'm really sorry about when I misgendered you on the party last Friday. I'll try my best not to do it again in the future. Are we still cool?\\\" Apologizing will show that you care about them and their feelings.\\nTry not to make a big deal out of this. Some people might have forgotten you misgendered them or brushed it off. Some people might remember. Either way, it's important to apologize.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you frequently find yourself misgendered, it may be helpful to wear a nametag that includes your pronouns or to add your pronouns to your display name or about me.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,126 | How to Avoid Misunderstandings with Your Partner | 1. Communicating Effectively
1-1. Actively listen.
Listening to your partner can help you understand what they want and need. Even if they disagree with your opinion or perspective, listening is an important first step in avoiding misunderstandings with your partner.
Pay attention to nonverbal information. For instance, if you ask your partner if they want to go see a movie and they exhale with a “tsh” sound, raise their eyebrows sharply, and reply “Yeah,” they might not want to see a movie even though they said they did.
Rephrase what your partner says. For instance, if your partner says, “The pasta is a bit stiff still and the water is cold,” you might reply, “It sounds as though the pasta is not done cooking yet, is that right?”
Ask questions. In addition to paraphrasing what your partner says, you should ask questions if there’s anything you don’t understand or wish to obtain more information about.
1-2. Identify your feelings.
Sometimes it can be hard to know what you feel. You might want to push certain feelings away. This is especially the case with negative feelings like fear, shame, and embarrassment. But in order to avoid misunderstandings with your partner, you must identify your feelings, no matter how hard it might be.
To identify the feelings you have, concentrate on your thoughts. If you are thinking about how much you hate your partner, you might be angry. If you are thinking about how wonderful your partner is, you might be happy. If you are thinking about how grateful you are to have your partner in your life, you might be feeling love or appreciation.
To help you identify what you’re feeling, write a list of emotions on a sheet of paper and go through them one-by-one. For instance, you might write a list of emotions like angry, sad, happy, and so on. Move through the list and ask yourself, “Do I have this feeling?” If not, cross it off the list. If you’re experiencing a certain emotion on your list, circle it. You might be able to feel more than one emotion at a time.
Once you’ve identified your feeling, acknowledge the feeling by saying to yourself, for instance, “I feel sad” or “I feel angry.”
1-3. Share your feelings with your partner.
Once you’ve identified your feelings, you’re ready to share them with your partner. Your partner loves and cares about you, and you should, therefore, share your feelings with them in order to build a stronger and more honest relationship.
Be clear and direct when sharing feelings with you partner. Do not lie to your partner about your feelings.
Avoid using accusatory language like, “You make me feel…” when expressing your feelings. Instead, try owning your feelings by saying statements that start with, "I feel..."
When sharing your feelings with your partner, avoid accusatory language and combative statements. Instead, focus on your own experience and feelings.
For instance, instead of saying, “You’re rotten and I hate you for what you said,” try saying, “I felt very bad after our conversation.”
State your feeling first and the reason for the feeling after. If you feel angry with your partner, you could say, for instance, “I am very angry because of everything that occurred this morning.”
If you feel sad, you might say, “I’m sad that I have not been able to meet your family yet.”
1-4. Adopt a friendly demeanor.
If your tone is caustic and hostile, your partner might be defensive and your exchange might lead to misunderstanding. But if your body language is open and your tone of voice friendly, you and your partner are less likely to experience a misunderstanding.
For instance, if your partner says, “Hello,” do not sigh, roll your eyes, and huff, “What do you want?” Instead, say, “Hi, honey. What's up?”
Instead of yelling, “I hate you!” try using a calm voice and saying, “I feel rather upset.”
You could also adopt friendly body language by, for instance, keeping your arms uncrossed and moving gradually. Don’t wave your arms rapidly or slam your fist on the table. These nonverbal forms of communications could intimidate your partner.
Modulate your volume when speaking. Avoid yelling at your partner or using foul language.
Smile often at your partner to put them at ease and encourage them to communicate clearly and honestly with you.
Be patient when communicating with your partner.
If you find yourself getting frustrated with your partner during conversation, you might soon say something that leads to misunderstanding. To avoid this, try some relaxing breathing exercises. Close your eyes and breathe in for three seconds through your nose. Breathe out four five seconds through your mouth. Repeat as needed.
1-5. Stay focused on the issue.
Avoid generalizations. Be specific and direct when communicating with your partner. In conversation, stick to a single issue and the specific situation you and your partner are engaged in. For instance, if your partner is frustrating you, don’t say, “You always do this.” Instead, say, “I’m disappointed in the way our interaction is going.” Explain exactly why you’re disappointed and do not characterize your current conflict or misunderstanding as typical if it is not.
For instance, if you and your partner are discussing a mutual friend’s personality, avoid swerving off into a conversation about who you and your partner spend time with. Instead, say “We should really stick to the issue at hand.”
If your partner is upset that you always wear your shoes in the house, do not try justifying your behavior by changing the topic to how they never wash the dishes.
Additionally, avoid bringing in unrelated grievances during conversation. Muddying the issue might lead to misunderstandings. For instance, do not say, “You never wipe your feet when you come inside!” when discussing how your partner forgot to buy bananas at the grocery store.
Be realistic, fair, and level-headed when in conversation with your partner.
1-6. Apologize if necessary.
If you’ve noticed that you’ve confused your partner, or have said something you didn’t really mean, apologize for doing so. For instance, if you’ve said something that caused your partner to ask, “What did you mean by that?” you might reply, “Sorry, let me explain it another way.” This will solve the misunderstanding you’ve already caused and prevent future misunderstandings based on the initial one.
Once the conversation is over, reflect on everything that was said. You might decide that you owe your partner an apology. If necessary, say, “Thank you for talking to me earlier. I see now that you are correct. I am truly sorry.”
For instance, if your partner points out that you implied that you were going to be home at 1:00 but you were home at 2:00 and you realize your ambiguous language did leave such a possibility open, say, “Wow, I am very sorry I wasn't clearer I will be more careful next time.”
2. Developing Empathy
2-1. Reflect on what was said.
If your first reaction is to get angry or frustrated, hold off doing so until you have more evidence that such a reaction is warranted. If you’re in the middle of a conversation, for instance, and your partner says something that tees you off, wait until you have more information when the exchange is complete before deciding how to react and feel.
For instance, suppose your partner says, “I am not just mad that you were late. I am upset about the fact that you seem to often be late and have not corrected this behavior despite the multiple conversations we’ve had about the subject. This suggests to me that you do not value my time.” You might need time to mull it over. Think about the prior conversations you had over the topic. Ask yourself, “Is my partner correct? Have I been thoughtless and/or insensitive to their needs?”
Do not stop reflecting on what your partner said after the misunderstanding has passed. To avoid future misunderstandings, incorporate your new information and improved understanding about how your partner feels and what their expectations are into your decision-making process.
For instance, if your partner expresses frustration over you being late to lunch, do not be late to other appointments involving them such as, movie dates, dinner dates, or planned workout sessions at your local gym. Ask yourself if you need to mark your appointments in your phone so that you can get alerts and reminders.
2-2. Look for information that casts doubt on your conclusions.
One sources of misunderstandings is concentrating on only one fact or set of facts without looking at the entirety of your partner or the entirety of what they said. To avoid this tendency, step back and look at your partner’s entire statement, or entirety of the conversation.
For instance, if your partner says, “I dislike your friends,” you might misunderstand them and think they mean that they don’t like you. To prevent yourself from reaching this conclusion, look for facts outside of your conclusion that cast doubt on it, such as the fact that your partner loves and cares for you, and the fact that you and your friends are not the same in every way.
Try to calmly follow up on statements without becoming defensive. If, for example, your partner says they do not like your friends, you might ask them who they dislike and way. Reflect back what you hear your partner say.
2-3. See things from your partner’s point of view.
Seeing things from your partner’s point of view can help you avoid misunderstandings with your partner. To see things from another point of view, use your imagination. Consider what they might be feeling or thinking based on your knowledge of their life history and personal experiences.
For instance, if your partner did not grow up in a household where meals were frequently made at home, this information might help you understand why they expect you to make dinner.
If your partner was mugged while walking home from work, you might be able to reflect on this situation to better understand why they expect you to pick them up from work after dark.
In other words, what you see as demands upon your time, your partner probably sees as opportunities for you to help them and take the lead. You should see these opportunities in a similar way, or at least understand how your partner sees things. If you are ever uncomfortable with certain responsibilities, discuss your concerns with your partner to avoid similar misunderstandings.
3. Exploring New Ways to Communicate
3-1. View your partner as a teammate.
Don’t insist on “winning.” If you feel that you must always be right or come out on top in a conversation or discussion, you might cause misunderstandings with your partner. Instead of trying to view each conversation or debate as a zero-sum game where either you win and your partner loses (or vice versa), try to view conversations as opportunities where you and your partner can both grow and learn from one another.
3-2. Share your expectations.
Couples often encounter misunderstandings because they did not have the same expectations. For instance, if you and your partner agree to spend the day together but do not plan what you want to do on your date, you might both end up frustrated due to the miscommunication. To avoid such a situation, be clear, honest, and direct when expressing your desires and expectations.
For instance, when setting weekend plans, instead of saying, “I’d like to spend some time with you this weekend,” say “I’d like for us to get to dinner at a nice restaurant and attend the opera on Sunday.”
3-3. Separate if necessary.
If, during conversation with your partner, you find that you’re not really getting anywhere, take a break and try to resume the conversation later. You might say to your partner, “This doesn’t seem to be productive. Let’s talk more later.”
During the break in the conversation, do some meditation or take a walk to help clear your head and think about what was said during the previous conversation.
3-4. Find out more about relationships.
There are many ways to learn from others who have been in situations that are the same or similar to the one you and your partner are in. You could, for instance, check out relationship info online from reputable sources. A better option, though, is to visit your local library and check out some volumes on relationship communication. Alternately, or in addition to relationship research, talk to other couples. Find out how they avoid misunderstandings and work to incorporate their tips and tricks into your own life.
3-5. Reframe your relationship.
View your partner as a friend and ally. You and your partner both want what’s best for the relationship. Look at your partner as a teammate. To help you reframe the relationship, say to your partner, “We both want what’s best, we are just coming at the situation from two different perspectives. Let’s work together to get through this.”
3-6. Attend couples counseling.
Couples counseling or couples therapy introduces a trained therapist into your relationship to analyze – and hopefully solve – your misunderstandings with your partner. Working together with your therapist, you and your partner will be able to get an unbiased opinion about the nature of your relationship dynamic that you can use to avoid and solve misunderstandings.
To find a good couples therapist, ask for recommendations from others who have gone through couples therapy, or from your own therapist. You could also search online for therapists.
Interview several potential couples therapists before choosing one. The couples therapist you’re considering should hold an LMFT or LCSW license, or a Ph.D, Psy.D, or MSW degree. Only choose a therapist with experience and training helping couples resolve and avoid misunderstandings.
Ensure that any couples therapist you’re interested in working with accepts your insurance.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Communicating Effectively\\n1-1. Actively listen.\\nListening to your partner can help you understand what they want and need. Even if they disagree with your opinion or perspective, listening is an important first step in avoiding misunderstandings with your partner.\\nPay attention to nonverbal information. For instance, if you ask your partner if they want to go see a movie and they exhale with a “tsh” sound, raise their eyebrows sharply, and reply “Yeah,” they might not want to see a movie even though they said they did.\\nRephrase what your partner says. For instance, if your partner says, “The pasta is a bit stiff still and the water is cold,” you might reply, “It sounds as though the pasta is not done cooking yet, is that right?”\\nAsk questions. In addition to paraphrasing what your partner says, you should ask questions if there’s anything you don’t understand or wish to obtain more information about.\\n1-2. Identify your feelings.\\nSometimes it can be hard to know what you feel. You might want to push certain feelings away. This is especially the case with negative feelings like fear, shame, and embarrassment. But in order to avoid misunderstandings with your partner, you must identify your feelings, no matter how hard it might be.\\nTo identify the feelings you have, concentrate on your thoughts. If you are thinking about how much you hate your partner, you might be angry. If you are thinking about how wonderful your partner is, you might be happy. If you are thinking about how grateful you are to have your partner in your life, you might be feeling love or appreciation.\\nTo help you identify what you’re feeling, write a list of emotions on a sheet of paper and go through them one-by-one. For instance, you might write a list of emotions like angry, sad, happy, and so on. Move through the list and ask yourself, “Do I have this feeling?” If not, cross it off the list. If you’re experiencing a certain emotion on your list, circle it. You might be able to feel more than one emotion at a time.\\nOnce you’ve identified your feeling, acknowledge the feeling by saying to yourself, for instance, “I feel sad” or “I feel angry.”\\n1-3. Share your feelings with your partner.\\nOnce you’ve identified your feelings, you’re ready to share them with your partner. Your partner loves and cares about you, and you should, therefore, share your feelings with them in order to build a stronger and more honest relationship.\\nBe clear and direct when sharing feelings with you partner. Do not lie to your partner about your feelings.\\nAvoid using accusatory language like, “You make me feel…” when expressing your feelings. Instead, try owning your feelings by saying statements that start with, \\\"I feel...\\\"\\nWhen sharing your feelings with your partner, avoid accusatory language and combative statements. Instead, focus on your own experience and feelings.\\nFor instance, instead of saying, “You’re rotten and I hate you for what you said,” try saying, “I felt very bad after our conversation.”\\nState your feeling first and the reason for the feeling after. If you feel angry with your partner, you could say, for instance, “I am very angry because of everything that occurred this morning.”\\nIf you feel sad, you might say, “I’m sad that I have not been able to meet your family yet.”\\n1-4. Adopt a friendly demeanor.\\nIf your tone is caustic and hostile, your partner might be defensive and your exchange might lead to misunderstanding. But if your body language is open and your tone of voice friendly, you and your partner are less likely to experience a misunderstanding.\\nFor instance, if your partner says, “Hello,” do not sigh, roll your eyes, and huff, “What do you want?” Instead, say, “Hi, honey. What's up?”\\nInstead of yelling, “I hate you!” try using a calm voice and saying, “I feel rather upset.”\\nYou could also adopt friendly body language by, for instance, keeping your arms uncrossed and moving gradually. Don’t wave your arms rapidly or slam your fist on the table. These nonverbal forms of communications could intimidate your partner.\\nModulate your volume when speaking. Avoid yelling at your partner or using foul language.\\nSmile often at your partner to put them at ease and encourage them to communicate clearly and honestly with you.\\nBe patient when communicating with your partner.\\nIf you find yourself getting frustrated with your partner during conversation, you might soon say something that leads to misunderstanding. To avoid this, try some relaxing breathing exercises. Close your eyes and breathe in for three seconds through your nose. Breathe out four five seconds through your mouth. Repeat as needed.\\n1-5. Stay focused on the issue.\\nAvoid generalizations. Be specific and direct when communicating with your partner. In conversation, stick to a single issue and the specific situation you and your partner are engaged in. For instance, if your partner is frustrating you, don’t say, “You always do this.” Instead, say, “I’m disappointed in the way our interaction is going.” Explain exactly why you’re disappointed and do not characterize your current conflict or misunderstanding as typical if it is not.\\nFor instance, if you and your partner are discussing a mutual friend’s personality, avoid swerving off into a conversation about who you and your partner spend time with. Instead, say “We should really stick to the issue at hand.”\\nIf your partner is upset that you always wear your shoes in the house, do not try justifying your behavior by changing the topic to how they never wash the dishes.\\nAdditionally, avoid bringing in unrelated grievances during conversation. Muddying the issue might lead to misunderstandings. For instance, do not say, “You never wipe your feet when you come inside!” when discussing how your partner forgot to buy bananas at the grocery store.\\nBe realistic, fair, and level-headed when in conversation with your partner.\\n1-6. Apologize if necessary.\\nIf you’ve noticed that you’ve confused your partner, or have said something you didn’t really mean, apologize for doing so. For instance, if you’ve said something that caused your partner to ask, “What did you mean by that?” you might reply, “Sorry, let me explain it another way.” This will solve the misunderstanding you’ve already caused and prevent future misunderstandings based on the initial one.\\nOnce the conversation is over, reflect on everything that was said. You might decide that you owe your partner an apology. If necessary, say, “Thank you for talking to me earlier. I see now that you are correct. I am truly sorry.”\\nFor instance, if your partner points out that you implied that you were going to be home at 1:00 but you were home at 2:00 and you realize your ambiguous language did leave such a possibility open, say, “Wow, I am very sorry I wasn't clearer I will be more careful next time.”\\n2. Developing Empathy\\n2-1. Reflect on what was said.\\nIf your first reaction is to get angry or frustrated, hold off doing so until you have more evidence that such a reaction is warranted. If you’re in the middle of a conversation, for instance, and your partner says something that tees you off, wait until you have more information when the exchange is complete before deciding how to react and feel.\\nFor instance, suppose your partner says, “I am not just mad that you were late. I am upset about the fact that you seem to often be late and have not corrected this behavior despite the multiple conversations we’ve had about the subject. This suggests to me that you do not value my time.” You might need time to mull it over. Think about the prior conversations you had over the topic. Ask yourself, “Is my partner correct? Have I been thoughtless and/or insensitive to their needs?”\\nDo not stop reflecting on what your partner said after the misunderstanding has passed. To avoid future misunderstandings, incorporate your new information and improved understanding about how your partner feels and what their expectations are into your decision-making process.\\nFor instance, if your partner expresses frustration over you being late to lunch, do not be late to other appointments involving them such as, movie dates, dinner dates, or planned workout sessions at your local gym. Ask yourself if you need to mark your appointments in your phone so that you can get alerts and reminders.\\n2-2. Look for information that casts doubt on your conclusions.\\nOne sources of misunderstandings is concentrating on only one fact or set of facts without looking at the entirety of your partner or the entirety of what they said. To avoid this tendency, step back and look at your partner’s entire statement, or entirety of the conversation.\\nFor instance, if your partner says, “I dislike your friends,” you might misunderstand them and think they mean that they don’t like you. To prevent yourself from reaching this conclusion, look for facts outside of your conclusion that cast doubt on it, such as the fact that your partner loves and cares for you, and the fact that you and your friends are not the same in every way.\\nTry to calmly follow up on statements without becoming defensive. If, for example, your partner says they do not like your friends, you might ask them who they dislike and way. Reflect back what you hear your partner say.\\n2-3. See things from your partner’s point of view.\\nSeeing things from your partner’s point of view can help you avoid misunderstandings with your partner. To see things from another point of view, use your imagination. Consider what they might be feeling or thinking based on your knowledge of their life history and personal experiences.\\nFor instance, if your partner did not grow up in a household where meals were frequently made at home, this information might help you understand why they expect you to make dinner.\\nIf your partner was mugged while walking home from work, you might be able to reflect on this situation to better understand why they expect you to pick them up from work after dark.\\nIn other words, what you see as demands upon your time, your partner probably sees as opportunities for you to help them and take the lead. You should see these opportunities in a similar way, or at least understand how your partner sees things. If you are ever uncomfortable with certain responsibilities, discuss your concerns with your partner to avoid similar misunderstandings.\\n3. Exploring New Ways to Communicate\\n3-1. View your partner as a teammate.\\nDon’t insist on “winning.” If you feel that you must always be right or come out on top in a conversation or discussion, you might cause misunderstandings with your partner. Instead of trying to view each conversation or debate as a zero-sum game where either you win and your partner loses (or vice versa), try to view conversations as opportunities where you and your partner can both grow and learn from one another.\\n3-2. Share your expectations.\\nCouples often encounter misunderstandings because they did not have the same expectations. For instance, if you and your partner agree to spend the day together but do not plan what you want to do on your date, you might both end up frustrated due to the miscommunication. To avoid such a situation, be clear, honest, and direct when expressing your desires and expectations.\\nFor instance, when setting weekend plans, instead of saying, “I’d like to spend some time with you this weekend,” say “I’d like for us to get to dinner at a nice restaurant and attend the opera on Sunday.”\\n3-3. Separate if necessary.\\nIf, during conversation with your partner, you find that you’re not really getting anywhere, take a break and try to resume the conversation later. You might say to your partner, “This doesn’t seem to be productive. Let’s talk more later.”\\nDuring the break in the conversation, do some meditation or take a walk to help clear your head and think about what was said during the previous conversation.\\n3-4. Find out more about relationships.\\nThere are many ways to learn from others who have been in situations that are the same or similar to the one you and your partner are in. You could, for instance, check out relationship info online from reputable sources. A better option, though, is to visit your local library and check out some volumes on relationship communication. Alternately, or in addition to relationship research, talk to other couples. Find out how they avoid misunderstandings and work to incorporate their tips and tricks into your own life.\\n3-5. Reframe your relationship.\\nView your partner as a friend and ally. You and your partner both want what’s best for the relationship. Look at your partner as a teammate. To help you reframe the relationship, say to your partner, “We both want what’s best, we are just coming at the situation from two different perspectives. Let’s work together to get through this.”\\n3-6. Attend couples counseling.\\nCouples counseling or couples therapy introduces a trained therapist into your relationship to analyze – and hopefully solve – your misunderstandings with your partner. Working together with your therapist, you and your partner will be able to get an unbiased opinion about the nature of your relationship dynamic that you can use to avoid and solve misunderstandings.\\nTo find a good couples therapist, ask for recommendations from others who have gone through couples therapy, or from your own therapist. You could also search online for therapists.\\nInterview several potential couples therapists before choosing one. The couples therapist you’re considering should hold an LMFT or LCSW license, or a Ph.D, Psy.D, or MSW degree. Only choose a therapist with experience and training helping couples resolve and avoid misunderstandings.\\nEnsure that any couples therapist you’re interested in working with accepts your insurance.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A solid relationship requires avoiding misunderstandings with your partner. Actively listen to your partner and think carefully about what they have to say. Once you’ve decided how you feel about what your partner said, talk to them and express your feelings. Always be open and honest with your partner. If necessary, seek the help of a professional relationship counselor to help you and your partner avoid misunderstandings.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Communicating Effectively\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Actively listen.\", \"描述\": \"Listening to your partner can help you understand what they want and need. Even if they disagree with your opinion or perspective, listening is an important first step in avoiding misunderstandings with your partner.\\nPay attention to nonverbal information. For instance, if you ask your partner if they want to go see a movie and they exhale with a “tsh” sound, raise their eyebrows sharply, and reply “Yeah,” they might not want to see a movie even though they said they did.\\nRephrase what your partner says. For instance, if your partner says, “The pasta is a bit stiff still and the water is cold,” you might reply, “It sounds as though the pasta is not done cooking yet, is that right?”\\nAsk questions. In addition to paraphrasing what your partner says, you should ask questions if there’s anything you don’t understand or wish to obtain more information about.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Identify your feelings.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes it can be hard to know what you feel. You might want to push certain feelings away. This is especially the case with negative feelings like fear, shame, and embarrassment. But in order to avoid misunderstandings with your partner, you must identify your feelings, no matter how hard it might be.\\nTo identify the feelings you have, concentrate on your thoughts. If you are thinking about how much you hate your partner, you might be angry. If you are thinking about how wonderful your partner is, you might be happy. If you are thinking about how grateful you are to have your partner in your life, you might be feeling love or appreciation.\\nTo help you identify what you’re feeling, write a list of emotions on a sheet of paper and go through them one-by-one. For instance, you might write a list of emotions like angry, sad, happy, and so on. Move through the list and ask yourself, “Do I have this feeling?” If not, cross it off the list. If you’re experiencing a certain emotion on your list, circle it. You might be able to feel more than one emotion at a time.\\nOnce you’ve identified your feeling, acknowledge the feeling by saying to yourself, for instance, “I feel sad” or “I feel angry.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Share your feelings with your partner.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve identified your feelings, you’re ready to share them with your partner. Your partner loves and cares about you, and you should, therefore, share your feelings with them in order to build a stronger and more honest relationship.\\nBe clear and direct when sharing feelings with you partner. Do not lie to your partner about your feelings.\\nAvoid using accusatory language like, “You make me feel…” when expressing your feelings. Instead, try owning your feelings by saying statements that start with, \\\"I feel...\\\"\\nWhen sharing your feelings with your partner, avoid accusatory language and combative statements. Instead, focus on your own experience and feelings.\\nFor instance, instead of saying, “You’re rotten and I hate you for what you said,” try saying, “I felt very bad after our conversation.”\\nState your feeling first and the reason for the feeling after. If you feel angry with your partner, you could say, for instance, “I am very angry because of everything that occurred this morning.”\\nIf you feel sad, you might say, “I’m sad that I have not been able to meet your family yet.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adopt a friendly demeanor.\", \"描述\": \"If your tone is caustic and hostile, your partner might be defensive and your exchange might lead to misunderstanding. But if your body language is open and your tone of voice friendly, you and your partner are less likely to experience a misunderstanding.\\nFor instance, if your partner says, “Hello,” do not sigh, roll your eyes, and huff, “What do you want?” Instead, say, “Hi, honey. What's up?”\\nInstead of yelling, “I hate you!” try using a calm voice and saying, “I feel rather upset.”\\nYou could also adopt friendly body language by, for instance, keeping your arms uncrossed and moving gradually. Don’t wave your arms rapidly or slam your fist on the table. These nonverbal forms of communications could intimidate your partner.\\nModulate your volume when speaking. Avoid yelling at your partner or using foul language.\\nSmile often at your partner to put them at ease and encourage them to communicate clearly and honestly with you.\\nBe patient when communicating with your partner.\\nIf you find yourself getting frustrated with your partner during conversation, you might soon say something that leads to misunderstanding. To avoid this, try some relaxing breathing exercises. Close your eyes and breathe in for three seconds through your nose. Breathe out four five seconds through your mouth. Repeat as needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stay focused on the issue.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid generalizations. Be specific and direct when communicating with your partner. In conversation, stick to a single issue and the specific situation you and your partner are engaged in. For instance, if your partner is frustrating you, don’t say, “You always do this.” Instead, say, “I’m disappointed in the way our interaction is going.” Explain exactly why you’re disappointed and do not characterize your current conflict or misunderstanding as typical if it is not.\\nFor instance, if you and your partner are discussing a mutual friend’s personality, avoid swerving off into a conversation about who you and your partner spend time with. Instead, say “We should really stick to the issue at hand.”\\nIf your partner is upset that you always wear your shoes in the house, do not try justifying your behavior by changing the topic to how they never wash the dishes.\\nAdditionally, avoid bringing in unrelated grievances during conversation. Muddying the issue might lead to misunderstandings. For instance, do not say, “You never wipe your feet when you come inside!” when discussing how your partner forgot to buy bananas at the grocery store.\\nBe realistic, fair, and level-headed when in conversation with your partner.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apologize if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If you’ve noticed that you’ve confused your partner, or have said something you didn’t really mean, apologize for doing so. For instance, if you’ve said something that caused your partner to ask, “What did you mean by that?” you might reply, “Sorry, let me explain it another way.” This will solve the misunderstanding you’ve already caused and prevent future misunderstandings based on the initial one.\\nOnce the conversation is over, reflect on everything that was said. You might decide that you owe your partner an apology. If necessary, say, “Thank you for talking to me earlier. I see now that you are correct. I am truly sorry.”\\nFor instance, if your partner points out that you implied that you were going to be home at 1:00 but you were home at 2:00 and you realize your ambiguous language did leave such a possibility open, say, “Wow, I am very sorry I wasn't clearer I will be more careful next time.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Developing Empathy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Reflect on what was said.\", \"描述\": \"If your first reaction is to get angry or frustrated, hold off doing so until you have more evidence that such a reaction is warranted. If you’re in the middle of a conversation, for instance, and your partner says something that tees you off, wait until you have more information when the exchange is complete before deciding how to react and feel.\\nFor instance, suppose your partner says, “I am not just mad that you were late. I am upset about the fact that you seem to often be late and have not corrected this behavior despite the multiple conversations we’ve had about the subject. This suggests to me that you do not value my time.” You might need time to mull it over. Think about the prior conversations you had over the topic. Ask yourself, “Is my partner correct? Have I been thoughtless and/or insensitive to their needs?”\\nDo not stop reflecting on what your partner said after the misunderstanding has passed. To avoid future misunderstandings, incorporate your new information and improved understanding about how your partner feels and what their expectations are into your decision-making process.\\nFor instance, if your partner expresses frustration over you being late to lunch, do not be late to other appointments involving them such as, movie dates, dinner dates, or planned workout sessions at your local gym. Ask yourself if you need to mark your appointments in your phone so that you can get alerts and reminders.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for information that casts doubt on your conclusions.\", \"描述\": \"One sources of misunderstandings is concentrating on only one fact or set of facts without looking at the entirety of your partner or the entirety of what they said. To avoid this tendency, step back and look at your partner’s entire statement, or entirety of the conversation.\\nFor instance, if your partner says, “I dislike your friends,” you might misunderstand them and think they mean that they don’t like you. To prevent yourself from reaching this conclusion, look for facts outside of your conclusion that cast doubt on it, such as the fact that your partner loves and cares for you, and the fact that you and your friends are not the same in every way.\\nTry to calmly follow up on statements without becoming defensive. If, for example, your partner says they do not like your friends, you might ask them who they dislike and way. Reflect back what you hear your partner say.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"See things from your partner’s point of view.\", \"描述\": \"Seeing things from your partner’s point of view can help you avoid misunderstandings with your partner. To see things from another point of view, use your imagination. Consider what they might be feeling or thinking based on your knowledge of their life history and personal experiences.\\nFor instance, if your partner did not grow up in a household where meals were frequently made at home, this information might help you understand why they expect you to make dinner.\\nIf your partner was mugged while walking home from work, you might be able to reflect on this situation to better understand why they expect you to pick them up from work after dark.\\nIn other words, what you see as demands upon your time, your partner probably sees as opportunities for you to help them and take the lead. You should see these opportunities in a similar way, or at least understand how your partner sees things. If you are ever uncomfortable with certain responsibilities, discuss your concerns with your partner to avoid similar misunderstandings.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Exploring New Ways to Communicate\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"View your partner as a teammate.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t insist on “winning.” If you feel that you must always be right or come out on top in a conversation or discussion, you might cause misunderstandings with your partner. Instead of trying to view each conversation or debate as a zero-sum game where either you win and your partner loses (or vice versa), try to view conversations as opportunities where you and your partner can both grow and learn from one another.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Share your expectations.\", \"描述\": \"Couples often encounter misunderstandings because they did not have the same expectations. For instance, if you and your partner agree to spend the day together but do not plan what you want to do on your date, you might both end up frustrated due to the miscommunication. To avoid such a situation, be clear, honest, and direct when expressing your desires and expectations.\\nFor instance, when setting weekend plans, instead of saying, “I’d like to spend some time with you this weekend,” say “I’d like for us to get to dinner at a nice restaurant and attend the opera on Sunday.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Separate if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If, during conversation with your partner, you find that you’re not really getting anywhere, take a break and try to resume the conversation later. You might say to your partner, “This doesn’t seem to be productive. Let’s talk more later.”\\nDuring the break in the conversation, do some meditation or take a walk to help clear your head and think about what was said during the previous conversation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find out more about relationships.\", \"描述\": \"There are many ways to learn from others who have been in situations that are the same or similar to the one you and your partner are in. You could, for instance, check out relationship info online from reputable sources. A better option, though, is to visit your local library and check out some volumes on relationship communication. Alternately, or in addition to relationship research, talk to other couples. Find out how they avoid misunderstandings and work to incorporate their tips and tricks into your own life.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Reframe your relationship.\", \"描述\": \"View your partner as a friend and ally. You and your partner both want what’s best for the relationship. Look at your partner as a teammate. To help you reframe the relationship, say to your partner, “We both want what’s best, we are just coming at the situation from two different perspectives. Let’s work together to get through this.”\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Attend couples counseling.\", \"描述\": \"Couples counseling or couples therapy introduces a trained therapist into your relationship to analyze – and hopefully solve – your misunderstandings with your partner. Working together with your therapist, you and your partner will be able to get an unbiased opinion about the nature of your relationship dynamic that you can use to avoid and solve misunderstandings.\\nTo find a good couples therapist, ask for recommendations from others who have gone through couples therapy, or from your own therapist. You could also search online for therapists.\\nInterview several potential couples therapists before choosing one. The couples therapist you’re considering should hold an LMFT or LCSW license, or a Ph.D, Psy.D, or MSW degree. Only choose a therapist with experience and training helping couples resolve and avoid misunderstandings.\\nEnsure that any couples therapist you’re interested in working with accepts your insurance.\"}]}]}}",
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3,127 | How to Avoid Mosquito Bites | 1. Preventing Mosquitoes from Biting You
1-1. Wear mosquito repellent.
A variety of specially-formulated insect repellents are available for sale at camping or sporting goods stores. Apply insect repellent to uncovered skin surfaces when outdoors, especially during the day. When using sunscreen, apply it before insect repellent. Here are a few common chemical solutions effective at repelling mosquitoes:
Repellents containing 30% to 50% DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) are recommended for adults and children over 2 months of age and effective for several hours. Repellents with lower amounts of DEET offer shorter-term protection and must be applied more often.
DEET can irritate skin when applied directly in high concentration or for long periods of time. It can even cause severe skin reactions in certain individuals.
Despite rumors to the contrary, DEET has never been scientifically proven to cause cancer.
Repellents containing up to 15% picaridin, which must be applied often, are available in the US. Repellents with higher concentrations of picaridin may be available in some regions outside the US.
1-2. Consider an all-natural solution.
Experiment with non chemical solutions such as Citronella (natural plant oil). Tea tree oil and vitamin B have reportedly helped some people repel mosquitoes. As with any product, their effectiveness depends on the situation, your own skin chemistry, and the exact type of mosquito you are dealing with. Note, however, that so-called "alternative" solutions sometimes aren't held to the testing standards that mainstream commercial repellents are - research alternative solutions and read testimonials before spending any money.
1-3. Wear loose, long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outdoors.
One of the best ways to keep mosquitoes from biting you is to simply cover your skin. Wear your sleeves and pant legs as long as possible to cover as much skin as possible. Also keep your clothing as loose as possible. This serves two purposes: first, it's much more comfortable in the hot, humid weather where mosquitoes thrive. Second, mosquitoes can sometimes bite through clothing that's held tight against the skin, especially if the fabric is thin.
If you have the money, camping and sporting goods stores often sell specially-designed pants and shirts made out of strong yet lightweight material. These clothes offer maximal protection from mosquito bites along with a relatively high level of comfort.
Clothing may also be sprayed with repellent containing permethrin or another EPA-registered repellent for greater protection. (Remember: don't use permethrin on skin.)
1-4. Don't waste money on an electric hanging bug "zapper."
These have been shown to kill many bugs very effectively but generally the bugs killed are the non-harmful ones. Plus, the noise they generate tends to be obnoxious. Mosquitoes can be more effectively killed by one of the dedicated machines that use heat and carbon dioxide to attract the mosquitoes and then entrap or kill them using nets, containers or chemicals.
1-5. Sleep with a mosquito net over your bed.
The mosquito netting has fine holes big enough to allow breezes to easily pass through but small enough to keep mosquitoes and other biting insects out. Hang the netting over your bed, securing the top of the net to one or more surfaces. Support the net so that it's tented without hanging down onto you. Make sure to sleep without touching the sides - mosquitoes can actually bite you through the netting if it's tight against your skin. Check for holes regularly - patch them with duct tape for a quick fix..
Protect infants less than 2 months of age by using a carrier draped with mosquito netting with an elastic edge for a tight fit.
2. Avoiding Mosquito Habitats
2-1. Avoid parts of the world where mosquitoes are common.
Unfortunately, mosquitoes live on every continent except Antarctica. However, they're generally more common in warmer, wetter areas, which tend to be close to the equator. If you really want to avoid mosquito bites, stay out of tropical climates entirely.
Mosquitoes are especially common in jungles and swamps in Central and South America, South and Southeast Asia, Sub Saharan Africa, and Oceania.
If you're unsure about whether it's safe to travel to a certain part of the world, visit the Center for Disease Control (CDC) Malaria Travel Information website. This site gives a country-by-country breakdown of malaria prevalence, as well as any noted malarial drug resistances.
2-2. Avoid standing water.
Mosquitoes are often attracted to water, especially standing water, so lakes, stagnant creeks, bogs, marshes, and swamps are mosquito havens, especially during hot months. Most species of mosquitoes lay their eggs in stagnant water and some have even adapted to lay their eggs in salt water. Stay away from any bodies of stagnant water, whether they're small puddles or vast swamps, to reduce your risk of encountering mosquitoes.
Many species of mosquito stay fairly close to where they hatch and breed. If you can give these wet, standing areas a wide berth, you'll avoid these species entirely.
2-3. Don't let water stand near your home or campsite.
It's easy to unintentionally create habitats for mosquitoes to live and breed in. For instance, a kiddy pool left out in the summer sun for several days can soon become a hotbed for mosquitoes. Get rid of any standing water around your home or campsite. If you have a pool, cover it when it's not in use and treat the water with chemical additives like chlorine according to the manufacturer's instructions. Change the water in birdbaths often. Here are just a few places water can accumulate:
Discarded tires or industrial containers
Construction ditches or trenches
Pools
Natural low points on a piece of property
Clogged storm drains
2-4. Avoid certain "mosquito" seasons.
In the tropics, differences between seasons are minimal, so mosquitoes are able to thrive in warm weather year-round. In temperate areas, however, mosquitoes are only active during warmer months. In colder periods, mosquitoes hibernate and new adults do not mature past the larval stage. For example, parts of the American Midwest have cold, snowy winters which eliminate mosquitoes entirely, but also have hot, humid summers, which cause mosquito populations to swell. "Mosquito season" varies depending on the locale - generally, it's the hottest and/or most-humid part of the year.
Another seasonal factor which can influence mosquito populations is flooding. Some parts of the world, like Egypt's Nile River, experience periodic flooding. Standing water from the flooding can cause a dramatic boom in mosquito populations.
2-5. Avoid getting too hot.
This advice is especially important if you're in a hot, humid climate. Mosquitoes are thought to be attracted to warm bodies, so staying cool is one way to avoid bites. Dark-colored fabrics absorb more heat from the sun than light-colored alternatives, so avoid them. Also avoid excessive exercise when possible. Not only will exercise cause you to radiate heat, it will also cause you to breathe heavily. Carbon dioxide, one of the gasses you exhale, can be smelled by mosquitoes even at relatively long distances.
3. Eliminating Individual Mosquitoes
3-1. Grab the mosquito out of the air.
Unless you practice this a great deal, you will find it hard to accomplish and the air of your moving hand gives the mosquito plenty of warning, and can even blow it out of your grasp.
3-2. Use a mosquito swatter.
The swatter, usually made of a thicker metal or plastic, is mounted on the end of a springy wire, dramatically increasing your chances of hitting a stationary mosquito by increasing the momentum of the swat. You can also use your hand in a similar flipping motion.
3-3. Use a double-handed clap.
Using two hands is more effective than one, as the air coming from each hand will blow the mosquito into the opposing palm.
3-4. Don't try to trap the mosquito while it bites you.
There's an urban legend that says you flex your muscle or stretch your skin tight as a mosquito bites you, its proboscis will get stuck in your skin and it will drink your blood until it explodes. There isn't any scientific research to support this claim. Even if you can get this method to work, you'll still be left with an especially big bite and you'll still be putting yourself at risk for malaria, West Nile virus, etc. If you're trying to avoid mosquito bites, why kill the mosquito by
3-5. Trap the mosquito in a cup.
If the above steps aren't working or the thought of killing a mosquito makes you feel guilty, you can try catching a mosquito alive, then releasing it outside of your home or camp. Slowly place a cup (preferably made of a hard material) over the mosquito and then slide some paper underneath this cup. This gives you control over the mosquito and can provide you with a more pacifistic approach, instead of just killing the mosquito. Carefully hold the paper over the cup's bottom as you relocate the mosquito to a more appropriate habitat.
Tips
Mosquitoes are attracted to the lactic acid on sweaty skin, so showering regularly can help you avoid bites.
Mosquitoes tend to be attracted to the colour blue, as well as other dark colours.
Try to get netting on your windows so they can't come in.
Warnings
Mosquitoes tend to be most active at dawn and dusk - take extra care during these periods.
If you are going to jungle areas, research malaria prevention.
Always remember DEET is a toxic substance. Use sparingly.
Ultrasonic mosquito devices repel mosquitoes by emitting a high-pitched noise that is supposed to simulate the sound of the dragonfly, the mosquito's natural predator. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preventing Mosquitoes from Biting You\\n1-1. Wear mosquito repellent.\\nA variety of specially-formulated insect repellents are available for sale at camping or sporting goods stores. Apply insect repellent to uncovered skin surfaces when outdoors, especially during the day. When using sunscreen, apply it before insect repellent. Here are a few common chemical solutions effective at repelling mosquitoes:\\nRepellents containing 30% to 50% DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) are recommended for adults and children over 2 months of age and effective for several hours. Repellents with lower amounts of DEET offer shorter-term protection and must be applied more often.\\nDEET can irritate skin when applied directly in high concentration or for long periods of time. It can even cause severe skin reactions in certain individuals.\\nDespite rumors to the contrary, DEET has never been scientifically proven to cause cancer.\\n\\nRepellents containing up to 15% picaridin, which must be applied often, are available in the US. Repellents with higher concentrations of picaridin may be available in some regions outside the US.\\n1-2. Consider an all-natural solution.\\nExperiment with non chemical solutions such as Citronella (natural plant oil). Tea tree oil and vitamin B have reportedly helped some people repel mosquitoes. As with any product, their effectiveness depends on the situation, your own skin chemistry, and the exact type of mosquito you are dealing with. Note, however, that so-called \\\"alternative\\\" solutions sometimes aren't held to the testing standards that mainstream commercial repellents are - research alternative solutions and read testimonials before spending any money.\\n1-3. Wear loose, long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outdoors.\\nOne of the best ways to keep mosquitoes from biting you is to simply cover your skin. Wear your sleeves and pant legs as long as possible to cover as much skin as possible. Also keep your clothing as loose as possible. This serves two purposes: first, it's much more comfortable in the hot, humid weather where mosquitoes thrive. Second, mosquitoes can sometimes bite through clothing that's held tight against the skin, especially if the fabric is thin.\\nIf you have the money, camping and sporting goods stores often sell specially-designed pants and shirts made out of strong yet lightweight material. These clothes offer maximal protection from mosquito bites along with a relatively high level of comfort.\\nClothing may also be sprayed with repellent containing permethrin or another EPA-registered repellent for greater protection. (Remember: don't use permethrin on skin.)\\n1-4. Don't waste money on an electric hanging bug \\\"zapper.\\\"\\nThese have been shown to kill many bugs very effectively but generally the bugs killed are the non-harmful ones. Plus, the noise they generate tends to be obnoxious. Mosquitoes can be more effectively killed by one of the dedicated machines that use heat and carbon dioxide to attract the mosquitoes and then entrap or kill them using nets, containers or chemicals.\\n1-5. Sleep with a mosquito net over your bed.\\nThe mosquito netting has fine holes big enough to allow breezes to easily pass through but small enough to keep mosquitoes and other biting insects out. Hang the netting over your bed, securing the top of the net to one or more surfaces. Support the net so that it's tented without hanging down onto you. Make sure to sleep without touching the sides - mosquitoes can actually bite you through the netting if it's tight against your skin. Check for holes regularly - patch them with duct tape for a quick fix..\\nProtect infants less than 2 months of age by using a carrier draped with mosquito netting with an elastic edge for a tight fit.\\n2. Avoiding Mosquito Habitats\\n2-1. Avoid parts of the world where mosquitoes are common.\\nUnfortunately, mosquitoes live on every continent except Antarctica. However, they're generally more common in warmer, wetter areas, which tend to be close to the equator. If you really want to avoid mosquito bites, stay out of tropical climates entirely.\\nMosquitoes are especially common in jungles and swamps in Central and South America, South and Southeast Asia, Sub Saharan Africa, and Oceania.\\nIf you're unsure about whether it's safe to travel to a certain part of the world, visit the Center for Disease Control (CDC) Malaria Travel Information website. This site gives a country-by-country breakdown of malaria prevalence, as well as any noted malarial drug resistances.\\n2-2. Avoid standing water.\\nMosquitoes are often attracted to water, especially standing water, so lakes, stagnant creeks, bogs, marshes, and swamps are mosquito havens, especially during hot months. Most species of mosquitoes lay their eggs in stagnant water and some have even adapted to lay their eggs in salt water. Stay away from any bodies of stagnant water, whether they're small puddles or vast swamps, to reduce your risk of encountering mosquitoes.\\nMany species of mosquito stay fairly close to where they hatch and breed. If you can give these wet, standing areas a wide berth, you'll avoid these species entirely.\\n2-3. Don't let water stand near your home or campsite.\\nIt's easy to unintentionally create habitats for mosquitoes to live and breed in. For instance, a kiddy pool left out in the summer sun for several days can soon become a hotbed for mosquitoes. Get rid of any standing water around your home or campsite. If you have a pool, cover it when it's not in use and treat the water with chemical additives like chlorine according to the manufacturer's instructions. Change the water in birdbaths often. Here are just a few places water can accumulate:\\nDiscarded tires or industrial containers\\nConstruction ditches or trenches\\nPools\\nNatural low points on a piece of property\\nClogged storm drains\\n2-4. Avoid certain \\\"mosquito\\\" seasons.\\nIn the tropics, differences between seasons are minimal, so mosquitoes are able to thrive in warm weather year-round. In temperate areas, however, mosquitoes are only active during warmer months. In colder periods, mosquitoes hibernate and new adults do not mature past the larval stage. For example, parts of the American Midwest have cold, snowy winters which eliminate mosquitoes entirely, but also have hot, humid summers, which cause mosquito populations to swell. \\\"Mosquito season\\\" varies depending on the locale - generally, it's the hottest and/or most-humid part of the year.\\nAnother seasonal factor which can influence mosquito populations is flooding. Some parts of the world, like Egypt's Nile River, experience periodic flooding. Standing water from the flooding can cause a dramatic boom in mosquito populations.\\n2-5. Avoid getting too hot.\\nThis advice is especially important if you're in a hot, humid climate. Mosquitoes are thought to be attracted to warm bodies, so staying cool is one way to avoid bites. Dark-colored fabrics absorb more heat from the sun than light-colored alternatives, so avoid them. Also avoid excessive exercise when possible. Not only will exercise cause you to radiate heat, it will also cause you to breathe heavily. Carbon dioxide, one of the gasses you exhale, can be smelled by mosquitoes even at relatively long distances.\\n3. Eliminating Individual Mosquitoes\\n3-1. Grab the mosquito out of the air.\\nUnless you practice this a great deal, you will find it hard to accomplish and the air of your moving hand gives the mosquito plenty of warning, and can even blow it out of your grasp.\\n3-2. Use a mosquito swatter.\\nThe swatter, usually made of a thicker metal or plastic, is mounted on the end of a springy wire, dramatically increasing your chances of hitting a stationary mosquito by increasing the momentum of the swat. You can also use your hand in a similar flipping motion.\\n3-3. Use a double-handed clap.\\nUsing two hands is more effective than one, as the air coming from each hand will blow the mosquito into the opposing palm.\\n3-4. Don't try to trap the mosquito while it bites you.\\nThere's an urban legend that says you flex your muscle or stretch your skin tight as a mosquito bites you, its proboscis will get stuck in your skin and it will drink your blood until it explodes. There isn't any scientific research to support this claim. Even if you can get this method to work, you'll still be left with an especially big bite and you'll still be putting yourself at risk for malaria, West Nile virus, etc. If you're trying to avoid mosquito bites, why kill the mosquito by\\n3-5. Trap the mosquito in a cup.\\nIf the above steps aren't working or the thought of killing a mosquito makes you feel guilty, you can try catching a mosquito alive, then releasing it outside of your home or camp. Slowly place a cup (preferably made of a hard material) over the mosquito and then slide some paper underneath this cup. This gives you control over the mosquito and can provide you with a more pacifistic approach, instead of just killing the mosquito. Carefully hold the paper over the cup's bottom as you relocate the mosquito to a more appropriate habitat.\\nTips\\nMosquitoes are attracted to the lactic acid on sweaty skin, so showering regularly can help you avoid bites.\\nMosquitoes tend to be attracted to the colour blue, as well as other dark colours.\\nTry to get netting on your windows so they can't come in.\\nWarnings\\nMosquitoes tend to be most active at dawn and dusk - take extra care during these periods.\\nIf you are going to jungle areas, research malaria prevention.\\nAlways remember DEET is a toxic substance. Use sparingly.\\nUltrasonic mosquito devices repel mosquitoes by emitting a high-pitched noise that is supposed to simulate the sound of the dragonfly, the mosquito's natural predator. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"By many measures, mosquitoes are the most dangerous animals in the world. Conservative estimates hold mosquitoes responsible for hundreds of millions of malaria cases each year. However, mosquitoes also transmit a host of other diseases, including West Nile virus, yellow fever, and dengue fever. There's ample reason to take every possible measure to avoid mosquito bites even without taking into account their terrible, stinging itchiness. For the best chance at thwarting these tiny killers, know where mosquitoes live, how to repel them, and how to kill them.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preventing Mosquitoes from Biting You\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wear mosquito repellent.\", \"描述\": \"A variety of specially-formulated insect repellents are available for sale at camping or sporting goods stores. Apply insect repellent to uncovered skin surfaces when outdoors, especially during the day. When using sunscreen, apply it before insect repellent. Here are a few common chemical solutions effective at repelling mosquitoes:\\nRepellents containing 30% to 50% DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) are recommended for adults and children over 2 months of age and effective for several hours. Repellents with lower amounts of DEET offer shorter-term protection and must be applied more often.\\nDEET can irritate skin when applied directly in high concentration or for long periods of time. It can even cause severe skin reactions in certain individuals.\\nDespite rumors to the contrary, DEET has never been scientifically proven to cause cancer.\\n\\nRepellents containing up to 15% picaridin, which must be applied often, are available in the US. Repellents with higher concentrations of picaridin may be available in some regions outside the US.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider an all-natural solution.\", \"描述\": \"Experiment with non chemical solutions such as Citronella (natural plant oil). Tea tree oil and vitamin B have reportedly helped some people repel mosquitoes. As with any product, their effectiveness depends on the situation, your own skin chemistry, and the exact type of mosquito you are dealing with. Note, however, that so-called \\\"alternative\\\" solutions sometimes aren't held to the testing standards that mainstream commercial repellents are - research alternative solutions and read testimonials before spending any money.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wear loose, long-sleeved shirts and long pants when outdoors.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to keep mosquitoes from biting you is to simply cover your skin. Wear your sleeves and pant legs as long as possible to cover as much skin as possible. Also keep your clothing as loose as possible. This serves two purposes: first, it's much more comfortable in the hot, humid weather where mosquitoes thrive. Second, mosquitoes can sometimes bite through clothing that's held tight against the skin, especially if the fabric is thin.\\nIf you have the money, camping and sporting goods stores often sell specially-designed pants and shirts made out of strong yet lightweight material. These clothes offer maximal protection from mosquito bites along with a relatively high level of comfort.\\nClothing may also be sprayed with repellent containing permethrin or another EPA-registered repellent for greater protection. (Remember: don't use permethrin on skin.)\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't waste money on an electric hanging bug \\\"zapper.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"These have been shown to kill many bugs very effectively but generally the bugs killed are the non-harmful ones. Plus, the noise they generate tends to be obnoxious. Mosquitoes can be more effectively killed by one of the dedicated machines that use heat and carbon dioxide to attract the mosquitoes and then entrap or kill them using nets, containers or chemicals.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Sleep with a mosquito net over your bed.\", \"描述\": \"The mosquito netting has fine holes big enough to allow breezes to easily pass through but small enough to keep mosquitoes and other biting insects out. Hang the netting over your bed, securing the top of the net to one or more surfaces. Support the net so that it's tented without hanging down onto you. Make sure to sleep without touching the sides - mosquitoes can actually bite you through the netting if it's tight against your skin. Check for holes regularly - patch them with duct tape for a quick fix..\\nProtect infants less than 2 months of age by using a carrier draped with mosquito netting with an elastic edge for a tight fit.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Mosquito Habitats\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid parts of the world where mosquitoes are common.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, mosquitoes live on every continent except Antarctica. However, they're generally more common in warmer, wetter areas, which tend to be close to the equator. If you really want to avoid mosquito bites, stay out of tropical climates entirely.\\nMosquitoes are especially common in jungles and swamps in Central and South America, South and Southeast Asia, Sub Saharan Africa, and Oceania.\\nIf you're unsure about whether it's safe to travel to a certain part of the world, visit the Center for Disease Control (CDC) Malaria Travel Information website. This site gives a country-by-country breakdown of malaria prevalence, as well as any noted malarial drug resistances.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid standing water.\", \"描述\": \"Mosquitoes are often attracted to water, especially standing water, so lakes, stagnant creeks, bogs, marshes, and swamps are mosquito havens, especially during hot months. Most species of mosquitoes lay their eggs in stagnant water and some have even adapted to lay their eggs in salt water. Stay away from any bodies of stagnant water, whether they're small puddles or vast swamps, to reduce your risk of encountering mosquitoes.\\nMany species of mosquito stay fairly close to where they hatch and breed. If you can give these wet, standing areas a wide berth, you'll avoid these species entirely.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't let water stand near your home or campsite.\", \"描述\": \"It's easy to unintentionally create habitats for mosquitoes to live and breed in. For instance, a kiddy pool left out in the summer sun for several days can soon become a hotbed for mosquitoes. Get rid of any standing water around your home or campsite. If you have a pool, cover it when it's not in use and treat the water with chemical additives like chlorine according to the manufacturer's instructions. Change the water in birdbaths often. Here are just a few places water can accumulate:\\nDiscarded tires or industrial containers\\nConstruction ditches or trenches\\nPools\\nNatural low points on a piece of property\\nClogged storm drains\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid certain \\\"mosquito\\\" seasons.\", \"描述\": \"In the tropics, differences between seasons are minimal, so mosquitoes are able to thrive in warm weather year-round. In temperate areas, however, mosquitoes are only active during warmer months. In colder periods, mosquitoes hibernate and new adults do not mature past the larval stage. For example, parts of the American Midwest have cold, snowy winters which eliminate mosquitoes entirely, but also have hot, humid summers, which cause mosquito populations to swell. \\\"Mosquito season\\\" varies depending on the locale - generally, it's the hottest and/or most-humid part of the year.\\nAnother seasonal factor which can influence mosquito populations is flooding. Some parts of the world, like Egypt's Nile River, experience periodic flooding. Standing water from the flooding can cause a dramatic boom in mosquito populations.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid getting too hot.\", \"描述\": \"This advice is especially important if you're in a hot, humid climate. Mosquitoes are thought to be attracted to warm bodies, so staying cool is one way to avoid bites. Dark-colored fabrics absorb more heat from the sun than light-colored alternatives, so avoid them. Also avoid excessive exercise when possible. Not only will exercise cause you to radiate heat, it will also cause you to breathe heavily. Carbon dioxide, one of the gasses you exhale, can be smelled by mosquitoes even at relatively long distances.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Eliminating Individual Mosquitoes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Grab the mosquito out of the air.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you practice this a great deal, you will find it hard to accomplish and the air of your moving hand gives the mosquito plenty of warning, and can even blow it out of your grasp.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a mosquito swatter.\", \"描述\": \"The swatter, usually made of a thicker metal or plastic, is mounted on the end of a springy wire, dramatically increasing your chances of hitting a stationary mosquito by increasing the momentum of the swat. You can also use your hand in a similar flipping motion.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a double-handed clap.\", \"描述\": \"Using two hands is more effective than one, as the air coming from each hand will blow the mosquito into the opposing palm.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't try to trap the mosquito while it bites you.\", \"描述\": \"There's an urban legend that says you flex your muscle or stretch your skin tight as a mosquito bites you, its proboscis will get stuck in your skin and it will drink your blood until it explodes. There isn't any scientific research to support this claim. Even if you can get this method to work, you'll still be left with an especially big bite and you'll still be putting yourself at risk for malaria, West Nile virus, etc. If you're trying to avoid mosquito bites, why kill the mosquito by\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Trap the mosquito in a cup.\", \"描述\": \"If the above steps aren't working or the thought of killing a mosquito makes you feel guilty, you can try catching a mosquito alive, then releasing it outside of your home or camp. Slowly place a cup (preferably made of a hard material) over the mosquito and then slide some paper underneath this cup. This gives you control over the mosquito and can provide you with a more pacifistic approach, instead of just killing the mosquito. Carefully hold the paper over the cup's bottom as you relocate the mosquito to a more appropriate habitat.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Mosquitoes are attracted to the lactic acid on sweaty skin, so showering regularly can help you avoid bites.\\n\", \"Mosquitoes tend to be attracted to the colour blue, as well as other dark colours.\\n\", \"Try to get netting on your windows so they can't come in.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Mosquitoes tend to be most active at dawn and dusk - take extra care during these periods.\\n\", \"If you are going to jungle areas, research malaria prevention.\\n\", \"Always remember DEET is a toxic substance. Use sparingly.\\n\", \"Ultrasonic mosquito devices repel mosquitoes by emitting a high-pitched noise that is supposed to simulate the sound of the dragonfly, the mosquito's natural predator. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,128 | How to Avoid Nausea when Reading in the Car | 1. Using Self-Care Techniques
1-1. Look up from reading every few seconds.
When you do, look out at the horizon. Fixating on a stable object on the horizon and looking out the window will help your body to match the visual cues of motion with the physical cues like the vibrations.
Don’t try to focus on vegetation that is whipping by on the side of the road. It will make you more dizzy.
Holding the book up right instead of putting it down in your lap will make it easier to flick your eyes back and forth between the horizon to the book.
If you start to feel ill, you may need to look out the window for a few minutes before you can return to reading.
You can minimize nausea significantly by closing the eye closest to the nearest window. This serves double purpose: To relieve your brain from processing two visual inputs of your reading material at once, and also to eliminate most of the cues of movement from your field of vision. If you have difficulty keeping it closed, cover it with your hand. Using this technique you might be able to read with no major nuisance.
1-2. Minimize the physical sensations of motion while you read.
This will help reduce the mismatch between what your body and your eyes are telling your brain. You can do this by:
Sitting in a more stable part of the car. The back seat is generally more rocky than the front, so you may do best if you sit in the passenger side in the front seat.
Leaning your head against a pillow or the headrest to keep it as still as you can.
Not reading when you leave the highway and start traveling on windy back roads. Your body gets much stronger physical sensations of movement as the car turns and this will make you more prone to nausea.
1-3. Open a window.
The fresh air blowing over your face as you read will help reduce nausea and prevent you from getting too hot. The fresh air may reinvigorate you.
Fully opening the window may make the pages blow around too much, but chances are that even cracking the window a bit will help a lot.
1-4. Relax and don’t stress about it if you start feeling ill.
Getting anxious will make you more prone to nausea. Instead take a break from reading and focus on relaxing. You can use relaxation techniques such as:
Deep breathing
Meditation
Progressively tensing and relaxing each muscle group in your body
Visualizing a calming landscape
Listening to music
Closing your eyes and taking a brief nap
1-5. Eat lightly before and during travel.
While it is enjoyable to snack on rich, junk foods while reading, getting very full can make you more prone to nausea and vomiting. Foods to avoid are:
Greasy, fatty foods
Spicy foods
Alcohol
1-6. Settle your stomach while you read.
These foods are light, easy to digest, and will reduce nausea:
Dry crackers will help absorb some of your stomach acids.
Hard candies, particularly mints. But be sure to suck on them instead of chewing them.
Carbonated beverages. This will settle your stomach and provide electrolytes.
1-7. Wear acupressure bands while you read.
These are cloth bands which are elastic and have a little knob on them. Position them on your wrist so that the knob presses on the inside of your wrist between the two tendons running down the middle of your forearm. Stimulating this acupressure point is thought to prevent nausea.
They should not be so tight that they cause pain or cut off the circulation to your hand.
They have not been scientifically demonstrated to be effective, but some people may find that they help.
1-8. Don’t smoke or ride in a car that smells of smoke.
If you start to feel nauseous you will be more sensitive to irritants like smoke. Being exposed to the smoke may make you more likely to vomit.
Strong air fresheners may also have this effect.
2. Using Home Remedies and Medications
2-1. Try ginger.
Researchers aren't sure exactly what in ginger relieves nausea, but it may be the oils and phenols in it. Ginger has been used for centuries to settle the stomach and combat nausea, though it has not been scientifically proven to be effective for carsickness. Before using it, check with your doctor if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications with which it might interfere. If your doctor says it is ok, you might try:
A tea brewed from fresh ginger. A warm cup of tea is always a cozy addition to reading a good book. This can be quite spicy so be prepared! You can add honey to sweeten it.
Ginger soda. The carbonation may also help settle your stomach.
Ginger cookies or breads
Ginger supplements
2-2. Try taking an over-the-counter antihistamine medication.
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) is commonly used, but meclizine (Antivert) is also available. Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consult your doctor before using them if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications.
These medications causes drowsiness so you may have trouble staying awake while reading.
Do not drive or operate machinery while taking this medication.
Take it a half hour to an hour before you get in the car.
2-3. Ask your doctor for a prescription medication if you plan to read on a long car trip.
When you discuss the medication with your doctor tell him or her if you are pregnant, nursing, or have other health conditions like asthma, glaucoma, urine retention, epilepsy, heart, kidney, or liver problems. If your doctor feels it is appropriate for you, you may get a prescription for a scopolamine or hyoscine adhesive patch (Transderm Scop).
Put the patch behind your ear a few hours before you get in the car.
It should protect you against motion sickness for about 3 days.
This medication may cause drowsiness, blurred vision, and dizziness, so if the side effects are strong, it may interfere with your ability to read. If you will also be driving for part of the trip, do not take this medication.
In some countries, this medication may be available without a prescription. But don’t use it on children or the elderly without first consulting a doctor.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:18",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Self-Care Techniques\\n1-1. Look up from reading every few seconds.\\nWhen you do, look out at the horizon. Fixating on a stable object on the horizon and looking out the window will help your body to match the visual cues of motion with the physical cues like the vibrations.\\nDon’t try to focus on vegetation that is whipping by on the side of the road. It will make you more dizzy.\\nHolding the book up right instead of putting it down in your lap will make it easier to flick your eyes back and forth between the horizon to the book.\\nIf you start to feel ill, you may need to look out the window for a few minutes before you can return to reading.\\nYou can minimize nausea significantly by closing the eye closest to the nearest window. This serves double purpose: To relieve your brain from processing two visual inputs of your reading material at once, and also to eliminate most of the cues of movement from your field of vision. If you have difficulty keeping it closed, cover it with your hand. Using this technique you might be able to read with no major nuisance.\\n1-2. Minimize the physical sensations of motion while you read.\\nThis will help reduce the mismatch between what your body and your eyes are telling your brain. You can do this by:\\nSitting in a more stable part of the car. The back seat is generally more rocky than the front, so you may do best if you sit in the passenger side in the front seat.\\nLeaning your head against a pillow or the headrest to keep it as still as you can.\\nNot reading when you leave the highway and start traveling on windy back roads. Your body gets much stronger physical sensations of movement as the car turns and this will make you more prone to nausea.\\n1-3. Open a window.\\nThe fresh air blowing over your face as you read will help reduce nausea and prevent you from getting too hot. The fresh air may reinvigorate you.\\nFully opening the window may make the pages blow around too much, but chances are that even cracking the window a bit will help a lot.\\n1-4. Relax and don’t stress about it if you start feeling ill.\\nGetting anxious will make you more prone to nausea. Instead take a break from reading and focus on relaxing. You can use relaxation techniques such as: \\nDeep breathing\\nMeditation\\nProgressively tensing and relaxing each muscle group in your body\\nVisualizing a calming landscape\\nListening to music\\nClosing your eyes and taking a brief nap\\n1-5. Eat lightly before and during travel.\\nWhile it is enjoyable to snack on rich, junk foods while reading, getting very full can make you more prone to nausea and vomiting. Foods to avoid are:\\nGreasy, fatty foods\\nSpicy foods\\nAlcohol\\n1-6. Settle your stomach while you read.\\nThese foods are light, easy to digest, and will reduce nausea:\\nDry crackers will help absorb some of your stomach acids.\\nHard candies, particularly mints. But be sure to suck on them instead of chewing them.\\nCarbonated beverages. This will settle your stomach and provide electrolytes.\\n1-7. Wear acupressure bands while you read.\\nThese are cloth bands which are elastic and have a little knob on them. Position them on your wrist so that the knob presses on the inside of your wrist between the two tendons running down the middle of your forearm. Stimulating this acupressure point is thought to prevent nausea.\\nThey should not be so tight that they cause pain or cut off the circulation to your hand.\\nThey have not been scientifically demonstrated to be effective, but some people may find that they help.\\n1-8. Don’t smoke or ride in a car that smells of smoke.\\nIf you start to feel nauseous you will be more sensitive to irritants like smoke. Being exposed to the smoke may make you more likely to vomit.\\nStrong air fresheners may also have this effect.\\n2. Using Home Remedies and Medications\\n2-1. Try ginger.\\nResearchers aren't sure exactly what in ginger relieves nausea, but it may be the oils and phenols in it. Ginger has been used for centuries to settle the stomach and combat nausea, though it has not been scientifically proven to be effective for carsickness. Before using it, check with your doctor if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications with which it might interfere. If your doctor says it is ok, you might try:\\nA tea brewed from fresh ginger. A warm cup of tea is always a cozy addition to reading a good book. This can be quite spicy so be prepared! You can add honey to sweeten it.\\nGinger soda. The carbonation may also help settle your stomach.\\nGinger cookies or breads\\nGinger supplements\\n2-2. Try taking an over-the-counter antihistamine medication.\\nDimenhydrinate (Dramamine) is commonly used, but meclizine (Antivert) is also available. Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consult your doctor before using them if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications.\\nThese medications causes drowsiness so you may have trouble staying awake while reading.\\nDo not drive or operate machinery while taking this medication.\\nTake it a half hour to an hour before you get in the car.\\n2-3. Ask your doctor for a prescription medication if you plan to read on a long car trip.\\nWhen you discuss the medication with your doctor tell him or her if you are pregnant, nursing, or have other health conditions like asthma, glaucoma, urine retention, epilepsy, heart, kidney, or liver problems. If your doctor feels it is appropriate for you, you may get a prescription for a scopolamine or hyoscine adhesive patch (Transderm Scop).\\nPut the patch behind your ear a few hours before you get in the car.\\nIt should protect you against motion sickness for about 3 days.\\nThis medication may cause drowsiness, blurred vision, and dizziness, so if the side effects are strong, it may interfere with your ability to read. If you will also be driving for part of the trip, do not take this medication.\\nIn some countries, this medication may be available without a prescription. But don’t use it on children or the elderly without first consulting a doctor.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Sometimes it’s really hard to put down a good book, even in the car. The problem is that when you are reading, your eyes are signaling to your brain that you are stationary. This conflicts with the signals from your inner ears, muscles, and joints which feel the vibrations of the car. This results in carsickness which can involve nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sweating, salivation, shallow breathing, headaches, and sleepiness. If you really need to read that book, there are some techniques you can use to avoid getting sick.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Self-Care Techniques\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look up from reading every few seconds.\", \"描述\": \"When you do, look out at the horizon. Fixating on a stable object on the horizon and looking out the window will help your body to match the visual cues of motion with the physical cues like the vibrations.\\nDon’t try to focus on vegetation that is whipping by on the side of the road. It will make you more dizzy.\\nHolding the book up right instead of putting it down in your lap will make it easier to flick your eyes back and forth between the horizon to the book.\\nIf you start to feel ill, you may need to look out the window for a few minutes before you can return to reading.\\nYou can minimize nausea significantly by closing the eye closest to the nearest window. This serves double purpose: To relieve your brain from processing two visual inputs of your reading material at once, and also to eliminate most of the cues of movement from your field of vision. If you have difficulty keeping it closed, cover it with your hand. Using this technique you might be able to read with no major nuisance.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Minimize the physical sensations of motion while you read.\", \"描述\": \"This will help reduce the mismatch between what your body and your eyes are telling your brain. You can do this by:\\nSitting in a more stable part of the car. The back seat is generally more rocky than the front, so you may do best if you sit in the passenger side in the front seat.\\nLeaning your head against a pillow or the headrest to keep it as still as you can.\\nNot reading when you leave the highway and start traveling on windy back roads. Your body gets much stronger physical sensations of movement as the car turns and this will make you more prone to nausea.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Open a window.\", \"描述\": \"The fresh air blowing over your face as you read will help reduce nausea and prevent you from getting too hot. The fresh air may reinvigorate you.\\nFully opening the window may make the pages blow around too much, but chances are that even cracking the window a bit will help a lot.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Relax and don’t stress about it if you start feeling ill.\", \"描述\": \"Getting anxious will make you more prone to nausea. Instead take a break from reading and focus on relaxing. You can use relaxation techniques such as: \\nDeep breathing\\nMeditation\\nProgressively tensing and relaxing each muscle group in your body\\nVisualizing a calming landscape\\nListening to music\\nClosing your eyes and taking a brief nap\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Eat lightly before and during travel.\", \"描述\": \"While it is enjoyable to snack on rich, junk foods while reading, getting very full can make you more prone to nausea and vomiting. Foods to avoid are:\\nGreasy, fatty foods\\nSpicy foods\\nAlcohol\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Settle your stomach while you read.\", \"描述\": \"These foods are light, easy to digest, and will reduce nausea:\\nDry crackers will help absorb some of your stomach acids.\\nHard candies, particularly mints. But be sure to suck on them instead of chewing them.\\nCarbonated beverages. This will settle your stomach and provide electrolytes.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Wear acupressure bands while you read.\", \"描述\": \"These are cloth bands which are elastic and have a little knob on them. Position them on your wrist so that the knob presses on the inside of your wrist between the two tendons running down the middle of your forearm. Stimulating this acupressure point is thought to prevent nausea.\\nThey should not be so tight that they cause pain or cut off the circulation to your hand.\\nThey have not been scientifically demonstrated to be effective, but some people may find that they help.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Don’t smoke or ride in a car that smells of smoke.\", \"描述\": \"If you start to feel nauseous you will be more sensitive to irritants like smoke. Being exposed to the smoke may make you more likely to vomit.\\nStrong air fresheners may also have this effect.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Home Remedies and Medications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try ginger.\", \"描述\": \"Researchers aren't sure exactly what in ginger relieves nausea, but it may be the oils and phenols in it. Ginger has been used for centuries to settle the stomach and combat nausea, though it has not been scientifically proven to be effective for carsickness. Before using it, check with your doctor if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications with which it might interfere. If your doctor says it is ok, you might try:\\nA tea brewed from fresh ginger. A warm cup of tea is always a cozy addition to reading a good book. This can be quite spicy so be prepared! You can add honey to sweeten it.\\nGinger soda. The carbonation may also help settle your stomach.\\nGinger cookies or breads\\nGinger supplements\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try taking an over-the-counter antihistamine medication.\", \"描述\": \"Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) is commonly used, but meclizine (Antivert) is also available. Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consult your doctor before using them if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking other medications.\\nThese medications causes drowsiness so you may have trouble staying awake while reading.\\nDo not drive or operate machinery while taking this medication.\\nTake it a half hour to an hour before you get in the car.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask your doctor for a prescription medication if you plan to read on a long car trip.\", \"描述\": \"When you discuss the medication with your doctor tell him or her if you are pregnant, nursing, or have other health conditions like asthma, glaucoma, urine retention, epilepsy, heart, kidney, or liver problems. If your doctor feels it is appropriate for you, you may get a prescription for a scopolamine or hyoscine adhesive patch (Transderm Scop).\\nPut the patch behind your ear a few hours before you get in the car.\\nIt should protect you against motion sickness for about 3 days.\\nThis medication may cause drowsiness, blurred vision, and dizziness, so if the side effects are strong, it may interfere with your ability to read. If you will also be driving for part of the trip, do not take this medication.\\nIn some countries, this medication may be available without a prescription. But don’t use it on children or the elderly without first consulting a doctor.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,129 | How to Avoid Negative Effects of Benzoyl Peroxide | 1. Understanding the General Uses and Complications of Benzoyl Peroxide
1-1. Know the uses of benzoyl peroxide.
Benzoyl peroxide is the active ingredient in many topical acne medications, such as Benzac and Acne 10 Gel, among others. Acne medication containing benzoyl peroxide comes in many different forms, such as gels, bar soaps, lotions and facial washes. Some of these medications are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription.
Make sure you read the active ingredients of the product to know if it contains benzoyl peroxide and what strength.
1-2. Know how benzoyl peroxide works.
Benzoyl peroxide works as an antimicrobial and exfoliative agent, helping to kill bacteria and to increase skin turnover. Benzoyl peroxide also helps to dry excess oil on the face. It also works to reduce inflammation where it is applied.
1-3. Identify the signs of an allergic reaction.
It is known that 1 – 2% of people are allergic to benzoyl peroxide. While most people will experience skin irritation, redness and scaling with the use of benzoyl peroxide, these side effects should subside with time. If you continue to experience redness and scaling even when using very low concentrations applied on alternate days, you may be experiencing an allergic reaction to the drug.
Irritation is extremely common during the first three weeks of use and should improve after four to six weeks.
Other possible signs of an allergic or negative reaction include peeling, sensitivity, and dryness.
If you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction, including a tightness in the throat, shortness of breath, wheezing, low blood pressure, fainting, or collapse, call emergency services immediately.
1-4. Use only as directed.
Whenever you use an over-the-counter product containing benzoyl peroxide, you should use that product in accordance with all of the instructions on the label. If you acquired the medication with a prescription, it is critical that you use benzoyl peroxide products as directed by a medical professional.
1-5. Limit exposure to other products.
In severe cases of acne, it is common to combine using benzoyl peroxide with topical or oral antibiotics as well as tretinoin. It should be noted, however, combining benzoyl peroxide with other irritants, other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide or exposing yourself to excessive sunlight can increase the risk of skin irritation in the area where benzoyl peroxide was applied. Make sure to limit exposure to other irritants so that you can effectively gauge the efficacy of benzoyl peroxide products in treating your acne.
The side effects of combining other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide are similar to those that occur when you are having a genuine allergic reaction.
2. Testing the Product
2-1. Apply benzoyl peroxide to clean skin.
Wash and dry your skin before applying benzoyl peroxide, unless using a benzoyl peroxide facial wash. Make sure your hands are clean before applying and wash your hands immediately afterwards.
2-2. Apply in small doses.
It is very important that you test any products containing benzoyl peroxide in small doses before applying liberally to affected areas. To do this, apply a small amount of the product to areas of your skin that are suffering from acne.
Start with the lowest concentration possible, such as 2 – 5%, to minimize skin irritation.
Take care not to get benzoyl peroxide in your mouth, nose or broken skin. Do not apply it around your eyes or lips. Benzoyl peroxide is designed to be a topical medication, and should not come into contact with mucous membranes, such as the nose, mouth or eyes. Flush the affected area with water if you get benzoyl peroxide in your eyes, mouth, or broken skin.
2-3. Monitor the effects of benzoyl peroxide products.
After applying a small amount of a benzoyl peroxide product to affected area, monitor that area for any signs of an allergic reaction. Note that mild redness, stinging or burning on initial application is expected. Applying this product at night should reduce appearance of redness by the morning. If irritation persists, use every other night.
If you do not experience any negative side effects (sensitivity, excessive dryness, peeling) and see positive results, continue using the benzoyl peroxide product as directed by a doctor or the product’s packaging.
In rare cases, more serious allergic reactions may occur. If you experience excessive swelling and trouble breathing, discontinue use of the product and contact a medical professional immediately.
2-4. Discontinue use.
If you begin to experience allergy symptoms after applying a benzoyl peroxide product, stop using that product immediately. Remember that some irritation is normal at first, but contact your doctor if you have any questions.
2-5. Rinse any leftover product with room temperature water.
Flush the area several times until the product is rinsed thoroughly off of your skin. Avoid splashing any of the water into your eyes, nose or mouth. Don't use soap, as this might further irritate your skin. Do not scrub; rather, gently rinse and rub your skin.
2-6. Pat dry.
Do not rub your skin to dry it, as this can cause further irritation. You may use a towel, but a soft cloth like a clean T-shirt may be more gentle on your skin. Avoid using cotton balls as this may leave fibers on your skin.
2-7. Apply a gentle, all-natural moisturizer.
All-natural moisturizers, in most cases, will prevent further irritation of the skin. A sensitive skin or no-fragrance version is likely to be best, but it is wise to consult a physician. Even products labeled "sensitive skin" or "no fragrance" have the potential to interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Virgin coconut oil is often used as a gentle moisturizer.
2-8. Do not reapply the benzoyl peroxide.
Do not continue using benzoyl peroxide products on irritated skin or on skin that has been moisturized until you consult with your doctor.
3. Limiting Exposure to Skin Irritants
3-1. Do not apply products with other active ingredients.
Skin care products contain a wide variety of active ingredients, many of which have the potential to react negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Because of this, do not apply other skin care products to the areas of skin you treated with benzoyl peroxide to avoid the negative side-effects of mixing skin care products.
Make sure you read the label for the active ingredients in any and all skin care products. Look for products containing peeling agents such as resorcinol, salicylic acid, sulfur, or tretinoin. These should be avoided when using benzoyl peroxide.
Other products that may interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide include: isotretinoin (Accutane), dapsone, lime, hair dyes or removal creams, astringents, shaving creams, or after-shave lotions containing alcohol.
Consult your medical provider about how you could use other products in combination with benzoyl peroxide. Tretinoin is sometimes used in combination with benzoyl peroxide to treat severe acne and your doctor can instruct you on how to use both products while minimizing interactions.
3-2. Avoid “doubling up” on benzoyl peroxide products.
In addition to avoiding skin care products that contain alternative active ingredients to benzoyl peroxide, you also must avoid the use of other products containing benzoyl peroxide. Using multiple medications that contain benzoyl peroxide can cause your skin to react negatively simply because you have applied too much benzoyl peroxide to an affected area.
3-3. Limit sun exposure.
Stay out of the sun as much as possible and always wear a broad-spectrum sunblock with a minimum SPF 30. Wear a wide-brimmed hat to further protect your skin. Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps. If you get a sunburn, you should not use benzoyl peroxide unless directed by your doctor.
Using sunblock may prevent the darkening of your skin where you have applied benzoyl peroxide.
4. Consulting a Medical Professional
4-1. Talk with your doctor or nurse practitioner about whether benzoyl peroxide is right for you.
The type of acne you have will determine the type of treatment. Ask your doctor about the benefits, risks, and potential side effects of using benzoyl peroxide. Write a list of any alternative therapies you have questions about and take it with you to your doctor's visit.
4-2. Discuss any medications you may be on.
Any other medications you are taking (including supplements, vitamins, and over-the-counter products) could cause a drug interaction. Other things you may want to discuss with your doctor include:
Other creams (prescription or over-the-counter) that you are using
The different forms of this medication (lotion, facial wash, etc.) and which one might work best for you
The different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide and whether starting with the lowest possible dose (to minimize the possibility of irritation) is right for you
4-3. Tell your doctor of any pre-existing skin conditions you may have.
This can include eczema, dermatitis, broken/bleeding skin, or any other irritation. Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication only and any broken skin or open wounds would allow it to enter your body. Benzoyl peroxide may also make conditions such as eczema worse.
4-4. Inform your doctor if you have had a previous allergic reaction to benzoyl peroxide.
If you have had an allergic reaction or severe irritation with benzoyl peroxide products in the past, you should avoid using benzoyl peroxide. There are several other acne medications and therapies that you could use, however, so don't lose hope. Talk with your doctor about the alternatives.
4-5. Ask your doctor about possible interactions.
Benzoyl peroxide may interact with lotions, makeup, facial washes, perfume, or any other agents that may come in contact with your skin. Ask your doctor before you use products like shaving cream or astringents, as they may make irritation from benzoyl peroxide therapy worse.
4-6. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you plan to become pregnant or breastfeed.
It is not clear if benzoyl peroxide would be unsafe for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding, which is why it is important to ask your doctor. Be sure to consult with your OBGYN as well.
4-7. Communicate with your doctor or nurse practitioner while using the product.
You might need to adjust the dosage or discontinue using the product if you have severe side effects or if the treatment seems ineffective. While the information in this article is written to help you make informed decisions about benzoyl peroxide therapy and to help you minimize the possibility of irritation, it does not substitute for medical advice.
5. Finding Alternative Treatments
5-1. Know what options you have.
Benzoyl peroxide is one of many acne treatments. Benzoyl peroxide is used for mild to moderate acne. Other acne treatments can be suggested or prescribed by a doctor (usually a dermatologist) and include:
Salicylic acid, clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and tetracycline.
Topical medications such as retinoids (such as Retin-A) or Dapsone
Topical or oral antibiotics
Medications to control hormones, such as oral contraceptives (for women) or anti-androgen agent (for men)
Isotretinoin (usually for the most severe cases of acne)
5-2. Investigate alternative therapies.
Not all acne treatments take the form of oral or topical medications. You may wish to look into other treatments performed by dermatologists. These treatments include light therapy, laser treatments, chemical peels, whitehead and blackhead extraction and steroid injections.
5-3. Reduce stress
Though it is not entirely understood, there is a known connection between stress, cortisol, and increased acne. Learn positive ways to cop with stress, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time in nature. Make stress reduction part of your routine.
5-4. Adjust your diet.
Though dermatologists debate the connection between diet and acne, some researchers have found that modifying your diet (adopting a low-glycemic diet, specifically) can be beneficial.
5-5. Use natural supplements.
Some products, such as zinc, aloe vera, tea tree oil, though often disputed by dermatologists, have been tried as alternative, or additional, therapy to traditional acne treatments.
5-6. Investigate combined treatments.
For moderate to severe acne, most dermatologists recommend a combination of treatments that pair topical medications with oral medications.
Tips
Do not allow benzoyl peroxide to come into contact with hair or colored fabrics. Benzoyl peroxide will bleach hair and colored fabrics.[50]
X
Research source
Allowing the preparation to completely dry before coming in contact with fabrics can minimize the problem.
Ensure that benzoyl peroxide products are properly stored. Keep benzoyl peroxide products in their original packaging and avoid storing them in extreme cold or heat.[51]
X
Research source
Do not allow children or animals to access benzoyl peroxide products and dispose of them in a responsible manner.[52]
X
Research source
Warnings
Do not use benzoyl peroxide products if you are nursing or pregnant.[53]
X
Research source
Never share benzoyl peroxide products with others, as they may have severe allergic reactions to the product.[54]
X
Research source
Use benzoyl peroxide products only as recommended on the packaging or as prescribed by a doctor or dermatologist.[55]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Understanding the General Uses and Complications of Benzoyl Peroxide\\n1-1. Know the uses of benzoyl peroxide.\\nBenzoyl peroxide is the active ingredient in many topical acne medications, such as Benzac and Acne 10 Gel, among others. Acne medication containing benzoyl peroxide comes in many different forms, such as gels, bar soaps, lotions and facial washes. Some of these medications are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription.\\nMake sure you read the active ingredients of the product to know if it contains benzoyl peroxide and what strength.\\n1-2. Know how benzoyl peroxide works.\\nBenzoyl peroxide works as an antimicrobial and exfoliative agent, helping to kill bacteria and to increase skin turnover. Benzoyl peroxide also helps to dry excess oil on the face. It also works to reduce inflammation where it is applied.\\n1-3. Identify the signs of an allergic reaction.\\nIt is known that 1 – 2% of people are allergic to benzoyl peroxide. While most people will experience skin irritation, redness and scaling with the use of benzoyl peroxide, these side effects should subside with time. If you continue to experience redness and scaling even when using very low concentrations applied on alternate days, you may be experiencing an allergic reaction to the drug.\\nIrritation is extremely common during the first three weeks of use and should improve after four to six weeks.\\nOther possible signs of an allergic or negative reaction include peeling, sensitivity, and dryness.\\nIf you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction, including a tightness in the throat, shortness of breath, wheezing, low blood pressure, fainting, or collapse, call emergency services immediately.\\n1-4. Use only as directed.\\nWhenever you use an over-the-counter product containing benzoyl peroxide, you should use that product in accordance with all of the instructions on the label. If you acquired the medication with a prescription, it is critical that you use benzoyl peroxide products as directed by a medical professional.\\n1-5. Limit exposure to other products.\\nIn severe cases of acne, it is common to combine using benzoyl peroxide with topical or oral antibiotics as well as tretinoin. It should be noted, however, combining benzoyl peroxide with other irritants, other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide or exposing yourself to excessive sunlight can increase the risk of skin irritation in the area where benzoyl peroxide was applied. Make sure to limit exposure to other irritants so that you can effectively gauge the efficacy of benzoyl peroxide products in treating your acne.\\nThe side effects of combining other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide are similar to those that occur when you are having a genuine allergic reaction.\\n2. Testing the Product\\n2-1. Apply benzoyl peroxide to clean skin.\\nWash and dry your skin before applying benzoyl peroxide, unless using a benzoyl peroxide facial wash. Make sure your hands are clean before applying and wash your hands immediately afterwards.\\n2-2. Apply in small doses.\\nIt is very important that you test any products containing benzoyl peroxide in small doses before applying liberally to affected areas. To do this, apply a small amount of the product to areas of your skin that are suffering from acne.\\nStart with the lowest concentration possible, such as 2 – 5%, to minimize skin irritation.\\nTake care not to get benzoyl peroxide in your mouth, nose or broken skin. Do not apply it around your eyes or lips. Benzoyl peroxide is designed to be a topical medication, and should not come into contact with mucous membranes, such as the nose, mouth or eyes. Flush the affected area with water if you get benzoyl peroxide in your eyes, mouth, or broken skin.\\n2-3. Monitor the effects of benzoyl peroxide products.\\nAfter applying a small amount of a benzoyl peroxide product to affected area, monitor that area for any signs of an allergic reaction. Note that mild redness, stinging or burning on initial application is expected. Applying this product at night should reduce appearance of redness by the morning. If irritation persists, use every other night.\\nIf you do not experience any negative side effects (sensitivity, excessive dryness, peeling) and see positive results, continue using the benzoyl peroxide product as directed by a doctor or the product’s packaging.\\nIn rare cases, more serious allergic reactions may occur. If you experience excessive swelling and trouble breathing, discontinue use of the product and contact a medical professional immediately.\\n2-4. Discontinue use.\\nIf you begin to experience allergy symptoms after applying a benzoyl peroxide product, stop using that product immediately. Remember that some irritation is normal at first, but contact your doctor if you have any questions.\\n2-5. Rinse any leftover product with room temperature water.\\nFlush the area several times until the product is rinsed thoroughly off of your skin. Avoid splashing any of the water into your eyes, nose or mouth. Don't use soap, as this might further irritate your skin. Do not scrub; rather, gently rinse and rub your skin.\\n2-6. Pat dry.\\nDo not rub your skin to dry it, as this can cause further irritation. You may use a towel, but a soft cloth like a clean T-shirt may be more gentle on your skin. Avoid using cotton balls as this may leave fibers on your skin.\\n2-7. Apply a gentle, all-natural moisturizer.\\nAll-natural moisturizers, in most cases, will prevent further irritation of the skin. A sensitive skin or no-fragrance version is likely to be best, but it is wise to consult a physician. Even products labeled \\\"sensitive skin\\\" or \\\"no fragrance\\\" have the potential to interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Virgin coconut oil is often used as a gentle moisturizer.\\n2-8. Do not reapply the benzoyl peroxide.\\nDo not continue using benzoyl peroxide products on irritated skin or on skin that has been moisturized until you consult with your doctor.\\n3. Limiting Exposure to Skin Irritants\\n3-1. Do not apply products with other active ingredients.\\nSkin care products contain a wide variety of active ingredients, many of which have the potential to react negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Because of this, do not apply other skin care products to the areas of skin you treated with benzoyl peroxide to avoid the negative side-effects of mixing skin care products.\\nMake sure you read the label for the active ingredients in any and all skin care products. Look for products containing peeling agents such as resorcinol, salicylic acid, sulfur, or tretinoin. These should be avoided when using benzoyl peroxide.\\nOther products that may interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide include: isotretinoin (Accutane), dapsone, lime, hair dyes or removal creams, astringents, shaving creams, or after-shave lotions containing alcohol.\\nConsult your medical provider about how you could use other products in combination with benzoyl peroxide. Tretinoin is sometimes used in combination with benzoyl peroxide to treat severe acne and your doctor can instruct you on how to use both products while minimizing interactions.\\n3-2. Avoid “doubling up” on benzoyl peroxide products.\\nIn addition to avoiding skin care products that contain alternative active ingredients to benzoyl peroxide, you also must avoid the use of other products containing benzoyl peroxide. Using multiple medications that contain benzoyl peroxide can cause your skin to react negatively simply because you have applied too much benzoyl peroxide to an affected area.\\n3-3. Limit sun exposure.\\nStay out of the sun as much as possible and always wear a broad-spectrum sunblock with a minimum SPF 30. Wear a wide-brimmed hat to further protect your skin. Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps. If you get a sunburn, you should not use benzoyl peroxide unless directed by your doctor. \\nUsing sunblock may prevent the darkening of your skin where you have applied benzoyl peroxide.\\n4. Consulting a Medical Professional\\n4-1. Talk with your doctor or nurse practitioner about whether benzoyl peroxide is right for you.\\nThe type of acne you have will determine the type of treatment. Ask your doctor about the benefits, risks, and potential side effects of using benzoyl peroxide. Write a list of any alternative therapies you have questions about and take it with you to your doctor's visit.\\n4-2. Discuss any medications you may be on.\\nAny other medications you are taking (including supplements, vitamins, and over-the-counter products) could cause a drug interaction. Other things you may want to discuss with your doctor include:\\nOther creams (prescription or over-the-counter) that you are using\\nThe different forms of this medication (lotion, facial wash, etc.) and which one might work best for you\\nThe different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide and whether starting with the lowest possible dose (to minimize the possibility of irritation) is right for you\\n4-3. Tell your doctor of any pre-existing skin conditions you may have.\\nThis can include eczema, dermatitis, broken/bleeding skin, or any other irritation. Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication only and any broken skin or open wounds would allow it to enter your body. Benzoyl peroxide may also make conditions such as eczema worse.\\n4-4. Inform your doctor if you have had a previous allergic reaction to benzoyl peroxide.\\nIf you have had an allergic reaction or severe irritation with benzoyl peroxide products in the past, you should avoid using benzoyl peroxide. There are several other acne medications and therapies that you could use, however, so don't lose hope. Talk with your doctor about the alternatives.\\n4-5. Ask your doctor about possible interactions.\\nBenzoyl peroxide may interact with lotions, makeup, facial washes, perfume, or any other agents that may come in contact with your skin. Ask your doctor before you use products like shaving cream or astringents, as they may make irritation from benzoyl peroxide therapy worse.\\n4-6. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you plan to become pregnant or breastfeed.\\nIt is not clear if benzoyl peroxide would be unsafe for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding, which is why it is important to ask your doctor. Be sure to consult with your OBGYN as well.\\n4-7. Communicate with your doctor or nurse practitioner while using the product.\\nYou might need to adjust the dosage or discontinue using the product if you have severe side effects or if the treatment seems ineffective. While the information in this article is written to help you make informed decisions about benzoyl peroxide therapy and to help you minimize the possibility of irritation, it does not substitute for medical advice.\\n5. Finding Alternative Treatments\\n5-1. Know what options you have.\\nBenzoyl peroxide is one of many acne treatments. Benzoyl peroxide is used for mild to moderate acne. Other acne treatments can be suggested or prescribed by a doctor (usually a dermatologist) and include:\\nSalicylic acid, clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and tetracycline.\\nTopical medications such as retinoids (such as Retin-A) or Dapsone\\nTopical or oral antibiotics\\nMedications to control hormones, such as oral contraceptives (for women) or anti-androgen agent (for men)\\nIsotretinoin (usually for the most severe cases of acne)\\n5-2. Investigate alternative therapies.\\nNot all acne treatments take the form of oral or topical medications. You may wish to look into other treatments performed by dermatologists. These treatments include light therapy, laser treatments, chemical peels, whitehead and blackhead extraction and steroid injections.\\n5-3. Reduce stress\\nThough it is not entirely understood, there is a known connection between stress, cortisol, and increased acne. Learn positive ways to cop with stress, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time in nature. Make stress reduction part of your routine.\\n5-4. Adjust your diet.\\nThough dermatologists debate the connection between diet and acne, some researchers have found that modifying your diet (adopting a low-glycemic diet, specifically) can be beneficial.\\n5-5. Use natural supplements.\\nSome products, such as zinc, aloe vera, tea tree oil, though often disputed by dermatologists, have been tried as alternative, or additional, therapy to traditional acne treatments.\\n5-6. Investigate combined treatments.\\nFor moderate to severe acne, most dermatologists recommend a combination of treatments that pair topical medications with oral medications.\\nTips\\nDo not allow benzoyl peroxide to come into contact with hair or colored fabrics. Benzoyl peroxide will bleach hair and colored fabrics.[50]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Allowing the preparation to completely dry before coming in contact with fabrics can minimize the problem.\\nEnsure that benzoyl peroxide products are properly stored. Keep benzoyl peroxide products in their original packaging and avoid storing them in extreme cold or heat.[51]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDo not allow children or animals to access benzoyl peroxide products and dispose of them in a responsible manner.[52]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nDo not use benzoyl peroxide products if you are nursing or pregnant.[53]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nNever share benzoyl peroxide products with others, as they may have severe allergic reactions to the product.[54]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nUse benzoyl peroxide products only as recommended on the packaging or as prescribed by a doctor or dermatologist.[55]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Benzoyl peroxide is the active ingredient in many topical acne treatments, both over-the-counter and by prescription. By understanding how benzoyl peroxide works, you can decide whether or not it is the right medication for you, and minimize and treat any irritation that occurs as a result of using medications that contain benzoyl peroxide.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understanding the General Uses and Complications of Benzoyl Peroxide\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know the uses of benzoyl peroxide.\", \"描述\": \"Benzoyl peroxide is the active ingredient in many topical acne medications, such as Benzac and Acne 10 Gel, among others. Acne medication containing benzoyl peroxide comes in many different forms, such as gels, bar soaps, lotions and facial washes. Some of these medications are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription.\\nMake sure you read the active ingredients of the product to know if it contains benzoyl peroxide and what strength.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know how benzoyl peroxide works.\", \"描述\": \"Benzoyl peroxide works as an antimicrobial and exfoliative agent, helping to kill bacteria and to increase skin turnover. Benzoyl peroxide also helps to dry excess oil on the face. It also works to reduce inflammation where it is applied.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Identify the signs of an allergic reaction.\", \"描述\": \"It is known that 1 – 2% of people are allergic to benzoyl peroxide. While most people will experience skin irritation, redness and scaling with the use of benzoyl peroxide, these side effects should subside with time. If you continue to experience redness and scaling even when using very low concentrations applied on alternate days, you may be experiencing an allergic reaction to the drug.\\nIrritation is extremely common during the first three weeks of use and should improve after four to six weeks.\\nOther possible signs of an allergic or negative reaction include peeling, sensitivity, and dryness.\\nIf you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction, including a tightness in the throat, shortness of breath, wheezing, low blood pressure, fainting, or collapse, call emergency services immediately.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use only as directed.\", \"描述\": \"Whenever you use an over-the-counter product containing benzoyl peroxide, you should use that product in accordance with all of the instructions on the label. If you acquired the medication with a prescription, it is critical that you use benzoyl peroxide products as directed by a medical professional.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Limit exposure to other products.\", \"描述\": \"In severe cases of acne, it is common to combine using benzoyl peroxide with topical or oral antibiotics as well as tretinoin. It should be noted, however, combining benzoyl peroxide with other irritants, other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide or exposing yourself to excessive sunlight can increase the risk of skin irritation in the area where benzoyl peroxide was applied. Make sure to limit exposure to other irritants so that you can effectively gauge the efficacy of benzoyl peroxide products in treating your acne.\\nThe side effects of combining other skin care products with benzoyl peroxide are similar to those that occur when you are having a genuine allergic reaction.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Testing the Product\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply benzoyl peroxide to clean skin.\", \"描述\": \"Wash and dry your skin before applying benzoyl peroxide, unless using a benzoyl peroxide facial wash. Make sure your hands are clean before applying and wash your hands immediately afterwards.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply in small doses.\", \"描述\": \"It is very important that you test any products containing benzoyl peroxide in small doses before applying liberally to affected areas. To do this, apply a small amount of the product to areas of your skin that are suffering from acne.\\nStart with the lowest concentration possible, such as 2 – 5%, to minimize skin irritation.\\nTake care not to get benzoyl peroxide in your mouth, nose or broken skin. Do not apply it around your eyes or lips. Benzoyl peroxide is designed to be a topical medication, and should not come into contact with mucous membranes, such as the nose, mouth or eyes. Flush the affected area with water if you get benzoyl peroxide in your eyes, mouth, or broken skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Monitor the effects of benzoyl peroxide products.\", \"描述\": \"After applying a small amount of a benzoyl peroxide product to affected area, monitor that area for any signs of an allergic reaction. Note that mild redness, stinging or burning on initial application is expected. Applying this product at night should reduce appearance of redness by the morning. If irritation persists, use every other night.\\nIf you do not experience any negative side effects (sensitivity, excessive dryness, peeling) and see positive results, continue using the benzoyl peroxide product as directed by a doctor or the product’s packaging.\\nIn rare cases, more serious allergic reactions may occur. If you experience excessive swelling and trouble breathing, discontinue use of the product and contact a medical professional immediately.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Discontinue use.\", \"描述\": \"If you begin to experience allergy symptoms after applying a benzoyl peroxide product, stop using that product immediately. Remember that some irritation is normal at first, but contact your doctor if you have any questions.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Rinse any leftover product with room temperature water.\", \"描述\": \"Flush the area several times until the product is rinsed thoroughly off of your skin. Avoid splashing any of the water into your eyes, nose or mouth. Don't use soap, as this might further irritate your skin. Do not scrub; rather, gently rinse and rub your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pat dry.\", \"描述\": \"Do not rub your skin to dry it, as this can cause further irritation. You may use a towel, but a soft cloth like a clean T-shirt may be more gentle on your skin. Avoid using cotton balls as this may leave fibers on your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Apply a gentle, all-natural moisturizer.\", \"描述\": \"All-natural moisturizers, in most cases, will prevent further irritation of the skin. A sensitive skin or no-fragrance version is likely to be best, but it is wise to consult a physician. Even products labeled \\\"sensitive skin\\\" or \\\"no fragrance\\\" have the potential to interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Virgin coconut oil is often used as a gentle moisturizer.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Do not reapply the benzoyl peroxide.\", \"描述\": \"Do not continue using benzoyl peroxide products on irritated skin or on skin that has been moisturized until you consult with your doctor.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Limiting Exposure to Skin Irritants\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do not apply products with other active ingredients.\", \"描述\": \"Skin care products contain a wide variety of active ingredients, many of which have the potential to react negatively with benzoyl peroxide. Because of this, do not apply other skin care products to the areas of skin you treated with benzoyl peroxide to avoid the negative side-effects of mixing skin care products.\\nMake sure you read the label for the active ingredients in any and all skin care products. Look for products containing peeling agents such as resorcinol, salicylic acid, sulfur, or tretinoin. These should be avoided when using benzoyl peroxide.\\nOther products that may interact negatively with benzoyl peroxide include: isotretinoin (Accutane), dapsone, lime, hair dyes or removal creams, astringents, shaving creams, or after-shave lotions containing alcohol.\\nConsult your medical provider about how you could use other products in combination with benzoyl peroxide. Tretinoin is sometimes used in combination with benzoyl peroxide to treat severe acne and your doctor can instruct you on how to use both products while minimizing interactions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid “doubling up” on benzoyl peroxide products.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to avoiding skin care products that contain alternative active ingredients to benzoyl peroxide, you also must avoid the use of other products containing benzoyl peroxide. Using multiple medications that contain benzoyl peroxide can cause your skin to react negatively simply because you have applied too much benzoyl peroxide to an affected area.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Limit sun exposure.\", \"描述\": \"Stay out of the sun as much as possible and always wear a broad-spectrum sunblock with a minimum SPF 30. Wear a wide-brimmed hat to further protect your skin. Avoid tanning beds and sunlamps. If you get a sunburn, you should not use benzoyl peroxide unless directed by your doctor. \\nUsing sunblock may prevent the darkening of your skin where you have applied benzoyl peroxide.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consulting a Medical Professional\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk with your doctor or nurse practitioner about whether benzoyl peroxide is right for you.\", \"描述\": \"The type of acne you have will determine the type of treatment. Ask your doctor about the benefits, risks, and potential side effects of using benzoyl peroxide. Write a list of any alternative therapies you have questions about and take it with you to your doctor's visit.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Discuss any medications you may be on.\", \"描述\": \"Any other medications you are taking (including supplements, vitamins, and over-the-counter products) could cause a drug interaction. Other things you may want to discuss with your doctor include:\\nOther creams (prescription or over-the-counter) that you are using\\nThe different forms of this medication (lotion, facial wash, etc.) and which one might work best for you\\nThe different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide and whether starting with the lowest possible dose (to minimize the possibility of irritation) is right for you\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tell your doctor of any pre-existing skin conditions you may have.\", \"描述\": \"This can include eczema, dermatitis, broken/bleeding skin, or any other irritation. Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medication only and any broken skin or open wounds would allow it to enter your body. Benzoyl peroxide may also make conditions such as eczema worse.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Inform your doctor if you have had a previous allergic reaction to benzoyl peroxide.\", \"描述\": \"If you have had an allergic reaction or severe irritation with benzoyl peroxide products in the past, you should avoid using benzoyl peroxide. There are several other acne medications and therapies that you could use, however, so don't lose hope. Talk with your doctor about the alternatives.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Ask your doctor about possible interactions.\", \"描述\": \"Benzoyl peroxide may interact with lotions, makeup, facial washes, perfume, or any other agents that may come in contact with your skin. Ask your doctor before you use products like shaving cream or astringents, as they may make irritation from benzoyl peroxide therapy worse.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you plan to become pregnant or breastfeed.\", \"描述\": \"It is not clear if benzoyl peroxide would be unsafe for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding, which is why it is important to ask your doctor. Be sure to consult with your OBGYN as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Communicate with your doctor or nurse practitioner while using the product.\", \"描述\": \"You might need to adjust the dosage or discontinue using the product if you have severe side effects or if the treatment seems ineffective. While the information in this article is written to help you make informed decisions about benzoyl peroxide therapy and to help you minimize the possibility of irritation, it does not substitute for medical advice.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Finding Alternative Treatments\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know what options you have.\", \"描述\": \"Benzoyl peroxide is one of many acne treatments. Benzoyl peroxide is used for mild to moderate acne. Other acne treatments can be suggested or prescribed by a doctor (usually a dermatologist) and include:\\nSalicylic acid, clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and tetracycline.\\nTopical medications such as retinoids (such as Retin-A) or Dapsone\\nTopical or oral antibiotics\\nMedications to control hormones, such as oral contraceptives (for women) or anti-androgen agent (for men)\\nIsotretinoin (usually for the most severe cases of acne)\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Investigate alternative therapies.\", \"描述\": \"Not all acne treatments take the form of oral or topical medications. You may wish to look into other treatments performed by dermatologists. These treatments include light therapy, laser treatments, chemical peels, whitehead and blackhead extraction and steroid injections.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Reduce stress\", \"描述\": \"Though it is not entirely understood, there is a known connection between stress, cortisol, and increased acne. Learn positive ways to cop with stress, such as exercise, meditation, or spending time in nature. Make stress reduction part of your routine.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adjust your diet.\", \"描述\": \"Though dermatologists debate the connection between diet and acne, some researchers have found that modifying your diet (adopting a low-glycemic diet, specifically) can be beneficial.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use natural supplements.\", \"描述\": \"Some products, such as zinc, aloe vera, tea tree oil, though often disputed by dermatologists, have been tried as alternative, or additional, therapy to traditional acne treatments.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Investigate combined treatments.\", \"描述\": \"For moderate to severe acne, most dermatologists recommend a combination of treatments that pair topical medications with oral medications.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Do not allow benzoyl peroxide to come into contact with hair or colored fabrics. Benzoyl peroxide will bleach hair and colored fabrics.[50]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Allowing the preparation to completely dry before coming in contact with fabrics can minimize the problem.\\n\", \"Ensure that benzoyl peroxide products are properly stored. Keep benzoyl peroxide products in their original packaging and avoid storing them in extreme cold or heat.[51]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Do not allow children or animals to access benzoyl peroxide products and dispose of them in a responsible manner.[52]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not use benzoyl peroxide products if you are nursing or pregnant.[53]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Never share benzoyl peroxide products with others, as they may have severe allergic reactions to the product.[54]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Use benzoyl peroxide products only as recommended on the packaging or as prescribed by a doctor or dermatologist.[55]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,130 | How to Avoid Negative People | 1. Giving Them Space
1-1. Walk away.
If you see the person coming, turn around and walk in the other direction. Cross the street, or duck into a shop. If you're lucky, the person you're avoiding won't have seen your maneuver.
If you notice them, keep turning your gaze as if you didn't see anything that caught your eye. That way, if they approach you, you can say that you didn't see them.
If you know their routine, consider avoiding the places where they tend to hang out, or go at a time when the person is unlikely to be there.
1-2. Stay busy.
To avoid someone, make sure you're never available for conversation. Keep your phone handy, so you can pretend to be completely engaged in it if the person you're trying to avoid shows up unexpectedly.
Making eye contact invites communication, so if you accidentally encounter the negative person, try to avoid looking them in the eye. Instead, pretend to be busy looking elsewhere.
If you know anyone else in the vicinity, get involved in a conversation. When the negative person sees you engaged in a conversation with another person, she's unlikely to interrupt with her negative remarks.
If they approach you, try saying "Oh, hi! I was just going to ____. Where are you headed?" After they say where they're going, say "Well, I won't keep you. See you later!"
1-3. Surround yourself with people who lift you up.
While nobody is positive 100% of the time, look for people who typically help you feel good about yourself and the world around you. Choose to focus on these people.
Limit your responses to negative topics to neutral ones, such as, "I see," or "Okay." When someone gives a positive response, react with enthusiasm.
When negative subjects arise, it's okay to change the subject.
1-4. Hang out in groups.
If you can, make sure that there are other people around when you're with the negative person. More people will help disperse her negative energy, and help you keep perspective.
If the group energy is mostly positive, then you'll be less effected by the negative energy coming from the person you're trying to avoid.
The negative person may behave differently in a group setting.
1-5. Refuse to get involved in an argument.
Arguments only strengthen the social ties between yourself and the negative person. If you're trying to avoid the person, you should let them know that you're done with the conversation, and simply walk away.
If they say something rude or offensive, respond with an "Okay then" or "Huh. Anyway..." with a subject change.
Don't debate your decision to avoid the person. This isn't a choice that needs to be made together.
Don't defend yourself from attack. Arguing gives them a foothold into your life. Instead, shrug it off and act indifferent. If they persist, say something like "If you call me names again, I'm leaving."
1-6. Block the person on social media.
If you're serious about avoiding the negative person in your life, don't engage with them on social media. Allowing someone to post on your Facebook wall, or take over a conversational thread, only furthers their hold on your life.
Be prepared for the person to react negatively to being cut from your social media feed.
You may need to block the person from contacting you by email as well.
If the person doesn't respect your boundaries, and continues to try to contact you after repeated blocks and lack of response on your part, you may need to seek additional help.
1-7. Remember that you don't owe them an explanation.
Deciding what your boundaries are, who you are going to spend time with, and who you choose to avoid, are all personal decisions that each individual has the right to make for herself. You don't have to explain your decision to anyone unless you feel like it.
If you want to explain it, consider a brief note or in-person notice. It's best to keep it short.
A longer explanation can quickly become a debate about whether or not you're right, when all you really need to do is tell them calmly that you've decided to end the friendship.
2. Learning to Handle Negativity
2-1. Consider hearing them out and being there for them.
Reflect on a time when you were struggling with something difficult and how that made you feel. This person may be going through a rough time and simply be in need of someone to listen to them. Try showing some empathy and validating their feelings before rushing to judgment.
For example, perhaps the person just got out of a long-term relationship and is feeling hopeless about their prospects for finding a loving partner. They might really appreciate you saying something like, “I have noticed you have been having a hard time lately. Do you want to talk about it?”
2-2. Understand the reason for the person's negativity.
Recognizing why they're being so negative can help you deal with them better. Usually negativity comes from one of 3 basic fears: the fear of being disrespected, the fear of not being loved, and the fear that something bad is going to happen.
See if you can provide reassurance about the fear that the person is dealing with.
Try addressing the area of concern rather than the specific complaint. For example, if your negative friend is complaining about the way her boss treats her, she might be concerned about her financial security (if she loses her job) and her pride or self-esteem (if she's being treated negatively). Rather than engage in complaints about her boss, focus on the economic upturn in your local economy, or that her job has a lot of room for growth.
2-3. Keep it light.
Some people find it hard to talk about certain topics without quickly becoming negative. If you're trying to avoid negative people, stay away from those topics that are likely to deteriorate into complaints and self-pity. If a topic like this comes up, quickly steer the conversation into lighter ground.
Try talking about the latest movie you've seen, happy news, or your hobbies might help your friend be more positive.
Have compassion for yourself through this process. If you don't allow yourself to become derailed by self-judgment, you'll be more able to successfully navigate your friendship.
2-4. Find common ground.
If you realize that your friend is just offering their perspective, or not being intentionally manipulative, it may be easier for you to find the common ground in what they've said. Often, resistance and disagreement encourages negative spirals of conversation that can be avoided simply by identifying with something the person has said.
For example, if your husband says, "Shut up, I'm not finished," you can choose to respond by saying, "I'm sorry, please go on." This response connects with his perspective (that you interrupted) and deflates the negative spiral.
On the other hand, if your husband says, "Shut up, I'm not finished," and you say, "I didn't interrupt, and you're a jerk," you'll only escalate the negative tension.
2-5. Seek the help of a mediator or therapist.
A specialist can help you analyze your dynamic and find ways to change it and/or limit contact respectfully. They can help you figure out more effective ways to respond to this person.
Sometimes the key is recognizing that it's okay not to agree about everything. People can have different perspectives and still get along, as long as those perspectives are both reasonable and based in somewhat similar values.
In romantic relationships, around 60% of problems may be insurmountable. The issue isn't the fact of the problem in the relationship, but the way in which the couple chooses to handle it.
2-6. Control your response to the negative person.
Journaling, meditation, and yoga have all been shown to be effective tools in handling ongoing relationships with negative people. Using mindfulness exercises to bring your attention to your own response, rather than reacting to the actions of the negative person, have been shown to be successful in clinical research conducted by psychologists.
Other beneficial practices included concentration meditation and training designed to promote empathy.
This research suggests that regardless of the actions of another person, it's possible to manage your own response and minimize the negative impact another person has upon your life.
3. Realizing When Someone is Negative
3-1. Notice that someone is a negative person.
The first step in avoiding negative people is to recognize when they're in your life. If you're consistently drained, depressed or exhausted after spending an hour with someone in your life, think about why this may be. Do you look forward to seeing the person? Or are you spending time with them for other reasons, such as feeling sorry for the person or wanting to help them with difficult parts of their life?
Do I dread spending time with them?
Do I help them because I feel sorry for them?
If I was just meeting them for the first time, would I want to be friends?
Do they see themselves as a victim?
Do they tend to get "stuck" on negative topics and exaggerate how bad things are?
Do they seem to have an external locus of control, meaning that they feel powerless about their life and circumstances?
3-2. Think about the way the person acts towards you.
Don't worry about why they act this way (e.g. divorce, bad childhood, etc.) or try to make excuses. Focus on their behavior towards you now. Thinking about how the person treats you can help you consider whether you want to keep them in your life.
Does the person boss you around a lot?
Do they make time for your point of view, or do they steamroll over you?
Do they take you seriously if you say that their behavior is upsetting you or others?
Have they ever called you names?
Do they blame you for not doing or knowing things that you were never told about?
3-3. Identify what you enjoy about the person.
Taking a quiz or going through a checklist of positive qualities might help you identify what you like about someone in your life. It's important to discern what you enjoy about someone's company, because if you don't know what you get out of the relationship, chances are you'll find yourself repeating this process with another negative person. Here are a few examples of things you might like about toxic people:
You enjoy helping others, so you feel good when you swoop in to "fix" everything.
You sometimes feel overwhelmed by life, so despite this person's controlling nature, you like having them come help you.
You don't act on many of your desires, so watching them do whatever they feel like regardless of consequences is intriguing.
3-4. Find other ways to get what you need.
If you've identified some traits in your friend that you enjoy, try to think of ways to get that positive experience in other, healthier, ways. For example, if you like helping people, spend time volunteering with a charitable organizations. If you liked spending time with the person because they shared your interests, find a group of friends who share similar interests.
Try a "meetup" group or other special interest group, which will be full of potential new friends who share your interest.
Find the positive qualities in your own life that don't include the negative person.
3-5. Limit the amount of time you spend with the person.
Find other ways to fill your time, so that you're often too busy to spend time with the negative person. Develop other friendships that encourage your positive feelings and make sure to be kind to yourself as well. Set aside some time each day for self-care activities, such as taking a walk, engaging in a favorite hobby, or getting a manicure.
Creating distance from another person often involves giving yourself internal permission, realizing that it's okay to take care of yourself by avoiding the negative person.
Trust that this is a process, and you won't be able to shed yourself of a negative person overnight. This is particularly true if the negative person is someone you've known for a long time, a relative or spouse.
Be gentle with yourself as you disengage from the negative person.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Giving Them Space\\n1-1. Walk away.\\nIf you see the person coming, turn around and walk in the other direction. Cross the street, or duck into a shop. If you're lucky, the person you're avoiding won't have seen your maneuver.\\nIf you notice them, keep turning your gaze as if you didn't see anything that caught your eye. That way, if they approach you, you can say that you didn't see them.\\nIf you know their routine, consider avoiding the places where they tend to hang out, or go at a time when the person is unlikely to be there.\\n1-2. Stay busy.\\nTo avoid someone, make sure you're never available for conversation. Keep your phone handy, so you can pretend to be completely engaged in it if the person you're trying to avoid shows up unexpectedly.\\nMaking eye contact invites communication, so if you accidentally encounter the negative person, try to avoid looking them in the eye. Instead, pretend to be busy looking elsewhere.\\nIf you know anyone else in the vicinity, get involved in a conversation. When the negative person sees you engaged in a conversation with another person, she's unlikely to interrupt with her negative remarks.\\nIf they approach you, try saying \\\"Oh, hi! I was just going to ____. Where are you headed?\\\" After they say where they're going, say \\\"Well, I won't keep you. See you later!\\\"\\n1-3. Surround yourself with people who lift you up.\\nWhile nobody is positive 100% of the time, look for people who typically help you feel good about yourself and the world around you. Choose to focus on these people. \\nLimit your responses to negative topics to neutral ones, such as, \\\"I see,\\\" or \\\"Okay.\\\" When someone gives a positive response, react with enthusiasm.\\nWhen negative subjects arise, it's okay to change the subject.\\n1-4. Hang out in groups.\\nIf you can, make sure that there are other people around when you're with the negative person. More people will help disperse her negative energy, and help you keep perspective. \\nIf the group energy is mostly positive, then you'll be less effected by the negative energy coming from the person you're trying to avoid.\\nThe negative person may behave differently in a group setting.\\n1-5. Refuse to get involved in an argument.\\nArguments only strengthen the social ties between yourself and the negative person. If you're trying to avoid the person, you should let them know that you're done with the conversation, and simply walk away.\\nIf they say something rude or offensive, respond with an \\\"Okay then\\\" or \\\"Huh. Anyway...\\\" with a subject change.\\nDon't debate your decision to avoid the person. This isn't a choice that needs to be made together.\\nDon't defend yourself from attack. Arguing gives them a foothold into your life. Instead, shrug it off and act indifferent. If they persist, say something like \\\"If you call me names again, I'm leaving.\\\"\\n1-6. Block the person on social media.\\nIf you're serious about avoiding the negative person in your life, don't engage with them on social media. Allowing someone to post on your Facebook wall, or take over a conversational thread, only furthers their hold on your life.\\nBe prepared for the person to react negatively to being cut from your social media feed.\\nYou may need to block the person from contacting you by email as well.\\nIf the person doesn't respect your boundaries, and continues to try to contact you after repeated blocks and lack of response on your part, you may need to seek additional help.\\n1-7. Remember that you don't owe them an explanation.\\nDeciding what your boundaries are, who you are going to spend time with, and who you choose to avoid, are all personal decisions that each individual has the right to make for herself. You don't have to explain your decision to anyone unless you feel like it.\\nIf you want to explain it, consider a brief note or in-person notice. It's best to keep it short.\\nA longer explanation can quickly become a debate about whether or not you're right, when all you really need to do is tell them calmly that you've decided to end the friendship.\\n2. Learning to Handle Negativity\\n2-1. Consider hearing them out and being there for them.\\nReflect on a time when you were struggling with something difficult and how that made you feel. This person may be going through a rough time and simply be in need of someone to listen to them. Try showing some empathy and validating their feelings before rushing to judgment.\\nFor example, perhaps the person just got out of a long-term relationship and is feeling hopeless about their prospects for finding a loving partner. They might really appreciate you saying something like, “I have noticed you have been having a hard time lately. Do you want to talk about it?”\\n2-2. Understand the reason for the person's negativity.\\nRecognizing why they're being so negative can help you deal with them better. Usually negativity comes from one of 3 basic fears: the fear of being disrespected, the fear of not being loved, and the fear that something bad is going to happen.\\nSee if you can provide reassurance about the fear that the person is dealing with.\\nTry addressing the area of concern rather than the specific complaint. For example, if your negative friend is complaining about the way her boss treats her, she might be concerned about her financial security (if she loses her job) and her pride or self-esteem (if she's being treated negatively). Rather than engage in complaints about her boss, focus on the economic upturn in your local economy, or that her job has a lot of room for growth.\\n2-3. Keep it light.\\nSome people find it hard to talk about certain topics without quickly becoming negative. If you're trying to avoid negative people, stay away from those topics that are likely to deteriorate into complaints and self-pity. If a topic like this comes up, quickly steer the conversation into lighter ground. \\nTry talking about the latest movie you've seen, happy news, or your hobbies might help your friend be more positive.\\nHave compassion for yourself through this process. If you don't allow yourself to become derailed by self-judgment, you'll be more able to successfully navigate your friendship.\\n2-4. Find common ground.\\nIf you realize that your friend is just offering their perspective, or not being intentionally manipulative, it may be easier for you to find the common ground in what they've said. Often, resistance and disagreement encourages negative spirals of conversation that can be avoided simply by identifying with something the person has said.\\nFor example, if your husband says, \\\"Shut up, I'm not finished,\\\" you can choose to respond by saying, \\\"I'm sorry, please go on.\\\" This response connects with his perspective (that you interrupted) and deflates the negative spiral.\\nOn the other hand, if your husband says, \\\"Shut up, I'm not finished,\\\" and you say, \\\"I didn't interrupt, and you're a jerk,\\\" you'll only escalate the negative tension.\\n2-5. Seek the help of a mediator or therapist.\\nA specialist can help you analyze your dynamic and find ways to change it and/or limit contact respectfully. They can help you figure out more effective ways to respond to this person. \\nSometimes the key is recognizing that it's okay not to agree about everything. People can have different perspectives and still get along, as long as those perspectives are both reasonable and based in somewhat similar values.\\nIn romantic relationships, around 60% of problems may be insurmountable. The issue isn't the fact of the problem in the relationship, but the way in which the couple chooses to handle it.\\n2-6. Control your response to the negative person.\\nJournaling, meditation, and yoga have all been shown to be effective tools in handling ongoing relationships with negative people. Using mindfulness exercises to bring your attention to your own response, rather than reacting to the actions of the negative person, have been shown to be successful in clinical research conducted by psychologists.\\nOther beneficial practices included concentration meditation and training designed to promote empathy.\\nThis research suggests that regardless of the actions of another person, it's possible to manage your own response and minimize the negative impact another person has upon your life.\\n3. Realizing When Someone is Negative\\n3-1. Notice that someone is a negative person.\\nThe first step in avoiding negative people is to recognize when they're in your life. If you're consistently drained, depressed or exhausted after spending an hour with someone in your life, think about why this may be. Do you look forward to seeing the person? Or are you spending time with them for other reasons, such as feeling sorry for the person or wanting to help them with difficult parts of their life?\\nDo I dread spending time with them?\\nDo I help them because I feel sorry for them?\\nIf I was just meeting them for the first time, would I want to be friends?\\nDo they see themselves as a victim?\\nDo they tend to get \\\"stuck\\\" on negative topics and exaggerate how bad things are?\\nDo they seem to have an external locus of control, meaning that they feel powerless about their life and circumstances?\\n3-2. Think about the way the person acts towards you.\\nDon't worry about why they act this way (e.g. divorce, bad childhood, etc.) or try to make excuses. Focus on their behavior towards you now. Thinking about how the person treats you can help you consider whether you want to keep them in your life.\\nDoes the person boss you around a lot?\\nDo they make time for your point of view, or do they steamroll over you?\\nDo they take you seriously if you say that their behavior is upsetting you or others?\\nHave they ever called you names?\\nDo they blame you for not doing or knowing things that you were never told about?\\n3-3. Identify what you enjoy about the person.\\nTaking a quiz or going through a checklist of positive qualities might help you identify what you like about someone in your life. It's important to discern what you enjoy about someone's company, because if you don't know what you get out of the relationship, chances are you'll find yourself repeating this process with another negative person. Here are a few examples of things you might like about toxic people: \\nYou enjoy helping others, so you feel good when you swoop in to \\\"fix\\\" everything.\\nYou sometimes feel overwhelmed by life, so despite this person's controlling nature, you like having them come help you.\\nYou don't act on many of your desires, so watching them do whatever they feel like regardless of consequences is intriguing.\\n3-4. Find other ways to get what you need.\\nIf you've identified some traits in your friend that you enjoy, try to think of ways to get that positive experience in other, healthier, ways. For example, if you like helping people, spend time volunteering with a charitable organizations. If you liked spending time with the person because they shared your interests, find a group of friends who share similar interests.\\nTry a \\\"meetup\\\" group or other special interest group, which will be full of potential new friends who share your interest.\\nFind the positive qualities in your own life that don't include the negative person.\\n3-5. Limit the amount of time you spend with the person.\\nFind other ways to fill your time, so that you're often too busy to spend time with the negative person. Develop other friendships that encourage your positive feelings and make sure to be kind to yourself as well. Set aside some time each day for self-care activities, such as taking a walk, engaging in a favorite hobby, or getting a manicure.\\nCreating distance from another person often involves giving yourself internal permission, realizing that it's okay to take care of yourself by avoiding the negative person.\\nTrust that this is a process, and you won't be able to shed yourself of a negative person overnight. This is particularly true if the negative person is someone you've known for a long time, a relative or spouse.\\nBe gentle with yourself as you disengage from the negative person.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being around negative people can drain your energy and cause you to feel trapped and overwhelmed. Learning to recognize the negative people in your life, and finding ways to avoid them will result in a more sustainable and satisfying life for you. If you can't avoid the person completely, there are other ways to handle the person's negativity and limit the effect it has on your life.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Giving Them Space\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Walk away.\", \"描述\": \"If you see the person coming, turn around and walk in the other direction. Cross the street, or duck into a shop. If you're lucky, the person you're avoiding won't have seen your maneuver.\\nIf you notice them, keep turning your gaze as if you didn't see anything that caught your eye. That way, if they approach you, you can say that you didn't see them.\\nIf you know their routine, consider avoiding the places where they tend to hang out, or go at a time when the person is unlikely to be there.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay busy.\", \"描述\": \"To avoid someone, make sure you're never available for conversation. Keep your phone handy, so you can pretend to be completely engaged in it if the person you're trying to avoid shows up unexpectedly.\\nMaking eye contact invites communication, so if you accidentally encounter the negative person, try to avoid looking them in the eye. Instead, pretend to be busy looking elsewhere.\\nIf you know anyone else in the vicinity, get involved in a conversation. When the negative person sees you engaged in a conversation with another person, she's unlikely to interrupt with her negative remarks.\\nIf they approach you, try saying \\\"Oh, hi! I was just going to ____. Where are you headed?\\\" After they say where they're going, say \\\"Well, I won't keep you. See you later!\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Surround yourself with people who lift you up.\", \"描述\": \"While nobody is positive 100% of the time, look for people who typically help you feel good about yourself and the world around you. Choose to focus on these people. \\nLimit your responses to negative topics to neutral ones, such as, \\\"I see,\\\" or \\\"Okay.\\\" When someone gives a positive response, react with enthusiasm.\\nWhen negative subjects arise, it's okay to change the subject.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hang out in groups.\", \"描述\": \"If you can, make sure that there are other people around when you're with the negative person. More people will help disperse her negative energy, and help you keep perspective. \\nIf the group energy is mostly positive, then you'll be less effected by the negative energy coming from the person you're trying to avoid.\\nThe negative person may behave differently in a group setting.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Refuse to get involved in an argument.\", \"描述\": \"Arguments only strengthen the social ties between yourself and the negative person. If you're trying to avoid the person, you should let them know that you're done with the conversation, and simply walk away.\\nIf they say something rude or offensive, respond with an \\\"Okay then\\\" or \\\"Huh. Anyway...\\\" with a subject change.\\nDon't debate your decision to avoid the person. This isn't a choice that needs to be made together.\\nDon't defend yourself from attack. Arguing gives them a foothold into your life. Instead, shrug it off and act indifferent. If they persist, say something like \\\"If you call me names again, I'm leaving.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Block the person on social media.\", \"描述\": \"If you're serious about avoiding the negative person in your life, don't engage with them on social media. Allowing someone to post on your Facebook wall, or take over a conversational thread, only furthers their hold on your life.\\nBe prepared for the person to react negatively to being cut from your social media feed.\\nYou may need to block the person from contacting you by email as well.\\nIf the person doesn't respect your boundaries, and continues to try to contact you after repeated blocks and lack of response on your part, you may need to seek additional help.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Remember that you don't owe them an explanation.\", \"描述\": \"Deciding what your boundaries are, who you are going to spend time with, and who you choose to avoid, are all personal decisions that each individual has the right to make for herself. You don't have to explain your decision to anyone unless you feel like it.\\nIf you want to explain it, consider a brief note or in-person notice. It's best to keep it short.\\nA longer explanation can quickly become a debate about whether or not you're right, when all you really need to do is tell them calmly that you've decided to end the friendship.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learning to Handle Negativity\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider hearing them out and being there for them.\", \"描述\": \"Reflect on a time when you were struggling with something difficult and how that made you feel. This person may be going through a rough time and simply be in need of someone to listen to them. Try showing some empathy and validating their feelings before rushing to judgment.\\nFor example, perhaps the person just got out of a long-term relationship and is feeling hopeless about their prospects for finding a loving partner. They might really appreciate you saying something like, “I have noticed you have been having a hard time lately. Do you want to talk about it?”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand the reason for the person's negativity.\", \"描述\": \"Recognizing why they're being so negative can help you deal with them better. Usually negativity comes from one of 3 basic fears: the fear of being disrespected, the fear of not being loved, and the fear that something bad is going to happen.\\nSee if you can provide reassurance about the fear that the person is dealing with.\\nTry addressing the area of concern rather than the specific complaint. For example, if your negative friend is complaining about the way her boss treats her, she might be concerned about her financial security (if she loses her job) and her pride or self-esteem (if she's being treated negatively). Rather than engage in complaints about her boss, focus on the economic upturn in your local economy, or that her job has a lot of room for growth.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep it light.\", \"描述\": \"Some people find it hard to talk about certain topics without quickly becoming negative. If you're trying to avoid negative people, stay away from those topics that are likely to deteriorate into complaints and self-pity. If a topic like this comes up, quickly steer the conversation into lighter ground. \\nTry talking about the latest movie you've seen, happy news, or your hobbies might help your friend be more positive.\\nHave compassion for yourself through this process. If you don't allow yourself to become derailed by self-judgment, you'll be more able to successfully navigate your friendship.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find common ground.\", \"描述\": \"If you realize that your friend is just offering their perspective, or not being intentionally manipulative, it may be easier for you to find the common ground in what they've said. Often, resistance and disagreement encourages negative spirals of conversation that can be avoided simply by identifying with something the person has said.\\nFor example, if your husband says, \\\"Shut up, I'm not finished,\\\" you can choose to respond by saying, \\\"I'm sorry, please go on.\\\" This response connects with his perspective (that you interrupted) and deflates the negative spiral.\\nOn the other hand, if your husband says, \\\"Shut up, I'm not finished,\\\" and you say, \\\"I didn't interrupt, and you're a jerk,\\\" you'll only escalate the negative tension.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seek the help of a mediator or therapist.\", \"描述\": \"A specialist can help you analyze your dynamic and find ways to change it and/or limit contact respectfully. They can help you figure out more effective ways to respond to this person. \\nSometimes the key is recognizing that it's okay not to agree about everything. People can have different perspectives and still get along, as long as those perspectives are both reasonable and based in somewhat similar values.\\nIn romantic relationships, around 60% of problems may be insurmountable. The issue isn't the fact of the problem in the relationship, but the way in which the couple chooses to handle it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Control your response to the negative person.\", \"描述\": \"Journaling, meditation, and yoga have all been shown to be effective tools in handling ongoing relationships with negative people. Using mindfulness exercises to bring your attention to your own response, rather than reacting to the actions of the negative person, have been shown to be successful in clinical research conducted by psychologists.\\nOther beneficial practices included concentration meditation and training designed to promote empathy.\\nThis research suggests that regardless of the actions of another person, it's possible to manage your own response and minimize the negative impact another person has upon your life.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Realizing When Someone is Negative\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Notice that someone is a negative person.\", \"描述\": \"The first step in avoiding negative people is to recognize when they're in your life. If you're consistently drained, depressed or exhausted after spending an hour with someone in your life, think about why this may be. Do you look forward to seeing the person? Or are you spending time with them for other reasons, such as feeling sorry for the person or wanting to help them with difficult parts of their life?\\nDo I dread spending time with them?\\nDo I help them because I feel sorry for them?\\nIf I was just meeting them for the first time, would I want to be friends?\\nDo they see themselves as a victim?\\nDo they tend to get \\\"stuck\\\" on negative topics and exaggerate how bad things are?\\nDo they seem to have an external locus of control, meaning that they feel powerless about their life and circumstances?\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Think about the way the person acts towards you.\", \"描述\": \"Don't worry about why they act this way (e.g. divorce, bad childhood, etc.) or try to make excuses. Focus on their behavior towards you now. Thinking about how the person treats you can help you consider whether you want to keep them in your life.\\nDoes the person boss you around a lot?\\nDo they make time for your point of view, or do they steamroll over you?\\nDo they take you seriously if you say that their behavior is upsetting you or others?\\nHave they ever called you names?\\nDo they blame you for not doing or knowing things that you were never told about?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Identify what you enjoy about the person.\", \"描述\": \"Taking a quiz or going through a checklist of positive qualities might help you identify what you like about someone in your life. It's important to discern what you enjoy about someone's company, because if you don't know what you get out of the relationship, chances are you'll find yourself repeating this process with another negative person. Here are a few examples of things you might like about toxic people: \\nYou enjoy helping others, so you feel good when you swoop in to \\\"fix\\\" everything.\\nYou sometimes feel overwhelmed by life, so despite this person's controlling nature, you like having them come help you.\\nYou don't act on many of your desires, so watching them do whatever they feel like regardless of consequences is intriguing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find other ways to get what you need.\", \"描述\": \"If you've identified some traits in your friend that you enjoy, try to think of ways to get that positive experience in other, healthier, ways. For example, if you like helping people, spend time volunteering with a charitable organizations. If you liked spending time with the person because they shared your interests, find a group of friends who share similar interests.\\nTry a \\\"meetup\\\" group or other special interest group, which will be full of potential new friends who share your interest.\\nFind the positive qualities in your own life that don't include the negative person.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Limit the amount of time you spend with the person.\", \"描述\": \"Find other ways to fill your time, so that you're often too busy to spend time with the negative person. Develop other friendships that encourage your positive feelings and make sure to be kind to yourself as well. Set aside some time each day for self-care activities, such as taking a walk, engaging in a favorite hobby, or getting a manicure.\\nCreating distance from another person often involves giving yourself internal permission, realizing that it's okay to take care of yourself by avoiding the negative person.\\nTrust that this is a process, and you won't be able to shed yourself of a negative person overnight. This is particularly true if the negative person is someone you've known for a long time, a relative or spouse.\\nBe gentle with yourself as you disengage from the negative person.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,131 | How to Avoid Nighttime Stains During Your Period | 1. Choosing Your Period Supplies
1-1. Use overnight pads.
Overnight pads, as the name suggests, are made for nighttime wear, so they'll absorb more blood and have less chance of leaking. You can stick with just one, or if your periods are particularly heavy (or your pads are prone to shifting), you can try placing one between your legs and one either in front or in the back of your underwear, depending on how you lay when you sleep.
Some people suggest using super-absorbent tampons, but this should be avoided if you're in your teens or tend to sleep more than eight hours - leaving a tampon in for over 8 hours can lead to toxic shock syndrome, which can be deadly.
If you wear pads, make sure to focus your pads more towards the back if you sleep on your back since that will offer more protection. Longer pads are a good idea, too.
1-2. Use a menstrual cup
These are internal like tampons, but they are not frequently associated with toxic shock syndrome, so they can be worn for up to 12 hours (including during the night), unlike tampons. These hold more flow than tampons or pads and have light suction so they prevent leaking.
You can still get toxic shock syndrome if you wear a menstrual cup for more than 12 hours, so you should make sure to empty and rinse it if you choose to use one.
1-3. Try cloth pads.
You can even make your own. Cloth pads allow for better airflow in your underwear and some people consider them to be more comfortable than disposable pads, and you can get extra liners to insert when needed. Being more comfortable with cloth pads means you're less likely to move about in your sleep, so pads stay in place rather than gathering up, leading to leaking.
1-4. Wear two pairs of underwear.
This might sound odd, but two pairs of underwear at once will help to hold a pad in place while you sleep. Additionally, it gives you an extra layer, so if you do leak, there's more fabric to act as a barrier before it gets to your sheets.
Alternatively, wear tighter underwear or a pair of tight sleep shorts that you don't mind getting stained.
1-5. Give period underwear a try.
Period underwear, often called period panties, are made specifically to absorb blood, sort of like a pad built into your underwear. If you want some backup in case you leak or are having a light flow, wear period underwear during the night so that anything that leaks will be caught by the underwear.
While some period underwear can take heavier flows, most are meant for lighter flows (and some people report the underwear just not working well for them). Period underwear should be used as a backup unless your flow is light.
1-6. Designate "period sheets".
Chances are, you have sheets somewhere that aren't so nice for whatever reason - maybe they're old or have previous stains on them. When you anticipate your period coming up, change your bed to these sheets, so that if you start your period during the night or bleed through your supplies, it won't be a total loss.
Sheets used during your period are best if they're dark since a stain won't show up as much. Red sheets aren't recommended - though they may seem perfect for hiding stains, blood will turn dark brown when it dries, making stains stand out.
If you don't want to have stainable sheets, there are special sheet and/or mattress covers that are designed to prevent staining during your period.
1-7. Talk to your doctor if nothing else works.
If you've tried everything you can and you're still bleeding through your supplies, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your menstrual cycle. Heavy periods aren't uncommon, but if your supplies need to be changed more frequently than every two hours or you see blood clots that are larger than the size of a quarter, you may have a medical condition that affects your periods.
2. Preventing Leaks
2-1. Wear protection if you think you may start your period during the night.
If you know your period is right around the corner, but it hasn't quite started yet, consider putting on a pad or pantyliner before you go to bed. Doing so will help prevent leaks if you unexpectedly start your period during the night.
Tampons shouldn't be inserted before you've started your period, as this can lead to bacterial buildup. Menstrual cups are usually okay to insert right before your period, though.
If you've just started getting periods and they aren't regular yet, it can be tricky to know if you're close to starting your period. Try looking for signs of PMS you might get - do you feel more bloated or sore, get a lot of acne, experience spotting, get cramps, have mood swings, or other pre-period symptoms?
2-2. Change your pad or tampon before going to bed.
The more blood your pad or tampon has already absorbed, the less it can take in during the night (meaning, more leaks!). To combat this, put on a fresh pad or insert a new tampon right before you go to bed. It helps you feel fresher, too.
It's best to switch from a tampon to a pad before you sleep, since leaving a tampon in overnight can cause infections or toxic shock syndrome.
If you use a menstrual cup, empty it before you sleep.
2-3. Put a dark towel on your bed.
Towels themselves don't prevent leaks, but if you do leak, using one can help to minimize the damage done to your sheets and mattress. To avoid having the staining issue with towels, make sure they're dark colors as well. Similar to the sheets, having "period towels" can be useful.
2-4. Sleep in a comfortable position.
There's no real "right" or "wrong" position to sleep in while on your period, but it's encouraged to sleep in a position that's most comfortable to you. This will help keep you from moving around too much, leading to less bunching in pads - and therefore, less leaking. As a bonus, it also helps you to fall asleep easier!
Regardless of how you sleep, try to keep your legs closed rather than sprawling out across the bed. If your legs are wide open during the night, your pad may move while you sleep.
2-5. Get out of bed slowly in the mornings.
Even if you haven't leaked during the middle of the night, you'll still want to take caution when getting out of bed. Especially during a heavy flow, sitting up will cause all the blood to come out very quickly, which can potentially stain your underwear and sheets. You may even want to try "log rolling" out of bed to avoid getting blood on your sheets if you know you're going to bleed through your clothes.
3. Cleaning Up a Stain
3-1. Don't leave the stain to sit.
As soon as you wake up and notice a stain, change or empty your menstrual product and then pull the sheet or towel off. If you leave the stain alone or lay in bed for a while longer, it'll be harder to get out.
3-2. Rinse the stains out in the sink with cold water.
You usually don't have to do anything special if the blood is fresh - cold water and a bit of scrubbing with soap can usually get it out. Never use warm or hot water to wash out the blood, though - that will actually cause it to set, making the stain worse.
If the stain is bad, try soaking it for up to an hour or two and seeing if that helps.
3-3. Use hydrogen peroxide on particularly stubborn stains.
If the stain hasn't come out with water and soap, as well as soaking, try putting a bit of hydrogen peroxide on the stain. You shouldn't need to do any scrubbing - it'll often come out on its own.
Hydrogen peroxide can bleach dark fabrics, so if the affected fabric is dark, either avoid this method or try diluting the peroxide with water.
3-4. Spot-treat your mattress as soon as possible.
If the stain has bled through to your mattress, don't panic - you can still get it out. Use a bit of hydrogen peroxide and a clean cloth to blot the stain; deeper stains can be treated by dabbing at the spot with laundry detergent or even a paste of water and baking soda applied for at least half an hour. Just take caution not to soak the mattress, so that it will dry.
3-5. Wash your sheets and/or clothes in cold water.
After you've gotten as much of the stain out as possible, just wash the clothes and sheets normally with cold water. This will get the items clean again, and while there might still be a bit of a stain, it won't be as bad as it was when you woke up.
Tips
Try a saline solution (or even just cold water and salt) on bloodstains. This may be more effective than just plain water.[15]
X
Research source
If you sleep on your side with your knees up, make sure (if you're using a pad) that it's more focused on the back. Since the front is a lot more close together, the back is wider open, causing more leaking space if your pad isn't wide enough or if you're rough in your sleep.
Soaking stained sheets or other clothes in milk will help to fade or even eliminate the stains.
Warnings
Wearing a tampon while asleep is more dangerous, because you may not wake up in time to change it. Leaving in a tampon for longer than 8 hours drastically increases the risk of toxic shock syndrome, which can be fatal.
Heavy periods that result in leaks during the night may be a sign of other gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis, menorrhagia, or fibroids, which are benign growths in the womb. It could also mean that your level of iron is below what is healthy, so make an appointment to see your doctor for a checkup.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing Your Period Supplies\\n1-1. Use overnight pads.\\nOvernight pads, as the name suggests, are made for nighttime wear, so they'll absorb more blood and have less chance of leaking. You can stick with just one, or if your periods are particularly heavy (or your pads are prone to shifting), you can try placing one between your legs and one either in front or in the back of your underwear, depending on how you lay when you sleep.\\nSome people suggest using super-absorbent tampons, but this should be avoided if you're in your teens or tend to sleep more than eight hours - leaving a tampon in for over 8 hours can lead to toxic shock syndrome, which can be deadly.\\nIf you wear pads, make sure to focus your pads more towards the back if you sleep on your back since that will offer more protection. Longer pads are a good idea, too.\\n1-2. Use a menstrual cup\\nThese are internal like tampons, but they are not frequently associated with toxic shock syndrome, so they can be worn for up to 12 hours (including during the night), unlike tampons. These hold more flow than tampons or pads and have light suction so they prevent leaking.\\nYou can still get toxic shock syndrome if you wear a menstrual cup for more than 12 hours, so you should make sure to empty and rinse it if you choose to use one.\\n1-3. Try cloth pads.\\nYou can even make your own. Cloth pads allow for better airflow in your underwear and some people consider them to be more comfortable than disposable pads, and you can get extra liners to insert when needed. Being more comfortable with cloth pads means you're less likely to move about in your sleep, so pads stay in place rather than gathering up, leading to leaking.\\n1-4. Wear two pairs of underwear.\\nThis might sound odd, but two pairs of underwear at once will help to hold a pad in place while you sleep. Additionally, it gives you an extra layer, so if you do leak, there's more fabric to act as a barrier before it gets to your sheets.\\nAlternatively, wear tighter underwear or a pair of tight sleep shorts that you don't mind getting stained.\\n1-5. Give period underwear a try.\\nPeriod underwear, often called period panties, are made specifically to absorb blood, sort of like a pad built into your underwear. If you want some backup in case you leak or are having a light flow, wear period underwear during the night so that anything that leaks will be caught by the underwear.\\nWhile some period underwear can take heavier flows, most are meant for lighter flows (and some people report the underwear just not working well for them). Period underwear should be used as a backup unless your flow is light.\\n1-6. Designate \\\"period sheets\\\".\\nChances are, you have sheets somewhere that aren't so nice for whatever reason - maybe they're old or have previous stains on them. When you anticipate your period coming up, change your bed to these sheets, so that if you start your period during the night or bleed through your supplies, it won't be a total loss.\\nSheets used during your period are best if they're dark since a stain won't show up as much. Red sheets aren't recommended - though they may seem perfect for hiding stains, blood will turn dark brown when it dries, making stains stand out.\\nIf you don't want to have stainable sheets, there are special sheet and/or mattress covers that are designed to prevent staining during your period.\\n1-7. Talk to your doctor if nothing else works.\\nIf you've tried everything you can and you're still bleeding through your supplies, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your menstrual cycle. Heavy periods aren't uncommon, but if your supplies need to be changed more frequently than every two hours or you see blood clots that are larger than the size of a quarter, you may have a medical condition that affects your periods.\\n2. Preventing Leaks\\n2-1. Wear protection if you think you may start your period during the night.\\nIf you know your period is right around the corner, but it hasn't quite started yet, consider putting on a pad or pantyliner before you go to bed. Doing so will help prevent leaks if you unexpectedly start your period during the night.\\nTampons shouldn't be inserted before you've started your period, as this can lead to bacterial buildup. Menstrual cups are usually okay to insert right before your period, though.\\nIf you've just started getting periods and they aren't regular yet, it can be tricky to know if you're close to starting your period. Try looking for signs of PMS you might get - do you feel more bloated or sore, get a lot of acne, experience spotting, get cramps, have mood swings, or other pre-period symptoms?\\n2-2. Change your pad or tampon before going to bed.\\nThe more blood your pad or tampon has already absorbed, the less it can take in during the night (meaning, more leaks!). To combat this, put on a fresh pad or insert a new tampon right before you go to bed. It helps you feel fresher, too.\\nIt's best to switch from a tampon to a pad before you sleep, since leaving a tampon in overnight can cause infections or toxic shock syndrome.\\nIf you use a menstrual cup, empty it before you sleep.\\n2-3. Put a dark towel on your bed.\\nTowels themselves don't prevent leaks, but if you do leak, using one can help to minimize the damage done to your sheets and mattress. To avoid having the staining issue with towels, make sure they're dark colors as well. Similar to the sheets, having \\\"period towels\\\" can be useful.\\n2-4. Sleep in a comfortable position.\\nThere's no real \\\"right\\\" or \\\"wrong\\\" position to sleep in while on your period, but it's encouraged to sleep in a position that's most comfortable to you. This will help keep you from moving around too much, leading to less bunching in pads - and therefore, less leaking. As a bonus, it also helps you to fall asleep easier!\\nRegardless of how you sleep, try to keep your legs closed rather than sprawling out across the bed. If your legs are wide open during the night, your pad may move while you sleep.\\n2-5. Get out of bed slowly in the mornings.\\nEven if you haven't leaked during the middle of the night, you'll still want to take caution when getting out of bed. Especially during a heavy flow, sitting up will cause all the blood to come out very quickly, which can potentially stain your underwear and sheets. You may even want to try \\\"log rolling\\\" out of bed to avoid getting blood on your sheets if you know you're going to bleed through your clothes.\\n3. Cleaning Up a Stain\\n3-1. Don't leave the stain to sit.\\nAs soon as you wake up and notice a stain, change or empty your menstrual product and then pull the sheet or towel off. If you leave the stain alone or lay in bed for a while longer, it'll be harder to get out.\\n3-2. Rinse the stains out in the sink with cold water.\\nYou usually don't have to do anything special if the blood is fresh - cold water and a bit of scrubbing with soap can usually get it out. Never use warm or hot water to wash out the blood, though - that will actually cause it to set, making the stain worse.\\nIf the stain is bad, try soaking it for up to an hour or two and seeing if that helps.\\n3-3. Use hydrogen peroxide on particularly stubborn stains.\\nIf the stain hasn't come out with water and soap, as well as soaking, try putting a bit of hydrogen peroxide on the stain. You shouldn't need to do any scrubbing - it'll often come out on its own.\\nHydrogen peroxide can bleach dark fabrics, so if the affected fabric is dark, either avoid this method or try diluting the peroxide with water.\\n3-4. Spot-treat your mattress as soon as possible.\\nIf the stain has bled through to your mattress, don't panic - you can still get it out. Use a bit of hydrogen peroxide and a clean cloth to blot the stain; deeper stains can be treated by dabbing at the spot with laundry detergent or even a paste of water and baking soda applied for at least half an hour. Just take caution not to soak the mattress, so that it will dry.\\n3-5. Wash your sheets and/or clothes in cold water.\\nAfter you've gotten as much of the stain out as possible, just wash the clothes and sheets normally with cold water. This will get the items clean again, and while there might still be a bit of a stain, it won't be as bad as it was when you woke up.\\nTips\\nTry a saline solution (or even just cold water and salt) on bloodstains. This may be more effective than just plain water.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you sleep on your side with your knees up, make sure (if you're using a pad) that it's more focused on the back. Since the front is a lot more close together, the back is wider open, causing more leaking space if your pad isn't wide enough or if you're rough in your sleep.\\nSoaking stained sheets or other clothes in milk will help to fade or even eliminate the stains.\\nWarnings\\nWearing a tampon while asleep is more dangerous, because you may not wake up in time to change it. Leaving in a tampon for longer than 8 hours drastically increases the risk of toxic shock syndrome, which can be fatal.\\nHeavy periods that result in leaks during the night may be a sign of other gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis, menorrhagia, or fibroids, which are benign growths in the womb. It could also mean that your level of iron is below what is healthy, so make an appointment to see your doctor for a checkup.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Many people have woken up to bloodstains on their bedsheets at least once - and it's not uncommon for the stain to remain in lighter-colored sheets or clothes, which is a frequent source of frustration. However, don't panic - it's possible to avoid staining your clothes and sheets during the night and wake up without swimming in the Red Sea!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing Your Period Supplies\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use overnight pads.\", \"描述\": \"Overnight pads, as the name suggests, are made for nighttime wear, so they'll absorb more blood and have less chance of leaking. You can stick with just one, or if your periods are particularly heavy (or your pads are prone to shifting), you can try placing one between your legs and one either in front or in the back of your underwear, depending on how you lay when you sleep.\\nSome people suggest using super-absorbent tampons, but this should be avoided if you're in your teens or tend to sleep more than eight hours - leaving a tampon in for over 8 hours can lead to toxic shock syndrome, which can be deadly.\\nIf you wear pads, make sure to focus your pads more towards the back if you sleep on your back since that will offer more protection. Longer pads are a good idea, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a menstrual cup\", \"描述\": \"These are internal like tampons, but they are not frequently associated with toxic shock syndrome, so they can be worn for up to 12 hours (including during the night), unlike tampons. These hold more flow than tampons or pads and have light suction so they prevent leaking.\\nYou can still get toxic shock syndrome if you wear a menstrual cup for more than 12 hours, so you should make sure to empty and rinse it if you choose to use one.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try cloth pads.\", \"描述\": \"You can even make your own. Cloth pads allow for better airflow in your underwear and some people consider them to be more comfortable than disposable pads, and you can get extra liners to insert when needed. Being more comfortable with cloth pads means you're less likely to move about in your sleep, so pads stay in place rather than gathering up, leading to leaking.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wear two pairs of underwear.\", \"描述\": \"This might sound odd, but two pairs of underwear at once will help to hold a pad in place while you sleep. Additionally, it gives you an extra layer, so if you do leak, there's more fabric to act as a barrier before it gets to your sheets.\\nAlternatively, wear tighter underwear or a pair of tight sleep shorts that you don't mind getting stained.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Give period underwear a try.\", \"描述\": \"Period underwear, often called period panties, are made specifically to absorb blood, sort of like a pad built into your underwear. If you want some backup in case you leak or are having a light flow, wear period underwear during the night so that anything that leaks will be caught by the underwear.\\nWhile some period underwear can take heavier flows, most are meant for lighter flows (and some people report the underwear just not working well for them). Period underwear should be used as a backup unless your flow is light.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Designate \\\"period sheets\\\".\", \"描述\": \"Chances are, you have sheets somewhere that aren't so nice for whatever reason - maybe they're old or have previous stains on them. When you anticipate your period coming up, change your bed to these sheets, so that if you start your period during the night or bleed through your supplies, it won't be a total loss.\\nSheets used during your period are best if they're dark since a stain won't show up as much. Red sheets aren't recommended - though they may seem perfect for hiding stains, blood will turn dark brown when it dries, making stains stand out.\\nIf you don't want to have stainable sheets, there are special sheet and/or mattress covers that are designed to prevent staining during your period.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Talk to your doctor if nothing else works.\", \"描述\": \"If you've tried everything you can and you're still bleeding through your supplies, make an appointment with your doctor to discuss your menstrual cycle. Heavy periods aren't uncommon, but if your supplies need to be changed more frequently than every two hours or you see blood clots that are larger than the size of a quarter, you may have a medical condition that affects your periods.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preventing Leaks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wear protection if you think you may start your period during the night.\", \"描述\": \"If you know your period is right around the corner, but it hasn't quite started yet, consider putting on a pad or pantyliner before you go to bed. Doing so will help prevent leaks if you unexpectedly start your period during the night.\\nTampons shouldn't be inserted before you've started your period, as this can lead to bacterial buildup. Menstrual cups are usually okay to insert right before your period, though.\\nIf you've just started getting periods and they aren't regular yet, it can be tricky to know if you're close to starting your period. Try looking for signs of PMS you might get - do you feel more bloated or sore, get a lot of acne, experience spotting, get cramps, have mood swings, or other pre-period symptoms?\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Change your pad or tampon before going to bed.\", \"描述\": \"The more blood your pad or tampon has already absorbed, the less it can take in during the night (meaning, more leaks!). To combat this, put on a fresh pad or insert a new tampon right before you go to bed. It helps you feel fresher, too.\\nIt's best to switch from a tampon to a pad before you sleep, since leaving a tampon in overnight can cause infections or toxic shock syndrome.\\nIf you use a menstrual cup, empty it before you sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put a dark towel on your bed.\", \"描述\": \"Towels themselves don't prevent leaks, but if you do leak, using one can help to minimize the damage done to your sheets and mattress. To avoid having the staining issue with towels, make sure they're dark colors as well. Similar to the sheets, having \\\"period towels\\\" can be useful.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sleep in a comfortable position.\", \"描述\": \"There's no real \\\"right\\\" or \\\"wrong\\\" position to sleep in while on your period, but it's encouraged to sleep in a position that's most comfortable to you. This will help keep you from moving around too much, leading to less bunching in pads - and therefore, less leaking. As a bonus, it also helps you to fall asleep easier!\\nRegardless of how you sleep, try to keep your legs closed rather than sprawling out across the bed. If your legs are wide open during the night, your pad may move while you sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get out of bed slowly in the mornings.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you haven't leaked during the middle of the night, you'll still want to take caution when getting out of bed. Especially during a heavy flow, sitting up will cause all the blood to come out very quickly, which can potentially stain your underwear and sheets. You may even want to try \\\"log rolling\\\" out of bed to avoid getting blood on your sheets if you know you're going to bleed through your clothes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cleaning Up a Stain\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't leave the stain to sit.\", \"描述\": \"As soon as you wake up and notice a stain, change or empty your menstrual product and then pull the sheet or towel off. If you leave the stain alone or lay in bed for a while longer, it'll be harder to get out.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Rinse the stains out in the sink with cold water.\", \"描述\": \"You usually don't have to do anything special if the blood is fresh - cold water and a bit of scrubbing with soap can usually get it out. Never use warm or hot water to wash out the blood, though - that will actually cause it to set, making the stain worse.\\nIf the stain is bad, try soaking it for up to an hour or two and seeing if that helps.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use hydrogen peroxide on particularly stubborn stains.\", \"描述\": \"If the stain hasn't come out with water and soap, as well as soaking, try putting a bit of hydrogen peroxide on the stain. You shouldn't need to do any scrubbing - it'll often come out on its own.\\nHydrogen peroxide can bleach dark fabrics, so if the affected fabric is dark, either avoid this method or try diluting the peroxide with water.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spot-treat your mattress as soon as possible.\", \"描述\": \"If the stain has bled through to your mattress, don't panic - you can still get it out. Use a bit of hydrogen peroxide and a clean cloth to blot the stain; deeper stains can be treated by dabbing at the spot with laundry detergent or even a paste of water and baking soda applied for at least half an hour. Just take caution not to soak the mattress, so that it will dry.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wash your sheets and/or clothes in cold water.\", \"描述\": \"After you've gotten as much of the stain out as possible, just wash the clothes and sheets normally with cold water. This will get the items clean again, and while there might still be a bit of a stain, it won't be as bad as it was when you woke up.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try a saline solution (or even just cold water and salt) on bloodstains. This may be more effective than just plain water.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you sleep on your side with your knees up, make sure (if you're using a pad) that it's more focused on the back. Since the front is a lot more close together, the back is wider open, causing more leaking space if your pad isn't wide enough or if you're rough in your sleep.\\n\", \"Soaking stained sheets or other clothes in milk will help to fade or even eliminate the stains.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Wearing a tampon while asleep is more dangerous, because you may not wake up in time to change it. Leaving in a tampon for longer than 8 hours drastically increases the risk of toxic shock syndrome, which can be fatal.\\n\", \"Heavy periods that result in leaks during the night may be a sign of other gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis, menorrhagia, or fibroids, which are benign growths in the womb. It could also mean that your level of iron is below what is healthy, so make an appointment to see your doctor for a checkup.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,132 | How to Avoid Obsessing over a Guy | 1. Limiting Your Obsessions
1-1. Maintain perspective.
When you’re feeling uncertain or insecure, it’s easy to get caught up in the details. You might catch yourself overanalyzing every little aspect of your guy’s behavior: What did that shrug mean? Why is he laughing? Take a step back and get some perspective.
Look at the bigger picture instead of stressing over every little thing. Put simply, if your crush or new guy keeps coming around, he obviously likes you. There’s no need to interpret every aspect of his behavior.
Keep in mind that overanalyzing a situation is similar to making assumptions. In both situations, you are telling yourself that something is true without having any evidence that it is. This is type of behavior is unproductive, unhealthy, and may lead to low self-esteem, so it is important to avoid it.
1-2. Remind yourself about the person's flaws.
Your feelings about a crush or new beau are often skewed. You may find yourself idealizing the person, only seeing the positives. Make the effort to recognize and acknowledge the person’s flaws to remind yourself that they’re not perfect. Doing this can help you stop obsessing.
Say aloud some of the flaws you’ve noticed about the person. This might sound like, “He’s terrible at calling me back. Plus, it annoys me that his clothes never match.”
Avoid putting your boyfriend on a pedestal because this can lead to a relationship that is inauthentic and unequal.
1-3. Take care of yourself.
If you’re obsessing about a guy, you may need to get some space from him. Shift the focus from him onto you. Pour all that energy back into yourself by engaging in self-care.
Set aside some time daily to do things you enjoy. You might catch up on your favorite TV show, polish your nails, or spend time with friends.
1-4. Ask your crush how they feel.
If you are unable to get perspective and just let the relationship be, then have a talk with your guy. This is basically the equivalent of doing the thing you fear. If you ask him about whatever you’re obsessing over, those thoughts won’t have power over you anymore.
Schedule a time when you both can talk without distractions. Try to be as specific as possible about your concerns. Bring up the subject by saying something like, “I’ve been wondering if you share the same feelings for me that I do for you. I like you and I would like to date you. How do you feel about that?”
2. Moving On
2-1. Limit contact.
There may be something to the old saying “out of sight, out of mind.” Your ability to move on may be complicated because you are still entangled with this guy. Break off contact for a while and try to avoid seeing this person to stop obsessing.
Take a mini detox from social media so you don't stalk their page. Temporarily remove their number from your phone (be sure to write it down in an address book if this is someone you plan on talking to again) so you are not tempted to call or text them.
2-2. Perform a ritual to let go.
If you’re still obsessing over a guy, chances are there are still some unresolved issues hanging around. You will need to find closure in order to fully move on and reclaim your life.
Get closure by performing a ritual. There are many approaches you can try. You can box up all the memories you have of this person and trash or donate the box. Or, you might write a letter to the person sharing your feelings. Then, burn it or tear it to pieces.
2-3. Date someone new.
Getting to know someone new can help you finally seal the deal of getting over an old flame. Plus, once you meet a better match, you might forget why your crush was so interesting anyway.
Put out feelers to see if your social circle can hook you up with someone. Join a new club or take a class to meet new people. Or, create a profile and try online dating.
3. Distracting Yourself
3-1. Set some goals.
Looking to the future can help you stop obsessing over the present or past. Plus, if you’re obsessing over a guy, that means you’re spending a lot of time thinking about them. Think about yourself and what you want for your life. Sit down and map out a few concrete goals.
For example, you might set a goal to save money for six months of travel. Your deadline might be one year later.
3-2. Go work out.
Exercise can be a great mood booster. Plus, if you're busy running, swimming or lifting weights, you'll have less time to obsess over a guy. Develop a new workout regimen of interesting exercises. Also, put together a playlist of upbeat music that helps take your mind off your crush.
3-3. Get a hobby.
Distracting yourself from obsessions is easy when you have activities that you find enjoyable. Think about some hobbies or passions that you might like to pursue. Once you come up with a few, immediately make a plan to incorporate them into your routine.
For example, if you want to master French cooking, enroll in a nearby class. If you want to complete a 5k, download a training schedule.
To locate people in your area who share the same interests as you do, try checking a website like Meetup.com for local gatherings.
3-4. Fill your calendar.
Having too much free time may be one of the reasons you keep obsessing. Get busy! Fill your days with interesting hobbies, meaningful work, and gathering with friends and you may completely stop obsessing over that guy.
Get in touch with some friends whom you’ve been neglecting. Make arrangements to get together for dinner or drinks.
You might also start a volunteer commitment or take on more responsibilities in a club or organization to fill your calendar.
3-5. Visualize yourself clearing out obsessive thoughts.
One technique for overcoming obsessive thoughts is by visualizing something else. Imagine that your thoughts are in a very dusty attic. Then, envision someone taking a broom and sweeping out all the dust and cobwebs that are intruding on your mind. Whenever your thoughts become obsessive, remind the person to “Sweep!”
It is important to take time to relax deeply every day, so try to set aside at least 20 minutes for yourself to do that. During this time, do something that is relaxing to you, such as listening to a guided meditation or going for a walk in nature.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Limiting Your Obsessions\\n1-1. Maintain perspective.\\nWhen you’re feeling uncertain or insecure, it’s easy to get caught up in the details. You might catch yourself overanalyzing every little aspect of your guy’s behavior: What did that shrug mean? Why is he laughing? Take a step back and get some perspective.\\nLook at the bigger picture instead of stressing over every little thing. Put simply, if your crush or new guy keeps coming around, he obviously likes you. There’s no need to interpret every aspect of his behavior.\\nKeep in mind that overanalyzing a situation is similar to making assumptions. In both situations, you are telling yourself that something is true without having any evidence that it is. This is type of behavior is unproductive, unhealthy, and may lead to low self-esteem, so it is important to avoid it.\\n1-2. Remind yourself about the person's flaws.\\nYour feelings about a crush or new beau are often skewed. You may find yourself idealizing the person, only seeing the positives. Make the effort to recognize and acknowledge the person’s flaws to remind yourself that they’re not perfect. Doing this can help you stop obsessing.\\nSay aloud some of the flaws you’ve noticed about the person. This might sound like, “He’s terrible at calling me back. Plus, it annoys me that his clothes never match.”\\nAvoid putting your boyfriend on a pedestal because this can lead to a relationship that is inauthentic and unequal.\\n1-3. Take care of yourself.\\nIf you’re obsessing about a guy, you may need to get some space from him. Shift the focus from him onto you. Pour all that energy back into yourself by engaging in self-care.\\nSet aside some time daily to do things you enjoy. You might catch up on your favorite TV show, polish your nails, or spend time with friends.\\n1-4. Ask your crush how they feel.\\nIf you are unable to get perspective and just let the relationship be, then have a talk with your guy. This is basically the equivalent of doing the thing you fear. If you ask him about whatever you’re obsessing over, those thoughts won’t have power over you anymore.\\nSchedule a time when you both can talk without distractions. Try to be as specific as possible about your concerns. Bring up the subject by saying something like, “I’ve been wondering if you share the same feelings for me that I do for you. I like you and I would like to date you. How do you feel about that?”\\n2. Moving On\\n2-1. Limit contact.\\nThere may be something to the old saying “out of sight, out of mind.” Your ability to move on may be complicated because you are still entangled with this guy. Break off contact for a while and try to avoid seeing this person to stop obsessing.\\nTake a mini detox from social media so you don't stalk their page. Temporarily remove their number from your phone (be sure to write it down in an address book if this is someone you plan on talking to again) so you are not tempted to call or text them.\\n2-2. Perform a ritual to let go.\\nIf you’re still obsessing over a guy, chances are there are still some unresolved issues hanging around. You will need to find closure in order to fully move on and reclaim your life.\\nGet closure by performing a ritual. There are many approaches you can try. You can box up all the memories you have of this person and trash or donate the box. Or, you might write a letter to the person sharing your feelings. Then, burn it or tear it to pieces.\\n2-3. Date someone new.\\nGetting to know someone new can help you finally seal the deal of getting over an old flame. Plus, once you meet a better match, you might forget why your crush was so interesting anyway.\\nPut out feelers to see if your social circle can hook you up with someone. Join a new club or take a class to meet new people. Or, create a profile and try online dating.\\n3. Distracting Yourself\\n3-1. Set some goals.\\nLooking to the future can help you stop obsessing over the present or past. Plus, if you’re obsessing over a guy, that means you’re spending a lot of time thinking about them. Think about yourself and what you want for your life. Sit down and map out a few concrete goals.\\nFor example, you might set a goal to save money for six months of travel. Your deadline might be one year later.\\n3-2. Go work out.\\nExercise can be a great mood booster. Plus, if you're busy running, swimming or lifting weights, you'll have less time to obsess over a guy. Develop a new workout regimen of interesting exercises. Also, put together a playlist of upbeat music that helps take your mind off your crush.\\n3-3. Get a hobby.\\nDistracting yourself from obsessions is easy when you have activities that you find enjoyable. Think about some hobbies or passions that you might like to pursue. Once you come up with a few, immediately make a plan to incorporate them into your routine.\\nFor example, if you want to master French cooking, enroll in a nearby class. If you want to complete a 5k, download a training schedule.\\nTo locate people in your area who share the same interests as you do, try checking a website like Meetup.com for local gatherings.\\n3-4. Fill your calendar.\\nHaving too much free time may be one of the reasons you keep obsessing. Get busy! Fill your days with interesting hobbies, meaningful work, and gathering with friends and you may completely stop obsessing over that guy.\\nGet in touch with some friends whom you’ve been neglecting. Make arrangements to get together for dinner or drinks.\\nYou might also start a volunteer commitment or take on more responsibilities in a club or organization to fill your calendar.\\n3-5. Visualize yourself clearing out obsessive thoughts.\\nOne technique for overcoming obsessive thoughts is by visualizing something else. Imagine that your thoughts are in a very dusty attic. Then, envision someone taking a broom and sweeping out all the dust and cobwebs that are intruding on your mind. Whenever your thoughts become obsessive, remind the person to “Sweep!”\\nIt is important to take time to relax deeply every day, so try to set aside at least 20 minutes for yourself to do that. During this time, do something that is relaxing to you, such as listening to a guided meditation or going for a walk in nature.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are many reasons you may find yourself obsessing over a guy. You might constantly wonder how much a new boyfriend or crush likes you. Or, you might even have a hard time moving on from an ex. Whatever the reason, obsessing can stress you out, and even make you do something you’ll regret, like stalking your crush. Learn to limit your obsessive thoughts and move on, if you want to. You can also avoid obsessing by distracting yourself with other activities.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Limiting Your Obsessions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintain perspective.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re feeling uncertain or insecure, it’s easy to get caught up in the details. You might catch yourself overanalyzing every little aspect of your guy’s behavior: What did that shrug mean? Why is he laughing? Take a step back and get some perspective.\\nLook at the bigger picture instead of stressing over every little thing. Put simply, if your crush or new guy keeps coming around, he obviously likes you. There’s no need to interpret every aspect of his behavior.\\nKeep in mind that overanalyzing a situation is similar to making assumptions. In both situations, you are telling yourself that something is true without having any evidence that it is. This is type of behavior is unproductive, unhealthy, and may lead to low self-esteem, so it is important to avoid it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Remind yourself about the person's flaws.\", \"描述\": \"Your feelings about a crush or new beau are often skewed. You may find yourself idealizing the person, only seeing the positives. Make the effort to recognize and acknowledge the person’s flaws to remind yourself that they’re not perfect. Doing this can help you stop obsessing.\\nSay aloud some of the flaws you’ve noticed about the person. This might sound like, “He’s terrible at calling me back. Plus, it annoys me that his clothes never match.”\\nAvoid putting your boyfriend on a pedestal because this can lead to a relationship that is inauthentic and unequal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take care of yourself.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re obsessing about a guy, you may need to get some space from him. Shift the focus from him onto you. Pour all that energy back into yourself by engaging in self-care.\\nSet aside some time daily to do things you enjoy. You might catch up on your favorite TV show, polish your nails, or spend time with friends.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask your crush how they feel.\", \"描述\": \"If you are unable to get perspective and just let the relationship be, then have a talk with your guy. This is basically the equivalent of doing the thing you fear. If you ask him about whatever you’re obsessing over, those thoughts won’t have power over you anymore.\\nSchedule a time when you both can talk without distractions. Try to be as specific as possible about your concerns. Bring up the subject by saying something like, “I’ve been wondering if you share the same feelings for me that I do for you. I like you and I would like to date you. How do you feel about that?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Moving On\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Limit contact.\", \"描述\": \"There may be something to the old saying “out of sight, out of mind.” Your ability to move on may be complicated because you are still entangled with this guy. Break off contact for a while and try to avoid seeing this person to stop obsessing.\\nTake a mini detox from social media so you don't stalk their page. Temporarily remove their number from your phone (be sure to write it down in an address book if this is someone you plan on talking to again) so you are not tempted to call or text them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perform a ritual to let go.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re still obsessing over a guy, chances are there are still some unresolved issues hanging around. You will need to find closure in order to fully move on and reclaim your life.\\nGet closure by performing a ritual. There are many approaches you can try. You can box up all the memories you have of this person and trash or donate the box. Or, you might write a letter to the person sharing your feelings. Then, burn it or tear it to pieces.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Date someone new.\", \"描述\": \"Getting to know someone new can help you finally seal the deal of getting over an old flame. Plus, once you meet a better match, you might forget why your crush was so interesting anyway.\\nPut out feelers to see if your social circle can hook you up with someone. Join a new club or take a class to meet new people. Or, create a profile and try online dating.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Distracting Yourself\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set some goals.\", \"描述\": \"Looking to the future can help you stop obsessing over the present or past. Plus, if you’re obsessing over a guy, that means you’re spending a lot of time thinking about them. Think about yourself and what you want for your life. Sit down and map out a few concrete goals.\\nFor example, you might set a goal to save money for six months of travel. Your deadline might be one year later.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go work out.\", \"描述\": \"Exercise can be a great mood booster. Plus, if you're busy running, swimming or lifting weights, you'll have less time to obsess over a guy. Develop a new workout regimen of interesting exercises. Also, put together a playlist of upbeat music that helps take your mind off your crush.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a hobby.\", \"描述\": \"Distracting yourself from obsessions is easy when you have activities that you find enjoyable. Think about some hobbies or passions that you might like to pursue. Once you come up with a few, immediately make a plan to incorporate them into your routine.\\nFor example, if you want to master French cooking, enroll in a nearby class. If you want to complete a 5k, download a training schedule.\\nTo locate people in your area who share the same interests as you do, try checking a website like Meetup.com for local gatherings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fill your calendar.\", \"描述\": \"Having too much free time may be one of the reasons you keep obsessing. Get busy! Fill your days with interesting hobbies, meaningful work, and gathering with friends and you may completely stop obsessing over that guy.\\nGet in touch with some friends whom you’ve been neglecting. Make arrangements to get together for dinner or drinks.\\nYou might also start a volunteer commitment or take on more responsibilities in a club or organization to fill your calendar.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Visualize yourself clearing out obsessive thoughts.\", \"描述\": \"One technique for overcoming obsessive thoughts is by visualizing something else. Imagine that your thoughts are in a very dusty attic. Then, envision someone taking a broom and sweeping out all the dust and cobwebs that are intruding on your mind. Whenever your thoughts become obsessive, remind the person to “Sweep!”\\nIt is important to take time to relax deeply every day, so try to set aside at least 20 minutes for yourself to do that. During this time, do something that is relaxing to you, such as listening to a guided meditation or going for a walk in nature.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,133 | How to Avoid Odometer Fraud | 1. Steps
1-1. Examine the odometer for the number of miles.
Automobiles average about 12,000 miles a year. For example, if a car is 5 years old but has far fewer than 60,000 miles, the odometer may have been tampered with.
Look closely at the numbers on the odometer. Some auto makers program odometers to show an asterisk if the mileage is changed.
General Motors mechanical odometers have a black space between the numbers. If you see a white or silver space, the GM odometer probably has been changed.
1-2. Ask the seller to show you the original title, not a duplicate.
If the title is from out of state or brand new, it may be a case of title washing or title fraud, and the mileage given may be false.
Be sure to examine the title's mileage number closely and look for smudging or other tampering. The title should show the mileage in crisp type on a clean background.
1-3. Ask to see oil change and maintenance receipts and inspection stickers.
Examine the mileage on the receipts and inspection stickers and compare to the odometer. Inspection stickers can be found on door frames or windows.
1-4. Look for missing screws on or near the dashboard.
If the dashboard isn't put together perfectly, the odometer may have been tampered with.
1-5. Inspect the brake pedal and floor mats.
If either is badly worn but the odometer has low mileage, it may be a case of odometer fraud.
1-6. Take the vehicle to a mechanic and ask him to examine the car for wear and tear.
A mechanic knows what parts would be original on an older car. For example, a car's odometer may say 30,000 miles. Beware if the car has new parts that ordinarily would not be replaced until 60,000 miles. This may indicate odometer tampering.
1-7. Measure the depth of the tread on the car's tires.
If the odometer says 25,000 miles, the car should still have its original tires, with tread deeper than than 2/32 of an inch (1.5875 mm). Ask the mechanic to check tire tread with a depth gauge.
You can check tire tread depth yourself using a penny. Insert the penny into the tread upside down. If Abraham Lincoln's head is partly covered, the tire has more than 2/32 of an inch.
Tips
In the United States you can check a vehicle's history and odometer reading at vehicle history.gov, a non-profit organization established by an act of Congress.
As with pedal and carpet wear, windshield and paint pitting that seems excessive compared to the odometer mileage are also cause for concern. Of course, absence of these tells you nothing - windshields can be replaced, "bra" use or repaints, etc. But if you have a windshield that's unusable while driving into the sun, but the odometer says 40,000 miles, be suspicious.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Examine the odometer for the number of miles.\\nAutomobiles average about 12,000 miles a year. For example, if a car is 5 years old but has far fewer than 60,000 miles, the odometer may have been tampered with.\\nLook closely at the numbers on the odometer. Some auto makers program odometers to show an asterisk if the mileage is changed.\\nGeneral Motors mechanical odometers have a black space between the numbers. If you see a white or silver space, the GM odometer probably has been changed.\\n1-2. Ask the seller to show you the original title, not a duplicate.\\nIf the title is from out of state or brand new, it may be a case of title washing or title fraud, and the mileage given may be false.\\nBe sure to examine the title's mileage number closely and look for smudging or other tampering. The title should show the mileage in crisp type on a clean background.\\n1-3. Ask to see oil change and maintenance receipts and inspection stickers.\\nExamine the mileage on the receipts and inspection stickers and compare to the odometer. Inspection stickers can be found on door frames or windows.\\n1-4. Look for missing screws on or near the dashboard.\\nIf the dashboard isn't put together perfectly, the odometer may have been tampered with.\\n1-5. Inspect the brake pedal and floor mats.\\nIf either is badly worn but the odometer has low mileage, it may be a case of odometer fraud.\\n1-6. Take the vehicle to a mechanic and ask him to examine the car for wear and tear.\\nA mechanic knows what parts would be original on an older car. For example, a car's odometer may say 30,000 miles. Beware if the car has new parts that ordinarily would not be replaced until 60,000 miles. This may indicate odometer tampering.\\n1-7. Measure the depth of the tread on the car's tires.\\nIf the odometer says 25,000 miles, the car should still have its original tires, with tread deeper than than 2/32 of an inch (1.5875 mm). Ask the mechanic to check tire tread with a depth gauge.\\nYou can check tire tread depth yourself using a penny. Insert the penny into the tread upside down. If Abraham Lincoln's head is partly covered, the tire has more than 2/32 of an inch.\\nTips\\nIn the United States you can check a vehicle's history and odometer reading at vehicle history.gov, a non-profit organization established by an act of Congress.\\nAs with pedal and carpet wear, windshield and paint pitting that seems excessive compared to the odometer mileage are also cause for concern. Of course, absence of these tells you nothing - windshields can be replaced, \\\"bra\\\" use or repaints, etc. But if you have a windshield that's unusable while driving into the sun, but the odometer says 40,000 miles, be suspicious.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"People sometimes roll back rental car odometers to avoid paying mileage fees. People may also tamper with odometers when they want to make more money selling a used auto. The average rollback is about 30,000 miles (48,000 km), which may increase the sale amount by thousands of dollars. Detect and avoid odometer fraud by examining titles, maintenance records, inspection stickers, tire tread depth and vehicle parts.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Examine the odometer for the number of miles.\", \"描述\": \"Automobiles average about 12,000 miles a year. For example, if a car is 5 years old but has far fewer than 60,000 miles, the odometer may have been tampered with.\\nLook closely at the numbers on the odometer. Some auto makers program odometers to show an asterisk if the mileage is changed.\\nGeneral Motors mechanical odometers have a black space between the numbers. If you see a white or silver space, the GM odometer probably has been changed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask the seller to show you the original title, not a duplicate.\", \"描述\": \"If the title is from out of state or brand new, it may be a case of title washing or title fraud, and the mileage given may be false.\\nBe sure to examine the title's mileage number closely and look for smudging or other tampering. The title should show the mileage in crisp type on a clean background.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask to see oil change and maintenance receipts and inspection stickers.\", \"描述\": \"Examine the mileage on the receipts and inspection stickers and compare to the odometer. Inspection stickers can be found on door frames or windows.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for missing screws on or near the dashboard.\", \"描述\": \"If the dashboard isn't put together perfectly, the odometer may have been tampered with.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Inspect the brake pedal and floor mats.\", \"描述\": \"If either is badly worn but the odometer has low mileage, it may be a case of odometer fraud.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take the vehicle to a mechanic and ask him to examine the car for wear and tear.\", \"描述\": \"A mechanic knows what parts would be original on an older car. For example, a car's odometer may say 30,000 miles. Beware if the car has new parts that ordinarily would not be replaced until 60,000 miles. This may indicate odometer tampering.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Measure the depth of the tread on the car's tires.\", \"描述\": \"If the odometer says 25,000 miles, the car should still have its original tires, with tread deeper than than 2/32 of an inch (1.5875 mm). Ask the mechanic to check tire tread with a depth gauge.\\nYou can check tire tread depth yourself using a penny. Insert the penny into the tread upside down. If Abraham Lincoln's head is partly covered, the tire has more than 2/32 of an inch.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"In the United States you can check a vehicle's history and odometer reading at vehicle history.gov, a non-profit organization established by an act of Congress.\\n\", \"As with pedal and carpet wear, windshield and paint pitting that seems excessive compared to the odometer mileage are also cause for concern. Of course, absence of these tells you nothing - windshields can be replaced, \\\"bra\\\" use or repaints, etc. But if you have a windshield that's unusable while driving into the sun, but the odometer says 40,000 miles, be suspicious.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,134 | How to Avoid Offending Someone With a Strong Opinion | 1. Knowing your Audience
1-1. Keep the conversation light in a group of people you don't know.
If you are trying to make a good impression, this may not be the time to bring up your firmly held beliefs. Without the benefit of knowing the stances of those present, you run the risk of inadvertently offending someone with your strongly held opinions.
Job interviews, joining a new social group, or being introduced to a friends or coworkers family are good examples of when it's best to keep strong opinions to yourself until you know the parties better.
1-2. Share respectfully in groups of like-minded people you don't know well.
By joining a group designed to bring like-minded people together, you won't have to worry so much about whether your opinion will offend others, but be mindful of the language you use. Your choice of tone and language may affect how your message is received. While all of the members may share similar core beliefs, there is probably great variation in how members choose to express their beliefs.
You will usually only need to be extra careful in your word choice the first few meetings. After you become more comfortable with the members, you will likely fall into a natural feeling communication pattern.
1-3. Express your opinions to your friends freely, but remember you care about these people.
Friends will tolerate your strong opinions better than others. They are also very likely to argue with those opinions. This is generally a healthy exchange, but remember to always be respectful.
Neither of you will likely be greatly swayed by the argument, so you don't want to have damaged the relationship by using abusive language. Focus on using the word I, rather than you, to have an amicable disagreement.
1-4. Choose your battles wisely.
If you happen to find yourself in a group of people you know to hold strong opinions opposite of yours, you might decide to keep your opinion to yourself. You don't always have to have a say. You can choose to just be an observer.
If it is very important to you to share your opinion, even in these circumstances, consider forming a bond with a single member. You can then have a fair exchange between the two of you. If you do address the rest of the group at some later time, you'll know you have at least one supporter.
2. Recognizing when Tensions Arise
2-1. Look for clenched jaws and teeth grinding.
A common early sign someone is becoming tense is clenching the jaw tightly. Most people don't realize when they are doing it, so it's a great way for you to gauge how well your opinion is being received. If you start to see jaws tighten, dial back your rhetoric or pause so the other person can address the source of the tension.
If you start to notice you are the one becoming tense, relax your jaw. Remind yourself this is just a conversation, and there is no need to get worked up.
2-2. Check the volume.
As people get worked up, their volume tends to get progressively louder. The raised voices are usually a response to frustration from feeling like they aren't being understood. In fact, many people describe the feeling of not being understood as not being heard or not being listened to. To reduce some of the tension, bring the conversation back down to an appropriate volume. To do this you just have to lower your speaking volume. The other will naturally start to match your tone.
2-3. Measure the level of animation.
Look for increased or exaggerated expressions. Pacing, leg shaking, fist clinching, large hand movements, and foot tapping can all be signs of agitation. You'll know the person you are speaking to is not happy with your opinion as the behaviors increase or become more intense.You should take this as a sign to back off.
This is a good time to do some listening. Letting to the other person talk and helping them feel understood will dissipate the tension.
2-4. Monitor the tone of the conversation.
Another sign the conversation is getting tense is the type of language used. If you notice the communication becoming progressively more aggressive or sarcastic, it might be time to take a break. It's difficult to dial back a conversation that has reached this stage, so consider changing the topic. You can then reintroduce the subject of disagreement, when cooler heads prevail.
Avoid using sarcasm and aggressive language on your part.This will only make any perceived offense worse.
3. Being Open to Other Possibilities
3-1. Listen more than you talk.
It's tempting to monopolize the conversation when you feel passionately about a topic. Instead of giving into that urge, try just listening instead. In fact, you might notice when you feel strongly about a subject you don't listen to the other person at all; you are actually just formulating what you will say as soon as the other person pauses for a breath. Commit to understanding the other's point of view.
Try listening with the intent to be able to fully and fairly explain the other person's views. This may help you pay attention to what he or she means to convey.
3-2. Ask challenging questions, respectfully.
It is perfectly acceptable to ask challenging questions of someone who shares an opinion than your own, but understand the intent is to better understand their position, and not to win an argument. The goal of conversation should be to share ideas and experience; it shouldn't be about winning.
Encourage others to ask you challenging questions as well. This will help clarify your belief for yourself, as well as others.
3-3. Acknowledge that there may be more than one right answer.
Your way may not be the wrong way, but it probably isn't the only way either. Be open to exploring other possibilities, or at least to the possibility you may both be wrong.
To really get in the spirit of this, you can try switching sides and expressing each other's opinion. This will give you a better understand of both parties' beliefs.
4. Avoiding Offending Others who have Strong Opinions
4-1. Avoid controversial triggers.
If you know someone to have a strong opinion about a particular subject, it may be best to avoid the topic. You can avoid a topic by simply not bringing it up, or politely excusing yourself if someone else broaches the subject. You might find a sudden urge to use the restroom or need to take a call outside.
If you've only just met a person but suspect he or she is highly opinionated consider avoiding religion and politics. Both subjects are highly controversial, so it's a pretty good bet the person has strong opinions about one or both.
4-2. Listen and demonstrate respect for the beliefs of others.
If you find yourself in a conversation with someone who feels very strongly about the topic, treat his or her beliefs respectfully. It's okay to question the beliefs and opinions of others. Discussing controversial topics can actually make the involved parties more similar to each other, causing small changes in one another's thinking. However, using strong language or sarcasm, can further polarize both parties. Ask questions about why the person feels the way he or she does and about alternatives to his or her opinion.
Avoid making offensive or generally negative statements, like "it would be stupid to…" or "only an idiot would…" These kinds of statements are sure to incite someone with who obviously feels differently than you do.
4-3. Transition to a less controversial topic.
Politely interrupt the conversations and divert attention to a new topic. You might start with a brief apology for interrupting and then make a statement or ask a question about an unrelated topic.
Flattery is a great way to decrease the intensity of a person discussing a topic passionately. Try saying "I'm sorry to interrupt you, but I just noticed your shoes are fantastic. Where did you get them?"
Tips
It is important to have an opinion, but more important to be well informed.
Warnings
Don't share your opinion for the sake of it.
Avoid using alcohol, as it may reduce inhibition and result in regret.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:19",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Knowing your Audience\\n1-1. Keep the conversation light in a group of people you don't know.\\nIf you are trying to make a good impression, this may not be the time to bring up your firmly held beliefs. Without the benefit of knowing the stances of those present, you run the risk of inadvertently offending someone with your strongly held opinions.\\nJob interviews, joining a new social group, or being introduced to a friends or coworkers family are good examples of when it's best to keep strong opinions to yourself until you know the parties better.\\n1-2. Share respectfully in groups of like-minded people you don't know well.\\nBy joining a group designed to bring like-minded people together, you won't have to worry so much about whether your opinion will offend others, but be mindful of the language you use. Your choice of tone and language may affect how your message is received. While all of the members may share similar core beliefs, there is probably great variation in how members choose to express their beliefs.\\nYou will usually only need to be extra careful in your word choice the first few meetings. After you become more comfortable with the members, you will likely fall into a natural feeling communication pattern.\\n1-3. Express your opinions to your friends freely, but remember you care about these people.\\nFriends will tolerate your strong opinions better than others. They are also very likely to argue with those opinions. This is generally a healthy exchange, but remember to always be respectful.\\nNeither of you will likely be greatly swayed by the argument, so you don't want to have damaged the relationship by using abusive language. Focus on using the word I, rather than you, to have an amicable disagreement.\\n1-4. Choose your battles wisely.\\nIf you happen to find yourself in a group of people you know to hold strong opinions opposite of yours, you might decide to keep your opinion to yourself. You don't always have to have a say. You can choose to just be an observer.\\nIf it is very important to you to share your opinion, even in these circumstances, consider forming a bond with a single member. You can then have a fair exchange between the two of you. If you do address the rest of the group at some later time, you'll know you have at least one supporter.\\n2. Recognizing when Tensions Arise\\n2-1. Look for clenched jaws and teeth grinding.\\nA common early sign someone is becoming tense is clenching the jaw tightly. Most people don't realize when they are doing it, so it's a great way for you to gauge how well your opinion is being received. If you start to see jaws tighten, dial back your rhetoric or pause so the other person can address the source of the tension.\\nIf you start to notice you are the one becoming tense, relax your jaw. Remind yourself this is just a conversation, and there is no need to get worked up.\\n2-2. Check the volume.\\nAs people get worked up, their volume tends to get progressively louder. The raised voices are usually a response to frustration from feeling like they aren't being understood. In fact, many people describe the feeling of not being understood as not being heard or not being listened to. To reduce some of the tension, bring the conversation back down to an appropriate volume. To do this you just have to lower your speaking volume. The other will naturally start to match your tone.\\n2-3. Measure the level of animation.\\nLook for increased or exaggerated expressions. Pacing, leg shaking, fist clinching, large hand movements, and foot tapping can all be signs of agitation. You'll know the person you are speaking to is not happy with your opinion as the behaviors increase or become more intense.You should take this as a sign to back off.\\nThis is a good time to do some listening. Letting to the other person talk and helping them feel understood will dissipate the tension.\\n2-4. Monitor the tone of the conversation.\\nAnother sign the conversation is getting tense is the type of language used. If you notice the communication becoming progressively more aggressive or sarcastic, it might be time to take a break. It's difficult to dial back a conversation that has reached this stage, so consider changing the topic. You can then reintroduce the subject of disagreement, when cooler heads prevail.\\nAvoid using sarcasm and aggressive language on your part.This will only make any perceived offense worse.\\n3. Being Open to Other Possibilities\\n3-1. Listen more than you talk.\\nIt's tempting to monopolize the conversation when you feel passionately about a topic. Instead of giving into that urge, try just listening instead. In fact, you might notice when you feel strongly about a subject you don't listen to the other person at all; you are actually just formulating what you will say as soon as the other person pauses for a breath. Commit to understanding the other's point of view.\\nTry listening with the intent to be able to fully and fairly explain the other person's views. This may help you pay attention to what he or she means to convey.\\n3-2. Ask challenging questions, respectfully.\\nIt is perfectly acceptable to ask challenging questions of someone who shares an opinion than your own, but understand the intent is to better understand their position, and not to win an argument. The goal of conversation should be to share ideas and experience; it shouldn't be about winning.\\nEncourage others to ask you challenging questions as well. This will help clarify your belief for yourself, as well as others.\\n3-3. Acknowledge that there may be more than one right answer.\\nYour way may not be the wrong way, but it probably isn't the only way either. Be open to exploring other possibilities, or at least to the possibility you may both be wrong.\\nTo really get in the spirit of this, you can try switching sides and expressing each other's opinion. This will give you a better understand of both parties' beliefs.\\n4. Avoiding Offending Others who have Strong Opinions\\n4-1. Avoid controversial triggers.\\nIf you know someone to have a strong opinion about a particular subject, it may be best to avoid the topic. You can avoid a topic by simply not bringing it up, or politely excusing yourself if someone else broaches the subject. You might find a sudden urge to use the restroom or need to take a call outside.\\nIf you've only just met a person but suspect he or she is highly opinionated consider avoiding religion and politics. Both subjects are highly controversial, so it's a pretty good bet the person has strong opinions about one or both.\\n4-2. Listen and demonstrate respect for the beliefs of others.\\nIf you find yourself in a conversation with someone who feels very strongly about the topic, treat his or her beliefs respectfully. It's okay to question the beliefs and opinions of others. Discussing controversial topics can actually make the involved parties more similar to each other, causing small changes in one another's thinking. However, using strong language or sarcasm, can further polarize both parties. Ask questions about why the person feels the way he or she does and about alternatives to his or her opinion.\\nAvoid making offensive or generally negative statements, like \\\"it would be stupid to…\\\" or \\\"only an idiot would…\\\" These kinds of statements are sure to incite someone with who obviously feels differently than you do.\\n4-3. Transition to a less controversial topic.\\nPolitely interrupt the conversations and divert attention to a new topic. You might start with a brief apology for interrupting and then make a statement or ask a question about an unrelated topic.\\nFlattery is a great way to decrease the intensity of a person discussing a topic passionately. Try saying \\\"I'm sorry to interrupt you, but I just noticed your shoes are fantastic. Where did you get them?\\\"\\nTips\\nIt is important to have an opinion, but more important to be well informed.\\nWarnings\\nDon't share your opinion for the sake of it.\\nAvoid using alcohol, as it may reduce inhibition and result in regret.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Speaking passionately about some topics can cause offense to others inadvertently. It's great to have some strong opinions. It shows you care deeply, but it can sometimes blind you to the feelings and experiences of others. To reduce the chance of upsetting others in your zeal, consider who you are sharing your opinion with to communicate most effectively. Be aware of signs of tension, so you can respond appropriately and consider whether your opinions even need to be shared.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Knowing your Audience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep the conversation light in a group of people you don't know.\", \"描述\": \"If you are trying to make a good impression, this may not be the time to bring up your firmly held beliefs. Without the benefit of knowing the stances of those present, you run the risk of inadvertently offending someone with your strongly held opinions.\\nJob interviews, joining a new social group, or being introduced to a friends or coworkers family are good examples of when it's best to keep strong opinions to yourself until you know the parties better.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Share respectfully in groups of like-minded people you don't know well.\", \"描述\": \"By joining a group designed to bring like-minded people together, you won't have to worry so much about whether your opinion will offend others, but be mindful of the language you use. Your choice of tone and language may affect how your message is received. While all of the members may share similar core beliefs, there is probably great variation in how members choose to express their beliefs.\\nYou will usually only need to be extra careful in your word choice the first few meetings. After you become more comfortable with the members, you will likely fall into a natural feeling communication pattern.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Express your opinions to your friends freely, but remember you care about these people.\", \"描述\": \"Friends will tolerate your strong opinions better than others. They are also very likely to argue with those opinions. This is generally a healthy exchange, but remember to always be respectful.\\nNeither of you will likely be greatly swayed by the argument, so you don't want to have damaged the relationship by using abusive language. Focus on using the word I, rather than you, to have an amicable disagreement.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose your battles wisely.\", \"描述\": \"If you happen to find yourself in a group of people you know to hold strong opinions opposite of yours, you might decide to keep your opinion to yourself. You don't always have to have a say. You can choose to just be an observer.\\nIf it is very important to you to share your opinion, even in these circumstances, consider forming a bond with a single member. You can then have a fair exchange between the two of you. If you do address the rest of the group at some later time, you'll know you have at least one supporter.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Recognizing when Tensions Arise\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for clenched jaws and teeth grinding.\", \"描述\": \"A common early sign someone is becoming tense is clenching the jaw tightly. Most people don't realize when they are doing it, so it's a great way for you to gauge how well your opinion is being received. If you start to see jaws tighten, dial back your rhetoric or pause so the other person can address the source of the tension.\\nIf you start to notice you are the one becoming tense, relax your jaw. Remind yourself this is just a conversation, and there is no need to get worked up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check the volume.\", \"描述\": \"As people get worked up, their volume tends to get progressively louder. The raised voices are usually a response to frustration from feeling like they aren't being understood. In fact, many people describe the feeling of not being understood as not being heard or not being listened to. To reduce some of the tension, bring the conversation back down to an appropriate volume. To do this you just have to lower your speaking volume. The other will naturally start to match your tone.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Measure the level of animation.\", \"描述\": \"Look for increased or exaggerated expressions. Pacing, leg shaking, fist clinching, large hand movements, and foot tapping can all be signs of agitation. You'll know the person you are speaking to is not happy with your opinion as the behaviors increase or become more intense.You should take this as a sign to back off.\\nThis is a good time to do some listening. Letting to the other person talk and helping them feel understood will dissipate the tension.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Monitor the tone of the conversation.\", \"描述\": \"Another sign the conversation is getting tense is the type of language used. If you notice the communication becoming progressively more aggressive or sarcastic, it might be time to take a break. It's difficult to dial back a conversation that has reached this stage, so consider changing the topic. You can then reintroduce the subject of disagreement, when cooler heads prevail.\\nAvoid using sarcasm and aggressive language on your part.This will only make any perceived offense worse.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Being Open to Other Possibilities\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Listen more than you talk.\", \"描述\": \"It's tempting to monopolize the conversation when you feel passionately about a topic. Instead of giving into that urge, try just listening instead. In fact, you might notice when you feel strongly about a subject you don't listen to the other person at all; you are actually just formulating what you will say as soon as the other person pauses for a breath. Commit to understanding the other's point of view.\\nTry listening with the intent to be able to fully and fairly explain the other person's views. This may help you pay attention to what he or she means to convey.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask challenging questions, respectfully.\", \"描述\": \"It is perfectly acceptable to ask challenging questions of someone who shares an opinion than your own, but understand the intent is to better understand their position, and not to win an argument. The goal of conversation should be to share ideas and experience; it shouldn't be about winning.\\nEncourage others to ask you challenging questions as well. This will help clarify your belief for yourself, as well as others.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acknowledge that there may be more than one right answer.\", \"描述\": \"Your way may not be the wrong way, but it probably isn't the only way either. Be open to exploring other possibilities, or at least to the possibility you may both be wrong.\\nTo really get in the spirit of this, you can try switching sides and expressing each other's opinion. This will give you a better understand of both parties' beliefs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Offending Others who have Strong Opinions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid controversial triggers.\", \"描述\": \"If you know someone to have a strong opinion about a particular subject, it may be best to avoid the topic. You can avoid a topic by simply not bringing it up, or politely excusing yourself if someone else broaches the subject. You might find a sudden urge to use the restroom or need to take a call outside.\\nIf you've only just met a person but suspect he or she is highly opinionated consider avoiding religion and politics. Both subjects are highly controversial, so it's a pretty good bet the person has strong opinions about one or both.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Listen and demonstrate respect for the beliefs of others.\", \"描述\": \"If you find yourself in a conversation with someone who feels very strongly about the topic, treat his or her beliefs respectfully. It's okay to question the beliefs and opinions of others. Discussing controversial topics can actually make the involved parties more similar to each other, causing small changes in one another's thinking. However, using strong language or sarcasm, can further polarize both parties. Ask questions about why the person feels the way he or she does and about alternatives to his or her opinion.\\nAvoid making offensive or generally negative statements, like \\\"it would be stupid to…\\\" or \\\"only an idiot would…\\\" These kinds of statements are sure to incite someone with who obviously feels differently than you do.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Transition to a less controversial topic.\", \"描述\": \"Politely interrupt the conversations and divert attention to a new topic. You might start with a brief apology for interrupting and then make a statement or ask a question about an unrelated topic.\\nFlattery is a great way to decrease the intensity of a person discussing a topic passionately. Try saying \\\"I'm sorry to interrupt you, but I just noticed your shoes are fantastic. Where did you get them?\\\"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It is important to have an opinion, but more important to be well informed.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't share your opinion for the sake of it.\\n\", \"Avoid using alcohol, as it may reduce inhibition and result in regret.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,135 | How to Avoid Oil Splatter when Frying | 1. General Frying Tips
1-1. Dry off your ingredients ahead of time.
As water lands in the oil and evaporates, it expands into a bunch of tiny droplets, which leads to the splattering effect we all know and dread. For extra protection, blot your ingredients dry with a paper towel or cloth before you start cooking.
1-2. Place a splatter shield or screen over your cooking surface.
Splatter screens are perforated sections of metal that go over your pan as you cook. Vapors from your ingredients can evaporate through the openings on the screen, but the actual oil will stay put within the pan.
You can find splatter screens at most home goods stores.
1-3. Don’t use too much oil when you cook.
When deep-frying, fill your frying pot ⅔ of the way full with oil. The same concept applies when you pan-fry—pour in just enough oil to cover the bottom half of your ingredients, instead of filling up the pan.
2. Pan-Frying
2-1. Pick a tall, wide frying pan for your foods.
Refrain from using shallow pans for your pan-frying recipes. Instead, grab cookware that’s big enough to fit your ingredients and also has tall sides going all around the pan. A taller pan is less likely to splatter!
2-2. Choose high-quality stainless steel or cast iron pan.
Cheap, stainless steel pans don’t always spread heat evenly—this can create hot spots on your pan, which leads to extra splattering. Instead, grab high-quality stainless steel or cast iron pan, which has decent heat distribution.
When heated up slowly, cast iron cookware has good heat distribution.
2-3. Add a pinch of salt to the bottom of the pan.
After pouring oil into your pan, sprinkle a few pinches of salt on top. The salt helps prevent the oil from spraying around as you cook.
Salt soaks up some of the moisture in your food, which helps prevent oil splatter. You can also use flour for this!
2-4. Place the food gently into the pan.
Try not to drop the ingredients—this can lead to extra splatter. While the food is cooking, use tongs or a wire skimmer to flip the food without splattering yourself in the process.
2-5. Cut meat into thin slices before frying it.
Thinner cuts of meat are less likely to splatter. If you’re working with a thicker piece of meat, sear it before frying.
You can cut the meat into thin strips, or compress it with a mallet.
3. Deep-Frying
3-1. Pick out a deep pot to cook your food.
Grab a stockpot or deep fryer that’s big enough to hold your ingredients. Measure from the very top of the pot—to reduce the risk of splatter, there should be at least 4 in (10 cm) of space between the surface of the oil and the brim of the pot.
Woks are another great option if you’d like to deep fry your ingredients.
Stainless steel, aluminium, copper, and cast iron are great cookware materials.
3-2. Place your food in mesh frying baskets.
Then, deep-fry your ingredients by slowly and carefully submerging the basket in the hot oil. Always put the food in the basket before frying, so no extra oil splatters over the edges.
Don’t drop your food into the pan or fryer. When deep-frying, dip the ingredients into the oil with a slotted spoon or pair of tongs.
You only need frying baskets when you deep-fry. Pan-frying doesn’t need a lot of extra equipment!
3-3. Deep-fry your food twice to prevent extra splattering.
Set your frying oil to 300 °F (149 °C), and let your ingredients fry until they’re golden brown. Then, remove the cooked ingredients and pat them dry with a paper towel. Reheat the oil so it’s 350 °F (177 °C), and cook the food until it looks nice and crispy.
3-4. Avoid adding extra food to the frying basket.
Let your first batch of food cook all the way through. If you add extra ingredients while your original food is still cooking, you could get burned by oil droplets splashing up.
Tips
Wear long sleeves when you plan on frying food.[21]
X
Research source
Place an upside-down cooking tray on any burners you aren’t using—this helps make clean-up a lot easier.[22]
X
Research source
Warnings
Don’t overheat the oil when you fry! Keep your deep-frying oil between 325 and 375 °F (163 and 191 °C).[23]
X
Research source
When pan-frying, set your stovetop to medium or medium-high heat, depending on the recipe’s suggestion.[24]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. General Frying Tips\\n1-1. Dry off your ingredients ahead of time.\\nAs water lands in the oil and evaporates, it expands into a bunch of tiny droplets, which leads to the splattering effect we all know and dread. For extra protection, blot your ingredients dry with a paper towel or cloth before you start cooking.\\n1-2. Place a splatter shield or screen over your cooking surface.\\nSplatter screens are perforated sections of metal that go over your pan as you cook. Vapors from your ingredients can evaporate through the openings on the screen, but the actual oil will stay put within the pan.\\nYou can find splatter screens at most home goods stores.\\n1-3. Don’t use too much oil when you cook.\\nWhen deep-frying, fill your frying pot ⅔ of the way full with oil. The same concept applies when you pan-fry—pour in just enough oil to cover the bottom half of your ingredients, instead of filling up the pan.\\n2. Pan-Frying\\n2-1. Pick a tall, wide frying pan for your foods.\\nRefrain from using shallow pans for your pan-frying recipes. Instead, grab cookware that’s big enough to fit your ingredients and also has tall sides going all around the pan. A taller pan is less likely to splatter!\\n2-2. Choose high-quality stainless steel or cast iron pan.\\nCheap, stainless steel pans don’t always spread heat evenly—this can create hot spots on your pan, which leads to extra splattering. Instead, grab high-quality stainless steel or cast iron pan, which has decent heat distribution.\\nWhen heated up slowly, cast iron cookware has good heat distribution.\\n2-3. Add a pinch of salt to the bottom of the pan.\\nAfter pouring oil into your pan, sprinkle a few pinches of salt on top. The salt helps prevent the oil from spraying around as you cook.\\nSalt soaks up some of the moisture in your food, which helps prevent oil splatter. You can also use flour for this!\\n2-4. Place the food gently into the pan.\\nTry not to drop the ingredients—this can lead to extra splatter. While the food is cooking, use tongs or a wire skimmer to flip the food without splattering yourself in the process.\\n2-5. Cut meat into thin slices before frying it.\\nThinner cuts of meat are less likely to splatter. If you’re working with a thicker piece of meat, sear it before frying.\\nYou can cut the meat into thin strips, or compress it with a mallet.\\n3. Deep-Frying\\n3-1. Pick out a deep pot to cook your food.\\nGrab a stockpot or deep fryer that’s big enough to hold your ingredients. Measure from the very top of the pot—to reduce the risk of splatter, there should be at least 4 in (10 cm) of space between the surface of the oil and the brim of the pot.\\nWoks are another great option if you’d like to deep fry your ingredients.\\nStainless steel, aluminium, copper, and cast iron are great cookware materials.\\n3-2. Place your food in mesh frying baskets.\\nThen, deep-fry your ingredients by slowly and carefully submerging the basket in the hot oil. Always put the food in the basket before frying, so no extra oil splatters over the edges.\\nDon’t drop your food into the pan or fryer. When deep-frying, dip the ingredients into the oil with a slotted spoon or pair of tongs.\\nYou only need frying baskets when you deep-fry. Pan-frying doesn’t need a lot of extra equipment!\\n3-3. Deep-fry your food twice to prevent extra splattering.\\nSet your frying oil to 300 °F (149 °C), and let your ingredients fry until they’re golden brown. Then, remove the cooked ingredients and pat them dry with a paper towel. Reheat the oil so it’s 350 °F (177 °C), and cook the food until it looks nice and crispy.\\n3-4. Avoid adding extra food to the frying basket.\\nLet your first batch of food cook all the way through. If you add extra ingredients while your original food is still cooking, you could get burned by oil droplets splashing up.\\nTips\\nWear long sleeves when you plan on frying food.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nPlace an upside-down cooking tray on any burners you aren’t using—this helps make clean-up a lot easier.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nDon’t overheat the oil when you fry! Keep your deep-frying oil between 325 and 375 °F (163 and 191 °C).[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n When pan-frying, set your stovetop to medium or medium-high heat, depending on the recipe’s suggestion.[24]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Fried food may taste delicious, but the oil splatter you experience along the way isn’t quite as pleasant. Believe it or not, the dreaded splattering effect typically happens when water droplets from your food touch the hot oil. Not to worry—with the right cookware and some extra precautions, you can say goodbye to oil splatter once and for all!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"General Frying Tips\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dry off your ingredients ahead of time.\", \"描述\": \"As water lands in the oil and evaporates, it expands into a bunch of tiny droplets, which leads to the splattering effect we all know and dread. For extra protection, blot your ingredients dry with a paper towel or cloth before you start cooking.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place a splatter shield or screen over your cooking surface.\", \"描述\": \"Splatter screens are perforated sections of metal that go over your pan as you cook. Vapors from your ingredients can evaporate through the openings on the screen, but the actual oil will stay put within the pan.\\nYou can find splatter screens at most home goods stores.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t use too much oil when you cook.\", \"描述\": \"When deep-frying, fill your frying pot ⅔ of the way full with oil. The same concept applies when you pan-fry—pour in just enough oil to cover the bottom half of your ingredients, instead of filling up the pan.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pan-Frying\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pick a tall, wide frying pan for your foods.\", \"描述\": \"Refrain from using shallow pans for your pan-frying recipes. Instead, grab cookware that’s big enough to fit your ingredients and also has tall sides going all around the pan. A taller pan is less likely to splatter!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose high-quality stainless steel or cast iron pan.\", \"描述\": \"Cheap, stainless steel pans don’t always spread heat evenly—this can create hot spots on your pan, which leads to extra splattering. Instead, grab high-quality stainless steel or cast iron pan, which has decent heat distribution.\\nWhen heated up slowly, cast iron cookware has good heat distribution.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add a pinch of salt to the bottom of the pan.\", \"描述\": \"After pouring oil into your pan, sprinkle a few pinches of salt on top. The salt helps prevent the oil from spraying around as you cook.\\nSalt soaks up some of the moisture in your food, which helps prevent oil splatter. You can also use flour for this!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Place the food gently into the pan.\", \"描述\": \"Try not to drop the ingredients—this can lead to extra splatter. While the food is cooking, use tongs or a wire skimmer to flip the food without splattering yourself in the process.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Cut meat into thin slices before frying it.\", \"描述\": \"Thinner cuts of meat are less likely to splatter. If you’re working with a thicker piece of meat, sear it before frying.\\nYou can cut the meat into thin strips, or compress it with a mallet.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Deep-Frying\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pick out a deep pot to cook your food.\", \"描述\": \"Grab a stockpot or deep fryer that’s big enough to hold your ingredients. Measure from the very top of the pot—to reduce the risk of splatter, there should be at least 4 in (10 cm) of space between the surface of the oil and the brim of the pot.\\nWoks are another great option if you’d like to deep fry your ingredients.\\nStainless steel, aluminium, copper, and cast iron are great cookware materials.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place your food in mesh frying baskets.\", \"描述\": \"Then, deep-fry your ingredients by slowly and carefully submerging the basket in the hot oil. Always put the food in the basket before frying, so no extra oil splatters over the edges.\\nDon’t drop your food into the pan or fryer. When deep-frying, dip the ingredients into the oil with a slotted spoon or pair of tongs.\\nYou only need frying baskets when you deep-fry. Pan-frying doesn’t need a lot of extra equipment!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Deep-fry your food twice to prevent extra splattering.\", \"描述\": \"Set your frying oil to 300 °F (149 °C), and let your ingredients fry until they’re golden brown. Then, remove the cooked ingredients and pat them dry with a paper towel. Reheat the oil so it’s 350 °F (177 °C), and cook the food until it looks nice and crispy.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid adding extra food to the frying basket.\", \"描述\": \"Let your first batch of food cook all the way through. If you add extra ingredients while your original food is still cooking, you could get burned by oil droplets splashing up.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Wear long sleeves when you plan on frying food.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Place an upside-down cooking tray on any burners you aren’t using—this helps make clean-up a lot easier.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don’t overheat the oil when you fry! Keep your deep-frying oil between 325 and 375 °F (163 and 191 °C).[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n When pan-frying, set your stovetop to medium or medium-high heat, depending on the recipe’s suggestion.[24]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,136 | How to Avoid Orange Foundation | 1. Adjusting Your Foundation Shade and Type
1-1. Try a lighter foundation shade.
If you notice your foundation turns an unpleasant shade of orange whenever you use it, you may want to try going one to two shades lighter than your normal shade. Sometimes, using a lighter shade can make your foundation appear less dark and make any oxidation less noticeable on your skin. The lighter shade will help to counteract the appearance of an orange tinge on your skin, even if oxidation does occur.
You may try using a foundation that is one shade lighter than your normal shade in the same brand or switch to a brand that has a wider variety of shades. Make sure you test the foundation properly on your face to ensure the shade is not too light and will still blend well into your skin.
1-2. Avoid foundations that contain SPF.
Foundation with SPF is made of ingredients like zinc and titanium. These ingredients can then interact with the color products in the foundation, leading to a change in the shade color.
You may opt for a foundation that does not contain SPF so you can avoid a reaction on your face that can lead to an orange tinge. Instead, you may invest in a setting powder that contains SPF so your skin is still protected from the sun but it is not at risk of turning orange.
1-3. Test the foundation before you use it.
You should always test makeup on your skin before you commit to using it full time. You may try wearing a small patch of the foundation on the side of your face for a few hours to make sure it does not react with your skin and create an orange tinge. Or you may apply a full face of foundation and test it out at home for a few hours to ensure the shade does not change color.
You should test out all of your makeup products, from foundation to primer to eyeshadow, before you commit to using them on a day to day basis. This will ensure your skin does not have a negative reaction to any of the products.
2. Applying Your Foundation Properly
2-1. Use a mattifying primer.
If you have oily skin, you may be more susceptible to ending up with orange looking foundation. This is because the oils in your skin can interact with the foundation and change the shade. You can counteract excess oil on your skin by using a mattifying primer on your face before you apply foundation.
Use a clean makeup brush to apply the mattifying primer on clean, exfoliated skin. This will ensure your foundation goes on smooth and is less likely to change shades.
2-2. Make sure your face is dry before you apply foundation.
It is also important that you let each product you use dry well on your face before layering or adding more product to it. Having excess moisture on your face can cause your skin to react with your foundation and lead to a change in the foundation shade.
Once you apply a makeup primer or a face moisturizer, let the product dry. Use your fingers to lightly touch your face to make sure the product has dried before you apply any foundation.
You can also use blotting paper or a clean tissue to lightly dab away any excess moisture on your face, particularly on your T-zone area. This would be your forehead, your nose, and your chin.
2-3. Dab on the foundation.
Always apply your foundation properly and evenly so it appears fresh and clean on your face. Dabbing the foundation on with clean fingertips or using a clean makeup brush to stipple on the foundation will ensure it dries properly. It can also help to reduce the likelihood of the foundation appearing cakey, thick, or orange.
Try to apply one even layer of the foundation by dabbing or stippling it onto your skin. Blend the foundation in with clean fingers or a clean makeup sponge. Never sweep, rub, or smear on the foundation.
2-4. Go for a setting powder that matches your foundation.
You can try using a setting powder to help keep your foundation looking fresh and to avoid an orange tinge later on. Look for a setting powder that is the same brand as your foundation, as this will ensure the two products will react well with each other. Using a setting powder made by a different brand can lead to a negative reaction on your skin and oxidization, which can lead to an orange look.
Check that your foundation is dry before you apply setting powder. Use a clean makeup brush to apply the setting powder and make sure the setting powder sits on your skin in one, even layer.
3. Maintaining Your Foundation
3-1. Use blotting papers on any oily areas.
You can maintain your foundation throughout the day or night by keeping blotting papers with you. Check your foundation periodically and use the blotting papers to remove any oily areas on your skin. Removing excess oil can help to prevent oxidization and keep your foundation shade from changing color.
Always dab at any oily areas with the blotting papers or a clean tissue. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing any oily areas, as this will only ruin your foundation and can lead to breakouts or irritation on your skin.
3-2. Moisturize your skin.
You should make sure your skin is hydrated so it does not become dry or flaky. Use a water-based moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated, especially if you have oily skin. Try to get into the habit of applying moisturizer in the morning and at night so your skin stays hydrated.
Skin that is dehydrated can end up producing too much oil, leading to oily skin. Oily skin can then cause a reaction with foundation that can lead to a change in the shade.
3-3. Switch foundations if it continues to turn orange.
If you notice that your foundation continues to appear orange despite adjusting your foundation shade or type, you may need to switch to a different brand. Try several different brands to find the one that is right for you.
Finding the right foundation for your skin can be tricky, so do not be afraid to ask a salesperson for help. You may also want to ask for samples of different foundations and test them all out to find the right brand and shade for your skin type.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adjusting Your Foundation Shade and Type\\n1-1. Try a lighter foundation shade.\\nIf you notice your foundation turns an unpleasant shade of orange whenever you use it, you may want to try going one to two shades lighter than your normal shade. Sometimes, using a lighter shade can make your foundation appear less dark and make any oxidation less noticeable on your skin. The lighter shade will help to counteract the appearance of an orange tinge on your skin, even if oxidation does occur.\\nYou may try using a foundation that is one shade lighter than your normal shade in the same brand or switch to a brand that has a wider variety of shades. Make sure you test the foundation properly on your face to ensure the shade is not too light and will still blend well into your skin.\\n1-2. Avoid foundations that contain SPF.\\nFoundation with SPF is made of ingredients like zinc and titanium. These ingredients can then interact with the color products in the foundation, leading to a change in the shade color.\\nYou may opt for a foundation that does not contain SPF so you can avoid a reaction on your face that can lead to an orange tinge. Instead, you may invest in a setting powder that contains SPF so your skin is still protected from the sun but it is not at risk of turning orange.\\n1-3. Test the foundation before you use it.\\nYou should always test makeup on your skin before you commit to using it full time. You may try wearing a small patch of the foundation on the side of your face for a few hours to make sure it does not react with your skin and create an orange tinge. Or you may apply a full face of foundation and test it out at home for a few hours to ensure the shade does not change color.\\nYou should test out all of your makeup products, from foundation to primer to eyeshadow, before you commit to using them on a day to day basis. This will ensure your skin does not have a negative reaction to any of the products.\\n2. Applying Your Foundation Properly\\n2-1. Use a mattifying primer.\\nIf you have oily skin, you may be more susceptible to ending up with orange looking foundation. This is because the oils in your skin can interact with the foundation and change the shade. You can counteract excess oil on your skin by using a mattifying primer on your face before you apply foundation.\\nUse a clean makeup brush to apply the mattifying primer on clean, exfoliated skin. This will ensure your foundation goes on smooth and is less likely to change shades.\\n2-2. Make sure your face is dry before you apply foundation.\\nIt is also important that you let each product you use dry well on your face before layering or adding more product to it. Having excess moisture on your face can cause your skin to react with your foundation and lead to a change in the foundation shade.\\nOnce you apply a makeup primer or a face moisturizer, let the product dry. Use your fingers to lightly touch your face to make sure the product has dried before you apply any foundation.\\nYou can also use blotting paper or a clean tissue to lightly dab away any excess moisture on your face, particularly on your T-zone area. This would be your forehead, your nose, and your chin.\\n2-3. Dab on the foundation.\\nAlways apply your foundation properly and evenly so it appears fresh and clean on your face. Dabbing the foundation on with clean fingertips or using a clean makeup brush to stipple on the foundation will ensure it dries properly. It can also help to reduce the likelihood of the foundation appearing cakey, thick, or orange.\\nTry to apply one even layer of the foundation by dabbing or stippling it onto your skin. Blend the foundation in with clean fingers or a clean makeup sponge. Never sweep, rub, or smear on the foundation.\\n2-4. Go for a setting powder that matches your foundation.\\nYou can try using a setting powder to help keep your foundation looking fresh and to avoid an orange tinge later on. Look for a setting powder that is the same brand as your foundation, as this will ensure the two products will react well with each other. Using a setting powder made by a different brand can lead to a negative reaction on your skin and oxidization, which can lead to an orange look.\\nCheck that your foundation is dry before you apply setting powder. Use a clean makeup brush to apply the setting powder and make sure the setting powder sits on your skin in one, even layer.\\n3. Maintaining Your Foundation\\n3-1. Use blotting papers on any oily areas.\\nYou can maintain your foundation throughout the day or night by keeping blotting papers with you. Check your foundation periodically and use the blotting papers to remove any oily areas on your skin. Removing excess oil can help to prevent oxidization and keep your foundation shade from changing color.\\nAlways dab at any oily areas with the blotting papers or a clean tissue. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing any oily areas, as this will only ruin your foundation and can lead to breakouts or irritation on your skin.\\n3-2. Moisturize your skin.\\nYou should make sure your skin is hydrated so it does not become dry or flaky. Use a water-based moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated, especially if you have oily skin. Try to get into the habit of applying moisturizer in the morning and at night so your skin stays hydrated.\\nSkin that is dehydrated can end up producing too much oil, leading to oily skin. Oily skin can then cause a reaction with foundation that can lead to a change in the shade.\\n3-3. Switch foundations if it continues to turn orange.\\nIf you notice that your foundation continues to appear orange despite adjusting your foundation shade or type, you may need to switch to a different brand. Try several different brands to find the one that is right for you.\\nFinding the right foundation for your skin can be tricky, so do not be afraid to ask a salesperson for help. You may also want to ask for samples of different foundations and test them all out to find the right brand and shade for your skin type.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You may struggle to keep your foundation looking effortless and natural throughout the day, especially when it has a tendency to turn a sudden shade of orange. Orange looking foundation is often caused by a reaction between your skin and the chemicals in the foundation. This can lead to oxidation, which can then create an orange looking hue on your skin. You can counteract orange looking foundation by adjusting your foundation shade and by applying your foundation properly. You can also make sure you maintain your foundation throughout the day so it looks fresh and natural.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adjusting Your Foundation Shade and Type\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try a lighter foundation shade.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice your foundation turns an unpleasant shade of orange whenever you use it, you may want to try going one to two shades lighter than your normal shade. Sometimes, using a lighter shade can make your foundation appear less dark and make any oxidation less noticeable on your skin. The lighter shade will help to counteract the appearance of an orange tinge on your skin, even if oxidation does occur.\\nYou may try using a foundation that is one shade lighter than your normal shade in the same brand or switch to a brand that has a wider variety of shades. Make sure you test the foundation properly on your face to ensure the shade is not too light and will still blend well into your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid foundations that contain SPF.\", \"描述\": \"Foundation with SPF is made of ingredients like zinc and titanium. These ingredients can then interact with the color products in the foundation, leading to a change in the shade color.\\nYou may opt for a foundation that does not contain SPF so you can avoid a reaction on your face that can lead to an orange tinge. Instead, you may invest in a setting powder that contains SPF so your skin is still protected from the sun but it is not at risk of turning orange.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Test the foundation before you use it.\", \"描述\": \"You should always test makeup on your skin before you commit to using it full time. You may try wearing a small patch of the foundation on the side of your face for a few hours to make sure it does not react with your skin and create an orange tinge. Or you may apply a full face of foundation and test it out at home for a few hours to ensure the shade does not change color.\\nYou should test out all of your makeup products, from foundation to primer to eyeshadow, before you commit to using them on a day to day basis. This will ensure your skin does not have a negative reaction to any of the products.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying Your Foundation Properly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a mattifying primer.\", \"描述\": \"If you have oily skin, you may be more susceptible to ending up with orange looking foundation. This is because the oils in your skin can interact with the foundation and change the shade. You can counteract excess oil on your skin by using a mattifying primer on your face before you apply foundation.\\nUse a clean makeup brush to apply the mattifying primer on clean, exfoliated skin. This will ensure your foundation goes on smooth and is less likely to change shades.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure your face is dry before you apply foundation.\", \"描述\": \"It is also important that you let each product you use dry well on your face before layering or adding more product to it. Having excess moisture on your face can cause your skin to react with your foundation and lead to a change in the foundation shade.\\nOnce you apply a makeup primer or a face moisturizer, let the product dry. Use your fingers to lightly touch your face to make sure the product has dried before you apply any foundation.\\nYou can also use blotting paper or a clean tissue to lightly dab away any excess moisture on your face, particularly on your T-zone area. This would be your forehead, your nose, and your chin.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Dab on the foundation.\", \"描述\": \"Always apply your foundation properly and evenly so it appears fresh and clean on your face. Dabbing the foundation on with clean fingertips or using a clean makeup brush to stipple on the foundation will ensure it dries properly. It can also help to reduce the likelihood of the foundation appearing cakey, thick, or orange.\\nTry to apply one even layer of the foundation by dabbing or stippling it onto your skin. Blend the foundation in with clean fingers or a clean makeup sponge. Never sweep, rub, or smear on the foundation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go for a setting powder that matches your foundation.\", \"描述\": \"You can try using a setting powder to help keep your foundation looking fresh and to avoid an orange tinge later on. Look for a setting powder that is the same brand as your foundation, as this will ensure the two products will react well with each other. Using a setting powder made by a different brand can lead to a negative reaction on your skin and oxidization, which can lead to an orange look.\\nCheck that your foundation is dry before you apply setting powder. Use a clean makeup brush to apply the setting powder and make sure the setting powder sits on your skin in one, even layer.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintaining Your Foundation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use blotting papers on any oily areas.\", \"描述\": \"You can maintain your foundation throughout the day or night by keeping blotting papers with you. Check your foundation periodically and use the blotting papers to remove any oily areas on your skin. Removing excess oil can help to prevent oxidization and keep your foundation shade from changing color.\\nAlways dab at any oily areas with the blotting papers or a clean tissue. Avoid rubbing or scrubbing any oily areas, as this will only ruin your foundation and can lead to breakouts or irritation on your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Moisturize your skin.\", \"描述\": \"You should make sure your skin is hydrated so it does not become dry or flaky. Use a water-based moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated, especially if you have oily skin. Try to get into the habit of applying moisturizer in the morning and at night so your skin stays hydrated.\\nSkin that is dehydrated can end up producing too much oil, leading to oily skin. Oily skin can then cause a reaction with foundation that can lead to a change in the shade.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Switch foundations if it continues to turn orange.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice that your foundation continues to appear orange despite adjusting your foundation shade or type, you may need to switch to a different brand. Try several different brands to find the one that is right for you.\\nFinding the right foundation for your skin can be tricky, so do not be afraid to ask a salesperson for help. You may also want to ask for samples of different foundations and test them all out to find the right brand and shade for your skin type.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,137 | How to Avoid Overfeeding Your Cat | 1. Adjusting Your Cat's Diet
1-1. Determine how much food your cat needs.
The vet should examine your cat to determine its body shape and energy needs. The vet will decide how much food your cat needs based on its ideal body weight. If your cat is overweight, you can discuss how much weight your cat needs to lose and if you need to reduce meal sizes.
If you can't talk with the vet about your cat's weight, you should read the cat food package to determine the correct portion size for your cat based on age and weight.
Keep in mind that some feeding recommendations on pet food are overgenerous. If your cat is overweight, then feed them the amount for the weight you want them to be rather than the amount for their current weight.
1-2. Select the right food for your cat's age and lifestyle.
While most commercial cat foods are developed to give balanced nutrition, they're made for different stages of your cat's life. Choose a cat food that says it meets all the health requirements established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and pick one based on your cat's life stage. Examples of ages and activity levels include:
Kitten
Adult
Senior
Pregnancy and lactation
1-3. Feed your cat a mix of wet and dry food.
If you'd like to change the commercial cat food you give your pet, ask for recommendations from the vet. They may recommend that you add some wet food to your cat's diet if you're currently only feeding dry food. If you'd like to feed your cat a mix of wet and dry food, avoid just adding the wet food. You'll need to reduce the amount of dry food you offer, so your cat doesn't overeat.
Your cat needs about 24 to 35 calories for each pound it weighs, so take this into account when deciding what foods to offer.
1-4. Limit the treats you give your cat.
It's important to pay attention to all of the food you're feeding your cat, including treats. Treats are fine to occasionally give to your cat, but they shouldn't make up more than 10 to 15% of your cat's overall diet. To keep your cat a healthy weight, avoid giving these treats:
Raw meat
Milk
Food scraps
2. Changing Feeding Habits
2-1. Feed your cat several small meals during the day.
If your cat always has access to food in its dish, it can easily overeat. Instead of allowing your cat to graze, feed your cat at set meal times. If you have an adult cat, feed the cat a few small meals during the day.
If you have a kitten, you may need to give it three smaller meals each day.
2-2. Measure your cat's food for the day.
If you're feeding your cat several small meals a day or if you're feeding several cats, it may be hard to remember how much food you've already given them during the day. To prevent overfeeding your cat, measure out how much food you want to give your cat for the whole day.
Remember that the exact amount of food you measure out will depend on your cat’s needs.
2-3. Divide the daily food into several portions.
Place the daily amount of food into a smaller container that you can divide up at meal and snack times. For example, if your cat can have one cup of cat food in a day, but you like to divide it into a few meals and a treat, start by measuring out one cup of food into a container. You could give your cat a little over 1/3 of a cup of the food for each meal and have some leftover for treats.
If you have multiple cats, keep separate containers for each cat, since they may have different dietary needs.
2-4. Use measuring cups or a food scale to portion the food.
If you're in the habit of pouring food out of the bag into your cat's food bowl, start measuring the food with a cup or weighing the food on a food scale. This will ensure that you're giving your cat the recommended amount of food. Measure the food into the cup and brush the excess food off of the top, so the cup of food is level, not heaping. Or, if you have a food scale, then place the food on the scale to find the exact amount.
Using a scale is much more accurate because food can settle differently in a measuring cup from day to day, but the scale will always ensure that your cat is getting the same amount of food.
If your cat's food bowl has measurement lines on the side, you should still fill a separate measuring up and pour the food in. It's very easy to overfill the dish when you're pouring into it.
2-5. Give your cat access to clean water.
You should always have fresh water available for your cat. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day will help your cat digest its food and can help it feel fuller. Remember to wash your cat's water dish frequently.
If your cat eats dry food, it's even more important to offer lots of dry water. This is because dry cat food doesn't contain very much moisture.
2-6. Put the food in a puzzle or cat toy.
One of the best ways to keep your cat a healthy weight is to keep your cat active. Instead of setting treats at set times, challenge your cat by putting the treat into a food puzzle or cat toy. Your cat will spend time and energy to get to the food.
This will also slow your cat down when it eats, since the cat will probably only be able to get a few pieces of treat at a time.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Adjusting Your Cat's Diet\\n1-1. Determine how much food your cat needs.\\nThe vet should examine your cat to determine its body shape and energy needs. The vet will decide how much food your cat needs based on its ideal body weight. If your cat is overweight, you can discuss how much weight your cat needs to lose and if you need to reduce meal sizes.\\nIf you can't talk with the vet about your cat's weight, you should read the cat food package to determine the correct portion size for your cat based on age and weight.\\nKeep in mind that some feeding recommendations on pet food are overgenerous. If your cat is overweight, then feed them the amount for the weight you want them to be rather than the amount for their current weight.\\n1-2. Select the right food for your cat's age and lifestyle.\\nWhile most commercial cat foods are developed to give balanced nutrition, they're made for different stages of your cat's life. Choose a cat food that says it meets all the health requirements established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and pick one based on your cat's life stage. Examples of ages and activity levels include:\\nKitten\\nAdult\\nSenior\\nPregnancy and lactation\\n1-3. Feed your cat a mix of wet and dry food.\\nIf you'd like to change the commercial cat food you give your pet, ask for recommendations from the vet. They may recommend that you add some wet food to your cat's diet if you're currently only feeding dry food. If you'd like to feed your cat a mix of wet and dry food, avoid just adding the wet food. You'll need to reduce the amount of dry food you offer, so your cat doesn't overeat.\\nYour cat needs about 24 to 35 calories for each pound it weighs, so take this into account when deciding what foods to offer.\\n1-4. Limit the treats you give your cat.\\nIt's important to pay attention to all of the food you're feeding your cat, including treats. Treats are fine to occasionally give to your cat, but they shouldn't make up more than 10 to 15% of your cat's overall diet. To keep your cat a healthy weight, avoid giving these treats:\\nRaw meat\\nMilk\\nFood scraps\\n2. Changing Feeding Habits\\n2-1. Feed your cat several small meals during the day.\\nIf your cat always has access to food in its dish, it can easily overeat. Instead of allowing your cat to graze, feed your cat at set meal times. If you have an adult cat, feed the cat a few small meals during the day.\\nIf you have a kitten, you may need to give it three smaller meals each day.\\n2-2. Measure your cat's food for the day.\\nIf you're feeding your cat several small meals a day or if you're feeding several cats, it may be hard to remember how much food you've already given them during the day. To prevent overfeeding your cat, measure out how much food you want to give your cat for the whole day.\\nRemember that the exact amount of food you measure out will depend on your cat’s needs.\\n2-3. Divide the daily food into several portions.\\nPlace the daily amount of food into a smaller container that you can divide up at meal and snack times. For example, if your cat can have one cup of cat food in a day, but you like to divide it into a few meals and a treat, start by measuring out one cup of food into a container. You could give your cat a little over 1/3 of a cup of the food for each meal and have some leftover for treats.\\nIf you have multiple cats, keep separate containers for each cat, since they may have different dietary needs.\\n2-4. Use measuring cups or a food scale to portion the food.\\nIf you're in the habit of pouring food out of the bag into your cat's food bowl, start measuring the food with a cup or weighing the food on a food scale. This will ensure that you're giving your cat the recommended amount of food. Measure the food into the cup and brush the excess food off of the top, so the cup of food is level, not heaping. Or, if you have a food scale, then place the food on the scale to find the exact amount. \\nUsing a scale is much more accurate because food can settle differently in a measuring cup from day to day, but the scale will always ensure that your cat is getting the same amount of food.\\nIf your cat's food bowl has measurement lines on the side, you should still fill a separate measuring up and pour the food in. It's very easy to overfill the dish when you're pouring into it.\\n2-5. Give your cat access to clean water.\\nYou should always have fresh water available for your cat. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day will help your cat digest its food and can help it feel fuller. Remember to wash your cat's water dish frequently.\\nIf your cat eats dry food, it's even more important to offer lots of dry water. This is because dry cat food doesn't contain very much moisture.\\n2-6. Put the food in a puzzle or cat toy.\\nOne of the best ways to keep your cat a healthy weight is to keep your cat active. Instead of setting treats at set times, challenge your cat by putting the treat into a food puzzle or cat toy. Your cat will spend time and energy to get to the food.\\nThis will also slow your cat down when it eats, since the cat will probably only be able to get a few pieces of treat at a time.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You may not think about how much food your cat eats if you always allow it access to food. Unfortunately, cat obesity is on the rise and it can cause other health problems. To avoid overfeeding your cat, consider changing how much or what your cat eats every day. Work with your veterinarian to ensure that your cat is still getting the nutrients it needs. You can also make simple changes to how you feed your cat. This can help slow your cat down when it eats or make it work for its food.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adjusting Your Cat's Diet\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine how much food your cat needs.\", \"描述\": \"The vet should examine your cat to determine its body shape and energy needs. The vet will decide how much food your cat needs based on its ideal body weight. If your cat is overweight, you can discuss how much weight your cat needs to lose and if you need to reduce meal sizes.\\nIf you can't talk with the vet about your cat's weight, you should read the cat food package to determine the correct portion size for your cat based on age and weight.\\nKeep in mind that some feeding recommendations on pet food are overgenerous. If your cat is overweight, then feed them the amount for the weight you want them to be rather than the amount for their current weight.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select the right food for your cat's age and lifestyle.\", \"描述\": \"While most commercial cat foods are developed to give balanced nutrition, they're made for different stages of your cat's life. Choose a cat food that says it meets all the health requirements established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and pick one based on your cat's life stage. Examples of ages and activity levels include:\\nKitten\\nAdult\\nSenior\\nPregnancy and lactation\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Feed your cat a mix of wet and dry food.\", \"描述\": \"If you'd like to change the commercial cat food you give your pet, ask for recommendations from the vet. They may recommend that you add some wet food to your cat's diet if you're currently only feeding dry food. If you'd like to feed your cat a mix of wet and dry food, avoid just adding the wet food. You'll need to reduce the amount of dry food you offer, so your cat doesn't overeat.\\nYour cat needs about 24 to 35 calories for each pound it weighs, so take this into account when deciding what foods to offer.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Limit the treats you give your cat.\", \"描述\": \"It's important to pay attention to all of the food you're feeding your cat, including treats. Treats are fine to occasionally give to your cat, but they shouldn't make up more than 10 to 15% of your cat's overall diet. To keep your cat a healthy weight, avoid giving these treats:\\nRaw meat\\nMilk\\nFood scraps\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Changing Feeding Habits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Feed your cat several small meals during the day.\", \"描述\": \"If your cat always has access to food in its dish, it can easily overeat. Instead of allowing your cat to graze, feed your cat at set meal times. If you have an adult cat, feed the cat a few small meals during the day.\\nIf you have a kitten, you may need to give it three smaller meals each day.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Measure your cat's food for the day.\", \"描述\": \"If you're feeding your cat several small meals a day or if you're feeding several cats, it may be hard to remember how much food you've already given them during the day. To prevent overfeeding your cat, measure out how much food you want to give your cat for the whole day.\\nRemember that the exact amount of food you measure out will depend on your cat’s needs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Divide the daily food into several portions.\", \"描述\": \"Place the daily amount of food into a smaller container that you can divide up at meal and snack times. For example, if your cat can have one cup of cat food in a day, but you like to divide it into a few meals and a treat, start by measuring out one cup of food into a container. You could give your cat a little over 1/3 of a cup of the food for each meal and have some leftover for treats.\\nIf you have multiple cats, keep separate containers for each cat, since they may have different dietary needs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use measuring cups or a food scale to portion the food.\", \"描述\": \"If you're in the habit of pouring food out of the bag into your cat's food bowl, start measuring the food with a cup or weighing the food on a food scale. This will ensure that you're giving your cat the recommended amount of food. Measure the food into the cup and brush the excess food off of the top, so the cup of food is level, not heaping. Or, if you have a food scale, then place the food on the scale to find the exact amount. \\nUsing a scale is much more accurate because food can settle differently in a measuring cup from day to day, but the scale will always ensure that your cat is getting the same amount of food.\\nIf your cat's food bowl has measurement lines on the side, you should still fill a separate measuring up and pour the food in. It's very easy to overfill the dish when you're pouring into it.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Give your cat access to clean water.\", \"描述\": \"You should always have fresh water available for your cat. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day will help your cat digest its food and can help it feel fuller. Remember to wash your cat's water dish frequently.\\nIf your cat eats dry food, it's even more important to offer lots of dry water. This is because dry cat food doesn't contain very much moisture.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Put the food in a puzzle or cat toy.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to keep your cat a healthy weight is to keep your cat active. Instead of setting treats at set times, challenge your cat by putting the treat into a food puzzle or cat toy. Your cat will spend time and energy to get to the food.\\nThis will also slow your cat down when it eats, since the cat will probably only be able to get a few pieces of treat at a time.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,138 | How to Avoid Overfeeding Your Guinea Pig | 1. Feeding the Correct Portions
1-1. Provide an unlimited amount of hay.
Guinea pigs are herbivores with a diet consisting of 80% of grass hay. Hay is extremely important as guinea pigs are constantly eating, and the fibers help them digest their food and keep their teeth trimmed. If you find your guinea pig is regularly hungry, give them more hay, which should keep them occupied instead of consistently eating their pellets or other treats.
Timothy, bluegrass, meadow grass, and orchard grass hays are all good options to feed.
Do not feed alfalfa hay to guinea pigs over 6 months. Alfalfa is high in calcium and purposely branded for pregnant or nursing sows and pups under the age of 6 months.
1-2. Give your guinea pigs each 1/8 cup of pellets per day.
Choose pellets that are timothy-based. Avoid muesli or colorful treat mixed feed as these encourage selective feeding, with the treats being high in sugar. KMS and Oxbow are both advised brands.
If you have more than one guinea pig, provide their serving of pellets in separate bowls in case one guinea pig decides to eat all the pellets by themselves.
1-3. Feed one cup of fresh vegetables and herbs per day.
Generally, this is equivalent to a small plateful per guinea pig. Try to choose vegetables that are high in vitamin C, such as capsicums (bell peppers), broccoli, and mustard spinach.
Try cos lettuce, tomatoes, celery, cucumber, carrot, spinach, kale, coriander, basil, Brussel sprouts, etc.
Avoid avocado as it's high in fat. Iceberg should also be avoided as it contains high water content with little nutritional value. Cabbage is also another vegetable that should be avoided as it's high in calcium and can cause bloating.
Be mindful of each vegetable's nutritional value. Some vegetables are high in sugar, such as carrots, with others being high in calcium, such as spinach and kale. If they are fed too much calcium it could lead to health problems with their liver and urine.
1-4. Limit treats.
Commercial treats may seem like a rewarding idea for your guinea pigs, but they are high in sugar and contain no nutritional value. If you're going to give your guinea pig treats, feed them fruits such as apples and strawberries. However, keep it to a minimum as sugar can lead to obesity.
If you want, you can make your treats. These are healthier than store-bought ones (which you should avoid), but still should be fed very sparingly. If you do buy treats from a store avoid giving them more than once a day.
Pea flakes are a better store-bought alternative to other commercial treats, but should still be kept to a minimum. These are used to clicker train guinea pigs.
1-5. Never feed human foods such as bread and crackers.
Guinea pigs are strictly herbivores. While it may seem common to feed guinea pigs bread crusts, this isn't good for them and can throw out their nutritional balance.
1-6. Acquire measuring utensils.
If you're unsure of how much you are feeding your guinea pig, it's best to monitor the quantity by measuring them before you feed your cavy. Obtain a kitchen scale and a measuring cup.
Pellets can be measured via a quarter of a cup or 1/8.
Vegetables may be a bit harder to measure as they cannot be measured in liquid form. Instead of measuring one cup, weigh the vegetables. One cup should be equivalent to half a pound (or 8 oz).
1-7. Weight your guinea pig at least every month.
The average adult sow (female) should weigh 700 to 900 grams with adult boars (males) on average being 20% heavier at 900-1200 grams. Take into consideration that the weight of your guinea pigs is heavily influenced by factors such as their sex, age, and breed. Do not be considered if your guinea pig is slightly over or under the average weight in grams.
According to Guinea Lynx, you should ideally weigh your guinea pigs weekly. Not only to see if they're putting on too much weight but to spot any decline in weight as a symptom of a sudden health issue. Weighing is one of the best ways to monitor your guinea pigs health.
To weigh your guinea pig, use a normal kitchen or bathroom scale that fits your guinea pig's whole body.
The weight of your guinea pig will determine how much you need to feed them. If they are over the recommended weight they are likely eating too much. Cut down the portion of their pellets and cut out sugary treats altogether, including fruit.
Tips
Both pellets and hay can be bought online in bulk for much cheaper than in pet stores. The hay you can buy online is usually fresher, too. If you get it in-store ask an employee how fresh it is.
Hay and greenery can not be overfed to guinea pigs. Pellets and sugary treats, however, can; these are the foods you should be focusing on cutting out.
Do not feed your guinea pigs cabbage, iceberg lettuce, corn husks, tomato stems, or potato.
Warnings
Check to make sure everything you feed your guinea pig/s (especially food) is safe for them to eat. Always wash the veggies before giving them to your guinea pig, because if they aren't fresh and clean they might make them sick.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Feeding the Correct Portions\\n1-1. Provide an unlimited amount of hay.\\nGuinea pigs are herbivores with a diet consisting of 80% of grass hay. Hay is extremely important as guinea pigs are constantly eating, and the fibers help them digest their food and keep their teeth trimmed. If you find your guinea pig is regularly hungry, give them more hay, which should keep them occupied instead of consistently eating their pellets or other treats.\\nTimothy, bluegrass, meadow grass, and orchard grass hays are all good options to feed.\\nDo not feed alfalfa hay to guinea pigs over 6 months. Alfalfa is high in calcium and purposely branded for pregnant or nursing sows and pups under the age of 6 months.\\n1-2. Give your guinea pigs each 1/8 cup of pellets per day.\\nChoose pellets that are timothy-based. Avoid muesli or colorful treat mixed feed as these encourage selective feeding, with the treats being high in sugar. KMS and Oxbow are both advised brands.\\nIf you have more than one guinea pig, provide their serving of pellets in separate bowls in case one guinea pig decides to eat all the pellets by themselves.\\n1-3. Feed one cup of fresh vegetables and herbs per day.\\nGenerally, this is equivalent to a small plateful per guinea pig. Try to choose vegetables that are high in vitamin C, such as capsicums (bell peppers), broccoli, and mustard spinach.\\nTry cos lettuce, tomatoes, celery, cucumber, carrot, spinach, kale, coriander, basil, Brussel sprouts, etc.\\nAvoid avocado as it's high in fat. Iceberg should also be avoided as it contains high water content with little nutritional value. Cabbage is also another vegetable that should be avoided as it's high in calcium and can cause bloating.\\nBe mindful of each vegetable's nutritional value. Some vegetables are high in sugar, such as carrots, with others being high in calcium, such as spinach and kale. If they are fed too much calcium it could lead to health problems with their liver and urine.\\n1-4. Limit treats.\\nCommercial treats may seem like a rewarding idea for your guinea pigs, but they are high in sugar and contain no nutritional value. If you're going to give your guinea pig treats, feed them fruits such as apples and strawberries. However, keep it to a minimum as sugar can lead to obesity.\\nIf you want, you can make your treats. These are healthier than store-bought ones (which you should avoid), but still should be fed very sparingly. If you do buy treats from a store avoid giving them more than once a day.\\nPea flakes are a better store-bought alternative to other commercial treats, but should still be kept to a minimum. These are used to clicker train guinea pigs.\\n1-5. Never feed human foods such as bread and crackers.\\nGuinea pigs are strictly herbivores. While it may seem common to feed guinea pigs bread crusts, this isn't good for them and can throw out their nutritional balance.\\n1-6. Acquire measuring utensils.\\nIf you're unsure of how much you are feeding your guinea pig, it's best to monitor the quantity by measuring them before you feed your cavy. Obtain a kitchen scale and a measuring cup.\\nPellets can be measured via a quarter of a cup or 1/8.\\nVegetables may be a bit harder to measure as they cannot be measured in liquid form. Instead of measuring one cup, weigh the vegetables. One cup should be equivalent to half a pound (or 8 oz).\\n1-7. Weight your guinea pig at least every month.\\nThe average adult sow (female) should weigh 700 to 900 grams with adult boars (males) on average being 20% heavier at 900-1200 grams. Take into consideration that the weight of your guinea pigs is heavily influenced by factors such as their sex, age, and breed. Do not be considered if your guinea pig is slightly over or under the average weight in grams.\\nAccording to Guinea Lynx, you should ideally weigh your guinea pigs weekly. Not only to see if they're putting on too much weight but to spot any decline in weight as a symptom of a sudden health issue. Weighing is one of the best ways to monitor your guinea pigs health.\\nTo weigh your guinea pig, use a normal kitchen or bathroom scale that fits your guinea pig's whole body.\\nThe weight of your guinea pig will determine how much you need to feed them. If they are over the recommended weight they are likely eating too much. Cut down the portion of their pellets and cut out sugary treats altogether, including fruit.\\nTips\\nBoth pellets and hay can be bought online in bulk for much cheaper than in pet stores. The hay you can buy online is usually fresher, too. If you get it in-store ask an employee how fresh it is.\\nHay and greenery can not be overfed to guinea pigs. Pellets and sugary treats, however, can; these are the foods you should be focusing on cutting out.\\nDo not feed your guinea pigs cabbage, iceberg lettuce, corn husks, tomato stems, or potato.\\nWarnings\\nCheck to make sure everything you feed your guinea pig/s (especially food) is safe for them to eat. Always wash the veggies before giving them to your guinea pig, because if they aren't fresh and clean they might make them sick.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A guinea pig's diet should be equivalent to 80% hay, 15% fresh vegetables and herbs, and 5% of commercial pellets. Overfeeding can be damaging to your guinea pig's digestion tract, and cause obesity. To prevent yourself from overfeeding your guinea pig, all you need to do is serve your guinea pigs the right portioned meals and cut down on unnecessary sugary treats. This article will take you through some helpful tips.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Feeding the Correct Portions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Provide an unlimited amount of hay.\", \"描述\": \"Guinea pigs are herbivores with a diet consisting of 80% of grass hay. Hay is extremely important as guinea pigs are constantly eating, and the fibers help them digest their food and keep their teeth trimmed. If you find your guinea pig is regularly hungry, give them more hay, which should keep them occupied instead of consistently eating their pellets or other treats.\\nTimothy, bluegrass, meadow grass, and orchard grass hays are all good options to feed.\\nDo not feed alfalfa hay to guinea pigs over 6 months. Alfalfa is high in calcium and purposely branded for pregnant or nursing sows and pups under the age of 6 months.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Give your guinea pigs each 1/8 cup of pellets per day.\", \"描述\": \"Choose pellets that are timothy-based. Avoid muesli or colorful treat mixed feed as these encourage selective feeding, with the treats being high in sugar. KMS and Oxbow are both advised brands.\\nIf you have more than one guinea pig, provide their serving of pellets in separate bowls in case one guinea pig decides to eat all the pellets by themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Feed one cup of fresh vegetables and herbs per day.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, this is equivalent to a small plateful per guinea pig. Try to choose vegetables that are high in vitamin C, such as capsicums (bell peppers), broccoli, and mustard spinach.\\nTry cos lettuce, tomatoes, celery, cucumber, carrot, spinach, kale, coriander, basil, Brussel sprouts, etc.\\nAvoid avocado as it's high in fat. Iceberg should also be avoided as it contains high water content with little nutritional value. Cabbage is also another vegetable that should be avoided as it's high in calcium and can cause bloating.\\nBe mindful of each vegetable's nutritional value. Some vegetables are high in sugar, such as carrots, with others being high in calcium, such as spinach and kale. If they are fed too much calcium it could lead to health problems with their liver and urine.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Limit treats.\", \"描述\": \"Commercial treats may seem like a rewarding idea for your guinea pigs, but they are high in sugar and contain no nutritional value. If you're going to give your guinea pig treats, feed them fruits such as apples and strawberries. However, keep it to a minimum as sugar can lead to obesity.\\nIf you want, you can make your treats. These are healthier than store-bought ones (which you should avoid), but still should be fed very sparingly. If you do buy treats from a store avoid giving them more than once a day.\\nPea flakes are a better store-bought alternative to other commercial treats, but should still be kept to a minimum. These are used to clicker train guinea pigs.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Never feed human foods such as bread and crackers.\", \"描述\": \"Guinea pigs are strictly herbivores. While it may seem common to feed guinea pigs bread crusts, this isn't good for them and can throw out their nutritional balance.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Acquire measuring utensils.\", \"描述\": \"If you're unsure of how much you are feeding your guinea pig, it's best to monitor the quantity by measuring them before you feed your cavy. Obtain a kitchen scale and a measuring cup.\\nPellets can be measured via a quarter of a cup or 1/8.\\nVegetables may be a bit harder to measure as they cannot be measured in liquid form. Instead of measuring one cup, weigh the vegetables. One cup should be equivalent to half a pound (or 8 oz).\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Weight your guinea pig at least every month.\", \"描述\": \"The average adult sow (female) should weigh 700 to 900 grams with adult boars (males) on average being 20% heavier at 900-1200 grams. Take into consideration that the weight of your guinea pigs is heavily influenced by factors such as their sex, age, and breed. Do not be considered if your guinea pig is slightly over or under the average weight in grams.\\nAccording to Guinea Lynx, you should ideally weigh your guinea pigs weekly. Not only to see if they're putting on too much weight but to spot any decline in weight as a symptom of a sudden health issue. Weighing is one of the best ways to monitor your guinea pigs health.\\nTo weigh your guinea pig, use a normal kitchen or bathroom scale that fits your guinea pig's whole body.\\nThe weight of your guinea pig will determine how much you need to feed them. If they are over the recommended weight they are likely eating too much. Cut down the portion of their pellets and cut out sugary treats altogether, including fruit.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Both pellets and hay can be bought online in bulk for much cheaper than in pet stores. The hay you can buy online is usually fresher, too. If you get it in-store ask an employee how fresh it is.\\n\", \"Hay and greenery can not be overfed to guinea pigs. Pellets and sugary treats, however, can; these are the foods you should be focusing on cutting out.\\n\", \"Do not feed your guinea pigs cabbage, iceberg lettuce, corn husks, tomato stems, or potato.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Check to make sure everything you feed your guinea pig/s (especially food) is safe for them to eat. Always wash the veggies before giving them to your guinea pig, because if they aren't fresh and clean they might make them sick.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,139 | How to Avoid Overreacting | 1. Learning About Cognitive Distortion
1-1. Learn to be aware of cognitive distortions.
Cognitive distortions are automatic thinking patterns that cause the person to distort reality. For people who have overreactions, it is typically because of negative or highly self-critical judgement that make a person feel negatively about his or herself. Unless a person learns to recognize a cognitive distortion, he or she will continue to react in a way that does not reflect reality. Everything gets blown out of proportion, often leading to over-reaction.
These are typically formed in childhood. Having an authority figure (such as a parent or teacher) with a high level of perfectionism, or is overly critical, or with unrealistic expectations can easily lead to this.
"Don't believe everything you think!" Becoming more aware of patterns of cognitive distortion allows you to make other choices in how to react. Just because you think something, does not automatically mean you have to accept it as fact. Challenging unhelpful or unscrutinized thoughts can lead to freedom.
Only seeing the potential for negative outcomes, and habitually disqualifying the positive, is a common cognitive distortion.
1-2. Understand Common Types of Cognitive Distortions.
Everyone has had experience or at least seen others over-react to situations. For some people, these reactions can become a habit or way of seeing the world. These include:
Over-generalization. For example, a child who had a bad experience with a large dog may forever be nervous around dogs.
Jumping to conclusions. Example: A girl is nervous about an upcoming date. The boy texts that he has to reschedule. The girl decides he must not be interested in her or that would not happen, so cancels the date. In reality, the boy was interested.
"Catastrophising". A woman is having a rough time at work, and worries that she will be fired and then will be homeless. Instead of focusing on her time management skills, she suffers from constant anxiety.
"Black and White" Thinking--being inflexible. On a family vacation, the father is frustrated by the poor quality hotel room. Instead of focusing on the lovely beach, and the kids who scarcely spend any time at the room, he constantly grumbles and ruins the fun for everyone else.
"Should, Must, and Ought-to" These words are often loaded with judgement. If you find yourself using these words about yourself in a negative, judgmental way, consider re-phrasing it. For example:
Negative: "I'm out of shape; I should go to the gym." More positive: "I want to be healthier, and I will check out if there is a class I might like at the gym."
Negative: "I must get my kid to pay attention to me when I talk." Positive: "How can I talk so that he will listen to me more?"
Negative: "I ought to get better than a B on my exam!" Positive: "I know I can get better than a B. But if I don't, a B is still a respectable grade."
Sometimes things must, should, or ought to be done...there are some things that are properly worded in such a way. But catching yourself using these words negatively and in a rigid way indicates a way of thinking that may be unnecessarily negative and rigid.
Write down automatic thoughts in a journal or diary. Just listing what you think can help you recognize its existence, when it happens, what it is, and help you observe them.Ask yourself if there is any other way to consider the source of your cognitive distortion. Is this automatic thought part of a pattern? If so, where did it start? How is it serving you now? Becoming more conscious of your own subconscious thought patters will help keep you from overreacting.
1-3. Identify "all or nothing" ways of thinking.
This kind of automatic thought pattern, also known as "black and white" thinking, is a primary cause of overreaction. Automatic thoughts are not based in rational thought, but in fearful, overly emotional reactions to stressful situations.
The "all or nothing" thinking is a common cognitive distortion. Sometimes things are all-or-nothing, but normally there are ways to get some or most of what you want, or find an alternative.
Learn to listen critically to your inner self-talk, and notice what it's telling you. If your inner self-talk is filled with cognitive distortions, that can help you recognize that the "voice" that is talking to you is not necessarily accurate.
Consider practicing affirmations to follow the automatic thought. Affirmations allow you to reframe the negative, "all or nothing" thinking with a positive statement that reflects your new beliefs. For example, remind yourself, "A mistake isn't failure. It's a learning process. Everyone makes mistakes. Others will understand."
1-4. Take a deep breath before responding.
Pausing to take a breath allows you time to consider possible alternatives. It may disengage you from automatic thought patterns. Breathe in through the nose for a count of four; hold the breath for a count of three, then slowly breathe out through the mouth for a count of five. Repeat if necessary.
When your breathing is rapid, your body believes it is engaged in a "fight or flight" struggle, and raises your anxiety level. You will be more likely to respond with heightened emotions and fear.
If your breath is slower, your body will believe you're calm, and you'll be more likely to be able to access rational thought.
1-5. Identify patterns in your overreactions.
Most people have "triggers," which may generate emotional overreactions. Common triggers include envy, rejection, criticism, and control. By learning more about your own triggers, you'll be more likely to control your emotional reactions to them.
Envy is when someone else gets something you want, or that you feel you deserve.
Rejection occurs when someone is excluded or turned away. Exclusion from a group activates the same brain receptors as physical pain.
Criticism allows someone to engage in the cognitive distortion of overgeneralizing. The person confuses a critical response with not being liked or appreciated as a person, not just the single act that's being criticized.
Control issues cause overreaction when you're overly worried about not getting what you want or losing what you have. This is also an example of catastrophising.
1-6. Get some perspective.
Ask yourself, "How important is this? Will I remember it tomorrow? Or a year from now? How about 20 years from now?" If the answer is no, then whatever you're reacting to in the moment isn't a big deal. Allow yourself to take a step back from the situation, and acknowledge that it might not be that important.
Is there any part of the situation that you can do anything about? Are there ways that you can work together with another person to make the changes that will help you? If there are, then try these.
Try to become willing to accept the parts of the situation that you can't change. This doesn't mean allowing another person to hurt you or that you shouldn't have boundaries. Sometimes it means accepting that you can't change the situation, and deciding to leave.
1-7. Retrain your brain.
When someone habitually has a difficult time regulating their temper, the brain has a weak connection between its highly responsive emotional center, and the part of the brain responsible for rational thought. Building a stronger connection between these two brain centers helps to avoid overreacting.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is one treatment that has been shown to be effective with people who have emotional regulation challenges. It works through increasing self-knowledge and offering cognitive restructuring.
Neurofeedback and biofeedback are both therapies shown to be effective in treating people with emotional regulation issues. The patient learns to monitor his psychological response, and therefore gain control over his overreactions. Although some studies support the use of neurofeedback, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.
1-8. See a professional.
Overreacting might be the result of long-standing issues that a therapist can help you sort out. Understanding the underlying causes of your overreactions can help you gain control over them.
If your overreactions are affecting your relationship or marriage, consider seeing the therapist together with your partner or spouse.
A good therapist will have practical suggestions for the present challenges, but will also look for issues from your past which may be surfacing through your emotional responses.
Be patient. If your emotional overreactions are the result of long-buried issues, the treatment is likely to take some time. Don't expect results overnight.
In some cases, you may be a candidate for medication. Although "talk therapy" is extremely helpful for many, sometimes certain medications can help. For instance, a person with anxiety that causes a lot of overreactions, anti-anxiety medication can be helpful.
2. Taking Care of Yourself
2-1. Get enough rest
Sleep deprivation is a common source of stress, and can result in short tempers and overly-emotional responses to everyday situations. Taking care of yourself involves getting plenty of rest. If you're not getting enough sleep, it will be harder to change patterns of overreaction.
Avoid caffeine if it interferes with your sleep. Caffeine is found in sodas, coffee, teas, and other beverages. If you're drinking a beverage, make sure it doesn't contain caffeine.
Feeling tired increases your stress level, and may cause you to think irrationally.
If you can't alter your sleep schedule, try to include rest and relaxation times as a part of your daily schedule. Short naps may help.
2-2. Make sure to eat regularly.
If you're hungry, you're more likely to overreact. Include healthy, regular meals throughout your day. Make sure to eat a healthy breakfast with lots of protein and avoid hidden sugars in breakfast foods.
Avoid junk foods, sugary foods or other foods that may result in rapid elevation of blood sugar. Sugary snacks contribute to stress.
2-3. Exercise regularly.
Exercise helps emotional regulation, and brings about a more positive mood. 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least 5 times per week has been shown to have benefits for mood regulation.
Aerobic exercises, such as swimming, walking, running or cycling, use the lungs and heart. Include aerobic exercises as part of your workout routine no matter what other exercises you choose to include. If you can't spare 30 minutes per day, start with a shorter time period. Even 10-15 minutes will bring improvement.
Strength training, such as weight lifting or resistance training, helps strengthen bones as well as muscles.
Flexibility exercises, such as stretching and yoga, help prevent injury. Yoga helps address anxiety and stress, and is highly recommended for those trying to avoid overreacting.
2-4. Be aware of your emotions.
When someone isn't aware of their feelings until they're already overreacting, it can be difficult to change. The trick is to become aware of your emotions before they're too big. Learn to identify within yourself the precursors to being overly reactive.
Signs may be physical, such as a stiff neck or rapid heartbeat.
Naming the feeling means that you're able to employ both sides of your brain in developing coping strategies.
The more aware you become of your own internal reactions, the less likely you will be to become overwhelmed by them.
Warnings
Not all strong emotional responses are overreactions. Don't discount your feelings simply because they're intense.
If your overreactions are causing you legal problems, seek help immediately.
Sometimes overreactions can be a symptom of mental illness. If this is the case, you'll need to seek help for your mental illness while addressing the issue of overreacting.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning About Cognitive Distortion\\n1-1. Learn to be aware of cognitive distortions.\\nCognitive distortions are automatic thinking patterns that cause the person to distort reality. For people who have overreactions, it is typically because of negative or highly self-critical judgement that make a person feel negatively about his or herself. Unless a person learns to recognize a cognitive distortion, he or she will continue to react in a way that does not reflect reality. Everything gets blown out of proportion, often leading to over-reaction.\\nThese are typically formed in childhood. Having an authority figure (such as a parent or teacher) with a high level of perfectionism, or is overly critical, or with unrealistic expectations can easily lead to this.\\n\\\"Don't believe everything you think!\\\" Becoming more aware of patterns of cognitive distortion allows you to make other choices in how to react. Just because you think something, does not automatically mean you have to accept it as fact. Challenging unhelpful or unscrutinized thoughts can lead to freedom.\\nOnly seeing the potential for negative outcomes, and habitually disqualifying the positive, is a common cognitive distortion.\\n1-2. Understand Common Types of Cognitive Distortions.\\nEveryone has had experience or at least seen others over-react to situations. For some people, these reactions can become a habit or way of seeing the world. These include:\\nOver-generalization. For example, a child who had a bad experience with a large dog may forever be nervous around dogs.\\nJumping to conclusions. Example: A girl is nervous about an upcoming date. The boy texts that he has to reschedule. The girl decides he must not be interested in her or that would not happen, so cancels the date. In reality, the boy was interested.\\n\\\"Catastrophising\\\". A woman is having a rough time at work, and worries that she will be fired and then will be homeless. Instead of focusing on her time management skills, she suffers from constant anxiety.\\n\\\"Black and White\\\" Thinking--being inflexible. On a family vacation, the father is frustrated by the poor quality hotel room. Instead of focusing on the lovely beach, and the kids who scarcely spend any time at the room, he constantly grumbles and ruins the fun for everyone else.\\n\\\"Should, Must, and Ought-to\\\" These words are often loaded with judgement. If you find yourself using these words about yourself in a negative, judgmental way, consider re-phrasing it. For example:\\nNegative: \\\"I'm out of shape; I should go to the gym.\\\" More positive: \\\"I want to be healthier, and I will check out if there is a class I might like at the gym.\\\"\\nNegative: \\\"I must get my kid to pay attention to me when I talk.\\\" Positive: \\\"How can I talk so that he will listen to me more?\\\"\\nNegative: \\\"I ought to get better than a B on my exam!\\\" Positive: \\\"I know I can get better than a B. But if I don't, a B is still a respectable grade.\\\"\\nSometimes things must, should, or ought to be done...there are some things that are properly worded in such a way. But catching yourself using these words negatively and in a rigid way indicates a way of thinking that may be unnecessarily negative and rigid.\\n\\nWrite down automatic thoughts in a journal or diary. Just listing what you think can help you recognize its existence, when it happens, what it is, and help you observe them.Ask yourself if there is any other way to consider the source of your cognitive distortion. Is this automatic thought part of a pattern? If so, where did it start? How is it serving you now? Becoming more conscious of your own subconscious thought patters will help keep you from overreacting.\\n1-3. Identify \\\"all or nothing\\\" ways of thinking.\\nThis kind of automatic thought pattern, also known as \\\"black and white\\\" thinking, is a primary cause of overreaction. Automatic thoughts are not based in rational thought, but in fearful, overly emotional reactions to stressful situations.\\nThe \\\"all or nothing\\\" thinking is a common cognitive distortion. Sometimes things are all-or-nothing, but normally there are ways to get some or most of what you want, or find an alternative.\\nLearn to listen critically to your inner self-talk, and notice what it's telling you. If your inner self-talk is filled with cognitive distortions, that can help you recognize that the \\\"voice\\\" that is talking to you is not necessarily accurate.\\nConsider practicing affirmations to follow the automatic thought. Affirmations allow you to reframe the negative, \\\"all or nothing\\\" thinking with a positive statement that reflects your new beliefs. For example, remind yourself, \\\"A mistake isn't failure. It's a learning process. Everyone makes mistakes. Others will understand.\\\"\\n1-4. Take a deep breath before responding.\\nPausing to take a breath allows you time to consider possible alternatives. It may disengage you from automatic thought patterns. Breathe in through the nose for a count of four; hold the breath for a count of three, then slowly breathe out through the mouth for a count of five. Repeat if necessary.\\nWhen your breathing is rapid, your body believes it is engaged in a \\\"fight or flight\\\" struggle, and raises your anxiety level. You will be more likely to respond with heightened emotions and fear.\\nIf your breath is slower, your body will believe you're calm, and you'll be more likely to be able to access rational thought.\\n1-5. Identify patterns in your overreactions.\\nMost people have \\\"triggers,\\\" which may generate emotional overreactions. Common triggers include envy, rejection, criticism, and control. By learning more about your own triggers, you'll be more likely to control your emotional reactions to them.\\nEnvy is when someone else gets something you want, or that you feel you deserve.\\nRejection occurs when someone is excluded or turned away. Exclusion from a group activates the same brain receptors as physical pain.\\nCriticism allows someone to engage in the cognitive distortion of overgeneralizing. The person confuses a critical response with not being liked or appreciated as a person, not just the single act that's being criticized.\\nControl issues cause overreaction when you're overly worried about not getting what you want or losing what you have. This is also an example of catastrophising.\\n1-6. Get some perspective.\\nAsk yourself, \\\"How important is this? Will I remember it tomorrow? Or a year from now? How about 20 years from now?\\\" If the answer is no, then whatever you're reacting to in the moment isn't a big deal. Allow yourself to take a step back from the situation, and acknowledge that it might not be that important.\\nIs there any part of the situation that you can do anything about? Are there ways that you can work together with another person to make the changes that will help you? If there are, then try these.\\nTry to become willing to accept the parts of the situation that you can't change. This doesn't mean allowing another person to hurt you or that you shouldn't have boundaries. Sometimes it means accepting that you can't change the situation, and deciding to leave.\\n1-7. Retrain your brain.\\nWhen someone habitually has a difficult time regulating their temper, the brain has a weak connection between its highly responsive emotional center, and the part of the brain responsible for rational thought. Building a stronger connection between these two brain centers helps to avoid overreacting.\\nDialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is one treatment that has been shown to be effective with people who have emotional regulation challenges. It works through increasing self-knowledge and offering cognitive restructuring.\\nNeurofeedback and biofeedback are both therapies shown to be effective in treating people with emotional regulation issues. The patient learns to monitor his psychological response, and therefore gain control over his overreactions. Although some studies support the use of neurofeedback, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.\\n1-8. See a professional.\\nOverreacting might be the result of long-standing issues that a therapist can help you sort out. Understanding the underlying causes of your overreactions can help you gain control over them.\\nIf your overreactions are affecting your relationship or marriage, consider seeing the therapist together with your partner or spouse.\\nA good therapist will have practical suggestions for the present challenges, but will also look for issues from your past which may be surfacing through your emotional responses.\\nBe patient. If your emotional overreactions are the result of long-buried issues, the treatment is likely to take some time. Don't expect results overnight.\\nIn some cases, you may be a candidate for medication. Although \\\"talk therapy\\\" is extremely helpful for many, sometimes certain medications can help. For instance, a person with anxiety that causes a lot of overreactions, anti-anxiety medication can be helpful.\\n2. Taking Care of Yourself\\n2-1. Get enough rest\\nSleep deprivation is a common source of stress, and can result in short tempers and overly-emotional responses to everyday situations. Taking care of yourself involves getting plenty of rest. If you're not getting enough sleep, it will be harder to change patterns of overreaction.\\nAvoid caffeine if it interferes with your sleep. Caffeine is found in sodas, coffee, teas, and other beverages. If you're drinking a beverage, make sure it doesn't contain caffeine.\\nFeeling tired increases your stress level, and may cause you to think irrationally.\\nIf you can't alter your sleep schedule, try to include rest and relaxation times as a part of your daily schedule. Short naps may help.\\n2-2. Make sure to eat regularly.\\nIf you're hungry, you're more likely to overreact. Include healthy, regular meals throughout your day. Make sure to eat a healthy breakfast with lots of protein and avoid hidden sugars in breakfast foods.\\nAvoid junk foods, sugary foods or other foods that may result in rapid elevation of blood sugar. Sugary snacks contribute to stress.\\n2-3. Exercise regularly.\\nExercise helps emotional regulation, and brings about a more positive mood. 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least 5 times per week has been shown to have benefits for mood regulation.\\nAerobic exercises, such as swimming, walking, running or cycling, use the lungs and heart. Include aerobic exercises as part of your workout routine no matter what other exercises you choose to include. If you can't spare 30 minutes per day, start with a shorter time period. Even 10-15 minutes will bring improvement.\\nStrength training, such as weight lifting or resistance training, helps strengthen bones as well as muscles.\\nFlexibility exercises, such as stretching and yoga, help prevent injury. Yoga helps address anxiety and stress, and is highly recommended for those trying to avoid overreacting.\\n2-4. Be aware of your emotions.\\nWhen someone isn't aware of their feelings until they're already overreacting, it can be difficult to change. The trick is to become aware of your emotions before they're too big. Learn to identify within yourself the precursors to being overly reactive.\\nSigns may be physical, such as a stiff neck or rapid heartbeat.\\nNaming the feeling means that you're able to employ both sides of your brain in developing coping strategies.\\nThe more aware you become of your own internal reactions, the less likely you will be to become overwhelmed by them.\\nWarnings\\nNot all strong emotional responses are overreactions. Don't discount your feelings simply because they're intense.\\nIf your overreactions are causing you legal problems, seek help immediately.\\nSometimes overreactions can be a symptom of mental illness. If this is the case, you'll need to seek help for your mental illness while addressing the issue of overreacting.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Overreacting means having an emotional reaction out of proportion to the situation.There are two kinds of overreacting: internal and external. External overreactions are actions and behaviors that other people can see, such as shouting at someone angrily. Internal overreactions are emotional responses that others may or may not notice, such as deciding to give up on the drama club because you did not get the part you wanted. Both forms of overreaction result in damage done to reputations, relationships, reputation and self-esteem. You can avoid overreacting by learning more about what's causing your emotional response, and finding new ways of dealing with it.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning About Cognitive Distortion\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn to be aware of cognitive distortions.\", \"描述\": \"Cognitive distortions are automatic thinking patterns that cause the person to distort reality. For people who have overreactions, it is typically because of negative or highly self-critical judgement that make a person feel negatively about his or herself. Unless a person learns to recognize a cognitive distortion, he or she will continue to react in a way that does not reflect reality. Everything gets blown out of proportion, often leading to over-reaction.\\nThese are typically formed in childhood. Having an authority figure (such as a parent or teacher) with a high level of perfectionism, or is overly critical, or with unrealistic expectations can easily lead to this.\\n\\\"Don't believe everything you think!\\\" Becoming more aware of patterns of cognitive distortion allows you to make other choices in how to react. Just because you think something, does not automatically mean you have to accept it as fact. Challenging unhelpful or unscrutinized thoughts can lead to freedom.\\nOnly seeing the potential for negative outcomes, and habitually disqualifying the positive, is a common cognitive distortion.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand Common Types of Cognitive Distortions.\", \"描述\": \"Everyone has had experience or at least seen others over-react to situations. For some people, these reactions can become a habit or way of seeing the world. These include:\\nOver-generalization. For example, a child who had a bad experience with a large dog may forever be nervous around dogs.\\nJumping to conclusions. Example: A girl is nervous about an upcoming date. The boy texts that he has to reschedule. The girl decides he must not be interested in her or that would not happen, so cancels the date. In reality, the boy was interested.\\n\\\"Catastrophising\\\". A woman is having a rough time at work, and worries that she will be fired and then will be homeless. Instead of focusing on her time management skills, she suffers from constant anxiety.\\n\\\"Black and White\\\" Thinking--being inflexible. On a family vacation, the father is frustrated by the poor quality hotel room. Instead of focusing on the lovely beach, and the kids who scarcely spend any time at the room, he constantly grumbles and ruins the fun for everyone else.\\n\\\"Should, Must, and Ought-to\\\" These words are often loaded with judgement. If you find yourself using these words about yourself in a negative, judgmental way, consider re-phrasing it. For example:\\nNegative: \\\"I'm out of shape; I should go to the gym.\\\" More positive: \\\"I want to be healthier, and I will check out if there is a class I might like at the gym.\\\"\\nNegative: \\\"I must get my kid to pay attention to me when I talk.\\\" Positive: \\\"How can I talk so that he will listen to me more?\\\"\\nNegative: \\\"I ought to get better than a B on my exam!\\\" Positive: \\\"I know I can get better than a B. But if I don't, a B is still a respectable grade.\\\"\\nSometimes things must, should, or ought to be done...there are some things that are properly worded in such a way. But catching yourself using these words negatively and in a rigid way indicates a way of thinking that may be unnecessarily negative and rigid.\\n\\nWrite down automatic thoughts in a journal or diary. Just listing what you think can help you recognize its existence, when it happens, what it is, and help you observe them.Ask yourself if there is any other way to consider the source of your cognitive distortion. Is this automatic thought part of a pattern? If so, where did it start? How is it serving you now? Becoming more conscious of your own subconscious thought patters will help keep you from overreacting.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Identify \\\"all or nothing\\\" ways of thinking.\", \"描述\": \"This kind of automatic thought pattern, also known as \\\"black and white\\\" thinking, is a primary cause of overreaction. Automatic thoughts are not based in rational thought, but in fearful, overly emotional reactions to stressful situations.\\nThe \\\"all or nothing\\\" thinking is a common cognitive distortion. Sometimes things are all-or-nothing, but normally there are ways to get some or most of what you want, or find an alternative.\\nLearn to listen critically to your inner self-talk, and notice what it's telling you. If your inner self-talk is filled with cognitive distortions, that can help you recognize that the \\\"voice\\\" that is talking to you is not necessarily accurate.\\nConsider practicing affirmations to follow the automatic thought. Affirmations allow you to reframe the negative, \\\"all or nothing\\\" thinking with a positive statement that reflects your new beliefs. For example, remind yourself, \\\"A mistake isn't failure. It's a learning process. Everyone makes mistakes. Others will understand.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take a deep breath before responding.\", \"描述\": \"Pausing to take a breath allows you time to consider possible alternatives. It may disengage you from automatic thought patterns. Breathe in through the nose for a count of four; hold the breath for a count of three, then slowly breathe out through the mouth for a count of five. Repeat if necessary.\\nWhen your breathing is rapid, your body believes it is engaged in a \\\"fight or flight\\\" struggle, and raises your anxiety level. You will be more likely to respond with heightened emotions and fear.\\nIf your breath is slower, your body will believe you're calm, and you'll be more likely to be able to access rational thought.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Identify patterns in your overreactions.\", \"描述\": \"Most people have \\\"triggers,\\\" which may generate emotional overreactions. Common triggers include envy, rejection, criticism, and control. By learning more about your own triggers, you'll be more likely to control your emotional reactions to them.\\nEnvy is when someone else gets something you want, or that you feel you deserve.\\nRejection occurs when someone is excluded or turned away. Exclusion from a group activates the same brain receptors as physical pain.\\nCriticism allows someone to engage in the cognitive distortion of overgeneralizing. The person confuses a critical response with not being liked or appreciated as a person, not just the single act that's being criticized.\\nControl issues cause overreaction when you're overly worried about not getting what you want or losing what you have. This is also an example of catastrophising.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get some perspective.\", \"描述\": \"Ask yourself, \\\"How important is this? Will I remember it tomorrow? Or a year from now? How about 20 years from now?\\\" If the answer is no, then whatever you're reacting to in the moment isn't a big deal. Allow yourself to take a step back from the situation, and acknowledge that it might not be that important.\\nIs there any part of the situation that you can do anything about? Are there ways that you can work together with another person to make the changes that will help you? If there are, then try these.\\nTry to become willing to accept the parts of the situation that you can't change. This doesn't mean allowing another person to hurt you or that you shouldn't have boundaries. Sometimes it means accepting that you can't change the situation, and deciding to leave.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Retrain your brain.\", \"描述\": \"When someone habitually has a difficult time regulating their temper, the brain has a weak connection between its highly responsive emotional center, and the part of the brain responsible for rational thought. Building a stronger connection between these two brain centers helps to avoid overreacting.\\nDialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) is one treatment that has been shown to be effective with people who have emotional regulation challenges. It works through increasing self-knowledge and offering cognitive restructuring.\\nNeurofeedback and biofeedback are both therapies shown to be effective in treating people with emotional regulation issues. The patient learns to monitor his psychological response, and therefore gain control over his overreactions. Although some studies support the use of neurofeedback, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"See a professional.\", \"描述\": \"Overreacting might be the result of long-standing issues that a therapist can help you sort out. Understanding the underlying causes of your overreactions can help you gain control over them.\\nIf your overreactions are affecting your relationship or marriage, consider seeing the therapist together with your partner or spouse.\\nA good therapist will have practical suggestions for the present challenges, but will also look for issues from your past which may be surfacing through your emotional responses.\\nBe patient. If your emotional overreactions are the result of long-buried issues, the treatment is likely to take some time. Don't expect results overnight.\\nIn some cases, you may be a candidate for medication. Although \\\"talk therapy\\\" is extremely helpful for many, sometimes certain medications can help. For instance, a person with anxiety that causes a lot of overreactions, anti-anxiety medication can be helpful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking Care of Yourself\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get enough rest\", \"描述\": \"Sleep deprivation is a common source of stress, and can result in short tempers and overly-emotional responses to everyday situations. Taking care of yourself involves getting plenty of rest. If you're not getting enough sleep, it will be harder to change patterns of overreaction.\\nAvoid caffeine if it interferes with your sleep. Caffeine is found in sodas, coffee, teas, and other beverages. If you're drinking a beverage, make sure it doesn't contain caffeine.\\nFeeling tired increases your stress level, and may cause you to think irrationally.\\nIf you can't alter your sleep schedule, try to include rest and relaxation times as a part of your daily schedule. Short naps may help.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure to eat regularly.\", \"描述\": \"If you're hungry, you're more likely to overreact. Include healthy, regular meals throughout your day. Make sure to eat a healthy breakfast with lots of protein and avoid hidden sugars in breakfast foods.\\nAvoid junk foods, sugary foods or other foods that may result in rapid elevation of blood sugar. Sugary snacks contribute to stress.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Exercise regularly.\", \"描述\": \"Exercise helps emotional regulation, and brings about a more positive mood. 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least 5 times per week has been shown to have benefits for mood regulation.\\nAerobic exercises, such as swimming, walking, running or cycling, use the lungs and heart. Include aerobic exercises as part of your workout routine no matter what other exercises you choose to include. If you can't spare 30 minutes per day, start with a shorter time period. Even 10-15 minutes will bring improvement.\\nStrength training, such as weight lifting or resistance training, helps strengthen bones as well as muscles.\\nFlexibility exercises, such as stretching and yoga, help prevent injury. Yoga helps address anxiety and stress, and is highly recommended for those trying to avoid overreacting.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be aware of your emotions.\", \"描述\": \"When someone isn't aware of their feelings until they're already overreacting, it can be difficult to change. The trick is to become aware of your emotions before they're too big. Learn to identify within yourself the precursors to being overly reactive.\\nSigns may be physical, such as a stiff neck or rapid heartbeat.\\nNaming the feeling means that you're able to employ both sides of your brain in developing coping strategies.\\nThe more aware you become of your own internal reactions, the less likely you will be to become overwhelmed by them.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Not all strong emotional responses are overreactions. Don't discount your feelings simply because they're intense.\\n\", \"If your overreactions are causing you legal problems, seek help immediately.\\n\", \"Sometimes overreactions can be a symptom of mental illness. If this is the case, you'll need to seek help for your mental illness while addressing the issue of overreacting.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,140 | How to Avoid Oversharing on Social Media | 1. Choosing Your Content Wisely
1-1. Avoid sharing about controversial topics.
Certain topics like politics, religion, and polarizing issues can cause heated arguments and may alienate some of your followers. If you don't want to engage in arguments or lose followers, avoid posting about these topics or post neutral comments.
1-2. Act like you're sharing with someone who is right beside you.
It's easy to post or reblog something instantaneously, without giving it much thought. But is the story, image, or other content you're posting really necessary? Does it contain content you'd feel was appropriate to communicate to someone in person? If not, reconsider sharing it at all.
Imagine your mom, brother, or best friend is sitting beside you while you share something online. Would they be upset by what you're posting? Offended? Grossed out? If so, don't post it.
Use your judgement and try to imagine how you would feel if you randomly stumbled across the content you intend to post.
1-3. Keep your sharing positive and polite.
Instead of posting about negative interactions with others, post only information about your positive interactions. For instance, don't post content related to your child's misbehavior or a conflict you got into with your spouse. Instead, post content related to your child's good grades, or a pleasant date you went on with your spouse.
Posting negative content is quite personal and could make others uncomfortable – even if they are not referenced directly in your post.
1-4. Consider who is going to see your posts.
If you're using strong language in a post, you might want to limit it to only certain people, or adjust the settings on the post so that certain individuals cannot see your post. Or out of respect for your parents, for instance, you might choose to prohibit them from seeing your posts regarding a certain sensitive topic.
In other cases, you might want to share an inside joke with friends. Instead of opening the post up to all your social media followers, you might instead just send the joke as a group message directly to your friends.
1-5. Avoid sharing information about bodily functions and changes.
Nobody wants to know about your most recent bowel movement. Likewise, avoid sharing information (including imagery) about menstruation, colonoscopies, and urination. Unless you're pregnant, losing weight, or have a cold, avoid sharing details about your physical condition and bodily habits.
You can tastefully share some physical states or events. For instance, you might post that you gave birth to a child on social media. You could even post an image of the newborn wrapped snugly in a blanket. But it would be inappropriate to post an image of your child being born.
2. Staying Safe On Social Media
2-1. Keep personal information to yourself.
Sharing the names of your pets, your grandmother's name, or your favorite movie could lead to problems later on. This unique identifying information often composes the security questions for banks, credit cards, and other financial information. Oversharing personal info, therefore, can lead to identity theft.
Remember that anything you post on the internet is in the public domain, even if you use privacy settings. While social media is a great way to stay in touch with friends and family, other people may also be able to see what you post.
2-2. Keep your social media profiles private.
If possible, only post information privately. On social media platforms that do not allow private posting, post as little as possible. Try to limit yourself to reposts of existing material – links to articles or songs you liked, for instance.
Keeping your social media profile private means that you'll only be sharing with a select few people (your friends or approved followers).
2-3. Turn off automatic location functions.
Many apps have automatic check-in options to let people know where you are. This can be very dangerous for you and your family because it tells people where you are at the moment. Someone who has bad intentions can use that information to rob your home while you're away. By turning your location function off on your phone or tablet, you'll be better able to control who knows where you are, what you're doing, and when you're doing it.
If you need to use your GPS, just turn the location function back on.
Consult your user guide for your phone or tablet for more information about how you can turn off location sharing features.
2-4. Don't check in everywhere you go.
Most people neither need nor want to know where you went grocery shopping, or what dog groomer you took your pet too. You can easily avoid oversharing these superfluous details of your day by turning off automatic location functions.
Additionally, think carefully about where you check-in. Limit check-ins to special events and trips. Don't check-in when visiting your friends, the laundromat, or other places that do not hold special interest. Additionally, don't check-in from places far from home, since this will alert potential criminals that you won't be returning to your home any time soon.
2-5. Don't announce vacations or absences from home ahead of time.
Like most people, you probably have many “friends” on social media who are in fact little more than acquaintances. Letting these people know that you will be away from home for a certain length of time might increase the likelihood that they will use this information to rob or vandalize your house.
3. Keeping Out of Trouble
3-1. Don't share pictures of others without consent.
If you're taking pictures of friends or even family members, they might not like the pictures. And if they don't like the pictures, they probably won't want them available for the whole world to see on social media. Ask friends and others in the images you take if it is alright to post them on social media.
In some places, posting images of children – even your own children – without their approval is illegal.
If your child is old enough to ask whether you're posting a photo of them online, you should ask them if it is okay for you to do so.
Even if others approve you posting the photo, think twice before doing so. Oversharing images of yourself with your friends or your children might grow tiresome for people consuming your social media.
3-2. Don't share incriminating information.
There are a number of things you could say on social media that might damage your reputation or even get you in legal trouble. For instance, if you post how drunk you were last night (or drunk you are currently), the post might give a future employer or college application evaluator the wrong impression about who you are.
Employers and colleges often check social media accounts, so your controversial posts could cost you your job or education.
Likewise, if you are an illegal immigrant, you should not post information about how you came to be in your current country, or mention your current legal status.
3-3. Don't post anything related to your work.
Posting critical comments about your coworkers, employer, or employees could land you in hot water. Even posting something good, though, might get you in trouble. For instance, if your employer sees you were using social media instead of working, they might be upset. Avoid sharing anything about your work experiences on social media.
If you want, you could share where you work, but never relate stories about your workday on social media.
Assume your employer will see all your social media posts.
4. Adopting Methods to Limit Sharing
4-1. Talk to your friends outside of social media.
Instead of sharing everything you want to say to your friends on social media, catch up with them later and strike up a conversation about whatever it is you want to communicate. You can communicate with your friends about both online content and real-world situations or ideas. For instance, if you have a funny video you want your friends to see, arrange to meet them and say, “I have a funny video I think you'd like to see. Let's watch it together.”
That way, you will ensure that they see it, since many people have so much information coming through their social media that they don't have time to check it all.
You'll also avoid oversharing since you're adding one less post to social media.
Don't forget the importance of face-to-face and phone conversations.
4-2. Respond to other posts.
There's more to social media than just posting your own content about your own life. Limit your risk of oversharing by browsing news articles and commenting on friends' pages. Try to put the “social” in social media.
It's especially important to respond to your friends' posts regarding sincere emotional pain. It's even better if you call or visit them as well.
Responding to other posts on some social media platforms is best done through built-in approval indicators or by rebroadcasting the post you identified with, enjoyed, or found amusing.
4-3. Unplug for a while.
Spend at least a day or two each week where you don't use social media at all. This will give you time to decompress from the information overload that can take hold of even seasoned web users. Taking time away from social media will reduce the pressure you might sometimes feel to contribute new content to your social media streams, which can lead to oversharing.
If you find you're checking social media so much that it interferes with your work, academic, or real social life, implement a steeper cut in your social media usage.
There are many things you can do instead of oversharing on social media. For instance, you could play baseball with your friends. You could invite your family for a hike in the woods.
If you prefer spending time alone off of social media, you could catch up on your reading or learn how to bake a new recipe.
Think about some of your favorite hobbies and spend time doing them instead of oversharing on social media.
4-4. Watch for signs of social media or internet addiction.
Social media and the internet can reward your brain in the same way that drugs do, and they can cause you to become overstimulated if you use them throughout the day. You need to make sure that you have a life and interests outside of social media. If you find yourself constantly checking your accounts or struggling with oversharing, look for the symptoms of addiction:
Feelings of guilt
Anxiety
Depression
Dishonesty
Euphoric feelings when in front of the computer
Unable to keep schedules
No sense of time
Isolation
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing Your Content Wisely\\n1-1. Avoid sharing about controversial topics.\\nCertain topics like politics, religion, and polarizing issues can cause heated arguments and may alienate some of your followers. If you don't want to engage in arguments or lose followers, avoid posting about these topics or post neutral comments.\\n1-2. Act like you're sharing with someone who is right beside you.\\nIt's easy to post or reblog something instantaneously, without giving it much thought. But is the story, image, or other content you're posting really necessary? Does it contain content you'd feel was appropriate to communicate to someone in person? If not, reconsider sharing it at all.\\nImagine your mom, brother, or best friend is sitting beside you while you share something online. Would they be upset by what you're posting? Offended? Grossed out? If so, don't post it.\\nUse your judgement and try to imagine how you would feel if you randomly stumbled across the content you intend to post.\\n1-3. Keep your sharing positive and polite.\\nInstead of posting about negative interactions with others, post only information about your positive interactions. For instance, don't post content related to your child's misbehavior or a conflict you got into with your spouse. Instead, post content related to your child's good grades, or a pleasant date you went on with your spouse.\\nPosting negative content is quite personal and could make others uncomfortable – even if they are not referenced directly in your post.\\n1-4. Consider who is going to see your posts.\\nIf you're using strong language in a post, you might want to limit it to only certain people, or adjust the settings on the post so that certain individuals cannot see your post. Or out of respect for your parents, for instance, you might choose to prohibit them from seeing your posts regarding a certain sensitive topic.\\nIn other cases, you might want to share an inside joke with friends. Instead of opening the post up to all your social media followers, you might instead just send the joke as a group message directly to your friends.\\n1-5. Avoid sharing information about bodily functions and changes.\\nNobody wants to know about your most recent bowel movement. Likewise, avoid sharing information (including imagery) about menstruation, colonoscopies, and urination. Unless you're pregnant, losing weight, or have a cold, avoid sharing details about your physical condition and bodily habits.\\nYou can tastefully share some physical states or events. For instance, you might post that you gave birth to a child on social media. You could even post an image of the newborn wrapped snugly in a blanket. But it would be inappropriate to post an image of your child being born.\\n2. Staying Safe On Social Media\\n2-1. Keep personal information to yourself.\\nSharing the names of your pets, your grandmother's name, or your favorite movie could lead to problems later on. This unique identifying information often composes the security questions for banks, credit cards, and other financial information. Oversharing personal info, therefore, can lead to identity theft.\\nRemember that anything you post on the internet is in the public domain, even if you use privacy settings. While social media is a great way to stay in touch with friends and family, other people may also be able to see what you post.\\n2-2. Keep your social media profiles private.\\nIf possible, only post information privately. On social media platforms that do not allow private posting, post as little as possible. Try to limit yourself to reposts of existing material – links to articles or songs you liked, for instance.\\nKeeping your social media profile private means that you'll only be sharing with a select few people (your friends or approved followers).\\n2-3. Turn off automatic location functions.\\nMany apps have automatic check-in options to let people know where you are. This can be very dangerous for you and your family because it tells people where you are at the moment. Someone who has bad intentions can use that information to rob your home while you're away. By turning your location function off on your phone or tablet, you'll be better able to control who knows where you are, what you're doing, and when you're doing it.\\nIf you need to use your GPS, just turn the location function back on.\\nConsult your user guide for your phone or tablet for more information about how you can turn off location sharing features.\\n2-4. Don't check in everywhere you go.\\nMost people neither need nor want to know where you went grocery shopping, or what dog groomer you took your pet too. You can easily avoid oversharing these superfluous details of your day by turning off automatic location functions.\\nAdditionally, think carefully about where you check-in. Limit check-ins to special events and trips. Don't check-in when visiting your friends, the laundromat, or other places that do not hold special interest. Additionally, don't check-in from places far from home, since this will alert potential criminals that you won't be returning to your home any time soon.\\n2-5. Don't announce vacations or absences from home ahead of time.\\nLike most people, you probably have many “friends” on social media who are in fact little more than acquaintances. Letting these people know that you will be away from home for a certain length of time might increase the likelihood that they will use this information to rob or vandalize your house.\\n3. Keeping Out of Trouble\\n3-1. Don't share pictures of others without consent.\\nIf you're taking pictures of friends or even family members, they might not like the pictures. And if they don't like the pictures, they probably won't want them available for the whole world to see on social media. Ask friends and others in the images you take if it is alright to post them on social media.\\nIn some places, posting images of children – even your own children – without their approval is illegal.\\nIf your child is old enough to ask whether you're posting a photo of them online, you should ask them if it is okay for you to do so.\\nEven if others approve you posting the photo, think twice before doing so. Oversharing images of yourself with your friends or your children might grow tiresome for people consuming your social media.\\n3-2. Don't share incriminating information.\\nThere are a number of things you could say on social media that might damage your reputation or even get you in legal trouble. For instance, if you post how drunk you were last night (or drunk you are currently), the post might give a future employer or college application evaluator the wrong impression about who you are.\\nEmployers and colleges often check social media accounts, so your controversial posts could cost you your job or education.\\nLikewise, if you are an illegal immigrant, you should not post information about how you came to be in your current country, or mention your current legal status.\\n3-3. Don't post anything related to your work.\\nPosting critical comments about your coworkers, employer, or employees could land you in hot water. Even posting something good, though, might get you in trouble. For instance, if your employer sees you were using social media instead of working, they might be upset. Avoid sharing anything about your work experiences on social media.\\nIf you want, you could share where you work, but never relate stories about your workday on social media.\\nAssume your employer will see all your social media posts.\\n4. Adopting Methods to Limit Sharing\\n4-1. Talk to your friends outside of social media.\\nInstead of sharing everything you want to say to your friends on social media, catch up with them later and strike up a conversation about whatever it is you want to communicate. You can communicate with your friends about both online content and real-world situations or ideas. For instance, if you have a funny video you want your friends to see, arrange to meet them and say, “I have a funny video I think you'd like to see. Let's watch it together.”\\nThat way, you will ensure that they see it, since many people have so much information coming through their social media that they don't have time to check it all.\\nYou'll also avoid oversharing since you're adding one less post to social media.\\nDon't forget the importance of face-to-face and phone conversations.\\n4-2. Respond to other posts.\\nThere's more to social media than just posting your own content about your own life. Limit your risk of oversharing by browsing news articles and commenting on friends' pages. Try to put the “social” in social media.\\nIt's especially important to respond to your friends' posts regarding sincere emotional pain. It's even better if you call or visit them as well.\\nResponding to other posts on some social media platforms is best done through built-in approval indicators or by rebroadcasting the post you identified with, enjoyed, or found amusing.\\n4-3. Unplug for a while.\\nSpend at least a day or two each week where you don't use social media at all. This will give you time to decompress from the information overload that can take hold of even seasoned web users. Taking time away from social media will reduce the pressure you might sometimes feel to contribute new content to your social media streams, which can lead to oversharing.\\nIf you find you're checking social media so much that it interferes with your work, academic, or real social life, implement a steeper cut in your social media usage.\\nThere are many things you can do instead of oversharing on social media. For instance, you could play baseball with your friends. You could invite your family for a hike in the woods.\\nIf you prefer spending time alone off of social media, you could catch up on your reading or learn how to bake a new recipe.\\nThink about some of your favorite hobbies and spend time doing them instead of oversharing on social media.\\n4-4. Watch for signs of social media or internet addiction.\\nSocial media and the internet can reward your brain in the same way that drugs do, and they can cause you to become overstimulated if you use them throughout the day. You need to make sure that you have a life and interests outside of social media. If you find yourself constantly checking your accounts or struggling with oversharing, look for the symptoms of addiction:\\nFeelings of guilt\\nAnxiety\\nDepression\\nDishonesty\\nEuphoric feelings when in front of the computer\\nUnable to keep schedules\\nNo sense of time\\nIsolation\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most people agree that oversharing is a problem. Fortunately, there are several ways to avoid oversharing on social media. Choose what you post wisely, and avoid posting anything that your employer, friends, or family might not appreciate. Be mindful of your security when using social media, and avoid using check-in and automatic location functions, or posting any personally identifying information that an identity thief might use against you. Finally, take some time off of social media at least once each week, and post responses to news articles and friends' posts that don't require you to offer much information about your own life.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing Your Content Wisely\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid sharing about controversial topics.\", \"描述\": \"Certain topics like politics, religion, and polarizing issues can cause heated arguments and may alienate some of your followers. If you don't want to engage in arguments or lose followers, avoid posting about these topics or post neutral comments.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Act like you're sharing with someone who is right beside you.\", \"描述\": \"It's easy to post or reblog something instantaneously, without giving it much thought. But is the story, image, or other content you're posting really necessary? Does it contain content you'd feel was appropriate to communicate to someone in person? If not, reconsider sharing it at all.\\nImagine your mom, brother, or best friend is sitting beside you while you share something online. Would they be upset by what you're posting? Offended? Grossed out? If so, don't post it.\\nUse your judgement and try to imagine how you would feel if you randomly stumbled across the content you intend to post.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your sharing positive and polite.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of posting about negative interactions with others, post only information about your positive interactions. For instance, don't post content related to your child's misbehavior or a conflict you got into with your spouse. Instead, post content related to your child's good grades, or a pleasant date you went on with your spouse.\\nPosting negative content is quite personal and could make others uncomfortable – even if they are not referenced directly in your post.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider who is going to see your posts.\", \"描述\": \"If you're using strong language in a post, you might want to limit it to only certain people, or adjust the settings on the post so that certain individuals cannot see your post. Or out of respect for your parents, for instance, you might choose to prohibit them from seeing your posts regarding a certain sensitive topic.\\nIn other cases, you might want to share an inside joke with friends. Instead of opening the post up to all your social media followers, you might instead just send the joke as a group message directly to your friends.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid sharing information about bodily functions and changes.\", \"描述\": \"Nobody wants to know about your most recent bowel movement. Likewise, avoid sharing information (including imagery) about menstruation, colonoscopies, and urination. Unless you're pregnant, losing weight, or have a cold, avoid sharing details about your physical condition and bodily habits.\\nYou can tastefully share some physical states or events. For instance, you might post that you gave birth to a child on social media. You could even post an image of the newborn wrapped snugly in a blanket. But it would be inappropriate to post an image of your child being born.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Staying Safe On Social Media\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep personal information to yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Sharing the names of your pets, your grandmother's name, or your favorite movie could lead to problems later on. This unique identifying information often composes the security questions for banks, credit cards, and other financial information. Oversharing personal info, therefore, can lead to identity theft.\\nRemember that anything you post on the internet is in the public domain, even if you use privacy settings. While social media is a great way to stay in touch with friends and family, other people may also be able to see what you post.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep your social media profiles private.\", \"描述\": \"If possible, only post information privately. On social media platforms that do not allow private posting, post as little as possible. Try to limit yourself to reposts of existing material – links to articles or songs you liked, for instance.\\nKeeping your social media profile private means that you'll only be sharing with a select few people (your friends or approved followers).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Turn off automatic location functions.\", \"描述\": \"Many apps have automatic check-in options to let people know where you are. This can be very dangerous for you and your family because it tells people where you are at the moment. Someone who has bad intentions can use that information to rob your home while you're away. By turning your location function off on your phone or tablet, you'll be better able to control who knows where you are, what you're doing, and when you're doing it.\\nIf you need to use your GPS, just turn the location function back on.\\nConsult your user guide for your phone or tablet for more information about how you can turn off location sharing features.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't check in everywhere you go.\", \"描述\": \"Most people neither need nor want to know where you went grocery shopping, or what dog groomer you took your pet too. You can easily avoid oversharing these superfluous details of your day by turning off automatic location functions.\\nAdditionally, think carefully about where you check-in. Limit check-ins to special events and trips. Don't check-in when visiting your friends, the laundromat, or other places that do not hold special interest. Additionally, don't check-in from places far from home, since this will alert potential criminals that you won't be returning to your home any time soon.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Don't announce vacations or absences from home ahead of time.\", \"描述\": \"Like most people, you probably have many “friends” on social media who are in fact little more than acquaintances. Letting these people know that you will be away from home for a certain length of time might increase the likelihood that they will use this information to rob or vandalize your house.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keeping Out of Trouble\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't share pictures of others without consent.\", \"描述\": \"If you're taking pictures of friends or even family members, they might not like the pictures. And if they don't like the pictures, they probably won't want them available for the whole world to see on social media. Ask friends and others in the images you take if it is alright to post them on social media.\\nIn some places, posting images of children – even your own children – without their approval is illegal.\\nIf your child is old enough to ask whether you're posting a photo of them online, you should ask them if it is okay for you to do so.\\nEven if others approve you posting the photo, think twice before doing so. Oversharing images of yourself with your friends or your children might grow tiresome for people consuming your social media.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Don't share incriminating information.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of things you could say on social media that might damage your reputation or even get you in legal trouble. For instance, if you post how drunk you were last night (or drunk you are currently), the post might give a future employer or college application evaluator the wrong impression about who you are.\\nEmployers and colleges often check social media accounts, so your controversial posts could cost you your job or education.\\nLikewise, if you are an illegal immigrant, you should not post information about how you came to be in your current country, or mention your current legal status.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't post anything related to your work.\", \"描述\": \"Posting critical comments about your coworkers, employer, or employees could land you in hot water. Even posting something good, though, might get you in trouble. For instance, if your employer sees you were using social media instead of working, they might be upset. Avoid sharing anything about your work experiences on social media.\\nIf you want, you could share where you work, but never relate stories about your workday on social media.\\nAssume your employer will see all your social media posts.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adopting Methods to Limit Sharing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to your friends outside of social media.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of sharing everything you want to say to your friends on social media, catch up with them later and strike up a conversation about whatever it is you want to communicate. You can communicate with your friends about both online content and real-world situations or ideas. For instance, if you have a funny video you want your friends to see, arrange to meet them and say, “I have a funny video I think you'd like to see. Let's watch it together.”\\nThat way, you will ensure that they see it, since many people have so much information coming through their social media that they don't have time to check it all.\\nYou'll also avoid oversharing since you're adding one less post to social media.\\nDon't forget the importance of face-to-face and phone conversations.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Respond to other posts.\", \"描述\": \"There's more to social media than just posting your own content about your own life. Limit your risk of oversharing by browsing news articles and commenting on friends' pages. Try to put the “social” in social media.\\nIt's especially important to respond to your friends' posts regarding sincere emotional pain. It's even better if you call or visit them as well.\\nResponding to other posts on some social media platforms is best done through built-in approval indicators or by rebroadcasting the post you identified with, enjoyed, or found amusing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Unplug for a while.\", \"描述\": \"Spend at least a day or two each week where you don't use social media at all. This will give you time to decompress from the information overload that can take hold of even seasoned web users. Taking time away from social media will reduce the pressure you might sometimes feel to contribute new content to your social media streams, which can lead to oversharing.\\nIf you find you're checking social media so much that it interferes with your work, academic, or real social life, implement a steeper cut in your social media usage.\\nThere are many things you can do instead of oversharing on social media. For instance, you could play baseball with your friends. You could invite your family for a hike in the woods.\\nIf you prefer spending time alone off of social media, you could catch up on your reading or learn how to bake a new recipe.\\nThink about some of your favorite hobbies and spend time doing them instead of oversharing on social media.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Watch for signs of social media or internet addiction.\", \"描述\": \"Social media and the internet can reward your brain in the same way that drugs do, and they can cause you to become overstimulated if you use them throughout the day. You need to make sure that you have a life and interests outside of social media. If you find yourself constantly checking your accounts or struggling with oversharing, look for the symptoms of addiction:\\nFeelings of guilt\\nAnxiety\\nDepression\\nDishonesty\\nEuphoric feelings when in front of the computer\\nUnable to keep schedules\\nNo sense of time\\nIsolation\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,141 | How to Avoid Owing Taxes | 1. Correcting Your Withholding
1-1. Use the withholding calculator on the IRS website.
Money is withheld from your paycheck for federal income taxes according to the information you provided on Form W-4. If you owe taxes at the end of the year, this could be because you're not having enough money withheld from your paychecks.
You can find the withholding calculator on the IRS website at https://www.irs.gov/individuals/irs-withholding-calculator.
Estimate amounts you aren't sure of, but try to be as accurate as possible. When you've finished, compare the result to the W-4 you filled out with your employer and make changes as necessary.
1-2. Review the allowances you've claimed.
Each allowance you claim reduces the amount of money that is withheld from your paychecks. If you end up owing money at the end of the year, it may be because you're claiming too many allowances.
For example, if you've listed yourself as head of household, make sure you actually qualify for that allowance and are claiming it on your taxes. That could result in less money being withheld from your paycheck, which would mean you'd owe taxes at the end of the year.
1-3. Use the Two-Earners/Multiple Jobs worksheet if necessary.
This worksheet helps you ensure that the correct amount of money is being withheld from your paychecks if you are single and have more than one job. You should also use this if you're married and your spouse is employed.
You can download the form from the IRS website at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p505.pdf.
When you complete the worksheet, it will let you know if you need to have additional money withheld from your paycheck so you won't owe taxes at the end of the year. Fill out a new W-4 with your employer and put that amount in the space that asks if you'd like an additional amount withheld.
1-4. Adjust your withholding to account for major life changes.
If you get married or divorced, or if you have a child, these changes will affect your tax liability. Ask your employer for a new W-4 and change it accordingly to avoid owing taxes.
For example, suppose you get divorced. You were married when you completed your W-4, so taxes are being withheld at the lower married rate. However, if you file your tax return after the divorce, the IRS treats it as though you were single for the entire year and you'll end up owing taxes.
1-5. Request additional withholding.
If all else fails, you can avoid owing taxes simply by filling out a new W-4 and requesting to have an additional amount withheld from your paycheck. This may be the easiest way to fix the issue if there have been no other changes in your life that weren't accounted for on your W-4.
For example, if you file taxes and owe $1,000, you can simply fill out a new W-4 with your employer and request that an additional $1,000 be withheld from your paychecks over the course of the next year.
If you don’t discover that too little is being withheld until the end of the year, you might ask your employer to withhold additional tax from any end-of-the-year bonuses you expect to receive.
2. Paying Quarterly Estimated Taxes
2-1. Use IRS Form 1040-ES to calculate your tax liability.
If you expect to owe $1,000 or more in taxes at the end of the year, you may be required to pay estimated taxes to the IRS each quarter. Form 1040-ES can help you determine how much—if anything—you should be paying.
You can download the form at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040es.pdf.
Use Form 1040-ES if you have income from self-employment, or receive other income that isn't subject to withholding. Estimate the amount of that income on the form as best you can.
You may need to pay estimated taxes if you expect to owe $1000 in taxes and your withholding and refundable credits will be less than 90% of your current year’s total tax liability or 100% of last year’s tax liability.
If your adjusted gross income was $150,000 or greater (or $75,000 or greater if you married and filing separately), then you may owe estimated taxes if your withholding and refundable credits will be less than 110% of your prior year tax liability.
2-2. Enroll to pay taxes through the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).
If you find that you need to pay quarterly estimated taxes, the EFTPS provides the easiest way to do so. Visit the page at https://www.eftps.gov and click the "enroll" tab to begin.
You'll have to enter information about yourself, including your Social Security number. If you're filing taxes for a business, enter the business's employer identification number (EIN).
2-3. Complete enrollment once you get your PIN.
When you request enrollment in EFTPS, the IRS will verify your taxpayer identity and send a 4-digit PIN to you in the mail. You will need this PIN to log on to the system and complete your enrollment.
You should receive your PIN in 5 to 7 business days. If you don't get it in that time, call 1-800-555-4477 and explain the situation to the agent. They will confirm your identity and then provide you with a PIN to use.
2-4. Enter your banking information on your profile.
To make payments through EFTPS you must have a checking or savings account at a U.S. bank. When you set up a profile, you'll provide your account number and the routing number so electronic payments can be processed.
Once you enter your banking information in the system, customer service agents will be unable to help you if you lose your PIN – so keep it somewhere safe. This is to protect the privacy of your financial information.
2-5. Schedule quarterly payments.
Using EFTPS, you can schedule payments in the amount you calculated that you need to pay each quarter. EFTPS is simply a payment system—it can't determine the actual amount you owe.
You may want to use bookkeeping software, such as QuickBooks, to keep up with your business income and expenses so that you can be certain you're calculating your estimated taxes properly. You'll need to adjust them to account for changes in income throughout the year if you want to avoid owing taxes.
2-6. Pay online, by mail, or over the phone if you prefer.
The EFTPS is just one of several methods you can use to file and pay your estimated taxes. If you prefer, you can go to the IRS website and pay directly from your bank or a credit card, or mail your 1040-ES and a check to the appropriate address. There are also several numbers you can call to make a quick, secure payment by phone.
To make a payment online, visit the IRS payment website here: https://www.irs.gov/payments.
You can find a list of addresses for filing by mail here: https://www.irs.gov/filing/where-to-file-addresses-for-taxpayers-and-tax-professionals-filing-form-1040-es.
To pay your estimated taxes by phone, call 1-844-729-8298, 1-888-872-9829, or 1-888-729-1040.
2-7. Report your payments on your tax return.
When you file your tax return, you'll find a space where you can enter the total amount of estimated tax payments you've made for that year. That amount will be deducted from the amount of tax you owe.
If you properly calculated your estimated payments, you shouldn't owe any taxes at the end of the year. You might even get a small refund.
3. Maximizing Your Deductions
3-1. Itemize your deductions.
While most taxpayers simply take the standard deduction, choosing to itemize your deductions can allow you to deduct more of your yearly expenses. These greater deductions will reduce your tax liability.
For example, you may be able to deduct your state income or sales taxes for the year – but you can only do this if you itemize your deductions. Other itemized deductions include home mortgage interest, medical expenses, and charitable contributions.
If the thought of filing an itemized return intimidates you, simply retain receipts for potentially deductible expenses and take them to a tax professional at tax time. You can also use bookkeeping or personal finance software, which can help you identify deductible expenses.
3-2. Use bookkeeping software to organize deductible expenses.
The IRS places deductible expenses in categories. In some of these categories, you must have a minimum amount of expenses before you can deduct anything at all.
The minimum amount typically is expressed as a percentage of your adjusted gross income. For example, you can deduct medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income.
Understanding how potentially deductible expenses are categorized can help you plan your spending and finances to get the maximum possible deduction each year.
3-3. Pay deductible expenses together to cross the threshold.
You may be able to plan your spending so that you have enough deductible expenses in a particular category to allow you to deduct some or all of those expenses.
For example, suppose you have medical bills each year that come to about 5% of your adjusted gross income. If you can bunch those bills together so that you're paying them all in the same year, they'd come to 10% of your adjusted gross income. That enables you to deduct 2.5% of those expenses.
3-4. Account for reinvested dividends when figuring your cost basis.
If you have an investment account, such as a mutual fund, you may receive dividends on some of your investments. When you do, you must report that as income and pay capital gains tax. Remember to include any reinvested dividends in your cost basis, since this will help prevent you from overpaying on your capital gains tax.
You can find detailed information on how to calculate your basis and capital gains in the 1040 Schedule D form: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040sd.pdf.
3-5. Make a tax-deductible contribution to an IRA.
If you add money to a traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) before the tax filing deadline of April 15th, you may be able to deduct some or all of that contribution from your tax bill. Your deduction may be limited if you (or your spouse, if you’re married) are already covered by a retirement plan at work.You can’t deduct contributions to Roth IRAs from your taxes.
3-6. Contribute to a High Deductible Health Plan if you have one.
If you were covered by a High Deductible Health Plan during the tax year, you may be able to make a tax-deductible contribution to your Health Savings Account. To take advantage of this deduction, you must make a contribution before the April 15th filing deadline.
3-7. Evaluate your eligibility for tax credits.
Many taxpayers overlook tax credits, which can significantly offset your tax liability. Tax credits are a dollar-for-dollar reduction in the amount of tax you have to pay, unlike deductions.
Many credits are non-refundable, which means they can only reduce your tax liability to zero. However, some can result in a refund. The credits available change every year, but may include credits such as the Child Tax Credit and the Earned Income Tax Credit.
Tips
You may find it helpful to do a tax projection at some point during the year to estimate how much you’ll owe when it’s time to file your return. This is especially useful if you have sources of income that aren’t subject to withholding, like money from self-employment or a contractor job. To estimate your taxes, try using a tax projection calculator, like this one: https://www.360financialliteracy.org/Calculators/1040-Tax-Calculator.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Correcting Your Withholding\\n1-1. Use the withholding calculator on the IRS website.\\nMoney is withheld from your paycheck for federal income taxes according to the information you provided on Form W-4. If you owe taxes at the end of the year, this could be because you're not having enough money withheld from your paychecks.\\nYou can find the withholding calculator on the IRS website at https://www.irs.gov/individuals/irs-withholding-calculator.\\nEstimate amounts you aren't sure of, but try to be as accurate as possible. When you've finished, compare the result to the W-4 you filled out with your employer and make changes as necessary.\\n1-2. Review the allowances you've claimed.\\nEach allowance you claim reduces the amount of money that is withheld from your paychecks. If you end up owing money at the end of the year, it may be because you're claiming too many allowances.\\nFor example, if you've listed yourself as head of household, make sure you actually qualify for that allowance and are claiming it on your taxes. That could result in less money being withheld from your paycheck, which would mean you'd owe taxes at the end of the year.\\n1-3. Use the Two-Earners/Multiple Jobs worksheet if necessary.\\nThis worksheet helps you ensure that the correct amount of money is being withheld from your paychecks if you are single and have more than one job. You should also use this if you're married and your spouse is employed.\\nYou can download the form from the IRS website at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p505.pdf.\\nWhen you complete the worksheet, it will let you know if you need to have additional money withheld from your paycheck so you won't owe taxes at the end of the year. Fill out a new W-4 with your employer and put that amount in the space that asks if you'd like an additional amount withheld.\\n1-4. Adjust your withholding to account for major life changes.\\nIf you get married or divorced, or if you have a child, these changes will affect your tax liability. Ask your employer for a new W-4 and change it accordingly to avoid owing taxes.\\nFor example, suppose you get divorced. You were married when you completed your W-4, so taxes are being withheld at the lower married rate. However, if you file your tax return after the divorce, the IRS treats it as though you were single for the entire year and you'll end up owing taxes.\\n1-5. Request additional withholding.\\nIf all else fails, you can avoid owing taxes simply by filling out a new W-4 and requesting to have an additional amount withheld from your paycheck. This may be the easiest way to fix the issue if there have been no other changes in your life that weren't accounted for on your W-4.\\nFor example, if you file taxes and owe $1,000, you can simply fill out a new W-4 with your employer and request that an additional $1,000 be withheld from your paychecks over the course of the next year.\\nIf you don’t discover that too little is being withheld until the end of the year, you might ask your employer to withhold additional tax from any end-of-the-year bonuses you expect to receive.\\n2. Paying Quarterly Estimated Taxes\\n2-1. Use IRS Form 1040-ES to calculate your tax liability.\\nIf you expect to owe $1,000 or more in taxes at the end of the year, you may be required to pay estimated taxes to the IRS each quarter. Form 1040-ES can help you determine how much—if anything—you should be paying.\\nYou can download the form at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040es.pdf.\\nUse Form 1040-ES if you have income from self-employment, or receive other income that isn't subject to withholding. Estimate the amount of that income on the form as best you can.\\nYou may need to pay estimated taxes if you expect to owe $1000 in taxes and your withholding and refundable credits will be less than 90% of your current year’s total tax liability or 100% of last year’s tax liability.\\nIf your adjusted gross income was $150,000 or greater (or $75,000 or greater if you married and filing separately), then you may owe estimated taxes if your withholding and refundable credits will be less than 110% of your prior year tax liability.\\n2-2. Enroll to pay taxes through the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).\\nIf you find that you need to pay quarterly estimated taxes, the EFTPS provides the easiest way to do so. Visit the page at https://www.eftps.gov and click the \\\"enroll\\\" tab to begin.\\nYou'll have to enter information about yourself, including your Social Security number. If you're filing taxes for a business, enter the business's employer identification number (EIN).\\n2-3. Complete enrollment once you get your PIN.\\nWhen you request enrollment in EFTPS, the IRS will verify your taxpayer identity and send a 4-digit PIN to you in the mail. You will need this PIN to log on to the system and complete your enrollment.\\nYou should receive your PIN in 5 to 7 business days. If you don't get it in that time, call 1-800-555-4477 and explain the situation to the agent. They will confirm your identity and then provide you with a PIN to use.\\n2-4. Enter your banking information on your profile.\\nTo make payments through EFTPS you must have a checking or savings account at a U.S. bank. When you set up a profile, you'll provide your account number and the routing number so electronic payments can be processed.\\nOnce you enter your banking information in the system, customer service agents will be unable to help you if you lose your PIN – so keep it somewhere safe. This is to protect the privacy of your financial information.\\n2-5. Schedule quarterly payments.\\nUsing EFTPS, you can schedule payments in the amount you calculated that you need to pay each quarter. EFTPS is simply a payment system—it can't determine the actual amount you owe.\\nYou may want to use bookkeeping software, such as QuickBooks, to keep up with your business income and expenses so that you can be certain you're calculating your estimated taxes properly. You'll need to adjust them to account for changes in income throughout the year if you want to avoid owing taxes.\\n2-6. Pay online, by mail, or over the phone if you prefer.\\nThe EFTPS is just one of several methods you can use to file and pay your estimated taxes. If you prefer, you can go to the IRS website and pay directly from your bank or a credit card, or mail your 1040-ES and a check to the appropriate address. There are also several numbers you can call to make a quick, secure payment by phone.\\nTo make a payment online, visit the IRS payment website here: https://www.irs.gov/payments.\\nYou can find a list of addresses for filing by mail here: https://www.irs.gov/filing/where-to-file-addresses-for-taxpayers-and-tax-professionals-filing-form-1040-es.\\nTo pay your estimated taxes by phone, call 1-844-729-8298, 1-888-872-9829, or 1-888-729-1040.\\n2-7. Report your payments on your tax return.\\nWhen you file your tax return, you'll find a space where you can enter the total amount of estimated tax payments you've made for that year. That amount will be deducted from the amount of tax you owe.\\nIf you properly calculated your estimated payments, you shouldn't owe any taxes at the end of the year. You might even get a small refund.\\n3. Maximizing Your Deductions\\n3-1. Itemize your deductions.\\nWhile most taxpayers simply take the standard deduction, choosing to itemize your deductions can allow you to deduct more of your yearly expenses. These greater deductions will reduce your tax liability.\\nFor example, you may be able to deduct your state income or sales taxes for the year – but you can only do this if you itemize your deductions. Other itemized deductions include home mortgage interest, medical expenses, and charitable contributions.\\nIf the thought of filing an itemized return intimidates you, simply retain receipts for potentially deductible expenses and take them to a tax professional at tax time. You can also use bookkeeping or personal finance software, which can help you identify deductible expenses.\\n3-2. Use bookkeeping software to organize deductible expenses.\\nThe IRS places deductible expenses in categories. In some of these categories, you must have a minimum amount of expenses before you can deduct anything at all.\\nThe minimum amount typically is expressed as a percentage of your adjusted gross income. For example, you can deduct medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income.\\nUnderstanding how potentially deductible expenses are categorized can help you plan your spending and finances to get the maximum possible deduction each year.\\n3-3. Pay deductible expenses together to cross the threshold.\\nYou may be able to plan your spending so that you have enough deductible expenses in a particular category to allow you to deduct some or all of those expenses.\\nFor example, suppose you have medical bills each year that come to about 5% of your adjusted gross income. If you can bunch those bills together so that you're paying them all in the same year, they'd come to 10% of your adjusted gross income. That enables you to deduct 2.5% of those expenses.\\n3-4. Account for reinvested dividends when figuring your cost basis.\\nIf you have an investment account, such as a mutual fund, you may receive dividends on some of your investments. When you do, you must report that as income and pay capital gains tax. Remember to include any reinvested dividends in your cost basis, since this will help prevent you from overpaying on your capital gains tax.\\nYou can find detailed information on how to calculate your basis and capital gains in the 1040 Schedule D form: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040sd.pdf.\\n3-5. Make a tax-deductible contribution to an IRA.\\nIf you add money to a traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) before the tax filing deadline of April 15th, you may be able to deduct some or all of that contribution from your tax bill. Your deduction may be limited if you (or your spouse, if you’re married) are already covered by a retirement plan at work.You can’t deduct contributions to Roth IRAs from your taxes.\\n3-6. Contribute to a High Deductible Health Plan if you have one.\\nIf you were covered by a High Deductible Health Plan during the tax year, you may be able to make a tax-deductible contribution to your Health Savings Account. To take advantage of this deduction, you must make a contribution before the April 15th filing deadline.\\n3-7. Evaluate your eligibility for tax credits.\\nMany taxpayers overlook tax credits, which can significantly offset your tax liability. Tax credits are a dollar-for-dollar reduction in the amount of tax you have to pay, unlike deductions.\\nMany credits are non-refundable, which means they can only reduce your tax liability to zero. However, some can result in a refund. The credits available change every year, but may include credits such as the Child Tax Credit and the Earned Income Tax Credit.\\nTips\\nYou may find it helpful to do a tax projection at some point during the year to estimate how much you’ll owe when it’s time to file your return. This is especially useful if you have sources of income that aren’t subject to withholding, like money from self-employment or a contractor job. To estimate your taxes, try using a tax projection calculator, like this one: https://www.360financialliteracy.org/Calculators/1040-Tax-Calculator.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you end up having to pay taxes at the end of the year, it typically means that you haven't paid enough in taxes over the course of the year. You can fix this by adjusting the amount of money withheld from your paycheck, or by paying estimated taxes quarterly if you're self-employed. If you still end up owing the IRS money, you may be able to decrease your tax liability by maximizing your deductions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Correcting Your Withholding\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the withholding calculator on the IRS website.\", \"描述\": \"Money is withheld from your paycheck for federal income taxes according to the information you provided on Form W-4. If you owe taxes at the end of the year, this could be because you're not having enough money withheld from your paychecks.\\nYou can find the withholding calculator on the IRS website at https://www.irs.gov/individuals/irs-withholding-calculator.\\nEstimate amounts you aren't sure of, but try to be as accurate as possible. When you've finished, compare the result to the W-4 you filled out with your employer and make changes as necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Review the allowances you've claimed.\", \"描述\": \"Each allowance you claim reduces the amount of money that is withheld from your paychecks. If you end up owing money at the end of the year, it may be because you're claiming too many allowances.\\nFor example, if you've listed yourself as head of household, make sure you actually qualify for that allowance and are claiming it on your taxes. That could result in less money being withheld from your paycheck, which would mean you'd owe taxes at the end of the year.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the Two-Earners/Multiple Jobs worksheet if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"This worksheet helps you ensure that the correct amount of money is being withheld from your paychecks if you are single and have more than one job. You should also use this if you're married and your spouse is employed.\\nYou can download the form from the IRS website at http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p505.pdf.\\nWhen you complete the worksheet, it will let you know if you need to have additional money withheld from your paycheck so you won't owe taxes at the end of the year. Fill out a new W-4 with your employer and put that amount in the space that asks if you'd like an additional amount withheld.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Adjust your withholding to account for major life changes.\", \"描述\": \"If you get married or divorced, or if you have a child, these changes will affect your tax liability. Ask your employer for a new W-4 and change it accordingly to avoid owing taxes.\\nFor example, suppose you get divorced. You were married when you completed your W-4, so taxes are being withheld at the lower married rate. However, if you file your tax return after the divorce, the IRS treats it as though you were single for the entire year and you'll end up owing taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Request additional withholding.\", \"描述\": \"If all else fails, you can avoid owing taxes simply by filling out a new W-4 and requesting to have an additional amount withheld from your paycheck. This may be the easiest way to fix the issue if there have been no other changes in your life that weren't accounted for on your W-4.\\nFor example, if you file taxes and owe $1,000, you can simply fill out a new W-4 with your employer and request that an additional $1,000 be withheld from your paychecks over the course of the next year.\\nIf you don’t discover that too little is being withheld until the end of the year, you might ask your employer to withhold additional tax from any end-of-the-year bonuses you expect to receive.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Paying Quarterly Estimated Taxes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use IRS Form 1040-ES to calculate your tax liability.\", \"描述\": \"If you expect to owe $1,000 or more in taxes at the end of the year, you may be required to pay estimated taxes to the IRS each quarter. Form 1040-ES can help you determine how much—if anything—you should be paying.\\nYou can download the form at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040es.pdf.\\nUse Form 1040-ES if you have income from self-employment, or receive other income that isn't subject to withholding. Estimate the amount of that income on the form as best you can.\\nYou may need to pay estimated taxes if you expect to owe $1000 in taxes and your withholding and refundable credits will be less than 90% of your current year’s total tax liability or 100% of last year’s tax liability.\\nIf your adjusted gross income was $150,000 or greater (or $75,000 or greater if you married and filing separately), then you may owe estimated taxes if your withholding and refundable credits will be less than 110% of your prior year tax liability.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll to pay taxes through the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).\", \"描述\": \"If you find that you need to pay quarterly estimated taxes, the EFTPS provides the easiest way to do so. Visit the page at https://www.eftps.gov and click the \\\"enroll\\\" tab to begin.\\nYou'll have to enter information about yourself, including your Social Security number. If you're filing taxes for a business, enter the business's employer identification number (EIN).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete enrollment once you get your PIN.\", \"描述\": \"When you request enrollment in EFTPS, the IRS will verify your taxpayer identity and send a 4-digit PIN to you in the mail. You will need this PIN to log on to the system and complete your enrollment.\\nYou should receive your PIN in 5 to 7 business days. If you don't get it in that time, call 1-800-555-4477 and explain the situation to the agent. They will confirm your identity and then provide you with a PIN to use.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enter your banking information on your profile.\", \"描述\": \"To make payments through EFTPS you must have a checking or savings account at a U.S. bank. When you set up a profile, you'll provide your account number and the routing number so electronic payments can be processed.\\nOnce you enter your banking information in the system, customer service agents will be unable to help you if you lose your PIN – so keep it somewhere safe. This is to protect the privacy of your financial information.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Schedule quarterly payments.\", \"描述\": \"Using EFTPS, you can schedule payments in the amount you calculated that you need to pay each quarter. EFTPS is simply a payment system—it can't determine the actual amount you owe.\\nYou may want to use bookkeeping software, such as QuickBooks, to keep up with your business income and expenses so that you can be certain you're calculating your estimated taxes properly. You'll need to adjust them to account for changes in income throughout the year if you want to avoid owing taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pay online, by mail, or over the phone if you prefer.\", \"描述\": \"The EFTPS is just one of several methods you can use to file and pay your estimated taxes. If you prefer, you can go to the IRS website and pay directly from your bank or a credit card, or mail your 1040-ES and a check to the appropriate address. There are also several numbers you can call to make a quick, secure payment by phone.\\nTo make a payment online, visit the IRS payment website here: https://www.irs.gov/payments.\\nYou can find a list of addresses for filing by mail here: https://www.irs.gov/filing/where-to-file-addresses-for-taxpayers-and-tax-professionals-filing-form-1040-es.\\nTo pay your estimated taxes by phone, call 1-844-729-8298, 1-888-872-9829, or 1-888-729-1040.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Report your payments on your tax return.\", \"描述\": \"When you file your tax return, you'll find a space where you can enter the total amount of estimated tax payments you've made for that year. That amount will be deducted from the amount of tax you owe.\\nIf you properly calculated your estimated payments, you shouldn't owe any taxes at the end of the year. You might even get a small refund.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maximizing Your Deductions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Itemize your deductions.\", \"描述\": \"While most taxpayers simply take the standard deduction, choosing to itemize your deductions can allow you to deduct more of your yearly expenses. These greater deductions will reduce your tax liability.\\nFor example, you may be able to deduct your state income or sales taxes for the year – but you can only do this if you itemize your deductions. Other itemized deductions include home mortgage interest, medical expenses, and charitable contributions.\\nIf the thought of filing an itemized return intimidates you, simply retain receipts for potentially deductible expenses and take them to a tax professional at tax time. You can also use bookkeeping or personal finance software, which can help you identify deductible expenses.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use bookkeeping software to organize deductible expenses.\", \"描述\": \"The IRS places deductible expenses in categories. In some of these categories, you must have a minimum amount of expenses before you can deduct anything at all.\\nThe minimum amount typically is expressed as a percentage of your adjusted gross income. For example, you can deduct medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income.\\nUnderstanding how potentially deductible expenses are categorized can help you plan your spending and finances to get the maximum possible deduction each year.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay deductible expenses together to cross the threshold.\", \"描述\": \"You may be able to plan your spending so that you have enough deductible expenses in a particular category to allow you to deduct some or all of those expenses.\\nFor example, suppose you have medical bills each year that come to about 5% of your adjusted gross income. If you can bunch those bills together so that you're paying them all in the same year, they'd come to 10% of your adjusted gross income. That enables you to deduct 2.5% of those expenses.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Account for reinvested dividends when figuring your cost basis.\", \"描述\": \"If you have an investment account, such as a mutual fund, you may receive dividends on some of your investments. When you do, you must report that as income and pay capital gains tax. Remember to include any reinvested dividends in your cost basis, since this will help prevent you from overpaying on your capital gains tax.\\nYou can find detailed information on how to calculate your basis and capital gains in the 1040 Schedule D form: https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/i1040sd.pdf.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make a tax-deductible contribution to an IRA.\", \"描述\": \"If you add money to a traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA) before the tax filing deadline of April 15th, you may be able to deduct some or all of that contribution from your tax bill. Your deduction may be limited if you (or your spouse, if you’re married) are already covered by a retirement plan at work.You can’t deduct contributions to Roth IRAs from your taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Contribute to a High Deductible Health Plan if you have one.\", \"描述\": \"If you were covered by a High Deductible Health Plan during the tax year, you may be able to make a tax-deductible contribution to your Health Savings Account. To take advantage of this deduction, you must make a contribution before the April 15th filing deadline.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Evaluate your eligibility for tax credits.\", \"描述\": \"Many taxpayers overlook tax credits, which can significantly offset your tax liability. Tax credits are a dollar-for-dollar reduction in the amount of tax you have to pay, unlike deductions.\\nMany credits are non-refundable, which means they can only reduce your tax liability to zero. However, some can result in a refund. The credits available change every year, but may include credits such as the Child Tax Credit and the Earned Income Tax Credit.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You may find it helpful to do a tax projection at some point during the year to estimate how much you’ll owe when it’s time to file your return. This is especially useful if you have sources of income that aren’t subject to withholding, like money from self-employment or a contractor job. To estimate your taxes, try using a tax projection calculator, like this one: https://www.360financialliteracy.org/Calculators/1040-Tax-Calculator.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,142 | How to Avoid Pain When Your Braces Are Tightened | 1. Remaining Calm Before and During Tightening
1-1. Talk to your orthodontist or dentist about the procedure.
If you are anxious, tell them so they can adapt your treatment.
Dentists and orthodontists are used to dealing with anxious patients.
They will explain the procedure to you and help you handle your anxiety.
They can also suggest ways to reduce your nervousness.
1-2. Practice deep breathing before and during the procedure.
This will provide a distraction for you and it can help to reduce your anxiety.
If you are more relaxed, you are less likely to be in a lot of pain.
Breathe in slowly through your nose.
Pause before exhaling slowly.
Keep breathing slowly and steadily in a rhythm. Concentrate on this and you will be distracted from what the dentist is doing.
1-3. Close your eyes and listen to music.
Bring an iPod, phone, or music player with you and listen to music or a podcast.
Choose music that is calming, rather than something jarring and energetic.
Alternatively, listen to an audiobook.
Bring earbuds so other patients can't hear your music.
Make a playlist ahead of time so you have enough music to last through your appointment.
Some dentists or orthodontists may have televisions for you to watch during the procedure or music playing in the background to distract you.
Some dentists' offices now have 3D virtual reality glasses, which you can wear to distract and entertain yourself during your entire procedure.
1-4. Avoid caffeine before your appointment.
Caffeine can make you more nervous and jittery. It can also keep your dental anesthetic from working as well, so it might be more difficult for your gum and teeth to become numb.
Drinks that contain caffeine include coffee, tea, sodas, and energy drinks.
Do drink plenty of water before your appointment.
Make sure to avoid any sugary drinks or foods before your appointment too.
1-5. Check to make sure none of the wires are poking you before leaving.
The best time to address this problem is at the appointment before you go home.
Ask your dentist or orthodontist to trim or adjust any wires that are poking or scraping your mouth.
If it is the brackets causing discomfort, ask your dentist to apply some dental wax to reduce any scraping.
Remember that it is normal for your braces to feel tight and to have some throbbing in your teeth after the procedure.
2. Using Over The Counter Medications
2-1. Take an over-the-counter painkiller or anti-inflammatory.
Make sure you check with your doctor before doing so.
Different medications you can take include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), and aspirin.
Check the dosing guidelines for a schedule and amounts.
Don't exceed the number of doses in a 24-hour period as labeled on the bottle.
Don't take the medication more often than recommended.
These can help take some of the aching and soreness associated with shifting teeth, but you may still experience some discomfort.
Carry the painkiller with you so that you have it when needed.
2-2. Take the medicine one hour before entering the office.
This way it will already be in effect before your appointment.
Be sure to take the amount with at least one full 8 ounce glass of water.
This should help to reduce any swelling and discomfort during your appointment.
After your appointment, take a full dose of your chosen painkiller according to the time schedule on the bottle.
Taking this on schedule for 24 hours after your appointment can help to reduce pain over the next day.
Avoid using chewable tablets, since these can be difficult to chew if your teeth are already sore and they can get stuck in your braces. Painkillers in liquid form work best.
2-3. Use an oral anesthetic to reduce discomfort.
These come in gel form and are available at most pharmacies.
Gels like Oragel and Anbesol are examples of these products.
The gel will numb any areas it contacts such as gums and teeth.
Most are flavored, though they can have an unpleasant taste.
Apply the gel to sore and tender areas of your mouth.
Use a q-tip to apply the gel and to spread it.
Try not to get the gel on your tongue; you might not feel your tongue and then bite it by accident.
3. Reducing Pain After the Procedure Without Medication
3-1. Modify your diet.
You should avoid any foods that require lots of chewing.
Eat a soft diet for the first 24 hours after your braces are tightened.
Stick to foods such as Jello, pudding, mashed potatoes, applesauce, soups and smoothies.
If you must eat something that has to be chewed, cut it into small pieces to reduce the amount of chewing you have to do.
Use a small spoon or fork (preferably made out of plastic or wood) while eating to avoid hitting your teeth with utensils.
3-2. Apply cold to your face and teeth to reduce pain and swelling.
You can use ice packs or drink cold water.
Use a gel or soft ice pack. Apply this to your cheeks for 15 minutes.
Drink plenty of cold water with a straw.
The cold from the water will help to numb your teeth and reduce the swelling in your gums.
Do not eat or drink warm substances immediately after drinking icy water; this can damage your braces and make your teeth hurt even more.
3-3. Rinse your mouth frequently.
Use a recommended mouthwash or salt water.
Mix a teaspoon of table salt into a glass of lukewarm water.
Swish the salt water around your mouth for 60 seconds.
This may sting any scrapes or sores you have from your braces at first, but will help to keep these clean and speed up healing.
Do the same with any mouthwash recommended by your dentist.
3-4. Brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush.
Using a regular toothbrush might cause more discomfort.
Remember to brush your teeth and braces at least twice a day.
Use a toothpaste for sensitive teeth, such as Sensodyne.
Sensodyne can help to reduce sensitivity and pain in your teeth due to tightened braces.
3-5. Use dental wax on any wires or brackets that are scraping your mouth.
This will protect you cheeks, lips and gums from scrapes and cuts.
Ask your dentist or orthodontist for a supply of dental wax. You can also buy this at pharmacies.
Apply a small amount of the wax to brackets and protruding wires in the morning after brushing your teeth.
Remove any wax before brushing your teeth at night.
Discard any used wax as it builds up bacteria.
Try to sleep without dental wax on, but if you have a very troublesome wire it is ok to use this product at night.
Keep your dental wax with you during the day in case you need to re-apply a small amount.
3-6. Apply a fluoride gel three times a week.
You should do this especially if your teeth are sensitive to cold things. In general, this gel can help with cavity prevention and tooth sensitivity. Sometimes you need a prescription for brush-on fluoride gel, so you should talk to your dentist about it before you use it.
There are also fluoride gels that your dentist can apply to your teeth about twice a year. Talk to your dentist about this option if you're concern about the sensitivity of your teeth or the possibility of getting cavities.
Tips
Make sure you have plenty of soft foods to eat after your braces are tightened.
If you are experiencing an unusual amount of discomfort, call your orthodontist. They might want to re-adjust your braces.
Don't take more than the recommended dosage of any anti-inflammatory medications.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:20",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Remaining Calm Before and During Tightening\\n1-1. Talk to your orthodontist or dentist about the procedure.\\nIf you are anxious, tell them so they can adapt your treatment.\\nDentists and orthodontists are used to dealing with anxious patients.\\nThey will explain the procedure to you and help you handle your anxiety.\\nThey can also suggest ways to reduce your nervousness.\\n1-2. Practice deep breathing before and during the procedure.\\nThis will provide a distraction for you and it can help to reduce your anxiety. \\nIf you are more relaxed, you are less likely to be in a lot of pain.\\nBreathe in slowly through your nose.\\nPause before exhaling slowly.\\nKeep breathing slowly and steadily in a rhythm. Concentrate on this and you will be distracted from what the dentist is doing.\\n1-3. Close your eyes and listen to music.\\nBring an iPod, phone, or music player with you and listen to music or a podcast. \\nChoose music that is calming, rather than something jarring and energetic.\\nAlternatively, listen to an audiobook.\\nBring earbuds so other patients can't hear your music.\\nMake a playlist ahead of time so you have enough music to last through your appointment.\\nSome dentists or orthodontists may have televisions for you to watch during the procedure or music playing in the background to distract you.\\nSome dentists' offices now have 3D virtual reality glasses, which you can wear to distract and entertain yourself during your entire procedure.\\n1-4. Avoid caffeine before your appointment.\\nCaffeine can make you more nervous and jittery. It can also keep your dental anesthetic from working as well, so it might be more difficult for your gum and teeth to become numb.\\nDrinks that contain caffeine include coffee, tea, sodas, and energy drinks.\\nDo drink plenty of water before your appointment.\\nMake sure to avoid any sugary drinks or foods before your appointment too.\\n1-5. Check to make sure none of the wires are poking you before leaving.\\nThe best time to address this problem is at the appointment before you go home.\\nAsk your dentist or orthodontist to trim or adjust any wires that are poking or scraping your mouth.\\nIf it is the brackets causing discomfort, ask your dentist to apply some dental wax to reduce any scraping.\\nRemember that it is normal for your braces to feel tight and to have some throbbing in your teeth after the procedure.\\n2. Using Over The Counter Medications\\n2-1. Take an over-the-counter painkiller or anti-inflammatory.\\nMake sure you check with your doctor before doing so.\\nDifferent medications you can take include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), and aspirin.\\nCheck the dosing guidelines for a schedule and amounts.\\nDon't exceed the number of doses in a 24-hour period as labeled on the bottle.\\nDon't take the medication more often than recommended.\\nThese can help take some of the aching and soreness associated with shifting teeth, but you may still experience some discomfort.\\nCarry the painkiller with you so that you have it when needed.\\n2-2. Take the medicine one hour before entering the office.\\nThis way it will already be in effect before your appointment.\\nBe sure to take the amount with at least one full 8 ounce glass of water.\\nThis should help to reduce any swelling and discomfort during your appointment.\\nAfter your appointment, take a full dose of your chosen painkiller according to the time schedule on the bottle.\\nTaking this on schedule for 24 hours after your appointment can help to reduce pain over the next day.\\nAvoid using chewable tablets, since these can be difficult to chew if your teeth are already sore and they can get stuck in your braces. Painkillers in liquid form work best.\\n2-3. Use an oral anesthetic to reduce discomfort.\\nThese come in gel form and are available at most pharmacies. \\nGels like Oragel and Anbesol are examples of these products.\\nThe gel will numb any areas it contacts such as gums and teeth.\\nMost are flavored, though they can have an unpleasant taste.\\nApply the gel to sore and tender areas of your mouth.\\nUse a q-tip to apply the gel and to spread it.\\nTry not to get the gel on your tongue; you might not feel your tongue and then bite it by accident.\\n3. Reducing Pain After the Procedure Without Medication\\n3-1. Modify your diet.\\nYou should avoid any foods that require lots of chewing. \\nEat a soft diet for the first 24 hours after your braces are tightened.\\nStick to foods such as Jello, pudding, mashed potatoes, applesauce, soups and smoothies.\\nIf you must eat something that has to be chewed, cut it into small pieces to reduce the amount of chewing you have to do.\\nUse a small spoon or fork (preferably made out of plastic or wood) while eating to avoid hitting your teeth with utensils.\\n3-2. Apply cold to your face and teeth to reduce pain and swelling.\\nYou can use ice packs or drink cold water.\\nUse a gel or soft ice pack. Apply this to your cheeks for 15 minutes.\\nDrink plenty of cold water with a straw.\\nThe cold from the water will help to numb your teeth and reduce the swelling in your gums.\\nDo not eat or drink warm substances immediately after drinking icy water; this can damage your braces and make your teeth hurt even more.\\n3-3. Rinse your mouth frequently.\\nUse a recommended mouthwash or salt water. \\nMix a teaspoon of table salt into a glass of lukewarm water.\\nSwish the salt water around your mouth for 60 seconds.\\nThis may sting any scrapes or sores you have from your braces at first, but will help to keep these clean and speed up healing.\\nDo the same with any mouthwash recommended by your dentist.\\n3-4. Brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush.\\nUsing a regular toothbrush might cause more discomfort. \\nRemember to brush your teeth and braces at least twice a day.\\nUse a toothpaste for sensitive teeth, such as Sensodyne.\\nSensodyne can help to reduce sensitivity and pain in your teeth due to tightened braces.\\n3-5. Use dental wax on any wires or brackets that are scraping your mouth.\\nThis will protect you cheeks, lips and gums from scrapes and cuts.\\nAsk your dentist or orthodontist for a supply of dental wax. You can also buy this at pharmacies.\\nApply a small amount of the wax to brackets and protruding wires in the morning after brushing your teeth.\\nRemove any wax before brushing your teeth at night.\\nDiscard any used wax as it builds up bacteria.\\nTry to sleep without dental wax on, but if you have a very troublesome wire it is ok to use this product at night.\\nKeep your dental wax with you during the day in case you need to re-apply a small amount.\\n3-6. Apply a fluoride gel three times a week.\\nYou should do this especially if your teeth are sensitive to cold things. In general, this gel can help with cavity prevention and tooth sensitivity. Sometimes you need a prescription for brush-on fluoride gel, so you should talk to your dentist about it before you use it.\\nThere are also fluoride gels that your dentist can apply to your teeth about twice a year. Talk to your dentist about this option if you're concern about the sensitivity of your teeth or the possibility of getting cavities.\\nTips\\nMake sure you have plenty of soft foods to eat after your braces are tightened.\\nIf you are experiencing an unusual amount of discomfort, call your orthodontist. They might want to re-adjust your braces.\\nDon't take more than the recommended dosage of any anti-inflammatory medications.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Getting your braces tightened can cause a lot of discomfort. The first few hours may be very painful to nearly anyone, regardless if it's your first time or your last time. You can prevent and treat pain and discomfort associated with your braces using a few different strategies. These solutions range from eating soft foods to using over the counter medicines and gels to keep the sharp parts of your brace covered.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remaining Calm Before and During Tightening\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to your orthodontist or dentist about the procedure.\", \"描述\": \"If you are anxious, tell them so they can adapt your treatment.\\nDentists and orthodontists are used to dealing with anxious patients.\\nThey will explain the procedure to you and help you handle your anxiety.\\nThey can also suggest ways to reduce your nervousness.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice deep breathing before and during the procedure.\", \"描述\": \"This will provide a distraction for you and it can help to reduce your anxiety. \\nIf you are more relaxed, you are less likely to be in a lot of pain.\\nBreathe in slowly through your nose.\\nPause before exhaling slowly.\\nKeep breathing slowly and steadily in a rhythm. Concentrate on this and you will be distracted from what the dentist is doing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Close your eyes and listen to music.\", \"描述\": \"Bring an iPod, phone, or music player with you and listen to music or a podcast. \\nChoose music that is calming, rather than something jarring and energetic.\\nAlternatively, listen to an audiobook.\\nBring earbuds so other patients can't hear your music.\\nMake a playlist ahead of time so you have enough music to last through your appointment.\\nSome dentists or orthodontists may have televisions for you to watch during the procedure or music playing in the background to distract you.\\nSome dentists' offices now have 3D virtual reality glasses, which you can wear to distract and entertain yourself during your entire procedure.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid caffeine before your appointment.\", \"描述\": \"Caffeine can make you more nervous and jittery. It can also keep your dental anesthetic from working as well, so it might be more difficult for your gum and teeth to become numb.\\nDrinks that contain caffeine include coffee, tea, sodas, and energy drinks.\\nDo drink plenty of water before your appointment.\\nMake sure to avoid any sugary drinks or foods before your appointment too.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check to make sure none of the wires are poking you before leaving.\", \"描述\": \"The best time to address this problem is at the appointment before you go home.\\nAsk your dentist or orthodontist to trim or adjust any wires that are poking or scraping your mouth.\\nIf it is the brackets causing discomfort, ask your dentist to apply some dental wax to reduce any scraping.\\nRemember that it is normal for your braces to feel tight and to have some throbbing in your teeth after the procedure.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Over The Counter Medications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take an over-the-counter painkiller or anti-inflammatory.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you check with your doctor before doing so.\\nDifferent medications you can take include acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil), and aspirin.\\nCheck the dosing guidelines for a schedule and amounts.\\nDon't exceed the number of doses in a 24-hour period as labeled on the bottle.\\nDon't take the medication more often than recommended.\\nThese can help take some of the aching and soreness associated with shifting teeth, but you may still experience some discomfort.\\nCarry the painkiller with you so that you have it when needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the medicine one hour before entering the office.\", \"描述\": \"This way it will already be in effect before your appointment.\\nBe sure to take the amount with at least one full 8 ounce glass of water.\\nThis should help to reduce any swelling and discomfort during your appointment.\\nAfter your appointment, take a full dose of your chosen painkiller according to the time schedule on the bottle.\\nTaking this on schedule for 24 hours after your appointment can help to reduce pain over the next day.\\nAvoid using chewable tablets, since these can be difficult to chew if your teeth are already sore and they can get stuck in your braces. Painkillers in liquid form work best.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use an oral anesthetic to reduce discomfort.\", \"描述\": \"These come in gel form and are available at most pharmacies. \\nGels like Oragel and Anbesol are examples of these products.\\nThe gel will numb any areas it contacts such as gums and teeth.\\nMost are flavored, though they can have an unpleasant taste.\\nApply the gel to sore and tender areas of your mouth.\\nUse a q-tip to apply the gel and to spread it.\\nTry not to get the gel on your tongue; you might not feel your tongue and then bite it by accident.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Reducing Pain After the Procedure Without Medication\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Modify your diet.\", \"描述\": \"You should avoid any foods that require lots of chewing. \\nEat a soft diet for the first 24 hours after your braces are tightened.\\nStick to foods such as Jello, pudding, mashed potatoes, applesauce, soups and smoothies.\\nIf you must eat something that has to be chewed, cut it into small pieces to reduce the amount of chewing you have to do.\\nUse a small spoon or fork (preferably made out of plastic or wood) while eating to avoid hitting your teeth with utensils.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply cold to your face and teeth to reduce pain and swelling.\", \"描述\": \"You can use ice packs or drink cold water.\\nUse a gel or soft ice pack. Apply this to your cheeks for 15 minutes.\\nDrink plenty of cold water with a straw.\\nThe cold from the water will help to numb your teeth and reduce the swelling in your gums.\\nDo not eat or drink warm substances immediately after drinking icy water; this can damage your braces and make your teeth hurt even more.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Rinse your mouth frequently.\", \"描述\": \"Use a recommended mouthwash or salt water. \\nMix a teaspoon of table salt into a glass of lukewarm water.\\nSwish the salt water around your mouth for 60 seconds.\\nThis may sting any scrapes or sores you have from your braces at first, but will help to keep these clean and speed up healing.\\nDo the same with any mouthwash recommended by your dentist.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush.\", \"描述\": \"Using a regular toothbrush might cause more discomfort. \\nRemember to brush your teeth and braces at least twice a day.\\nUse a toothpaste for sensitive teeth, such as Sensodyne.\\nSensodyne can help to reduce sensitivity and pain in your teeth due to tightened braces.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use dental wax on any wires or brackets that are scraping your mouth.\", \"描述\": \"This will protect you cheeks, lips and gums from scrapes and cuts.\\nAsk your dentist or orthodontist for a supply of dental wax. You can also buy this at pharmacies.\\nApply a small amount of the wax to brackets and protruding wires in the morning after brushing your teeth.\\nRemove any wax before brushing your teeth at night.\\nDiscard any used wax as it builds up bacteria.\\nTry to sleep without dental wax on, but if you have a very troublesome wire it is ok to use this product at night.\\nKeep your dental wax with you during the day in case you need to re-apply a small amount.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply a fluoride gel three times a week.\", \"描述\": \"You should do this especially if your teeth are sensitive to cold things. In general, this gel can help with cavity prevention and tooth sensitivity. Sometimes you need a prescription for brush-on fluoride gel, so you should talk to your dentist about it before you use it.\\nThere are also fluoride gels that your dentist can apply to your teeth about twice a year. Talk to your dentist about this option if you're concern about the sensitivity of your teeth or the possibility of getting cavities.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure you have plenty of soft foods to eat after your braces are tightened.\\n\", \"If you are experiencing an unusual amount of discomfort, call your orthodontist. They might want to re-adjust your braces.\\n\", \"Don't take more than the recommended dosage of any anti-inflammatory medications.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,143 | How to Avoid Pain in the Left Hand While Playing the Guitar | 1. Conditioning Your Hand Before Playing Guitar
1-1. Stretch your fingers.
The strength of your muscles is secondary to the flexibility and agility of your muscles. One way to improve the latter two attributes is by properly stretching your fingers before practice. Bend back each finger until it feels comfortable and hold them in that position for several seconds. Do the same for each thumb, but also stretch your thumb into your palm.
Get the blood flowing through your fingers by pretending to type rapidly in the air.
Roll your wrists both clockwise and counterclockwise.
Spread your fingers out into a fully extended position, then release the tension.
If you're a new guitar player dealing with finger soreness, wait a few weeks for your fingers to develop calluses. At this point, the soreness will go away.
1-2. Do hand exercises.
After stretching out your hand, you can strengthen the muscles you commonly use during guitar play. There are two main exercises you can do without playing the guitar itself. Work out the extensor muscles of your fretting hand with these two exercises:
First hold your left hand (or fretting hand) in a relaxed position. Extend your thumb to your pinky and then pull them apart slightly. Continue this motion with the rest of your fingers: ring, middle, and then your index finger. Repeat as many times as you want, but don’t over-exercise your muscles.
Hold your fretting hand relaxed with your palm facing up. Extend your pinky finger slightly and then flex it. Continue the same exercise with the rest of your fingers: ring, middle, and then your index finger.
1-3. Practice speed drills.
After properly warming up your hand, you can practice a few lines on your guitar. Set a metronome, if available, to a comfortable tempo. For beginners, use 80 bpm, and experienced players can play at around 120 bpm. Set your hand so your index finger is on the first fret. Then play this chromatic riff across each string: 1-2-3-4. Use an individual finger to play each fret.
For an added exercise, do the same motion in a descending order. Start with your pinky on the fourth fret of the last string.
This technique will exercise each finger.
Once you become comfortable performing this exercise, increase the speed of your metronome.
2. Using the Proper Technique on the Guitar
2-1. Hold the guitar properly.
The way you hold the neck of the guitar effects how long you can barre chords before your hand cramps and hurts. Anchor your thumb close to the center-back of the neck and not over-the-top as if it was peeking from the fretboard. Placing your thumb in the center-back of the guitar's neck should help you with the proper form. The proper form will increase your hand’s stamina.
Your thumb should look somewhat straight along the back of the guitar. When you do this, you should have equal curvature in each left finger.
Look at the angle of your arm and wrists. You will notice that the more acute the angle of your wrist, the less strength you have in that hand. Keep all your joints from your wrist to your fingers at naturally rounded angles.
There isn’t a golden rule with hand placement. Jimi Hendrix held his guitar in a way that his thumb wrapped around the guitar. Do whatever makes you comfortable. In this example, you’d hold the guitar like a tennis racket.
2-2. Have the proper finger placement.
The proper finger placement helps your sound and your hand's stamina. Place your fingers close to the fret that is closest to the bridge, instead of placing your finger dead-center between the frets. This helps decrease the force needed to barre chords.
You should also get into the habit of arching each finger when playing notes or chords. This way your fingers don't touch other strings and hinder the sound.
If you have 1 finger on consecutive frets along the same string, you should see that both your index and little fingers point inward.
2-3. Relax your posture.
It is common to feel stressed and strained while playing the guitar. This is especially true for a beginner guitarist. It is normal to feel pain when trying out a new guitar shape. When reaching for these tougher hand shapes, it’s important to take note of how the rest of your body is reacting. Make sure you have the proper fingering, then take a deep breath and let your shoulders rest.
Stiffness will only hinder a musician. Keep a relaxed posture to work the instrument into a natural position and feeling.
2-4. Take productive breaks.
When you are practicing the guitar for longer periods of time, make sure you take breaks. A good guitarist will take productive breaks to ensure the practicing mentality isn’t lost. Take a five-minute break to drink water or go on a walk. Avoid sitting on the couch and watching TV on your break.
Maintain your desire to improve as a guitarist. Keep a musical biography around to keep you inspired.
3. Improving Your Hand's Stamina
3-1. Adjust the action of your guitar’s neck.
A guitar with high action will require more force from your fingers to press the strings down. You can adjust the truss rod on most guitars with an Allen wrench. It is easy to damage your neck, and you should take your guitar to a trusted repair shop for an easy adjustment. Also high action can be due to other causes such as neck angle, bridge height, and shallow nut slots. These are additional reasons to see a good guitar repair person.
If you cannot afford to have your guitar's action fixed by a repair technician, consider using a capo on the first fret of the guitar as a temporary alternative. Placing a capo on the first fret helps bring the strings closer to the frets.
Some guitars require you to remove the neck to access the truss rod.
3-2. Try different neck shapes.
Neck shapes play a major role in the comfort of playing. Different brands and styles of guitar offer many neck styles and shapes to their customers. Always try out a guitar before buying it. Be sure to play it up and down the neck, using both barre and open cords. Similar to buying a new pair of shoes, you want to try out guitars that not only sound great, but also feel right.
For certain models of guitars, such as most Fenders, have bolt-on necks so you can change the neck of your current guitar. Still go to a repair person to do this because there is some fine fitting involved. Other instruments, such as most Gibsons, have glued-in necks and changing the neck can be a costly process.
Fat necks are usually viewed in the guitar world as sturdy and reliable necks. This style of neck could be difficult for beginners. Try out several styles of necks before making any decisions.
3-3. Seek medical assistance if pain persists.
Prepare for soreness and stiffness. With that in mind, a novice guitarist should not expect to have the same level of stamina exhibited by a more experienced guitarist. If pain in your fretting hand persists for longer than two days, you should let a doctor examine your hand. Your body lets you know something is wrong whenever pain becomes acute. Unlike weightlifting, where some pain is gain, in the guitar world persistent pain could mean trouble.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Conditioning Your Hand Before Playing Guitar\\n1-1. Stretch your fingers.\\nThe strength of your muscles is secondary to the flexibility and agility of your muscles. One way to improve the latter two attributes is by properly stretching your fingers before practice. Bend back each finger until it feels comfortable and hold them in that position for several seconds. Do the same for each thumb, but also stretch your thumb into your palm.\\nGet the blood flowing through your fingers by pretending to type rapidly in the air.\\nRoll your wrists both clockwise and counterclockwise.\\nSpread your fingers out into a fully extended position, then release the tension.\\nIf you're a new guitar player dealing with finger soreness, wait a few weeks for your fingers to develop calluses. At this point, the soreness will go away.\\n1-2. Do hand exercises.\\nAfter stretching out your hand, you can strengthen the muscles you commonly use during guitar play. There are two main exercises you can do without playing the guitar itself. Work out the extensor muscles of your fretting hand with these two exercises:\\nFirst hold your left hand (or fretting hand) in a relaxed position. Extend your thumb to your pinky and then pull them apart slightly. Continue this motion with the rest of your fingers: ring, middle, and then your index finger. Repeat as many times as you want, but don’t over-exercise your muscles.\\nHold your fretting hand relaxed with your palm facing up. Extend your pinky finger slightly and then flex it. Continue the same exercise with the rest of your fingers: ring, middle, and then your index finger.\\n1-3. Practice speed drills.\\nAfter properly warming up your hand, you can practice a few lines on your guitar. Set a metronome, if available, to a comfortable tempo. For beginners, use 80 bpm, and experienced players can play at around 120 bpm. Set your hand so your index finger is on the first fret. Then play this chromatic riff across each string: 1-2-3-4. Use an individual finger to play each fret.\\nFor an added exercise, do the same motion in a descending order. Start with your pinky on the fourth fret of the last string.\\nThis technique will exercise each finger.\\nOnce you become comfortable performing this exercise, increase the speed of your metronome.\\n2. Using the Proper Technique on the Guitar\\n2-1. Hold the guitar properly.\\nThe way you hold the neck of the guitar effects how long you can barre chords before your hand cramps and hurts. Anchor your thumb close to the center-back of the neck and not over-the-top as if it was peeking from the fretboard. Placing your thumb in the center-back of the guitar's neck should help you with the proper form. The proper form will increase your hand’s stamina.\\nYour thumb should look somewhat straight along the back of the guitar. When you do this, you should have equal curvature in each left finger.\\nLook at the angle of your arm and wrists. You will notice that the more acute the angle of your wrist, the less strength you have in that hand. Keep all your joints from your wrist to your fingers at naturally rounded angles.\\nThere isn’t a golden rule with hand placement. Jimi Hendrix held his guitar in a way that his thumb wrapped around the guitar. Do whatever makes you comfortable. In this example, you’d hold the guitar like a tennis racket.\\n2-2. Have the proper finger placement.\\nThe proper finger placement helps your sound and your hand's stamina. Place your fingers close to the fret that is closest to the bridge, instead of placing your finger dead-center between the frets. This helps decrease the force needed to barre chords.\\nYou should also get into the habit of arching each finger when playing notes or chords. This way your fingers don't touch other strings and hinder the sound.\\nIf you have 1 finger on consecutive frets along the same string, you should see that both your index and little fingers point inward.\\n2-3. Relax your posture.\\nIt is common to feel stressed and strained while playing the guitar. This is especially true for a beginner guitarist. It is normal to feel pain when trying out a new guitar shape. When reaching for these tougher hand shapes, it’s important to take note of how the rest of your body is reacting. Make sure you have the proper fingering, then take a deep breath and let your shoulders rest.\\nStiffness will only hinder a musician. Keep a relaxed posture to work the instrument into a natural position and feeling.\\n2-4. Take productive breaks.\\nWhen you are practicing the guitar for longer periods of time, make sure you take breaks. A good guitarist will take productive breaks to ensure the practicing mentality isn’t lost. Take a five-minute break to drink water or go on a walk. Avoid sitting on the couch and watching TV on your break.\\nMaintain your desire to improve as a guitarist. Keep a musical biography around to keep you inspired.\\n3. Improving Your Hand's Stamina\\n3-1. Adjust the action of your guitar’s neck.\\nA guitar with high action will require more force from your fingers to press the strings down. You can adjust the truss rod on most guitars with an Allen wrench. It is easy to damage your neck, and you should take your guitar to a trusted repair shop for an easy adjustment. Also high action can be due to other causes such as neck angle, bridge height, and shallow nut slots. These are additional reasons to see a good guitar repair person.\\nIf you cannot afford to have your guitar's action fixed by a repair technician, consider using a capo on the first fret of the guitar as a temporary alternative. Placing a capo on the first fret helps bring the strings closer to the frets.\\nSome guitars require you to remove the neck to access the truss rod.\\n3-2. Try different neck shapes.\\nNeck shapes play a major role in the comfort of playing. Different brands and styles of guitar offer many neck styles and shapes to their customers. Always try out a guitar before buying it. Be sure to play it up and down the neck, using both barre and open cords. Similar to buying a new pair of shoes, you want to try out guitars that not only sound great, but also feel right.\\nFor certain models of guitars, such as most Fenders, have bolt-on necks so you can change the neck of your current guitar. Still go to a repair person to do this because there is some fine fitting involved. Other instruments, such as most Gibsons, have glued-in necks and changing the neck can be a costly process.\\nFat necks are usually viewed in the guitar world as sturdy and reliable necks. This style of neck could be difficult for beginners. Try out several styles of necks before making any decisions.\\n3-3. Seek medical assistance if pain persists.\\nPrepare for soreness and stiffness. With that in mind, a novice guitarist should not expect to have the same level of stamina exhibited by a more experienced guitarist. If pain in your fretting hand persists for longer than two days, you should let a doctor examine your hand. Your body lets you know something is wrong whenever pain becomes acute. Unlike weightlifting, where some pain is gain, in the guitar world persistent pain could mean trouble.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"It is natural to experience pain in your fretting hand (the left hand, for right-handed people) while practicing the guitar. This can be painful, especially for beginners, but you shouldn't let the pain keep you from practicing. If you don’t practice proper techniques and preparatory steps, you could strain or damage your hand.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Conditioning Your Hand Before Playing Guitar\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stretch your fingers.\", \"描述\": \"The strength of your muscles is secondary to the flexibility and agility of your muscles. One way to improve the latter two attributes is by properly stretching your fingers before practice. Bend back each finger until it feels comfortable and hold them in that position for several seconds. Do the same for each thumb, but also stretch your thumb into your palm.\\nGet the blood flowing through your fingers by pretending to type rapidly in the air.\\nRoll your wrists both clockwise and counterclockwise.\\nSpread your fingers out into a fully extended position, then release the tension.\\nIf you're a new guitar player dealing with finger soreness, wait a few weeks for your fingers to develop calluses. At this point, the soreness will go away.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do hand exercises.\", \"描述\": \"After stretching out your hand, you can strengthen the muscles you commonly use during guitar play. There are two main exercises you can do without playing the guitar itself. Work out the extensor muscles of your fretting hand with these two exercises:\\nFirst hold your left hand (or fretting hand) in a relaxed position. Extend your thumb to your pinky and then pull them apart slightly. Continue this motion with the rest of your fingers: ring, middle, and then your index finger. Repeat as many times as you want, but don’t over-exercise your muscles.\\nHold your fretting hand relaxed with your palm facing up. Extend your pinky finger slightly and then flex it. Continue the same exercise with the rest of your fingers: ring, middle, and then your index finger.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice speed drills.\", \"描述\": \"After properly warming up your hand, you can practice a few lines on your guitar. Set a metronome, if available, to a comfortable tempo. For beginners, use 80 bpm, and experienced players can play at around 120 bpm. Set your hand so your index finger is on the first fret. Then play this chromatic riff across each string: 1-2-3-4. Use an individual finger to play each fret.\\nFor an added exercise, do the same motion in a descending order. Start with your pinky on the fourth fret of the last string.\\nThis technique will exercise each finger.\\nOnce you become comfortable performing this exercise, increase the speed of your metronome.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using the Proper Technique on the Guitar\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hold the guitar properly.\", \"描述\": \"The way you hold the neck of the guitar effects how long you can barre chords before your hand cramps and hurts. Anchor your thumb close to the center-back of the neck and not over-the-top as if it was peeking from the fretboard. Placing your thumb in the center-back of the guitar's neck should help you with the proper form. The proper form will increase your hand’s stamina.\\nYour thumb should look somewhat straight along the back of the guitar. When you do this, you should have equal curvature in each left finger.\\nLook at the angle of your arm and wrists. You will notice that the more acute the angle of your wrist, the less strength you have in that hand. Keep all your joints from your wrist to your fingers at naturally rounded angles.\\nThere isn’t a golden rule with hand placement. Jimi Hendrix held his guitar in a way that his thumb wrapped around the guitar. Do whatever makes you comfortable. In this example, you’d hold the guitar like a tennis racket.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have the proper finger placement.\", \"描述\": \"The proper finger placement helps your sound and your hand's stamina. Place your fingers close to the fret that is closest to the bridge, instead of placing your finger dead-center between the frets. This helps decrease the force needed to barre chords.\\nYou should also get into the habit of arching each finger when playing notes or chords. This way your fingers don't touch other strings and hinder the sound.\\nIf you have 1 finger on consecutive frets along the same string, you should see that both your index and little fingers point inward.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Relax your posture.\", \"描述\": \"It is common to feel stressed and strained while playing the guitar. This is especially true for a beginner guitarist. It is normal to feel pain when trying out a new guitar shape. When reaching for these tougher hand shapes, it’s important to take note of how the rest of your body is reacting. Make sure you have the proper fingering, then take a deep breath and let your shoulders rest.\\nStiffness will only hinder a musician. Keep a relaxed posture to work the instrument into a natural position and feeling.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take productive breaks.\", \"描述\": \"When you are practicing the guitar for longer periods of time, make sure you take breaks. A good guitarist will take productive breaks to ensure the practicing mentality isn’t lost. Take a five-minute break to drink water or go on a walk. Avoid sitting on the couch and watching TV on your break.\\nMaintain your desire to improve as a guitarist. Keep a musical biography around to keep you inspired.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Hand's Stamina\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adjust the action of your guitar’s neck.\", \"描述\": \"A guitar with high action will require more force from your fingers to press the strings down. You can adjust the truss rod on most guitars with an Allen wrench. It is easy to damage your neck, and you should take your guitar to a trusted repair shop for an easy adjustment. Also high action can be due to other causes such as neck angle, bridge height, and shallow nut slots. These are additional reasons to see a good guitar repair person.\\nIf you cannot afford to have your guitar's action fixed by a repair technician, consider using a capo on the first fret of the guitar as a temporary alternative. Placing a capo on the first fret helps bring the strings closer to the frets.\\nSome guitars require you to remove the neck to access the truss rod.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try different neck shapes.\", \"描述\": \"Neck shapes play a major role in the comfort of playing. Different brands and styles of guitar offer many neck styles and shapes to their customers. Always try out a guitar before buying it. Be sure to play it up and down the neck, using both barre and open cords. Similar to buying a new pair of shoes, you want to try out guitars that not only sound great, but also feel right.\\nFor certain models of guitars, such as most Fenders, have bolt-on necks so you can change the neck of your current guitar. Still go to a repair person to do this because there is some fine fitting involved. Other instruments, such as most Gibsons, have glued-in necks and changing the neck can be a costly process.\\nFat necks are usually viewed in the guitar world as sturdy and reliable necks. This style of neck could be difficult for beginners. Try out several styles of necks before making any decisions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seek medical assistance if pain persists.\", \"描述\": \"Prepare for soreness and stiffness. With that in mind, a novice guitarist should not expect to have the same level of stamina exhibited by a more experienced guitarist. If pain in your fretting hand persists for longer than two days, you should let a doctor examine your hand. Your body lets you know something is wrong whenever pain becomes acute. Unlike weightlifting, where some pain is gain, in the guitar world persistent pain could mean trouble.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,144 | How to Avoid Panty Lines | 1. Choosing the Right Panties
1-1. Make sure they fit.
The most important thing is to purchase panties that fit! Make sure they are not too tight, or else they will dig in to your skin and cause unsightly panty lines. At the same time, if you choose underwear that is too loose, it can easily wrinkle up inside your clothes, showing wrinkles and bumps.
If the elastic is cutting into your skin and feels restrictive, your underwear is too tight.
If there is any excess fabric hanging down or you feel like your underwear isn't supporting your butt at all, it's probably too big.
1-2. Consider thongs.
Thongs simply don't have the lines to show, making them the ideal panty line-free choice. While they may not be the most comfortable underwear, they are a good option when you are wearing especially tight clothing.
Be sure to check out the rear view when you sit or squat, as these positions tend to expose part of the thong if you're wearing low-cut pants.
If you're concerned about your thong showing when you squat, be sure to wear high-waisted pants and skirts or shirts that extend lower than the waistline of your bottoms.
G-strings have even less fabric than thongs, so they're the best choice for minimizing panty lines.
Keep in mind that thongs are much less comfortable if they are too tight, so get one that fits properly.
1-3. Try boy shorts.
For those who hate thongs, there is another alternative! Boy shorts provide full coverage, and because they do not cut across your butt, they offer a much more seamless look than most bikini-style underwear.
You need to be more cautious with boy shorts than you do with thongs because they do not eliminate the possibility of a visible panty line. It's a good idea to test them out with your favorite pair of form-fitting pants.
You can find boy shorts in many different materials. Choose one that you find comfortable and that has invisible or very minimal seams.
Make sure your boy shorts fit snugly, but don't cut into your skin.
1-4. Look for seamless panties.
Most major lingerie brands have a line of seamless panties, so there are plenty of different styles to choose from. Many of these styles have laser cut edges, which are very thin edges that do not leave a visible panty line.
Elastic and spandex panties are very good for a seamless look.
Unfortunately, cotton panties, which are the best for feminine health because of their breathability, are typically not seamless because the fabric is too thick.
1-5. Take care with color.
Match your underwear to your skin tone when wearing light-colored clothing. Flesh-colored underwear blends in with your skin, leaving invisible panty lines, even if your pants are a bit see-through.
1-6. Go commando.
If you're brave enough to do this, simply don't wear underwear. This is the only way to know that there are no panty lines whatsoever.
Going commando is best when wearing pants. Always wear underwear with skirts and dresses.
Be sure to wash your pants after each use when going commando to prevent infections like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.
Some workout pants are actually made with special linings so that they can be worn without underwear.
If you feel uncomfortable doing this, you can also go "faux commando" by ordering disposable cotton patches that adhere to the inside of your pants, allowing you the freedom of no underwear without any discomfort.
2. Adding Extra Undergarments
2-1. Try shapewear.
If you want a totally smooth look without wearing a thong or skipping the panties altogether, consider wearing shapewear under your clothes. These undergarments typically extend to your mid thigh, so there will not be a panty line. They also suck in unwanted bulges, and they're available in a variety of styles for different body types and different outfits.
You can wear panties under your shapewear or not, depending on your personal preferences.
If you just want to smooth out your butt, upper thighs, and/or lower stomach, you can buy panty-style shapewear. For more coverage, you can opt for a pant-style that extends further down your legs or a bodysuit-style that covers your upper body (except your chest) as well.
Shapewear should not be used to attempt to fit into a smaller size of clothing. If it feels overly restrictive or you begin to experience numbness or tingling, your shapewear is too tight.
2-2. Wear tights.
If shapewear isn't for you, you may be able to get the same benefits from a pair of tights or pantyhose. Wear a pair under your pants or with a skirt for a smooth look.
As with shapewear, you do not need to wear underwear under your tights or pantyhose if you don't want to. The choice is up to you.
You can buy high-waisted styles if you want some coverage over your stomach, although tights will never give you as much control as shapewear.
2-3. Consider a slip.
If you're wearing a skirt or dress, consider wearing a slip or half slip underneath. This old-school accessory can help you achieve the seamless look you want.
A full slip covers your entire torso and the upper parts of your legs, and is meant to be worn with a dress. A half slip covers only your butt and upper legs, and is meant to be worn with a skirt.
Many slips contain some lycra, which helps shape your body and prevents the garment from bunching. If you are looking for a little extra control, you can also find shapewear in slip styles.
Try to match the color of your slip to your dress or skirt as much as possible. This will make the slip less visible if it ever peeks out from under your clothes.
Make sure your slip is always shorter than any slits in your dress or skirt.
Avoid slips with lace details, as this may show through your clothing.
To avoid static cling between your slip and your garment, try gently pulling each item through a wire hanger before you put it on.
3. Wearing Clothes That Minimize Panty Lines
3-1. Avoid skin-clinging clothing.
Extremely tight clothing will always bring out a panty line if there is one to bring out. If you don't feel comfortable going commando or wearing a thong, but you don't want panty lines, avoid wearing super clingy pants and skirts.
Leggings are especially likely to show panty lines. If you want to wear them with regular panties, consider wearing a tunic-length shirt with them. The shirt will cover your butt, so you won't have to worry about whether or not your panty lines are visible through your leggings.
If you love to wear skirts, consider wearing a loose-fitting style that will not show panty lines as much. For example, instead of wearing a tight pencil skirt, wear an A-line skirt.
3-2. Choose thicker fabrics.
Pants and skirts made from thick, textured fabrics are much less likely to show panty lines than silky, clingy fabrics. If you don't want to have to worry about panty lines, choose fabrics like denim and tweed over fabrics like jersey and silk.
Rear pockets add extra fabric to the seat of your pants, so they may also help hide panty lines.
Keep in mind that not all denim is created equal. Some is much thicker, while some is thinner and stretchier. Opt for thicker, less clingy styles if you are trying to avoid panty lines.
3-3. Opt for prints.
Prints are better at disguising panty lines than solid colors, so if you want to wear some tight leggings or yoga pants with your regular undies, you may want to choose a patterned pair.
Remember that prints will not eliminate panty lines; they will only help disguise them. It's a good idea to check for panty lines in the mirror before you go out.
3-4. Steer clear of see-through pants.
You definitely have to put a lot of thought into choosing the right underwear when you are wearing pants that are even remotely see-through. If you don't want to have to worry about it, avoid wearing any bottoms that may show more than you want.
White pants are common culprits, so always make sure you can't see your underwear through them before you buy them.
Leggings and yoga pants can also be see-through, so make sure you buy a pair that is thick and opaque.
Tips
If you do choose to wear no underpants at all, avoid wearing denim or other heavy fabrics. The friction created can be intolerable.
Whatever you do, make sure that you're comfortable with it.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing the Right Panties\\n1-1. Make sure they fit.\\nThe most important thing is to purchase panties that fit! Make sure they are not too tight, or else they will dig in to your skin and cause unsightly panty lines. At the same time, if you choose underwear that is too loose, it can easily wrinkle up inside your clothes, showing wrinkles and bumps.\\nIf the elastic is cutting into your skin and feels restrictive, your underwear is too tight.\\nIf there is any excess fabric hanging down or you feel like your underwear isn't supporting your butt at all, it's probably too big.\\n1-2. Consider thongs.\\nThongs simply don't have the lines to show, making them the ideal panty line-free choice. While they may not be the most comfortable underwear, they are a good option when you are wearing especially tight clothing.\\nBe sure to check out the rear view when you sit or squat, as these positions tend to expose part of the thong if you're wearing low-cut pants.\\nIf you're concerned about your thong showing when you squat, be sure to wear high-waisted pants and skirts or shirts that extend lower than the waistline of your bottoms.\\nG-strings have even less fabric than thongs, so they're the best choice for minimizing panty lines.\\nKeep in mind that thongs are much less comfortable if they are too tight, so get one that fits properly.\\n1-3. Try boy shorts.\\nFor those who hate thongs, there is another alternative! Boy shorts provide full coverage, and because they do not cut across your butt, they offer a much more seamless look than most bikini-style underwear.\\nYou need to be more cautious with boy shorts than you do with thongs because they do not eliminate the possibility of a visible panty line. It's a good idea to test them out with your favorite pair of form-fitting pants.\\nYou can find boy shorts in many different materials. Choose one that you find comfortable and that has invisible or very minimal seams.\\nMake sure your boy shorts fit snugly, but don't cut into your skin.\\n1-4. Look for seamless panties.\\nMost major lingerie brands have a line of seamless panties, so there are plenty of different styles to choose from. Many of these styles have laser cut edges, which are very thin edges that do not leave a visible panty line.\\nElastic and spandex panties are very good for a seamless look.\\nUnfortunately, cotton panties, which are the best for feminine health because of their breathability, are typically not seamless because the fabric is too thick.\\n1-5. Take care with color.\\nMatch your underwear to your skin tone when wearing light-colored clothing. Flesh-colored underwear blends in with your skin, leaving invisible panty lines, even if your pants are a bit see-through.\\n1-6. Go commando.\\nIf you're brave enough to do this, simply don't wear underwear. This is the only way to know that there are no panty lines whatsoever.\\nGoing commando is best when wearing pants. Always wear underwear with skirts and dresses.\\nBe sure to wash your pants after each use when going commando to prevent infections like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.\\nSome workout pants are actually made with special linings so that they can be worn without underwear.\\nIf you feel uncomfortable doing this, you can also go \\\"faux commando\\\" by ordering disposable cotton patches that adhere to the inside of your pants, allowing you the freedom of no underwear without any discomfort.\\n2. Adding Extra Undergarments\\n2-1. Try shapewear.\\nIf you want a totally smooth look without wearing a thong or skipping the panties altogether, consider wearing shapewear under your clothes. These undergarments typically extend to your mid thigh, so there will not be a panty line. They also suck in unwanted bulges, and they're available in a variety of styles for different body types and different outfits.\\nYou can wear panties under your shapewear or not, depending on your personal preferences.\\nIf you just want to smooth out your butt, upper thighs, and/or lower stomach, you can buy panty-style shapewear. For more coverage, you can opt for a pant-style that extends further down your legs or a bodysuit-style that covers your upper body (except your chest) as well.\\nShapewear should not be used to attempt to fit into a smaller size of clothing. If it feels overly restrictive or you begin to experience numbness or tingling, your shapewear is too tight.\\n2-2. Wear tights.\\nIf shapewear isn't for you, you may be able to get the same benefits from a pair of tights or pantyhose. Wear a pair under your pants or with a skirt for a smooth look.\\nAs with shapewear, you do not need to wear underwear under your tights or pantyhose if you don't want to. The choice is up to you.\\nYou can buy high-waisted styles if you want some coverage over your stomach, although tights will never give you as much control as shapewear.\\n2-3. Consider a slip.\\nIf you're wearing a skirt or dress, consider wearing a slip or half slip underneath. This old-school accessory can help you achieve the seamless look you want.\\nA full slip covers your entire torso and the upper parts of your legs, and is meant to be worn with a dress. A half slip covers only your butt and upper legs, and is meant to be worn with a skirt.\\nMany slips contain some lycra, which helps shape your body and prevents the garment from bunching. If you are looking for a little extra control, you can also find shapewear in slip styles.\\nTry to match the color of your slip to your dress or skirt as much as possible. This will make the slip less visible if it ever peeks out from under your clothes.\\nMake sure your slip is always shorter than any slits in your dress or skirt.\\nAvoid slips with lace details, as this may show through your clothing.\\nTo avoid static cling between your slip and your garment, try gently pulling each item through a wire hanger before you put it on.\\n3. Wearing Clothes That Minimize Panty Lines\\n3-1. Avoid skin-clinging clothing.\\nExtremely tight clothing will always bring out a panty line if there is one to bring out. If you don't feel comfortable going commando or wearing a thong, but you don't want panty lines, avoid wearing super clingy pants and skirts.\\nLeggings are especially likely to show panty lines. If you want to wear them with regular panties, consider wearing a tunic-length shirt with them. The shirt will cover your butt, so you won't have to worry about whether or not your panty lines are visible through your leggings.\\nIf you love to wear skirts, consider wearing a loose-fitting style that will not show panty lines as much. For example, instead of wearing a tight pencil skirt, wear an A-line skirt.\\n3-2. Choose thicker fabrics.\\nPants and skirts made from thick, textured fabrics are much less likely to show panty lines than silky, clingy fabrics. If you don't want to have to worry about panty lines, choose fabrics like denim and tweed over fabrics like jersey and silk.\\nRear pockets add extra fabric to the seat of your pants, so they may also help hide panty lines.\\nKeep in mind that not all denim is created equal. Some is much thicker, while some is thinner and stretchier. Opt for thicker, less clingy styles if you are trying to avoid panty lines.\\n3-3. Opt for prints.\\nPrints are better at disguising panty lines than solid colors, so if you want to wear some tight leggings or yoga pants with your regular undies, you may want to choose a patterned pair.\\nRemember that prints will not eliminate panty lines; they will only help disguise them. It's a good idea to check for panty lines in the mirror before you go out.\\n3-4. Steer clear of see-through pants.\\nYou definitely have to put a lot of thought into choosing the right underwear when you are wearing pants that are even remotely see-through. If you don't want to have to worry about it, avoid wearing any bottoms that may show more than you want.\\nWhite pants are common culprits, so always make sure you can't see your underwear through them before you buy them.\\nLeggings and yoga pants can also be see-through, so make sure you buy a pair that is thick and opaque.\\nTips\\nIf you do choose to wear no underpants at all, avoid wearing denim or other heavy fabrics. The friction created can be intolerable.\\nWhatever you do, make sure that you're comfortable with it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Visible panty lines (VPLs) can ruin any good outfit, while invisible panty lines will help to enhance your looks by making your figure seem sleeker and sexier. To avoid visible panty lines, it's important to choose the right panties. There are also some extra undergarments you can try and some clothing items to avoid if you want a totally seamless look.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing the Right Panties\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure they fit.\", \"描述\": \"The most important thing is to purchase panties that fit! Make sure they are not too tight, or else they will dig in to your skin and cause unsightly panty lines. At the same time, if you choose underwear that is too loose, it can easily wrinkle up inside your clothes, showing wrinkles and bumps.\\nIf the elastic is cutting into your skin and feels restrictive, your underwear is too tight.\\nIf there is any excess fabric hanging down or you feel like your underwear isn't supporting your butt at all, it's probably too big.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider thongs.\", \"描述\": \"Thongs simply don't have the lines to show, making them the ideal panty line-free choice. While they may not be the most comfortable underwear, they are a good option when you are wearing especially tight clothing.\\nBe sure to check out the rear view when you sit or squat, as these positions tend to expose part of the thong if you're wearing low-cut pants.\\nIf you're concerned about your thong showing when you squat, be sure to wear high-waisted pants and skirts or shirts that extend lower than the waistline of your bottoms.\\nG-strings have even less fabric than thongs, so they're the best choice for minimizing panty lines.\\nKeep in mind that thongs are much less comfortable if they are too tight, so get one that fits properly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try boy shorts.\", \"描述\": \"For those who hate thongs, there is another alternative! Boy shorts provide full coverage, and because they do not cut across your butt, they offer a much more seamless look than most bikini-style underwear.\\nYou need to be more cautious with boy shorts than you do with thongs because they do not eliminate the possibility of a visible panty line. It's a good idea to test them out with your favorite pair of form-fitting pants.\\nYou can find boy shorts in many different materials. Choose one that you find comfortable and that has invisible or very minimal seams.\\nMake sure your boy shorts fit snugly, but don't cut into your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for seamless panties.\", \"描述\": \"Most major lingerie brands have a line of seamless panties, so there are plenty of different styles to choose from. Many of these styles have laser cut edges, which are very thin edges that do not leave a visible panty line.\\nElastic and spandex panties are very good for a seamless look.\\nUnfortunately, cotton panties, which are the best for feminine health because of their breathability, are typically not seamless because the fabric is too thick.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take care with color.\", \"描述\": \"Match your underwear to your skin tone when wearing light-colored clothing. Flesh-colored underwear blends in with your skin, leaving invisible panty lines, even if your pants are a bit see-through.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Go commando.\", \"描述\": \"If you're brave enough to do this, simply don't wear underwear. This is the only way to know that there are no panty lines whatsoever.\\nGoing commando is best when wearing pants. Always wear underwear with skirts and dresses.\\nBe sure to wash your pants after each use when going commando to prevent infections like bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.\\nSome workout pants are actually made with special linings so that they can be worn without underwear.\\nIf you feel uncomfortable doing this, you can also go \\\"faux commando\\\" by ordering disposable cotton patches that adhere to the inside of your pants, allowing you the freedom of no underwear without any discomfort.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adding Extra Undergarments\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try shapewear.\", \"描述\": \"If you want a totally smooth look without wearing a thong or skipping the panties altogether, consider wearing shapewear under your clothes. These undergarments typically extend to your mid thigh, so there will not be a panty line. They also suck in unwanted bulges, and they're available in a variety of styles for different body types and different outfits.\\nYou can wear panties under your shapewear or not, depending on your personal preferences.\\nIf you just want to smooth out your butt, upper thighs, and/or lower stomach, you can buy panty-style shapewear. For more coverage, you can opt for a pant-style that extends further down your legs or a bodysuit-style that covers your upper body (except your chest) as well.\\nShapewear should not be used to attempt to fit into a smaller size of clothing. If it feels overly restrictive or you begin to experience numbness or tingling, your shapewear is too tight.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wear tights.\", \"描述\": \"If shapewear isn't for you, you may be able to get the same benefits from a pair of tights or pantyhose. Wear a pair under your pants or with a skirt for a smooth look.\\nAs with shapewear, you do not need to wear underwear under your tights or pantyhose if you don't want to. The choice is up to you.\\nYou can buy high-waisted styles if you want some coverage over your stomach, although tights will never give you as much control as shapewear.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider a slip.\", \"描述\": \"If you're wearing a skirt or dress, consider wearing a slip or half slip underneath. This old-school accessory can help you achieve the seamless look you want.\\nA full slip covers your entire torso and the upper parts of your legs, and is meant to be worn with a dress. A half slip covers only your butt and upper legs, and is meant to be worn with a skirt.\\nMany slips contain some lycra, which helps shape your body and prevents the garment from bunching. If you are looking for a little extra control, you can also find shapewear in slip styles.\\nTry to match the color of your slip to your dress or skirt as much as possible. This will make the slip less visible if it ever peeks out from under your clothes.\\nMake sure your slip is always shorter than any slits in your dress or skirt.\\nAvoid slips with lace details, as this may show through your clothing.\\nTo avoid static cling between your slip and your garment, try gently pulling each item through a wire hanger before you put it on.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wearing Clothes That Minimize Panty Lines\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid skin-clinging clothing.\", \"描述\": \"Extremely tight clothing will always bring out a panty line if there is one to bring out. If you don't feel comfortable going commando or wearing a thong, but you don't want panty lines, avoid wearing super clingy pants and skirts.\\nLeggings are especially likely to show panty lines. If you want to wear them with regular panties, consider wearing a tunic-length shirt with them. The shirt will cover your butt, so you won't have to worry about whether or not your panty lines are visible through your leggings.\\nIf you love to wear skirts, consider wearing a loose-fitting style that will not show panty lines as much. For example, instead of wearing a tight pencil skirt, wear an A-line skirt.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose thicker fabrics.\", \"描述\": \"Pants and skirts made from thick, textured fabrics are much less likely to show panty lines than silky, clingy fabrics. If you don't want to have to worry about panty lines, choose fabrics like denim and tweed over fabrics like jersey and silk.\\nRear pockets add extra fabric to the seat of your pants, so they may also help hide panty lines.\\nKeep in mind that not all denim is created equal. Some is much thicker, while some is thinner and stretchier. Opt for thicker, less clingy styles if you are trying to avoid panty lines.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Opt for prints.\", \"描述\": \"Prints are better at disguising panty lines than solid colors, so if you want to wear some tight leggings or yoga pants with your regular undies, you may want to choose a patterned pair.\\nRemember that prints will not eliminate panty lines; they will only help disguise them. It's a good idea to check for panty lines in the mirror before you go out.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Steer clear of see-through pants.\", \"描述\": \"You definitely have to put a lot of thought into choosing the right underwear when you are wearing pants that are even remotely see-through. If you don't want to have to worry about it, avoid wearing any bottoms that may show more than you want.\\nWhite pants are common culprits, so always make sure you can't see your underwear through them before you buy them.\\nLeggings and yoga pants can also be see-through, so make sure you buy a pair that is thick and opaque.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you do choose to wear no underpants at all, avoid wearing denim or other heavy fabrics. The friction created can be intolerable.\\n\", \"Whatever you do, make sure that you're comfortable with it.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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3,145 | How to Avoid Panty Lines in Workout Clothes | 1. Go commando to avoid wearing underwear at all.
Cut down on laundry and panty lines at the same time!
If your workout gear is thicker, forgo the underwear all together to workout care-free. Try using a pantie liner in your work out pants or leggings - there are some designed for use during sports or work outs.
Going commando can leave you susceptible to camel toe, especially if you’re wearing tight leggings. Try walking around in your home before you head out to make sure everything stays in place.
Try to wear workout gear that gives you a lot of coverage if you’re going to work out without underwear. Sheer bottoms can lead to a fashion disaster at the gym if you aren’t careful.
2. Try a thong for a simple solution.
The right thong can be as comfortable as normal panties.
Choose a thong that doesn’t have any sewing seams so it won’t show through your workout gear.
Try to find a thong made of nylon or Spandex to avoid harsh lines.
Thongs without seams are sometimes called “no-show” or “seamless,” so you can look for those keywords as you shop around.
3. Go for a G-string to avoid unnecessary fabric.
A g-string uses way less fabric than a traditional thong.
Buy a G-string (it’s a triangle of fabric connected by two strings) and wear it under your workout gear to avoid any panty lines at all.
The strings of a G-string can take a little getting used to, so try to wear yours around the house before working out in it.
4. Try a stick-on thong to forego traditional underwear.
Stick-on thongs only cover the front of your crotch, so there’s no panty lines at all.
Peel the back off a stick-on thong and press it against the inside of your workout gear. The thong will cover your crotch area in the front while leaving you free of panty lines.
Stick-on thongs are a great way to protect against camel toe, too.
You can buy packs of stick-on thongs online to keep them around whenever you need one.
5. Wear seamless panties to stay comfortable.
Seamless panties give you all the comfort of panties without any obvious lines.
Pick out a pair that cover your bum, then enjoy the full coverage without any seams.
Synthetic materials, like nylon and Spandex, will be more seamless than cotton.
Go for a nude-colored pair if you’re worried about them showing through your workout gear, or match them to your workout gear if you're wearing black or white unattended workout leggings or pants.
This is a great choice for leggings that are a little too see-through for your liking, since they provide a bit of extra coverage.
6. Try boy short underwear for more coverage.
Boy shorts are extra comfortable, and they won’t ride up.
Put on a pair of boy shorts and smooth them down under your workout gear to avoid harsh lines.
If your workout gear is super skin-tight, you might get some lines from boy shorts. Try wearing these with looser shorts or pants instead.
7. Use bike shorts as an extra layer.
Skin-tight shorts give you more protection from panty lines.
Put on your underwear of choice, then add your Spandex shorts on top. Pull on your workout gear and smooth out any panty lines before you head out.
Biker shorts can also give you more coverage if your workout gear is a little sheer or see-through.
If you’re worried about getting too warm, biker shorts might not be the best option for you.
8. Wear thick workout gear to disguise your underwear.
Thin fabrics tend to show more panty lines.
Opt for workout gear made of thick Spandex or a cotton blend to avoid seeing obvious lines.
Thick fabrics also tend to be less see-through, so they’re great for staying covered while you work out.
9. Distract the eye with patterned workout pants.
Blend your panty lines in with a fun pattern.
Go for stripes, flowers, polka dots, or triangles to hide any lines that might show up from your underwear.
Darker colors also help hide panty lines better than lighter colors. Try plum, black, or dark green.
If you can find workout gear with pockets on the back, those can also help hide any panty lines that you might have.
10. Wear workout bottoms in your size for a seamless fit.
Gear that’s too big or too small can draw extra attention to your underwear.
Make sure you’re buying workout gear that fits you in your waist and hip area to avoid unnecessary fabric bunching.
Workout gear in the wrong size can also lead to camel toe, so it’s best to get clothing in your size.
The same goes for your underwear! If your undies are too big or too small, they could bunch up and create visible panty lines.
Tips
Wear your underwear around the house to see how they feel before doing a whole workout in them.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Go commando to avoid wearing underwear at all.\\nCut down on laundry and panty lines at the same time!\\nIf your workout gear is thicker, forgo the underwear all together to workout care-free. Try using a pantie liner in your work out pants or leggings - there are some designed for use during sports or work outs.\\nGoing commando can leave you susceptible to camel toe, especially if you’re wearing tight leggings. Try walking around in your home before you head out to make sure everything stays in place.\\nTry to wear workout gear that gives you a lot of coverage if you’re going to work out without underwear. Sheer bottoms can lead to a fashion disaster at the gym if you aren’t careful.\\n2. Try a thong for a simple solution.\\nThe right thong can be as comfortable as normal panties.\\nChoose a thong that doesn’t have any sewing seams so it won’t show through your workout gear.\\nTry to find a thong made of nylon or Spandex to avoid harsh lines.\\nThongs without seams are sometimes called “no-show” or “seamless,” so you can look for those keywords as you shop around.\\n3. Go for a G-string to avoid unnecessary fabric.\\nA g-string uses way less fabric than a traditional thong.\\nBuy a G-string (it’s a triangle of fabric connected by two strings) and wear it under your workout gear to avoid any panty lines at all.\\nThe strings of a G-string can take a little getting used to, so try to wear yours around the house before working out in it.\\n4. Try a stick-on thong to forego traditional underwear.\\nStick-on thongs only cover the front of your crotch, so there’s no panty lines at all.\\nPeel the back off a stick-on thong and press it against the inside of your workout gear. The thong will cover your crotch area in the front while leaving you free of panty lines.\\nStick-on thongs are a great way to protect against camel toe, too.\\nYou can buy packs of stick-on thongs online to keep them around whenever you need one.\\n5. Wear seamless panties to stay comfortable.\\nSeamless panties give you all the comfort of panties without any obvious lines.\\nPick out a pair that cover your bum, then enjoy the full coverage without any seams.\\nSynthetic materials, like nylon and Spandex, will be more seamless than cotton.\\nGo for a nude-colored pair if you’re worried about them showing through your workout gear, or match them to your workout gear if you're wearing black or white unattended workout leggings or pants.\\nThis is a great choice for leggings that are a little too see-through for your liking, since they provide a bit of extra coverage.\\n6. Try boy short underwear for more coverage.\\nBoy shorts are extra comfortable, and they won’t ride up.\\nPut on a pair of boy shorts and smooth them down under your workout gear to avoid harsh lines.\\nIf your workout gear is super skin-tight, you might get some lines from boy shorts. Try wearing these with looser shorts or pants instead.\\n7. Use bike shorts as an extra layer.\\nSkin-tight shorts give you more protection from panty lines.\\nPut on your underwear of choice, then add your Spandex shorts on top. Pull on your workout gear and smooth out any panty lines before you head out.\\nBiker shorts can also give you more coverage if your workout gear is a little sheer or see-through.\\nIf you’re worried about getting too warm, biker shorts might not be the best option for you.\\n8. Wear thick workout gear to disguise your underwear.\\nThin fabrics tend to show more panty lines.\\nOpt for workout gear made of thick Spandex or a cotton blend to avoid seeing obvious lines.\\nThick fabrics also tend to be less see-through, so they’re great for staying covered while you work out.\\n9. Distract the eye with patterned workout pants.\\nBlend your panty lines in with a fun pattern.\\nGo for stripes, flowers, polka dots, or triangles to hide any lines that might show up from your underwear.\\nDarker colors also help hide panty lines better than lighter colors. Try plum, black, or dark green.\\nIf you can find workout gear with pockets on the back, those can also help hide any panty lines that you might have.\\n10. Wear workout bottoms in your size for a seamless fit.\\nGear that’s too big or too small can draw extra attention to your underwear.\\nMake sure you’re buying workout gear that fits you in your waist and hip area to avoid unnecessary fabric bunching.\\nWorkout gear in the wrong size can also lead to camel toe, so it’s best to get clothing in your size.\\nThe same goes for your underwear! If your undies are too big or too small, they could bunch up and create visible panty lines.\\nTips\\nWear your underwear around the house to see how they feel before doing a whole workout in them.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Skin-tight workout gear is great for a long gym session, but it can be tough to figure out what to wear underneath. If you’re worried about your panty lines showing, you aren’t alone! We’ve compiled some of the best solutions to combat VPL (visible panty lines) so you can work out comfortably and confidently.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go commando to avoid wearing underwear at all.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut down on laundry and panty lines at the same time!\", \"描述\": \"If your workout gear is thicker, forgo the underwear all together to workout care-free. Try using a pantie liner in your work out pants or leggings - there are some designed for use during sports or work outs.\\nGoing commando can leave you susceptible to camel toe, especially if you’re wearing tight leggings. Try walking around in your home before you head out to make sure everything stays in place.\\nTry to wear workout gear that gives you a lot of coverage if you’re going to work out without underwear. Sheer bottoms can lead to a fashion disaster at the gym if you aren’t careful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try a thong for a simple solution.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The right thong can be as comfortable as normal panties.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a thong that doesn’t have any sewing seams so it won’t show through your workout gear.\\nTry to find a thong made of nylon or Spandex to avoid harsh lines.\\nThongs without seams are sometimes called “no-show” or “seamless,” so you can look for those keywords as you shop around.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go for a G-string to avoid unnecessary fabric.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A g-string uses way less fabric than a traditional thong.\", \"描述\": \"Buy a G-string (it’s a triangle of fabric connected by two strings) and wear it under your workout gear to avoid any panty lines at all.\\nThe strings of a G-string can take a little getting used to, so try to wear yours around the house before working out in it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try a stick-on thong to forego traditional underwear.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stick-on thongs only cover the front of your crotch, so there’s no panty lines at all.\", \"描述\": \"Peel the back off a stick-on thong and press it against the inside of your workout gear. The thong will cover your crotch area in the front while leaving you free of panty lines.\\nStick-on thongs are a great way to protect against camel toe, too.\\nYou can buy packs of stick-on thongs online to keep them around whenever you need one.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wear seamless panties to stay comfortable.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seamless panties give you all the comfort of panties without any obvious lines.\", \"描述\": \"Pick out a pair that cover your bum, then enjoy the full coverage without any seams.\\nSynthetic materials, like nylon and Spandex, will be more seamless than cotton.\\nGo for a nude-colored pair if you’re worried about them showing through your workout gear, or match them to your workout gear if you're wearing black or white unattended workout leggings or pants.\\nThis is a great choice for leggings that are a little too see-through for your liking, since they provide a bit of extra coverage.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Try boy short underwear for more coverage.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Boy shorts are extra comfortable, and they won’t ride up.\", \"描述\": \"Put on a pair of boy shorts and smooth them down under your workout gear to avoid harsh lines.\\nIf your workout gear is super skin-tight, you might get some lines from boy shorts. Try wearing these with looser shorts or pants instead.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use bike shorts as an extra layer.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Skin-tight shorts give you more protection from panty lines.\", \"描述\": \"Put on your underwear of choice, then add your Spandex shorts on top. Pull on your workout gear and smooth out any panty lines before you head out.\\nBiker shorts can also give you more coverage if your workout gear is a little sheer or see-through.\\nIf you’re worried about getting too warm, biker shorts might not be the best option for you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Wear thick workout gear to disguise your underwear.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Thin fabrics tend to show more panty lines.\", \"描述\": \"Opt for workout gear made of thick Spandex or a cotton blend to avoid seeing obvious lines.\\nThick fabrics also tend to be less see-through, so they’re great for staying covered while you work out.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Distract the eye with patterned workout pants.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Blend your panty lines in with a fun pattern.\", \"描述\": \"Go for stripes, flowers, polka dots, or triangles to hide any lines that might show up from your underwear.\\nDarker colors also help hide panty lines better than lighter colors. Try plum, black, or dark green.\\nIf you can find workout gear with pockets on the back, those can also help hide any panty lines that you might have.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Wear workout bottoms in your size for a seamless fit.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gear that’s too big or too small can draw extra attention to your underwear.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you’re buying workout gear that fits you in your waist and hip area to avoid unnecessary fabric bunching.\\nWorkout gear in the wrong size can also lead to camel toe, so it’s best to get clothing in your size.\\nThe same goes for your underwear! If your undies are too big or too small, they could bunch up and create visible panty lines.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Wear your underwear around the house to see how they feel before doing a whole workout in them.\\n\"]}]}}",
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"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,146 | How to Avoid Paying Alimony to a Cheating Spouse | 1. Meeting with an Attorney
1-1. Read your state law.
In many states, alimony is discretionary. This means the judge can decide whether to award alimony or not, depending on a variety of circumstances. In about half of the states, the judge will consider “marital fault,” including adultery.
You need to find out if your state considers adultery. You should research your state law. Search online for “your state,” “alimony,” and “adultery.”
1-2. Consult with an attorney.
If you can’t find out whether your state considers adultery when deciding alimony, you should consult with an attorney. Only a qualified attorney can give you accurate legal advice about your state law.
You can get a referral to a divorce attorney by contacting your local or state bar association.
Call up the attorney and schedule a consultation. Ask how much they charge for a half-hour meeting.
You should also consider hiring the lawyer to represent you. Although you can meet for just a half-hour meeting, you might be better off hiring him or her to handle the divorce for you. Ask how much it would cost.
1-3. Discuss the role adultery played in your divorce.
Although some states consider adultery when determining alimony, it depends on the circumstances. You should discuss your situation with your lawyer.
For example, in Georgia, the adultery must have been the cause of the divorce. It isn’t enough that your spouse cheated five years ago but you reconciled. Instead, the infidelity must have ended the marriage.
1-4. Find financial reasons to oppose alimony.
Your state might not allow a judge to consider adultery. However, you can still try to deny your cheating spouse alimony. Generally, judges consider the following financial factors:
Income disparity. If your income is much higher than your spouse’s, then a judge is more likely to award alimony. However, if your incomes are similar, you have a strong argument against alimony.
Each spouse’s future earning potential. Your spouse may not be working now. However, he or she could have a college degree and higher earning power if they got a job. A judge will consider how much your ex “could” make, not how much they do make.
Your standard of living during the marriage. If your spouse became accustomed to a high standard of living, then the judge might award alimony. However, if you had a normal middle-class life, then you could argue that alimony isn’t appropriate, especially when your spouse can maintain that lifestyle on their own.
Whether your spouse stayed home to raise the children. If your spouse didn’t forfeit their career for your family, then you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.
The contribution your spouse made to your career. A spouse who works to put another through school or helps start a business has a stronger claim to alimony. You should point out if your spouse didn’t make any kind of contribution to your career.
1-5. Identify other reasons to oppose alimony.
In addition to finances, a judge will consider other factors when deciding whether to award alimony. You should try to cite as many as possible to argue against your spouse getting alimony:
The length of the marriage. If your marriage was short, then you can argue that alimony isn’t appropriate.
Your spouse’s age. Your spouse is more likely to get alimony the older they are. If your spouse is relatively young, you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.
Your spouse’s emotional or physical condition. If your spouse is disabled, then he or she will have a strong argument for alimony. However, if your spouse is healthy, then you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.
Domestic violence. In California, for example, the judge can lower or eliminate alimony if one spouse has been convicted of domestic violence.
1-6. Come up with other strategies.
You might not be able to prevent alimony, even if your spouse cheated. Nevertheless, you should discuss other potential strategies with your attorney for making sure your spouse gets as few assets as possible.
For example, your spouse might have used marital property to support a lover. In this situation, the judge can deduct the money spent on the lover from the amount of marital property your spouse will get in the divorce.
1-7. Consider suing your spouse for a sexually-transmitted disease.
If your spouse pick up an STD during an affair, then you might be able to sue him or her for personal injury if the STD was transmitted to you. You should talk about this option with your lawyer.
2. Obtaining Evidence of Adultery
2-1. Get an admission from your spouse.
You need proof that your spouse has been unfaithful. Although you can tell the judge your suspicions, nothing is more powerful than evidence. In particular, you should try to get your spouse to admit to being unfaithful.
If your spouse admits to cheating, you should write down the day and time of the admission. Because your spouse might try to walk back the admission, you should look for other evidence.
Keep communications. Your ex might slip up and admit to adultery in an email or letter. You should hold onto these communications. You can introduce them into court as evidence.
2-2. Talk to the alleged partner.
You can also get evidence of adultery by talking to the person your spouse slept with. He or she might confirm that they slept with your spouse during your marriage. A partner is probably more likely to admit this if their relationship with your spouse has ended.
2-3. Obtain other evidence.
You don’t have to videotape your spouse “in the act” with someone else. However, you need to prove that he or she had the motive and the opportunity to cheat on you. You can prove motive and opportunity by gathering the following:
Photos of your spouse and their lover together. It would be ideal if they were acting in an intimate manner in the photographs.
Phone records that show constant communication between them. Look for late-night calls or calls on the weekend.
Witnesses who saw your spouse and their lover together.
Credit card or bank records that show large purchases, hotel visits, etc.
2-4. Find proof that your ex is living with another person.
If your spouse has moved in with his or her lover, then you might be able to eliminate alimony altogether. Some states will prevent a person from getting alimony when they move in with a romantic partner.
You can ask family or friends where your spouse is staying. You may need these people to testify on your behalf.
2-5. Hire a private detective.
You might need to hire someone to spy on your spouse. You should think about hiring a private investigator. This person can follow your spouse around and find out who they are spending their time with.
Private detectives generally charge $40-100 per hour. They also charge for additional costs, such as mileage.
You can find detectives in the phone book. Call one up and discuss the reasons for hiring them. Discuss the scope of the investigation and what kinds of evidence you want them to gather.
3. Filing for Divorce
3-1. Complete the divorce paperwork.
You should probably be the person to file for divorce. You should pick up the forms required to file for divorce from the court clerk at the family law court in the county where you live. Often, these forms are posted online.
Divorce can be “fault” or “no fault.” Almost all states have “no fault” divorce, which means neither party is to blame. However, about two-thirds still allow you to allege “fault,” such as adultery. If you have the option of alleging fault when you file for divorce, then make sure to select adultery.
Some “no fault” states, such as Florida, still consider adultery when determining alimony. For this reason, even in a “no fault” state you should try to mention adultery in the divorce petition.
Your spouse might have beat you to the courthouse and have filed for divorce first. He or she should ask for alimony in the petition. In this situation, you will be able to “answer” the divorce petition and explain why your spouse isn’t entitled to alimony. Mention the infidelity and all other reasons.
3-2. Send your spouse a copy of the paperwork.
You have to file your papers with the court clerk. Make several copies. You also have to give your spouse a copy of everything you file in your case. This is called “making service.”
You can generally make service of divorce papers by paying the sheriff or constable to serve them. You cannot serve them yourself.
Depending on your court, you can also hire a private process server, which you can find in the phone book. They make service for a small fee.
You might also ask someone 18 or older who isn’t a party to the case to serve the papers for you.
3-3. Prepare for the hearing.
In a contested divorce, you will need to have a trial or hearing. You will probably have many preliminary “status hearings” and conferences as you prepare for your hearing/trial. At these, you will appear before the judge and hammer out issues that will allow you to prepare for trial.
You may also have a chance for “discovery.” Discovery is the fact-finding portion of a divorce. In discovery, you can send subpoenas to people requesting documents, such as financial records. You can also have your spouse answer questions under oath. If you weren’t able to get solid proof of adultery before filing for divorce, then you can use discovery to gather additional, helpful information.
4. Attending a Hearing
4-1. Get your witnesses lined up.
You should identify your witnesses and ask them to attend the hearing. Tell them the date, time, and location. You may also send them a subpoena, which is a legal request to show up.
You can generally get a blank subpoena form from the court clerk.
4-2. Present your evidence.
You can have witnesses testify and introduce documents to convince the judge that your spouse committed adultery. In many states, you don’t actually have to prove that adultery happened. Instead, you need to prove that your spouse had the “disposition” and “opportunity” to cheat.
To prove disposition, you can introduce evidence that your spouse showed affection publicly with their alleged lover. You can introduce photographs of them kissing, hugging, holding hands, etc. Or you can have witnesses testify that they observed this conduct.
To prove “opportunity,” you should introduce evidence that your spouse was seen entering their lover’s apartment late at night and not leaving until the morning. Alternately, you could show that they went away together and stayed in the same hotel.
4-3. Cross-examine your spouse’s witnesses.
Your spouse gets to try to prove that any conduct was innocent and not actually adultery. Depending on your state, your spouse may also argue that they are entitled to alimony even if adultery occurred.
You should be able to cross-examine any witnesses your spouse has testify. See Question Witnesses when Representing Yourself for more information.
4-4. Wait for the ruling.
Currently, only two states allow jury trials in divorce proceedings, so your case will likely be decided by a judge. The judge should make a decision after hearing all of the evidence. If your case is complicated, then the judge may take the case under advisement and issue a ruling at a later time.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting with an Attorney\\n1-1. Read your state law.\\nIn many states, alimony is discretionary. This means the judge can decide whether to award alimony or not, depending on a variety of circumstances. In about half of the states, the judge will consider “marital fault,” including adultery.\\nYou need to find out if your state considers adultery. You should research your state law. Search online for “your state,” “alimony,” and “adultery.”\\n1-2. Consult with an attorney.\\nIf you can’t find out whether your state considers adultery when deciding alimony, you should consult with an attorney. Only a qualified attorney can give you accurate legal advice about your state law.\\nYou can get a referral to a divorce attorney by contacting your local or state bar association.\\nCall up the attorney and schedule a consultation. Ask how much they charge for a half-hour meeting.\\nYou should also consider hiring the lawyer to represent you. Although you can meet for just a half-hour meeting, you might be better off hiring him or her to handle the divorce for you. Ask how much it would cost.\\n1-3. Discuss the role adultery played in your divorce.\\nAlthough some states consider adultery when determining alimony, it depends on the circumstances. You should discuss your situation with your lawyer.\\nFor example, in Georgia, the adultery must have been the cause of the divorce. It isn’t enough that your spouse cheated five years ago but you reconciled. Instead, the infidelity must have ended the marriage.\\n1-4. Find financial reasons to oppose alimony.\\nYour state might not allow a judge to consider adultery. However, you can still try to deny your cheating spouse alimony. Generally, judges consider the following financial factors:\\nIncome disparity. If your income is much higher than your spouse’s, then a judge is more likely to award alimony. However, if your incomes are similar, you have a strong argument against alimony.\\nEach spouse’s future earning potential. Your spouse may not be working now. However, he or she could have a college degree and higher earning power if they got a job. A judge will consider how much your ex “could” make, not how much they do make.\\nYour standard of living during the marriage. If your spouse became accustomed to a high standard of living, then the judge might award alimony. However, if you had a normal middle-class life, then you could argue that alimony isn’t appropriate, especially when your spouse can maintain that lifestyle on their own.\\nWhether your spouse stayed home to raise the children. If your spouse didn’t forfeit their career for your family, then you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.\\nThe contribution your spouse made to your career. A spouse who works to put another through school or helps start a business has a stronger claim to alimony. You should point out if your spouse didn’t make any kind of contribution to your career.\\n1-5. Identify other reasons to oppose alimony.\\nIn addition to finances, a judge will consider other factors when deciding whether to award alimony. You should try to cite as many as possible to argue against your spouse getting alimony:\\nThe length of the marriage. If your marriage was short, then you can argue that alimony isn’t appropriate.\\nYour spouse’s age. Your spouse is more likely to get alimony the older they are. If your spouse is relatively young, you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.\\nYour spouse’s emotional or physical condition. If your spouse is disabled, then he or she will have a strong argument for alimony. However, if your spouse is healthy, then you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.\\nDomestic violence. In California, for example, the judge can lower or eliminate alimony if one spouse has been convicted of domestic violence.\\n1-6. Come up with other strategies.\\nYou might not be able to prevent alimony, even if your spouse cheated. Nevertheless, you should discuss other potential strategies with your attorney for making sure your spouse gets as few assets as possible.\\nFor example, your spouse might have used marital property to support a lover. In this situation, the judge can deduct the money spent on the lover from the amount of marital property your spouse will get in the divorce.\\n1-7. Consider suing your spouse for a sexually-transmitted disease.\\nIf your spouse pick up an STD during an affair, then you might be able to sue him or her for personal injury if the STD was transmitted to you. You should talk about this option with your lawyer.\\n2. Obtaining Evidence of Adultery\\n2-1. Get an admission from your spouse.\\nYou need proof that your spouse has been unfaithful. Although you can tell the judge your suspicions, nothing is more powerful than evidence. In particular, you should try to get your spouse to admit to being unfaithful.\\nIf your spouse admits to cheating, you should write down the day and time of the admission. Because your spouse might try to walk back the admission, you should look for other evidence.\\nKeep communications. Your ex might slip up and admit to adultery in an email or letter. You should hold onto these communications. You can introduce them into court as evidence.\\n2-2. Talk to the alleged partner.\\nYou can also get evidence of adultery by talking to the person your spouse slept with. He or she might confirm that they slept with your spouse during your marriage. A partner is probably more likely to admit this if their relationship with your spouse has ended.\\n2-3. Obtain other evidence.\\nYou don’t have to videotape your spouse “in the act” with someone else. However, you need to prove that he or she had the motive and the opportunity to cheat on you. You can prove motive and opportunity by gathering the following:\\nPhotos of your spouse and their lover together. It would be ideal if they were acting in an intimate manner in the photographs.\\nPhone records that show constant communication between them. Look for late-night calls or calls on the weekend.\\nWitnesses who saw your spouse and their lover together.\\nCredit card or bank records that show large purchases, hotel visits, etc.\\n2-4. Find proof that your ex is living with another person.\\nIf your spouse has moved in with his or her lover, then you might be able to eliminate alimony altogether. Some states will prevent a person from getting alimony when they move in with a romantic partner.\\nYou can ask family or friends where your spouse is staying. You may need these people to testify on your behalf.\\n2-5. Hire a private detective.\\nYou might need to hire someone to spy on your spouse. You should think about hiring a private investigator. This person can follow your spouse around and find out who they are spending their time with.\\nPrivate detectives generally charge $40-100 per hour. They also charge for additional costs, such as mileage.\\nYou can find detectives in the phone book. Call one up and discuss the reasons for hiring them. Discuss the scope of the investigation and what kinds of evidence you want them to gather.\\n3. Filing for Divorce\\n3-1. Complete the divorce paperwork.\\nYou should probably be the person to file for divorce. You should pick up the forms required to file for divorce from the court clerk at the family law court in the county where you live. Often, these forms are posted online.\\nDivorce can be “fault” or “no fault.” Almost all states have “no fault” divorce, which means neither party is to blame. However, about two-thirds still allow you to allege “fault,” such as adultery. If you have the option of alleging fault when you file for divorce, then make sure to select adultery.\\nSome “no fault” states, such as Florida, still consider adultery when determining alimony. For this reason, even in a “no fault” state you should try to mention adultery in the divorce petition.\\nYour spouse might have beat you to the courthouse and have filed for divorce first. He or she should ask for alimony in the petition. In this situation, you will be able to “answer” the divorce petition and explain why your spouse isn’t entitled to alimony. Mention the infidelity and all other reasons.\\n3-2. Send your spouse a copy of the paperwork.\\nYou have to file your papers with the court clerk. Make several copies. You also have to give your spouse a copy of everything you file in your case. This is called “making service.”\\nYou can generally make service of divorce papers by paying the sheriff or constable to serve them. You cannot serve them yourself.\\nDepending on your court, you can also hire a private process server, which you can find in the phone book. They make service for a small fee.\\nYou might also ask someone 18 or older who isn’t a party to the case to serve the papers for you.\\n3-3. Prepare for the hearing.\\nIn a contested divorce, you will need to have a trial or hearing. You will probably have many preliminary “status hearings” and conferences as you prepare for your hearing/trial. At these, you will appear before the judge and hammer out issues that will allow you to prepare for trial.\\nYou may also have a chance for “discovery.” Discovery is the fact-finding portion of a divorce. In discovery, you can send subpoenas to people requesting documents, such as financial records. You can also have your spouse answer questions under oath. If you weren’t able to get solid proof of adultery before filing for divorce, then you can use discovery to gather additional, helpful information.\\n4. Attending a Hearing\\n4-1. Get your witnesses lined up.\\nYou should identify your witnesses and ask them to attend the hearing. Tell them the date, time, and location. You may also send them a subpoena, which is a legal request to show up.\\nYou can generally get a blank subpoena form from the court clerk.\\n4-2. Present your evidence.\\nYou can have witnesses testify and introduce documents to convince the judge that your spouse committed adultery. In many states, you don’t actually have to prove that adultery happened. Instead, you need to prove that your spouse had the “disposition” and “opportunity” to cheat.\\nTo prove disposition, you can introduce evidence that your spouse showed affection publicly with their alleged lover. You can introduce photographs of them kissing, hugging, holding hands, etc. Or you can have witnesses testify that they observed this conduct.\\nTo prove “opportunity,” you should introduce evidence that your spouse was seen entering their lover’s apartment late at night and not leaving until the morning. Alternately, you could show that they went away together and stayed in the same hotel.\\n4-3. Cross-examine your spouse’s witnesses.\\nYour spouse gets to try to prove that any conduct was innocent and not actually adultery. Depending on your state, your spouse may also argue that they are entitled to alimony even if adultery occurred.\\nYou should be able to cross-examine any witnesses your spouse has testify. See Question Witnesses when Representing Yourself for more information.\\n4-4. Wait for the ruling.\\nCurrently, only two states allow jury trials in divorce proceedings, so your case will likely be decided by a judge. The judge should make a decision after hearing all of the evidence. If your case is complicated, then the judge may take the case under advisement and issue a ruling at a later time.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Depending on your state, adultery can completely bar your spouse from receiving alimony. In other states, however, adultery won’t prevent your spouse from getting alimony. Instead, the infidelity will be one factor among many that a judge considers. Finally, in other states, the judge won’t consider adultery at all. Before you can begin planning your strategy, you should meet with a qualified attorney to discuss your state law. Then you need to find proof of your spouse’s infidelity.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting with an Attorney\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read your state law.\", \"描述\": \"In many states, alimony is discretionary. This means the judge can decide whether to award alimony or not, depending on a variety of circumstances. In about half of the states, the judge will consider “marital fault,” including adultery.\\nYou need to find out if your state considers adultery. You should research your state law. Search online for “your state,” “alimony,” and “adultery.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consult with an attorney.\", \"描述\": \"If you can’t find out whether your state considers adultery when deciding alimony, you should consult with an attorney. Only a qualified attorney can give you accurate legal advice about your state law.\\nYou can get a referral to a divorce attorney by contacting your local or state bar association.\\nCall up the attorney and schedule a consultation. Ask how much they charge for a half-hour meeting.\\nYou should also consider hiring the lawyer to represent you. Although you can meet for just a half-hour meeting, you might be better off hiring him or her to handle the divorce for you. Ask how much it would cost.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Discuss the role adultery played in your divorce.\", \"描述\": \"Although some states consider adultery when determining alimony, it depends on the circumstances. You should discuss your situation with your lawyer.\\nFor example, in Georgia, the adultery must have been the cause of the divorce. It isn’t enough that your spouse cheated five years ago but you reconciled. Instead, the infidelity must have ended the marriage.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find financial reasons to oppose alimony.\", \"描述\": \"Your state might not allow a judge to consider adultery. However, you can still try to deny your cheating spouse alimony. Generally, judges consider the following financial factors:\\nIncome disparity. If your income is much higher than your spouse’s, then a judge is more likely to award alimony. However, if your incomes are similar, you have a strong argument against alimony.\\nEach spouse’s future earning potential. Your spouse may not be working now. However, he or she could have a college degree and higher earning power if they got a job. A judge will consider how much your ex “could” make, not how much they do make.\\nYour standard of living during the marriage. If your spouse became accustomed to a high standard of living, then the judge might award alimony. However, if you had a normal middle-class life, then you could argue that alimony isn’t appropriate, especially when your spouse can maintain that lifestyle on their own.\\nWhether your spouse stayed home to raise the children. If your spouse didn’t forfeit their career for your family, then you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.\\nThe contribution your spouse made to your career. A spouse who works to put another through school or helps start a business has a stronger claim to alimony. You should point out if your spouse didn’t make any kind of contribution to your career.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Identify other reasons to oppose alimony.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to finances, a judge will consider other factors when deciding whether to award alimony. You should try to cite as many as possible to argue against your spouse getting alimony:\\nThe length of the marriage. If your marriage was short, then you can argue that alimony isn’t appropriate.\\nYour spouse’s age. Your spouse is more likely to get alimony the older they are. If your spouse is relatively young, you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.\\nYour spouse’s emotional or physical condition. If your spouse is disabled, then he or she will have a strong argument for alimony. However, if your spouse is healthy, then you can argue alimony isn’t necessary.\\nDomestic violence. In California, for example, the judge can lower or eliminate alimony if one spouse has been convicted of domestic violence.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Come up with other strategies.\", \"描述\": \"You might not be able to prevent alimony, even if your spouse cheated. Nevertheless, you should discuss other potential strategies with your attorney for making sure your spouse gets as few assets as possible.\\nFor example, your spouse might have used marital property to support a lover. In this situation, the judge can deduct the money spent on the lover from the amount of marital property your spouse will get in the divorce.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Consider suing your spouse for a sexually-transmitted disease.\", \"描述\": \"If your spouse pick up an STD during an affair, then you might be able to sue him or her for personal injury if the STD was transmitted to you. You should talk about this option with your lawyer.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Evidence of Adultery\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an admission from your spouse.\", \"描述\": \"You need proof that your spouse has been unfaithful. Although you can tell the judge your suspicions, nothing is more powerful than evidence. In particular, you should try to get your spouse to admit to being unfaithful.\\nIf your spouse admits to cheating, you should write down the day and time of the admission. Because your spouse might try to walk back the admission, you should look for other evidence.\\nKeep communications. Your ex might slip up and admit to adultery in an email or letter. You should hold onto these communications. You can introduce them into court as evidence.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk to the alleged partner.\", \"描述\": \"You can also get evidence of adultery by talking to the person your spouse slept with. He or she might confirm that they slept with your spouse during your marriage. A partner is probably more likely to admit this if their relationship with your spouse has ended.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain other evidence.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t have to videotape your spouse “in the act” with someone else. However, you need to prove that he or she had the motive and the opportunity to cheat on you. You can prove motive and opportunity by gathering the following:\\nPhotos of your spouse and their lover together. It would be ideal if they were acting in an intimate manner in the photographs.\\nPhone records that show constant communication between them. Look for late-night calls or calls on the weekend.\\nWitnesses who saw your spouse and their lover together.\\nCredit card or bank records that show large purchases, hotel visits, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find proof that your ex is living with another person.\", \"描述\": \"If your spouse has moved in with his or her lover, then you might be able to eliminate alimony altogether. Some states will prevent a person from getting alimony when they move in with a romantic partner.\\nYou can ask family or friends where your spouse is staying. You may need these people to testify on your behalf.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Hire a private detective.\", \"描述\": \"You might need to hire someone to spy on your spouse. You should think about hiring a private investigator. This person can follow your spouse around and find out who they are spending their time with.\\nPrivate detectives generally charge $40-100 per hour. They also charge for additional costs, such as mileage.\\nYou can find detectives in the phone book. Call one up and discuss the reasons for hiring them. Discuss the scope of the investigation and what kinds of evidence you want them to gather.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Filing for Divorce\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete the divorce paperwork.\", \"描述\": \"You should probably be the person to file for divorce. You should pick up the forms required to file for divorce from the court clerk at the family law court in the county where you live. Often, these forms are posted online.\\nDivorce can be “fault” or “no fault.” Almost all states have “no fault” divorce, which means neither party is to blame. However, about two-thirds still allow you to allege “fault,” such as adultery. If you have the option of alleging fault when you file for divorce, then make sure to select adultery.\\nSome “no fault” states, such as Florida, still consider adultery when determining alimony. For this reason, even in a “no fault” state you should try to mention adultery in the divorce petition.\\nYour spouse might have beat you to the courthouse and have filed for divorce first. He or she should ask for alimony in the petition. In this situation, you will be able to “answer” the divorce petition and explain why your spouse isn’t entitled to alimony. Mention the infidelity and all other reasons.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Send your spouse a copy of the paperwork.\", \"描述\": \"You have to file your papers with the court clerk. Make several copies. You also have to give your spouse a copy of everything you file in your case. This is called “making service.”\\nYou can generally make service of divorce papers by paying the sheriff or constable to serve them. You cannot serve them yourself.\\nDepending on your court, you can also hire a private process server, which you can find in the phone book. They make service for a small fee.\\nYou might also ask someone 18 or older who isn’t a party to the case to serve the papers for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the hearing.\", \"描述\": \"In a contested divorce, you will need to have a trial or hearing. You will probably have many preliminary “status hearings” and conferences as you prepare for your hearing/trial. At these, you will appear before the judge and hammer out issues that will allow you to prepare for trial.\\nYou may also have a chance for “discovery.” Discovery is the fact-finding portion of a divorce. In discovery, you can send subpoenas to people requesting documents, such as financial records. You can also have your spouse answer questions under oath. If you weren’t able to get solid proof of adultery before filing for divorce, then you can use discovery to gather additional, helpful information.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attending a Hearing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your witnesses lined up.\", \"描述\": \"You should identify your witnesses and ask them to attend the hearing. Tell them the date, time, and location. You may also send them a subpoena, which is a legal request to show up.\\nYou can generally get a blank subpoena form from the court clerk.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Present your evidence.\", \"描述\": \"You can have witnesses testify and introduce documents to convince the judge that your spouse committed adultery. In many states, you don’t actually have to prove that adultery happened. Instead, you need to prove that your spouse had the “disposition” and “opportunity” to cheat.\\nTo prove disposition, you can introduce evidence that your spouse showed affection publicly with their alleged lover. You can introduce photographs of them kissing, hugging, holding hands, etc. Or you can have witnesses testify that they observed this conduct.\\nTo prove “opportunity,” you should introduce evidence that your spouse was seen entering their lover’s apartment late at night and not leaving until the morning. Alternately, you could show that they went away together and stayed in the same hotel.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cross-examine your spouse’s witnesses.\", \"描述\": \"Your spouse gets to try to prove that any conduct was innocent and not actually adultery. Depending on your state, your spouse may also argue that they are entitled to alimony even if adultery occurred.\\nYou should be able to cross-examine any witnesses your spouse has testify. See Question Witnesses when Representing Yourself for more information.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wait for the ruling.\", \"描述\": \"Currently, only two states allow jury trials in divorce proceedings, so your case will likely be decided by a judge. The judge should make a decision after hearing all of the evidence. If your case is complicated, then the judge may take the case under advisement and issue a ruling at a later time.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,147 | How to Avoid Peeing on the Tampon String | 1. Can you pee with a tampon in?
Yes, absolutely!
Because urine and period blood come out of different holes (urine comes out of your urethra, while period blood comes out of your vagina), a tampon will in no way hinder your ability to pee. With that said, the string at the end of your tampon can get in the way and end up soaked with pee, which can be kind of annoying. Fortunately, a wet string won't cause any health issues, and there are some ways you can avoid getting the string wet in the first place (more on that below!).
2. Moving the String to the Side
2-1. Sit on the toilet seat, but don't pee yet.
If you are using a public toilet, you may wish to squat above the toilet, without actually resting on the seat. Otherwise, you can use a seat-liner or tear several strips of toilet paper, lay them on the toilet seat, and sit.
Make sure you have pulled down your pants and underwear or lifted your dress or skirt before sitting down.
Squeeze the muscles around your urethra (the opening through which urine exits your body). You only have to do this for a moment, but squeeze tight so you don't start peeing as soon as you sit down.
2-2. Reach your hand between your legs and pull the tampon string to the side.
Hold the string against your thigh, and it should be out of the way when you pee.
You may also want to reach behind and pull the string back, toward your anus. Only do this if you aren't also going to defecate, and be sure the string doesn't actually touch your anus.
2-3. Lean forward a bit and begin to urinate.
Keep your hand and the string out of the way as you urinate.
2-4. Wipe as normal.
Continue to hold the string off to the side, using your free hand to tear off some toilet paper and wipe yourself from front to back.
Flush, pull up your pants, and remember to wash your hands.
3. Addressing Common Problems
3-1. Don't worry if your tampon string gets wet.
There shouldn't be any health repercussions if you accidentally pee on the string. You can squeeze the string with a piece of toilet paper to dry it off before pulling up your pants.
It's really a matter of preference--if you are uncomfortable with the feeling of a wet string, or worry about smell, you can change your tampon if you wish.
There has never been a documented case of infection due to urinating while wearing a tampon.
3-2. Change your tampon if the tampon itself gets wet.
If the actual tampon gets wet, it means it wasn't inserted properly and should be changed. Your tampon should be inserted far enough into your vagina so no part of the tampon itself is showing (the absorbent part), only the string.
It is not necessary to change your tampon every time you urinate. Change your tampon based on how long you've had it in ( over eight hours) or if your tampon is leaking or "full."
If your tampon isn't ready to be changed, you will meet some resistance when you pull on the string.
Always try to match your tampon to your flow--don't wear a super-absorbent tampon on a day when your flow is light. This can make removing the tampon uncomfortable.
3-3. Hold your tampon string to the side or front if you are defecating.
While it's fine to get urine on your tampon string, feces contains tons of bacteria that can lead to infection.
If you do get feces on your tampon string, use a wad of toilet paper to remove the tampon and throw it away.
Make sure your hands are clean before attempting to insert another tampon--if there is feces on your hands, you could spread an infection to your urinary tract or vagina.
3-4. Don't be afraid to urinate while wearing a tampon.
Before trying tampons, some girls are unsure if it's even possible to wear a tampon and urinate. This can keep some girls from using tampons, since they don't want to change it every time they pee or somehow harm themselves or disrupt their periods.
A woman's body has an opening specifically for urine--the urethra. Feces comes through the anus. Your menstrual blood comes out of your vagina, which is located between your urethra and anus.
Tips
If the tampon string breaks, add a lot of intimate lubricant on your fingertips — you can wear a glove if you'd like — and slide your fingers around the tampon to get it out. It's important that you don't panic.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Can you pee with a tampon in?\\nYes, absolutely!\\nBecause urine and period blood come out of different holes (urine comes out of your urethra, while period blood comes out of your vagina), a tampon will in no way hinder your ability to pee. With that said, the string at the end of your tampon can get in the way and end up soaked with pee, which can be kind of annoying. Fortunately, a wet string won't cause any health issues, and there are some ways you can avoid getting the string wet in the first place (more on that below!).\\n2. Moving the String to the Side\\n2-1. Sit on the toilet seat, but don't pee yet.\\nIf you are using a public toilet, you may wish to squat above the toilet, without actually resting on the seat. Otherwise, you can use a seat-liner or tear several strips of toilet paper, lay them on the toilet seat, and sit.\\nMake sure you have pulled down your pants and underwear or lifted your dress or skirt before sitting down.\\nSqueeze the muscles around your urethra (the opening through which urine exits your body). You only have to do this for a moment, but squeeze tight so you don't start peeing as soon as you sit down.\\n2-2. Reach your hand between your legs and pull the tampon string to the side.\\nHold the string against your thigh, and it should be out of the way when you pee.\\nYou may also want to reach behind and pull the string back, toward your anus. Only do this if you aren't also going to defecate, and be sure the string doesn't actually touch your anus.\\n2-3. Lean forward a bit and begin to urinate.\\nKeep your hand and the string out of the way as you urinate.\\n2-4. Wipe as normal.\\nContinue to hold the string off to the side, using your free hand to tear off some toilet paper and wipe yourself from front to back.\\nFlush, pull up your pants, and remember to wash your hands.\\n3. Addressing Common Problems\\n3-1. Don't worry if your tampon string gets wet.\\nThere shouldn't be any health repercussions if you accidentally pee on the string. You can squeeze the string with a piece of toilet paper to dry it off before pulling up your pants.\\nIt's really a matter of preference--if you are uncomfortable with the feeling of a wet string, or worry about smell, you can change your tampon if you wish.\\nThere has never been a documented case of infection due to urinating while wearing a tampon.\\n3-2. Change your tampon if the tampon itself gets wet.\\nIf the actual tampon gets wet, it means it wasn't inserted properly and should be changed. Your tampon should be inserted far enough into your vagina so no part of the tampon itself is showing (the absorbent part), only the string.\\nIt is not necessary to change your tampon every time you urinate. Change your tampon based on how long you've had it in ( over eight hours) or if your tampon is leaking or \\\"full.\\\"\\nIf your tampon isn't ready to be changed, you will meet some resistance when you pull on the string.\\nAlways try to match your tampon to your flow--don't wear a super-absorbent tampon on a day when your flow is light. This can make removing the tampon uncomfortable.\\n3-3. Hold your tampon string to the side or front if you are defecating.\\nWhile it's fine to get urine on your tampon string, feces contains tons of bacteria that can lead to infection.\\nIf you do get feces on your tampon string, use a wad of toilet paper to remove the tampon and throw it away.\\nMake sure your hands are clean before attempting to insert another tampon--if there is feces on your hands, you could spread an infection to your urinary tract or vagina.\\n3-4. Don't be afraid to urinate while wearing a tampon.\\nBefore trying tampons, some girls are unsure if it's even possible to wear a tampon and urinate. This can keep some girls from using tampons, since they don't want to change it every time they pee or somehow harm themselves or disrupt their periods.\\nA woman's body has an opening specifically for urine--the urethra. Feces comes through the anus. Your menstrual blood comes out of your vagina, which is located between your urethra and anus.\\nTips\\nIf the tampon string breaks, add a lot of intimate lubricant on your fingertips — you can wear a glove if you'd like — and slide your fingers around the tampon to get it out. It's important that you don't panic.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Tampons are a convenient way to have your period and continue swimming, playing sports, and going about your daily life, without even noticing you're wearing protection. But what do you do when it comes time to use the bathroom? How do you pee without getting the string all wet, or do you need to change the tampon every time? Learn the quick and simple solution for keeping your tampon string clean, and when it's necessary to use a fresh one.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Can you pee with a tampon in?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Yes, absolutely!\", \"描述\": \"Because urine and period blood come out of different holes (urine comes out of your urethra, while period blood comes out of your vagina), a tampon will in no way hinder your ability to pee. With that said, the string at the end of your tampon can get in the way and end up soaked with pee, which can be kind of annoying. Fortunately, a wet string won't cause any health issues, and there are some ways you can avoid getting the string wet in the first place (more on that below!).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Moving the String to the Side\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sit on the toilet seat, but don't pee yet.\", \"描述\": \"If you are using a public toilet, you may wish to squat above the toilet, without actually resting on the seat. Otherwise, you can use a seat-liner or tear several strips of toilet paper, lay them on the toilet seat, and sit.\\nMake sure you have pulled down your pants and underwear or lifted your dress or skirt before sitting down.\\nSqueeze the muscles around your urethra (the opening through which urine exits your body). You only have to do this for a moment, but squeeze tight so you don't start peeing as soon as you sit down.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Reach your hand between your legs and pull the tampon string to the side.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the string against your thigh, and it should be out of the way when you pee.\\nYou may also want to reach behind and pull the string back, toward your anus. Only do this if you aren't also going to defecate, and be sure the string doesn't actually touch your anus.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Lean forward a bit and begin to urinate.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your hand and the string out of the way as you urinate.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wipe as normal.\", \"描述\": \"Continue to hold the string off to the side, using your free hand to tear off some toilet paper and wipe yourself from front to back.\\nFlush, pull up your pants, and remember to wash your hands.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing Common Problems\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't worry if your tampon string gets wet.\", \"描述\": \"There shouldn't be any health repercussions if you accidentally pee on the string. You can squeeze the string with a piece of toilet paper to dry it off before pulling up your pants.\\nIt's really a matter of preference--if you are uncomfortable with the feeling of a wet string, or worry about smell, you can change your tampon if you wish.\\nThere has never been a documented case of infection due to urinating while wearing a tampon.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Change your tampon if the tampon itself gets wet.\", \"描述\": \"If the actual tampon gets wet, it means it wasn't inserted properly and should be changed. Your tampon should be inserted far enough into your vagina so no part of the tampon itself is showing (the absorbent part), only the string.\\nIt is not necessary to change your tampon every time you urinate. Change your tampon based on how long you've had it in ( over eight hours) or if your tampon is leaking or \\\"full.\\\"\\nIf your tampon isn't ready to be changed, you will meet some resistance when you pull on the string.\\nAlways try to match your tampon to your flow--don't wear a super-absorbent tampon on a day when your flow is light. This can make removing the tampon uncomfortable.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hold your tampon string to the side or front if you are defecating.\", \"描述\": \"While it's fine to get urine on your tampon string, feces contains tons of bacteria that can lead to infection.\\nIf you do get feces on your tampon string, use a wad of toilet paper to remove the tampon and throw it away.\\nMake sure your hands are clean before attempting to insert another tampon--if there is feces on your hands, you could spread an infection to your urinary tract or vagina.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't be afraid to urinate while wearing a tampon.\", \"描述\": \"Before trying tampons, some girls are unsure if it's even possible to wear a tampon and urinate. This can keep some girls from using tampons, since they don't want to change it every time they pee or somehow harm themselves or disrupt their periods.\\nA woman's body has an opening specifically for urine--the urethra. Feces comes through the anus. Your menstrual blood comes out of your vagina, which is located between your urethra and anus.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If the tampon string breaks, add a lot of intimate lubricant on your fingertips — you can wear a glove if you'd like — and slide your fingers around the tampon to get it out. It's important that you don't panic.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,148 | How to Avoid People | 1. Avoiding People in General
1-1. Consider why you want to avoid people.
Many people are naturally introverted, and simply need time to recharge after social interaction. If you suffer from depression or social anxiety, however, you may consider seeking help.
Introversion is perfectly normal. Introverted personality types tend to draw their mental energy from being alone, whereas extroverted personality types tend to draw their energy from time spent with people. Give yourself time and space. Do what you need to do in order to feel balanced.
If you aren't sure whether you're introverted, or you'd like to explore your personality further, consider taking a personality test like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Be aware that while personality tests may give you insight into yourself, they may not give you the whole picture.
Social anxiety disorder, or social phobia, can lead people suffer from extreme shyness and fear social interactions like meeting new people, speaking to others, or social events. This fear may focus on being judged or scrutinized by others about how you look, what you say, or what you assume people are thinking about you. If you think that you might be suffering from an anxiety disorder, consider speaking with a counselor or therapist.
Depression is characterized by a sad, hopeless mood, along with a loss of interest or pleasure in things that usually interest you. Many people with depression wind up withdrawing from friends, family, and loved ones, but support form these loved ones can be one of the best ways to bounce back from depression. If you feel that you're suffering from depression, tell someone, a friend, a family member, anyone close to you. Consider seeking help from a professional counselor or therapist.
1-2. Stay home.
The best way to avoid people is to stay home. There are people outside, so don't go outside.
Read a book or watch a movie. Explore the Internet. Play a game. Do whatever strikes your fancy.
Consider turning your phone off, or putting it on "silent". Turn off internet-based chat apps like Facebook Messenger, Skype, or Google Hangouts.
Keep in mind that this may not be a long-term solution for you. Staying home for a day is one thing. Staying home for a week or a month is entirely another.
1-3. Don't be approachable.
If you must go out, you can give off certain attitudes and social cues which will deter people from approaching you.
Don't make eye contact. It is said that the eyes are the windows to the soul. Eye contact can be a social cue that you want to interact with someone: it initiates connection and establishes mutual awareness. Look at your phone, at a book, at the world around you, or at your feet, just not into anyone's eyes!
Wear headphones or earbuds. Listen to music, listen to podcasts, or just wear headphones to deter people. Whether you're riding the train, walking down a street, or sitting in a park, people may be more hesitant to approach you if you have headphones in.
Read. Stick your nose into a book, a newspaper, a Kindle or an iPad. Absorb yourself in what you're reading, and people may be hesitant to disturb you.
1-4. Go to a remote place.
If you want to avoid people, go where there are no people.
Consider going camping for a weekend. Get away from the hustle and bustle of life in a populated area. Make sure to do your research and properly prepare for the trip.
Visit a county, state, or national park. Check your area for open space preserves, national forest, and wilderness areas. Go for a long hike, or just sit and take in the silence. Be sure to secure any appropriate permits and heed the park rules.
Be aware that you may encounter people even in wilderness areas. There are billions of people swarming this planet, and it's going to be very difficult to avoid all of them. If you do encounter another person in the wild: be polite, say hello, and then continue along your way.
2. Avoiding a Specific Person
2-1. Know the person's schedule and habits.
If you know where someone will be at a given time, it's much easier to avoid them.
Find out where they work, if you don't know already. Avoid their place of work. If you work with the person, ask your manager if you can work a different shift.
Avoid attending parties and other gatherings where you know that this person will be present or try to stagger your attendance so that you aren't there at the same time. If an event has been organized over the Internet, check the guest list before you show up.
2-2. Change your routines.
Identify when and where you encounter this person, and avoid those situations. If you find that you keep running into someone, changing your habits may keep them out of your hair.
If you can't avoid the situations in which you usually encounter the person, say you have a class together, or you work together. Consider taking bigger steps: drop the class, or find a different job. Try to spend your time interacting with other people so that you don't find yourself alone with this particular person.
Take a different route to school or work each day. Take a different route home. If you usually hang out somewhere after school, consider heading straight home.
If you are worried that someone is following you or watching you, change your routines more often. Never take the same way home. Tell a parent, a teacher, or a responsible friend.
2-3. Avoid the person on social media.
Ignore their messages, and be careful about the personal information that you post. Your online life may be more public than you realize.
Consider blocking the person on Facebook. Consider "unfriending" the person, and setting your privacy settings so that they can't see your posts. This step may become necessary if a person won't stop harassing you.
Delete the person from any relevant social media accounts: Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, etc. The less connected you are to a person, the easier it will be to avoid them.
Be aware that if you block or delete a person from your social media profile, he or she may notice. This can send a strong message that you don't want to associate with the person, but it can also inflame the situation further.
2-4. Don't pick up the phone for any unknown numbers.
Let the call ring until it goes to voicemail. If you're trying to avoid someone, but they are trying to reach you, they may disguise their number or use a phone that is not their own.
If your caller ID says "restricted" or "private", do not answer. If the call is important, the caller will leave a voicemail or find another way to reach you.
If you live in the U.S., many telephone service providers offer a service that helps you identify your last call: if you miss a call from an unknown number and you'd like to know who it was, dial *69. You will hear the telephone number associated with your last call and, in some areas, the date and time of the call.
Consider blocking a number so that the person cannot call you from their own phone.
2-5. Avoid making eye contact with the person.
Eye contact is a cue for social interaction, and they may take this connection as an invitation to speak with you.
If you do accidentally make eye contact, do not hold their gaze. Look away quickly, and find someone else that you can interact with.
If you need to walk somewhere and the person is in the way, give them a wide berth. Consider waiting until they leave. Do not give them a reason to speak to you.
2-6. Avoid being alone with the person.
There is safety in numbers. Spend your time in groups, speaking with others, so that you don't find yourself interacting one-on-one with the person you're trying to avoid.
If you're in a group, the person you're trying to avoid may find it intimidating to approach you. Anywhere you go to class, to lunch, even to the bathroom. Try to keep at least one person with you.
If you absolutely must interact with the person one-on-one, try to end the conversation as quickly as possible. Do not let them bait you into keeping the conversation going. Make an excuse: (“I need to get to class.” or “I'm late for an appointment.”) and get out of there.
2-7. Consider getting a restraining order if you feel that you're in danger.
If you are trying to avoid someone and they won’t leave you alone, you may want to involve the authorities in order to put a stop to the problem.
Restraining orders can take various forms. You can get a restraining order to keep someone from harassing you; you can get a restraining order to keep a person a certain distance away from you (i.e. 50 or 100 yards) at all times and you can get a restraining order to force someone to move out of your home.
If a person is making you feel uncomfortable, call someone. Tell a friend, a family member, a teacher, or any responsible adult. Make sure that someone close to you knows where you are.
If you find yourself in immediate danger, call 911. Tell the dispatcher where you are, who you are, and who is following you. Get to a safe place, like a classroom, a store, a friend's house, or a heavily-populated area. Lock yourself into a bathroom, if you must, and call 911 from there.
2-8. Consider confronting the person.
It can be stressful to spend your time walking on eggshells, trying to avoid someone. If you speak to the person directly, you may be able to resolve your problem.
Think about what the problem is, and plan out exactly what you're going to say. Are you causing the problem here, or are they? Try to keep your emotions in check; be calm, rational, and patient.
Be careful. Think about how the person will react. If you're worried that he or she may become violent, consider using a mediator. Bring a mutual friend or family member, or hire a professional mediator.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding People in General\\n1-1. Consider why you want to avoid people.\\nMany people are naturally introverted, and simply need time to recharge after social interaction. If you suffer from depression or social anxiety, however, you may consider seeking help.\\nIntroversion is perfectly normal. Introverted personality types tend to draw their mental energy from being alone, whereas extroverted personality types tend to draw their energy from time spent with people. Give yourself time and space. Do what you need to do in order to feel balanced.\\nIf you aren't sure whether you're introverted, or you'd like to explore your personality further, consider taking a personality test like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Be aware that while personality tests may give you insight into yourself, they may not give you the whole picture.\\nSocial anxiety disorder, or social phobia, can lead people suffer from extreme shyness and fear social interactions like meeting new people, speaking to others, or social events. This fear may focus on being judged or scrutinized by others about how you look, what you say, or what you assume people are thinking about you. If you think that you might be suffering from an anxiety disorder, consider speaking with a counselor or therapist.\\nDepression is characterized by a sad, hopeless mood, along with a loss of interest or pleasure in things that usually interest you. Many people with depression wind up withdrawing from friends, family, and loved ones, but support form these loved ones can be one of the best ways to bounce back from depression. If you feel that you're suffering from depression, tell someone, a friend, a family member, anyone close to you. Consider seeking help from a professional counselor or therapist.\\n1-2. Stay home.\\nThe best way to avoid people is to stay home. There are people outside, so don't go outside.\\nRead a book or watch a movie. Explore the Internet. Play a game. Do whatever strikes your fancy.\\nConsider turning your phone off, or putting it on \\\"silent\\\". Turn off internet-based chat apps like Facebook Messenger, Skype, or Google Hangouts.\\nKeep in mind that this may not be a long-term solution for you. Staying home for a day is one thing. Staying home for a week or a month is entirely another.\\n1-3. Don't be approachable.\\nIf you must go out, you can give off certain attitudes and social cues which will deter people from approaching you.\\nDon't make eye contact. It is said that the eyes are the windows to the soul. Eye contact can be a social cue that you want to interact with someone: it initiates connection and establishes mutual awareness. Look at your phone, at a book, at the world around you, or at your feet, just not into anyone's eyes!\\nWear headphones or earbuds. Listen to music, listen to podcasts, or just wear headphones to deter people. Whether you're riding the train, walking down a street, or sitting in a park, people may be more hesitant to approach you if you have headphones in.\\nRead. Stick your nose into a book, a newspaper, a Kindle or an iPad. Absorb yourself in what you're reading, and people may be hesitant to disturb you.\\n1-4. Go to a remote place.\\nIf you want to avoid people, go where there are no people.\\nConsider going camping for a weekend. Get away from the hustle and bustle of life in a populated area. Make sure to do your research and properly prepare for the trip.\\nVisit a county, state, or national park. Check your area for open space preserves, national forest, and wilderness areas. Go for a long hike, or just sit and take in the silence. Be sure to secure any appropriate permits and heed the park rules.\\nBe aware that you may encounter people even in wilderness areas. There are billions of people swarming this planet, and it's going to be very difficult to avoid all of them. If you do encounter another person in the wild: be polite, say hello, and then continue along your way.\\n2. Avoiding a Specific Person\\n2-1. Know the person's schedule and habits.\\nIf you know where someone will be at a given time, it's much easier to avoid them.\\nFind out where they work, if you don't know already. Avoid their place of work. If you work with the person, ask your manager if you can work a different shift.\\nAvoid attending parties and other gatherings where you know that this person will be present or try to stagger your attendance so that you aren't there at the same time. If an event has been organized over the Internet, check the guest list before you show up.\\n2-2. Change your routines.\\nIdentify when and where you encounter this person, and avoid those situations. If you find that you keep running into someone, changing your habits may keep them out of your hair.\\nIf you can't avoid the situations in which you usually encounter the person, say you have a class together, or you work together. Consider taking bigger steps: drop the class, or find a different job. Try to spend your time interacting with other people so that you don't find yourself alone with this particular person.\\nTake a different route to school or work each day. Take a different route home. If you usually hang out somewhere after school, consider heading straight home.\\nIf you are worried that someone is following you or watching you, change your routines more often. Never take the same way home. Tell a parent, a teacher, or a responsible friend.\\n2-3. Avoid the person on social media.\\nIgnore their messages, and be careful about the personal information that you post. Your online life may be more public than you realize.\\nConsider blocking the person on Facebook. Consider \\\"unfriending\\\" the person, and setting your privacy settings so that they can't see your posts. This step may become necessary if a person won't stop harassing you.\\nDelete the person from any relevant social media accounts: Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, etc. The less connected you are to a person, the easier it will be to avoid them.\\nBe aware that if you block or delete a person from your social media profile, he or she may notice. This can send a strong message that you don't want to associate with the person, but it can also inflame the situation further.\\n2-4. Don't pick up the phone for any unknown numbers.\\nLet the call ring until it goes to voicemail. If you're trying to avoid someone, but they are trying to reach you, they may disguise their number or use a phone that is not their own.\\nIf your caller ID says \\\"restricted\\\" or \\\"private\\\", do not answer. If the call is important, the caller will leave a voicemail or find another way to reach you.\\nIf you live in the U.S., many telephone service providers offer a service that helps you identify your last call: if you miss a call from an unknown number and you'd like to know who it was, dial *69. You will hear the telephone number associated with your last call and, in some areas, the date and time of the call.\\nConsider blocking a number so that the person cannot call you from their own phone.\\n2-5. Avoid making eye contact with the person.\\nEye contact is a cue for social interaction, and they may take this connection as an invitation to speak with you.\\nIf you do accidentally make eye contact, do not hold their gaze. Look away quickly, and find someone else that you can interact with.\\nIf you need to walk somewhere and the person is in the way, give them a wide berth. Consider waiting until they leave. Do not give them a reason to speak to you.\\n2-6. Avoid being alone with the person.\\nThere is safety in numbers. Spend your time in groups, speaking with others, so that you don't find yourself interacting one-on-one with the person you're trying to avoid.\\nIf you're in a group, the person you're trying to avoid may find it intimidating to approach you. Anywhere you go to class, to lunch, even to the bathroom. Try to keep at least one person with you.\\nIf you absolutely must interact with the person one-on-one, try to end the conversation as quickly as possible. Do not let them bait you into keeping the conversation going. Make an excuse: (“I need to get to class.” or “I'm late for an appointment.”) and get out of there.\\n2-7. Consider getting a restraining order if you feel that you're in danger.\\nIf you are trying to avoid someone and they won’t leave you alone, you may want to involve the authorities in order to put a stop to the problem.\\nRestraining orders can take various forms. You can get a restraining order to keep someone from harassing you; you can get a restraining order to keep a person a certain distance away from you (i.e. 50 or 100 yards) at all times and you can get a restraining order to force someone to move out of your home.\\nIf a person is making you feel uncomfortable, call someone. Tell a friend, a family member, a teacher, or any responsible adult. Make sure that someone close to you knows where you are.\\nIf you find yourself in immediate danger, call 911. Tell the dispatcher where you are, who you are, and who is following you. Get to a safe place, like a classroom, a store, a friend's house, or a heavily-populated area. Lock yourself into a bathroom, if you must, and call 911 from there.\\n2-8. Consider confronting the person.\\nIt can be stressful to spend your time walking on eggshells, trying to avoid someone. If you speak to the person directly, you may be able to resolve your problem.\\nThink about what the problem is, and plan out exactly what you're going to say. Are you causing the problem here, or are they? Try to keep your emotions in check; be calm, rational, and patient.\\nBe careful. Think about how the person will react. If you're worried that he or she may become violent, consider using a mediator. Bring a mutual friend or family member, or hire a professional mediator.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"It can be difficult to avoid people, particularly when those people are seeking out your company. However, there are steps that you can take to make yourself unavailable, whether you want to avoid a specific person or you just need a break from people in general. Understand the reasons why you want to avoid people, and keep in mind that you may not be able to avoid people forever.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding People in General\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider why you want to avoid people.\", \"描述\": \"Many people are naturally introverted, and simply need time to recharge after social interaction. If you suffer from depression or social anxiety, however, you may consider seeking help.\\nIntroversion is perfectly normal. Introverted personality types tend to draw their mental energy from being alone, whereas extroverted personality types tend to draw their energy from time spent with people. Give yourself time and space. Do what you need to do in order to feel balanced.\\nIf you aren't sure whether you're introverted, or you'd like to explore your personality further, consider taking a personality test like the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Be aware that while personality tests may give you insight into yourself, they may not give you the whole picture.\\nSocial anxiety disorder, or social phobia, can lead people suffer from extreme shyness and fear social interactions like meeting new people, speaking to others, or social events. This fear may focus on being judged or scrutinized by others about how you look, what you say, or what you assume people are thinking about you. If you think that you might be suffering from an anxiety disorder, consider speaking with a counselor or therapist.\\nDepression is characterized by a sad, hopeless mood, along with a loss of interest or pleasure in things that usually interest you. Many people with depression wind up withdrawing from friends, family, and loved ones, but support form these loved ones can be one of the best ways to bounce back from depression. If you feel that you're suffering from depression, tell someone, a friend, a family member, anyone close to you. Consider seeking help from a professional counselor or therapist.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay home.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to avoid people is to stay home. There are people outside, so don't go outside.\\nRead a book or watch a movie. Explore the Internet. Play a game. Do whatever strikes your fancy.\\nConsider turning your phone off, or putting it on \\\"silent\\\". Turn off internet-based chat apps like Facebook Messenger, Skype, or Google Hangouts.\\nKeep in mind that this may not be a long-term solution for you. Staying home for a day is one thing. Staying home for a week or a month is entirely another.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't be approachable.\", \"描述\": \"If you must go out, you can give off certain attitudes and social cues which will deter people from approaching you.\\nDon't make eye contact. It is said that the eyes are the windows to the soul. Eye contact can be a social cue that you want to interact with someone: it initiates connection and establishes mutual awareness. Look at your phone, at a book, at the world around you, or at your feet, just not into anyone's eyes!\\nWear headphones or earbuds. Listen to music, listen to podcasts, or just wear headphones to deter people. Whether you're riding the train, walking down a street, or sitting in a park, people may be more hesitant to approach you if you have headphones in.\\nRead. Stick your nose into a book, a newspaper, a Kindle or an iPad. Absorb yourself in what you're reading, and people may be hesitant to disturb you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go to a remote place.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to avoid people, go where there are no people.\\nConsider going camping for a weekend. Get away from the hustle and bustle of life in a populated area. Make sure to do your research and properly prepare for the trip.\\nVisit a county, state, or national park. Check your area for open space preserves, national forest, and wilderness areas. Go for a long hike, or just sit and take in the silence. Be sure to secure any appropriate permits and heed the park rules.\\nBe aware that you may encounter people even in wilderness areas. There are billions of people swarming this planet, and it's going to be very difficult to avoid all of them. If you do encounter another person in the wild: be polite, say hello, and then continue along your way.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding a Specific Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know the person's schedule and habits.\", \"描述\": \"If you know where someone will be at a given time, it's much easier to avoid them.\\nFind out where they work, if you don't know already. Avoid their place of work. If you work with the person, ask your manager if you can work a different shift.\\nAvoid attending parties and other gatherings where you know that this person will be present or try to stagger your attendance so that you aren't there at the same time. If an event has been organized over the Internet, check the guest list before you show up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Change your routines.\", \"描述\": \"Identify when and where you encounter this person, and avoid those situations. If you find that you keep running into someone, changing your habits may keep them out of your hair.\\nIf you can't avoid the situations in which you usually encounter the person, say you have a class together, or you work together. Consider taking bigger steps: drop the class, or find a different job. Try to spend your time interacting with other people so that you don't find yourself alone with this particular person.\\nTake a different route to school or work each day. Take a different route home. If you usually hang out somewhere after school, consider heading straight home.\\nIf you are worried that someone is following you or watching you, change your routines more often. Never take the same way home. Tell a parent, a teacher, or a responsible friend.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid the person on social media.\", \"描述\": \"Ignore their messages, and be careful about the personal information that you post. Your online life may be more public than you realize.\\nConsider blocking the person on Facebook. Consider \\\"unfriending\\\" the person, and setting your privacy settings so that they can't see your posts. This step may become necessary if a person won't stop harassing you.\\nDelete the person from any relevant social media accounts: Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, etc. The less connected you are to a person, the easier it will be to avoid them.\\nBe aware that if you block or delete a person from your social media profile, he or she may notice. This can send a strong message that you don't want to associate with the person, but it can also inflame the situation further.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't pick up the phone for any unknown numbers.\", \"描述\": \"Let the call ring until it goes to voicemail. If you're trying to avoid someone, but they are trying to reach you, they may disguise their number or use a phone that is not their own.\\nIf your caller ID says \\\"restricted\\\" or \\\"private\\\", do not answer. If the call is important, the caller will leave a voicemail or find another way to reach you.\\nIf you live in the U.S., many telephone service providers offer a service that helps you identify your last call: if you miss a call from an unknown number and you'd like to know who it was, dial *69. You will hear the telephone number associated with your last call and, in some areas, the date and time of the call.\\nConsider blocking a number so that the person cannot call you from their own phone.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid making eye contact with the person.\", \"描述\": \"Eye contact is a cue for social interaction, and they may take this connection as an invitation to speak with you.\\nIf you do accidentally make eye contact, do not hold their gaze. Look away quickly, and find someone else that you can interact with.\\nIf you need to walk somewhere and the person is in the way, give them a wide berth. Consider waiting until they leave. Do not give them a reason to speak to you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoid being alone with the person.\", \"描述\": \"There is safety in numbers. Spend your time in groups, speaking with others, so that you don't find yourself interacting one-on-one with the person you're trying to avoid.\\nIf you're in a group, the person you're trying to avoid may find it intimidating to approach you. Anywhere you go to class, to lunch, even to the bathroom. Try to keep at least one person with you.\\nIf you absolutely must interact with the person one-on-one, try to end the conversation as quickly as possible. Do not let them bait you into keeping the conversation going. Make an excuse: (“I need to get to class.” or “I'm late for an appointment.”) and get out of there.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Consider getting a restraining order if you feel that you're in danger.\", \"描述\": \"If you are trying to avoid someone and they won’t leave you alone, you may want to involve the authorities in order to put a stop to the problem.\\nRestraining orders can take various forms. You can get a restraining order to keep someone from harassing you; you can get a restraining order to keep a person a certain distance away from you (i.e. 50 or 100 yards) at all times and you can get a restraining order to force someone to move out of your home.\\nIf a person is making you feel uncomfortable, call someone. Tell a friend, a family member, a teacher, or any responsible adult. Make sure that someone close to you knows where you are.\\nIf you find yourself in immediate danger, call 911. Tell the dispatcher where you are, who you are, and who is following you. Get to a safe place, like a classroom, a store, a friend's house, or a heavily-populated area. Lock yourself into a bathroom, if you must, and call 911 from there.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Consider confronting the person.\", \"描述\": \"It can be stressful to spend your time walking on eggshells, trying to avoid someone. If you speak to the person directly, you may be able to resolve your problem.\\nThink about what the problem is, and plan out exactly what you're going to say. Are you causing the problem here, or are they? Try to keep your emotions in check; be calm, rational, and patient.\\nBe careful. Think about how the person will react. If you're worried that he or she may become violent, consider using a mediator. Bring a mutual friend or family member, or hire a professional mediator.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,149 | How to Avoid People You Dislike | 1. Managing Online Presence
1-1. Delete, unfollow and unfriend from social media channels.
Each social media outlet allows you to remove a person from your list of contacts, fans, and friends. This will not only allow you to disconnect from the person, but it will stop the person from viewing your posts as well.
Confirm that your security filters are in line with your intent to avoid the person.
It may be necessary to remove yourself from social media and close your accounts. You may not be happy about doing this, but there are times when it is warranted.
1-2. Block e-mails.
To prevent communication coming into your inbox delete the person from your address book. Setting up your spam filters will allow you to monitor if the person attempts to send you an unwanted e-mail. You can always click the delete button or save the e-mail to a folder if you need to gather evidence of something more serious such as stalking, cyber-bullying, or harassing.
There are times when you need to gather the paper trail someone is leaving so it can be used in a potential law suit. Documented evidence adds merit to a case.
1-3. Don’t call or text the person.
It may or may not be hard to restrain yourself from calling or texting the person. You may want to communicate something negative to them, or you might be struggling with the urge to reconnect. Either way, both calling and texting will lead to additional and potentially unwanted communication that may worsen the situation.
1-4. Avoid responding to calls, texts or e-mails.
Find the strength to ignore communication from the person. This might be easy. However, he or she might be trying to seduce you into communicating only to cause you more harm. Silence will maintain a clean slate of communication and is an absolute way to avoid unwanted interaction.
2. Coping at School
2-1. Drop or switch the class.
If you are unable to maintain composure or you simply need to get away from the person, then take action. There may be penalties for dropping a class if you are passed any applicable deadlines. If the circumstances are severe enough, then you need to drop the class.
Explaining your situation may earn some leniency from the school’s administration department.
2-2. Talk to the instructor or administrator.
Discussions should be held in private, so call, e-mail or ask your instructor for an opportunity to speak. You may need to make an appointment. There may be the need to speak with an administrator as well. If you are under 18 years of age then a parent will need to be present.
You can say, “It has become increasingly difficult to be in class with _____ and I need to be transferred out of class. Or he/she needs to be transferred out of class. What can be done about this and how quickly can it happen?”
Instructors and administrators may attempt to resolve the matter without removing you or the person from class. Remain calm, but stick up for yourself and make sure your needs are met.
Be prepared to tell them exactly why you are making this request.
2-3. Walk a different path.
Most campuses are large and have many paths leading to various destinations on campus. Find the path of least resistance. If you are familiar with the travel patterns of this person, then plan to take a different route. Yes, it might take a little more time, but you need to avoid the person.
If you happen to see the person at the distance, simply turn and walk the other way.
2-4. Avoid direct eye contact.
There might be times when you unexpectedly come face-to-face with the individual. Averting your eyes away from the person and moving away as quickly as possible will prevent additional and unnecessary interaction with this person. Be prepared for the unexpected.
2-5. Ask your friends to help you.
When your friends are looking out for you, it makes life a little easier. A friend can create a barrier or distraction that allows you to slip away unnoticed. Make sure you trust those who say they are willing to help.
Strike up a conversation with someone at a party. Approach a person and tell him, “I’m going to talk to you right now because I’m trying to avoid someone. Is that okay?” Not only will this help avoid the person, you might strike up a conversation with someone you really enjoy.
2-6. Be ready to use a simple “out” to get out of a situation.
There will be times when you need to pretend to be on the phone, or that you lost your glasses or keys. These tactics can be used on the spot to avoid even the most annoying people.
If you see someone walking toward you that you don’t want to talk to, pull out your phone and pretend to have an important conversation. You can turn your back and walk away.
If you are talking with someone and you want it to end simply make a gasping noise and make an excuse to leave such as “Oh my gosh. I have to find my keys. Sorry, I have to go.” You created your own “out” to remove yourself from an interaction with someone you want to avoid.
2-7. Appreciate the positive qualities and learning experiences.
There are some who believe that people, even annoying ones, come into our lives to teach us something. Each experience prepares us to be smarter and more in tune with what we want out of life.
Sit down and make a list of the things you learned from your experience.
Write about all the positive things that happened too. No situation is all bad.
3. Handling Work Situations
3-1. Switch jobs.
Whether you have the luxury of switching jobs or not, it may be the best choice to avoid someone at work. Circumstances can range from a petty misunderstanding to something as serious as a sexual harassment claim. You may want to keep your job because you love it, so you may need to look at other options.
Report all serious allegations to the human resource department which is there to assist employees settle grievances.
3-2. Ask to be moved to a different department, area or supervisor.
Office or factory space might be limited, but if you need to create distance between you and another person, you need to ask. Don’t put yourself through listening or being around someone you dislike. It will definitely lower your job satisfaction and likely raise your stress level.
You will be asked to support your request for a change so be prepared. Write down your concerns ahead of time, and bring supporting documentation with you to the meeting.
You won’t be the first person or the last person who has requested a change in seating arrangements. This is a common occurrence in any office.
3-3. Focus on being productive.
Concentrating on your job and the things you need to do to be productive will help you avoid a person at work. You are entitled to have a conflict-free work environment in which you feel safe. Solitude will prevent interactions with others who might misconstrue your words or behaviors.
Use your break time to clean out a desk drawer, or get some exercise, or read a magazine.
Enjoy your own company. Use the time to meditate, practice yoga or write poems, which will help manage the stress you might be experiencing.
3-4. Work around the person’s schedule.
Many employers hire employees to work shifts that vary in length and days worked per week. If you are in this situation, you can request a different shift. If you work in a standard 9:00 to 5:00 work environment it is difficult to vary your schedule. However, you can observe and work around someone’s break schedule, bathroom breaks and lunches.
3-5. Do not accept invitations.
Be discreet, but do not accept invitations to gatherings that the other person will attend. Depending on the severity of the situation, you don’t want to put yourself into an awkward or harmful situation.
Arrange your own gatherings if you want to spend time with co-workers.
3-6. Always feel comfortable with removing yourself from any situation.
It is awful to feel stuck in a social situation. You might feel pressure if your boss is there, or you are afraid of what co-workers will think or say about you. Allow yourself the freedom to say, “Hey you guys, I have to get going. I’ve got a long drive,” or whatever the reason.
There might be times when you excuse yourself to use the restroom and simply leave without telling anyone. This is acceptable as well. The goal is to get you away from the person you are trying to avoid and remove yourself from the situation.
If you leave without telling anyone, text someone you trust who was there to tell them you left. You don’t want anyone to worry about you, especially if you have been in a conflicting situation with someone.
3-7. Be civil in the event of an unexpected interaction.
Chances are, you might have to interact with the person on a work matter. Use the rule of thumb to remain calm, civil and stick to the task at hand to avoid conflict. Do not respond to any attempts by the other person to provoke you.
Maintain your composure until the interaction is over. Congratulate yourself on a job well done.
Stay positive. Keep things “light and airy,” which means: stay away from deep thoughts, discussions, troubles or complaints if you come in contact with the person. Portray a sense of calm and optimism that can’t be pulled down by the negativity or awkwardness of the situation.
Focusing on the positive will guard against being pulled into negative discussions.
No one can take your power away from you if you remain positive. Reacting to an agitating remark will give your power to the other person. You are in control and responsible for your feelings and actions. It is an important job.
3-8. Gain perspective.
It’s important to keep things in perspective. Once you see there is life after a struggle with someone you can release your feelings of upset and shepherd in feelings of relief. You can let it go and reframe your priorities.
If you try to let something go and the situation continues to eat at you, then you likely need to process additional feelings.
4. Dealing With More Serious Matters
4-1. Define boundaries.
Whether you are having a conflict with a mother-in-law, a cousin suffering from a drug addiction, or an uncle who is inappropriate with your child, you need to communicate your intentions and expectations as best you can. Your decision to avoid this person is likely supported by ongoing problematic interactions.
If you live with the person you could say, “I need you to know that I’m going to distance myself as best I can from this conflict we are having. I think keeping a healthy distance between us is the right thing to do. Can we agree to stay out of each other’s way?”
If they live at a different address it will be easier to manage. You can sever contact by not calling, texting, or emailing. Avoid all interactions.
4-2. Do not attend family gatherings.
Many families experience heightened levels of stress and conflict during family gatherings. If you want to avoid a person who will undoubtedly cause a problem for you, then make your apologies and do not attend.
Plan and hold separate gatherings. However, avoid overlapping events to prevent your loved ones from having to choose between the two. This will only inflame any current friction between you and the other person.
4-3. Make only supervised contact.
You may have a relative who you don’t trust for some reason. You may not want to be alone with this person. Whatever the reason, always bring along a witness if you are forced to interact with the person. Safety is always a paramount concern.
4-4. Seek professional help to manage your emotions and thoughts.
If you are struggling with the turmoil of dealing with this person, you may benefit from talking to a counselor. Psychologists, licensed professional counselors, and psychiatrists are good options, and you probably have a few of these professionals in your area.
Find a psychologist using the American Psychological Association's locator.
Find a psychiatrist using the American Psychiatric Association's website.
4-5. Seek legal advice if necessary.
As situations escalate, you might need the help of an attorney. Conflicts vary in severity and there might be times when it is in your best interest to avoid any and all interactions with someone. Law suits, by design, pose one side against the other. Anything you do or say can be detrimental to your case. Your attorney will guide you through the process.
4-6. File a restraining order if necessary.
The person you are trying to avoid may have serious problems. If you feel you are in potential danger, seek a restraining order against the person to restrict contact. If they violate the order, you can call the police to intervene.
Tips
You can always make up an excuse to remove yourself from any situation.
Don’t let the situation occupy your every thought. You have more productive things to think about and do.
Move on with your life. Whatever your reason is for avoiding the person, you need to regroup and move past the conflict.
Warnings
If a restraining order has been placed against you, there will be legal consequences if you violate the order. The law is meant to protect you and others from harm. It is best to respect the authority of the action placed against you and vice-versa.
Let the severity of the conflict drive your responses. If you are in a legally contentious situation where communication is prohibited, then you must practice the utmost control in not saying anything to the person.
The laws designed to control stalking vary from state to state. If you are being stalked you must report your concerns to a person of authority whether that is a parent, teacher, church official, police or attorney.[17]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:21",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Managing Online Presence\\n1-1. Delete, unfollow and unfriend from social media channels.\\nEach social media outlet allows you to remove a person from your list of contacts, fans, and friends. This will not only allow you to disconnect from the person, but it will stop the person from viewing your posts as well.\\nConfirm that your security filters are in line with your intent to avoid the person.\\nIt may be necessary to remove yourself from social media and close your accounts. You may not be happy about doing this, but there are times when it is warranted.\\n1-2. Block e-mails.\\nTo prevent communication coming into your inbox delete the person from your address book. Setting up your spam filters will allow you to monitor if the person attempts to send you an unwanted e-mail. You can always click the delete button or save the e-mail to a folder if you need to gather evidence of something more serious such as stalking, cyber-bullying, or harassing.\\nThere are times when you need to gather the paper trail someone is leaving so it can be used in a potential law suit. Documented evidence adds merit to a case.\\n1-3. Don’t call or text the person.\\nIt may or may not be hard to restrain yourself from calling or texting the person. You may want to communicate something negative to them, or you might be struggling with the urge to reconnect. Either way, both calling and texting will lead to additional and potentially unwanted communication that may worsen the situation.\\n1-4. Avoid responding to calls, texts or e-mails.\\nFind the strength to ignore communication from the person. This might be easy. However, he or she might be trying to seduce you into communicating only to cause you more harm. Silence will maintain a clean slate of communication and is an absolute way to avoid unwanted interaction.\\n2. Coping at School\\n2-1. Drop or switch the class.\\nIf you are unable to maintain composure or you simply need to get away from the person, then take action. There may be penalties for dropping a class if you are passed any applicable deadlines. If the circumstances are severe enough, then you need to drop the class.\\nExplaining your situation may earn some leniency from the school’s administration department.\\n2-2. Talk to the instructor or administrator.\\nDiscussions should be held in private, so call, e-mail or ask your instructor for an opportunity to speak. You may need to make an appointment. There may be the need to speak with an administrator as well. If you are under 18 years of age then a parent will need to be present.\\nYou can say, “It has become increasingly difficult to be in class with _____ and I need to be transferred out of class. Or he/she needs to be transferred out of class. What can be done about this and how quickly can it happen?”\\nInstructors and administrators may attempt to resolve the matter without removing you or the person from class. Remain calm, but stick up for yourself and make sure your needs are met.\\nBe prepared to tell them exactly why you are making this request.\\n2-3. Walk a different path.\\nMost campuses are large and have many paths leading to various destinations on campus. Find the path of least resistance. If you are familiar with the travel patterns of this person, then plan to take a different route. Yes, it might take a little more time, but you need to avoid the person.\\nIf you happen to see the person at the distance, simply turn and walk the other way.\\n2-4. Avoid direct eye contact.\\nThere might be times when you unexpectedly come face-to-face with the individual. Averting your eyes away from the person and moving away as quickly as possible will prevent additional and unnecessary interaction with this person. Be prepared for the unexpected.\\n2-5. Ask your friends to help you.\\nWhen your friends are looking out for you, it makes life a little easier. A friend can create a barrier or distraction that allows you to slip away unnoticed. Make sure you trust those who say they are willing to help.\\nStrike up a conversation with someone at a party. Approach a person and tell him, “I’m going to talk to you right now because I’m trying to avoid someone. Is that okay?” Not only will this help avoid the person, you might strike up a conversation with someone you really enjoy.\\n2-6. Be ready to use a simple “out” to get out of a situation.\\nThere will be times when you need to pretend to be on the phone, or that you lost your glasses or keys. These tactics can be used on the spot to avoid even the most annoying people.\\nIf you see someone walking toward you that you don’t want to talk to, pull out your phone and pretend to have an important conversation. You can turn your back and walk away.\\nIf you are talking with someone and you want it to end simply make a gasping noise and make an excuse to leave such as “Oh my gosh. I have to find my keys. Sorry, I have to go.” You created your own “out” to remove yourself from an interaction with someone you want to avoid.\\n2-7. Appreciate the positive qualities and learning experiences.\\nThere are some who believe that people, even annoying ones, come into our lives to teach us something. Each experience prepares us to be smarter and more in tune with what we want out of life.\\nSit down and make a list of the things you learned from your experience.\\nWrite about all the positive things that happened too. No situation is all bad.\\n3. Handling Work Situations\\n3-1. Switch jobs.\\nWhether you have the luxury of switching jobs or not, it may be the best choice to avoid someone at work. Circumstances can range from a petty misunderstanding to something as serious as a sexual harassment claim. You may want to keep your job because you love it, so you may need to look at other options.\\nReport all serious allegations to the human resource department which is there to assist employees settle grievances.\\n3-2. Ask to be moved to a different department, area or supervisor.\\nOffice or factory space might be limited, but if you need to create distance between you and another person, you need to ask. Don’t put yourself through listening or being around someone you dislike. It will definitely lower your job satisfaction and likely raise your stress level.\\nYou will be asked to support your request for a change so be prepared. Write down your concerns ahead of time, and bring supporting documentation with you to the meeting.\\nYou won’t be the first person or the last person who has requested a change in seating arrangements. This is a common occurrence in any office.\\n3-3. Focus on being productive.\\nConcentrating on your job and the things you need to do to be productive will help you avoid a person at work. You are entitled to have a conflict-free work environment in which you feel safe. Solitude will prevent interactions with others who might misconstrue your words or behaviors.\\nUse your break time to clean out a desk drawer, or get some exercise, or read a magazine.\\nEnjoy your own company. Use the time to meditate, practice yoga or write poems, which will help manage the stress you might be experiencing.\\n3-4. Work around the person’s schedule.\\nMany employers hire employees to work shifts that vary in length and days worked per week. If you are in this situation, you can request a different shift. If you work in a standard 9:00 to 5:00 work environment it is difficult to vary your schedule. However, you can observe and work around someone’s break schedule, bathroom breaks and lunches.\\n3-5. Do not accept invitations.\\nBe discreet, but do not accept invitations to gatherings that the other person will attend. Depending on the severity of the situation, you don’t want to put yourself into an awkward or harmful situation.\\nArrange your own gatherings if you want to spend time with co-workers.\\n3-6. Always feel comfortable with removing yourself from any situation.\\nIt is awful to feel stuck in a social situation. You might feel pressure if your boss is there, or you are afraid of what co-workers will think or say about you. Allow yourself the freedom to say, “Hey you guys, I have to get going. I’ve got a long drive,” or whatever the reason.\\nThere might be times when you excuse yourself to use the restroom and simply leave without telling anyone. This is acceptable as well. The goal is to get you away from the person you are trying to avoid and remove yourself from the situation.\\nIf you leave without telling anyone, text someone you trust who was there to tell them you left. You don’t want anyone to worry about you, especially if you have been in a conflicting situation with someone.\\n3-7. Be civil in the event of an unexpected interaction.\\nChances are, you might have to interact with the person on a work matter. Use the rule of thumb to remain calm, civil and stick to the task at hand to avoid conflict. Do not respond to any attempts by the other person to provoke you.\\nMaintain your composure until the interaction is over. Congratulate yourself on a job well done.\\nStay positive. Keep things “light and airy,” which means: stay away from deep thoughts, discussions, troubles or complaints if you come in contact with the person. Portray a sense of calm and optimism that can’t be pulled down by the negativity or awkwardness of the situation.\\nFocusing on the positive will guard against being pulled into negative discussions.\\nNo one can take your power away from you if you remain positive. Reacting to an agitating remark will give your power to the other person. You are in control and responsible for your feelings and actions. It is an important job.\\n3-8. Gain perspective.\\nIt’s important to keep things in perspective. Once you see there is life after a struggle with someone you can release your feelings of upset and shepherd in feelings of relief. You can let it go and reframe your priorities.\\nIf you try to let something go and the situation continues to eat at you, then you likely need to process additional feelings.\\n4. Dealing With More Serious Matters\\n4-1. Define boundaries.\\nWhether you are having a conflict with a mother-in-law, a cousin suffering from a drug addiction, or an uncle who is inappropriate with your child, you need to communicate your intentions and expectations as best you can. Your decision to avoid this person is likely supported by ongoing problematic interactions.\\nIf you live with the person you could say, “I need you to know that I’m going to distance myself as best I can from this conflict we are having. I think keeping a healthy distance between us is the right thing to do. Can we agree to stay out of each other’s way?”\\nIf they live at a different address it will be easier to manage. You can sever contact by not calling, texting, or emailing. Avoid all interactions.\\n4-2. Do not attend family gatherings.\\nMany families experience heightened levels of stress and conflict during family gatherings. If you want to avoid a person who will undoubtedly cause a problem for you, then make your apologies and do not attend.\\nPlan and hold separate gatherings. However, avoid overlapping events to prevent your loved ones from having to choose between the two. This will only inflame any current friction between you and the other person.\\n4-3. Make only supervised contact.\\nYou may have a relative who you don’t trust for some reason. You may not want to be alone with this person. Whatever the reason, always bring along a witness if you are forced to interact with the person. Safety is always a paramount concern.\\n4-4. Seek professional help to manage your emotions and thoughts.\\nIf you are struggling with the turmoil of dealing with this person, you may benefit from talking to a counselor. Psychologists, licensed professional counselors, and psychiatrists are good options, and you probably have a few of these professionals in your area.\\nFind a psychologist using the American Psychological Association's locator.\\nFind a psychiatrist using the American Psychiatric Association's website.\\n4-5. Seek legal advice if necessary.\\nAs situations escalate, you might need the help of an attorney. Conflicts vary in severity and there might be times when it is in your best interest to avoid any and all interactions with someone. Law suits, by design, pose one side against the other. Anything you do or say can be detrimental to your case. Your attorney will guide you through the process.\\n4-6. File a restraining order if necessary.\\nThe person you are trying to avoid may have serious problems. If you feel you are in potential danger, seek a restraining order against the person to restrict contact. If they violate the order, you can call the police to intervene.\\nTips\\nYou can always make up an excuse to remove yourself from any situation.\\nDon’t let the situation occupy your every thought. You have more productive things to think about and do.\\nMove on with your life. Whatever your reason is for avoiding the person, you need to regroup and move past the conflict.\\nWarnings\\nIf a restraining order has been placed against you, there will be legal consequences if you violate the order. The law is meant to protect you and others from harm. It is best to respect the authority of the action placed against you and vice-versa.\\nLet the severity of the conflict drive your responses. If you are in a legally contentious situation where communication is prohibited, then you must practice the utmost control in not saying anything to the person.\\nThe laws designed to control stalking vary from state to state. If you are being stalked you must report your concerns to a person of authority whether that is a parent, teacher, church official, police or attorney.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A conflict has occurred between you and another person and now you want, or need, to avoid him/her. The reasons for your disdain can range from minor annoyances to life threatening circumstances. When left to manage conflict in close proximity to someone you dislike, avoidance can prevent worsening the current situation and averting future disputes. Managing this in your on-line world, at school, work, and within your family requires practical strategies that can be learned, if you don’t avoid the call to action.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Managing Online Presence\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Delete, unfollow and unfriend from social media channels.\", \"描述\": \"Each social media outlet allows you to remove a person from your list of contacts, fans, and friends. This will not only allow you to disconnect from the person, but it will stop the person from viewing your posts as well.\\nConfirm that your security filters are in line with your intent to avoid the person.\\nIt may be necessary to remove yourself from social media and close your accounts. You may not be happy about doing this, but there are times when it is warranted.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Block e-mails.\", \"描述\": \"To prevent communication coming into your inbox delete the person from your address book. Setting up your spam filters will allow you to monitor if the person attempts to send you an unwanted e-mail. You can always click the delete button or save the e-mail to a folder if you need to gather evidence of something more serious such as stalking, cyber-bullying, or harassing.\\nThere are times when you need to gather the paper trail someone is leaving so it can be used in a potential law suit. Documented evidence adds merit to a case.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t call or text the person.\", \"描述\": \"It may or may not be hard to restrain yourself from calling or texting the person. You may want to communicate something negative to them, or you might be struggling with the urge to reconnect. Either way, both calling and texting will lead to additional and potentially unwanted communication that may worsen the situation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid responding to calls, texts or e-mails.\", \"描述\": \"Find the strength to ignore communication from the person. This might be easy. However, he or she might be trying to seduce you into communicating only to cause you more harm. Silence will maintain a clean slate of communication and is an absolute way to avoid unwanted interaction.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Coping at School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drop or switch the class.\", \"描述\": \"If you are unable to maintain composure or you simply need to get away from the person, then take action. There may be penalties for dropping a class if you are passed any applicable deadlines. If the circumstances are severe enough, then you need to drop the class.\\nExplaining your situation may earn some leniency from the school’s administration department.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk to the instructor or administrator.\", \"描述\": \"Discussions should be held in private, so call, e-mail or ask your instructor for an opportunity to speak. You may need to make an appointment. There may be the need to speak with an administrator as well. If you are under 18 years of age then a parent will need to be present.\\nYou can say, “It has become increasingly difficult to be in class with _____ and I need to be transferred out of class. Or he/she needs to be transferred out of class. What can be done about this and how quickly can it happen?”\\nInstructors and administrators may attempt to resolve the matter without removing you or the person from class. Remain calm, but stick up for yourself and make sure your needs are met.\\nBe prepared to tell them exactly why you are making this request.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Walk a different path.\", \"描述\": \"Most campuses are large and have many paths leading to various destinations on campus. Find the path of least resistance. If you are familiar with the travel patterns of this person, then plan to take a different route. Yes, it might take a little more time, but you need to avoid the person.\\nIf you happen to see the person at the distance, simply turn and walk the other way.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid direct eye contact.\", \"描述\": \"There might be times when you unexpectedly come face-to-face with the individual. Averting your eyes away from the person and moving away as quickly as possible will prevent additional and unnecessary interaction with this person. Be prepared for the unexpected.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Ask your friends to help you.\", \"描述\": \"When your friends are looking out for you, it makes life a little easier. A friend can create a barrier or distraction that allows you to slip away unnoticed. Make sure you trust those who say they are willing to help.\\nStrike up a conversation with someone at a party. Approach a person and tell him, “I’m going to talk to you right now because I’m trying to avoid someone. Is that okay?” Not only will this help avoid the person, you might strike up a conversation with someone you really enjoy.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be ready to use a simple “out” to get out of a situation.\", \"描述\": \"There will be times when you need to pretend to be on the phone, or that you lost your glasses or keys. These tactics can be used on the spot to avoid even the most annoying people.\\nIf you see someone walking toward you that you don’t want to talk to, pull out your phone and pretend to have an important conversation. You can turn your back and walk away.\\nIf you are talking with someone and you want it to end simply make a gasping noise and make an excuse to leave such as “Oh my gosh. I have to find my keys. Sorry, I have to go.” You created your own “out” to remove yourself from an interaction with someone you want to avoid.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Appreciate the positive qualities and learning experiences.\", \"描述\": \"There are some who believe that people, even annoying ones, come into our lives to teach us something. Each experience prepares us to be smarter and more in tune with what we want out of life.\\nSit down and make a list of the things you learned from your experience.\\nWrite about all the positive things that happened too. No situation is all bad.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Handling Work Situations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Switch jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you have the luxury of switching jobs or not, it may be the best choice to avoid someone at work. Circumstances can range from a petty misunderstanding to something as serious as a sexual harassment claim. You may want to keep your job because you love it, so you may need to look at other options.\\nReport all serious allegations to the human resource department which is there to assist employees settle grievances.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask to be moved to a different department, area or supervisor.\", \"描述\": \"Office or factory space might be limited, but if you need to create distance between you and another person, you need to ask. Don’t put yourself through listening or being around someone you dislike. It will definitely lower your job satisfaction and likely raise your stress level.\\nYou will be asked to support your request for a change so be prepared. Write down your concerns ahead of time, and bring supporting documentation with you to the meeting.\\nYou won’t be the first person or the last person who has requested a change in seating arrangements. This is a common occurrence in any office.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focus on being productive.\", \"描述\": \"Concentrating on your job and the things you need to do to be productive will help you avoid a person at work. You are entitled to have a conflict-free work environment in which you feel safe. Solitude will prevent interactions with others who might misconstrue your words or behaviors.\\nUse your break time to clean out a desk drawer, or get some exercise, or read a magazine.\\nEnjoy your own company. Use the time to meditate, practice yoga or write poems, which will help manage the stress you might be experiencing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work around the person’s schedule.\", \"描述\": \"Many employers hire employees to work shifts that vary in length and days worked per week. If you are in this situation, you can request a different shift. If you work in a standard 9:00 to 5:00 work environment it is difficult to vary your schedule. However, you can observe and work around someone’s break schedule, bathroom breaks and lunches.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do not accept invitations.\", \"描述\": \"Be discreet, but do not accept invitations to gatherings that the other person will attend. Depending on the severity of the situation, you don’t want to put yourself into an awkward or harmful situation.\\nArrange your own gatherings if you want to spend time with co-workers.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Always feel comfortable with removing yourself from any situation.\", \"描述\": \"It is awful to feel stuck in a social situation. You might feel pressure if your boss is there, or you are afraid of what co-workers will think or say about you. Allow yourself the freedom to say, “Hey you guys, I have to get going. I’ve got a long drive,” or whatever the reason.\\nThere might be times when you excuse yourself to use the restroom and simply leave without telling anyone. This is acceptable as well. The goal is to get you away from the person you are trying to avoid and remove yourself from the situation.\\nIf you leave without telling anyone, text someone you trust who was there to tell them you left. You don’t want anyone to worry about you, especially if you have been in a conflicting situation with someone.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be civil in the event of an unexpected interaction.\", \"描述\": \"Chances are, you might have to interact with the person on a work matter. Use the rule of thumb to remain calm, civil and stick to the task at hand to avoid conflict. Do not respond to any attempts by the other person to provoke you.\\nMaintain your composure until the interaction is over. Congratulate yourself on a job well done.\\nStay positive. Keep things “light and airy,” which means: stay away from deep thoughts, discussions, troubles or complaints if you come in contact with the person. Portray a sense of calm and optimism that can’t be pulled down by the negativity or awkwardness of the situation.\\nFocusing on the positive will guard against being pulled into negative discussions.\\nNo one can take your power away from you if you remain positive. Reacting to an agitating remark will give your power to the other person. You are in control and responsible for your feelings and actions. It is an important job.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Gain perspective.\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to keep things in perspective. Once you see there is life after a struggle with someone you can release your feelings of upset and shepherd in feelings of relief. You can let it go and reframe your priorities.\\nIf you try to let something go and the situation continues to eat at you, then you likely need to process additional feelings.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Dealing With More Serious Matters\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Define boundaries.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you are having a conflict with a mother-in-law, a cousin suffering from a drug addiction, or an uncle who is inappropriate with your child, you need to communicate your intentions and expectations as best you can. Your decision to avoid this person is likely supported by ongoing problematic interactions.\\nIf you live with the person you could say, “I need you to know that I’m going to distance myself as best I can from this conflict we are having. I think keeping a healthy distance between us is the right thing to do. Can we agree to stay out of each other’s way?”\\nIf they live at a different address it will be easier to manage. You can sever contact by not calling, texting, or emailing. Avoid all interactions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do not attend family gatherings.\", \"描述\": \"Many families experience heightened levels of stress and conflict during family gatherings. If you want to avoid a person who will undoubtedly cause a problem for you, then make your apologies and do not attend.\\nPlan and hold separate gatherings. However, avoid overlapping events to prevent your loved ones from having to choose between the two. This will only inflame any current friction between you and the other person.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make only supervised contact.\", \"描述\": \"You may have a relative who you don’t trust for some reason. You may not want to be alone with this person. Whatever the reason, always bring along a witness if you are forced to interact with the person. Safety is always a paramount concern.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Seek professional help to manage your emotions and thoughts.\", \"描述\": \"If you are struggling with the turmoil of dealing with this person, you may benefit from talking to a counselor. Psychologists, licensed professional counselors, and psychiatrists are good options, and you probably have a few of these professionals in your area.\\nFind a psychologist using the American Psychological Association's locator.\\nFind a psychiatrist using the American Psychiatric Association's website.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seek legal advice if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"As situations escalate, you might need the help of an attorney. Conflicts vary in severity and there might be times when it is in your best interest to avoid any and all interactions with someone. Law suits, by design, pose one side against the other. Anything you do or say can be detrimental to your case. Your attorney will guide you through the process.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"File a restraining order if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"The person you are trying to avoid may have serious problems. If you feel you are in potential danger, seek a restraining order against the person to restrict contact. If they violate the order, you can call the police to intervene.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You can always make up an excuse to remove yourself from any situation.\\n\", \"Don’t let the situation occupy your every thought. You have more productive things to think about and do.\\n\", \"Move on with your life. Whatever your reason is for avoiding the person, you need to regroup and move past the conflict.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If a restraining order has been placed against you, there will be legal consequences if you violate the order. The law is meant to protect you and others from harm. It is best to respect the authority of the action placed against you and vice-versa.\\n\", \"Let the severity of the conflict drive your responses. If you are in a legally contentious situation where communication is prohibited, then you must practice the utmost control in not saying anything to the person.\\n\", \"The laws designed to control stalking vary from state to state. If you are being stalked you must report your concerns to a person of authority whether that is a parent, teacher, church official, police or attorney.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,150 | How to Avoid People You Don't Like in a Respectful Way | 1. Avoid working on the same team.
You might have to make a request to stop working with them.
When you don’t like someone you work with, you might be forced to interact with them more than you like; however, whenever you have an ability to influence your situation, try to avoid working directly with them. This might be an active choice that you are able to make or a request you may have to put forward to create a better working situation for yourself. When communicating the request, Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak recommends you "Communicate that you can no longer spend time with the person and the reason why [...] speak with respect and kindness. Use I statements when communicating the message."
If you get to choose what projects you work on at work or what groups you are in at school, actively choose an option that doesn’t involve the person you don’t like.
If you are placed on a team with someone you dislike, you might consider respectfully asking your boss to move you to another team. But make sure you keep your focus on your work/productivity, not just on your personal feelings. Try saying something like, “I think I could be much more productive if you would consider placing me on a team with Sam instead. We have already proven to be an effective team when working together.”
2. Limit communication.
Don’t engage in small talk or ask questions about the person’s personal life.
While it is true that socially you aren’t obligated to have long conversations with anyone you don’t want to, sometimes this isn’t the case at work or school. You may be required to interact with people you don’t like in a professional setting.
In cases like these, keep conversations as brief as possible.
To end a conversation gracefully, have an exit line ready. Try saying, “I’ve got a lot of work to do, so I don’t have time to talk right now.”
When possible, choose to correspond via email or over the phone rather than face-to-face.
3. Consider altering your schedule.
Make sure it’s worth rearranging your schedule to avoid the person.
One way to avoid people you don’t like is by being proactive about knowing where that person will be at certain times. Figure out what their schedule is and adjust yours so that you will cross paths as little as possible. Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak suggests that, if you can't completely remove yourself from the situation, you "at least limit your time there"
Before you start rearranging your life to avoid someone, take some time to evaluate what is important to you. If you cherish every last second of sleep in the morning, ask yourself if it's worth sacrificing that time to go in early just to avoid someone annoying. Think about if there is a respectful way you can assertively deal with the person that doesn't require you to alter your entire schedule.
Start coming in to work a little early so you can finish your day a little bit earlier if it will help you avoid them.
Try to find out what classes they are taking and choose different classes.
If the other person is annoying and is giving you trouble, consider bringing it up with a manager.
4. Think about trying some new activities.
This is a good way to branch out and remove yourself respectfully.
If you are encountering someone you don’t like during activities at school, you might want to try some different activities so that you can avoid this person without causing a scene. This is a great way to remove yourself from the situation without making it obvious that you dislike the person.
This may be a good idea if you are already looking to branch out and try other things, but before you stop your activity, you need to consider what you are giving up to avoid this person. Are you willing to sacrifice a hobby or activity you really enjoy? If you start avoiding all the things that you enjoy in life to get away from a temporary discomfort/dislike, you may end up creating a life that is unfulfilling. Carefully consider what is worth giving up just to avoid this person. Consider taking a more assertive approach rather than avoidance.
If you are in the same yoga class and you want to avoid the person, try going to Pilates instead. If you both go to the same trivia night at the local bar, try trivia night at a different spot. If you are both rushing for the same sorority or fraternity, consider joining a different one.
5. Make new friends.
Try adding more people to your social circle to spend time with others.
One reason you keep encountering a person you dislike could be because you hang out with the same people. If this is the case, consider expanding your social circle to include new people so that you at least have an outlet away from the person that you don’t like.
If you are in the same study group, try to expand your social circle and find a new study group to join.
6. Avoid talking to people you don’t like.
Walk away from people you don’t want to be around to limit conversation.
At work you may be forced to interact with people you don’t like, but in your personal life you have much more freedom to choose who you do and do not engage with.
If you notice your nemesis standing by the bar, head towards the patio instead.
Don’t make eye contact with them because this could invite them to approach you and begin a conversation.
It may not always be possible to avoid the person — they may approach you anyway or join a group conversation, and you may want to gracefully remove yourself from the situation. You can chat with the person for a moment and then say, "Well, I hope you enjoy the party! I'm needed by the food table."
7. Dodge family members you don’t get along with.
Avoid family gatherings that you know they will be attending.
Most of us have family members we don’t enjoy being around. If you have a particularly annoying family member, try to avoid them even though it might be a bit complicated.
Try not to answer the phone when they call. If they do catch you on the phone, try getting away respectfully by saying something like, “I wish I had more time to chat, but I have a lot of things to get done at the moment.”
You could try planning a vacation during the holidays. This way, you can spend time with your immediate family while limiting your responsibility to attend other, more stressful gatherings.
Don’t add them on social media. This will give them access to your life and more things to try to talk to you about. Or add them, but manage your privacy settings so they can't see your posts.
Again, you may want to consider whether avoidance is the best strategy. Is it really worth missing out on seeing the rest of your family just to avoid that uncle you don't like? Consider finding an appropriate time (i.e. not during a big family gathering) to address your issues with the person. One uncomfortable conversation may be worth it to save yourself a lifetime of opting out of family gatherings.
8. Avoid nosy neighbors.
Communicating your boundaries can help you be proactive.
Sometimes neighbors are annoying or nosy and they can get on your nerves. If you have a nosy neighbor you want to avoid, try to be proactive about how much access you give them.
Avoid hanging out near the door or talking to someone with the door open.
If your nosy neighbor won’t leave you alone, try asking them respectfully by saying something like, “I am really quite a private person. I would actually prefer it if you could please give me a little more space.”
9. Protect your space.
If you feel the need, you can make a polite comment about wanting more space.
Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak explains, "we can respectfully let someone know we don’t want to spend time with them by telling them the truth from your perspective, not attacking [...] for example, 'I can no longer spend time with you because I don’t agree with your lifestyle choices, or because I leave our interactions feeling upset instead of happy or content.'" If your personal space has been invaded, try to realize that it is only for a very short time in the span of your lifetime. Then edge away, or steer the person away from you by holding their elbow and gently moving them away from you.
Take a step back if you are feeling crowded. Or try to come up with an excuse to step away from the situation for a moment, like that you need to use the restroom or grab something to drink.
You are perfectly entitled to make a request for more space in a polite way. For example: "Thanks for your concern Mr. Close, however, I would feel more comfortable standing further apart."
10. Bring a friend.
Let your friend do all the talking and simply agree with what your friend says.
If possible, bring an easygoing friend along when you know you will have to see this person, especially if you're having a hard time being respectful.
Perhaps you could even talk about your feelings with your friend later to get an idea of how you might better approach the disliked person next time.
11. Consider the source of your annoyance.
Determine what specific thing that really bothers you about the person.
Often, when a person is extremely annoyed by someone else, it has a great deal to do with the person who is annoyed, not the annoying person. Consider a session with a therapist or taking some time on your own to identify what it is that really bothers you about this person. Write it down or state it out loud — is it because they are loud? They choose inappropriate topics of discussion? They stand too close? They are unpredictable? How touchy they are?
Pay attention to the moments when you have no patience for this person. Your stomach may tighten up, and you may start having thoughts that sound like, "I can't believe they... Don't they realize... How can they be so incompetent...."
Once you have identified what you dislike about the person, ask yourself if there is something behind this. For instance, is the trait that annoys you about the person actually a reflection of a personal trait you don't like about yourself? Is it a reminder from the past — something a family member or former partner used to do that now sets you off?
12. Develop patience.
Being patient is a skill that must be developed; it is not something you are born with.
While your instinct may be to avoid someone who bugs you, this is a temporary fix and does nothing for your personal growth. Instead of finding ways to avoid someone you don't like, work on building up your patience and tolerance for minor annoyances. Consider your encounters with the person as a growth exercise in patience and assertiveness.
One way to increase patience is to rethink discomfort. When you find someone irritating, it's often natural to want that person to change or to avoid them, but the real issue is with how your mind is set. When you are around someone you don't like, try thinking to yourself: "This is uncomfortable but not intolerable." Remember that growth is not easy and can be uncomfortable.
13. Work on being assertive.
State what you want and need so other people know.
According to Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak, one of the steps on the journey to being more assertive is to "learn what keeps you from being assertive such as lack of confidence, fear, low self esteem, lack of a belief that you are worthy or valuable, etc." You may be afraid of hurting the other person's feelings, causing drama or a scene, or being uncomfortable, and think that avoiding them is better than facing them head-on. Usually, though, this method causes confusion for the other person, inconveniences you as you try to rearrange your life to avoid them, and never actually addresses the problem. Being assertive doesn't mean being aggressive or mean.
Being assertive means advocating for yourself instead of avoiding the situation and becoming resentful and hanging on to those negative feelings. Assertive communication is respectful, clear, and diplomatic.
For instance, maybe you dislike your uncle because at every family event he brings up something embarrassing you did when you were five. Instead of avoiding him, you could talk to him one-on-one and say, "Could you please stop bringing that up? It's embarrassing and I don't like it."
Being assertive helps you realize your own power and the control you have over your interactions with others.
Tell the truth from your own perspective, without attacking the other person.
Always speak with I-statements when communicating your desire to stay away from people.
14. Make an appropriate exit.
Leaving might be the best course of action to maintain a respectful façade.
If you find yourself in a situation in which you must be around a person you don’t like, try to make a graceful exit to remove yourself from the situation.
You can try giving a regretful excuse such as, “I’d love to stay and chat but I have to go take care of something.” Or you could say, “Unfortunately, I promised myself I would finish this work project tonight. I better be going.”
15. Be polite.
It is an ill reflection on you if you treat someone poorly.
Even if you don’t like someone, it is still important to be polite and considerate to them when you must interact with them.
This doesn’t mean that you have to be over-the-top nice to the person you dislike. Instead, try being very matter-of-fact whenever you are speaking with them. This kind of behavior shouldn’t mislead them into thinking you like them, but it also won’t come across as overly rude.
16. Set boundaries.
Decide how you want to treat others and tell them how you want them to treat you.
You can still easily interact with people you don’t like. But it is important to set up clear boundaries about how your encounters will go.
If you leave it up to the other person to set the boundaries, you might not like the outcome. So take the initiative and make it clear how you want to interact with them.
For instance, be clear about what is and is not okay to talk about, how you would like to be talked to (i.e. names, nicknames, voice level, etc.). You might say, "Sandra, it makes me uncomfortable when you talk about your family like that. Can we stick to other topics from now on?"
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"create_time": "20230517 10:49:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoid working on the same team.\\nYou might have to make a request to stop working with them.\\nWhen you don’t like someone you work with, you might be forced to interact with them more than you like; however, whenever you have an ability to influence your situation, try to avoid working directly with them. This might be an active choice that you are able to make or a request you may have to put forward to create a better working situation for yourself. When communicating the request, Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak recommends you \\\"Communicate that you can no longer spend time with the person and the reason why [...] speak with respect and kindness. Use I statements when communicating the message.\\\"\\nIf you get to choose what projects you work on at work or what groups you are in at school, actively choose an option that doesn’t involve the person you don’t like.\\nIf you are placed on a team with someone you dislike, you might consider respectfully asking your boss to move you to another team. But make sure you keep your focus on your work/productivity, not just on your personal feelings. Try saying something like, “I think I could be much more productive if you would consider placing me on a team with Sam instead. We have already proven to be an effective team when working together.”\\n2. Limit communication.\\nDon’t engage in small talk or ask questions about the person’s personal life.\\nWhile it is true that socially you aren’t obligated to have long conversations with anyone you don’t want to, sometimes this isn’t the case at work or school. You may be required to interact with people you don’t like in a professional setting.\\nIn cases like these, keep conversations as brief as possible.\\nTo end a conversation gracefully, have an exit line ready. Try saying, “I’ve got a lot of work to do, so I don’t have time to talk right now.”\\nWhen possible, choose to correspond via email or over the phone rather than face-to-face.\\n3. Consider altering your schedule.\\nMake sure it’s worth rearranging your schedule to avoid the person.\\nOne way to avoid people you don’t like is by being proactive about knowing where that person will be at certain times. Figure out what their schedule is and adjust yours so that you will cross paths as little as possible. Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak suggests that, if you can't completely remove yourself from the situation, you \\\"at least limit your time there\\\" \\nBefore you start rearranging your life to avoid someone, take some time to evaluate what is important to you. If you cherish every last second of sleep in the morning, ask yourself if it's worth sacrificing that time to go in early just to avoid someone annoying. Think about if there is a respectful way you can assertively deal with the person that doesn't require you to alter your entire schedule.\\nStart coming in to work a little early so you can finish your day a little bit earlier if it will help you avoid them.\\nTry to find out what classes they are taking and choose different classes.\\nIf the other person is annoying and is giving you trouble, consider bringing it up with a manager.\\n4. Think about trying some new activities.\\nThis is a good way to branch out and remove yourself respectfully.\\nIf you are encountering someone you don’t like during activities at school, you might want to try some different activities so that you can avoid this person without causing a scene. This is a great way to remove yourself from the situation without making it obvious that you dislike the person.\\nThis may be a good idea if you are already looking to branch out and try other things, but before you stop your activity, you need to consider what you are giving up to avoid this person. Are you willing to sacrifice a hobby or activity you really enjoy? If you start avoiding all the things that you enjoy in life to get away from a temporary discomfort/dislike, you may end up creating a life that is unfulfilling. Carefully consider what is worth giving up just to avoid this person. Consider taking a more assertive approach rather than avoidance.\\nIf you are in the same yoga class and you want to avoid the person, try going to Pilates instead. If you both go to the same trivia night at the local bar, try trivia night at a different spot. If you are both rushing for the same sorority or fraternity, consider joining a different one.\\n5. Make new friends.\\nTry adding more people to your social circle to spend time with others.\\nOne reason you keep encountering a person you dislike could be because you hang out with the same people. If this is the case, consider expanding your social circle to include new people so that you at least have an outlet away from the person that you don’t like.\\nIf you are in the same study group, try to expand your social circle and find a new study group to join.\\n6. Avoid talking to people you don’t like.\\nWalk away from people you don’t want to be around to limit conversation.\\nAt work you may be forced to interact with people you don’t like, but in your personal life you have much more freedom to choose who you do and do not engage with. \\nIf you notice your nemesis standing by the bar, head towards the patio instead.\\nDon’t make eye contact with them because this could invite them to approach you and begin a conversation.\\nIt may not always be possible to avoid the person — they may approach you anyway or join a group conversation, and you may want to gracefully remove yourself from the situation. You can chat with the person for a moment and then say, \\\"Well, I hope you enjoy the party! I'm needed by the food table.\\\"\\n7. Dodge family members you don’t get along with.\\nAvoid family gatherings that you know they will be attending.\\nMost of us have family members we don’t enjoy being around. If you have a particularly annoying family member, try to avoid them even though it might be a bit complicated.\\nTry not to answer the phone when they call. If they do catch you on the phone, try getting away respectfully by saying something like, “I wish I had more time to chat, but I have a lot of things to get done at the moment.”\\nYou could try planning a vacation during the holidays. This way, you can spend time with your immediate family while limiting your responsibility to attend other, more stressful gatherings.\\nDon’t add them on social media. This will give them access to your life and more things to try to talk to you about. Or add them, but manage your privacy settings so they can't see your posts.\\nAgain, you may want to consider whether avoidance is the best strategy. Is it really worth missing out on seeing the rest of your family just to avoid that uncle you don't like? Consider finding an appropriate time (i.e. not during a big family gathering) to address your issues with the person. One uncomfortable conversation may be worth it to save yourself a lifetime of opting out of family gatherings.\\n8. Avoid nosy neighbors.\\nCommunicating your boundaries can help you be proactive.\\nSometimes neighbors are annoying or nosy and they can get on your nerves. If you have a nosy neighbor you want to avoid, try to be proactive about how much access you give them.\\nAvoid hanging out near the door or talking to someone with the door open.\\nIf your nosy neighbor won’t leave you alone, try asking them respectfully by saying something like, “I am really quite a private person. I would actually prefer it if you could please give me a little more space.”\\n9. Protect your space.\\nIf you feel the need, you can make a polite comment about wanting more space.\\nClinical Psychologist Susan Pazak explains, \\\"we can respectfully let someone know we don’t want to spend time with them by telling them the truth from your perspective, not attacking [...] for example, 'I can no longer spend time with you because I don’t agree with your lifestyle choices, or because I leave our interactions feeling upset instead of happy or content.'\\\" If your personal space has been invaded, try to realize that it is only for a very short time in the span of your lifetime. Then edge away, or steer the person away from you by holding their elbow and gently moving them away from you.\\nTake a step back if you are feeling crowded. Or try to come up with an excuse to step away from the situation for a moment, like that you need to use the restroom or grab something to drink.\\nYou are perfectly entitled to make a request for more space in a polite way. For example: \\\"Thanks for your concern Mr. Close, however, I would feel more comfortable standing further apart.\\\"\\n10. Bring a friend.\\nLet your friend do all the talking and simply agree with what your friend says.\\nIf possible, bring an easygoing friend along when you know you will have to see this person, especially if you're having a hard time being respectful. \\nPerhaps you could even talk about your feelings with your friend later to get an idea of how you might better approach the disliked person next time.\\n11. Consider the source of your annoyance.\\nDetermine what specific thing that really bothers you about the person.\\nOften, when a person is extremely annoyed by someone else, it has a great deal to do with the person who is annoyed, not the annoying person. Consider a session with a therapist or taking some time on your own to identify what it is that really bothers you about this person. Write it down or state it out loud — is it because they are loud? They choose inappropriate topics of discussion? They stand too close? They are unpredictable? How touchy they are? \\nPay attention to the moments when you have no patience for this person. Your stomach may tighten up, and you may start having thoughts that sound like, \\\"I can't believe they... Don't they realize... How can they be so incompetent....\\\"\\nOnce you have identified what you dislike about the person, ask yourself if there is something behind this. For instance, is the trait that annoys you about the person actually a reflection of a personal trait you don't like about yourself? Is it a reminder from the past — something a family member or former partner used to do that now sets you off?\\n12. Develop patience.\\nBeing patient is a skill that must be developed; it is not something you are born with.\\nWhile your instinct may be to avoid someone who bugs you, this is a temporary fix and does nothing for your personal growth. Instead of finding ways to avoid someone you don't like, work on building up your patience and tolerance for minor annoyances. Consider your encounters with the person as a growth exercise in patience and assertiveness.\\nOne way to increase patience is to rethink discomfort. When you find someone irritating, it's often natural to want that person to change or to avoid them, but the real issue is with how your mind is set. When you are around someone you don't like, try thinking to yourself: \\\"This is uncomfortable but not intolerable.\\\" Remember that growth is not easy and can be uncomfortable.\\n13. Work on being assertive.\\nState what you want and need so other people know.\\nAccording to Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak, one of the steps on the journey to being more assertive is to \\\"learn what keeps you from being assertive such as lack of confidence, fear, low self esteem, lack of a belief that you are worthy or valuable, etc.\\\" You may be afraid of hurting the other person's feelings, causing drama or a scene, or being uncomfortable, and think that avoiding them is better than facing them head-on. Usually, though, this method causes confusion for the other person, inconveniences you as you try to rearrange your life to avoid them, and never actually addresses the problem. Being assertive doesn't mean being aggressive or mean.\\nBeing assertive means advocating for yourself instead of avoiding the situation and becoming resentful and hanging on to those negative feelings. Assertive communication is respectful, clear, and diplomatic.\\nFor instance, maybe you dislike your uncle because at every family event he brings up something embarrassing you did when you were five. Instead of avoiding him, you could talk to him one-on-one and say, \\\"Could you please stop bringing that up? It's embarrassing and I don't like it.\\\"\\nBeing assertive helps you realize your own power and the control you have over your interactions with others.\\nTell the truth from your own perspective, without attacking the other person.\\nAlways speak with I-statements when communicating your desire to stay away from people.\\n14. Make an appropriate exit.\\nLeaving might be the best course of action to maintain a respectful façade.\\nIf you find yourself in a situation in which you must be around a person you don’t like, try to make a graceful exit to remove yourself from the situation. \\nYou can try giving a regretful excuse such as, “I’d love to stay and chat but I have to go take care of something.” Or you could say, “Unfortunately, I promised myself I would finish this work project tonight. I better be going.”\\n15. Be polite.\\nIt is an ill reflection on you if you treat someone poorly.\\nEven if you don’t like someone, it is still important to be polite and considerate to them when you must interact with them.\\nThis doesn’t mean that you have to be over-the-top nice to the person you dislike. Instead, try being very matter-of-fact whenever you are speaking with them. This kind of behavior shouldn’t mislead them into thinking you like them, but it also won’t come across as overly rude.\\n16. Set boundaries.\\nDecide how you want to treat others and tell them how you want them to treat you.\\nYou can still easily interact with people you don’t like. But it is important to set up clear boundaries about how your encounters will go.\\nIf you leave it up to the other person to set the boundaries, you might not like the outcome. So take the initiative and make it clear how you want to interact with them.\\nFor instance, be clear about what is and is not okay to talk about, how you would like to be talked to (i.e. names, nicknames, voice level, etc.). You might say, \\\"Sandra, it makes me uncomfortable when you talk about your family like that. Can we stick to other topics from now on?\\\"\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"With all the best intentions in the world, there will probably be at least a few people whom you don't particularly want crossing your path. Whatever the reason, disliking someone is a subjective response and it is always a good idea to do your best to be respectful. Depending on the situation, there are different things to consider — whether it is a professional or social setting, for example — in order to help you determine if you should avoid someone or respectfully confront them. Keeping things respectful avoids drama and shows that even through dislike, you can still maintain dignity.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid working on the same team.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You might have to make a request to stop working with them.\", \"描述\": \"When you don’t like someone you work with, you might be forced to interact with them more than you like; however, whenever you have an ability to influence your situation, try to avoid working directly with them. This might be an active choice that you are able to make or a request you may have to put forward to create a better working situation for yourself. When communicating the request, Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak recommends you \\\"Communicate that you can no longer spend time with the person and the reason why [...] speak with respect and kindness. Use I statements when communicating the message.\\\"\\nIf you get to choose what projects you work on at work or what groups you are in at school, actively choose an option that doesn’t involve the person you don’t like.\\nIf you are placed on a team with someone you dislike, you might consider respectfully asking your boss to move you to another team. But make sure you keep your focus on your work/productivity, not just on your personal feelings. Try saying something like, “I think I could be much more productive if you would consider placing me on a team with Sam instead. We have already proven to be an effective team when working together.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Limit communication.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t engage in small talk or ask questions about the person’s personal life.\", \"描述\": \"While it is true that socially you aren’t obligated to have long conversations with anyone you don’t want to, sometimes this isn’t the case at work or school. You may be required to interact with people you don’t like in a professional setting.\\nIn cases like these, keep conversations as brief as possible.\\nTo end a conversation gracefully, have an exit line ready. Try saying, “I’ve got a lot of work to do, so I don’t have time to talk right now.”\\nWhen possible, choose to correspond via email or over the phone rather than face-to-face.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider altering your schedule.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure it’s worth rearranging your schedule to avoid the person.\", \"描述\": \"One way to avoid people you don’t like is by being proactive about knowing where that person will be at certain times. Figure out what their schedule is and adjust yours so that you will cross paths as little as possible. Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak suggests that, if you can't completely remove yourself from the situation, you \\\"at least limit your time there\\\" \\nBefore you start rearranging your life to avoid someone, take some time to evaluate what is important to you. If you cherish every last second of sleep in the morning, ask yourself if it's worth sacrificing that time to go in early just to avoid someone annoying. Think about if there is a respectful way you can assertively deal with the person that doesn't require you to alter your entire schedule.\\nStart coming in to work a little early so you can finish your day a little bit earlier if it will help you avoid them.\\nTry to find out what classes they are taking and choose different classes.\\nIf the other person is annoying and is giving you trouble, consider bringing it up with a manager.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Think about trying some new activities.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"This is a good way to branch out and remove yourself respectfully.\", \"描述\": \"If you are encountering someone you don’t like during activities at school, you might want to try some different activities so that you can avoid this person without causing a scene. This is a great way to remove yourself from the situation without making it obvious that you dislike the person.\\nThis may be a good idea if you are already looking to branch out and try other things, but before you stop your activity, you need to consider what you are giving up to avoid this person. Are you willing to sacrifice a hobby or activity you really enjoy? If you start avoiding all the things that you enjoy in life to get away from a temporary discomfort/dislike, you may end up creating a life that is unfulfilling. Carefully consider what is worth giving up just to avoid this person. Consider taking a more assertive approach rather than avoidance.\\nIf you are in the same yoga class and you want to avoid the person, try going to Pilates instead. If you both go to the same trivia night at the local bar, try trivia night at a different spot. If you are both rushing for the same sorority or fraternity, consider joining a different one.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make new friends.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try adding more people to your social circle to spend time with others.\", \"描述\": \"One reason you keep encountering a person you dislike could be because you hang out with the same people. If this is the case, consider expanding your social circle to include new people so that you at least have an outlet away from the person that you don’t like.\\nIf you are in the same study group, try to expand your social circle and find a new study group to join.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoid talking to people you don’t like.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Walk away from people you don’t want to be around to limit conversation.\", \"描述\": \"At work you may be forced to interact with people you don’t like, but in your personal life you have much more freedom to choose who you do and do not engage with. \\nIf you notice your nemesis standing by the bar, head towards the patio instead.\\nDon’t make eye contact with them because this could invite them to approach you and begin a conversation.\\nIt may not always be possible to avoid the person — they may approach you anyway or join a group conversation, and you may want to gracefully remove yourself from the situation. You can chat with the person for a moment and then say, \\\"Well, I hope you enjoy the party! I'm needed by the food table.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Dodge family members you don’t get along with.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid family gatherings that you know they will be attending.\", \"描述\": \"Most of us have family members we don’t enjoy being around. If you have a particularly annoying family member, try to avoid them even though it might be a bit complicated.\\nTry not to answer the phone when they call. If they do catch you on the phone, try getting away respectfully by saying something like, “I wish I had more time to chat, but I have a lot of things to get done at the moment.”\\nYou could try planning a vacation during the holidays. This way, you can spend time with your immediate family while limiting your responsibility to attend other, more stressful gatherings.\\nDon’t add them on social media. This will give them access to your life and more things to try to talk to you about. Or add them, but manage your privacy settings so they can't see your posts.\\nAgain, you may want to consider whether avoidance is the best strategy. Is it really worth missing out on seeing the rest of your family just to avoid that uncle you don't like? Consider finding an appropriate time (i.e. not during a big family gathering) to address your issues with the person. One uncomfortable conversation may be worth it to save yourself a lifetime of opting out of family gatherings.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Avoid nosy neighbors.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Communicating your boundaries can help you be proactive.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes neighbors are annoying or nosy and they can get on your nerves. If you have a nosy neighbor you want to avoid, try to be proactive about how much access you give them.\\nAvoid hanging out near the door or talking to someone with the door open.\\nIf your nosy neighbor won’t leave you alone, try asking them respectfully by saying something like, “I am really quite a private person. I would actually prefer it if you could please give me a little more space.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Protect your space.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If you feel the need, you can make a polite comment about wanting more space.\", \"描述\": \"Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak explains, \\\"we can respectfully let someone know we don’t want to spend time with them by telling them the truth from your perspective, not attacking [...] for example, 'I can no longer spend time with you because I don’t agree with your lifestyle choices, or because I leave our interactions feeling upset instead of happy or content.'\\\" If your personal space has been invaded, try to realize that it is only for a very short time in the span of your lifetime. Then edge away, or steer the person away from you by holding their elbow and gently moving them away from you.\\nTake a step back if you are feeling crowded. Or try to come up with an excuse to step away from the situation for a moment, like that you need to use the restroom or grab something to drink.\\nYou are perfectly entitled to make a request for more space in a polite way. For example: \\\"Thanks for your concern Mr. Close, however, I would feel more comfortable standing further apart.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Bring a friend.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Let your friend do all the talking and simply agree with what your friend says.\", \"描述\": \"If possible, bring an easygoing friend along when you know you will have to see this person, especially if you're having a hard time being respectful. \\nPerhaps you could even talk about your feelings with your friend later to get an idea of how you might better approach the disliked person next time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Consider the source of your annoyance.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine what specific thing that really bothers you about the person.\", \"描述\": \"Often, when a person is extremely annoyed by someone else, it has a great deal to do with the person who is annoyed, not the annoying person. Consider a session with a therapist or taking some time on your own to identify what it is that really bothers you about this person. Write it down or state it out loud — is it because they are loud? They choose inappropriate topics of discussion? They stand too close? They are unpredictable? How touchy they are? \\nPay attention to the moments when you have no patience for this person. Your stomach may tighten up, and you may start having thoughts that sound like, \\\"I can't believe they... Don't they realize... How can they be so incompetent....\\\"\\nOnce you have identified what you dislike about the person, ask yourself if there is something behind this. For instance, is the trait that annoys you about the person actually a reflection of a personal trait you don't like about yourself? Is it a reminder from the past — something a family member or former partner used to do that now sets you off?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Develop patience.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Being patient is a skill that must be developed; it is not something you are born with.\", \"描述\": \"While your instinct may be to avoid someone who bugs you, this is a temporary fix and does nothing for your personal growth. Instead of finding ways to avoid someone you don't like, work on building up your patience and tolerance for minor annoyances. Consider your encounters with the person as a growth exercise in patience and assertiveness.\\nOne way to increase patience is to rethink discomfort. When you find someone irritating, it's often natural to want that person to change or to avoid them, but the real issue is with how your mind is set. When you are around someone you don't like, try thinking to yourself: \\\"This is uncomfortable but not intolerable.\\\" Remember that growth is not easy and can be uncomfortable.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Work on being assertive.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"State what you want and need so other people know.\", \"描述\": \"According to Clinical Psychologist Susan Pazak, one of the steps on the journey to being more assertive is to \\\"learn what keeps you from being assertive such as lack of confidence, fear, low self esteem, lack of a belief that you are worthy or valuable, etc.\\\" You may be afraid of hurting the other person's feelings, causing drama or a scene, or being uncomfortable, and think that avoiding them is better than facing them head-on. Usually, though, this method causes confusion for the other person, inconveniences you as you try to rearrange your life to avoid them, and never actually addresses the problem. Being assertive doesn't mean being aggressive or mean.\\nBeing assertive means advocating for yourself instead of avoiding the situation and becoming resentful and hanging on to those negative feelings. Assertive communication is respectful, clear, and diplomatic.\\nFor instance, maybe you dislike your uncle because at every family event he brings up something embarrassing you did when you were five. Instead of avoiding him, you could talk to him one-on-one and say, \\\"Could you please stop bringing that up? It's embarrassing and I don't like it.\\\"\\nBeing assertive helps you realize your own power and the control you have over your interactions with others.\\nTell the truth from your own perspective, without attacking the other person.\\nAlways speak with I-statements when communicating your desire to stay away from people.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Make an appropriate exit.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Leaving might be the best course of action to maintain a respectful façade.\", \"描述\": \"If you find yourself in a situation in which you must be around a person you don’t like, try to make a graceful exit to remove yourself from the situation. \\nYou can try giving a regretful excuse such as, “I’d love to stay and chat but I have to go take care of something.” Or you could say, “Unfortunately, I promised myself I would finish this work project tonight. I better be going.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 15, \"标题\": \"Be polite.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It is an ill reflection on you if you treat someone poorly.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you don’t like someone, it is still important to be polite and considerate to them when you must interact with them.\\nThis doesn’t mean that you have to be over-the-top nice to the person you dislike. Instead, try being very matter-of-fact whenever you are speaking with them. This kind of behavior shouldn’t mislead them into thinking you like them, but it also won’t come across as overly rude.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 16, \"标题\": \"Set boundaries.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide how you want to treat others and tell them how you want them to treat you.\", \"描述\": \"You can still easily interact with people you don’t like. But it is important to set up clear boundaries about how your encounters will go.\\nIf you leave it up to the other person to set the boundaries, you might not like the outcome. So take the initiative and make it clear how you want to interact with them.\\nFor instance, be clear about what is and is not okay to talk about, how you would like to be talked to (i.e. names, nicknames, voice level, etc.). You might say, \\\"Sandra, it makes me uncomfortable when you talk about your family like that. Can we stick to other topics from now on?\\\"\"}]}]}}",
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} | wikihow |
3,151 | How to Avoid People You Don't Want to Talk To | 1. Feeling Comfortable in Your Surroundings
1-1. Keep a positive attitude.
Sometimes you may not want to talk to certain people because you feel uncomfortable in your surroundings. Take a deep breath and tell yourself that you are an enjoyable person to be around. Remind yourself that you are entitled to your boundaries and it’s ok to voice your feelings to feel comfortable.
Focus on what you want and what will make you happy. Then, try and find people that have a similar attitude as you. Instead of trying to avoid people, which is a negative, focus on surrounding yourself with people like you who make you feel comfortable.
Your thoughts contribute to your mood, and even your actions. Smile and take a moment to tell yourself that you are where you are meant to be.
Having a positive attitude will help you to attract other positive people. A smile goes a long way when it comes to disarming nerves and feeling more comfortable in your skin.
1-2. Engage in activities that you enjoy.
You won’t always like, or want to talk to everyone everywhere, but doing activities you enjoy is more likely to surround you with people you are comfortable engaging with.
If you’re in school, join a group or club that interests you. Whether you’re introverted or extroverted, there are plenty of extracurriculars for every type of person. From theatre, to the track team, you can find an activity and a group of people that are like you.
Not only will doing something you like give you confidence and let you get to know people like you, but it will give you a way to stay busy and avoid situations and people you’d rather not be around.
1-3. Focus on enjoying your experiences.
Instead of worrying about other people, and how someone may react to you, focus on enjoying yourself. Know that if someone is being mean to you, or trying to make you feel bad, that it’s always not your problem.
If you’re feeling a little anxious, identifying the source of your anxiety will make those feelings dissipate so that you can enjoy yourself.
Oftentimes people will take out frustration on someone else due to personal insecurities.
Putting your energy into enjoying what you are doing can make it easier to avoid someone. You won’t have time to deal with someone who isn’t helping your experience.
1-4. Enjoy the company of your friends.
Whether you’re in a social setting, at school, or at work, surrounding yourself with people you get along with is a great way feel more comfortable.
If you are often in a situation where you are near rude people or people you don’t want to talk to, enlist your friends to come to your defense.
Tell your friends about the person(s) that bother you. Explain why in a calm manner and ask your friends to provide a barrier if this person approaches you.
2. Dealing With Someone You Don’t Want to Talk To
2-1. Treat everyone with civility.
If you encounter someone you don’t want to talk to because this person is rude, or you two have a history, remember to stay polite. Being courteous and not letting someone’s attitude toward you goad you into retaliating is an effective way to keep any conversation short.
You won’t always be able to completely avoid someone you don’t want to talk to. However, you can minimize your interactions with this person by keeping a polite poker face.
Pause, and take a deep breath. Focus on yourself. Your goal is to end this interaction as quickly as possible.
Politely excuse yourself from the conversation. Instead of acting similarly to this other person. Remain calm and say that you have to meet a friend or have an appointment. Then you can leave the situation.
2-2. Draw your own boundaries.
You don’t always have to express what your boundaries are to someone you wish to avoid, but you should know what you are willing to tolerate. Stand your ground and stick to it.
These can be both mental and physical boundaries. You have a right to your personal space and it’s ok to be clear about what that space means to you.
Whether you’re dealing with a co-worker, schoolmate, or ex, be clear about how and when you are willing to interact with this person. Though it may be difficult, don’t be afraid to be blunt.
If someone has a history of invading your personal space, the next time you have an encounter, simply tell this person to give you more space physically. You can also be upfront at the beginning of conversation that you only have a certain amount of time to talk. Additionally, you can inform someone that you prefer to communicate via email or text.
2-3. Ignore this person.
Chances are that you are not the only person who wishes to avoid a certain person. Pay attention to how others deal with someone you wish to avoid. If you’ve tried more upfront methods that haven’t worked, simply ignore this person. Ask other people how to best deal with ignoring this person.
This is a good option if someone is being unreasonable but their behavior isn’t worth calling out directly.
Sometimes you have a relationship with someone that just isn’t going to work out. This person can be someone you were in a relationship with, or even a coworker. If you have made attempts to create distance that have not worked out, simply ignore this person.
Ignoring someone isn’t always the easiest, especially if this person is insistent, but over time, not giving in can prove effective.
Ignoring someone doesn’t mean ridiculing a person or making mean face or gesture. It simply means you act as if this person isn’t around you. Don’t pretend this person isn’t there in an immature way, however. Sometimes ignoring someone means you have to be the bigger person and excuse yourself from the gathering or area.
3. Avoiding Someone Altogether
3-1. Avoid situations where you might interact with this person.
Sometimes you have to make changes to avoid someone you don’t want to talk to. If you know this person is going to be at a party or gathering, don’t go.
Unless you’re in a situation where you can’t excuse yourself like school or work, you may have to choose not to attend a function to avoid someone.
Tell a close friend that you aren’t going to be attending the event. Be honest with your friend as to why, but don’t be rude.
If you are somewhere and you see someone you want to avoid talking to or interacting with, see if you can move elsewhere. If you’re at a party or bar, you may be able to go to another area and avoid running into this person.
3-2. Ask for help.
If you really don’t want to interact with someone but are having a hard time avoiding this person, ask people for help. You can get help from your friends, parents, your boss, or a counselor.
If you find that you can’t avoid this person because you have class or work with this individual, consider talking to someone who can help like your boss or a counselor.
Calmly explain why you can’t be around this person. Perhaps this individual makes it hard for you to complete your work because you are uncomfortable. Maybe you can’t focus in class because this person won’t leave you alone. Tell an authority figure why you need to be removed from situations where you interact with this person.
3-3. Cut ties with this person.
If you are able to, be upfront and end the relationship. If you have an ex that you don’t want to see or talk to anymore, or someone that might be in your larger friend group, you can simply cut ties with this person.
Establish your boundaries once and don’t apologize. Your health and peace of mind are the most important. Though it may be hard, tell this person that you won’t engage in any sort of contact anymore.
Stick to your convictions. Some people may not easily leave you alone. But if you’ve stated your intentions, your job is done. Don’t engage anymore.
It’s ok to outright say that you don’t want to talk to or see this person again. Sometimes if you are blunt and a little harsh, people will finally get the message. You may feel mean at first, but try and remember, this is better for your personal health.
The next day, if you see them near you just smile. If they try to ask you why you're avoiding them, just lie and say s' 'I'm not avoiding you, if that's how it seems then I'm sorry. I'm not in a mood because something personal happened, I'm sorry.
Tips
You don't need to make eye contact, but be polite and let them know you aren't in the mood.
If someone is mean to you, take a step out (literally) if it is safe to do so for 3 seconds, think about what to do/say, step back in and take the course of action that is the best for you.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Feeling Comfortable in Your Surroundings\\n1-1. Keep a positive attitude.\\nSometimes you may not want to talk to certain people because you feel uncomfortable in your surroundings. Take a deep breath and tell yourself that you are an enjoyable person to be around. Remind yourself that you are entitled to your boundaries and it’s ok to voice your feelings to feel comfortable.\\nFocus on what you want and what will make you happy. Then, try and find people that have a similar attitude as you. Instead of trying to avoid people, which is a negative, focus on surrounding yourself with people like you who make you feel comfortable.\\nYour thoughts contribute to your mood, and even your actions. Smile and take a moment to tell yourself that you are where you are meant to be.\\nHaving a positive attitude will help you to attract other positive people. A smile goes a long way when it comes to disarming nerves and feeling more comfortable in your skin.\\n1-2. Engage in activities that you enjoy.\\nYou won’t always like, or want to talk to everyone everywhere, but doing activities you enjoy is more likely to surround you with people you are comfortable engaging with.\\nIf you’re in school, join a group or club that interests you. Whether you’re introverted or extroverted, there are plenty of extracurriculars for every type of person. From theatre, to the track team, you can find an activity and a group of people that are like you.\\nNot only will doing something you like give you confidence and let you get to know people like you, but it will give you a way to stay busy and avoid situations and people you’d rather not be around.\\n1-3. Focus on enjoying your experiences.\\nInstead of worrying about other people, and how someone may react to you, focus on enjoying yourself. Know that if someone is being mean to you, or trying to make you feel bad, that it’s always not your problem.\\nIf you’re feeling a little anxious, identifying the source of your anxiety will make those feelings dissipate so that you can enjoy yourself.\\nOftentimes people will take out frustration on someone else due to personal insecurities.\\nPutting your energy into enjoying what you are doing can make it easier to avoid someone. You won’t have time to deal with someone who isn’t helping your experience.\\n1-4. Enjoy the company of your friends.\\nWhether you’re in a social setting, at school, or at work, surrounding yourself with people you get along with is a great way feel more comfortable.\\nIf you are often in a situation where you are near rude people or people you don’t want to talk to, enlist your friends to come to your defense.\\nTell your friends about the person(s) that bother you. Explain why in a calm manner and ask your friends to provide a barrier if this person approaches you.\\n2. Dealing With Someone You Don’t Want to Talk To\\n2-1. Treat everyone with civility.\\nIf you encounter someone you don’t want to talk to because this person is rude, or you two have a history, remember to stay polite. Being courteous and not letting someone’s attitude toward you goad you into retaliating is an effective way to keep any conversation short.\\nYou won’t always be able to completely avoid someone you don’t want to talk to. However, you can minimize your interactions with this person by keeping a polite poker face.\\nPause, and take a deep breath. Focus on yourself. Your goal is to end this interaction as quickly as possible.\\nPolitely excuse yourself from the conversation. Instead of acting similarly to this other person. Remain calm and say that you have to meet a friend or have an appointment. Then you can leave the situation.\\n2-2. Draw your own boundaries.\\nYou don’t always have to express what your boundaries are to someone you wish to avoid, but you should know what you are willing to tolerate. Stand your ground and stick to it.\\nThese can be both mental and physical boundaries. You have a right to your personal space and it’s ok to be clear about what that space means to you.\\nWhether you’re dealing with a co-worker, schoolmate, or ex, be clear about how and when you are willing to interact with this person. Though it may be difficult, don’t be afraid to be blunt.\\nIf someone has a history of invading your personal space, the next time you have an encounter, simply tell this person to give you more space physically. You can also be upfront at the beginning of conversation that you only have a certain amount of time to talk. Additionally, you can inform someone that you prefer to communicate via email or text.\\n2-3. Ignore this person.\\nChances are that you are not the only person who wishes to avoid a certain person. Pay attention to how others deal with someone you wish to avoid. If you’ve tried more upfront methods that haven’t worked, simply ignore this person. Ask other people how to best deal with ignoring this person.\\nThis is a good option if someone is being unreasonable but their behavior isn’t worth calling out directly.\\nSometimes you have a relationship with someone that just isn’t going to work out. This person can be someone you were in a relationship with, or even a coworker. If you have made attempts to create distance that have not worked out, simply ignore this person.\\nIgnoring someone isn’t always the easiest, especially if this person is insistent, but over time, not giving in can prove effective.\\nIgnoring someone doesn’t mean ridiculing a person or making mean face or gesture. It simply means you act as if this person isn’t around you. Don’t pretend this person isn’t there in an immature way, however. Sometimes ignoring someone means you have to be the bigger person and excuse yourself from the gathering or area.\\n3. Avoiding Someone Altogether\\n3-1. Avoid situations where you might interact with this person.\\nSometimes you have to make changes to avoid someone you don’t want to talk to. If you know this person is going to be at a party or gathering, don’t go.\\nUnless you’re in a situation where you can’t excuse yourself like school or work, you may have to choose not to attend a function to avoid someone.\\nTell a close friend that you aren’t going to be attending the event. Be honest with your friend as to why, but don’t be rude.\\nIf you are somewhere and you see someone you want to avoid talking to or interacting with, see if you can move elsewhere. If you’re at a party or bar, you may be able to go to another area and avoid running into this person.\\n3-2. Ask for help.\\nIf you really don’t want to interact with someone but are having a hard time avoiding this person, ask people for help. You can get help from your friends, parents, your boss, or a counselor.\\nIf you find that you can’t avoid this person because you have class or work with this individual, consider talking to someone who can help like your boss or a counselor.\\nCalmly explain why you can’t be around this person. Perhaps this individual makes it hard for you to complete your work because you are uncomfortable. Maybe you can’t focus in class because this person won’t leave you alone. Tell an authority figure why you need to be removed from situations where you interact with this person.\\n3-3. Cut ties with this person.\\nIf you are able to, be upfront and end the relationship. If you have an ex that you don’t want to see or talk to anymore, or someone that might be in your larger friend group, you can simply cut ties with this person.\\nEstablish your boundaries once and don’t apologize. Your health and peace of mind are the most important. Though it may be hard, tell this person that you won’t engage in any sort of contact anymore.\\nStick to your convictions. Some people may not easily leave you alone. But if you’ve stated your intentions, your job is done. Don’t engage anymore.\\nIt’s ok to outright say that you don’t want to talk to or see this person again. Sometimes if you are blunt and a little harsh, people will finally get the message. You may feel mean at first, but try and remember, this is better for your personal health.\\nThe next day, if you see them near you just smile. If they try to ask you why you're avoiding them, just lie and say s' 'I'm not avoiding you, if that's how it seems then I'm sorry. I'm not in a mood because something personal happened, I'm sorry.\\nTips\\nYou don't need to make eye contact, but be polite and let them know you aren't in the mood.\\nIf someone is mean to you, take a step out (literally) if it is safe to do so for 3 seconds, think about what to do/say, step back in and take the course of action that is the best for you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Sometimes you encounter people that you wish to avoid. While you can take measures to avoid this person altogether, it’s not always possible to completely avoid talking to someone. There are several options when it comes to avoiding people you don’t want to interact with from surrounding yourself with people you do want to talk to, to avoiding certain situations.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Feeling Comfortable in Your Surroundings\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep a positive attitude.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes you may not want to talk to certain people because you feel uncomfortable in your surroundings. Take a deep breath and tell yourself that you are an enjoyable person to be around. Remind yourself that you are entitled to your boundaries and it’s ok to voice your feelings to feel comfortable.\\nFocus on what you want and what will make you happy. Then, try and find people that have a similar attitude as you. Instead of trying to avoid people, which is a negative, focus on surrounding yourself with people like you who make you feel comfortable.\\nYour thoughts contribute to your mood, and even your actions. Smile and take a moment to tell yourself that you are where you are meant to be.\\nHaving a positive attitude will help you to attract other positive people. A smile goes a long way when it comes to disarming nerves and feeling more comfortable in your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Engage in activities that you enjoy.\", \"描述\": \"You won’t always like, or want to talk to everyone everywhere, but doing activities you enjoy is more likely to surround you with people you are comfortable engaging with.\\nIf you’re in school, join a group or club that interests you. Whether you’re introverted or extroverted, there are plenty of extracurriculars for every type of person. From theatre, to the track team, you can find an activity and a group of people that are like you.\\nNot only will doing something you like give you confidence and let you get to know people like you, but it will give you a way to stay busy and avoid situations and people you’d rather not be around.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focus on enjoying your experiences.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of worrying about other people, and how someone may react to you, focus on enjoying yourself. Know that if someone is being mean to you, or trying to make you feel bad, that it’s always not your problem.\\nIf you’re feeling a little anxious, identifying the source of your anxiety will make those feelings dissipate so that you can enjoy yourself.\\nOftentimes people will take out frustration on someone else due to personal insecurities.\\nPutting your energy into enjoying what you are doing can make it easier to avoid someone. You won’t have time to deal with someone who isn’t helping your experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enjoy the company of your friends.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you’re in a social setting, at school, or at work, surrounding yourself with people you get along with is a great way feel more comfortable.\\nIf you are often in a situation where you are near rude people or people you don’t want to talk to, enlist your friends to come to your defense.\\nTell your friends about the person(s) that bother you. Explain why in a calm manner and ask your friends to provide a barrier if this person approaches you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Dealing With Someone You Don’t Want to Talk To\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Treat everyone with civility.\", \"描述\": \"If you encounter someone you don’t want to talk to because this person is rude, or you two have a history, remember to stay polite. Being courteous and not letting someone’s attitude toward you goad you into retaliating is an effective way to keep any conversation short.\\nYou won’t always be able to completely avoid someone you don’t want to talk to. However, you can minimize your interactions with this person by keeping a polite poker face.\\nPause, and take a deep breath. Focus on yourself. Your goal is to end this interaction as quickly as possible.\\nPolitely excuse yourself from the conversation. Instead of acting similarly to this other person. Remain calm and say that you have to meet a friend or have an appointment. Then you can leave the situation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Draw your own boundaries.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t always have to express what your boundaries are to someone you wish to avoid, but you should know what you are willing to tolerate. Stand your ground and stick to it.\\nThese can be both mental and physical boundaries. You have a right to your personal space and it’s ok to be clear about what that space means to you.\\nWhether you’re dealing with a co-worker, schoolmate, or ex, be clear about how and when you are willing to interact with this person. Though it may be difficult, don’t be afraid to be blunt.\\nIf someone has a history of invading your personal space, the next time you have an encounter, simply tell this person to give you more space physically. You can also be upfront at the beginning of conversation that you only have a certain amount of time to talk. Additionally, you can inform someone that you prefer to communicate via email or text.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ignore this person.\", \"描述\": \"Chances are that you are not the only person who wishes to avoid a certain person. Pay attention to how others deal with someone you wish to avoid. If you’ve tried more upfront methods that haven’t worked, simply ignore this person. Ask other people how to best deal with ignoring this person.\\nThis is a good option if someone is being unreasonable but their behavior isn’t worth calling out directly.\\nSometimes you have a relationship with someone that just isn’t going to work out. This person can be someone you were in a relationship with, or even a coworker. If you have made attempts to create distance that have not worked out, simply ignore this person.\\nIgnoring someone isn’t always the easiest, especially if this person is insistent, but over time, not giving in can prove effective.\\nIgnoring someone doesn’t mean ridiculing a person or making mean face or gesture. It simply means you act as if this person isn’t around you. Don’t pretend this person isn’t there in an immature way, however. Sometimes ignoring someone means you have to be the bigger person and excuse yourself from the gathering or area.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Someone Altogether\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid situations where you might interact with this person.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes you have to make changes to avoid someone you don’t want to talk to. If you know this person is going to be at a party or gathering, don’t go.\\nUnless you’re in a situation where you can’t excuse yourself like school or work, you may have to choose not to attend a function to avoid someone.\\nTell a close friend that you aren’t going to be attending the event. Be honest with your friend as to why, but don’t be rude.\\nIf you are somewhere and you see someone you want to avoid talking to or interacting with, see if you can move elsewhere. If you’re at a party or bar, you may be able to go to another area and avoid running into this person.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask for help.\", \"描述\": \"If you really don’t want to interact with someone but are having a hard time avoiding this person, ask people for help. You can get help from your friends, parents, your boss, or a counselor.\\nIf you find that you can’t avoid this person because you have class or work with this individual, consider talking to someone who can help like your boss or a counselor.\\nCalmly explain why you can’t be around this person. Perhaps this individual makes it hard for you to complete your work because you are uncomfortable. Maybe you can’t focus in class because this person won’t leave you alone. Tell an authority figure why you need to be removed from situations where you interact with this person.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut ties with this person.\", \"描述\": \"If you are able to, be upfront and end the relationship. If you have an ex that you don’t want to see or talk to anymore, or someone that might be in your larger friend group, you can simply cut ties with this person.\\nEstablish your boundaries once and don’t apologize. Your health and peace of mind are the most important. Though it may be hard, tell this person that you won’t engage in any sort of contact anymore.\\nStick to your convictions. Some people may not easily leave you alone. But if you’ve stated your intentions, your job is done. Don’t engage anymore.\\nIt’s ok to outright say that you don’t want to talk to or see this person again. Sometimes if you are blunt and a little harsh, people will finally get the message. You may feel mean at first, but try and remember, this is better for your personal health.\\nThe next day, if you see them near you just smile. If they try to ask you why you're avoiding them, just lie and say s' 'I'm not avoiding you, if that's how it seems then I'm sorry. I'm not in a mood because something personal happened, I'm sorry.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You don't need to make eye contact, but be polite and let them know you aren't in the mood.\\n\", \"If someone is mean to you, take a step out (literally) if it is safe to do so for 3 seconds, think about what to do/say, step back in and take the course of action that is the best for you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,152 | How to Avoid Phone Scams | 1. General Good Practices
1-1. Don't answer unknown callers.
It is recommended to avoid unknown calls and entertain any unknown service provider that tries to sell services to you. Moreover, if you are really inclined towards their services, ensure you perform online research to know reputation of the company.
1-2. Don't get into deal with wired money.
Many scammers ask clients to wire money, it is impossible to reverse cash when using wired money given. If a seller keeps on insisting you to wire transfer for making payments, do not act unless you are sure about the authenticity of the deal.
1-3. Never reply to messages asking you for financial/personal information.
No matter, whether you are receiving messages in the forms of text, email, advertisement, or phone call, you need not to share your financial or personal information with the unknown message senders. This is called “phishing.” Eventually, these crooks try to trick you for stealing sensitive information.
1-4. Don't fall for lottery scams.
These scams involve sending a message about winning a lottery, and all you have to do is pay “custom duties” or another kind of “fee”. You have not won the lottery, and you are giving away your personal information.
1-5. Hang up on robocalls.
Robocalls are illegal if the company calling you has not done business with you in the past month. Do not press any buttons to speak with an operator, or any buttons to be removed from any list. This could result in more robocalls.
A robocaller's phone number rotates because they use a Voice-Over Internet Protocol service overseas. Blocking the phone number does very little to prevent robocalls.
1-6. Get a call blocking app.
These apps are able to block and automatically block the unwanted phone numbers from ever reaching your phone, even if you later switch to a different phone. While not all apps are perfect, they should prevent you from getting most unwanted calls.
Depending on your carrier, you may have to pay for call blocking. You may also have to pay to get more premium features (such as revealing phone numbers of unknown callers).
2. Knowing How to Deal with Scammers on the Phone
2-1. Do not confirm or deny your identity until you know who is calling.
Legitimate calls will indicate who they are and where they are from.
2-2. Decide how to proceed depending on your comfort level after getting the information.
After the caller has identified themselves, you have the option to (A) acknowledge yourself, (B) gather more information about the caller without identifying yourself, or (C) just hang up.
2-3. Check the legitimacy of any agency, organization or company calling you cold by doing a quick online search while on the phone.
Ask for the caller's name and company (including phone number and contact address) and reason for calling you. If this is not provided to you within 10 seconds, hang up. Chances are, it's a scam.
Type the address or phone number into Google. The first result had better be them. If it's a real company, then they will happily give you their contact information. If you can't search while talking at the same time, ask the caller to hold on for a minute for a personal matter, but use the time to check out the company on the internet.
If it doesn't exist, immediately be suspicious. You could also look for feedback about the company or type of call. Government sites aimed at revealing scams may be helpful here too.
You can even be polite. For example, ask them for their phone number, extension, and what this is regarding. Then let them know that you will call them back. If they do give you a phone number never call them back at that number. Use that number to look up the company and use the company's contact number to call them back. The number they give is likely phony.
Real companies want you to call them back. Sales calls are more likely to make a sale if you call them. And banks get a thrill when customers practice real security by calling back on the bank's official support number. If the caller pressures you to stay on the line, then it is a scam.
If you get a “political survey” from a “non-profit”, then confirm by using the IRS's website. Select the type of form (8871, 8872, or 990. If you don't know, just select all three) and enter the organization's name. If the search does not identify the organization, then they are not exempt. Also compare phone numbers. If none of the details match, then it is likely a scam.
2-4. Do not disclose personal information or passwords.
Do not confirm computer usage, ownership of anything in your house or account numbers. Once again, it is nobody's business and the fact callers are asking for this sort of information should immediately alert you to the possibility of a scammer.
If you have identified yourself and greeted the caller but the caller fails to acknowledge this and speak instantly in a conversation, but asks to speak with you, suspect that they are transferring you between sales teams or the like and are not someone who knows you.
2-5. Ask what the caller wants early in the call.
Your time is precious but so is the fact that the more hot air the caller exudes, the more likely it is that they're trying to lull you into buying their stardust. If the information they provide is not specific, then hang up. It's a scam.
2-6. Never use affirmative until you know that the call is legit.
Your affirmation may be recorded and used for fraudulent purchases.
2-7. Record the call.
You will be amazed at the number of cold calls that hang up on you when you ask these basic questions. Ask for basic information, such as who is calling or the address. If the call is disconnected, then it is a scam.
A real company won't hang up on a prospective or existing customer. Remember that.
2-8. Do not go to fake websites following the prompts of cold call.
If you do, chances are that you're downloading a virus, allowing access to your computer or giving away precious personal information that they'll do unspeakable and ruinous things with. Just do not do it!
They do not know anything unless if you were tapped or if they installed rootkits on your computer.
2-9. Be strong and put safety first.
You get all sorts of phone calls. Friends, family, business associates, scams, and fraudulent callers. Just asking basic questions and verifying caller information can easily stop you from making a big mistake. Some of these rules may come off sounding rude. But remember: it's rude for a scammer, telemarketer, and fake non-profit to call you. Real companies won't be offended.
Tips
A real company will happily give you all of their contact information. Entering the phone number into a search engine will identify the company. Calling the company's official support phone number (which is not necessarily the number the caller gave you) will direct you back to the caller or to someone else who can help you with the same issue.
If a cold caller or telemarketer won't give their contact information, then they are not legitimate.
Think twice before answering unknown numbers. You can program some types of phones to only ring with known numbers.
Warnings
Call the local authorities if this is a person who is calling and harassing you. If you fell for a phone scam, notify the Federal Trade Commission immediately, and take action immediately to further protect your information.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. General Good Practices\\n1-1. Don't answer unknown callers.\\nIt is recommended to avoid unknown calls and entertain any unknown service provider that tries to sell services to you. Moreover, if you are really inclined towards their services, ensure you perform online research to know reputation of the company.\\n1-2. Don't get into deal with wired money.\\nMany scammers ask clients to wire money, it is impossible to reverse cash when using wired money given. If a seller keeps on insisting you to wire transfer for making payments, do not act unless you are sure about the authenticity of the deal.\\n1-3. Never reply to messages asking you for financial/personal information.\\nNo matter, whether you are receiving messages in the forms of text, email, advertisement, or phone call, you need not to share your financial or personal information with the unknown message senders. This is called “phishing.” Eventually, these crooks try to trick you for stealing sensitive information.\\n1-4. Don't fall for lottery scams.\\nThese scams involve sending a message about winning a lottery, and all you have to do is pay “custom duties” or another kind of “fee”. You have not won the lottery, and you are giving away your personal information.\\n1-5. Hang up on robocalls.\\nRobocalls are illegal if the company calling you has not done business with you in the past month. Do not press any buttons to speak with an operator, or any buttons to be removed from any list. This could result in more robocalls.\\nA robocaller's phone number rotates because they use a Voice-Over Internet Protocol service overseas. Blocking the phone number does very little to prevent robocalls.\\n1-6. Get a call blocking app.\\nThese apps are able to block and automatically block the unwanted phone numbers from ever reaching your phone, even if you later switch to a different phone. While not all apps are perfect, they should prevent you from getting most unwanted calls.\\nDepending on your carrier, you may have to pay for call blocking. You may also have to pay to get more premium features (such as revealing phone numbers of unknown callers).\\n2. Knowing How to Deal with Scammers on the Phone\\n2-1. Do not confirm or deny your identity until you know who is calling.\\nLegitimate calls will indicate who they are and where they are from.\\n2-2. Decide how to proceed depending on your comfort level after getting the information.\\nAfter the caller has identified themselves, you have the option to (A) acknowledge yourself, (B) gather more information about the caller without identifying yourself, or (C) just hang up.\\n2-3. Check the legitimacy of any agency, organization or company calling you cold by doing a quick online search while on the phone.\\nAsk for the caller's name and company (including phone number and contact address) and reason for calling you. If this is not provided to you within 10 seconds, hang up. Chances are, it's a scam.\\nType the address or phone number into Google. The first result had better be them. If it's a real company, then they will happily give you their contact information. If you can't search while talking at the same time, ask the caller to hold on for a minute for a personal matter, but use the time to check out the company on the internet.\\nIf it doesn't exist, immediately be suspicious. You could also look for feedback about the company or type of call. Government sites aimed at revealing scams may be helpful here too.\\nYou can even be polite. For example, ask them for their phone number, extension, and what this is regarding. Then let them know that you will call them back. If they do give you a phone number never call them back at that number. Use that number to look up the company and use the company's contact number to call them back. The number they give is likely phony.\\nReal companies want you to call them back. Sales calls are more likely to make a sale if you call them. And banks get a thrill when customers practice real security by calling back on the bank's official support number. If the caller pressures you to stay on the line, then it is a scam.\\nIf you get a “political survey” from a “non-profit”, then confirm by using the IRS's website. Select the type of form (8871, 8872, or 990. If you don't know, just select all three) and enter the organization's name. If the search does not identify the organization, then they are not exempt. Also compare phone numbers. If none of the details match, then it is likely a scam.\\n2-4. Do not disclose personal information or passwords.\\nDo not confirm computer usage, ownership of anything in your house or account numbers. Once again, it is nobody's business and the fact callers are asking for this sort of information should immediately alert you to the possibility of a scammer.\\nIf you have identified yourself and greeted the caller but the caller fails to acknowledge this and speak instantly in a conversation, but asks to speak with you, suspect that they are transferring you between sales teams or the like and are not someone who knows you.\\n2-5. Ask what the caller wants early in the call.\\nYour time is precious but so is the fact that the more hot air the caller exudes, the more likely it is that they're trying to lull you into buying their stardust. If the information they provide is not specific, then hang up. It's a scam.\\n2-6. Never use affirmative until you know that the call is legit.\\nYour affirmation may be recorded and used for fraudulent purchases.\\n2-7. Record the call.\\nYou will be amazed at the number of cold calls that hang up on you when you ask these basic questions. Ask for basic information, such as who is calling or the address. If the call is disconnected, then it is a scam.\\nA real company won't hang up on a prospective or existing customer. Remember that.\\n2-8. Do not go to fake websites following the prompts of cold call.\\nIf you do, chances are that you're downloading a virus, allowing access to your computer or giving away precious personal information that they'll do unspeakable and ruinous things with. Just do not do it!\\nThey do not know anything unless if you were tapped or if they installed rootkits on your computer.\\n2-9. Be strong and put safety first.\\nYou get all sorts of phone calls. Friends, family, business associates, scams, and fraudulent callers. Just asking basic questions and verifying caller information can easily stop you from making a big mistake. Some of these rules may come off sounding rude. But remember: it's rude for a scammer, telemarketer, and fake non-profit to call you. Real companies won't be offended.\\nTips\\nA real company will happily give you all of their contact information. Entering the phone number into a search engine will identify the company. Calling the company's official support phone number (which is not necessarily the number the caller gave you) will direct you back to the caller or to someone else who can help you with the same issue.\\nIf a cold caller or telemarketer won't give their contact information, then they are not legitimate.\\nThink twice before answering unknown numbers. You can program some types of phones to only ring with known numbers.\\nWarnings\\nCall the local authorities if this is a person who is calling and harassing you. If you fell for a phone scam, notify the Federal Trade Commission immediately, and take action immediately to further protect your information.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are so many online scammers that wait for the right moment to trap you with wrong intentions. These scammers might call you and claim to be from reputed tech support providing companies. They might try to trick you into scams related to wired money, sweepstakes, or other convincing scenarios. Be savvy with any information you give out over the phone, and you'll be in better shape to avoid such a scam.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"General Good Practices\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't answer unknown callers.\", \"描述\": \"It is recommended to avoid unknown calls and entertain any unknown service provider that tries to sell services to you. Moreover, if you are really inclined towards their services, ensure you perform online research to know reputation of the company.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Don't get into deal with wired money.\", \"描述\": \"Many scammers ask clients to wire money, it is impossible to reverse cash when using wired money given. If a seller keeps on insisting you to wire transfer for making payments, do not act unless you are sure about the authenticity of the deal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Never reply to messages asking you for financial/personal information.\", \"描述\": \"No matter, whether you are receiving messages in the forms of text, email, advertisement, or phone call, you need not to share your financial or personal information with the unknown message senders. This is called “phishing.” Eventually, these crooks try to trick you for stealing sensitive information.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't fall for lottery scams.\", \"描述\": \"These scams involve sending a message about winning a lottery, and all you have to do is pay “custom duties” or another kind of “fee”. You have not won the lottery, and you are giving away your personal information.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Hang up on robocalls.\", \"描述\": \"Robocalls are illegal if the company calling you has not done business with you in the past month. Do not press any buttons to speak with an operator, or any buttons to be removed from any list. This could result in more robocalls.\\nA robocaller's phone number rotates because they use a Voice-Over Internet Protocol service overseas. Blocking the phone number does very little to prevent robocalls.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get a call blocking app.\", \"描述\": \"These apps are able to block and automatically block the unwanted phone numbers from ever reaching your phone, even if you later switch to a different phone. While not all apps are perfect, they should prevent you from getting most unwanted calls.\\nDepending on your carrier, you may have to pay for call blocking. You may also have to pay to get more premium features (such as revealing phone numbers of unknown callers).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Knowing How to Deal with Scammers on the Phone\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do not confirm or deny your identity until you know who is calling.\", \"描述\": \"Legitimate calls will indicate who they are and where they are from.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide how to proceed depending on your comfort level after getting the information.\", \"描述\": \"After the caller has identified themselves, you have the option to (A) acknowledge yourself, (B) gather more information about the caller without identifying yourself, or (C) just hang up.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check the legitimacy of any agency, organization or company calling you cold by doing a quick online search while on the phone.\", \"描述\": \"Ask for the caller's name and company (including phone number and contact address) and reason for calling you. If this is not provided to you within 10 seconds, hang up. Chances are, it's a scam.\\nType the address or phone number into Google. The first result had better be them. If it's a real company, then they will happily give you their contact information. If you can't search while talking at the same time, ask the caller to hold on for a minute for a personal matter, but use the time to check out the company on the internet.\\nIf it doesn't exist, immediately be suspicious. You could also look for feedback about the company or type of call. Government sites aimed at revealing scams may be helpful here too.\\nYou can even be polite. For example, ask them for their phone number, extension, and what this is regarding. Then let them know that you will call them back. If they do give you a phone number never call them back at that number. Use that number to look up the company and use the company's contact number to call them back. The number they give is likely phony.\\nReal companies want you to call them back. Sales calls are more likely to make a sale if you call them. And banks get a thrill when customers practice real security by calling back on the bank's official support number. If the caller pressures you to stay on the line, then it is a scam.\\nIf you get a “political survey” from a “non-profit”, then confirm by using the IRS's website. Select the type of form (8871, 8872, or 990. If you don't know, just select all three) and enter the organization's name. If the search does not identify the organization, then they are not exempt. Also compare phone numbers. If none of the details match, then it is likely a scam.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do not disclose personal information or passwords.\", \"描述\": \"Do not confirm computer usage, ownership of anything in your house or account numbers. Once again, it is nobody's business and the fact callers are asking for this sort of information should immediately alert you to the possibility of a scammer.\\nIf you have identified yourself and greeted the caller but the caller fails to acknowledge this and speak instantly in a conversation, but asks to speak with you, suspect that they are transferring you between sales teams or the like and are not someone who knows you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Ask what the caller wants early in the call.\", \"描述\": \"Your time is precious but so is the fact that the more hot air the caller exudes, the more likely it is that they're trying to lull you into buying their stardust. If the information they provide is not specific, then hang up. It's a scam.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Never use affirmative until you know that the call is legit.\", \"描述\": \"Your affirmation may be recorded and used for fraudulent purchases.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Record the call.\", \"描述\": \"You will be amazed at the number of cold calls that hang up on you when you ask these basic questions. Ask for basic information, such as who is calling or the address. If the call is disconnected, then it is a scam.\\nA real company won't hang up on a prospective or existing customer. Remember that.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Do not go to fake websites following the prompts of cold call.\", \"描述\": \"If you do, chances are that you're downloading a virus, allowing access to your computer or giving away precious personal information that they'll do unspeakable and ruinous things with. Just do not do it!\\nThey do not know anything unless if you were tapped or if they installed rootkits on your computer.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Be strong and put safety first.\", \"描述\": \"You get all sorts of phone calls. Friends, family, business associates, scams, and fraudulent callers. Just asking basic questions and verifying caller information can easily stop you from making a big mistake. Some of these rules may come off sounding rude. But remember: it's rude for a scammer, telemarketer, and fake non-profit to call you. Real companies won't be offended.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"A real company will happily give you all of their contact information. Entering the phone number into a search engine will identify the company. Calling the company's official support phone number (which is not necessarily the number the caller gave you) will direct you back to the caller or to someone else who can help you with the same issue.\\n\", \"If a cold caller or telemarketer won't give their contact information, then they are not legitimate.\\n\", \"Think twice before answering unknown numbers. You can program some types of phones to only ring with known numbers.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Call the local authorities if this is a person who is calling and harassing you. If you fell for a phone scam, notify the Federal Trade Commission immediately, and take action immediately to further protect your information.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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3,153 | How to Avoid Phthalates | 1. Avoiding Foods with High Concentrations of Phthalates
1-1. Choose foods that are naturally low in phthalates.
In all the studies that were done on foods, scientists were able to determine a specific list of foods that are low in phthalates. These are foods you should focus on in your diet to help you reduce your exposure to this chemical.
Dairy products like low-fat milk and yogurt have low levels of phthalates as do eggs. Avoid high fat foods such as creams, whole milk, and fatty meats as much as possible.
Among the grain group, pasta, rice and noodles consistently ranked lower in phthalates.
In conventional fruits and vegetables, phthalates levels were very low; however, this is not true for conventional canned fruits, vegetables and pickles. Avoid canned or processed foods.
Bottled water and other canned/bottled beverages were found to have low levels of phthalates.
Although these foods are found to have low levels of phthalates, they are not completely free of them.
1-2. Avoid foods known to be very high in phthalates.
In addition to focusing more on foods that are lower in phthalate levels, it's best to be aware of the foods that have high levels. Stay away from these foods to reduce your overall exposure:
Studies have shown that phthalates were detectable at high levels in beef, poultry and pork. Specifically in poultry, levels were high in the skin. A few studies showed the phthalate level was lower in frozen meat and poultry.
High levels of phthalates were detected in fats like butter, margarine, cooking oils and animal fats (like lard).
Dairy items like heavy cream, ice cream and cheese had high to very high levels of phthalates.
1-3. Avoid packaged foods.
Studies have also shown that phthalates are particularly high in some packaged foods. Try to avoid these foods, especially for children, as you may be surprised at the concentration levels of phthalates.
Studies have shown that children get exposed to the highest concentration of phthalates from common packaged goods. Since these chemicals have serious effects on infants and children, its important to avoid these foods.
Scientist believe that part of the reason packaged foods in particular are so high in phthalates is that these chemicals are already present in the food in addition to the packaging. The phthalates can be transferred from the packaging to the food itself.
Try to avoid packaged and processed foods (like cereals, crackers, and even infant formula). Make your own versions of you and your child's favorite items from scratch at home.
1-4. Choose 100% organic foods.
Since studies have shown that phthalates are unfortunately found in many foods, the best way to avoid this chemical may be by purchasing and eating 100% organic items.
100% organic foods are strictly monitored by the USDA. The farmers and manufactures have to follow a very specific set of guidelines to make sure foods are not exposed to a variety of different pesticides or chemicals — including phthalates.
Since many synthetic pesticides that are sprayed onto fruits and vegetables contain phthalates, make sure to look for produce that's labeled 100% organic.
Also consider purchasing 100% organic dairy and meat products. Phthalates seem to be attracted to fat and are found in high quantities in dairy products and meat products; however, DEHP, a toxic phthalate, has been found in certified organic dairy products. This may be because, even on small farms, milk is collected from cow's udders using plastic tubing.
2. Avoiding Phthalates in Containers and Food Prep
2-1. Use a water filter.
Not surprisingly, phthalates are also found in water. Since we cook with water and regularly drink it, it's important to find a method of removing or reducing the amount of phthalates in water.
Studies have shown that phthalates can be removed from drinking water by filtration with a water filter or filtering system.
A basic water filtration device — like a water pitcher or a twist-on for your faucet — should be able to remove most phthalates from your drinking water.
However, some claim that they cannot remove all phthalates. A nano filtration system, which is more expensive, can remove all phthalates from your drinking water.
2-2. Buy a stainless steel water bottle.
Since phthalates are in high concentrations in plastic bottles, it's important to avoid using plastic bottles when transporting water or other liquids.
Consider looking for BPA-free and phthalate-free reusable water bottles. Many of these water bottles are now made in stainless steel which is a great alternative.
Also, make sure you do not heat up plastic water bottles or put hot liquid into plastic bottles.
Other options include containers made of ceramic, glass, or wood to hold and store food and water instead of plastic.
If you need to buy bottled water, look for one that distinctly says phthalate-free on the label or use your own filtered water.
2-3. Store food in plastic containers that have the 2, 4, or 5 recycling codes on them.
There is a neat little trick to make sure the plastic item you're using is indeed, phthalate-free. Make sure to review the whole package to look for these special codes.
There is a little triangle label on all plastic items. Many times, this is found on the bottom or side of the item. For example, it's typically listed on the bottom of plastic water bottles.
If you see numbers like 3, 6, or 7 listed, this product contains phthalates. Do not purchase this, use this or drink from it.
If the numbers listed are 2, 4, or 5, then you can be certain this plastic container or bottle does not contain any BPA or phthalates.
You may also want to consider using glass or porcelain food storage containers instead. This takes the guesswork out of finding a phthalate-free container.
2-4. Avoid heating or cooking food in plastic.
Phthalates and even BPA that are found in plastic containers or bottles can leach into foods or beverages at higher concentrations when they're heated. Avoid heating up these types of plastics.
Take foods out of plastic containers they come in from the store when you get home. Repackage them into phthalate-free containers or cook them immediately.
Purchase food storage containers that do not contain phthalates or use porcelain containers to store foods.
Do not heat up foods in plastic tupperware or other plastic containers — don't place plastic in the microwave or oven. Take the foods out and put them on a plate to heat up.
Also avoid using plastic wrap to cover and store foods. Use aluminum foil or put foods in a phthalate-free storage container.
3. Avoiding Phthalates in Cosmetics and Household Items
3-1. Read the labels on all items.
Whether you're buying make-up or laundry detergent, it's important to read the labels on these items. You may be able to figure out whether or not they contain phthalates.
Although companies are not required to list phthalates, many companies do promote when they do not use phthalates. Look for wording that says "phthalate-free" on your products.
Also look for wording like "synthetic fragrance" as these are sure to contain phthalates.
3-2. Check out EWG's Skin Deep Database.
Phthalates are very widespread and found in many foods, plastic products, cosmetics and other household items. This can make it difficult to figure out how to avoid them. However, the EWG's Skin Deep Database is a useful resource to help you figure out where these harmful chemicals may be hiding.
This website reviews a variety of chemicals including phthalates and lists what they are, what they're used for, products that contain them and possible side effects from exposure to them.
Take a look at this website to see what products you use or currently own that are listed as containing phthalates.
Also review the list of items that are phthalate free. You can use this to replace products you've previously purchased that did contain this harmful chemical.
3-3. Only purchase items with natural fragrances.
An easy way to avoid phthalates when it comes to scented items, is to choose natural or fragrance-free items. This will help limit your exposure to phthalates.
Look for wording like: "made with only essential oils" or "non-synthetic fragrance." These will not contain phthalates.
Also consider purchasing items that are fragrance-free. Soap bars, hand soap, body wash and lotions can be purchased without any fragrance.
3-4. Be careful with baby bottles.
One of the most important places to avoid phthalates (and BPA as well) are baby bottles, pacifiers, teethers and other plastic items. You do not want your child being exposed to high levels of these harmful chemicals.
Although a law passed in 2009 has banned some types of phthalates from baby products, if you have older toys or products or are getting hand-me-downs, they could still contain some of these chemicals.
Glass bottles are recommended for infants and babies that cannot feed themselves yet.
Also, consider using silicone bottle nipples. The plastic and latex nipples do contain phthalates and shouldn't be used to feed your child.
Read the labels on all other plastic products your child may come into contact with. Look for phthalate and BPA-free.
Tips
Unfortunately, phthalates are found in many, many products and foods. It might seem overwhelming to try to remove all products and items from your home that contain phthalates. Focus on one group of items first and then slowly move onto other items.
Keep up-to-date with emerging research when it comes to harmful chemicals like phthalates and BPA. There are many resources that can help you remove these chemicals from your everyday products and foods.
Wash your hands frequently and remove your shoes when entering your house to avoid tracking dust that may contain these particles.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Foods with High Concentrations of Phthalates\\n1-1. Choose foods that are naturally low in phthalates.\\nIn all the studies that were done on foods, scientists were able to determine a specific list of foods that are low in phthalates. These are foods you should focus on in your diet to help you reduce your exposure to this chemical.\\nDairy products like low-fat milk and yogurt have low levels of phthalates as do eggs. Avoid high fat foods such as creams, whole milk, and fatty meats as much as possible.\\nAmong the grain group, pasta, rice and noodles consistently ranked lower in phthalates.\\nIn conventional fruits and vegetables, phthalates levels were very low; however, this is not true for conventional canned fruits, vegetables and pickles. Avoid canned or processed foods.\\nBottled water and other canned/bottled beverages were found to have low levels of phthalates.\\nAlthough these foods are found to have low levels of phthalates, they are not completely free of them.\\n1-2. Avoid foods known to be very high in phthalates.\\nIn addition to focusing more on foods that are lower in phthalate levels, it's best to be aware of the foods that have high levels. Stay away from these foods to reduce your overall exposure:\\nStudies have shown that phthalates were detectable at high levels in beef, poultry and pork. Specifically in poultry, levels were high in the skin. A few studies showed the phthalate level was lower in frozen meat and poultry.\\nHigh levels of phthalates were detected in fats like butter, margarine, cooking oils and animal fats (like lard).\\nDairy items like heavy cream, ice cream and cheese had high to very high levels of phthalates.\\n1-3. Avoid packaged foods.\\nStudies have also shown that phthalates are particularly high in some packaged foods. Try to avoid these foods, especially for children, as you may be surprised at the concentration levels of phthalates.\\nStudies have shown that children get exposed to the highest concentration of phthalates from common packaged goods. Since these chemicals have serious effects on infants and children, its important to avoid these foods.\\nScientist believe that part of the reason packaged foods in particular are so high in phthalates is that these chemicals are already present in the food in addition to the packaging. The phthalates can be transferred from the packaging to the food itself.\\nTry to avoid packaged and processed foods (like cereals, crackers, and even infant formula). Make your own versions of you and your child's favorite items from scratch at home.\\n1-4. Choose 100% organic foods.\\nSince studies have shown that phthalates are unfortunately found in many foods, the best way to avoid this chemical may be by purchasing and eating 100% organic items.\\n100% organic foods are strictly monitored by the USDA. The farmers and manufactures have to follow a very specific set of guidelines to make sure foods are not exposed to a variety of different pesticides or chemicals — including phthalates.\\nSince many synthetic pesticides that are sprayed onto fruits and vegetables contain phthalates, make sure to look for produce that's labeled 100% organic.\\nAlso consider purchasing 100% organic dairy and meat products. Phthalates seem to be attracted to fat and are found in high quantities in dairy products and meat products; however, DEHP, a toxic phthalate, has been found in certified organic dairy products. This may be because, even on small farms, milk is collected from cow's udders using plastic tubing.\\n2. Avoiding Phthalates in Containers and Food Prep\\n2-1. Use a water filter.\\nNot surprisingly, phthalates are also found in water. Since we cook with water and regularly drink it, it's important to find a method of removing or reducing the amount of phthalates in water.\\nStudies have shown that phthalates can be removed from drinking water by filtration with a water filter or filtering system.\\nA basic water filtration device — like a water pitcher or a twist-on for your faucet — should be able to remove most phthalates from your drinking water.\\nHowever, some claim that they cannot remove all phthalates. A nano filtration system, which is more expensive, can remove all phthalates from your drinking water.\\n2-2. Buy a stainless steel water bottle.\\nSince phthalates are in high concentrations in plastic bottles, it's important to avoid using plastic bottles when transporting water or other liquids.\\nConsider looking for BPA-free and phthalate-free reusable water bottles. Many of these water bottles are now made in stainless steel which is a great alternative.\\nAlso, make sure you do not heat up plastic water bottles or put hot liquid into plastic bottles.\\nOther options include containers made of ceramic, glass, or wood to hold and store food and water instead of plastic.\\nIf you need to buy bottled water, look for one that distinctly says phthalate-free on the label or use your own filtered water.\\n2-3. Store food in plastic containers that have the 2, 4, or 5 recycling codes on them.\\nThere is a neat little trick to make sure the plastic item you're using is indeed, phthalate-free. Make sure to review the whole package to look for these special codes.\\nThere is a little triangle label on all plastic items. Many times, this is found on the bottom or side of the item. For example, it's typically listed on the bottom of plastic water bottles.\\nIf you see numbers like 3, 6, or 7 listed, this product contains phthalates. Do not purchase this, use this or drink from it.\\nIf the numbers listed are 2, 4, or 5, then you can be certain this plastic container or bottle does not contain any BPA or phthalates.\\nYou may also want to consider using glass or porcelain food storage containers instead. This takes the guesswork out of finding a phthalate-free container.\\n2-4. Avoid heating or cooking food in plastic.\\nPhthalates and even BPA that are found in plastic containers or bottles can leach into foods or beverages at higher concentrations when they're heated. Avoid heating up these types of plastics.\\nTake foods out of plastic containers they come in from the store when you get home. Repackage them into phthalate-free containers or cook them immediately.\\nPurchase food storage containers that do not contain phthalates or use porcelain containers to store foods.\\nDo not heat up foods in plastic tupperware or other plastic containers — don't place plastic in the microwave or oven. Take the foods out and put them on a plate to heat up.\\nAlso avoid using plastic wrap to cover and store foods. Use aluminum foil or put foods in a phthalate-free storage container.\\n3. Avoiding Phthalates in Cosmetics and Household Items\\n3-1. Read the labels on all items.\\nWhether you're buying make-up or laundry detergent, it's important to read the labels on these items. You may be able to figure out whether or not they contain phthalates.\\nAlthough companies are not required to list phthalates, many companies do promote when they do not use phthalates. Look for wording that says \\\"phthalate-free\\\" on your products.\\nAlso look for wording like \\\"synthetic fragrance\\\" as these are sure to contain phthalates.\\n3-2. Check out EWG's Skin Deep Database.\\nPhthalates are very widespread and found in many foods, plastic products, cosmetics and other household items. This can make it difficult to figure out how to avoid them. However, the EWG's Skin Deep Database is a useful resource to help you figure out where these harmful chemicals may be hiding.\\nThis website reviews a variety of chemicals including phthalates and lists what they are, what they're used for, products that contain them and possible side effects from exposure to them.\\nTake a look at this website to see what products you use or currently own that are listed as containing phthalates.\\nAlso review the list of items that are phthalate free. You can use this to replace products you've previously purchased that did contain this harmful chemical.\\n3-3. Only purchase items with natural fragrances.\\nAn easy way to avoid phthalates when it comes to scented items, is to choose natural or fragrance-free items. This will help limit your exposure to phthalates.\\nLook for wording like: \\\"made with only essential oils\\\" or \\\"non-synthetic fragrance.\\\" These will not contain phthalates.\\nAlso consider purchasing items that are fragrance-free. Soap bars, hand soap, body wash and lotions can be purchased without any fragrance.\\n3-4. Be careful with baby bottles.\\nOne of the most important places to avoid phthalates (and BPA as well) are baby bottles, pacifiers, teethers and other plastic items. You do not want your child being exposed to high levels of these harmful chemicals.\\nAlthough a law passed in 2009 has banned some types of phthalates from baby products, if you have older toys or products or are getting hand-me-downs, they could still contain some of these chemicals.\\nGlass bottles are recommended for infants and babies that cannot feed themselves yet.\\nAlso, consider using silicone bottle nipples. The plastic and latex nipples do contain phthalates and shouldn't be used to feed your child.\\nRead the labels on all other plastic products your child may come into contact with. Look for phthalate and BPA-free.\\nTips\\nUnfortunately, phthalates are found in many, many products and foods. It might seem overwhelming to try to remove all products and items from your home that contain phthalates. Focus on one group of items first and then slowly move onto other items.\\nKeep up-to-date with emerging research when it comes to harmful chemicals like phthalates and BPA. There are many resources that can help you remove these chemicals from your everyday products and foods.\\nWash your hands frequently and remove your shoes when entering your house to avoid tracking dust that may contain these particles.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Phthalates are a type of chemical (in the same family as BPA) that are used to make plastic items and are also used in many different types of cosmetics and toiletry items. Specifically, a phthalate is any chemical that includes a benzene ring bonded to two carboxylic acid groups via the carbon atom in each group. This chemical can be found in items ranging from plastic food storage containers, perfume, air fresheners, laundry detergent, as a component of pesticides, and even on plastic toys. Some studies have shown that phthalates can cause damage to the liver, kidneys and the reproductive systems of both males and females. The studies specifically show these side effects can affect an unborn baby. Although there is a lot of ongoing research regarding phthalates, it's a good idea to be aware of where they are and how to reduce your exposure to them.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Foods with High Concentrations of Phthalates\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose foods that are naturally low in phthalates.\", \"描述\": \"In all the studies that were done on foods, scientists were able to determine a specific list of foods that are low in phthalates. These are foods you should focus on in your diet to help you reduce your exposure to this chemical.\\nDairy products like low-fat milk and yogurt have low levels of phthalates as do eggs. Avoid high fat foods such as creams, whole milk, and fatty meats as much as possible.\\nAmong the grain group, pasta, rice and noodles consistently ranked lower in phthalates.\\nIn conventional fruits and vegetables, phthalates levels were very low; however, this is not true for conventional canned fruits, vegetables and pickles. Avoid canned or processed foods.\\nBottled water and other canned/bottled beverages were found to have low levels of phthalates.\\nAlthough these foods are found to have low levels of phthalates, they are not completely free of them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid foods known to be very high in phthalates.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to focusing more on foods that are lower in phthalate levels, it's best to be aware of the foods that have high levels. Stay away from these foods to reduce your overall exposure:\\nStudies have shown that phthalates were detectable at high levels in beef, poultry and pork. Specifically in poultry, levels were high in the skin. A few studies showed the phthalate level was lower in frozen meat and poultry.\\nHigh levels of phthalates were detected in fats like butter, margarine, cooking oils and animal fats (like lard).\\nDairy items like heavy cream, ice cream and cheese had high to very high levels of phthalates.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid packaged foods.\", \"描述\": \"Studies have also shown that phthalates are particularly high in some packaged foods. Try to avoid these foods, especially for children, as you may be surprised at the concentration levels of phthalates.\\nStudies have shown that children get exposed to the highest concentration of phthalates from common packaged goods. Since these chemicals have serious effects on infants and children, its important to avoid these foods.\\nScientist believe that part of the reason packaged foods in particular are so high in phthalates is that these chemicals are already present in the food in addition to the packaging. The phthalates can be transferred from the packaging to the food itself.\\nTry to avoid packaged and processed foods (like cereals, crackers, and even infant formula). Make your own versions of you and your child's favorite items from scratch at home.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose 100% organic foods.\", \"描述\": \"Since studies have shown that phthalates are unfortunately found in many foods, the best way to avoid this chemical may be by purchasing and eating 100% organic items.\\n100% organic foods are strictly monitored by the USDA. The farmers and manufactures have to follow a very specific set of guidelines to make sure foods are not exposed to a variety of different pesticides or chemicals — including phthalates.\\nSince many synthetic pesticides that are sprayed onto fruits and vegetables contain phthalates, make sure to look for produce that's labeled 100% organic.\\nAlso consider purchasing 100% organic dairy and meat products. Phthalates seem to be attracted to fat and are found in high quantities in dairy products and meat products; however, DEHP, a toxic phthalate, has been found in certified organic dairy products. This may be because, even on small farms, milk is collected from cow's udders using plastic tubing.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Phthalates in Containers and Food Prep\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a water filter.\", \"描述\": \"Not surprisingly, phthalates are also found in water. Since we cook with water and regularly drink it, it's important to find a method of removing or reducing the amount of phthalates in water.\\nStudies have shown that phthalates can be removed from drinking water by filtration with a water filter or filtering system.\\nA basic water filtration device — like a water pitcher or a twist-on for your faucet — should be able to remove most phthalates from your drinking water.\\nHowever, some claim that they cannot remove all phthalates. A nano filtration system, which is more expensive, can remove all phthalates from your drinking water.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Buy a stainless steel water bottle.\", \"描述\": \"Since phthalates are in high concentrations in plastic bottles, it's important to avoid using plastic bottles when transporting water or other liquids.\\nConsider looking for BPA-free and phthalate-free reusable water bottles. Many of these water bottles are now made in stainless steel which is a great alternative.\\nAlso, make sure you do not heat up plastic water bottles or put hot liquid into plastic bottles.\\nOther options include containers made of ceramic, glass, or wood to hold and store food and water instead of plastic.\\nIf you need to buy bottled water, look for one that distinctly says phthalate-free on the label or use your own filtered water.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Store food in plastic containers that have the 2, 4, or 5 recycling codes on them.\", \"描述\": \"There is a neat little trick to make sure the plastic item you're using is indeed, phthalate-free. Make sure to review the whole package to look for these special codes.\\nThere is a little triangle label on all plastic items. Many times, this is found on the bottom or side of the item. For example, it's typically listed on the bottom of plastic water bottles.\\nIf you see numbers like 3, 6, or 7 listed, this product contains phthalates. Do not purchase this, use this or drink from it.\\nIf the numbers listed are 2, 4, or 5, then you can be certain this plastic container or bottle does not contain any BPA or phthalates.\\nYou may also want to consider using glass or porcelain food storage containers instead. This takes the guesswork out of finding a phthalate-free container.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid heating or cooking food in plastic.\", \"描述\": \"Phthalates and even BPA that are found in plastic containers or bottles can leach into foods or beverages at higher concentrations when they're heated. Avoid heating up these types of plastics.\\nTake foods out of plastic containers they come in from the store when you get home. Repackage them into phthalate-free containers or cook them immediately.\\nPurchase food storage containers that do not contain phthalates or use porcelain containers to store foods.\\nDo not heat up foods in plastic tupperware or other plastic containers — don't place plastic in the microwave or oven. Take the foods out and put them on a plate to heat up.\\nAlso avoid using plastic wrap to cover and store foods. Use aluminum foil or put foods in a phthalate-free storage container.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Phthalates in Cosmetics and Household Items\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read the labels on all items.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you're buying make-up or laundry detergent, it's important to read the labels on these items. You may be able to figure out whether or not they contain phthalates.\\nAlthough companies are not required to list phthalates, many companies do promote when they do not use phthalates. Look for wording that says \\\"phthalate-free\\\" on your products.\\nAlso look for wording like \\\"synthetic fragrance\\\" as these are sure to contain phthalates.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check out EWG's Skin Deep Database.\", \"描述\": \"Phthalates are very widespread and found in many foods, plastic products, cosmetics and other household items. This can make it difficult to figure out how to avoid them. However, the EWG's Skin Deep Database is a useful resource to help you figure out where these harmful chemicals may be hiding.\\nThis website reviews a variety of chemicals including phthalates and lists what they are, what they're used for, products that contain them and possible side effects from exposure to them.\\nTake a look at this website to see what products you use or currently own that are listed as containing phthalates.\\nAlso review the list of items that are phthalate free. You can use this to replace products you've previously purchased that did contain this harmful chemical.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Only purchase items with natural fragrances.\", \"描述\": \"An easy way to avoid phthalates when it comes to scented items, is to choose natural or fragrance-free items. This will help limit your exposure to phthalates.\\nLook for wording like: \\\"made with only essential oils\\\" or \\\"non-synthetic fragrance.\\\" These will not contain phthalates.\\nAlso consider purchasing items that are fragrance-free. Soap bars, hand soap, body wash and lotions can be purchased without any fragrance.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be careful with baby bottles.\", \"描述\": \"One of the most important places to avoid phthalates (and BPA as well) are baby bottles, pacifiers, teethers and other plastic items. You do not want your child being exposed to high levels of these harmful chemicals.\\nAlthough a law passed in 2009 has banned some types of phthalates from baby products, if you have older toys or products or are getting hand-me-downs, they could still contain some of these chemicals.\\nGlass bottles are recommended for infants and babies that cannot feed themselves yet.\\nAlso, consider using silicone bottle nipples. The plastic and latex nipples do contain phthalates and shouldn't be used to feed your child.\\nRead the labels on all other plastic products your child may come into contact with. Look for phthalate and BPA-free.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Unfortunately, phthalates are found in many, many products and foods. It might seem overwhelming to try to remove all products and items from your home that contain phthalates. Focus on one group of items first and then slowly move onto other items.\\n\", \"Keep up-to-date with emerging research when it comes to harmful chemicals like phthalates and BPA. There are many resources that can help you remove these chemicals from your everyday products and foods.\\n\", \"Wash your hands frequently and remove your shoes when entering your house to avoid tracking dust that may contain these particles.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,154 | How to Avoid Physical Education Class | 1. Avoiding Physical Education Class
1-1. Have your parents write a note.
When trying to get out of your physical education class, you might try asking your parents to write an excuse. Schools and physical education teachers will often accept parent's notes as valid excuses. Try asking your parents to help you skip the occasional gym class by getting them to write you a note.
You might have your parents write a note saying that you are sick and unable to participate.
Your parent might write a note saying that you sprained an ankle or wrist and need time to heal.
1-2. Pretend you've twisted your ankle.
A classic method you can use to get out of a physical education class is to pretend your ankle was injured. You wouldn't be required to participate if your ankle were actually injured. For this reason, successfully faking an ankle injury can get you out of a physical education class.
You might try limping when you walk to help make the injury look real.
Don't get caught running or jumping as this will make it clear that you aren't injured.
1-3. Say you've got a migraine.
Headaches and migraines are often very painful, preventing you from engaging in physical activity. Normally, you would avoid the exertion that physical education classes demand, waiting for your headache to pass. Faking a headache can get you the same break and let you skip a class due to your “migraine”.
Rubbing your forehead with your palm can help express the idea that your head hurts.
Don't move around too much while you are having your “headache”.
Remember to make your face look as if you were actually having a headache. You don't want to overact though.
1-4. Forget your clothes or equipment.
Often times you will be required to wear athletic clothes or shoes in order to participate in your class's activities. If you forget your clothes or equipment, you might not be allowed to play. Conveniently “forgetting” your clothes can be a simple way to get out of a physical education class.
This excuse may not always work, depending on the instructor and the class activity. Some schools supply spare clothes for physical education classes, so use this excuse only if you are sure that your school doesn't do this.
Swimming classes are the most likely activity where this tactic will work.
1-5. Don't use excuses too often.
The more often you use excuses, the less likely they are to work. You may also fail your physical education course if you miss too many classes. Only skip gym class once in a while to avoid hurting your grades and to keep your excuses effective.
Keep an eye on your grades. Don't skip physical education classes if it will cause you to fail.
Using the same excuses every gym class will cause your instructor to question if you really are unable to participate.
2. Coping With Physical Education Class Anxieties
2-1. Change your clothes without worry.
Many people feel uncomfortable changing their clothes in the locker room. Feelings of embarrassment, judgment, or anxiety can arise when faced with changing in the locker room. If you feel nervous about changing before gym class, you might try some of these tips to help maintain a feeling of privacy and comfort:
Try changing in a bathroom stall.
You can try wearing your shorts and t-shirt underneath your regular clothes.
Wear athletic clothes as part of your normal style.
For swimming class, wrap a towel around your waist and change into your trunks underneath it.
Wear a cotton tank top under your clothing, and leave it on under your PE clothes for more coverage.
Some women put a sports bra on over their under-wire bra. The under-wire bra can then be taken off while wearing the sports bra.
2-2. Survive getting picked last.
Team selection can be a real source of dread for anyone in a gym class. No one likes being the last person picked to join a group. Being picked last often results in feelings of lowered self-esteem or self-worth. However, it's important to keep things in perspective and stay positive, even though you may still feel hurt.
Avoid getting angry or feeling resentful. Bad attitudes will only push people away and increase your negative feelings.
Connecting with a friend or your teammates can help you feel better about the initial rejection. Don't let getting picked last cause you to reject those around you.
2-3. Manage a period.
It may happen that you have your period during a gym class. This can make many people feel self-conscious and want to skip class. However, you can still participate during your physical education class and make it less stressful for you. Try using some of these tips to help you feel more comfortable:
Use the stall to change any pads or tampons before class starts.
You may need to re-check after class as well.
If you have to shower or swim during gym class, you might consider using tampons.
3. Making the Most of Your P.E. Class
3-1. Dress for class.
If you have to go to your physical education class, dressing for it properly can help make it more comfortable. If you wear your regular clothes, such as jeans or a sweatshirt, you might feel too warm or be unable to move well. Always pack some proper exercise clothes if you know that you must take a physical education class.
Bringing a t-shirt can be a good idea.
Wearing shorts or athletic pants can help you to stay cool and move freely.
Make sure you have some sneakers or athletic shoes that you can wear.
3-2. Stick with your friends.
If you have friends in your physical education class, sticking with them can help make the class less uncomfortable. You can talk with your friend while you are doing the class activities to help pass the time and keep your mind off the class. Try teaming up with or staying near your friends during physical education classes to help the class go smoothly.
Whenever you have to join a team, join one with your friend.
Any team activity can be done with a friend.
Try to stay near your friend during larger group activities such as basketball or kickball.
3-3. Know that it's actually good for you.
Even though you may not enjoy your physical education class, focusing on the positive aspects of it can help. Exercise has many positive effects on both your physical and mental health. If you start to feel uncomfortable during a physical education class, try reminding yourself that you are getting these benefits from it:
3-4. Check the minimum requirements.
At some point, physical education classes may be optional. Each school will have its own requirements when it comes to how many physical education classes you need in order to graduate. Ask your guidance counselor for more information, allowing you to learn if you need to take physical education in the first place.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Physical Education Class\\n1-1. Have your parents write a note.\\nWhen trying to get out of your physical education class, you might try asking your parents to write an excuse. Schools and physical education teachers will often accept parent's notes as valid excuses. Try asking your parents to help you skip the occasional gym class by getting them to write you a note.\\nYou might have your parents write a note saying that you are sick and unable to participate.\\nYour parent might write a note saying that you sprained an ankle or wrist and need time to heal.\\n1-2. Pretend you've twisted your ankle.\\nA classic method you can use to get out of a physical education class is to pretend your ankle was injured. You wouldn't be required to participate if your ankle were actually injured. For this reason, successfully faking an ankle injury can get you out of a physical education class.\\nYou might try limping when you walk to help make the injury look real.\\nDon't get caught running or jumping as this will make it clear that you aren't injured.\\n1-3. Say you've got a migraine.\\nHeadaches and migraines are often very painful, preventing you from engaging in physical activity. Normally, you would avoid the exertion that physical education classes demand, waiting for your headache to pass. Faking a headache can get you the same break and let you skip a class due to your “migraine”. \\nRubbing your forehead with your palm can help express the idea that your head hurts.\\nDon't move around too much while you are having your “headache”.\\nRemember to make your face look as if you were actually having a headache. You don't want to overact though.\\n1-4. Forget your clothes or equipment.\\nOften times you will be required to wear athletic clothes or shoes in order to participate in your class's activities. If you forget your clothes or equipment, you might not be allowed to play. Conveniently “forgetting” your clothes can be a simple way to get out of a physical education class.\\nThis excuse may not always work, depending on the instructor and the class activity. Some schools supply spare clothes for physical education classes, so use this excuse only if you are sure that your school doesn't do this.\\nSwimming classes are the most likely activity where this tactic will work.\\n1-5. Don't use excuses too often.\\nThe more often you use excuses, the less likely they are to work. You may also fail your physical education course if you miss too many classes. Only skip gym class once in a while to avoid hurting your grades and to keep your excuses effective.\\nKeep an eye on your grades. Don't skip physical education classes if it will cause you to fail.\\nUsing the same excuses every gym class will cause your instructor to question if you really are unable to participate.\\n2. Coping With Physical Education Class Anxieties\\n2-1. Change your clothes without worry.\\nMany people feel uncomfortable changing their clothes in the locker room. Feelings of embarrassment, judgment, or anxiety can arise when faced with changing in the locker room. If you feel nervous about changing before gym class, you might try some of these tips to help maintain a feeling of privacy and comfort:\\nTry changing in a bathroom stall.\\nYou can try wearing your shorts and t-shirt underneath your regular clothes.\\nWear athletic clothes as part of your normal style.\\nFor swimming class, wrap a towel around your waist and change into your trunks underneath it.\\nWear a cotton tank top under your clothing, and leave it on under your PE clothes for more coverage.\\nSome women put a sports bra on over their under-wire bra. The under-wire bra can then be taken off while wearing the sports bra.\\n2-2. Survive getting picked last.\\nTeam selection can be a real source of dread for anyone in a gym class. No one likes being the last person picked to join a group. Being picked last often results in feelings of lowered self-esteem or self-worth. However, it's important to keep things in perspective and stay positive, even though you may still feel hurt.\\nAvoid getting angry or feeling resentful. Bad attitudes will only push people away and increase your negative feelings.\\nConnecting with a friend or your teammates can help you feel better about the initial rejection. Don't let getting picked last cause you to reject those around you.\\n2-3. Manage a period.\\nIt may happen that you have your period during a gym class. This can make many people feel self-conscious and want to skip class. However, you can still participate during your physical education class and make it less stressful for you. Try using some of these tips to help you feel more comfortable:\\nUse the stall to change any pads or tampons before class starts.\\nYou may need to re-check after class as well.\\nIf you have to shower or swim during gym class, you might consider using tampons.\\n3. Making the Most of Your P.E. Class\\n3-1. Dress for class.\\nIf you have to go to your physical education class, dressing for it properly can help make it more comfortable. If you wear your regular clothes, such as jeans or a sweatshirt, you might feel too warm or be unable to move well. Always pack some proper exercise clothes if you know that you must take a physical education class.\\nBringing a t-shirt can be a good idea.\\nWearing shorts or athletic pants can help you to stay cool and move freely.\\nMake sure you have some sneakers or athletic shoes that you can wear.\\n3-2. Stick with your friends.\\nIf you have friends in your physical education class, sticking with them can help make the class less uncomfortable. You can talk with your friend while you are doing the class activities to help pass the time and keep your mind off the class. Try teaming up with or staying near your friends during physical education classes to help the class go smoothly.\\nWhenever you have to join a team, join one with your friend.\\nAny team activity can be done with a friend.\\nTry to stay near your friend during larger group activities such as basketball or kickball.\\n3-3. Know that it's actually good for you.\\nEven though you may not enjoy your physical education class, focusing on the positive aspects of it can help. Exercise has many positive effects on both your physical and mental health. If you start to feel uncomfortable during a physical education class, try reminding yourself that you are getting these benefits from it:\\n3-4. Check the minimum requirements.\\nAt some point, physical education classes may be optional. Each school will have its own requirements when it comes to how many physical education classes you need in order to graduate. Ask your guidance counselor for more information, allowing you to learn if you need to take physical education in the first place.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When it comes to favorite classes at school, physical education class may be people's least favorite. Physical education class is also often a required class that needs to be taken in order to graduate. However, you may still be able to find ways that you can use to avoid taking it or avoid a few classes. By learning a few methods you can use to avoid physical education class, you can help feel a bit better about it.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Physical Education Class\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have your parents write a note.\", \"描述\": \"When trying to get out of your physical education class, you might try asking your parents to write an excuse. Schools and physical education teachers will often accept parent's notes as valid excuses. Try asking your parents to help you skip the occasional gym class by getting them to write you a note.\\nYou might have your parents write a note saying that you are sick and unable to participate.\\nYour parent might write a note saying that you sprained an ankle or wrist and need time to heal.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pretend you've twisted your ankle.\", \"描述\": \"A classic method you can use to get out of a physical education class is to pretend your ankle was injured. You wouldn't be required to participate if your ankle were actually injured. For this reason, successfully faking an ankle injury can get you out of a physical education class.\\nYou might try limping when you walk to help make the injury look real.\\nDon't get caught running or jumping as this will make it clear that you aren't injured.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Say you've got a migraine.\", \"描述\": \"Headaches and migraines are often very painful, preventing you from engaging in physical activity. Normally, you would avoid the exertion that physical education classes demand, waiting for your headache to pass. Faking a headache can get you the same break and let you skip a class due to your “migraine”. \\nRubbing your forehead with your palm can help express the idea that your head hurts.\\nDon't move around too much while you are having your “headache”.\\nRemember to make your face look as if you were actually having a headache. You don't want to overact though.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Forget your clothes or equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Often times you will be required to wear athletic clothes or shoes in order to participate in your class's activities. If you forget your clothes or equipment, you might not be allowed to play. Conveniently “forgetting” your clothes can be a simple way to get out of a physical education class.\\nThis excuse may not always work, depending on the instructor and the class activity. Some schools supply spare clothes for physical education classes, so use this excuse only if you are sure that your school doesn't do this.\\nSwimming classes are the most likely activity where this tactic will work.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Don't use excuses too often.\", \"描述\": \"The more often you use excuses, the less likely they are to work. You may also fail your physical education course if you miss too many classes. Only skip gym class once in a while to avoid hurting your grades and to keep your excuses effective.\\nKeep an eye on your grades. Don't skip physical education classes if it will cause you to fail.\\nUsing the same excuses every gym class will cause your instructor to question if you really are unable to participate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Coping With Physical Education Class Anxieties\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Change your clothes without worry.\", \"描述\": \"Many people feel uncomfortable changing their clothes in the locker room. Feelings of embarrassment, judgment, or anxiety can arise when faced with changing in the locker room. If you feel nervous about changing before gym class, you might try some of these tips to help maintain a feeling of privacy and comfort:\\nTry changing in a bathroom stall.\\nYou can try wearing your shorts and t-shirt underneath your regular clothes.\\nWear athletic clothes as part of your normal style.\\nFor swimming class, wrap a towel around your waist and change into your trunks underneath it.\\nWear a cotton tank top under your clothing, and leave it on under your PE clothes for more coverage.\\nSome women put a sports bra on over their under-wire bra. The under-wire bra can then be taken off while wearing the sports bra.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Survive getting picked last.\", \"描述\": \"Team selection can be a real source of dread for anyone in a gym class. No one likes being the last person picked to join a group. Being picked last often results in feelings of lowered self-esteem or self-worth. However, it's important to keep things in perspective and stay positive, even though you may still feel hurt.\\nAvoid getting angry or feeling resentful. Bad attitudes will only push people away and increase your negative feelings.\\nConnecting with a friend or your teammates can help you feel better about the initial rejection. Don't let getting picked last cause you to reject those around you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Manage a period.\", \"描述\": \"It may happen that you have your period during a gym class. This can make many people feel self-conscious and want to skip class. However, you can still participate during your physical education class and make it less stressful for you. Try using some of these tips to help you feel more comfortable:\\nUse the stall to change any pads or tampons before class starts.\\nYou may need to re-check after class as well.\\nIf you have to shower or swim during gym class, you might consider using tampons.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making the Most of Your P.E. Class\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dress for class.\", \"描述\": \"If you have to go to your physical education class, dressing for it properly can help make it more comfortable. If you wear your regular clothes, such as jeans or a sweatshirt, you might feel too warm or be unable to move well. Always pack some proper exercise clothes if you know that you must take a physical education class.\\nBringing a t-shirt can be a good idea.\\nWearing shorts or athletic pants can help you to stay cool and move freely.\\nMake sure you have some sneakers or athletic shoes that you can wear.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stick with your friends.\", \"描述\": \"If you have friends in your physical education class, sticking with them can help make the class less uncomfortable. You can talk with your friend while you are doing the class activities to help pass the time and keep your mind off the class. Try teaming up with or staying near your friends during physical education classes to help the class go smoothly.\\nWhenever you have to join a team, join one with your friend.\\nAny team activity can be done with a friend.\\nTry to stay near your friend during larger group activities such as basketball or kickball.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know that it's actually good for you.\", \"描述\": \"Even though you may not enjoy your physical education class, focusing on the positive aspects of it can help. Exercise has many positive effects on both your physical and mental health. If you start to feel uncomfortable during a physical education class, try reminding yourself that you are getting these benefits from it:\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check the minimum requirements.\", \"描述\": \"At some point, physical education classes may be optional. Each school will have its own requirements when it comes to how many physical education classes you need in order to graduate. Ask your guidance counselor for more information, allowing you to learn if you need to take physical education in the first place.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,155 | How to Avoid Piercing Bumps | 1. Safety Prep
1-1. Get checked for any metal or plastic allergies before getting a piercing.
One possible cause for a piercing bump is an allergic reaction to the piercing material, which causes dermatitis. Visit an allergist and get tested for allergies to common piercing metals like steel, titanium, gold, and tygon. If you have a reaction to any of these, avoid that material when you get your piercing.
If you know you have an allergy to something particular, be sure to inform your piercer about this so they don’t use that material.
It’s also possible to have a reaction to the cleaning solution for your piercing.
1-2. Ask your doctor if piercings are safe with a lowered immune system.
Infections can also cause piercing bumps, and you’re much more prone to infections with a weakened immune system. All kinds of things can suppress your immunity, including diseases like HIV and hepatitis, certain medications, cancer treatments, and an autoimmune disorder. If you have any conditions that cause a weakened immune system, always talk to your doctor first to make sure getting a piercing is safe.
Your doctor might tell you that getting a piercing isn’t a good idea. In this case, listen to them to keep yourself safe.
If you have any diseases that can spread through blood, like HIV or hepatitis, always inform your piercer before your appointment so they can take the right safety precautions.
1-3. Avoid piercings altogether if you’re prone to keloids.
Keloids are overgrowths of scar tissue, meaning that even tiny injuries can cause large bumps on the skin. If you’ve had keloids before, then getting a piercing is not a good idea. You could develop a keloid at the piercing site.
If you still want a piercing, be sure to ask your doctor first. They can explain the risks and tell you if this is a good idea.
You can still wear jewelry if you get keloids. There are no-pierce earrings that just clip onto your skin without any piercing.
2. Piercing Appointment
2-1. Go to a licensed, professional piercer.
These professionals are most likely to follow all the necessary safety and sanitary steps to keep you safe during your piercing. Investigate the piercer you’re considering using and make sure they have all the required state licenses to run a piercing shop. Don’t visit a shop that doesn’t have all of these licenses.
It’s also good to check reviews online. If some past customers have complained that they had a bad experience, it’s best to be safe and find another piercer.
Always avoid home piercings, like letting your friend do it. This is very dangerous and it’s easy to get an infection or make a mistake like this.
2-2. Confirm that the piercing establishment is clean and sanitary.
Even a licensed professional might slip up, so always check that the studio is clean and sanitary before getting your piercing. Some things to look for include:
Visibly clean surfaces like floors, counters, shelves, and sinks.
Clearly labeled and separated piercing materials.
Staff practicing good hygiene, including wearing gloves, washing their hands, and sterilizing chairs after a client sits in them.
Disposal bins for used needles and tools.
Never be shy about leaving the establishment if it doesn’t look clean to you. You might feel rude, but it’s much better than getting an infection.
2-3. Make sure the piercer uses a needle instead of a piercing gun.
The Association of Professional Piercers does not recommend piercing guns. They can cause a lot of damage and are prone to spread infections. Needles are much easier to clean and won’t cause nearly as much tissue damage, so make sure your piercer uses one for your piercing.
Most reputable piercers will use a needle anyway. If someone is using a piercing gun, it could mean they aren’t experienced, and it’s best to find another piercer.
It’s more common to see piercing guns at jewelry stores or other non-professional settings.
2-4. Request a hypoallergenic metal for your piercing.
Even if you don’t have a particular allergy, some materials are more prone to cause irritation than others. The best choices for piercings are surgical stainless steel, titanium, niobium, or gold. Make sure your piercer uses one of these materials for your piercing.
Most reputable piercers only use hypoallergenic materials anyway, but it’s always good to confirm this.
Bad choices for piercings include iron, low-grade steel, and plastic.
3. Proper Aftercare
3-1. Follow all of your piercer’s directions for aftercare.
A reputable piercing studio will give you a list of directions on properly cleaning and caring for your piercing until it heals. Read these instructions and make sure you understand them before leaving, then follow them to help your piercing heal.
Don’t hesitate to ask any questions if you’re not sure about the right aftercare steps. Feel free to call the studio if you have any questions later on.
3-2. Clean your piercing
Wash your hands first to get rid of any bacteria. Then pour some sterile saline cleaning solution or soap and water onto a cotton swab and rub it around your piercing. Rinse the area when you’re done to get rid of any residue. Finish up by gently patting the area dry with a towel.
If you have a mouth piercing, like on your tongue, the best way to clean it is by swishing alcohol-free mouthwash around twice a day.
3-3. Skip antiseptics or creams when cleaning your piecing.
Harsh antiseptics like alcohol or peroxide actually irritate the area and could damage your skin. Antibacterial creams and ointments can attract dirt and prevent oxygen from getting into the wound. This is all bad for the healing process, so skip these options.
3-4. Avoid touching or playing with your piercing.
This might be tempting, but do your best to resist. Touching the piercing could spread bacteria and irritate the area, causing bumps. Unless you’re cleaning the piercing, leave it alone.
If you do have to touch the piercing, be sure to wash your hands first.
3-5. Leave the piercing in unless your doctor or piercer tells you to remove it.
Your piercing could close up if you remove it before it’s healed, meaning you’ll need to get the area pierced again. More trauma could cause a bump, so leave the piercing in unless a professional tells you to take it out.
Even if your piercing gets infected, professionals recommend leaving it in through the healing period except as a last resort.
3-6. See your doctor if you develop an infection.
All piercings could potentially get infected, so keep an eye on yours. The main infection symptoms are increased pain, redness, heat, and pus around the piercing. You might also have a fever. If you see any of these signs, see your doctor right away.
The doctor will probably give you an oral antibiotic to knock out the infection and advise you to keep cleaning the piercing carefully.
Tips
Piercings usually heal within 6 weeks. If yours is taking longer than that, call your doctor to see if something is wrong.[17]
X
Trustworthy Source
Mayo Clinic
Educational website from one of the world's leading hospitals
Go to source
Bumps are more common after piercing cartilage areas, like your upper ear. This is because cartilage heals more slowly than other tissues. Be extra sure to follow all the aftercare instructions for cartilage piercings, or avoid these altogether.
Warnings
If your piercing seems infected, then see your doctor right away.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Safety Prep\\n1-1. Get checked for any metal or plastic allergies before getting a piercing.\\nOne possible cause for a piercing bump is an allergic reaction to the piercing material, which causes dermatitis. Visit an allergist and get tested for allergies to common piercing metals like steel, titanium, gold, and tygon. If you have a reaction to any of these, avoid that material when you get your piercing.\\nIf you know you have an allergy to something particular, be sure to inform your piercer about this so they don’t use that material.\\nIt’s also possible to have a reaction to the cleaning solution for your piercing.\\n1-2. Ask your doctor if piercings are safe with a lowered immune system.\\nInfections can also cause piercing bumps, and you’re much more prone to infections with a weakened immune system. All kinds of things can suppress your immunity, including diseases like HIV and hepatitis, certain medications, cancer treatments, and an autoimmune disorder. If you have any conditions that cause a weakened immune system, always talk to your doctor first to make sure getting a piercing is safe.\\nYour doctor might tell you that getting a piercing isn’t a good idea. In this case, listen to them to keep yourself safe.\\nIf you have any diseases that can spread through blood, like HIV or hepatitis, always inform your piercer before your appointment so they can take the right safety precautions.\\n1-3. Avoid piercings altogether if you’re prone to keloids.\\nKeloids are overgrowths of scar tissue, meaning that even tiny injuries can cause large bumps on the skin. If you’ve had keloids before, then getting a piercing is not a good idea. You could develop a keloid at the piercing site.\\nIf you still want a piercing, be sure to ask your doctor first. They can explain the risks and tell you if this is a good idea.\\nYou can still wear jewelry if you get keloids. There are no-pierce earrings that just clip onto your skin without any piercing.\\n2. Piercing Appointment\\n2-1. Go to a licensed, professional piercer.\\nThese professionals are most likely to follow all the necessary safety and sanitary steps to keep you safe during your piercing. Investigate the piercer you’re considering using and make sure they have all the required state licenses to run a piercing shop. Don’t visit a shop that doesn’t have all of these licenses.\\nIt’s also good to check reviews online. If some past customers have complained that they had a bad experience, it’s best to be safe and find another piercer.\\nAlways avoid home piercings, like letting your friend do it. This is very dangerous and it’s easy to get an infection or make a mistake like this.\\n2-2. Confirm that the piercing establishment is clean and sanitary.\\nEven a licensed professional might slip up, so always check that the studio is clean and sanitary before getting your piercing. Some things to look for include:\\nVisibly clean surfaces like floors, counters, shelves, and sinks.\\nClearly labeled and separated piercing materials.\\nStaff practicing good hygiene, including wearing gloves, washing their hands, and sterilizing chairs after a client sits in them.\\nDisposal bins for used needles and tools.\\nNever be shy about leaving the establishment if it doesn’t look clean to you. You might feel rude, but it’s much better than getting an infection.\\n2-3. Make sure the piercer uses a needle instead of a piercing gun.\\nThe Association of Professional Piercers does not recommend piercing guns. They can cause a lot of damage and are prone to spread infections. Needles are much easier to clean and won’t cause nearly as much tissue damage, so make sure your piercer uses one for your piercing.\\nMost reputable piercers will use a needle anyway. If someone is using a piercing gun, it could mean they aren’t experienced, and it’s best to find another piercer.\\nIt’s more common to see piercing guns at jewelry stores or other non-professional settings.\\n2-4. Request a hypoallergenic metal for your piercing.\\nEven if you don’t have a particular allergy, some materials are more prone to cause irritation than others. The best choices for piercings are surgical stainless steel, titanium, niobium, or gold. Make sure your piercer uses one of these materials for your piercing.\\nMost reputable piercers only use hypoallergenic materials anyway, but it’s always good to confirm this.\\nBad choices for piercings include iron, low-grade steel, and plastic.\\n3. Proper Aftercare\\n3-1. Follow all of your piercer’s directions for aftercare.\\nA reputable piercing studio will give you a list of directions on properly cleaning and caring for your piercing until it heals. Read these instructions and make sure you understand them before leaving, then follow them to help your piercing heal.\\nDon’t hesitate to ask any questions if you’re not sure about the right aftercare steps. Feel free to call the studio if you have any questions later on.\\n3-2. Clean your piercing\\nWash your hands first to get rid of any bacteria. Then pour some sterile saline cleaning solution or soap and water onto a cotton swab and rub it around your piercing. Rinse the area when you’re done to get rid of any residue. Finish up by gently patting the area dry with a towel.\\nIf you have a mouth piercing, like on your tongue, the best way to clean it is by swishing alcohol-free mouthwash around twice a day.\\n3-3. Skip antiseptics or creams when cleaning your piecing.\\nHarsh antiseptics like alcohol or peroxide actually irritate the area and could damage your skin. Antibacterial creams and ointments can attract dirt and prevent oxygen from getting into the wound. This is all bad for the healing process, so skip these options.\\n3-4. Avoid touching or playing with your piercing.\\nThis might be tempting, but do your best to resist. Touching the piercing could spread bacteria and irritate the area, causing bumps. Unless you’re cleaning the piercing, leave it alone.\\nIf you do have to touch the piercing, be sure to wash your hands first.\\n3-5. Leave the piercing in unless your doctor or piercer tells you to remove it.\\nYour piercing could close up if you remove it before it’s healed, meaning you’ll need to get the area pierced again. More trauma could cause a bump, so leave the piercing in unless a professional tells you to take it out.\\nEven if your piercing gets infected, professionals recommend leaving it in through the healing period except as a last resort.\\n3-6. See your doctor if you develop an infection.\\nAll piercings could potentially get infected, so keep an eye on yours. The main infection symptoms are increased pain, redness, heat, and pus around the piercing. You might also have a fever. If you see any of these signs, see your doctor right away.\\nThe doctor will probably give you an oral antibiotic to knock out the infection and advise you to keep cleaning the piercing carefully.\\nTips\\nPiercings usually heal within 6 weeks. If yours is taking longer than that, call your doctor to see if something is wrong.[17]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nMayo Clinic\\nEducational website from one of the world's leading hospitals\\nGo to source\\nBumps are more common after piercing cartilage areas, like your upper ear. This is because cartilage heals more slowly than other tissues. Be extra sure to follow all the aftercare instructions for cartilage piercings, or avoid these altogether.\\nWarnings\\nIf your piercing seems infected, then see your doctor right away.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’ve ever gotten a piercing bump or seen it happen to someone else, then you probably want to do all you can to avoid it. These bumps are usually from irritation near a cartilage piercing, which could be caused by an infection, allergic reaction, or poor piercing technique. Luckily, preventing bumps isn’t hard to do. There is no guarantee that you won’t get a bump, since lots of different things could cause one. However, the right safety and sanitary steps can greatly reduce your risk for any complications from your piercing.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Safety Prep\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get checked for any metal or plastic allergies before getting a piercing.\", \"描述\": \"One possible cause for a piercing bump is an allergic reaction to the piercing material, which causes dermatitis. Visit an allergist and get tested for allergies to common piercing metals like steel, titanium, gold, and tygon. If you have a reaction to any of these, avoid that material when you get your piercing.\\nIf you know you have an allergy to something particular, be sure to inform your piercer about this so they don’t use that material.\\nIt’s also possible to have a reaction to the cleaning solution for your piercing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask your doctor if piercings are safe with a lowered immune system.\", \"描述\": \"Infections can also cause piercing bumps, and you’re much more prone to infections with a weakened immune system. All kinds of things can suppress your immunity, including diseases like HIV and hepatitis, certain medications, cancer treatments, and an autoimmune disorder. If you have any conditions that cause a weakened immune system, always talk to your doctor first to make sure getting a piercing is safe.\\nYour doctor might tell you that getting a piercing isn’t a good idea. In this case, listen to them to keep yourself safe.\\nIf you have any diseases that can spread through blood, like HIV or hepatitis, always inform your piercer before your appointment so they can take the right safety precautions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid piercings altogether if you’re prone to keloids.\", \"描述\": \"Keloids are overgrowths of scar tissue, meaning that even tiny injuries can cause large bumps on the skin. If you’ve had keloids before, then getting a piercing is not a good idea. You could develop a keloid at the piercing site.\\nIf you still want a piercing, be sure to ask your doctor first. They can explain the risks and tell you if this is a good idea.\\nYou can still wear jewelry if you get keloids. There are no-pierce earrings that just clip onto your skin without any piercing.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Piercing Appointment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to a licensed, professional piercer.\", \"描述\": \"These professionals are most likely to follow all the necessary safety and sanitary steps to keep you safe during your piercing. Investigate the piercer you’re considering using and make sure they have all the required state licenses to run a piercing shop. Don’t visit a shop that doesn’t have all of these licenses.\\nIt’s also good to check reviews online. If some past customers have complained that they had a bad experience, it’s best to be safe and find another piercer.\\nAlways avoid home piercings, like letting your friend do it. This is very dangerous and it’s easy to get an infection or make a mistake like this.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Confirm that the piercing establishment is clean and sanitary.\", \"描述\": \"Even a licensed professional might slip up, so always check that the studio is clean and sanitary before getting your piercing. Some things to look for include:\\nVisibly clean surfaces like floors, counters, shelves, and sinks.\\nClearly labeled and separated piercing materials.\\nStaff practicing good hygiene, including wearing gloves, washing their hands, and sterilizing chairs after a client sits in them.\\nDisposal bins for used needles and tools.\\nNever be shy about leaving the establishment if it doesn’t look clean to you. You might feel rude, but it’s much better than getting an infection.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure the piercer uses a needle instead of a piercing gun.\", \"描述\": \"The Association of Professional Piercers does not recommend piercing guns. They can cause a lot of damage and are prone to spread infections. Needles are much easier to clean and won’t cause nearly as much tissue damage, so make sure your piercer uses one for your piercing.\\nMost reputable piercers will use a needle anyway. If someone is using a piercing gun, it could mean they aren’t experienced, and it’s best to find another piercer.\\nIt’s more common to see piercing guns at jewelry stores or other non-professional settings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Request a hypoallergenic metal for your piercing.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you don’t have a particular allergy, some materials are more prone to cause irritation than others. The best choices for piercings are surgical stainless steel, titanium, niobium, or gold. Make sure your piercer uses one of these materials for your piercing.\\nMost reputable piercers only use hypoallergenic materials anyway, but it’s always good to confirm this.\\nBad choices for piercings include iron, low-grade steel, and plastic.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Proper Aftercare\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow all of your piercer’s directions for aftercare.\", \"描述\": \"A reputable piercing studio will give you a list of directions on properly cleaning and caring for your piercing until it heals. Read these instructions and make sure you understand them before leaving, then follow them to help your piercing heal.\\nDon’t hesitate to ask any questions if you’re not sure about the right aftercare steps. Feel free to call the studio if you have any questions later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Clean your piercing\", \"描述\": \"Wash your hands first to get rid of any bacteria. Then pour some sterile saline cleaning solution or soap and water onto a cotton swab and rub it around your piercing. Rinse the area when you’re done to get rid of any residue. Finish up by gently patting the area dry with a towel.\\nIf you have a mouth piercing, like on your tongue, the best way to clean it is by swishing alcohol-free mouthwash around twice a day.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Skip antiseptics or creams when cleaning your piecing.\", \"描述\": \"Harsh antiseptics like alcohol or peroxide actually irritate the area and could damage your skin. Antibacterial creams and ointments can attract dirt and prevent oxygen from getting into the wound. This is all bad for the healing process, so skip these options.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid touching or playing with your piercing.\", \"描述\": \"This might be tempting, but do your best to resist. Touching the piercing could spread bacteria and irritate the area, causing bumps. Unless you’re cleaning the piercing, leave it alone.\\nIf you do have to touch the piercing, be sure to wash your hands first.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Leave the piercing in unless your doctor or piercer tells you to remove it.\", \"描述\": \"Your piercing could close up if you remove it before it’s healed, meaning you’ll need to get the area pierced again. More trauma could cause a bump, so leave the piercing in unless a professional tells you to take it out.\\nEven if your piercing gets infected, professionals recommend leaving it in through the healing period except as a last resort.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"See your doctor if you develop an infection.\", \"描述\": \"All piercings could potentially get infected, so keep an eye on yours. The main infection symptoms are increased pain, redness, heat, and pus around the piercing. You might also have a fever. If you see any of these signs, see your doctor right away.\\nThe doctor will probably give you an oral antibiotic to knock out the infection and advise you to keep cleaning the piercing carefully.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Piercings usually heal within 6 weeks. If yours is taking longer than that, call your doctor to see if something is wrong.[17]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nMayo Clinic\\nEducational website from one of the world's leading hospitals\\nGo to source\\n\", \"Bumps are more common after piercing cartilage areas, like your upper ear. This is because cartilage heals more slowly than other tissues. Be extra sure to follow all the aftercare instructions for cartilage piercings, or avoid these altogether.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If your piercing seems infected, then see your doctor right away.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,156 | How to Avoid Plagiarism | 1. Using a Citation System
1-1. Choose a citation system or find out which one you are required to use.
To properly cite references that you use in your writing, you will have to follow a specific citation style manual. Ask your instructor, publisher, or editor what style you should be using, or select one for your work based on the type of text you are producing. The most popular citation styles include:
MLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is mostly used in texts surrounding literature, languages, and art.
APA (American Psychological Association) style, which is mostly used in texts about social and behavioral sciences.
Chicago style, frequently used in historical writing.
CSE (Council of Science Editors) style, sometimes used in science-based texts.
1-2. Refer to the latest edition of your citation style’s manual to cite sources accurately.
The specific rules of a citation style can be hard to follow at first. Purchase, borrow, or download a digital copy of the most recently-published edition of your chosen style’s manual to avoid errors. Use the manual to accurately cite all the types of sources you use in your work, including:
Books
Specific chapters of a book
Journal articles
Figures
Websites
Manuals
Instructor’s lectures
Online books
Historical documents
Films
1-3. Compile a “works cited” list to include at the end of your writing.
After all of your in-text citations are made and your writing is complete, you should put together a full, detailed list of the sources you’ve used. The format, order, and punctuation of these citations will vary between citation styles. Each style, however, requires you to include crucial information about your references, such as:
The author’s first and last name, or the full names of all contributors to a work with multiple authors
The title of the material cited.
The date of publication, in full or just the year.
The physical or online place of publication.
2. Featuring Citations Properly
2-1. Identify a source and reiterate a part from it verbatim to make an accurate quotation.
Quotations borrow the exact words from an original source to support an idea or argument. When adding a quotation to your text, identify the author and publication clearly and state your intention to use it. Include the quote in quotation marks, without any changes to the text.
For instance, write: "As Smith said in his 1996 book, The Environment and Our Youth:'The habits of young people will dictate hope our planet fares in the future.'"
2-2. Follow direct references and quotations immediately with a citation.
All of the main citation systems require you to attribute ideas to their original source as soon as you feature them in the text. The specific procedure to do this varies between styles but should always be done to avoid plagiarism. Follow the rules of your chosen style to make the in-text citation by including:
The author’s name and page number of the material quoted, in parentheses after you refer to it.
The author’s name and the date that the work was published.
Superscript numbers next to the idea that was paraphrased, summarized, or quoted.
2-3. Change the sentence structure, language, and voice of a text when paraphrasing.
Be vigilant about rewriting ideas taken from a section of source material so that your attempt at paraphrasing isn't actually plagiarism. Paraphrasing should restate the author's message in your voice, putting it into the context of your own text. Be sure to alter:
The way the sentences are constructed in the source text.
The source's vocabulary, by swapping as many words as possible with synonyms.
The tone of the writing so that it is clear that you are writing in your own words.
2-4. Condense source material into a brief explanation to summarize it properly.
To summarize a source text, identify the main ideas communicated in it and describe them efficiently. A summarization should be no more than 1/10 as long as the original text. Include the author, year, and title of the work.
Do not use quotation marks to summarize source material.
2-5. Cite specific ideas in your writing that are based on material you’ve read.
To be safe, credit every source you’ve consulted for your writing, even if it is unclear how much your writing has borrowed from it. This will eliminate the risk of unknowingly plagiarizing someone’s work. It will also show that you are conscious of where you own ideas are coming from, which will strengthen your text.
For example, if you state something like, “environmental studies is arguably the most pressing subject for young students to learn about”, you should cite an article you read about that topic the week before which makes the same argument.
2-6. Source your work as you write it instead of adding citations later.
An organized method of writing with help you avoid errors that might lead to plagiarizing. As you write the first draft of your text, add in-text citations right away so you don’t lose track of the works you’ve cited. Start compiling a “works cited” page right away that you can edit later.
Citing sources right away will remove the stress of having to organize your references at the end of your writing process, which may make it stressful to meet your deadline.
2-7. Read a text carefully so you understand it before using it.
Citing a source does not simply involve re-wording their work but comprehending it thoroughly and explaining it. Take the time to read and re-read your sources if necessary, then to explain their ideas in your own words. Your reference to the text should be placing it in the context of your own writing, not reiterating it as it was originally stated.
3. Creating Original Content
3-1. Don’t allow anyone to write your assignments for you.
It is plagiarism to have someone write a text for you and then pass the writing off as your own. This applies if you pay for writing services, have someone write a text based on your notes or ideas, or have someone write part of a text for you. Write your text completely on your own or cite a friend or colleague as a co-author.
In an academic setting, you will usually have to write your own work without collaborating with other students.
3-2. Get permission to cite material you wrote for other classes or publications.
If you want to refer to a text you wrote in the past for a course or publication, you must first contact the person you submitted the work to. If the instructor or publisher agree that you can use this material in a new assignment, self-cite your work and get a copy of it to submit with your next text. Avoid borrowing too much from past work, which may take away from the integrity of your current text.
Never re-submit or re-purpose a full text for a new writing assignment.
3-3. Do not copy another author’s citations and pass them off as your own.
If you use a reliable source as a reference for your work, you are not entitled to cite the sources they used as if you read them. Citing one author’s work does not mean you are automatically also citing their sources and influences. Comprise your “works cited” list of sources you have read firsthand only.
For example, if you quote a writer who refers to a Freudian concept, do not copy their in-text citation for the Freud publication or include Freud in your “works cited” list.
3-4. Avoid relying on plagiarism-detecting software to write a suitable paper.
Some institutions use plagiarism-detecting software to scan texts when they are submitted, prompting many students and writers to use the same technology as a safeguard. Some software may falsely detect plagiarism or miss it completely, making it unreliable if used alone. Only use this kind of software to second check your work and be vigilant about avoiding plagiarism as you write.
Free and paid plagiarism-check software is available online.
Using this type of software may give writers a false sense of security, making them more prone to plagiarize inadvertently.
3-5. Start your assignments early to give yourself ample time to do research.
Good research takes time, as do strong writing and effective sourcing. Avoid procrastinating on your writing assignments, which will add stress to your projects when the deadlines approach. Give yourself as much time as possible to consult a variety of sources, read them well enough to understand them, and feature them in your work responsibly.
Tips
Always aim to formulate your own arguments and opinions in your assignments rather than relying on someone else. This reduces your risk of plagiarism and leaves you with a more compelling finished project.
Irrefutable facts, such as historical dates, do not need to be cited in your writing.
Try taking notes in your own words as you read your texts. That way, when you reference your notes, you will be able to transcribe your own ideas and add the proper citations, rather than worrying about quotes.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:22",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using a Citation System\\n1-1. Choose a citation system or find out which one you are required to use.\\nTo properly cite references that you use in your writing, you will have to follow a specific citation style manual. Ask your instructor, publisher, or editor what style you should be using, or select one for your work based on the type of text you are producing. The most popular citation styles include:\\nMLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is mostly used in texts surrounding literature, languages, and art.\\nAPA (American Psychological Association) style, which is mostly used in texts about social and behavioral sciences.\\nChicago style, frequently used in historical writing.\\nCSE (Council of Science Editors) style, sometimes used in science-based texts.\\n1-2. Refer to the latest edition of your citation style’s manual to cite sources accurately.\\nThe specific rules of a citation style can be hard to follow at first. Purchase, borrow, or download a digital copy of the most recently-published edition of your chosen style’s manual to avoid errors. Use the manual to accurately cite all the types of sources you use in your work, including:\\nBooks\\nSpecific chapters of a book\\nJournal articles\\nFigures\\nWebsites\\nManuals\\nInstructor’s lectures\\nOnline books\\nHistorical documents\\nFilms\\n1-3. Compile a “works cited” list to include at the end of your writing.\\nAfter all of your in-text citations are made and your writing is complete, you should put together a full, detailed list of the sources you’ve used. The format, order, and punctuation of these citations will vary between citation styles. Each style, however, requires you to include crucial information about your references, such as:\\nThe author’s first and last name, or the full names of all contributors to a work with multiple authors\\nThe title of the material cited.\\nThe date of publication, in full or just the year.\\nThe physical or online place of publication.\\n2. Featuring Citations Properly\\n2-1. Identify a source and reiterate a part from it verbatim to make an accurate quotation.\\nQuotations borrow the exact words from an original source to support an idea or argument. When adding a quotation to your text, identify the author and publication clearly and state your intention to use it. Include the quote in quotation marks, without any changes to the text.\\nFor instance, write: \\\"As Smith said in his 1996 book, The Environment and Our Youth:'The habits of young people will dictate hope our planet fares in the future.'\\\"\\n2-2. Follow direct references and quotations immediately with a citation.\\nAll of the main citation systems require you to attribute ideas to their original source as soon as you feature them in the text. The specific procedure to do this varies between styles but should always be done to avoid plagiarism. Follow the rules of your chosen style to make the in-text citation by including: \\nThe author’s name and page number of the material quoted, in parentheses after you refer to it.\\nThe author’s name and the date that the work was published.\\nSuperscript numbers next to the idea that was paraphrased, summarized, or quoted.\\n2-3. Change the sentence structure, language, and voice of a text when paraphrasing.\\nBe vigilant about rewriting ideas taken from a section of source material so that your attempt at paraphrasing isn't actually plagiarism. Paraphrasing should restate the author's message in your voice, putting it into the context of your own text. Be sure to alter:\\nThe way the sentences are constructed in the source text.\\nThe source's vocabulary, by swapping as many words as possible with synonyms.\\nThe tone of the writing so that it is clear that you are writing in your own words.\\n2-4. Condense source material into a brief explanation to summarize it properly.\\nTo summarize a source text, identify the main ideas communicated in it and describe them efficiently. A summarization should be no more than 1/10 as long as the original text. Include the author, year, and title of the work. \\nDo not use quotation marks to summarize source material.\\n2-5. Cite specific ideas in your writing that are based on material you’ve read.\\nTo be safe, credit every source you’ve consulted for your writing, even if it is unclear how much your writing has borrowed from it. This will eliminate the risk of unknowingly plagiarizing someone’s work. It will also show that you are conscious of where you own ideas are coming from, which will strengthen your text.\\nFor example, if you state something like, “environmental studies is arguably the most pressing subject for young students to learn about”, you should cite an article you read about that topic the week before which makes the same argument.\\n2-6. Source your work as you write it instead of adding citations later.\\nAn organized method of writing with help you avoid errors that might lead to plagiarizing. As you write the first draft of your text, add in-text citations right away so you don’t lose track of the works you’ve cited. Start compiling a “works cited” page right away that you can edit later.\\nCiting sources right away will remove the stress of having to organize your references at the end of your writing process, which may make it stressful to meet your deadline.\\n2-7. Read a text carefully so you understand it before using it.\\nCiting a source does not simply involve re-wording their work but comprehending it thoroughly and explaining it. Take the time to read and re-read your sources if necessary, then to explain their ideas in your own words. Your reference to the text should be placing it in the context of your own writing, not reiterating it as it was originally stated.\\n3. Creating Original Content\\n3-1. Don’t allow anyone to write your assignments for you.\\nIt is plagiarism to have someone write a text for you and then pass the writing off as your own. This applies if you pay for writing services, have someone write a text based on your notes or ideas, or have someone write part of a text for you. Write your text completely on your own or cite a friend or colleague as a co-author.\\nIn an academic setting, you will usually have to write your own work without collaborating with other students.\\n3-2. Get permission to cite material you wrote for other classes or publications.\\nIf you want to refer to a text you wrote in the past for a course or publication, you must first contact the person you submitted the work to. If the instructor or publisher agree that you can use this material in a new assignment, self-cite your work and get a copy of it to submit with your next text. Avoid borrowing too much from past work, which may take away from the integrity of your current text.\\nNever re-submit or re-purpose a full text for a new writing assignment.\\n3-3. Do not copy another author’s citations and pass them off as your own.\\nIf you use a reliable source as a reference for your work, you are not entitled to cite the sources they used as if you read them. Citing one author’s work does not mean you are automatically also citing their sources and influences. Comprise your “works cited” list of sources you have read firsthand only.\\nFor example, if you quote a writer who refers to a Freudian concept, do not copy their in-text citation for the Freud publication or include Freud in your “works cited” list.\\n3-4. Avoid relying on plagiarism-detecting software to write a suitable paper.\\nSome institutions use plagiarism-detecting software to scan texts when they are submitted, prompting many students and writers to use the same technology as a safeguard. Some software may falsely detect plagiarism or miss it completely, making it unreliable if used alone. Only use this kind of software to second check your work and be vigilant about avoiding plagiarism as you write.\\nFree and paid plagiarism-check software is available online.\\nUsing this type of software may give writers a false sense of security, making them more prone to plagiarize inadvertently.\\n3-5. Start your assignments early to give yourself ample time to do research.\\nGood research takes time, as do strong writing and effective sourcing. Avoid procrastinating on your writing assignments, which will add stress to your projects when the deadlines approach. Give yourself as much time as possible to consult a variety of sources, read them well enough to understand them, and feature them in your work responsibly.\\nTips\\nAlways aim to formulate your own arguments and opinions in your assignments rather than relying on someone else. This reduces your risk of plagiarism and leaves you with a more compelling finished project.\\nIrrefutable facts, such as historical dates, do not need to be cited in your writing.\\nTry taking notes in your own words as you read your texts. That way, when you reference your notes, you will be able to transcribe your own ideas and add the proper citations, rather than worrying about quotes.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Plagiarism can range from copying someone else's words directly to referencing or paraphrasing someone's work, ideas, or analysis without giving them credit. Plagiarism can even be unintentional if you reference someone's work but forget to credit them. The best way to avoid plagiarism is to plan your writing carefully, make sure you understand your source materials, and acknowledge where your own ideas have come from. Follow citation-style rules throughout your text and be vigilant about citing all of your sources.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using a Citation System\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a citation system or find out which one you are required to use.\", \"描述\": \"To properly cite references that you use in your writing, you will have to follow a specific citation style manual. Ask your instructor, publisher, or editor what style you should be using, or select one for your work based on the type of text you are producing. The most popular citation styles include:\\nMLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is mostly used in texts surrounding literature, languages, and art.\\nAPA (American Psychological Association) style, which is mostly used in texts about social and behavioral sciences.\\nChicago style, frequently used in historical writing.\\nCSE (Council of Science Editors) style, sometimes used in science-based texts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Refer to the latest edition of your citation style’s manual to cite sources accurately.\", \"描述\": \"The specific rules of a citation style can be hard to follow at first. Purchase, borrow, or download a digital copy of the most recently-published edition of your chosen style’s manual to avoid errors. Use the manual to accurately cite all the types of sources you use in your work, including:\\nBooks\\nSpecific chapters of a book\\nJournal articles\\nFigures\\nWebsites\\nManuals\\nInstructor’s lectures\\nOnline books\\nHistorical documents\\nFilms\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Compile a “works cited” list to include at the end of your writing.\", \"描述\": \"After all of your in-text citations are made and your writing is complete, you should put together a full, detailed list of the sources you’ve used. The format, order, and punctuation of these citations will vary between citation styles. Each style, however, requires you to include crucial information about your references, such as:\\nThe author’s first and last name, or the full names of all contributors to a work with multiple authors\\nThe title of the material cited.\\nThe date of publication, in full or just the year.\\nThe physical or online place of publication.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Featuring Citations Properly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify a source and reiterate a part from it verbatim to make an accurate quotation.\", \"描述\": \"Quotations borrow the exact words from an original source to support an idea or argument. When adding a quotation to your text, identify the author and publication clearly and state your intention to use it. Include the quote in quotation marks, without any changes to the text.\\nFor instance, write: \\\"As Smith said in his 1996 book, The Environment and Our Youth:'The habits of young people will dictate hope our planet fares in the future.'\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow direct references and quotations immediately with a citation.\", \"描述\": \"All of the main citation systems require you to attribute ideas to their original source as soon as you feature them in the text. The specific procedure to do this varies between styles but should always be done to avoid plagiarism. Follow the rules of your chosen style to make the in-text citation by including: \\nThe author’s name and page number of the material quoted, in parentheses after you refer to it.\\nThe author’s name and the date that the work was published.\\nSuperscript numbers next to the idea that was paraphrased, summarized, or quoted.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Change the sentence structure, language, and voice of a text when paraphrasing.\", \"描述\": \"Be vigilant about rewriting ideas taken from a section of source material so that your attempt at paraphrasing isn't actually plagiarism. Paraphrasing should restate the author's message in your voice, putting it into the context of your own text. Be sure to alter:\\nThe way the sentences are constructed in the source text.\\nThe source's vocabulary, by swapping as many words as possible with synonyms.\\nThe tone of the writing so that it is clear that you are writing in your own words.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Condense source material into a brief explanation to summarize it properly.\", \"描述\": \"To summarize a source text, identify the main ideas communicated in it and describe them efficiently. A summarization should be no more than 1/10 as long as the original text. Include the author, year, and title of the work. \\nDo not use quotation marks to summarize source material.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Cite specific ideas in your writing that are based on material you’ve read.\", \"描述\": \"To be safe, credit every source you’ve consulted for your writing, even if it is unclear how much your writing has borrowed from it. This will eliminate the risk of unknowingly plagiarizing someone’s work. It will also show that you are conscious of where you own ideas are coming from, which will strengthen your text.\\nFor example, if you state something like, “environmental studies is arguably the most pressing subject for young students to learn about”, you should cite an article you read about that topic the week before which makes the same argument.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Source your work as you write it instead of adding citations later.\", \"描述\": \"An organized method of writing with help you avoid errors that might lead to plagiarizing. As you write the first draft of your text, add in-text citations right away so you don’t lose track of the works you’ve cited. Start compiling a “works cited” page right away that you can edit later.\\nCiting sources right away will remove the stress of having to organize your references at the end of your writing process, which may make it stressful to meet your deadline.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Read a text carefully so you understand it before using it.\", \"描述\": \"Citing a source does not simply involve re-wording their work but comprehending it thoroughly and explaining it. Take the time to read and re-read your sources if necessary, then to explain their ideas in your own words. Your reference to the text should be placing it in the context of your own writing, not reiterating it as it was originally stated.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Creating Original Content\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t allow anyone to write your assignments for you.\", \"描述\": \"It is plagiarism to have someone write a text for you and then pass the writing off as your own. This applies if you pay for writing services, have someone write a text based on your notes or ideas, or have someone write part of a text for you. Write your text completely on your own or cite a friend or colleague as a co-author.\\nIn an academic setting, you will usually have to write your own work without collaborating with other students.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get permission to cite material you wrote for other classes or publications.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to refer to a text you wrote in the past for a course or publication, you must first contact the person you submitted the work to. If the instructor or publisher agree that you can use this material in a new assignment, self-cite your work and get a copy of it to submit with your next text. Avoid borrowing too much from past work, which may take away from the integrity of your current text.\\nNever re-submit or re-purpose a full text for a new writing assignment.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do not copy another author’s citations and pass them off as your own.\", \"描述\": \"If you use a reliable source as a reference for your work, you are not entitled to cite the sources they used as if you read them. Citing one author’s work does not mean you are automatically also citing their sources and influences. Comprise your “works cited” list of sources you have read firsthand only.\\nFor example, if you quote a writer who refers to a Freudian concept, do not copy their in-text citation for the Freud publication or include Freud in your “works cited” list.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid relying on plagiarism-detecting software to write a suitable paper.\", \"描述\": \"Some institutions use plagiarism-detecting software to scan texts when they are submitted, prompting many students and writers to use the same technology as a safeguard. Some software may falsely detect plagiarism or miss it completely, making it unreliable if used alone. Only use this kind of software to second check your work and be vigilant about avoiding plagiarism as you write.\\nFree and paid plagiarism-check software is available online.\\nUsing this type of software may give writers a false sense of security, making them more prone to plagiarize inadvertently.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Start your assignments early to give yourself ample time to do research.\", \"描述\": \"Good research takes time, as do strong writing and effective sourcing. Avoid procrastinating on your writing assignments, which will add stress to your projects when the deadlines approach. Give yourself as much time as possible to consult a variety of sources, read them well enough to understand them, and feature them in your work responsibly.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always aim to formulate your own arguments and opinions in your assignments rather than relying on someone else. This reduces your risk of plagiarism and leaves you with a more compelling finished project.\\n\", \"Irrefutable facts, such as historical dates, do not need to be cited in your writing.\\n\", \"Try taking notes in your own words as you read your texts. That way, when you reference your notes, you will be able to transcribe your own ideas and add the proper citations, rather than worrying about quotes.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,157 | How to Avoid Politics With Stubborn Relatives | 1. Redirecting Political Discussions
1-1. Recognize that it takes two people to have a political discussion.
If your relative has not asked you a direct political question, it may be best to ignore the topic and not add to the discussion. Only partake in conversations that you know will remain calm and respectful.
You do not have to share your opinion, even if someone else is. You can keep it to yourself to avoid conflict, especially if you know what the hot button issues in your family are. Is it really worth it to respond if your uncle is hassling you about a political candidate you supported on Facebook this election?
Sometimes, it's better to simply bite your tongue. Try to remind yourself you're unlikely to change anyone's mind in a brief argument over the holidays. Try to laugh it off if someone is saying something that irks you. You can always rant to friends later on.
1-2. Change the subject with an apolitical fact or anecdote.
If a political discussion is beginning, find a way to derail it quickly. You can easily change the subject in an uncomfortable conversation by bringing up something tangentially related that's less loaded. See if you can remember any interesting facts or anecdotes related to a political discussion.
Say your Aunt Lesley is loudly discussing her opinions on the United States prison system. Try to think of something less loaded you can insert into the discussion.
For example, "Speaking of prison, did you guys see that Orange is the New Black show? It's interesting how Netflix is doing its own original stuff now. Strange how TV is changing."
This turns the conversation away from prison altogether. While you're bringing up a show related to prison that has some political undertones, you're turning the conversation towards changing forms of media rather than the show itself.
1-3. Seek out common ground.
If you are asked a direct question, and you simply disagree with someone, try to find commonality. You may be able to prevent a conversation from becoming a debate by trying to find something you can agree on.
For example, say you're debating climate change. You can say something like, "Look, at the very least, I think we can both agree we should protect the planet, whether global warming is real at not. Why don't we just leave it at that?" Then, try to change the subject.
Again, be persistent. Some relatives may be particularly argumentative, so make an effort to shut this down. Just keep repeating yourself, in different ways. For example, "Yes, I know you don't think global warming is manmade, but we both know our planet is important. We can agree on that."
1-4. Redirect the conversation by bringing up something that interests the other person.
If you get stuck in a political argument and cannot get out, try to find something the other person will want to discuss more. You can try to refer back to a previous topic, or you can ask a personal question. People like to talk about themselves, so oftentimes asking personal questions can trigger a topic change.
Maybe you know your cousin Sophie is going through a rough breakup. She loves complaining about her ex, but the conversation has turned to religion. You can say something like, "What church did Chris go to again?" She may start ranting about her ex and abandon the politics.
You can also find a personal question to ask to derail the conversation. For example, your Uncle Ted has been complaining about the dangers of medical marijuana, a topic that usually sparks debate. He may say something like, "I never wasted my time on drugs when I was young." Try to say something like, "What kind of things did you do for fun in college?"
2. Preventing Political Discussions
2-1. Consider your comfort level with politics before an event.
Before you attend a family event, set boundaries for yourself. Decide what you are and are not comfortable talking about with your family. It's okay if some items are simply off limits for discussion, and you should pick your battles when it comes to politics and family. Draw lines when it comes to topics of discussion, and then stick by these lines to prevent yourself from getting sucked into an argument.
This is where you should think about picking your battles. Some opinions will not change, and some subjects are simply not worth debating anymore. Maybe you know you and your Grandma Hattie will never agree on abortion. You also know you and your cousin Michael are simply not going to see eye-to-eye on gay marriage. These should both go on your mental list of off-limit topics.
If someone tries to ask you about something you're not comfortable discussing, say so and shut down conversations before they start.. For example, "Sorry, Aunt Louise, but I would really rather not share my views on abortion. I feel like that's a very private subject for me, and I personally like to keep my opinions on the issue to myself."
2-2. Avoid political triggers.
Over the years, you should have gained some knowledge of controversial subjects that tend to trigger arguments at family events. Whether it's medical marijuana, welfare, birth control, religion, war, or business, know what topics you need to avoid.
Innocent questions can trigger an argument. Your career-focused cousin, for example, may constantly get asked why she isn't married, leading to arguments about feminism. Avoid asking potentially loaded questions at events, even if you mean them in an innocent fashion.
Politics may come up in conversation naturally. As politics are such a big part of the world, many benign discussions can quickly turn political. While you cannot control your entire family, you can always censor yourself. For example, do you really want to talk to your family about your friend Ellie losing her job due to layoffs in her company? This may seem like an innocent enough fact to you, but it could easily spark a debate about the current economy.
2-3. Allow a person to express personal frustrations without evaluating their politics.
A political rant may only be a side note in a story about a relative's recent troubles as opposed to the start of a political debate. If this is the case, listen to your family member and let them know you are supporting them. Avoid commenting about their political views.
For example, say you have strong opinions regarding healthcare. You are very much in favor of recent reforms to the healthcare system. Your uncle has recently undergone a serious surgery, and has had trouble with his insurance. While telling the story, he starts venting about how damaging healthcare reform is.
It's okay if you disagree. However, keep in mind your uncle is telling a personal story. He is frustrated with personal issues and feels like he needs to vent. You do not necessarily need to argue with him about healthcare reform at the present moment. Tell him you hope he feels better soon, without explicitly agreeing or disagreeing with his assessment of the healthcare system.
2-4. Have a way to get out of unwanted discussions ahead of time.
In some families, political arguments feel inevitable. No matter how hard you work to avoid triggers, you may inadvertently get dragged into an argument. Before attending an event, think of a few words to say to stop an argument before it begins.
Think of a simple and respectful means of derailing a conversation. If your cousin is talking your ear off about abortion, and you strongly disagree with his views, say something like, "Thanks for sharing your perspective, but I guess we'll have to agree to disagree." If you're dealing with a particularly argumentative person, and don't want to openly disagree, you can try something like, "Interesting perspective. I'll have to think about that."
Stand firm. If someone keeps bringing up a topic, keep reiterating yourself. For example, say you tell your cousin you have to "agree to disagree" on abortion, and he says, "Why is that? How do you feel?" Say something like, "Let's just not get into it. It's okay that we don't feel the same way."
2-5. Set a ground rule to avoid politics.
If your family has had too many upsetting political encounters, you may just want to simply agree ahead of time to avoid discussions. If there's one family member you strongly disagree with, you may want to make a point of avoiding discussing politics with that person. You can also designate the area a hot topic free zone, avoiding any subject that can be polemic.
For example, you and your mother are polar opposites. You're very conservative, while she's very liberal. Try to agree, before a family event rolls around, to just not bring up anything political to keep the peace.
3. Keeping Conversations Civil
3-1. Try to see the other side's perspective.
Despite your best efforts, you may find yourself sucked into a political debate. If this occurs, at the very least try to keep things respectful. Do not let a discussion turn into an argument.
Remember, people come into the world with different experiences. While you may disagree with your Uncle Ted, does he have a unique background that may make him feel the way he does about a subject? Can you make an effort to understand him better, even if you don't respect his viewpoint?
Ask questions. Instead of seeing this discussion as a chance to win or lose, see it as a chance to gain insight into a point of view that's foreign to you. Ask things like, "Why do you feel that way?" and "Is there a reason you think that?"
3-2. Contribute your opinion without being argumentative.
Political discussion can be healthy. You may not change minds, but you can certainly learn something about another person. You can also give that person a chance to learn something about you. When you disagree, try to share your opinion as an offering rather than an argument.
For example, say you're arguing about Planned Parenthood with your very conservative cousin. Say something like, "You know, I guess I see it differently, as I'm friends with a lot of women who don't make a lot of money. Planned Parenthood has always provided services when my friends were in need, so I personally think it's important to keep it funded."
Try to empathize with your cousin. Make it clear you are engaging, without wanting to argue. You can follow up with something like, "But I understand, given your views on abortion, why you see it differently." You can also say something like, "But thank you for sharing your opinion."
3-3. Do not interrupt when someone else is speaking.
You may want to change the topic quickly; however, this can appear rude and provoke tempers. Be sure to wait until someone finishes expressing their opinion or asks you a question before commenting or changing the topic.
If you are discussing politics and sharing differing opinions, it's especially important not to interrupt. This can come off as argumentative.
3-4. Stay calm.
Regardless of how your family members may be responding during a political discussion, be sure to watch your own anger. People are often unaware of when they raise their voices or say something offensive during a controversial discussion with family members. Getting angry over politics is likely to upset your relatives and can derail a fun family event.
Remember, someone having an opposing viewpoint is not a personal attack on you. Keep this in mind when arguing. Do not resort to saying things like, "So you think I'm stupid?"
Be aware of the volume of your voice. If you're feeling passionate, you may be raising your voice without meaning to do so. This can come off as arguing, even if you're trying to be respectful.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:49:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Redirecting Political Discussions\\n1-1. Recognize that it takes two people to have a political discussion.\\nIf your relative has not asked you a direct political question, it may be best to ignore the topic and not add to the discussion. Only partake in conversations that you know will remain calm and respectful.\\nYou do not have to share your opinion, even if someone else is. You can keep it to yourself to avoid conflict, especially if you know what the hot button issues in your family are. Is it really worth it to respond if your uncle is hassling you about a political candidate you supported on Facebook this election?\\nSometimes, it's better to simply bite your tongue. Try to remind yourself you're unlikely to change anyone's mind in a brief argument over the holidays. Try to laugh it off if someone is saying something that irks you. You can always rant to friends later on.\\n1-2. Change the subject with an apolitical fact or anecdote.\\nIf a political discussion is beginning, find a way to derail it quickly. You can easily change the subject in an uncomfortable conversation by bringing up something tangentially related that's less loaded. See if you can remember any interesting facts or anecdotes related to a political discussion.\\nSay your Aunt Lesley is loudly discussing her opinions on the United States prison system. Try to think of something less loaded you can insert into the discussion.\\nFor example, \\\"Speaking of prison, did you guys see that Orange is the New Black show? It's interesting how Netflix is doing its own original stuff now. Strange how TV is changing.\\\"\\nThis turns the conversation away from prison altogether. While you're bringing up a show related to prison that has some political undertones, you're turning the conversation towards changing forms of media rather than the show itself.\\n1-3. Seek out common ground.\\nIf you are asked a direct question, and you simply disagree with someone, try to find commonality. You may be able to prevent a conversation from becoming a debate by trying to find something you can agree on.\\nFor example, say you're debating climate change. You can say something like, \\\"Look, at the very least, I think we can both agree we should protect the planet, whether global warming is real at not. Why don't we just leave it at that?\\\" Then, try to change the subject.\\nAgain, be persistent. Some relatives may be particularly argumentative, so make an effort to shut this down. Just keep repeating yourself, in different ways. For example, \\\"Yes, I know you don't think global warming is manmade, but we both know our planet is important. We can agree on that.\\\"\\n1-4. Redirect the conversation by bringing up something that interests the other person.\\nIf you get stuck in a political argument and cannot get out, try to find something the other person will want to discuss more. You can try to refer back to a previous topic, or you can ask a personal question. People like to talk about themselves, so oftentimes asking personal questions can trigger a topic change.\\nMaybe you know your cousin Sophie is going through a rough breakup. She loves complaining about her ex, but the conversation has turned to religion. You can say something like, \\\"What church did Chris go to again?\\\" She may start ranting about her ex and abandon the politics.\\nYou can also find a personal question to ask to derail the conversation. For example, your Uncle Ted has been complaining about the dangers of medical marijuana, a topic that usually sparks debate. He may say something like, \\\"I never wasted my time on drugs when I was young.\\\" Try to say something like, \\\"What kind of things did you do for fun in college?\\\"\\n2. Preventing Political Discussions\\n2-1. Consider your comfort level with politics before an event.\\nBefore you attend a family event, set boundaries for yourself. Decide what you are and are not comfortable talking about with your family. It's okay if some items are simply off limits for discussion, and you should pick your battles when it comes to politics and family. Draw lines when it comes to topics of discussion, and then stick by these lines to prevent yourself from getting sucked into an argument.\\nThis is where you should think about picking your battles. Some opinions will not change, and some subjects are simply not worth debating anymore. Maybe you know you and your Grandma Hattie will never agree on abortion. You also know you and your cousin Michael are simply not going to see eye-to-eye on gay marriage. These should both go on your mental list of off-limit topics.\\nIf someone tries to ask you about something you're not comfortable discussing, say so and shut down conversations before they start.. For example, \\\"Sorry, Aunt Louise, but I would really rather not share my views on abortion. I feel like that's a very private subject for me, and I personally like to keep my opinions on the issue to myself.\\\"\\n2-2. Avoid political triggers.\\nOver the years, you should have gained some knowledge of controversial subjects that tend to trigger arguments at family events. Whether it's medical marijuana, welfare, birth control, religion, war, or business, know what topics you need to avoid.\\nInnocent questions can trigger an argument. Your career-focused cousin, for example, may constantly get asked why she isn't married, leading to arguments about feminism. Avoid asking potentially loaded questions at events, even if you mean them in an innocent fashion.\\nPolitics may come up in conversation naturally. As politics are such a big part of the world, many benign discussions can quickly turn political. While you cannot control your entire family, you can always censor yourself. For example, do you really want to talk to your family about your friend Ellie losing her job due to layoffs in her company? This may seem like an innocent enough fact to you, but it could easily spark a debate about the current economy.\\n2-3. Allow a person to express personal frustrations without evaluating their politics.\\nA political rant may only be a side note in a story about a relative's recent troubles as opposed to the start of a political debate. If this is the case, listen to your family member and let them know you are supporting them. Avoid commenting about their political views.\\nFor example, say you have strong opinions regarding healthcare. You are very much in favor of recent reforms to the healthcare system. Your uncle has recently undergone a serious surgery, and has had trouble with his insurance. While telling the story, he starts venting about how damaging healthcare reform is.\\nIt's okay if you disagree. However, keep in mind your uncle is telling a personal story. He is frustrated with personal issues and feels like he needs to vent. You do not necessarily need to argue with him about healthcare reform at the present moment. Tell him you hope he feels better soon, without explicitly agreeing or disagreeing with his assessment of the healthcare system.\\n2-4. Have a way to get out of unwanted discussions ahead of time.\\nIn some families, political arguments feel inevitable. No matter how hard you work to avoid triggers, you may inadvertently get dragged into an argument. Before attending an event, think of a few words to say to stop an argument before it begins.\\nThink of a simple and respectful means of derailing a conversation. If your cousin is talking your ear off about abortion, and you strongly disagree with his views, say something like, \\\"Thanks for sharing your perspective, but I guess we'll have to agree to disagree.\\\" If you're dealing with a particularly argumentative person, and don't want to openly disagree, you can try something like, \\\"Interesting perspective. I'll have to think about that.\\\"\\nStand firm. If someone keeps bringing up a topic, keep reiterating yourself. For example, say you tell your cousin you have to \\\"agree to disagree\\\" on abortion, and he says, \\\"Why is that? How do you feel?\\\" Say something like, \\\"Let's just not get into it. It's okay that we don't feel the same way.\\\"\\n2-5. Set a ground rule to avoid politics.\\nIf your family has had too many upsetting political encounters, you may just want to simply agree ahead of time to avoid discussions. If there's one family member you strongly disagree with, you may want to make a point of avoiding discussing politics with that person. You can also designate the area a hot topic free zone, avoiding any subject that can be polemic.\\nFor example, you and your mother are polar opposites. You're very conservative, while she's very liberal. Try to agree, before a family event rolls around, to just not bring up anything political to keep the peace.\\n3. Keeping Conversations Civil\\n3-1. Try to see the other side's perspective.\\nDespite your best efforts, you may find yourself sucked into a political debate. If this occurs, at the very least try to keep things respectful. Do not let a discussion turn into an argument.\\nRemember, people come into the world with different experiences. While you may disagree with your Uncle Ted, does he have a unique background that may make him feel the way he does about a subject? Can you make an effort to understand him better, even if you don't respect his viewpoint?\\nAsk questions. Instead of seeing this discussion as a chance to win or lose, see it as a chance to gain insight into a point of view that's foreign to you. Ask things like, \\\"Why do you feel that way?\\\" and \\\"Is there a reason you think that?\\\"\\n3-2. Contribute your opinion without being argumentative.\\nPolitical discussion can be healthy. You may not change minds, but you can certainly learn something about another person. You can also give that person a chance to learn something about you. When you disagree, try to share your opinion as an offering rather than an argument.\\nFor example, say you're arguing about Planned Parenthood with your very conservative cousin. Say something like, \\\"You know, I guess I see it differently, as I'm friends with a lot of women who don't make a lot of money. Planned Parenthood has always provided services when my friends were in need, so I personally think it's important to keep it funded.\\\"\\nTry to empathize with your cousin. Make it clear you are engaging, without wanting to argue. You can follow up with something like, \\\"But I understand, given your views on abortion, why you see it differently.\\\" You can also say something like, \\\"But thank you for sharing your opinion.\\\"\\n3-3. Do not interrupt when someone else is speaking.\\nYou may want to change the topic quickly; however, this can appear rude and provoke tempers. Be sure to wait until someone finishes expressing their opinion or asks you a question before commenting or changing the topic.\\nIf you are discussing politics and sharing differing opinions, it's especially important not to interrupt. This can come off as argumentative.\\n3-4. Stay calm.\\nRegardless of how your family members may be responding during a political discussion, be sure to watch your own anger. People are often unaware of when they raise their voices or say something offensive during a controversial discussion with family members. Getting angry over politics is likely to upset your relatives and can derail a fun family event.\\nRemember, someone having an opposing viewpoint is not a personal attack on you. Keep this in mind when arguing. Do not resort to saying things like, \\\"So you think I'm stupid?\\\"\\nBe aware of the volume of your voice. If you're feeling passionate, you may be raising your voice without meaning to do so. This can come off as arguing, even if you're trying to be respectful.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Politics and religion are topics that are often avoided in public settings and this can be especially true when with family. A discussion on a controversial topic such as politics requires willing participants, open minds and calm demeanors, or it can become quite tense. This can be easier when the discussion takes place without family, but when with family, people often feel more comfortable and less controlled, making them more likely to be offensive or vulnerable. When at family gatherings you can avoid discussing politics with stubborn relatives by preventing the discussions altogether or redirecting them, should they occur.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Redirecting Political Discussions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognize that it takes two people to have a political discussion.\", \"描述\": \"If your relative has not asked you a direct political question, it may be best to ignore the topic and not add to the discussion. Only partake in conversations that you know will remain calm and respectful.\\nYou do not have to share your opinion, even if someone else is. You can keep it to yourself to avoid conflict, especially if you know what the hot button issues in your family are. Is it really worth it to respond if your uncle is hassling you about a political candidate you supported on Facebook this election?\\nSometimes, it's better to simply bite your tongue. Try to remind yourself you're unlikely to change anyone's mind in a brief argument over the holidays. Try to laugh it off if someone is saying something that irks you. You can always rant to friends later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Change the subject with an apolitical fact or anecdote.\", \"描述\": \"If a political discussion is beginning, find a way to derail it quickly. You can easily change the subject in an uncomfortable conversation by bringing up something tangentially related that's less loaded. See if you can remember any interesting facts or anecdotes related to a political discussion.\\nSay your Aunt Lesley is loudly discussing her opinions on the United States prison system. Try to think of something less loaded you can insert into the discussion.\\nFor example, \\\"Speaking of prison, did you guys see that Orange is the New Black show? It's interesting how Netflix is doing its own original stuff now. Strange how TV is changing.\\\"\\nThis turns the conversation away from prison altogether. While you're bringing up a show related to prison that has some political undertones, you're turning the conversation towards changing forms of media rather than the show itself.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seek out common ground.\", \"描述\": \"If you are asked a direct question, and you simply disagree with someone, try to find commonality. You may be able to prevent a conversation from becoming a debate by trying to find something you can agree on.\\nFor example, say you're debating climate change. You can say something like, \\\"Look, at the very least, I think we can both agree we should protect the planet, whether global warming is real at not. Why don't we just leave it at that?\\\" Then, try to change the subject.\\nAgain, be persistent. Some relatives may be particularly argumentative, so make an effort to shut this down. Just keep repeating yourself, in different ways. For example, \\\"Yes, I know you don't think global warming is manmade, but we both know our planet is important. We can agree on that.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Redirect the conversation by bringing up something that interests the other person.\", \"描述\": \"If you get stuck in a political argument and cannot get out, try to find something the other person will want to discuss more. You can try to refer back to a previous topic, or you can ask a personal question. People like to talk about themselves, so oftentimes asking personal questions can trigger a topic change.\\nMaybe you know your cousin Sophie is going through a rough breakup. She loves complaining about her ex, but the conversation has turned to religion. You can say something like, \\\"What church did Chris go to again?\\\" She may start ranting about her ex and abandon the politics.\\nYou can also find a personal question to ask to derail the conversation. For example, your Uncle Ted has been complaining about the dangers of medical marijuana, a topic that usually sparks debate. He may say something like, \\\"I never wasted my time on drugs when I was young.\\\" Try to say something like, \\\"What kind of things did you do for fun in college?\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preventing Political Discussions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider your comfort level with politics before an event.\", \"描述\": \"Before you attend a family event, set boundaries for yourself. Decide what you are and are not comfortable talking about with your family. It's okay if some items are simply off limits for discussion, and you should pick your battles when it comes to politics and family. Draw lines when it comes to topics of discussion, and then stick by these lines to prevent yourself from getting sucked into an argument.\\nThis is where you should think about picking your battles. Some opinions will not change, and some subjects are simply not worth debating anymore. Maybe you know you and your Grandma Hattie will never agree on abortion. You also know you and your cousin Michael are simply not going to see eye-to-eye on gay marriage. These should both go on your mental list of off-limit topics.\\nIf someone tries to ask you about something you're not comfortable discussing, say so and shut down conversations before they start.. For example, \\\"Sorry, Aunt Louise, but I would really rather not share my views on abortion. I feel like that's a very private subject for me, and I personally like to keep my opinions on the issue to myself.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid political triggers.\", \"描述\": \"Over the years, you should have gained some knowledge of controversial subjects that tend to trigger arguments at family events. Whether it's medical marijuana, welfare, birth control, religion, war, or business, know what topics you need to avoid.\\nInnocent questions can trigger an argument. Your career-focused cousin, for example, may constantly get asked why she isn't married, leading to arguments about feminism. Avoid asking potentially loaded questions at events, even if you mean them in an innocent fashion.\\nPolitics may come up in conversation naturally. As politics are such a big part of the world, many benign discussions can quickly turn political. While you cannot control your entire family, you can always censor yourself. For example, do you really want to talk to your family about your friend Ellie losing her job due to layoffs in her company? This may seem like an innocent enough fact to you, but it could easily spark a debate about the current economy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Allow a person to express personal frustrations without evaluating their politics.\", \"描述\": \"A political rant may only be a side note in a story about a relative's recent troubles as opposed to the start of a political debate. If this is the case, listen to your family member and let them know you are supporting them. Avoid commenting about their political views.\\nFor example, say you have strong opinions regarding healthcare. You are very much in favor of recent reforms to the healthcare system. Your uncle has recently undergone a serious surgery, and has had trouble with his insurance. While telling the story, he starts venting about how damaging healthcare reform is.\\nIt's okay if you disagree. However, keep in mind your uncle is telling a personal story. He is frustrated with personal issues and feels like he needs to vent. You do not necessarily need to argue with him about healthcare reform at the present moment. Tell him you hope he feels better soon, without explicitly agreeing or disagreeing with his assessment of the healthcare system.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Have a way to get out of unwanted discussions ahead of time.\", \"描述\": \"In some families, political arguments feel inevitable. No matter how hard you work to avoid triggers, you may inadvertently get dragged into an argument. Before attending an event, think of a few words to say to stop an argument before it begins.\\nThink of a simple and respectful means of derailing a conversation. If your cousin is talking your ear off about abortion, and you strongly disagree with his views, say something like, \\\"Thanks for sharing your perspective, but I guess we'll have to agree to disagree.\\\" If you're dealing with a particularly argumentative person, and don't want to openly disagree, you can try something like, \\\"Interesting perspective. I'll have to think about that.\\\"\\nStand firm. If someone keeps bringing up a topic, keep reiterating yourself. For example, say you tell your cousin you have to \\\"agree to disagree\\\" on abortion, and he says, \\\"Why is that? How do you feel?\\\" Say something like, \\\"Let's just not get into it. It's okay that we don't feel the same way.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Set a ground rule to avoid politics.\", \"描述\": \"If your family has had too many upsetting political encounters, you may just want to simply agree ahead of time to avoid discussions. If there's one family member you strongly disagree with, you may want to make a point of avoiding discussing politics with that person. You can also designate the area a hot topic free zone, avoiding any subject that can be polemic.\\nFor example, you and your mother are polar opposites. You're very conservative, while she's very liberal. Try to agree, before a family event rolls around, to just not bring up anything political to keep the peace.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keeping Conversations Civil\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try to see the other side's perspective.\", \"描述\": \"Despite your best efforts, you may find yourself sucked into a political debate. If this occurs, at the very least try to keep things respectful. Do not let a discussion turn into an argument.\\nRemember, people come into the world with different experiences. While you may disagree with your Uncle Ted, does he have a unique background that may make him feel the way he does about a subject? Can you make an effort to understand him better, even if you don't respect his viewpoint?\\nAsk questions. Instead of seeing this discussion as a chance to win or lose, see it as a chance to gain insight into a point of view that's foreign to you. Ask things like, \\\"Why do you feel that way?\\\" and \\\"Is there a reason you think that?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contribute your opinion without being argumentative.\", \"描述\": \"Political discussion can be healthy. You may not change minds, but you can certainly learn something about another person. You can also give that person a chance to learn something about you. When you disagree, try to share your opinion as an offering rather than an argument.\\nFor example, say you're arguing about Planned Parenthood with your very conservative cousin. Say something like, \\\"You know, I guess I see it differently, as I'm friends with a lot of women who don't make a lot of money. Planned Parenthood has always provided services when my friends were in need, so I personally think it's important to keep it funded.\\\"\\nTry to empathize with your cousin. Make it clear you are engaging, without wanting to argue. You can follow up with something like, \\\"But I understand, given your views on abortion, why you see it differently.\\\" You can also say something like, \\\"But thank you for sharing your opinion.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do not interrupt when someone else is speaking.\", \"描述\": \"You may want to change the topic quickly; however, this can appear rude and provoke tempers. Be sure to wait until someone finishes expressing their opinion or asks you a question before commenting or changing the topic.\\nIf you are discussing politics and sharing differing opinions, it's especially important not to interrupt. This can come off as argumentative.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay calm.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of how your family members may be responding during a political discussion, be sure to watch your own anger. People are often unaware of when they raise their voices or say something offensive during a controversial discussion with family members. Getting angry over politics is likely to upset your relatives and can derail a fun family event.\\nRemember, someone having an opposing viewpoint is not a personal attack on you. Keep this in mind when arguing. Do not resort to saying things like, \\\"So you think I'm stupid?\\\"\\nBe aware of the volume of your voice. If you're feeling passionate, you may be raising your voice without meaning to do so. This can come off as arguing, even if you're trying to be respectful.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,158 | How to Avoid Pornography | 1. Developing Healthier Habits
1-1. Replace the bad habit with a good one.
For most people that look at a lot of porn, the impulse is simply a habit. One of the best ways to overcome a bad habit is to replace it with a good habit; you need to give yourself something else to do when you would normally be looking at porn. What that is will depend on who you are, but you can try:
Exercising. When you reach the time of day when you would normally start looking at porn, go out and get some exercise instead. Go for a jog around your block or do some jumping jacks. You can even do some more involved but fun exercises, like going swimming at your local pool.
Cleaning your home. You'll probably know the basic things to clean (dishes, laundry, etc) but don't forget about all the cleaning that a lot of people forget about, like cleaning around the toilet and scrubbing the bathtub.
1-2. Get too busy for porn.
Pornography is easy to fall back on if you've got a lot of free time. By keeping your day booked solid, you'll easily be able to keep yourself away from porn because you'll have too much other stuff to do! Try taking on a new hobby (editing on wikiHow is good), teach yourself a new skill (learning a language is useful and fun), or finding another way to occupy your time (spending more time with your friends and family is always good).
For example, you can begin teaching yourself a new language online using free services like DuoLingo. Learning a new language will help fill up your time and keep you busy (and away from pornography) but it will also help you for the rest of your life too!
If you want to try something away from the computer so that you're not tempted, try martial arts. The Japanese martial art of Aikido is designed for people who might not be all that strong and uses minimal movements to achieve the greatest effect, making it a good one for people who don't have much experience or aren't in very good shape. You can usually find Aikido classes as local community centers, universities, and community dojos.
1-3. Look for guidance and support.
If you're really having trouble getting your habit under control, you should consider seeking guidance from a counselor, spiritual advisor, or community of people who are going through the same thing. Support can come in a number of forms, so look for the one that works best for you.
If you are religious, go to the local place of worship for whatever religion you believe in and ask to talk to a priest, imam, or rabbi. You might need to set up an appointment, but someone should be available to talk to you.
You can also join online communities of people who are trying to beat the same addiction. They can offer support, empathy, and maybe even some techniques that you haven't tried to help keep you accountable.
1-4. Find a better sexual release.
It shouldn't be the first thing you try, but finding another way to get a satisfying sexual release might help you kick your habit. Find a sexual partner that you can be on the same page with about what you expect from your relationship and try to develop a more satisfying sex life. By keeping your sex life varied, mutually satisfying, and fresh, you should kick a lot of your desire to look at pornography.
If you're already in a relationship, do what you can to spice up your sex life with your partner. You'll probably have to make some real effort, but it will be worth it.
1-5. Think of all the reasons to stop.
For some people, keeping in mind all the reasons why they should stop is enough to curb the bad behavior. With significant enough motivation, if you can find it, you should be able to control your urges. However, this will work best if you also take into account the reasons you watch porn, to begin with. Generally, it serves to fill in for some unmet need. Find out what porn is filling for you, and you can better think of reasons and ways to quit.
Consider the impact on your family. For some people, the effect that their porn habits have on their wives, girlfriends, or the fear of what their children might see is enough to deter them and help them control their habits. The same goes for if you're young and still living with your family. What would your little sister think if she saw what you watch?
Consider your own feelings and free time. For some people, it's easier to be motivated knowing the negative impact that pornography has on yourself. Survey's have shown among men who stopped watching porn, 60% saw in increase in their sexual performance. Almost two thirds felt more energetic and productive. Porn can be very time consuming for those with really bad habits, so just imagine what you could do with all that reclaimed time.
1-6. Get counseling if this problem continues to bother you.
If you really can't control yourself, think about talking to a doctor or psychologist. You may have larger problems that need to be addressed and if this has a negative impact on your life then that alone makes it important enough to deal with.
Talk to your family doctor about your problem. Even if they can't help you themselves, they should be able to refer you to someone who can help.
You can also find specialized resources, like Sex Addicts Anonymous. Groups like this one deal specifically with this problem and they will know what you're going through and how to help you.
Remember your parents, what will be their reaction when they knew about your bad habit
2. Minimizing Temptation
2-1. Clean up your computer.
If you find that pornography is ending up on your computer, either willingly or unwillingly, you'll want to start avoiding pornography by cleaning up your computer. You'll want to start by deleting any pornography saved onto the computer itself. After that, there are a few other things you can do, depending on the problem that you're having:
Clear your browser. Clear your browser's cache, history, as well as your Google search history. If your computer remembers you visiting porn sites (even if it was by accident), it will think you want more porn and display more advertisements for pornography and unsafe sites.
Check for viruses. If you notice that you get porn pop-ups even when you're visiting trusted sites or maybe even as soon as you open your internet browser, you might have a computer virus. Call an expert to get the virus removed and then install anti-virus software that can protect you for the future.
Be careful about what search terms you use and websites you visit. Some phrases are frequently attached to pornography and some websites are more likely to give you viruses and lead to pornography. Turn on Google Safe Search to protect from unsafe searches and try to only visit sites that you absolutely trust.
2-2. Set up an internet censor.
There are a number of ways in which you can set up a censor that will keep you and others safe from pornography on the internet. You can block all but a few sites, only sites that are marked for adults, or you can just block certain sites. Choose a method that is right for your needs:
Use StayFocused. StayFocused is a browser add-on for Chrome browsers that allows you to control what websites you can access and how much time you can spend on those sites. It's great for policing your own behavior, if you're the one struggling with porn.
Alternatively use Stop Procrastinating App that allows you to block internet access or filter websites on all web browsers, not just Chrome. It is impossible to get around and also offers users goal setting options to help them focus psychologically on breaking their addiction.
Use Microsoft's built-in content filter. If you're trying to protect your family and you have a Windows Computer, take advantage of Microsoft's built in parental controls. These are powerful controls that you can set to whatever the needs are for your family.
Set up OpenDNS to block all objectionable content across all devices in your home. You can set up the OpenDNS software, which is available for free, to block all objectionable content in your household. This is the program frequently used by schools and it functions very well for protecting your family.
2-3. Cultivate your media.
Certain types of media will be more likely to subject you and other people to objectionable or dangerous material. Because of this, you might want to limit how much you use certain kinds of media. Movies are easy to choose because of their ratings, but TV might be harder to control. Limit the channels you receive and make sure to do your research on a show before deciding if it's right for you and your family. Internet is the hardest of all to regulate, so make use of a censor or significantly limit how much your family uses the internet and where that internet usage happens.
For example, did you know that YouTube has a content filter that can help you protect yourself and your family from adult content on that site? Scroll to the bottom of any YouTube page and you'll see a button that says “Safety: Off”. Click on that and YouTube will be instantly safer!
2-4. Spend recreational time in a space with your family, rather than alone.
Move any computers in your home into family spaces and keep an open door policy for any private rooms where computers will be staying. This open policy will help keep all family members, yourself included, honest and allow them to better control urges and bad habits.
So, for example, move your son's computer from his bedroom and into a corner of the living room.
2-5. Adjust where you spend your time in public.
Certain public spaces may be more prone to displaying offensive material in readily visible places. For every area this will be different, but if you find that you're exposed to the materials while out in public, it might be a good idea to think about how you can change your where your time is spent.
For example, downtown areas and city-outskirts are known for attracting more objectionable material than other parts of cities.
If you know you tend to see this problematic material while driving or walking to work, for example, try changing your route.
2-6. Avoid negative reinforcement and physical punishment.
We'll often hear the advice to snap a rubber band at our wrist when trying to stop our own bad habits or that we should physically punish our kids if they don't stay away from material we find objectionable, but at least when it comes to watching pornography, you're going to want to stay away from these practices. They work because they cause the person being punished to associate pain, discomfort, shame, and humiliation with whatever they're being punished for. When these feelings are applied to sex, however, they create unhealthy feelings and may even prevent the person from having normal sexual interaction in the future. Avoid the negative reinforcement of any kind of sexual practice as much as possible, as it doesn't teach healthy behaviors and could even lead to addictive tendencies.
2-7. Create positive reinforcement.
Whether you're trying to keep yourself away from pornography or you're trying to help your family, using positive will be much more effective at creating the behaviors you want to see.
For example, reward your teenage son with extra spending money for very week where he spends less than 5 hours on the computer.
You can give yourself positive reinforcement too: try giving yourself a piece of candy every day that you don't view pornography.
2-8. Evaluate the problem.
It's also important to really understand the problem that you're having. Sometimes, viewing pornography might not be as bad as you think it is. You should look at your situation from an outsider perspective and really decide if you want to go to really great lengths to control the situation.
For example, if your son is having trouble with viewing pornography, it might be that this is just a phase. Increased sexual feelings at a young age are normal and pornography might be a safer outlet for releasing those feelings than if he stopped and then went looking for release elsewhere. You might want to just let him be, but at least offer him some advice about why pornography can give you bad ideas about sex and why it's important not to let it control your life. If it's distracting him from schoolwork and friends, you may want to step in.
Learn to recognize the signs of addiction. If you believe that porn is interfering with your daily life, it may be a larger problem. Feelings of guilt, lying to hide your usage, dissatisfaction with real life sex, and anger when porn is not acceptable are all potential signs of a larger problem.
3. Helping Others
3-1. Don't be judgmental.
The first thing you should do when trying to help other people stay away from porn is to stop being judgmental. Do not see or portray the situation in a way that makes them bad for what they do. Sexuality is very normal and human. Even most religions teach that it is not anyone's place to judge their fellow man (but is instead the job of the Creator). It's also bad to judge people because it tends to turn them off from what you're trying to do. Many people that might be open to change will become defensive if you judge them and become even more set in their ways.
Stay calm when you talk to them and avoid any judgmental language like “Why can't you be more like Michael?” or “Watching pornography will turn you into a pedophile!”. Don't make assumptions about how they think or compare them to other people, since language like this tends to shut people down.
3-2. Talk to them about your concerns.
The best place to start is to talk to the person you're concerned about. Tell them why you're concerned. Sometimes, people might not realize that they even have a problem or how their problem might affect other people. If you're open and honest, you'll be much better able to reach them and connect with things that they can understand.
Say something like, “Will, I know that this is something that you enjoy, but I'm worried about what it's doing to you. There is so much more to life and so much more that you could be doing right now to make yourself happy, but you're spending all your free time in your room. I want you to get more out of life than just this.”
3-3. Help them see how the behavior is hurtful.
Talk to them about the negative effects of pornography. Make sure to use lots of different types of evidence and reasoning though Use real-world evidence, logical arguments, emotional arguments, and whatever else you can. Using a combination of argument types will be best if you don't know how the person will think about the problem. Just remember to avoid making them feel guilty. They may already be dealing with shame, and you want to ultimately build an environment of support, not make things worse.
For example, make a logical argument like, “Think about what this is doing to how you think about sex! You're becoming accustomed to being able change who gets you off by just pressing a button. That's going to make it very hard to have a satisfying relationship later in life.”
3-4. Give them a new focus.
Using a new behavior or a new activity is the best way to stop an old behavior in its tracks. If you want to help someone to stop looking at porn, give them something else to do instead. You can try:
Offering to take a class with them at the local community center. Consider paying for you both to take a cooking class together at the local community center during the time of day you know they're most vulnerable.
Give them something to do around the house. Give them a responsibility to take care of around the house. For example, if your son spends a lot of time in his room towards the end of the day, task him with taking the dog for a walk around the neighborhood every day instead.
3-5. Plan for failure.
This is a difficult behavior to overcome and it may take time and a few mess ups before things feel right. You need to plan for failure so that both you and the person you're trying to help don't become disappointed with the events that happen. Disappointment can lead to harsh feelings and judgement, which might derail the whole effort. Expect that it will take some work and that a change won't happen overnight. Enlist the help of others to keep you accountable when you don't feel strong enough on your own.
3-6. Release your feelings of responsibility.
Realize that at the end of the day, you can't be responsible for everything that someone else does. Whoever you're trying to help, they're either already an adult or they're getting to the point where they really just have to make decisions on their own. This is a part of the world that they'll be exposed to one way or the other and they'll need to find their own way to cope with it. You can't control other people and it's not your responsibility to. If they feel negative consequences after you've done what you can to help them, that's their responsibility. You did what you were capable of and no one can ask anything more from you.
Tips
Think of your family and friends, how disappointed they would be to know this is what you're doing with your free time. How would you feel if your son/daughter was watching this sort of material? Even if you don't have children, or they're young, how would you feel if when they were older, they'd be watching porn?
Do not register for pornographic sites. Even if you delete a previous account, the site moderator will still have you on file.
Use filtered search engines or reputable directories to find the information you need.
Warnings
Do not follow links in email that is unsolicited. If it is a link you want to visit, copy and paste it into a browser instead of clicking on it. Often spam and phishing email (Identify-and-Resist-Phishing-Bait) will hide script behind their links.
Too often, pornography advertisements exist on less-than-reputable sites that host topics related to software piracy, hacking, cracking, and online gambling.
Do not guess website addresses. Many pornographic sites have similar addresses of non-pornographic sites. Use a search engine instead.
Do not search for ambiguous terms such as "girls," "pump," "bagel," or "pony." Think carefully before typing a key word search.
Do not open attachments in unsolicited emails. To secure against pop-ups and other bad scripts, use a free web-based email service to complete online registrations.
Although getting help from a spouse is important, you need to think carefully about how and when to break this news. If your spouse doesn't know about your interest in pornography, it may be devastating news.
Don't think that the number of days you have abstained is the most important thing. You can abstain for a year or more and still have a relapse. Although you should be encouraged if you've abstained for a long time, you're better off asking yourself: "How far away am I from porn right now?" In other words, beware of complacency.
Avoid illegal websites offering keygens, Cracks or illegal software. These websites usually have explicit pornographic banners that might tempt you.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Healthier Habits\\n1-1. Replace the bad habit with a good one.\\nFor most people that look at a lot of porn, the impulse is simply a habit. One of the best ways to overcome a bad habit is to replace it with a good habit; you need to give yourself something else to do when you would normally be looking at porn. What that is will depend on who you are, but you can try:\\nExercising. When you reach the time of day when you would normally start looking at porn, go out and get some exercise instead. Go for a jog around your block or do some jumping jacks. You can even do some more involved but fun exercises, like going swimming at your local pool.\\nCleaning your home. You'll probably know the basic things to clean (dishes, laundry, etc) but don't forget about all the cleaning that a lot of people forget about, like cleaning around the toilet and scrubbing the bathtub.\\n1-2. Get too busy for porn.\\nPornography is easy to fall back on if you've got a lot of free time. By keeping your day booked solid, you'll easily be able to keep yourself away from porn because you'll have too much other stuff to do! Try taking on a new hobby (editing on wikiHow is good), teach yourself a new skill (learning a language is useful and fun), or finding another way to occupy your time (spending more time with your friends and family is always good).\\nFor example, you can begin teaching yourself a new language online using free services like DuoLingo. Learning a new language will help fill up your time and keep you busy (and away from pornography) but it will also help you for the rest of your life too!\\nIf you want to try something away from the computer so that you're not tempted, try martial arts. The Japanese martial art of Aikido is designed for people who might not be all that strong and uses minimal movements to achieve the greatest effect, making it a good one for people who don't have much experience or aren't in very good shape. You can usually find Aikido classes as local community centers, universities, and community dojos.\\n1-3. Look for guidance and support.\\nIf you're really having trouble getting your habit under control, you should consider seeking guidance from a counselor, spiritual advisor, or community of people who are going through the same thing. Support can come in a number of forms, so look for the one that works best for you.\\nIf you are religious, go to the local place of worship for whatever religion you believe in and ask to talk to a priest, imam, or rabbi. You might need to set up an appointment, but someone should be available to talk to you.\\nYou can also join online communities of people who are trying to beat the same addiction. They can offer support, empathy, and maybe even some techniques that you haven't tried to help keep you accountable.\\n1-4. Find a better sexual release.\\nIt shouldn't be the first thing you try, but finding another way to get a satisfying sexual release might help you kick your habit. Find a sexual partner that you can be on the same page with about what you expect from your relationship and try to develop a more satisfying sex life. By keeping your sex life varied, mutually satisfying, and fresh, you should kick a lot of your desire to look at pornography.\\nIf you're already in a relationship, do what you can to spice up your sex life with your partner. You'll probably have to make some real effort, but it will be worth it.\\n1-5. Think of all the reasons to stop.\\nFor some people, keeping in mind all the reasons why they should stop is enough to curb the bad behavior. With significant enough motivation, if you can find it, you should be able to control your urges. However, this will work best if you also take into account the reasons you watch porn, to begin with. Generally, it serves to fill in for some unmet need. Find out what porn is filling for you, and you can better think of reasons and ways to quit.\\nConsider the impact on your family. For some people, the effect that their porn habits have on their wives, girlfriends, or the fear of what their children might see is enough to deter them and help them control their habits. The same goes for if you're young and still living with your family. What would your little sister think if she saw what you watch?\\nConsider your own feelings and free time. For some people, it's easier to be motivated knowing the negative impact that pornography has on yourself. Survey's have shown among men who stopped watching porn, 60% saw in increase in their sexual performance. Almost two thirds felt more energetic and productive. Porn can be very time consuming for those with really bad habits, so just imagine what you could do with all that reclaimed time.\\n1-6. Get counseling if this problem continues to bother you.\\nIf you really can't control yourself, think about talking to a doctor or psychologist. You may have larger problems that need to be addressed and if this has a negative impact on your life then that alone makes it important enough to deal with.\\nTalk to your family doctor about your problem. Even if they can't help you themselves, they should be able to refer you to someone who can help.\\nYou can also find specialized resources, like Sex Addicts Anonymous. Groups like this one deal specifically with this problem and they will know what you're going through and how to help you.\\nRemember your parents, what will be their reaction when they knew about your bad habit\\n2. Minimizing Temptation\\n2-1. Clean up your computer.\\nIf you find that pornography is ending up on your computer, either willingly or unwillingly, you'll want to start avoiding pornography by cleaning up your computer. You'll want to start by deleting any pornography saved onto the computer itself. After that, there are a few other things you can do, depending on the problem that you're having:\\nClear your browser. Clear your browser's cache, history, as well as your Google search history. If your computer remembers you visiting porn sites (even if it was by accident), it will think you want more porn and display more advertisements for pornography and unsafe sites.\\nCheck for viruses. If you notice that you get porn pop-ups even when you're visiting trusted sites or maybe even as soon as you open your internet browser, you might have a computer virus. Call an expert to get the virus removed and then install anti-virus software that can protect you for the future.\\nBe careful about what search terms you use and websites you visit. Some phrases are frequently attached to pornography and some websites are more likely to give you viruses and lead to pornography. Turn on Google Safe Search to protect from unsafe searches and try to only visit sites that you absolutely trust.\\n2-2. Set up an internet censor.\\nThere are a number of ways in which you can set up a censor that will keep you and others safe from pornography on the internet. You can block all but a few sites, only sites that are marked for adults, or you can just block certain sites. Choose a method that is right for your needs:\\nUse StayFocused. StayFocused is a browser add-on for Chrome browsers that allows you to control what websites you can access and how much time you can spend on those sites. It's great for policing your own behavior, if you're the one struggling with porn.\\nAlternatively use Stop Procrastinating App that allows you to block internet access or filter websites on all web browsers, not just Chrome. It is impossible to get around and also offers users goal setting options to help them focus psychologically on breaking their addiction.\\nUse Microsoft's built-in content filter. If you're trying to protect your family and you have a Windows Computer, take advantage of Microsoft's built in parental controls. These are powerful controls that you can set to whatever the needs are for your family.\\n\\nSet up OpenDNS to block all objectionable content across all devices in your home. You can set up the OpenDNS software, which is available for free, to block all objectionable content in your household. This is the program frequently used by schools and it functions very well for protecting your family.\\n2-3. Cultivate your media.\\nCertain types of media will be more likely to subject you and other people to objectionable or dangerous material. Because of this, you might want to limit how much you use certain kinds of media. Movies are easy to choose because of their ratings, but TV might be harder to control. Limit the channels you receive and make sure to do your research on a show before deciding if it's right for you and your family. Internet is the hardest of all to regulate, so make use of a censor or significantly limit how much your family uses the internet and where that internet usage happens.\\nFor example, did you know that YouTube has a content filter that can help you protect yourself and your family from adult content on that site? Scroll to the bottom of any YouTube page and you'll see a button that says “Safety: Off”. Click on that and YouTube will be instantly safer!\\n2-4. Spend recreational time in a space with your family, rather than alone.\\nMove any computers in your home into family spaces and keep an open door policy for any private rooms where computers will be staying. This open policy will help keep all family members, yourself included, honest and allow them to better control urges and bad habits.\\nSo, for example, move your son's computer from his bedroom and into a corner of the living room.\\n2-5. Adjust where you spend your time in public.\\nCertain public spaces may be more prone to displaying offensive material in readily visible places. For every area this will be different, but if you find that you're exposed to the materials while out in public, it might be a good idea to think about how you can change your where your time is spent.\\nFor example, downtown areas and city-outskirts are known for attracting more objectionable material than other parts of cities.\\nIf you know you tend to see this problematic material while driving or walking to work, for example, try changing your route.\\n2-6. Avoid negative reinforcement and physical punishment.\\nWe'll often hear the advice to snap a rubber band at our wrist when trying to stop our own bad habits or that we should physically punish our kids if they don't stay away from material we find objectionable, but at least when it comes to watching pornography, you're going to want to stay away from these practices. They work because they cause the person being punished to associate pain, discomfort, shame, and humiliation with whatever they're being punished for. When these feelings are applied to sex, however, they create unhealthy feelings and may even prevent the person from having normal sexual interaction in the future. Avoid the negative reinforcement of any kind of sexual practice as much as possible, as it doesn't teach healthy behaviors and could even lead to addictive tendencies.\\n2-7. Create positive reinforcement.\\nWhether you're trying to keep yourself away from pornography or you're trying to help your family, using positive will be much more effective at creating the behaviors you want to see.\\nFor example, reward your teenage son with extra spending money for very week where he spends less than 5 hours on the computer.\\nYou can give yourself positive reinforcement too: try giving yourself a piece of candy every day that you don't view pornography.\\n2-8. Evaluate the problem.\\nIt's also important to really understand the problem that you're having. Sometimes, viewing pornography might not be as bad as you think it is. You should look at your situation from an outsider perspective and really decide if you want to go to really great lengths to control the situation.\\nFor example, if your son is having trouble with viewing pornography, it might be that this is just a phase. Increased sexual feelings at a young age are normal and pornography might be a safer outlet for releasing those feelings than if he stopped and then went looking for release elsewhere. You might want to just let him be, but at least offer him some advice about why pornography can give you bad ideas about sex and why it's important not to let it control your life. If it's distracting him from schoolwork and friends, you may want to step in.\\nLearn to recognize the signs of addiction. If you believe that porn is interfering with your daily life, it may be a larger problem. Feelings of guilt, lying to hide your usage, dissatisfaction with real life sex, and anger when porn is not acceptable are all potential signs of a larger problem.\\n3. Helping Others\\n3-1. Don't be judgmental.\\nThe first thing you should do when trying to help other people stay away from porn is to stop being judgmental. Do not see or portray the situation in a way that makes them bad for what they do. Sexuality is very normal and human. Even most religions teach that it is not anyone's place to judge their fellow man (but is instead the job of the Creator). It's also bad to judge people because it tends to turn them off from what you're trying to do. Many people that might be open to change will become defensive if you judge them and become even more set in their ways.\\nStay calm when you talk to them and avoid any judgmental language like “Why can't you be more like Michael?” or “Watching pornography will turn you into a pedophile!”. Don't make assumptions about how they think or compare them to other people, since language like this tends to shut people down.\\n3-2. Talk to them about your concerns.\\nThe best place to start is to talk to the person you're concerned about. Tell them why you're concerned. Sometimes, people might not realize that they even have a problem or how their problem might affect other people. If you're open and honest, you'll be much better able to reach them and connect with things that they can understand.\\nSay something like, “Will, I know that this is something that you enjoy, but I'm worried about what it's doing to you. There is so much more to life and so much more that you could be doing right now to make yourself happy, but you're spending all your free time in your room. I want you to get more out of life than just this.”\\n3-3. Help them see how the behavior is hurtful.\\nTalk to them about the negative effects of pornography. Make sure to use lots of different types of evidence and reasoning though Use real-world evidence, logical arguments, emotional arguments, and whatever else you can. Using a combination of argument types will be best if you don't know how the person will think about the problem. Just remember to avoid making them feel guilty. They may already be dealing with shame, and you want to ultimately build an environment of support, not make things worse.\\nFor example, make a logical argument like, “Think about what this is doing to how you think about sex! You're becoming accustomed to being able change who gets you off by just pressing a button. That's going to make it very hard to have a satisfying relationship later in life.”\\n3-4. Give them a new focus.\\nUsing a new behavior or a new activity is the best way to stop an old behavior in its tracks. If you want to help someone to stop looking at porn, give them something else to do instead. You can try:\\nOffering to take a class with them at the local community center. Consider paying for you both to take a cooking class together at the local community center during the time of day you know they're most vulnerable.\\nGive them something to do around the house. Give them a responsibility to take care of around the house. For example, if your son spends a lot of time in his room towards the end of the day, task him with taking the dog for a walk around the neighborhood every day instead.\\n3-5. Plan for failure.\\nThis is a difficult behavior to overcome and it may take time and a few mess ups before things feel right. You need to plan for failure so that both you and the person you're trying to help don't become disappointed with the events that happen. Disappointment can lead to harsh feelings and judgement, which might derail the whole effort. Expect that it will take some work and that a change won't happen overnight. Enlist the help of others to keep you accountable when you don't feel strong enough on your own.\\n3-6. Release your feelings of responsibility.\\nRealize that at the end of the day, you can't be responsible for everything that someone else does. Whoever you're trying to help, they're either already an adult or they're getting to the point where they really just have to make decisions on their own. This is a part of the world that they'll be exposed to one way or the other and they'll need to find their own way to cope with it. You can't control other people and it's not your responsibility to. If they feel negative consequences after you've done what you can to help them, that's their responsibility. You did what you were capable of and no one can ask anything more from you.\\nTips\\nThink of your family and friends, how disappointed they would be to know this is what you're doing with your free time. How would you feel if your son/daughter was watching this sort of material? Even if you don't have children, or they're young, how would you feel if when they were older, they'd be watching porn?\\nDo not register for pornographic sites. Even if you delete a previous account, the site moderator will still have you on file.\\nUse filtered search engines or reputable directories to find the information you need.\\nWarnings\\nDo not follow links in email that is unsolicited. If it is a link you want to visit, copy and paste it into a browser instead of clicking on it. Often spam and phishing email (Identify-and-Resist-Phishing-Bait) will hide script behind their links.\\nToo often, pornography advertisements exist on less-than-reputable sites that host topics related to software piracy, hacking, cracking, and online gambling.\\nDo not guess website addresses. Many pornographic sites have similar addresses of non-pornographic sites. Use a search engine instead.\\nDo not search for ambiguous terms such as \\\"girls,\\\" \\\"pump,\\\" \\\"bagel,\\\" or \\\"pony.\\\" Think carefully before typing a key word search.\\nDo not open attachments in unsolicited emails. To secure against pop-ups and other bad scripts, use a free web-based email service to complete online registrations.\\nAlthough getting help from a spouse is important, you need to think carefully about how and when to break this news. If your spouse doesn't know about your interest in pornography, it may be devastating news.\\nDon't think that the number of days you have abstained is the most important thing. You can abstain for a year or more and still have a relapse. Although you should be encouraged if you've abstained for a long time, you're better off asking yourself: \\\"How far away am I from porn right now?\\\" In other words, beware of complacency.\\nAvoid illegal websites offering keygens, Cracks or illegal software. These websites usually have explicit pornographic banners that might tempt you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Viewing pornography can be an unhealthy habit that puts a strain on your life and your relationships. If you're having trouble giving up pornography, try removing any access you have to the material and find positive ways to stop yourself from being tempted.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Healthier Habits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Replace the bad habit with a good one.\", \"描述\": \"For most people that look at a lot of porn, the impulse is simply a habit. One of the best ways to overcome a bad habit is to replace it with a good habit; you need to give yourself something else to do when you would normally be looking at porn. What that is will depend on who you are, but you can try:\\nExercising. When you reach the time of day when you would normally start looking at porn, go out and get some exercise instead. Go for a jog around your block or do some jumping jacks. You can even do some more involved but fun exercises, like going swimming at your local pool.\\nCleaning your home. You'll probably know the basic things to clean (dishes, laundry, etc) but don't forget about all the cleaning that a lot of people forget about, like cleaning around the toilet and scrubbing the bathtub.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get too busy for porn.\", \"描述\": \"Pornography is easy to fall back on if you've got a lot of free time. By keeping your day booked solid, you'll easily be able to keep yourself away from porn because you'll have too much other stuff to do! Try taking on a new hobby (editing on wikiHow is good), teach yourself a new skill (learning a language is useful and fun), or finding another way to occupy your time (spending more time with your friends and family is always good).\\nFor example, you can begin teaching yourself a new language online using free services like DuoLingo. Learning a new language will help fill up your time and keep you busy (and away from pornography) but it will also help you for the rest of your life too!\\nIf you want to try something away from the computer so that you're not tempted, try martial arts. The Japanese martial art of Aikido is designed for people who might not be all that strong and uses minimal movements to achieve the greatest effect, making it a good one for people who don't have much experience or aren't in very good shape. You can usually find Aikido classes as local community centers, universities, and community dojos.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for guidance and support.\", \"描述\": \"If you're really having trouble getting your habit under control, you should consider seeking guidance from a counselor, spiritual advisor, or community of people who are going through the same thing. Support can come in a number of forms, so look for the one that works best for you.\\nIf you are religious, go to the local place of worship for whatever religion you believe in and ask to talk to a priest, imam, or rabbi. You might need to set up an appointment, but someone should be available to talk to you.\\nYou can also join online communities of people who are trying to beat the same addiction. They can offer support, empathy, and maybe even some techniques that you haven't tried to help keep you accountable.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a better sexual release.\", \"描述\": \"It shouldn't be the first thing you try, but finding another way to get a satisfying sexual release might help you kick your habit. Find a sexual partner that you can be on the same page with about what you expect from your relationship and try to develop a more satisfying sex life. By keeping your sex life varied, mutually satisfying, and fresh, you should kick a lot of your desire to look at pornography.\\nIf you're already in a relationship, do what you can to spice up your sex life with your partner. You'll probably have to make some real effort, but it will be worth it.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Think of all the reasons to stop.\", \"描述\": \"For some people, keeping in mind all the reasons why they should stop is enough to curb the bad behavior. With significant enough motivation, if you can find it, you should be able to control your urges. However, this will work best if you also take into account the reasons you watch porn, to begin with. Generally, it serves to fill in for some unmet need. Find out what porn is filling for you, and you can better think of reasons and ways to quit.\\nConsider the impact on your family. For some people, the effect that their porn habits have on their wives, girlfriends, or the fear of what their children might see is enough to deter them and help them control their habits. The same goes for if you're young and still living with your family. What would your little sister think if she saw what you watch?\\nConsider your own feelings and free time. For some people, it's easier to be motivated knowing the negative impact that pornography has on yourself. Survey's have shown among men who stopped watching porn, 60% saw in increase in their sexual performance. Almost two thirds felt more energetic and productive. Porn can be very time consuming for those with really bad habits, so just imagine what you could do with all that reclaimed time.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get counseling if this problem continues to bother you.\", \"描述\": \"If you really can't control yourself, think about talking to a doctor or psychologist. You may have larger problems that need to be addressed and if this has a negative impact on your life then that alone makes it important enough to deal with.\\nTalk to your family doctor about your problem. Even if they can't help you themselves, they should be able to refer you to someone who can help.\\nYou can also find specialized resources, like Sex Addicts Anonymous. Groups like this one deal specifically with this problem and they will know what you're going through and how to help you.\\nRemember your parents, what will be their reaction when they knew about your bad habit\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Minimizing Temptation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Clean up your computer.\", \"描述\": \"If you find that pornography is ending up on your computer, either willingly or unwillingly, you'll want to start avoiding pornography by cleaning up your computer. You'll want to start by deleting any pornography saved onto the computer itself. After that, there are a few other things you can do, depending on the problem that you're having:\\nClear your browser. Clear your browser's cache, history, as well as your Google search history. If your computer remembers you visiting porn sites (even if it was by accident), it will think you want more porn and display more advertisements for pornography and unsafe sites.\\nCheck for viruses. If you notice that you get porn pop-ups even when you're visiting trusted sites or maybe even as soon as you open your internet browser, you might have a computer virus. Call an expert to get the virus removed and then install anti-virus software that can protect you for the future.\\nBe careful about what search terms you use and websites you visit. Some phrases are frequently attached to pornography and some websites are more likely to give you viruses and lead to pornography. Turn on Google Safe Search to protect from unsafe searches and try to only visit sites that you absolutely trust.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set up an internet censor.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of ways in which you can set up a censor that will keep you and others safe from pornography on the internet. You can block all but a few sites, only sites that are marked for adults, or you can just block certain sites. Choose a method that is right for your needs:\\nUse StayFocused. StayFocused is a browser add-on for Chrome browsers that allows you to control what websites you can access and how much time you can spend on those sites. It's great for policing your own behavior, if you're the one struggling with porn.\\nAlternatively use Stop Procrastinating App that allows you to block internet access or filter websites on all web browsers, not just Chrome. It is impossible to get around and also offers users goal setting options to help them focus psychologically on breaking their addiction.\\nUse Microsoft's built-in content filter. If you're trying to protect your family and you have a Windows Computer, take advantage of Microsoft's built in parental controls. These are powerful controls that you can set to whatever the needs are for your family.\\n\\nSet up OpenDNS to block all objectionable content across all devices in your home. You can set up the OpenDNS software, which is available for free, to block all objectionable content in your household. This is the program frequently used by schools and it functions very well for protecting your family.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cultivate your media.\", \"描述\": \"Certain types of media will be more likely to subject you and other people to objectionable or dangerous material. Because of this, you might want to limit how much you use certain kinds of media. Movies are easy to choose because of their ratings, but TV might be harder to control. Limit the channels you receive and make sure to do your research on a show before deciding if it's right for you and your family. Internet is the hardest of all to regulate, so make use of a censor or significantly limit how much your family uses the internet and where that internet usage happens.\\nFor example, did you know that YouTube has a content filter that can help you protect yourself and your family from adult content on that site? Scroll to the bottom of any YouTube page and you'll see a button that says “Safety: Off”. Click on that and YouTube will be instantly safer!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spend recreational time in a space with your family, rather than alone.\", \"描述\": \"Move any computers in your home into family spaces and keep an open door policy for any private rooms where computers will be staying. This open policy will help keep all family members, yourself included, honest and allow them to better control urges and bad habits.\\nSo, for example, move your son's computer from his bedroom and into a corner of the living room.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Adjust where you spend your time in public.\", \"描述\": \"Certain public spaces may be more prone to displaying offensive material in readily visible places. For every area this will be different, but if you find that you're exposed to the materials while out in public, it might be a good idea to think about how you can change your where your time is spent.\\nFor example, downtown areas and city-outskirts are known for attracting more objectionable material than other parts of cities.\\nIf you know you tend to see this problematic material while driving or walking to work, for example, try changing your route.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoid negative reinforcement and physical punishment.\", \"描述\": \"We'll often hear the advice to snap a rubber band at our wrist when trying to stop our own bad habits or that we should physically punish our kids if they don't stay away from material we find objectionable, but at least when it comes to watching pornography, you're going to want to stay away from these practices. They work because they cause the person being punished to associate pain, discomfort, shame, and humiliation with whatever they're being punished for. When these feelings are applied to sex, however, they create unhealthy feelings and may even prevent the person from having normal sexual interaction in the future. Avoid the negative reinforcement of any kind of sexual practice as much as possible, as it doesn't teach healthy behaviors and could even lead to addictive tendencies.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Create positive reinforcement.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you're trying to keep yourself away from pornography or you're trying to help your family, using positive will be much more effective at creating the behaviors you want to see.\\nFor example, reward your teenage son with extra spending money for very week where he spends less than 5 hours on the computer.\\nYou can give yourself positive reinforcement too: try giving yourself a piece of candy every day that you don't view pornography.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Evaluate the problem.\", \"描述\": \"It's also important to really understand the problem that you're having. Sometimes, viewing pornography might not be as bad as you think it is. You should look at your situation from an outsider perspective and really decide if you want to go to really great lengths to control the situation.\\nFor example, if your son is having trouble with viewing pornography, it might be that this is just a phase. Increased sexual feelings at a young age are normal and pornography might be a safer outlet for releasing those feelings than if he stopped and then went looking for release elsewhere. You might want to just let him be, but at least offer him some advice about why pornography can give you bad ideas about sex and why it's important not to let it control your life. If it's distracting him from schoolwork and friends, you may want to step in.\\nLearn to recognize the signs of addiction. If you believe that porn is interfering with your daily life, it may be a larger problem. Feelings of guilt, lying to hide your usage, dissatisfaction with real life sex, and anger when porn is not acceptable are all potential signs of a larger problem.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Helping Others\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't be judgmental.\", \"描述\": \"The first thing you should do when trying to help other people stay away from porn is to stop being judgmental. Do not see or portray the situation in a way that makes them bad for what they do. Sexuality is very normal and human. Even most religions teach that it is not anyone's place to judge their fellow man (but is instead the job of the Creator). It's also bad to judge people because it tends to turn them off from what you're trying to do. Many people that might be open to change will become defensive if you judge them and become even more set in their ways.\\nStay calm when you talk to them and avoid any judgmental language like “Why can't you be more like Michael?” or “Watching pornography will turn you into a pedophile!”. Don't make assumptions about how they think or compare them to other people, since language like this tends to shut people down.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk to them about your concerns.\", \"描述\": \"The best place to start is to talk to the person you're concerned about. Tell them why you're concerned. Sometimes, people might not realize that they even have a problem or how their problem might affect other people. If you're open and honest, you'll be much better able to reach them and connect with things that they can understand.\\nSay something like, “Will, I know that this is something that you enjoy, but I'm worried about what it's doing to you. There is so much more to life and so much more that you could be doing right now to make yourself happy, but you're spending all your free time in your room. I want you to get more out of life than just this.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Help them see how the behavior is hurtful.\", \"描述\": \"Talk to them about the negative effects of pornography. Make sure to use lots of different types of evidence and reasoning though Use real-world evidence, logical arguments, emotional arguments, and whatever else you can. Using a combination of argument types will be best if you don't know how the person will think about the problem. Just remember to avoid making them feel guilty. They may already be dealing with shame, and you want to ultimately build an environment of support, not make things worse.\\nFor example, make a logical argument like, “Think about what this is doing to how you think about sex! You're becoming accustomed to being able change who gets you off by just pressing a button. That's going to make it very hard to have a satisfying relationship later in life.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Give them a new focus.\", \"描述\": \"Using a new behavior or a new activity is the best way to stop an old behavior in its tracks. If you want to help someone to stop looking at porn, give them something else to do instead. You can try:\\nOffering to take a class with them at the local community center. Consider paying for you both to take a cooking class together at the local community center during the time of day you know they're most vulnerable.\\nGive them something to do around the house. Give them a responsibility to take care of around the house. For example, if your son spends a lot of time in his room towards the end of the day, task him with taking the dog for a walk around the neighborhood every day instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Plan for failure.\", \"描述\": \"This is a difficult behavior to overcome and it may take time and a few mess ups before things feel right. You need to plan for failure so that both you and the person you're trying to help don't become disappointed with the events that happen. Disappointment can lead to harsh feelings and judgement, which might derail the whole effort. Expect that it will take some work and that a change won't happen overnight. Enlist the help of others to keep you accountable when you don't feel strong enough on your own.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Release your feelings of responsibility.\", \"描述\": \"Realize that at the end of the day, you can't be responsible for everything that someone else does. Whoever you're trying to help, they're either already an adult or they're getting to the point where they really just have to make decisions on their own. This is a part of the world that they'll be exposed to one way or the other and they'll need to find their own way to cope with it. You can't control other people and it's not your responsibility to. If they feel negative consequences after you've done what you can to help them, that's their responsibility. You did what you were capable of and no one can ask anything more from you.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Think of your family and friends, how disappointed they would be to know this is what you're doing with your free time. How would you feel if your son/daughter was watching this sort of material? Even if you don't have children, or they're young, how would you feel if when they were older, they'd be watching porn?\\n\", \"Do not register for pornographic sites. Even if you delete a previous account, the site moderator will still have you on file.\\n\", \"Use filtered search engines or reputable directories to find the information you need.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not follow links in email that is unsolicited. If it is a link you want to visit, copy and paste it into a browser instead of clicking on it. Often spam and phishing email (Identify-and-Resist-Phishing-Bait) will hide script behind their links.\\n\", \"Too often, pornography advertisements exist on less-than-reputable sites that host topics related to software piracy, hacking, cracking, and online gambling.\\n\", \"Do not guess website addresses. Many pornographic sites have similar addresses of non-pornographic sites. Use a search engine instead.\\n\", \"Do not search for ambiguous terms such as \\\"girls,\\\" \\\"pump,\\\" \\\"bagel,\\\" or \\\"pony.\\\" Think carefully before typing a key word search.\\n\", \"Do not open attachments in unsolicited emails. To secure against pop-ups and other bad scripts, use a free web-based email service to complete online registrations.\\n\", \"Although getting help from a spouse is important, you need to think carefully about how and when to break this news. If your spouse doesn't know about your interest in pornography, it may be devastating news.\\n\", \"Don't think that the number of days you have abstained is the most important thing. You can abstain for a year or more and still have a relapse. Although you should be encouraged if you've abstained for a long time, you're better off asking yourself: \\\"How far away am I from porn right now?\\\" In other words, beware of complacency.\\n\", \"Avoid illegal websites offering keygens, Cracks or illegal software. These websites usually have explicit pornographic banners that might tempt you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,159 | How to Avoid Predators | 1. Internet Safety for Kids and Teens
1-1. Set your social media pages to private.
Sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter all have different settings that you can use to limit the number of people on your page. Go into these settings and make your profile private to ensure only your followers or your friends can see what you post.
When you make Instagram or Twitter private, you can also monitor who follows you—and decline them as a follower if you don’t know them.
Predators will sometimes look at your profiles online to learn more about you before chatting with you. The less information they can see, the better.
1-2. Keep your full name, address, and phone number to yourself.
If someone online is asking for your personal information, they might not have good intentions. Keep your personal details to yourself to keep yourself safe.
You should only give out your personal info to people you know in real life.
1-3. Use a screen name instead of your real name.
When you create a social media account, try using a nickname or just your first name. That way, predators online won’t be able to learn your full name from just glancing at your profile.
For example, you could make your screen name “Izzy945” instead of Isabella McClain.
1-4. Share your passwords with no one.
Although it might seem like common sense, you should never give out your password to anyone online. If someone is asking for your password, they’re probably going to take control over your account, even if they seem friendly.
Sometimes, fraudulent websites will ask you to log in with your password, too. If you aren’t sure what the website is or why they’d need your password, don’t log in!
1-5. Watch out for grooming behavior.
Grooming is when someone pretends to be your friend, but slowly makes you feel more and more uncomfortable. If you’ve been chatting with someone for a while and they’re slowly starting to push your boundaries (like asking for pictures, sharing sexual content, or sending sexual messages), tell an adult right away.
It can be hard to spot grooming behavior as it happens to you. If you have any questions about messages you’re getting online, talk to a trusted adult.
1-6. Avoid meeting up with people in real life.
If you’ve been chatting with someone online and they suggest meeting up in person, it’s probably not safe. People often lie about who they are on the internet, and it isn’t safe to meet up with someone you only know online.
If someone is pushing you to meet up with them, tell a trusted adult.
Predators will sometimes use tactics where they chat with you for a while and then ask you to meet up. Even if you’ve been talking to someone online for a long time, you don’t know who they actually are, so it’s not safe to meet them in person.
1-7. Be careful when you talk with strangers online.
If someone wants to talk to you and you have no idea who they are, ignore them or be careful. If you don't want to talk to them and they won’t stop messaging you, block them so they can’t contact you anymore.
Online predators will often message people using fake profiles, so look out for social media pages with 0 posts or 0 followers.
1-8. Tell an adult if someone is making you uncomfortable.
You could talk to your parents, a teacher, a counselor, or a family friend. They’ll help you figure out what to do about the messages you're getting.
Sexual messages, harassment, or asking to meet up in person are all things you should tell an adult about.
They can also help you block people who are harassing you or sending unwanted messages.
2. Internet Safety for Parents
2-1. Talk to your child about online predators.
Predators will often use tactics where they make friends with your child before becoming inappropriate. Let your child know that they should be careful when they talk to someone online that they don’t know in real life, especially if they’re older.
You don’t have to scare your child, but you should make them aware of the dangers of the internet.
2-2. Tell your child to absolutely never send pictures to someone they don’t know.
Predators will sometimes ask for innocent pictures at first, then move onto more risque or inappropriate ones. Let your child know that if anyone asks them for photos of themselves, they should log off and tell you right away.
Even sending selfies can be dangerous, since it can let the predator know what your child looks like.
For extra security, consider buying devices that don't include a camera, or disable the webcam on your devices.
2-3. Don't put parental controls on their computer.
While kids do spend a lot of time on the internet, you can, as a parent, shouldn't invade their privacy. It can cause them to be more secretive about their devices. Tell them that if any time someone is bothering them, to tell you and that you can help. You can keep the computer in the living room where you can see what your child is doing.
Bark, Qustodio, Net Nanny, and Kaspersky Safe Kids are all types of downloadable parental control software.
If your child is older that age 9, they shouldn't be monitored at all. Tell them about the dangers of online predators so they can make good decisions on their own.
2-4. Tell your child to come to you with any problems.
Children can be secretive about their online activities if they don’t feel comfortable talking to you about them. Let your child know that they can tell you about anything that makes them feel uncomfortable and that they won’t get in trouble if they do.
This is a good way to build trust between you and your child.
2-5. Teach your child about healthy online relationships.
Make sure your child knows the difference between chatting with friends and flirting with strangers. Ask them to be careful when talking to strangers online.
You don’t need to scare your child, but you can warn them about the dangers of talking to people they don't know. Make sure they be careful.
3. In Person Safety Tips
3-1. Walk away if a stranger offers you anything.
Predators might approach you with a piece of candy, a fun toy, or even a puppy. If someone wants to give you something and you don’t know who they are, get away from them as fast as you can.
Predators might also approach you to ask for help, like finding their lost dog.
3-2. Run away if a car pulls up to offer you a ride.
If you’re walking out in public and a car pulls up to offer you a ride, keep walking. If the person inside the car insists on giving you a ride, run away as fast as you can.
Try to get to a more public place with lots of people around.
If you have a cell phone, call for help right away.
3-3. Keep the door shut if you’re home alone.
Chances are, whoever’s knocking probably needs to talk to an adult anyway! Don’t answer the door unless your parents are home to avoid a scary situation.
You should also avoid telling anyone that you’re home alone, just in case.
3-4. Tell someone if anyone asks you to keep a bad secret.
Secrets about eating dessert before dinner are harmless and fun. But secrets about sexual acts or inappropriate behaviors aren’t okay, and you should tell a trusted adult about them.
Even if you think you might get in trouble, you should still talk to a trusted adult about any secrets that make you feel uncomfortable.
3-5. Walk away if anyone makes you feel uncomfortable.
This includes family members, relatives, and strangers. If you ever feel weird about a conversation or an interaction with someone, say “no,” walk away, and tell a trusted adult.
You always have the right to say no to someone, even if they’re an adult.
Always trust your gut. If something makes you feel even a little uneasy, try to exit the situation as soon as possible.
3-6. Talk to a trusted adult if anything makes you feel uncomfortable.
They can help you figure out what’s okay and what’s not okay. Reach out to your parents, an older sibling, a teacher, or a guidance counselor.
Someone touching you inappropriately or someone asking you to keep secrets about something sexual are things you should definitely tell an adult.
If you’re a parent, let your child know that they can always come to you with any questions or concerns.
Tips
If you have children, talk to them about the dangers of predators both online and in person.
Trust your instincts. If something feels off, it probably is.
Warnings
Report any illegal activity to the authorities right away.
Your children might not trust you if you put parental controls on your computer
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Internet Safety for Kids and Teens\\n1-1. Set your social media pages to private.\\nSites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter all have different settings that you can use to limit the number of people on your page. Go into these settings and make your profile private to ensure only your followers or your friends can see what you post.\\nWhen you make Instagram or Twitter private, you can also monitor who follows you—and decline them as a follower if you don’t know them.\\nPredators will sometimes look at your profiles online to learn more about you before chatting with you. The less information they can see, the better.\\n1-2. Keep your full name, address, and phone number to yourself.\\nIf someone online is asking for your personal information, they might not have good intentions. Keep your personal details to yourself to keep yourself safe.\\nYou should only give out your personal info to people you know in real life.\\n1-3. Use a screen name instead of your real name.\\nWhen you create a social media account, try using a nickname or just your first name. That way, predators online won’t be able to learn your full name from just glancing at your profile.\\nFor example, you could make your screen name “Izzy945” instead of Isabella McClain.\\n1-4. Share your passwords with no one.\\nAlthough it might seem like common sense, you should never give out your password to anyone online. If someone is asking for your password, they’re probably going to take control over your account, even if they seem friendly.\\nSometimes, fraudulent websites will ask you to log in with your password, too. If you aren’t sure what the website is or why they’d need your password, don’t log in!\\n1-5. Watch out for grooming behavior.\\nGrooming is when someone pretends to be your friend, but slowly makes you feel more and more uncomfortable. If you’ve been chatting with someone for a while and they’re slowly starting to push your boundaries (like asking for pictures, sharing sexual content, or sending sexual messages), tell an adult right away.\\nIt can be hard to spot grooming behavior as it happens to you. If you have any questions about messages you’re getting online, talk to a trusted adult.\\n1-6. Avoid meeting up with people in real life.\\nIf you’ve been chatting with someone online and they suggest meeting up in person, it’s probably not safe. People often lie about who they are on the internet, and it isn’t safe to meet up with someone you only know online.\\nIf someone is pushing you to meet up with them, tell a trusted adult.\\nPredators will sometimes use tactics where they chat with you for a while and then ask you to meet up. Even if you’ve been talking to someone online for a long time, you don’t know who they actually are, so it’s not safe to meet them in person.\\n1-7. Be careful when you talk with strangers online.\\nIf someone wants to talk to you and you have no idea who they are, ignore them or be careful. If you don't want to talk to them and they won’t stop messaging you, block them so they can’t contact you anymore.\\nOnline predators will often message people using fake profiles, so look out for social media pages with 0 posts or 0 followers.\\n1-8. Tell an adult if someone is making you uncomfortable.\\nYou could talk to your parents, a teacher, a counselor, or a family friend. They’ll help you figure out what to do about the messages you're getting.\\nSexual messages, harassment, or asking to meet up in person are all things you should tell an adult about.\\nThey can also help you block people who are harassing you or sending unwanted messages.\\n2. Internet Safety for Parents\\n2-1. Talk to your child about online predators.\\nPredators will often use tactics where they make friends with your child before becoming inappropriate. Let your child know that they should be careful when they talk to someone online that they don’t know in real life, especially if they’re older.\\nYou don’t have to scare your child, but you should make them aware of the dangers of the internet.\\n2-2. Tell your child to absolutely never send pictures to someone they don’t know.\\nPredators will sometimes ask for innocent pictures at first, then move onto more risque or inappropriate ones. Let your child know that if anyone asks them for photos of themselves, they should log off and tell you right away.\\nEven sending selfies can be dangerous, since it can let the predator know what your child looks like.\\nFor extra security, consider buying devices that don't include a camera, or disable the webcam on your devices.\\n2-3. Don't put parental controls on their computer.\\nWhile kids do spend a lot of time on the internet, you can, as a parent, shouldn't invade their privacy. It can cause them to be more secretive about their devices. Tell them that if any time someone is bothering them, to tell you and that you can help. You can keep the computer in the living room where you can see what your child is doing.\\nBark, Qustodio, Net Nanny, and Kaspersky Safe Kids are all types of downloadable parental control software.\\nIf your child is older that age 9, they shouldn't be monitored at all. Tell them about the dangers of online predators so they can make good decisions on their own.\\n2-4. Tell your child to come to you with any problems.\\nChildren can be secretive about their online activities if they don’t feel comfortable talking to you about them. Let your child know that they can tell you about anything that makes them feel uncomfortable and that they won’t get in trouble if they do.\\nThis is a good way to build trust between you and your child.\\n2-5. Teach your child about healthy online relationships.\\nMake sure your child knows the difference between chatting with friends and flirting with strangers. Ask them to be careful when talking to strangers online.\\nYou don’t need to scare your child, but you can warn them about the dangers of talking to people they don't know. Make sure they be careful.\\n3. In Person Safety Tips\\n3-1. Walk away if a stranger offers you anything.\\nPredators might approach you with a piece of candy, a fun toy, or even a puppy. If someone wants to give you something and you don’t know who they are, get away from them as fast as you can.\\nPredators might also approach you to ask for help, like finding their lost dog.\\n3-2. Run away if a car pulls up to offer you a ride.\\nIf you’re walking out in public and a car pulls up to offer you a ride, keep walking. If the person inside the car insists on giving you a ride, run away as fast as you can.\\nTry to get to a more public place with lots of people around.\\nIf you have a cell phone, call for help right away.\\n3-3. Keep the door shut if you’re home alone.\\nChances are, whoever’s knocking probably needs to talk to an adult anyway! Don’t answer the door unless your parents are home to avoid a scary situation.\\nYou should also avoid telling anyone that you’re home alone, just in case.\\n3-4. Tell someone if anyone asks you to keep a bad secret.\\nSecrets about eating dessert before dinner are harmless and fun. But secrets about sexual acts or inappropriate behaviors aren’t okay, and you should tell a trusted adult about them.\\nEven if you think you might get in trouble, you should still talk to a trusted adult about any secrets that make you feel uncomfortable.\\n3-5. Walk away if anyone makes you feel uncomfortable.\\nThis includes family members, relatives, and strangers. If you ever feel weird about a conversation or an interaction with someone, say “no,” walk away, and tell a trusted adult.\\nYou always have the right to say no to someone, even if they’re an adult.\\nAlways trust your gut. If something makes you feel even a little uneasy, try to exit the situation as soon as possible.\\n3-6. Talk to a trusted adult if anything makes you feel uncomfortable.\\nThey can help you figure out what’s okay and what’s not okay. Reach out to your parents, an older sibling, a teacher, or a guidance counselor.\\nSomeone touching you inappropriately or someone asking you to keep secrets about something sexual are things you should definitely tell an adult.\\nIf you’re a parent, let your child know that they can always come to you with any questions or concerns.\\nTips\\nIf you have children, talk to them about the dangers of predators both online and in person.\\nTrust your instincts. If something feels off, it probably is.\\nWarnings\\nReport any illegal activity to the authorities right away.\\nYour children might not trust you if you put parental controls on your computer\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Predators can be lurking online or in the streets, but that doesn’t mean you have to be scared all the time. By learning a few basic safety rules, you can stay safe while you surf the internet or walk home from school. If you’re a parent, make sure you talk to your kids about setting boundaries and exiting uncomfortable situations so they know what to do if and when the time comes.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Internet Safety for Kids and Teens\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set your social media pages to private.\", \"描述\": \"Sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter all have different settings that you can use to limit the number of people on your page. Go into these settings and make your profile private to ensure only your followers or your friends can see what you post.\\nWhen you make Instagram or Twitter private, you can also monitor who follows you—and decline them as a follower if you don’t know them.\\nPredators will sometimes look at your profiles online to learn more about you before chatting with you. The less information they can see, the better.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep your full name, address, and phone number to yourself.\", \"描述\": \"If someone online is asking for your personal information, they might not have good intentions. Keep your personal details to yourself to keep yourself safe.\\nYou should only give out your personal info to people you know in real life.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a screen name instead of your real name.\", \"描述\": \"When you create a social media account, try using a nickname or just your first name. That way, predators online won’t be able to learn your full name from just glancing at your profile.\\nFor example, you could make your screen name “Izzy945” instead of Isabella McClain.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Share your passwords with no one.\", \"描述\": \"Although it might seem like common sense, you should never give out your password to anyone online. If someone is asking for your password, they’re probably going to take control over your account, even if they seem friendly.\\nSometimes, fraudulent websites will ask you to log in with your password, too. If you aren’t sure what the website is or why they’d need your password, don’t log in!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Watch out for grooming behavior.\", \"描述\": \"Grooming is when someone pretends to be your friend, but slowly makes you feel more and more uncomfortable. If you’ve been chatting with someone for a while and they’re slowly starting to push your boundaries (like asking for pictures, sharing sexual content, or sending sexual messages), tell an adult right away.\\nIt can be hard to spot grooming behavior as it happens to you. If you have any questions about messages you’re getting online, talk to a trusted adult.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoid meeting up with people in real life.\", \"描述\": \"If you’ve been chatting with someone online and they suggest meeting up in person, it’s probably not safe. People often lie about who they are on the internet, and it isn’t safe to meet up with someone you only know online.\\nIf someone is pushing you to meet up with them, tell a trusted adult.\\nPredators will sometimes use tactics where they chat with you for a while and then ask you to meet up. Even if you’ve been talking to someone online for a long time, you don’t know who they actually are, so it’s not safe to meet them in person.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be careful when you talk with strangers online.\", \"描述\": \"If someone wants to talk to you and you have no idea who they are, ignore them or be careful. If you don't want to talk to them and they won’t stop messaging you, block them so they can’t contact you anymore.\\nOnline predators will often message people using fake profiles, so look out for social media pages with 0 posts or 0 followers.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Tell an adult if someone is making you uncomfortable.\", \"描述\": \"You could talk to your parents, a teacher, a counselor, or a family friend. They’ll help you figure out what to do about the messages you're getting.\\nSexual messages, harassment, or asking to meet up in person are all things you should tell an adult about.\\nThey can also help you block people who are harassing you or sending unwanted messages.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Internet Safety for Parents\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to your child about online predators.\", \"描述\": \"Predators will often use tactics where they make friends with your child before becoming inappropriate. Let your child know that they should be careful when they talk to someone online that they don’t know in real life, especially if they’re older.\\nYou don’t have to scare your child, but you should make them aware of the dangers of the internet.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tell your child to absolutely never send pictures to someone they don’t know.\", \"描述\": \"Predators will sometimes ask for innocent pictures at first, then move onto more risque or inappropriate ones. Let your child know that if anyone asks them for photos of themselves, they should log off and tell you right away.\\nEven sending selfies can be dangerous, since it can let the predator know what your child looks like.\\nFor extra security, consider buying devices that don't include a camera, or disable the webcam on your devices.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't put parental controls on their computer.\", \"描述\": \"While kids do spend a lot of time on the internet, you can, as a parent, shouldn't invade their privacy. It can cause them to be more secretive about their devices. Tell them that if any time someone is bothering them, to tell you and that you can help. You can keep the computer in the living room where you can see what your child is doing.\\nBark, Qustodio, Net Nanny, and Kaspersky Safe Kids are all types of downloadable parental control software.\\nIf your child is older that age 9, they shouldn't be monitored at all. Tell them about the dangers of online predators so they can make good decisions on their own.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tell your child to come to you with any problems.\", \"描述\": \"Children can be secretive about their online activities if they don’t feel comfortable talking to you about them. Let your child know that they can tell you about anything that makes them feel uncomfortable and that they won’t get in trouble if they do.\\nThis is a good way to build trust between you and your child.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Teach your child about healthy online relationships.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure your child knows the difference between chatting with friends and flirting with strangers. Ask them to be careful when talking to strangers online.\\nYou don’t need to scare your child, but you can warn them about the dangers of talking to people they don't know. Make sure they be careful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"In Person Safety Tips\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Walk away if a stranger offers you anything.\", \"描述\": \"Predators might approach you with a piece of candy, a fun toy, or even a puppy. If someone wants to give you something and you don’t know who they are, get away from them as fast as you can.\\nPredators might also approach you to ask for help, like finding their lost dog.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Run away if a car pulls up to offer you a ride.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re walking out in public and a car pulls up to offer you a ride, keep walking. If the person inside the car insists on giving you a ride, run away as fast as you can.\\nTry to get to a more public place with lots of people around.\\nIf you have a cell phone, call for help right away.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep the door shut if you’re home alone.\", \"描述\": \"Chances are, whoever’s knocking probably needs to talk to an adult anyway! Don’t answer the door unless your parents are home to avoid a scary situation.\\nYou should also avoid telling anyone that you’re home alone, just in case.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tell someone if anyone asks you to keep a bad secret.\", \"描述\": \"Secrets about eating dessert before dinner are harmless and fun. But secrets about sexual acts or inappropriate behaviors aren’t okay, and you should tell a trusted adult about them.\\nEven if you think you might get in trouble, you should still talk to a trusted adult about any secrets that make you feel uncomfortable.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Walk away if anyone makes you feel uncomfortable.\", \"描述\": \"This includes family members, relatives, and strangers. If you ever feel weird about a conversation or an interaction with someone, say “no,” walk away, and tell a trusted adult.\\nYou always have the right to say no to someone, even if they’re an adult.\\nAlways trust your gut. If something makes you feel even a little uneasy, try to exit the situation as soon as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Talk to a trusted adult if anything makes you feel uncomfortable.\", \"描述\": \"They can help you figure out what’s okay and what’s not okay. Reach out to your parents, an older sibling, a teacher, or a guidance counselor.\\nSomeone touching you inappropriately or someone asking you to keep secrets about something sexual are things you should definitely tell an adult.\\nIf you’re a parent, let your child know that they can always come to you with any questions or concerns.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you have children, talk to them about the dangers of predators both online and in person.\\n\", \"Trust your instincts. If something feels off, it probably is.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Report any illegal activity to the authorities right away.\\n\", \"Your children might not trust you if you put parental controls on your computer\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,160 | How to Avoid Pregnancy Naturally | 1. Monitoring Your Basal Body Temperature
1-1. Buy a basal thermometer so you can get a precise temperature reading.
Your basal body temperature is your lowest temperature over a period of 24 hours. Your body experiences a slight rise in temperature just after ovulation, and monitoring your basal body temperature over time can help indicate when your peak fertility window is about to begin. Basal body thermometers look basically the same as regular thermometers, but they give more precise readings. They’re available in drugstores and should come with a chart to help you track your temperature every day.
A regular thermometer that you might use to check a fever won’t give you exact enough measurements to be helpful. A basal body thermometer measures your temperature’s changes in small increments.
1-2. Take your basal body temperature at the same time every morning.
The most accurate way to track your temperature is to take it right when you wake up before you get out of bed and start moving around. Keep the thermometer by your bed and make it a habit to take your temperature first thing in the morning.
Most basal body thermometers give you the option of taking your temperature in your mouth or your vagina. Usually, taking your vaginal temperature will give you the most accurate reading from day to day. Whichever way you choose, do it the same way every day to ensure your readings are as consistent as possible.
Follow the instructions that came with your thermometer. Generally, you’ll turn on the thermometer and insert it in your vagina or mouth. When you hear it beep, after about 30-60 seconds, remove the thermometer and check the temperature reading.
Make sure to sanitize your thermometer after each use. Either wash it with soap and water or wipe it down with a disinfectant.
1-3. Track your temperature every day so you can see when it tends to change.
Use the calendar that came with your thermometer, or track it in an app on your phone. Make sure to record the date as well as the exact temperature so you have the best data to help you understand your fertility window better.
Period Tracker, Flo, Eve, Cycles, Ovia, and other apps help you track your period and give you space to write down other daily details, like your temperature, mood, and other symptoms.
1-4. Look for a small spike in temperature that lasts 3 days.
After you ovulate, your temperature will increase a little bit for about 3-4 days. This is a small change, which is why it’s so important to have the most precise temperature readings. Look for an increase of about 0.4-1 degree Fahrenheit (0.7-1.8 degrees Celsius). Chances are, your fertility window has ended.
It can take a while to get a good understanding of your basal body temperature, but stick with it! Especially when used along with other tracking methods, it can be a very accurate indicator of fertility so you know when to abstain from sex.
1-5. Keep track for a minimum of 3 months to understand your body’s pattern.
Until you’ve taken your temperature consistently for a few months, you shouldn’t rely on this method for pregnancy prevention. If your cycle is regular, 3 months’ worth of data should be enough to help you predict your fertility window in the following months.
If your cycle tends to be irregular, you may need to take your temperature for 6 months or more before you can rely on the patterns that emerge.
Illness, stress, alcohol, lack of sleep, and other factors can also affect your body temperature. That’s why it’s a good idea to use this method with other tracking methods to back yourself up in case your temperature pattern is thrown off for some reason.
Accurate data is super important to this method. Be consistent with taking your temperature every single day and keeping track of your findings. If you miss a few days each month, it could really throw off your understanding of your body and make it less likely to effectively prevent pregnancy.
1-6. Avoid sex during your ovulation and fertility window to prevent pregnancy.
After 3 or more months of tracking your temperature every day, you can use your findings to try to anticipate when you’ll ovulate next. For the most effective results, use your basal temperature along with tracking your cycle and observing your cervical mucus. Interpret the data in this way:
Look at your chart and find the day when your regular spike in temperature happens each month.
On a calendar, mark the 2 or 3 days before this temperature spike as the days when you’re likely to ovulate. Remember, your temperature doesn’t increase until 2-3 days after ovulation.
Avoid having unprotected sex for at least 5 days before ovulation is supposed to begin, up through ovulation day.
2. Checking Your Cervical Mucus
2-1. Begin checking your cervical mucus once your period has tapered off.
Cervical mucus changes in texture, color, and smell throughout your cycle. By checking it every day, you can use the patterns you find to predict when your body is fertile.
Though the exact days can differ for each woman, you will tend to ovulate between day 11-21 of your monthly cycle, each cycle starting at day 1 when your period begins.
2-2. Check your mucus at the same time every morning to test its consistency.
Wash your hands first, then gently insert your middle finger into your vagina. You may want to swipe your finger from front to back to check for mucus.
After your period, you’ll most likely notice that you don’t have any discharge and your vagina may be drier than usual.
If you’re using this method in conjunction with your basal body temperature, try to do them at the same time in the morning so it’s easier to keep track of things.
2-3. Observe your mucus until it begins to get thin and stretchy.
Every day as you check your mucus, look at it and press it to your thumb to check its texture. As your hormones fluctuate, the characteristics of the mucus will change, too. During the days following your period, you may have no discharge, then slightly cloudy or creamy discharge. Once it takes on the consistency of egg whites, you’ll be at peak-fertility level and have a high chance on getting pregnant.
When you’re most fertile, the discharge may even stretch between your fingers without breaking.
Ovulation occurs on or after the last day this mucus is produced.
Keep in mind that you can still get pregnant during the 5 or so days before you ovulate, so even if your discharge doesn’t quite have an egg-white texture yet, you are still somewhat fertile.
2-4. Keep a written record of your mucus so you can track your body’s pattern.
Every single day, write down the color and texture of your mucus. If you’re also tracking your basal body temperature, use the same calendar so you have all the data in the same place. Don’t forget to record the date, too! Here are some examples of detailed entries you might write:
4/22: Mucus is tacky and white.
4/26: Mucus is whitish and runny, like egg whites.
4/31: Period started; heavy flow.
2-5. Avoid unprotected sex when your mucus changes from tacky to creamy.
You’re most fertile when your mucus has the consistency of stretchy egg whites, but err on the safe side by avoiding sex for a few days before and after your mucus takes on these qualities. After tracking your patterns for a few months, you’ll start to better predict when you’ll be fertile each month.
If you’re tracking your basal body temperature, compare the data. Your mucus will probably turn stretchy and wet several days before your body temperature spikes. Ovulation typically happens between the change in mucus and your temperature spike.
3. Tracking Your Cycle on a Calendar
3-1. Mark the active days of your period on a calendar each month.
Most women with regular periods have a cycle that lasts between 26-32 days, although some women may have shorter or longer cycles. Day 1 of your cycle will be the day menstruation starts.
Your cycle may vary a little from month to month. Stress, illness, weight loss or gain, and other factors could impact your cycle.
3-2. Track your period for 8-12 months for the best predictability.
Mark each day of your period on your calendar with a dot or a circle or some other way to identify it. At the end of each cycle when your period begins again, count the number of days your cycle lasted.
Because each cycle can vary a little bit, it will take a little longer to gather enough data to predict your fertility window.
If your period is unpredictable or skips some months, consider seeing your doctor to determine if anything else is going on.
3-3. Use the monthly patterns to predict when you’ll be fertile.
First, take the shortest cycle you’ve ever tracked. Subtract 18 from the number of days that cycle lasted, and write down that number. Next, take your longest cycle recorded and subtract 11 from that number and write it down. Your fertility window is between those 2 numbers of each cycle. For example:
If your shortest cycle was 26 days, 26-18=8. If your longest cycle was 30 days, 30-11=19. This means your fertility window is between the 8th and 19th of each monthly cycle. The 5 days preceding ovulation and the 24 hours of ovulation are your most fertile.
3-4. Avoid having unprotected sex during your fertile window each month.
Especially if you’re using only this method, it’ll be important that you either abstain from sex or use another form of protection during this time. This method is really best used to help reinforce the patterns you recognize from the other methods.
There are too many factors that can affect the length of your cycle for this method to be completely reliable on its own.
If you experience irregular periods, this method may not provide useful information.
4. Seeking Medical Care
4-1. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about birth control.
Choosing the right birth control is a big decision, and it can sometimes feel overwhelming. Fortunately, your doctor is there to help and you can change your mind whenever you like. Ask your doctor about the risks and benefits of different birth control options.
Don’t let anyone pressure you into doing something you don’t want to do. It’s your body, and you get to control how you practice birth control, whether that’s with a pill, a shot, contraceptives, natural planning, or some other method.
4-2. Check with your doctor if you have irregular menstrual cycles.
Natural family planning counts on your cycles being regular. If you have irregular cycles, your ovulation day likely varies each month. Talk to your doctor to find out if you need to be concerned about this. They can help you figure out how you can make natural family planning work for you.
It's possible that your doctor will recommend a different birth control method if your cycles are very irregular.
4-3. See your doctor if you notice signs of pregnancy.
While natural family planning can help you avoid pregnancy, sometimes it fails. If you accidentally have sex during your fertile window, you may become pregnant. Be aware of the early symptoms of pregnancy and see your doctor immediately if you notice the following signs:
Missed period
Nausea
Vomiting
Tender or swollen breasts
Increased urination
Fatigue
Moodiness
Tips
If you get behind on tracking, use another form of protection to prevent pregnancy.[17]
X
Research source
During peak fertility, you may also notice changes to your skin, mood, breasts, or sex drive. These alone aren’t enough to predict fertility, but they can be helpful to pay attention to as you track things.
If you have sex during a time you think you may have been fertile, you can take an emergency contraceptive pill up to 3-5 days following sex, depending on which type of pill you choose.
Warnings
Natural family planning does not protect against STDs. For STD protection, use condoms.
These methods are most effective when they’re all used together. Individually, they have lower rates of successfully preventing pregnancy.[18]
X
Trustworthy Source
National Health Service (UK)
Public healthcare system of the UK
Go to source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Monitoring Your Basal Body Temperature\\n1-1. Buy a basal thermometer so you can get a precise temperature reading.\\nYour basal body temperature is your lowest temperature over a period of 24 hours. Your body experiences a slight rise in temperature just after ovulation, and monitoring your basal body temperature over time can help indicate when your peak fertility window is about to begin. Basal body thermometers look basically the same as regular thermometers, but they give more precise readings. They’re available in drugstores and should come with a chart to help you track your temperature every day.\\nA regular thermometer that you might use to check a fever won’t give you exact enough measurements to be helpful. A basal body thermometer measures your temperature’s changes in small increments.\\n1-2. Take your basal body temperature at the same time every morning.\\nThe most accurate way to track your temperature is to take it right when you wake up before you get out of bed and start moving around. Keep the thermometer by your bed and make it a habit to take your temperature first thing in the morning.\\nMost basal body thermometers give you the option of taking your temperature in your mouth or your vagina. Usually, taking your vaginal temperature will give you the most accurate reading from day to day. Whichever way you choose, do it the same way every day to ensure your readings are as consistent as possible.\\nFollow the instructions that came with your thermometer. Generally, you’ll turn on the thermometer and insert it in your vagina or mouth. When you hear it beep, after about 30-60 seconds, remove the thermometer and check the temperature reading.\\nMake sure to sanitize your thermometer after each use. Either wash it with soap and water or wipe it down with a disinfectant.\\n1-3. Track your temperature every day so you can see when it tends to change.\\nUse the calendar that came with your thermometer, or track it in an app on your phone. Make sure to record the date as well as the exact temperature so you have the best data to help you understand your fertility window better. \\nPeriod Tracker, Flo, Eve, Cycles, Ovia, and other apps help you track your period and give you space to write down other daily details, like your temperature, mood, and other symptoms.\\n1-4. Look for a small spike in temperature that lasts 3 days.\\nAfter you ovulate, your temperature will increase a little bit for about 3-4 days. This is a small change, which is why it’s so important to have the most precise temperature readings. Look for an increase of about 0.4-1 degree Fahrenheit (0.7-1.8 degrees Celsius). Chances are, your fertility window has ended.\\nIt can take a while to get a good understanding of your basal body temperature, but stick with it! Especially when used along with other tracking methods, it can be a very accurate indicator of fertility so you know when to abstain from sex.\\n1-5. Keep track for a minimum of 3 months to understand your body’s pattern.\\nUntil you’ve taken your temperature consistently for a few months, you shouldn’t rely on this method for pregnancy prevention. If your cycle is regular, 3 months’ worth of data should be enough to help you predict your fertility window in the following months. \\nIf your cycle tends to be irregular, you may need to take your temperature for 6 months or more before you can rely on the patterns that emerge.\\nIllness, stress, alcohol, lack of sleep, and other factors can also affect your body temperature. That’s why it’s a good idea to use this method with other tracking methods to back yourself up in case your temperature pattern is thrown off for some reason.\\nAccurate data is super important to this method. Be consistent with taking your temperature every single day and keeping track of your findings. If you miss a few days each month, it could really throw off your understanding of your body and make it less likely to effectively prevent pregnancy.\\n1-6. Avoid sex during your ovulation and fertility window to prevent pregnancy.\\nAfter 3 or more months of tracking your temperature every day, you can use your findings to try to anticipate when you’ll ovulate next. For the most effective results, use your basal temperature along with tracking your cycle and observing your cervical mucus. Interpret the data in this way:\\nLook at your chart and find the day when your regular spike in temperature happens each month.\\nOn a calendar, mark the 2 or 3 days before this temperature spike as the days when you’re likely to ovulate. Remember, your temperature doesn’t increase until 2-3 days after ovulation.\\nAvoid having unprotected sex for at least 5 days before ovulation is supposed to begin, up through ovulation day.\\n2. Checking Your Cervical Mucus\\n2-1. Begin checking your cervical mucus once your period has tapered off.\\nCervical mucus changes in texture, color, and smell throughout your cycle. By checking it every day, you can use the patterns you find to predict when your body is fertile. \\nThough the exact days can differ for each woman, you will tend to ovulate between day 11-21 of your monthly cycle, each cycle starting at day 1 when your period begins.\\n2-2. Check your mucus at the same time every morning to test its consistency.\\nWash your hands first, then gently insert your middle finger into your vagina. You may want to swipe your finger from front to back to check for mucus.\\nAfter your period, you’ll most likely notice that you don’t have any discharge and your vagina may be drier than usual.\\nIf you’re using this method in conjunction with your basal body temperature, try to do them at the same time in the morning so it’s easier to keep track of things.\\n2-3. Observe your mucus until it begins to get thin and stretchy.\\nEvery day as you check your mucus, look at it and press it to your thumb to check its texture. As your hormones fluctuate, the characteristics of the mucus will change, too. During the days following your period, you may have no discharge, then slightly cloudy or creamy discharge. Once it takes on the consistency of egg whites, you’ll be at peak-fertility level and have a high chance on getting pregnant. \\nWhen you’re most fertile, the discharge may even stretch between your fingers without breaking.\\nOvulation occurs on or after the last day this mucus is produced.\\nKeep in mind that you can still get pregnant during the 5 or so days before you ovulate, so even if your discharge doesn’t quite have an egg-white texture yet, you are still somewhat fertile.\\n2-4. Keep a written record of your mucus so you can track your body’s pattern.\\nEvery single day, write down the color and texture of your mucus. If you’re also tracking your basal body temperature, use the same calendar so you have all the data in the same place. Don’t forget to record the date, too! Here are some examples of detailed entries you might write:\\n4/22: Mucus is tacky and white.\\n4/26: Mucus is whitish and runny, like egg whites.\\n4/31: Period started; heavy flow.\\n2-5. Avoid unprotected sex when your mucus changes from tacky to creamy.\\nYou’re most fertile when your mucus has the consistency of stretchy egg whites, but err on the safe side by avoiding sex for a few days before and after your mucus takes on these qualities. After tracking your patterns for a few months, you’ll start to better predict when you’ll be fertile each month. \\nIf you’re tracking your basal body temperature, compare the data. Your mucus will probably turn stretchy and wet several days before your body temperature spikes. Ovulation typically happens between the change in mucus and your temperature spike.\\n3. Tracking Your Cycle on a Calendar\\n3-1. Mark the active days of your period on a calendar each month.\\nMost women with regular periods have a cycle that lasts between 26-32 days, although some women may have shorter or longer cycles. Day 1 of your cycle will be the day menstruation starts.\\nYour cycle may vary a little from month to month. Stress, illness, weight loss or gain, and other factors could impact your cycle.\\n3-2. Track your period for 8-12 months for the best predictability.\\nMark each day of your period on your calendar with a dot or a circle or some other way to identify it. At the end of each cycle when your period begins again, count the number of days your cycle lasted.\\nBecause each cycle can vary a little bit, it will take a little longer to gather enough data to predict your fertility window.\\nIf your period is unpredictable or skips some months, consider seeing your doctor to determine if anything else is going on.\\n3-3. Use the monthly patterns to predict when you’ll be fertile.\\nFirst, take the shortest cycle you’ve ever tracked. Subtract 18 from the number of days that cycle lasted, and write down that number. Next, take your longest cycle recorded and subtract 11 from that number and write it down. Your fertility window is between those 2 numbers of each cycle. For example:\\nIf your shortest cycle was 26 days, 26-18=8. If your longest cycle was 30 days, 30-11=19. This means your fertility window is between the 8th and 19th of each monthly cycle. The 5 days preceding ovulation and the 24 hours of ovulation are your most fertile.\\n3-4. Avoid having unprotected sex during your fertile window each month.\\nEspecially if you’re using only this method, it’ll be important that you either abstain from sex or use another form of protection during this time. This method is really best used to help reinforce the patterns you recognize from the other methods.\\nThere are too many factors that can affect the length of your cycle for this method to be completely reliable on its own.\\nIf you experience irregular periods, this method may not provide useful information.\\n4. Seeking Medical Care\\n4-1. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about birth control.\\nChoosing the right birth control is a big decision, and it can sometimes feel overwhelming. Fortunately, your doctor is there to help and you can change your mind whenever you like. Ask your doctor about the risks and benefits of different birth control options.\\nDon’t let anyone pressure you into doing something you don’t want to do. It’s your body, and you get to control how you practice birth control, whether that’s with a pill, a shot, contraceptives, natural planning, or some other method.\\n4-2. Check with your doctor if you have irregular menstrual cycles.\\nNatural family planning counts on your cycles being regular. If you have irregular cycles, your ovulation day likely varies each month. Talk to your doctor to find out if you need to be concerned about this. They can help you figure out how you can make natural family planning work for you.\\nIt's possible that your doctor will recommend a different birth control method if your cycles are very irregular.\\n4-3. See your doctor if you notice signs of pregnancy.\\nWhile natural family planning can help you avoid pregnancy, sometimes it fails. If you accidentally have sex during your fertile window, you may become pregnant. Be aware of the early symptoms of pregnancy and see your doctor immediately if you notice the following signs:\\nMissed period\\nNausea\\nVomiting\\nTender or swollen breasts\\nIncreased urination\\nFatigue\\nMoodiness\\nTips\\nIf you get behind on tracking, use another form of protection to prevent pregnancy.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDuring peak fertility, you may also notice changes to your skin, mood, breasts, or sex drive. These alone aren’t enough to predict fertility, but they can be helpful to pay attention to as you track things.\\nIf you have sex during a time you think you may have been fertile, you can take an emergency contraceptive pill up to 3-5 days following sex, depending on which type of pill you choose.\\nWarnings\\nNatural family planning does not protect against STDs. For STD protection, use condoms.\\nThese methods are most effective when they’re all used together. Individually, they have lower rates of successfully preventing pregnancy.[18]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nNational Health Service (UK)\\nPublic healthcare system of the UK\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Tracking your body’s natural monthly rhythms is a great way to get in sync with your cycle and try to prevent pregnancy without using other forms of birth control. Often referred to as “natural family planning,” tracking your basal body temperature, vaginal mucus, and monthly cycle can be up to 99% effective when done correctly all together. If you have irregular periods, notice early signs of pregnancy, or have other issues, talk to your family doctor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Monitoring Your Basal Body Temperature\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy a basal thermometer so you can get a precise temperature reading.\", \"描述\": \"Your basal body temperature is your lowest temperature over a period of 24 hours. Your body experiences a slight rise in temperature just after ovulation, and monitoring your basal body temperature over time can help indicate when your peak fertility window is about to begin. Basal body thermometers look basically the same as regular thermometers, but they give more precise readings. They’re available in drugstores and should come with a chart to help you track your temperature every day.\\nA regular thermometer that you might use to check a fever won’t give you exact enough measurements to be helpful. A basal body thermometer measures your temperature’s changes in small increments.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take your basal body temperature at the same time every morning.\", \"描述\": \"The most accurate way to track your temperature is to take it right when you wake up before you get out of bed and start moving around. Keep the thermometer by your bed and make it a habit to take your temperature first thing in the morning.\\nMost basal body thermometers give you the option of taking your temperature in your mouth or your vagina. Usually, taking your vaginal temperature will give you the most accurate reading from day to day. Whichever way you choose, do it the same way every day to ensure your readings are as consistent as possible.\\nFollow the instructions that came with your thermometer. Generally, you’ll turn on the thermometer and insert it in your vagina or mouth. When you hear it beep, after about 30-60 seconds, remove the thermometer and check the temperature reading.\\nMake sure to sanitize your thermometer after each use. Either wash it with soap and water or wipe it down with a disinfectant.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Track your temperature every day so you can see when it tends to change.\", \"描述\": \"Use the calendar that came with your thermometer, or track it in an app on your phone. Make sure to record the date as well as the exact temperature so you have the best data to help you understand your fertility window better. \\nPeriod Tracker, Flo, Eve, Cycles, Ovia, and other apps help you track your period and give you space to write down other daily details, like your temperature, mood, and other symptoms.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for a small spike in temperature that lasts 3 days.\", \"描述\": \"After you ovulate, your temperature will increase a little bit for about 3-4 days. This is a small change, which is why it’s so important to have the most precise temperature readings. Look for an increase of about 0.4-1 degree Fahrenheit (0.7-1.8 degrees Celsius). Chances are, your fertility window has ended.\\nIt can take a while to get a good understanding of your basal body temperature, but stick with it! Especially when used along with other tracking methods, it can be a very accurate indicator of fertility so you know when to abstain from sex.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep track for a minimum of 3 months to understand your body’s pattern.\", \"描述\": \"Until you’ve taken your temperature consistently for a few months, you shouldn’t rely on this method for pregnancy prevention. If your cycle is regular, 3 months’ worth of data should be enough to help you predict your fertility window in the following months. \\nIf your cycle tends to be irregular, you may need to take your temperature for 6 months or more before you can rely on the patterns that emerge.\\nIllness, stress, alcohol, lack of sleep, and other factors can also affect your body temperature. That’s why it’s a good idea to use this method with other tracking methods to back yourself up in case your temperature pattern is thrown off for some reason.\\nAccurate data is super important to this method. Be consistent with taking your temperature every single day and keeping track of your findings. If you miss a few days each month, it could really throw off your understanding of your body and make it less likely to effectively prevent pregnancy.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoid sex during your ovulation and fertility window to prevent pregnancy.\", \"描述\": \"After 3 or more months of tracking your temperature every day, you can use your findings to try to anticipate when you’ll ovulate next. For the most effective results, use your basal temperature along with tracking your cycle and observing your cervical mucus. Interpret the data in this way:\\nLook at your chart and find the day when your regular spike in temperature happens each month.\\nOn a calendar, mark the 2 or 3 days before this temperature spike as the days when you’re likely to ovulate. Remember, your temperature doesn’t increase until 2-3 days after ovulation.\\nAvoid having unprotected sex for at least 5 days before ovulation is supposed to begin, up through ovulation day.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Checking Your Cervical Mucus\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin checking your cervical mucus once your period has tapered off.\", \"描述\": \"Cervical mucus changes in texture, color, and smell throughout your cycle. By checking it every day, you can use the patterns you find to predict when your body is fertile. \\nThough the exact days can differ for each woman, you will tend to ovulate between day 11-21 of your monthly cycle, each cycle starting at day 1 when your period begins.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check your mucus at the same time every morning to test its consistency.\", \"描述\": \"Wash your hands first, then gently insert your middle finger into your vagina. You may want to swipe your finger from front to back to check for mucus.\\nAfter your period, you’ll most likely notice that you don’t have any discharge and your vagina may be drier than usual.\\nIf you’re using this method in conjunction with your basal body temperature, try to do them at the same time in the morning so it’s easier to keep track of things.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Observe your mucus until it begins to get thin and stretchy.\", \"描述\": \"Every day as you check your mucus, look at it and press it to your thumb to check its texture. As your hormones fluctuate, the characteristics of the mucus will change, too. During the days following your period, you may have no discharge, then slightly cloudy or creamy discharge. Once it takes on the consistency of egg whites, you’ll be at peak-fertility level and have a high chance on getting pregnant. \\nWhen you’re most fertile, the discharge may even stretch between your fingers without breaking.\\nOvulation occurs on or after the last day this mucus is produced.\\nKeep in mind that you can still get pregnant during the 5 or so days before you ovulate, so even if your discharge doesn’t quite have an egg-white texture yet, you are still somewhat fertile.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep a written record of your mucus so you can track your body’s pattern.\", \"描述\": \"Every single day, write down the color and texture of your mucus. If you’re also tracking your basal body temperature, use the same calendar so you have all the data in the same place. Don’t forget to record the date, too! Here are some examples of detailed entries you might write:\\n4/22: Mucus is tacky and white.\\n4/26: Mucus is whitish and runny, like egg whites.\\n4/31: Period started; heavy flow.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid unprotected sex when your mucus changes from tacky to creamy.\", \"描述\": \"You’re most fertile when your mucus has the consistency of stretchy egg whites, but err on the safe side by avoiding sex for a few days before and after your mucus takes on these qualities. After tracking your patterns for a few months, you’ll start to better predict when you’ll be fertile each month. \\nIf you’re tracking your basal body temperature, compare the data. Your mucus will probably turn stretchy and wet several days before your body temperature spikes. Ovulation typically happens between the change in mucus and your temperature spike.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tracking Your Cycle on a Calendar\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mark the active days of your period on a calendar each month.\", \"描述\": \"Most women with regular periods have a cycle that lasts between 26-32 days, although some women may have shorter or longer cycles. Day 1 of your cycle will be the day menstruation starts.\\nYour cycle may vary a little from month to month. Stress, illness, weight loss or gain, and other factors could impact your cycle.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Track your period for 8-12 months for the best predictability.\", \"描述\": \"Mark each day of your period on your calendar with a dot or a circle or some other way to identify it. At the end of each cycle when your period begins again, count the number of days your cycle lasted.\\nBecause each cycle can vary a little bit, it will take a little longer to gather enough data to predict your fertility window.\\nIf your period is unpredictable or skips some months, consider seeing your doctor to determine if anything else is going on.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the monthly patterns to predict when you’ll be fertile.\", \"描述\": \"First, take the shortest cycle you’ve ever tracked. Subtract 18 from the number of days that cycle lasted, and write down that number. Next, take your longest cycle recorded and subtract 11 from that number and write it down. Your fertility window is between those 2 numbers of each cycle. For example:\\nIf your shortest cycle was 26 days, 26-18=8. If your longest cycle was 30 days, 30-11=19. This means your fertility window is between the 8th and 19th of each monthly cycle. The 5 days preceding ovulation and the 24 hours of ovulation are your most fertile.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid having unprotected sex during your fertile window each month.\", \"描述\": \"Especially if you’re using only this method, it’ll be important that you either abstain from sex or use another form of protection during this time. This method is really best used to help reinforce the patterns you recognize from the other methods.\\nThere are too many factors that can affect the length of your cycle for this method to be completely reliable on its own.\\nIf you experience irregular periods, this method may not provide useful information.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Seeking Medical Care\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to your doctor if you have questions about birth control.\", \"描述\": \"Choosing the right birth control is a big decision, and it can sometimes feel overwhelming. Fortunately, your doctor is there to help and you can change your mind whenever you like. Ask your doctor about the risks and benefits of different birth control options.\\nDon’t let anyone pressure you into doing something you don’t want to do. It’s your body, and you get to control how you practice birth control, whether that’s with a pill, a shot, contraceptives, natural planning, or some other method.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check with your doctor if you have irregular menstrual cycles.\", \"描述\": \"Natural family planning counts on your cycles being regular. If you have irregular cycles, your ovulation day likely varies each month. Talk to your doctor to find out if you need to be concerned about this. They can help you figure out how you can make natural family planning work for you.\\nIt's possible that your doctor will recommend a different birth control method if your cycles are very irregular.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"See your doctor if you notice signs of pregnancy.\", \"描述\": \"While natural family planning can help you avoid pregnancy, sometimes it fails. If you accidentally have sex during your fertile window, you may become pregnant. Be aware of the early symptoms of pregnancy and see your doctor immediately if you notice the following signs:\\nMissed period\\nNausea\\nVomiting\\nTender or swollen breasts\\nIncreased urination\\nFatigue\\nMoodiness\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you get behind on tracking, use another form of protection to prevent pregnancy.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"During peak fertility, you may also notice changes to your skin, mood, breasts, or sex drive. These alone aren’t enough to predict fertility, but they can be helpful to pay attention to as you track things.\\n\", \"If you have sex during a time you think you may have been fertile, you can take an emergency contraceptive pill up to 3-5 days following sex, depending on which type of pill you choose.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Natural family planning does not protect against STDs. For STD protection, use condoms.\\n\", \"These methods are most effective when they’re all used together. Individually, they have lower rates of successfully preventing pregnancy.[18]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nNational Health Service (UK)\\nPublic healthcare system of the UK\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
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3,161 | How to Avoid Prison | 1. Finding Alternative Programs
1-1. Talk to your attorney about possibilities.
If you have been arrested or charged with a crime, talk to your attorney to see if there are any local, state, federal or private alternatives to prison programs that you qualify for instead of being incarcerated. Your attorney is probably aware of options that have been effective before.
If you do not have an attorney of your own, you should at least be represented by a public defender. Speak to the police or the prosecutor about getting one.
1-2. Investigate whether you qualify for a diversion program.
Most states have begun to recognize that using diversion programs instead of jail time may be the best way to go, especially for first-time or low-level offenders. The crimes that usually qualify are such things as petty theft, personal drug possession, or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. You are also more likely to be considered for a diversion program if it is your first offense. Diversion is also an option in cases in which the defendant suffers from certain mental health problems and could benefit from counseling rather than incarceration.
1-3. Balance your options and understand the requirements of any diversion program.
You will need to talk with your attorney about the best strategy for your case. On one hand, you could fight the charges, go to court, and perhaps be found not guilty. But if you do not believe that is likely, you may want to accept the diversion program.
In some cases, entering into a diversion plan does not require a plea of guilty. In fact, you usually enter diversion as an alternative to the court process. This means that if you complete the program successfully, you will not have a criminal record (based on this incident).
In most programs, you will be required to pay a fee to the court or to the prosecutor’s office for the cost of the diversion program or counseling. This will vary from program to program.
The length of the program will also vary, typically from a few months to a year or so. You will have to attend counseling sessions, group meetings, and perhaps perform some community service. You may also be required to pay restitution to any victims of what you did.
2. Getting Into an Alternative Program
2-1. Suggest a diversion program to the law enforcement officer at the time of the arrest.
Many states have diversion programs that begin right at the initial phase of the criminal process - that is, when you get arrested. The police in many communities have the authority not to arrest you formally but to offer to enroll you in a diversion program. If you find yourself in this position, you might suggest to the police officer that you would be willing to enter a counseling program if they have one.
For many programs, this first phase of diversion applies to individuals with mental health or behavioral disorders. Therefore, in order to apply to a particular defendant, the defendant himself may not be in a position to make this suggestion. But if you are a parent or relative of the defendant, you might make the recommendation.
2-2. Ask the prosecutor about diversion programs before the trial.
If you have been arrested and charged, there is typically some time before your case gets to the trial stage. During this time, you may or may not be held in jail. You or your attorney will have opportunities to discuss the case with the prosecutor. It is at this stage that you can also suggest or recommend a diversion or counseling program as an alternative to prison.
2-3. Make strong arguments to get placed in a diversion program.
If you need to convince the prosecutor that diversion is a good idea, some points to make are that diversion programs usually have the following positive results:
reduce cost for the state in legal fees
cut down on time spent in court
reduce rates of recidivism (repeat offenders)
by avoiding a conviction, the defendant is more likely to be able to get or hold a job, find housing, and be a productive member of society
2-4. Ask the court to order counseling or diversion rather than a prison sentence.
If you have not yet successfully arranged a diversion program, and your case goes all the way to trial, you or your attorney can ask the judge to order a diversion program or counseling instead of jail time. In some cases, you have to plead guilty to the charge, and then your “sentence” will be some form of counseling or community service instead of prison. In other cases, you may be able to avoid a plea or conviction and have the case held open while you complete the alternative program, and then have the charges be dismissed. Either alternative keeps you out of prison.
2-5. Make your case in court for a diversion program.
In support of your request, you or your attorney should make as many of the following arguments as possible (if they are true):
you cooperated with the police and did not resist arrest
you have participated in the criminal process so far
nobody was harmed by your actions
you have already begun counseling and will continue
this is your first offense
you intend to participate in counseling, community service, or whatever alternative the court orders
3. Completing the Expectations of Your Program
3-1. Attend all meetings or counseling sessions.
If you are successful in being entered into a diversion program at any stage of the criminal process, it is essential that you attend every meeting. These may be meetings with a counselor, group meetings such as A.A., or meetings with the prosecutor or some member of the district attorney’s office. If you miss even one or more meetings or sessions, you could lose the right to the diversion program and wind up back in court.
3-2. Follow all instructions of the court or prosecutor.
A diversion program may consist of several component parts. Make sure that you complete them all as ordered. These may consist of one or more of the following:
Pay restitution for any damage you caused.
Present yourself for drug screening (and make sure that you are clean)
Complete community service obligations and get any supervisors to verify
3-3. Return to court to dismiss the charges against you.
In most programs, the positive outcome for completing the diversion program is that the court will dismiss the criminal charges against you.
In many courts, even if you initially pleaded guilty to the charge in order to get into the program, the court may retroactively dismiss the case if you complete your program.
3-4. Stay out of trouble.
Depending on the state and the particular charges, if you commit another crime after a diversion program, the court may have the right to reopen your first case and add those charges to the second one. At the very least, you will probably not get a second chance at diversion.
4. Avoiding Getting Arrested in the First Place
4-1. Start counseling as soon as you recognize you have a problem.
Before you get into serious trouble, find a counseling program and try to stop the behavior that may get you into trouble. Some of the kinds of things that can lead to trouble, but which you may avoid with counseling, are:
illegal drug use or abuse
alcohol abuse
anger management problems
domestic abuse or assault
mental disorders, depression or anxiety disorders
4-2. Don’t try to run or flee.
If a police officer instructs you to stop, either while in a car or on foot, you need to stop. The chances of escaping are minimal, and fleeing will only make things worse. Running or driving away will make you appear guilty (or guiltier than you are). This could also create additional charges for resisting arrest. In some cases, it could give the police cause to use physical or lethal force to make you stop. The police or another authority such as private security might take you into custody without formally arresting you. These same recommendations still apply to that procedure.
4-3. Cooperate with authorities at the point of arrest.
If you are being arrested or are being taken into custody, you need to avoid making the problem any worse than it already is. Follow the instructions of the arresting officer. If you are polite and cooperative, you may just be able to satisfy the officer that you are not a dangerous problem and you could be let go.
4-4. Be respectful.
Do not swear, argue or talk back, and absolutely do not fight or become physical. Any of these actions could create additional charges against you, such as assaulting an officer or resisting arrest. Alternatively, if you are respectful during the process, your positive behavior may help you if you wind up in court.
4-5. Do not consent to a search.
While you need to cooperate, do not cooperate too much. Unless the police have a search warrant, they are only entitled to get your identity, address, and age. In fact, many sources recommend that you say aloud, particularly if any witnesses are around, “I do not consent to a search.”
The police may still conduct a search anyway, but if you make it clear that you do not consent, you may at least raise evidentiary issues for your attorney to argue at trial.
4-6. Limit what you say until you contact your attorney.
While it is important for you to cooperate, you need to avoid saying too much. If you are taken into police custody, whether or not they formally charge you with a crime, it is best to ask for your attorney right away, and wait for him or her to arrive before talking with the police. The things that you say may be used against you, so it is often best not to say anything, especially if you are angry or upset.
4-7. Suggest that the police give you a “notice to appear” instead of arrest.
An arrest means that the police are taking you into custody and will take you immediately to the police station, where you may spend time sitting in jail until you can contact someone for bail. Alternatively, if you have been respectful, you might convince the officer to let you go, with a notice to appear in court at some later date.
Tips
If you have been arrested and have a date to appear in court, get into a counseling program right away to address the behaviors that led to your arrest. If you can appear in court and say that you have already begun counseling, the prosecutor or the judge will be more likely to order you to continue counseling rather than order jail time.
The report cited often in this article, “No Entry: A National Survey of Criminal Justice Diversion Programs and Initiatives,” contains an appendix that provides a thorough list of diversion programs available in both federal and state courts. You can find that report and the appendix at CenterforHealthandJustice.org.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:49:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Finding Alternative Programs\\n1-1. Talk to your attorney about possibilities.\\nIf you have been arrested or charged with a crime, talk to your attorney to see if there are any local, state, federal or private alternatives to prison programs that you qualify for instead of being incarcerated. Your attorney is probably aware of options that have been effective before.\\nIf you do not have an attorney of your own, you should at least be represented by a public defender. Speak to the police or the prosecutor about getting one.\\n1-2. Investigate whether you qualify for a diversion program.\\nMost states have begun to recognize that using diversion programs instead of jail time may be the best way to go, especially for first-time or low-level offenders. The crimes that usually qualify are such things as petty theft, personal drug possession, or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. You are also more likely to be considered for a diversion program if it is your first offense. Diversion is also an option in cases in which the defendant suffers from certain mental health problems and could benefit from counseling rather than incarceration.\\n1-3. Balance your options and understand the requirements of any diversion program.\\nYou will need to talk with your attorney about the best strategy for your case. On one hand, you could fight the charges, go to court, and perhaps be found not guilty. But if you do not believe that is likely, you may want to accept the diversion program.\\nIn some cases, entering into a diversion plan does not require a plea of guilty. In fact, you usually enter diversion as an alternative to the court process. This means that if you complete the program successfully, you will not have a criminal record (based on this incident).\\nIn most programs, you will be required to pay a fee to the court or to the prosecutor’s office for the cost of the diversion program or counseling. This will vary from program to program.\\nThe length of the program will also vary, typically from a few months to a year or so. You will have to attend counseling sessions, group meetings, and perhaps perform some community service. You may also be required to pay restitution to any victims of what you did.\\n2. Getting Into an Alternative Program\\n2-1. Suggest a diversion program to the law enforcement officer at the time of the arrest.\\nMany states have diversion programs that begin right at the initial phase of the criminal process - that is, when you get arrested. The police in many communities have the authority not to arrest you formally but to offer to enroll you in a diversion program. If you find yourself in this position, you might suggest to the police officer that you would be willing to enter a counseling program if they have one.\\nFor many programs, this first phase of diversion applies to individuals with mental health or behavioral disorders. Therefore, in order to apply to a particular defendant, the defendant himself may not be in a position to make this suggestion. But if you are a parent or relative of the defendant, you might make the recommendation.\\n2-2. Ask the prosecutor about diversion programs before the trial.\\nIf you have been arrested and charged, there is typically some time before your case gets to the trial stage. During this time, you may or may not be held in jail. You or your attorney will have opportunities to discuss the case with the prosecutor. It is at this stage that you can also suggest or recommend a diversion or counseling program as an alternative to prison.\\n2-3. Make strong arguments to get placed in a diversion program.\\nIf you need to convince the prosecutor that diversion is a good idea, some points to make are that diversion programs usually have the following positive results:\\nreduce cost for the state in legal fees\\ncut down on time spent in court\\nreduce rates of recidivism (repeat offenders)\\nby avoiding a conviction, the defendant is more likely to be able to get or hold a job, find housing, and be a productive member of society\\n2-4. Ask the court to order counseling or diversion rather than a prison sentence.\\nIf you have not yet successfully arranged a diversion program, and your case goes all the way to trial, you or your attorney can ask the judge to order a diversion program or counseling instead of jail time. In some cases, you have to plead guilty to the charge, and then your “sentence” will be some form of counseling or community service instead of prison. In other cases, you may be able to avoid a plea or conviction and have the case held open while you complete the alternative program, and then have the charges be dismissed. Either alternative keeps you out of prison.\\n2-5. Make your case in court for a diversion program.\\nIn support of your request, you or your attorney should make as many of the following arguments as possible (if they are true):\\nyou cooperated with the police and did not resist arrest\\nyou have participated in the criminal process so far\\nnobody was harmed by your actions\\nyou have already begun counseling and will continue\\nthis is your first offense\\nyou intend to participate in counseling, community service, or whatever alternative the court orders\\n3. Completing the Expectations of Your Program\\n3-1. Attend all meetings or counseling sessions.\\nIf you are successful in being entered into a diversion program at any stage of the criminal process, it is essential that you attend every meeting. These may be meetings with a counselor, group meetings such as A.A., or meetings with the prosecutor or some member of the district attorney’s office. If you miss even one or more meetings or sessions, you could lose the right to the diversion program and wind up back in court.\\n3-2. Follow all instructions of the court or prosecutor.\\nA diversion program may consist of several component parts. Make sure that you complete them all as ordered. These may consist of one or more of the following:\\nPay restitution for any damage you caused.\\nPresent yourself for drug screening (and make sure that you are clean)\\nComplete community service obligations and get any supervisors to verify\\n3-3. Return to court to dismiss the charges against you.\\nIn most programs, the positive outcome for completing the diversion program is that the court will dismiss the criminal charges against you.\\n In many courts, even if you initially pleaded guilty to the charge in order to get into the program, the court may retroactively dismiss the case if you complete your program.\\n3-4. Stay out of trouble.\\nDepending on the state and the particular charges, if you commit another crime after a diversion program, the court may have the right to reopen your first case and add those charges to the second one. At the very least, you will probably not get a second chance at diversion.\\n4. Avoiding Getting Arrested in the First Place\\n4-1. Start counseling as soon as you recognize you have a problem.\\nBefore you get into serious trouble, find a counseling program and try to stop the behavior that may get you into trouble. Some of the kinds of things that can lead to trouble, but which you may avoid with counseling, are:\\nillegal drug use or abuse\\nalcohol abuse\\nanger management problems\\ndomestic abuse or assault\\nmental disorders, depression or anxiety disorders\\n4-2. Don’t try to run or flee.\\nIf a police officer instructs you to stop, either while in a car or on foot, you need to stop. The chances of escaping are minimal, and fleeing will only make things worse. Running or driving away will make you appear guilty (or guiltier than you are). This could also create additional charges for resisting arrest. In some cases, it could give the police cause to use physical or lethal force to make you stop. The police or another authority such as private security might take you into custody without formally arresting you. These same recommendations still apply to that procedure.\\n4-3. Cooperate with authorities at the point of arrest.\\nIf you are being arrested or are being taken into custody, you need to avoid making the problem any worse than it already is. Follow the instructions of the arresting officer. If you are polite and cooperative, you may just be able to satisfy the officer that you are not a dangerous problem and you could be let go.\\n4-4. Be respectful.\\nDo not swear, argue or talk back, and absolutely do not fight or become physical. Any of these actions could create additional charges against you, such as assaulting an officer or resisting arrest. Alternatively, if you are respectful during the process, your positive behavior may help you if you wind up in court.\\n4-5. Do not consent to a search.\\nWhile you need to cooperate, do not cooperate too much. Unless the police have a search warrant, they are only entitled to get your identity, address, and age. In fact, many sources recommend that you say aloud, particularly if any witnesses are around, “I do not consent to a search.” \\nThe police may still conduct a search anyway, but if you make it clear that you do not consent, you may at least raise evidentiary issues for your attorney to argue at trial.\\n4-6. Limit what you say until you contact your attorney.\\nWhile it is important for you to cooperate, you need to avoid saying too much. If you are taken into police custody, whether or not they formally charge you with a crime, it is best to ask for your attorney right away, and wait for him or her to arrive before talking with the police. The things that you say may be used against you, so it is often best not to say anything, especially if you are angry or upset.\\n4-7. Suggest that the police give you a “notice to appear” instead of arrest.\\nAn arrest means that the police are taking you into custody and will take you immediately to the police station, where you may spend time sitting in jail until you can contact someone for bail. Alternatively, if you have been respectful, you might convince the officer to let you go, with a notice to appear in court at some later date.\\nTips\\nIf you have been arrested and have a date to appear in court, get into a counseling program right away to address the behaviors that led to your arrest. If you can appear in court and say that you have already begun counseling, the prosecutor or the judge will be more likely to order you to continue counseling rather than order jail time.\\nThe report cited often in this article, “No Entry: A National Survey of Criminal Justice Diversion Programs and Initiatives,” contains an appendix that provides a thorough list of diversion programs available in both federal and state courts. You can find that report and the appendix at CenterforHealthandJustice.org.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Diversion programs and alternatives to incarceration are available to help offenders avoid prison time and turn their lives around. More and more, courts across the United States and in other countries are recognizing that these programs are more cost effective and lead to more positive long-range results than prison time. If you are facing criminal penalties, you should be aware of some of these alternatives and how you might be able to take advantage of them. In many cases, the court will be aware of the alternatives, but if you do some research and take some steps on your own, you can help make this happen.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finding Alternative Programs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to your attorney about possibilities.\", \"描述\": \"If you have been arrested or charged with a crime, talk to your attorney to see if there are any local, state, federal or private alternatives to prison programs that you qualify for instead of being incarcerated. Your attorney is probably aware of options that have been effective before.\\nIf you do not have an attorney of your own, you should at least be represented by a public defender. Speak to the police or the prosecutor about getting one.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Investigate whether you qualify for a diversion program.\", \"描述\": \"Most states have begun to recognize that using diversion programs instead of jail time may be the best way to go, especially for first-time or low-level offenders. The crimes that usually qualify are such things as petty theft, personal drug possession, or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. You are also more likely to be considered for a diversion program if it is your first offense. Diversion is also an option in cases in which the defendant suffers from certain mental health problems and could benefit from counseling rather than incarceration.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Balance your options and understand the requirements of any diversion program.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to talk with your attorney about the best strategy for your case. On one hand, you could fight the charges, go to court, and perhaps be found not guilty. But if you do not believe that is likely, you may want to accept the diversion program.\\nIn some cases, entering into a diversion plan does not require a plea of guilty. In fact, you usually enter diversion as an alternative to the court process. This means that if you complete the program successfully, you will not have a criminal record (based on this incident).\\nIn most programs, you will be required to pay a fee to the court or to the prosecutor’s office for the cost of the diversion program or counseling. This will vary from program to program.\\nThe length of the program will also vary, typically from a few months to a year or so. You will have to attend counseling sessions, group meetings, and perhaps perform some community service. You may also be required to pay restitution to any victims of what you did.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Into an Alternative Program\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Suggest a diversion program to the law enforcement officer at the time of the arrest.\", \"描述\": \"Many states have diversion programs that begin right at the initial phase of the criminal process - that is, when you get arrested. The police in many communities have the authority not to arrest you formally but to offer to enroll you in a diversion program. If you find yourself in this position, you might suggest to the police officer that you would be willing to enter a counseling program if they have one.\\nFor many programs, this first phase of diversion applies to individuals with mental health or behavioral disorders. Therefore, in order to apply to a particular defendant, the defendant himself may not be in a position to make this suggestion. But if you are a parent or relative of the defendant, you might make the recommendation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask the prosecutor about diversion programs before the trial.\", \"描述\": \"If you have been arrested and charged, there is typically some time before your case gets to the trial stage. During this time, you may or may not be held in jail. You or your attorney will have opportunities to discuss the case with the prosecutor. It is at this stage that you can also suggest or recommend a diversion or counseling program as an alternative to prison.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make strong arguments to get placed in a diversion program.\", \"描述\": \"If you need to convince the prosecutor that diversion is a good idea, some points to make are that diversion programs usually have the following positive results:\\nreduce cost for the state in legal fees\\ncut down on time spent in court\\nreduce rates of recidivism (repeat offenders)\\nby avoiding a conviction, the defendant is more likely to be able to get or hold a job, find housing, and be a productive member of society\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask the court to order counseling or diversion rather than a prison sentence.\", \"描述\": \"If you have not yet successfully arranged a diversion program, and your case goes all the way to trial, you or your attorney can ask the judge to order a diversion program or counseling instead of jail time. In some cases, you have to plead guilty to the charge, and then your “sentence” will be some form of counseling or community service instead of prison. In other cases, you may be able to avoid a plea or conviction and have the case held open while you complete the alternative program, and then have the charges be dismissed. Either alternative keeps you out of prison.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make your case in court for a diversion program.\", \"描述\": \"In support of your request, you or your attorney should make as many of the following arguments as possible (if they are true):\\nyou cooperated with the police and did not resist arrest\\nyou have participated in the criminal process so far\\nnobody was harmed by your actions\\nyou have already begun counseling and will continue\\nthis is your first offense\\nyou intend to participate in counseling, community service, or whatever alternative the court orders\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing the Expectations of Your Program\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attend all meetings or counseling sessions.\", \"描述\": \"If you are successful in being entered into a diversion program at any stage of the criminal process, it is essential that you attend every meeting. These may be meetings with a counselor, group meetings such as A.A., or meetings with the prosecutor or some member of the district attorney’s office. If you miss even one or more meetings or sessions, you could lose the right to the diversion program and wind up back in court.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow all instructions of the court or prosecutor.\", \"描述\": \"A diversion program may consist of several component parts. Make sure that you complete them all as ordered. These may consist of one or more of the following:\\nPay restitution for any damage you caused.\\nPresent yourself for drug screening (and make sure that you are clean)\\nComplete community service obligations and get any supervisors to verify\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Return to court to dismiss the charges against you.\", \"描述\": \"In most programs, the positive outcome for completing the diversion program is that the court will dismiss the criminal charges against you.\\n In many courts, even if you initially pleaded guilty to the charge in order to get into the program, the court may retroactively dismiss the case if you complete your program.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay out of trouble.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the state and the particular charges, if you commit another crime after a diversion program, the court may have the right to reopen your first case and add those charges to the second one. At the very least, you will probably not get a second chance at diversion.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Getting Arrested in the First Place\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start counseling as soon as you recognize you have a problem.\", \"描述\": \"Before you get into serious trouble, find a counseling program and try to stop the behavior that may get you into trouble. Some of the kinds of things that can lead to trouble, but which you may avoid with counseling, are:\\nillegal drug use or abuse\\nalcohol abuse\\nanger management problems\\ndomestic abuse or assault\\nmental disorders, depression or anxiety disorders\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Don’t try to run or flee.\", \"描述\": \"If a police officer instructs you to stop, either while in a car or on foot, you need to stop. The chances of escaping are minimal, and fleeing will only make things worse. Running or driving away will make you appear guilty (or guiltier than you are). This could also create additional charges for resisting arrest. In some cases, it could give the police cause to use physical or lethal force to make you stop. The police or another authority such as private security might take you into custody without formally arresting you. These same recommendations still apply to that procedure.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cooperate with authorities at the point of arrest.\", \"描述\": \"If you are being arrested or are being taken into custody, you need to avoid making the problem any worse than it already is. Follow the instructions of the arresting officer. If you are polite and cooperative, you may just be able to satisfy the officer that you are not a dangerous problem and you could be let go.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be respectful.\", \"描述\": \"Do not swear, argue or talk back, and absolutely do not fight or become physical. Any of these actions could create additional charges against you, such as assaulting an officer or resisting arrest. Alternatively, if you are respectful during the process, your positive behavior may help you if you wind up in court.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do not consent to a search.\", \"描述\": \"While you need to cooperate, do not cooperate too much. Unless the police have a search warrant, they are only entitled to get your identity, address, and age. In fact, many sources recommend that you say aloud, particularly if any witnesses are around, “I do not consent to a search.” \\nThe police may still conduct a search anyway, but if you make it clear that you do not consent, you may at least raise evidentiary issues for your attorney to argue at trial.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Limit what you say until you contact your attorney.\", \"描述\": \"While it is important for you to cooperate, you need to avoid saying too much. If you are taken into police custody, whether or not they formally charge you with a crime, it is best to ask for your attorney right away, and wait for him or her to arrive before talking with the police. The things that you say may be used against you, so it is often best not to say anything, especially if you are angry or upset.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Suggest that the police give you a “notice to appear” instead of arrest.\", \"描述\": \"An arrest means that the police are taking you into custody and will take you immediately to the police station, where you may spend time sitting in jail until you can contact someone for bail. Alternatively, if you have been respectful, you might convince the officer to let you go, with a notice to appear in court at some later date.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you have been arrested and have a date to appear in court, get into a counseling program right away to address the behaviors that led to your arrest. If you can appear in court and say that you have already begun counseling, the prosecutor or the judge will be more likely to order you to continue counseling rather than order jail time.\\n\", \"The report cited often in this article, “No Entry: A National Survey of Criminal Justice Diversion Programs and Initiatives,” contains an appendix that provides a thorough list of diversion programs available in both federal and state courts. You can find that report and the appendix at CenterforHealthandJustice.org.\\n\"]}]}}",
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} | wikihow |
3,162 | How to Avoid Probate | 1. Naming a Transfer on Death Beneficiary
1-1. Prepare to name a beneficiary upon death.
Property that lists a transfer on death beneficiary (TOD) or a pay on death beneficiary (POD) passes directly to the named beneficiary, avoiding probate.
Under a POD or TOD arrangement, the property is automatically passed to the beneficiary upon the death of the original owner.
This is unlike a will. With a will, property ownership does not change until the probate process is completed and the executor of the estate distributes the property to beneficiaries.
1-2. Understand the difference between TOD and POD.
The two terms are very similar but differ in the type of account each applies to. Although they are essentially the same, they are used in different circumstances.
TOD applies to property that you own. That property (such as real estate or a car) will be transferred at your death to the named beneficiary who can then do with it what they would like.
POD applies to money and bank accounts. Money is still considered “property,” but a bank account in your name will not remain open as such after your death. Therefore, the account is “paid” out after your death to your beneficiary of choice, who can then do what they want with the money. However, the bank account must be closed.
1-3. Select anyone you would like to be a beneficiary.
You may name anyone you choose as a TOD or POD on your financial accounts, vehicle titles, and in some states, your real property. When property passes to a joint owner, TOD, or POD, it passes outside of your estate.
Your estate consists of all other property, not jointly owned or listing a TOD or POD.
To avoid probate, you must ensure that all of your property passes outside of your estate, directly to a beneficiary or joint owner.
1-4. Establish a TOD for your vehicle(s) at the Department of Motor Vehicles.
Some states will allow you to name a TOD beneficiary for your car. This is beneficial because then the car can be automatically transferred to the new owner instead of sitting unused during the probate process.
1-5. At the DMV, apply for a certificate of car ownership in "beneficiary form."
(The fee is the same as for a standard certificate.)
The new certificate lists the name of the beneficiary (or more than 1), who will automatically own the vehicle after your death.
The beneficiary you name has no rights as long as you are alive. You are free to sell or give away the car or name someone else as the beneficiary.
You can find out if your state allows TOD beneficiaries for cars here.
1-6. Name a TOD or POD on your checking and savings accounts.
You may do this by visiting the bank and filling out a simple form. Banks will all have slightly different procedures for this, and it may be a good idea to call ahead and ask before you visit in person. If you are naming a joint owner, the person you are naming will need to be present and sign a signature card to be added to the account.
A simpler way to manage your bank accounts may be to establish a joint account. With a joint account, if 1 party dies, the other simply becomes the "owner" of the account and can continue operating the account without any legal formalities.
However, keep in mind that naming a joint account owner instead of a POD beneficiary can cause problems.
For example, a joint owner can withdraw all your money or cause a lien to be placed on the account if they are sued and a judgment is entered against them.
Naming a joint owner can also cause you to be responsible for federal gift taxes. Currently, you may gift up to $13,000 to any 1 person without owing a federal gift tax.
Naming a POD or TOD is the safest way to ensure that your property passes to whom you wish, without giving them any interest in it until after your death.
Most states allow a POD beneficiary to take over an account without probate if a will gives you a right to the money and the sum in the account does not exceed a certain amount.
In such a case, you need to provide the bank with a copy of the death certificate, the will, and a declaration.
1-7. List a TOD or POD on any annuities, retirement savings, CDs, or other investments that you have.
If you use a brokerage firm, they should be able to provide you with the form to list the beneficiary of your choice.
Most states have adopted the Uniform Transfer-on-Death Securities Registration Act, which permits TOD designation for investment securities. You can find out if your state has adopted this act here.
1-8. Discuss naming a TOD on any real property that you own with an attorney.
Real property includes both residential and commercial real estate. Some states allow transfer on death deeds and others do not.
A transfer on death deed is just like a normal quit claim or warranty deed that transfers property to a new owner. The transfer on death deed, however, names the new owner and the TOD.
Check with a local title company or real estate attorney in order to determine if your state allows TOD deeds.
If your state does not allow transfer on death deeds, you can always name a joint owner for each piece of real estate that you own.
1-9. Understand joint ownership of real property.
If a property is subject to “joint tenancy,” co-owners have equal ownership of a property that passes upon the death of 1 party to the surviving owner(s) by right of "survivorship." Another type of joint tenancy is “tenancy in common,” which entitles owners to predetermined shares of the property and allows the portion owned by the deceased to pass in accordance with his will.
Survivorship is not automatic, so make sure that your deed specifies that the joint ownership has a right of survivorship.
Once 1 of the owners of the property dies, the surviving owner must provide evidence of the death of the other party (death certificate) and complete a formal declaration setting out the basis for their entitlement.
Be sure to consult an attorney about how best to transfer property to heirs or owners with survivorship.
You may also want to talk to your attorney or an accountant about tax implications of inheriting or receiving sole ownership of a property.
2. Creating a Revocable Living Trust
2-1. Establish a Revocable Living Trust.
A revocable living trust is a legal agreement that you establish while you are still alive that you can change whenever you want. This trust will become irrevocable upon your death. In the living trust, you name a trustee to handle your assets after your death.
The trust remains the sole owner of your property and possessions and remain in charge of all legal decisions surrounding them until your death. You control the property as both the “trustee” and the beneficiary, but you do not “own” it. Should you become mentally incapacitated or upon death, an appointed trustee (not yourself, obviously) will hold legal title to your property and possessions. The trustee will also execute your will, circumventing the probate process.
Because the trustee is the “owner” of the trust assets after your death, the property that is subject to the trust does not count as your property for purposes of the probate estate. For this reason, the probate process is avoided altogether.
Be aware that creating a living trust will not shield you from federal or state estate tax. In most states, an inheritance valued at or above $5million is subject to an estate tax.
2-2. Understand an irrevocable living trust.
Creating an irrevocable trust means that once you establish it, you have no right or opportunity to change the beneficiaries or disposition of the trust assets. For this reason, most people prefer to establish a revocable trust.
Generally, people create irrevocable trusts because if the trust is irrevocable, the creator of the trust no longer “owns” the assets in the trust.
This means that creditors are unable to reach the trust assets, and when the creator of the trust dies, there is no estate tax levied on the trust.
2-3. Name a trustee.
Any competent adult whom you trust can be named as trustee, however, you may want to choose someone who has experience handling trust assets or has a financial background.
You can choose an attorney or someone who works at your bank as the trustee, or you can choose someone that you personally know well.
2-4. Consult an attorney.
Trusts can be tricky, and it can be advantageous to discuss setting up a trust with an estate lawyer. A living trust is changeable, helps you avoid probate, and helps ensure your privacy, but it isn't perfect for every situation. There are some disadvantages of establishing a living trust:
Maintaining trust books and records can be burdensome and inconvenient. Any future assets need to be tied to the trust to avoid probate of those assets, which can take time and maintenance.
An attorney can help with complicated estate tax matters.
A living trust can incur many fees. Whereas a standard will can cost you a hundred or so dollars, the average living trust will cost much more; it's not uncommon for living trusts to cost $2,000-$5,000 for a lawyer to establish.
A living trust cannot be established without the help of an attorney, which can increase the cost of establishing the trust.
You will have to re-title much of your property to include the trustee. This is not difficult to do with the help of an attorney but is an inconvenience that takes time, effort, and money.
3. Sharing Ownership
3-1. Practice joint ownership to avoid probate.
Probate can be avoided if the property or possessions you own are also owned by another individual, usually a spouse, with a right of survivorship.
Take title with someone else so that joint ownership exists. Then, when 1 of the owners dies, the title simply passes on to the other owner — no probate involved!
3-2. Decide how you want to share ownership.
There are several ways that you can establish joint ownership of property. Note that if you already own property, you will have to file new deeds to change the type of ownership of the property. You will need to determine which is appropriate for your situation and property.
Joint tenancy with right of survivorship. In joint tenancy, two or more people own the same real property. Then, when 1 of the owners dies, ownership of the property transfers to 1 or more of the sole survivors through the right of survivorship.
Tenancy by its entirety. This is exactly like joint tenancy, except only for married couples (and in some states, same-sex couples).
Community property with right of survivorship. Community property is any property obtained during a marriage (with a few exceptions such as gifts or inheritances that are kept separate from joint accounts). Married citizens of certain states can invoke community property with the right of survivorship, in which all property is transferred to 1 spouse upon the death of the other.States without community property laws usually have laws that allow for the surviving spouse to inherit at least 1 third to 1 half of the deceased’s property; this prevents someone from disinheriting a spouse upon his or her death.
Common Law property. States that are not community property states operate under common law rules. In general, this means that if 1 spouse’s name is on a deed, he or she can determine the person to whom that property passes. If both spouses’ names are on a deed, the surviving spouse usually assumes full ownership upon the death of the other spouse.
Tenancy in common. This is somewhat unusual in most deeds, but this allows someone who is married to pass their portion of ownership in a property to someone other than his or her spouse. For example, if a husband and wife share half ownership of a property with tenancy in common and the husband dies, he can leave his half of the home’s ownership to his adult son instead of having his wife own the house 100%, which happens with joint tenancy.
3-3. Understand the rights of same-sex couples.
If you are part of a same-sex couple and you live in a state where same-sex marriage is not legal, you will not be able to hold property jointly either as tenants by the entirety or as community property. However, all other ways to avoid probate are equally applicable regardless of who you want to give your property to.
Typically, if you would like to leave property to your partner but anticipate problems due to your marriage status, you should execute a will.
Although probate can take time, it is needed in some situations and same-sex couples should utilize the right to designate exactly who they want their property to go to through a will.
4. Understanding Probate
4-1. Know what probate is.
The probate process is a legal process where a person’s final debts are settled and legal title to property is formally passed from the deceased to his or her beneficiaries and heirs.
Some property will bypass probate regardless of what a will specifies. Some specific types of property that will bypass probate automatically includes life insurance payouts, retirement funds, savings bonds, and jointly titled property such as bank accounts and property.
4-2. Understand the three basic steps to probate.
The probate process can be broken down to three basic steps. They are:
The collection, inventory, and appraisal of all assets that are subject to probate
Depending on the value of the estate, this could take months.
Additionally, appraising the decedent’s assets could be costly, depending on the nature of the assets. The probate court will require the valuation to be assigned by a professional appraiser.
The payment of all bills, taxes, estate expenses, and creditors from the assets of the decedent
Based on the decedent’s debts, creditors may sue the estate and deplete the assets that would otherwise be given to beneficiaries.
The transference and distribution of all property of the estate
If probate is avoided, this is the only step that takes place.
4-3. Recognize that avoiding probate is not always the best option.
Avoiding probate is not for everyone, especially if your estate will be left to many beneficiaries or if your estate is very high in value.
1 benefit of probate is that it is handled by the court system, so all decisions and distributions should be legal and fair. The court can also settle any disputes that arise during the probation of the will.
Forgetting to provide for some of your property using means of avoiding probate can cause portions of your estate to go through probate while other parts do not; this can lead to confusions and complications.
4-4. Consider the benefits of avoiding probate.
The main benefit of avoiding probate for many people is that other approaches may be faster or less costly than going through probate and they allow for the distribution of property to be private and not recorded on public record. This can be of particular benefit to families with strained relationships between spouses (or new spouses) and children or other blood relatives.
Tips
An easy way to avoid your property going through probate is to give much of it away before you die. Giving gifts can allow you to determine exactly who gets what without the courts’ involvement.
Warnings
It is essential that you find out what the legal limitations are to avoiding probate before embarking on any avoidance process.
Avoiding probate does not mean that inheritance taxes will not be due. Inheritance taxes are charged by both state and federal governments on money and property received due to inheritance. The estate (or its executor) is responsible for paying estate taxes. If you are managing an estate, you should consult with an accountant or estate attorney to determine if inheritance taxes are due, and learn how to file a return and pay the tax.
Avoiding probate is not right for everyone. If you have a large estate or wish to leave an inheritance to someone receiving government benefits, avoiding probate may not be your best option.
These situations may require the assistance of an attorney, and the creation of trusts, in order to avoid large inheritance taxes or your heir being cut off from their government benefits. See a lawyer about this.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:23",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Naming a Transfer on Death Beneficiary\\n1-1. Prepare to name a beneficiary upon death.\\nProperty that lists a transfer on death beneficiary (TOD) or a pay on death beneficiary (POD) passes directly to the named beneficiary, avoiding probate.\\nUnder a POD or TOD arrangement, the property is automatically passed to the beneficiary upon the death of the original owner.\\nThis is unlike a will. With a will, property ownership does not change until the probate process is completed and the executor of the estate distributes the property to beneficiaries.\\n1-2. Understand the difference between TOD and POD.\\nThe two terms are very similar but differ in the type of account each applies to. Although they are essentially the same, they are used in different circumstances.\\nTOD applies to property that you own. That property (such as real estate or a car) will be transferred at your death to the named beneficiary who can then do with it what they would like.\\nPOD applies to money and bank accounts. Money is still considered “property,” but a bank account in your name will not remain open as such after your death. Therefore, the account is “paid” out after your death to your beneficiary of choice, who can then do what they want with the money. However, the bank account must be closed.\\n1-3. Select anyone you would like to be a beneficiary.\\nYou may name anyone you choose as a TOD or POD on your financial accounts, vehicle titles, and in some states, your real property. When property passes to a joint owner, TOD, or POD, it passes outside of your estate.\\nYour estate consists of all other property, not jointly owned or listing a TOD or POD.\\nTo avoid probate, you must ensure that all of your property passes outside of your estate, directly to a beneficiary or joint owner.\\n1-4. Establish a TOD for your vehicle(s) at the Department of Motor Vehicles.\\nSome states will allow you to name a TOD beneficiary for your car. This is beneficial because then the car can be automatically transferred to the new owner instead of sitting unused during the probate process.\\n1-5. At the DMV, apply for a certificate of car ownership in \\\"beneficiary form.\\\"\\n(The fee is the same as for a standard certificate.)\\nThe new certificate lists the name of the beneficiary (or more than 1), who will automatically own the vehicle after your death.\\nThe beneficiary you name has no rights as long as you are alive. You are free to sell or give away the car or name someone else as the beneficiary.\\nYou can find out if your state allows TOD beneficiaries for cars here.\\n1-6. Name a TOD or POD on your checking and savings accounts.\\nYou may do this by visiting the bank and filling out a simple form. Banks will all have slightly different procedures for this, and it may be a good idea to call ahead and ask before you visit in person. If you are naming a joint owner, the person you are naming will need to be present and sign a signature card to be added to the account.\\nA simpler way to manage your bank accounts may be to establish a joint account. With a joint account, if 1 party dies, the other simply becomes the \\\"owner\\\" of the account and can continue operating the account without any legal formalities.\\nHowever, keep in mind that naming a joint account owner instead of a POD beneficiary can cause problems.\\nFor example, a joint owner can withdraw all your money or cause a lien to be placed on the account if they are sued and a judgment is entered against them.\\nNaming a joint owner can also cause you to be responsible for federal gift taxes. Currently, you may gift up to $13,000 to any 1 person without owing a federal gift tax.\\n\\nNaming a POD or TOD is the safest way to ensure that your property passes to whom you wish, without giving them any interest in it until after your death.\\nMost states allow a POD beneficiary to take over an account without probate if a will gives you a right to the money and the sum in the account does not exceed a certain amount.\\nIn such a case, you need to provide the bank with a copy of the death certificate, the will, and a declaration.\\n1-7. List a TOD or POD on any annuities, retirement savings, CDs, or other investments that you have.\\nIf you use a brokerage firm, they should be able to provide you with the form to list the beneficiary of your choice.\\nMost states have adopted the Uniform Transfer-on-Death Securities Registration Act, which permits TOD designation for investment securities. You can find out if your state has adopted this act here.\\n1-8. Discuss naming a TOD on any real property that you own with an attorney.\\nReal property includes both residential and commercial real estate. Some states allow transfer on death deeds and others do not.\\nA transfer on death deed is just like a normal quit claim or warranty deed that transfers property to a new owner. The transfer on death deed, however, names the new owner and the TOD.\\nCheck with a local title company or real estate attorney in order to determine if your state allows TOD deeds.\\nIf your state does not allow transfer on death deeds, you can always name a joint owner for each piece of real estate that you own.\\n1-9. Understand joint ownership of real property.\\nIf a property is subject to “joint tenancy,” co-owners have equal ownership of a property that passes upon the death of 1 party to the surviving owner(s) by right of \\\"survivorship.\\\" Another type of joint tenancy is “tenancy in common,” which entitles owners to predetermined shares of the property and allows the portion owned by the deceased to pass in accordance with his will.\\nSurvivorship is not automatic, so make sure that your deed specifies that the joint ownership has a right of survivorship.\\nOnce 1 of the owners of the property dies, the surviving owner must provide evidence of the death of the other party (death certificate) and complete a formal declaration setting out the basis for their entitlement.\\nBe sure to consult an attorney about how best to transfer property to heirs or owners with survivorship.\\nYou may also want to talk to your attorney or an accountant about tax implications of inheriting or receiving sole ownership of a property.\\n2. Creating a Revocable Living Trust\\n2-1. Establish a Revocable Living Trust.\\nA revocable living trust is a legal agreement that you establish while you are still alive that you can change whenever you want. This trust will become irrevocable upon your death. In the living trust, you name a trustee to handle your assets after your death.\\nThe trust remains the sole owner of your property and possessions and remain in charge of all legal decisions surrounding them until your death. You control the property as both the “trustee” and the beneficiary, but you do not “own” it. Should you become mentally incapacitated or upon death, an appointed trustee (not yourself, obviously) will hold legal title to your property and possessions. The trustee will also execute your will, circumventing the probate process.\\nBecause the trustee is the “owner” of the trust assets after your death, the property that is subject to the trust does not count as your property for purposes of the probate estate. For this reason, the probate process is avoided altogether. \\nBe aware that creating a living trust will not shield you from federal or state estate tax. In most states, an inheritance valued at or above $5million is subject to an estate tax.\\n2-2. Understand an irrevocable living trust.\\nCreating an irrevocable trust means that once you establish it, you have no right or opportunity to change the beneficiaries or disposition of the trust assets. For this reason, most people prefer to establish a revocable trust.\\nGenerally, people create irrevocable trusts because if the trust is irrevocable, the creator of the trust no longer “owns” the assets in the trust.\\nThis means that creditors are unable to reach the trust assets, and when the creator of the trust dies, there is no estate tax levied on the trust.\\n2-3. Name a trustee.\\nAny competent adult whom you trust can be named as trustee, however, you may want to choose someone who has experience handling trust assets or has a financial background.\\nYou can choose an attorney or someone who works at your bank as the trustee, or you can choose someone that you personally know well.\\n2-4. Consult an attorney.\\nTrusts can be tricky, and it can be advantageous to discuss setting up a trust with an estate lawyer. A living trust is changeable, helps you avoid probate, and helps ensure your privacy, but it isn't perfect for every situation. There are some disadvantages of establishing a living trust:\\nMaintaining trust books and records can be burdensome and inconvenient. Any future assets need to be tied to the trust to avoid probate of those assets, which can take time and maintenance.\\nAn attorney can help with complicated estate tax matters.\\nA living trust can incur many fees. Whereas a standard will can cost you a hundred or so dollars, the average living trust will cost much more; it's not uncommon for living trusts to cost $2,000-$5,000 for a lawyer to establish.\\nA living trust cannot be established without the help of an attorney, which can increase the cost of establishing the trust.\\nYou will have to re-title much of your property to include the trustee. This is not difficult to do with the help of an attorney but is an inconvenience that takes time, effort, and money.\\n3. Sharing Ownership\\n3-1. Practice joint ownership to avoid probate.\\nProbate can be avoided if the property or possessions you own are also owned by another individual, usually a spouse, with a right of survivorship.\\nTake title with someone else so that joint ownership exists. Then, when 1 of the owners dies, the title simply passes on to the other owner — no probate involved!\\n3-2. Decide how you want to share ownership.\\nThere are several ways that you can establish joint ownership of property. Note that if you already own property, you will have to file new deeds to change the type of ownership of the property. You will need to determine which is appropriate for your situation and property.\\nJoint tenancy with right of survivorship. In joint tenancy, two or more people own the same real property. Then, when 1 of the owners dies, ownership of the property transfers to 1 or more of the sole survivors through the right of survivorship.\\nTenancy by its entirety. This is exactly like joint tenancy, except only for married couples (and in some states, same-sex couples).\\nCommunity property with right of survivorship. Community property is any property obtained during a marriage (with a few exceptions such as gifts or inheritances that are kept separate from joint accounts). Married citizens of certain states can invoke community property with the right of survivorship, in which all property is transferred to 1 spouse upon the death of the other.States without community property laws usually have laws that allow for the surviving spouse to inherit at least 1 third to 1 half of the deceased’s property; this prevents someone from disinheriting a spouse upon his or her death.\\n\\nCommon Law property. States that are not community property states operate under common law rules. In general, this means that if 1 spouse’s name is on a deed, he or she can determine the person to whom that property passes. If both spouses’ names are on a deed, the surviving spouse usually assumes full ownership upon the death of the other spouse.\\nTenancy in common. This is somewhat unusual in most deeds, but this allows someone who is married to pass their portion of ownership in a property to someone other than his or her spouse. For example, if a husband and wife share half ownership of a property with tenancy in common and the husband dies, he can leave his half of the home’s ownership to his adult son instead of having his wife own the house 100%, which happens with joint tenancy.\\n3-3. Understand the rights of same-sex couples.\\nIf you are part of a same-sex couple and you live in a state where same-sex marriage is not legal, you will not be able to hold property jointly either as tenants by the entirety or as community property. However, all other ways to avoid probate are equally applicable regardless of who you want to give your property to.\\nTypically, if you would like to leave property to your partner but anticipate problems due to your marriage status, you should execute a will.\\nAlthough probate can take time, it is needed in some situations and same-sex couples should utilize the right to designate exactly who they want their property to go to through a will.\\n4. Understanding Probate\\n4-1. Know what probate is.\\nThe probate process is a legal process where a person’s final debts are settled and legal title to property is formally passed from the deceased to his or her beneficiaries and heirs.\\nSome property will bypass probate regardless of what a will specifies. Some specific types of property that will bypass probate automatically includes life insurance payouts, retirement funds, savings bonds, and jointly titled property such as bank accounts and property.\\n4-2. Understand the three basic steps to probate.\\nThe probate process can be broken down to three basic steps. They are:\\nThe collection, inventory, and appraisal of all assets that are subject to probate\\nDepending on the value of the estate, this could take months.\\nAdditionally, appraising the decedent’s assets could be costly, depending on the nature of the assets. The probate court will require the valuation to be assigned by a professional appraiser.\\n\\nThe payment of all bills, taxes, estate expenses, and creditors from the assets of the decedent\\nBased on the decedent’s debts, creditors may sue the estate and deplete the assets that would otherwise be given to beneficiaries.\\nThe transference and distribution of all property of the estate\\nIf probate is avoided, this is the only step that takes place.\\n4-3. Recognize that avoiding probate is not always the best option.\\nAvoiding probate is not for everyone, especially if your estate will be left to many beneficiaries or if your estate is very high in value.\\n1 benefit of probate is that it is handled by the court system, so all decisions and distributions should be legal and fair. The court can also settle any disputes that arise during the probation of the will.\\nForgetting to provide for some of your property using means of avoiding probate can cause portions of your estate to go through probate while other parts do not; this can lead to confusions and complications.\\n4-4. Consider the benefits of avoiding probate.\\nThe main benefit of avoiding probate for many people is that other approaches may be faster or less costly than going through probate and they allow for the distribution of property to be private and not recorded on public record. This can be of particular benefit to families with strained relationships between spouses (or new spouses) and children or other blood relatives.\\nTips\\nAn easy way to avoid your property going through probate is to give much of it away before you die. Giving gifts can allow you to determine exactly who gets what without the courts’ involvement.\\nWarnings\\nIt is essential that you find out what the legal limitations are to avoiding probate before embarking on any avoidance process.\\nAvoiding probate does not mean that inheritance taxes will not be due. Inheritance taxes are charged by both state and federal governments on money and property received due to inheritance. The estate (or its executor) is responsible for paying estate taxes. If you are managing an estate, you should consult with an accountant or estate attorney to determine if inheritance taxes are due, and learn how to file a return and pay the tax.\\nAvoiding probate is not right for everyone. If you have a large estate or wish to leave an inheritance to someone receiving government benefits, avoiding probate may not be your best option.\\nThese situations may require the assistance of an attorney, and the creation of trusts, in order to avoid large inheritance taxes or your heir being cut off from their government benefits. See a lawyer about this.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Probate is the court-supervised process of settling a deceased person's personal and financial affairs. During probate, an appointed Personal Representative will collect the decedent’s assets, pay any bills, and distribute property to heirs. Depending upon your situation, it may make more sense to have the property pass directly to heirs or beneficiaries, bypassing the probate process. You should consult or hire a trusts and estates attorney to ensure that you do not make any costly mistakes in your attempt to avoid probate.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Naming a Transfer on Death Beneficiary\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare to name a beneficiary upon death.\", \"描述\": \"Property that lists a transfer on death beneficiary (TOD) or a pay on death beneficiary (POD) passes directly to the named beneficiary, avoiding probate.\\nUnder a POD or TOD arrangement, the property is automatically passed to the beneficiary upon the death of the original owner.\\nThis is unlike a will. With a will, property ownership does not change until the probate process is completed and the executor of the estate distributes the property to beneficiaries.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand the difference between TOD and POD.\", \"描述\": \"The two terms are very similar but differ in the type of account each applies to. Although they are essentially the same, they are used in different circumstances.\\nTOD applies to property that you own. That property (such as real estate or a car) will be transferred at your death to the named beneficiary who can then do with it what they would like.\\nPOD applies to money and bank accounts. Money is still considered “property,” but a bank account in your name will not remain open as such after your death. Therefore, the account is “paid” out after your death to your beneficiary of choice, who can then do what they want with the money. However, the bank account must be closed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select anyone you would like to be a beneficiary.\", \"描述\": \"You may name anyone you choose as a TOD or POD on your financial accounts, vehicle titles, and in some states, your real property. When property passes to a joint owner, TOD, or POD, it passes outside of your estate.\\nYour estate consists of all other property, not jointly owned or listing a TOD or POD.\\nTo avoid probate, you must ensure that all of your property passes outside of your estate, directly to a beneficiary or joint owner.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Establish a TOD for your vehicle(s) at the Department of Motor Vehicles.\", \"描述\": \"Some states will allow you to name a TOD beneficiary for your car. This is beneficial because then the car can be automatically transferred to the new owner instead of sitting unused during the probate process.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"At the DMV, apply for a certificate of car ownership in \\\"beneficiary form.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"(The fee is the same as for a standard certificate.)\\nThe new certificate lists the name of the beneficiary (or more than 1), who will automatically own the vehicle after your death.\\nThe beneficiary you name has no rights as long as you are alive. You are free to sell or give away the car or name someone else as the beneficiary.\\nYou can find out if your state allows TOD beneficiaries for cars here.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Name a TOD or POD on your checking and savings accounts.\", \"描述\": \"You may do this by visiting the bank and filling out a simple form. Banks will all have slightly different procedures for this, and it may be a good idea to call ahead and ask before you visit in person. If you are naming a joint owner, the person you are naming will need to be present and sign a signature card to be added to the account.\\nA simpler way to manage your bank accounts may be to establish a joint account. With a joint account, if 1 party dies, the other simply becomes the \\\"owner\\\" of the account and can continue operating the account without any legal formalities.\\nHowever, keep in mind that naming a joint account owner instead of a POD beneficiary can cause problems.\\nFor example, a joint owner can withdraw all your money or cause a lien to be placed on the account if they are sued and a judgment is entered against them.\\nNaming a joint owner can also cause you to be responsible for federal gift taxes. Currently, you may gift up to $13,000 to any 1 person without owing a federal gift tax.\\n\\nNaming a POD or TOD is the safest way to ensure that your property passes to whom you wish, without giving them any interest in it until after your death.\\nMost states allow a POD beneficiary to take over an account without probate if a will gives you a right to the money and the sum in the account does not exceed a certain amount.\\nIn such a case, you need to provide the bank with a copy of the death certificate, the will, and a declaration.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"List a TOD or POD on any annuities, retirement savings, CDs, or other investments that you have.\", \"描述\": \"If you use a brokerage firm, they should be able to provide you with the form to list the beneficiary of your choice.\\nMost states have adopted the Uniform Transfer-on-Death Securities Registration Act, which permits TOD designation for investment securities. You can find out if your state has adopted this act here.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Discuss naming a TOD on any real property that you own with an attorney.\", \"描述\": \"Real property includes both residential and commercial real estate. Some states allow transfer on death deeds and others do not.\\nA transfer on death deed is just like a normal quit claim or warranty deed that transfers property to a new owner. The transfer on death deed, however, names the new owner and the TOD.\\nCheck with a local title company or real estate attorney in order to determine if your state allows TOD deeds.\\nIf your state does not allow transfer on death deeds, you can always name a joint owner for each piece of real estate that you own.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Understand joint ownership of real property.\", \"描述\": \"If a property is subject to “joint tenancy,” co-owners have equal ownership of a property that passes upon the death of 1 party to the surviving owner(s) by right of \\\"survivorship.\\\" Another type of joint tenancy is “tenancy in common,” which entitles owners to predetermined shares of the property and allows the portion owned by the deceased to pass in accordance with his will.\\nSurvivorship is not automatic, so make sure that your deed specifies that the joint ownership has a right of survivorship.\\nOnce 1 of the owners of the property dies, the surviving owner must provide evidence of the death of the other party (death certificate) and complete a formal declaration setting out the basis for their entitlement.\\nBe sure to consult an attorney about how best to transfer property to heirs or owners with survivorship.\\nYou may also want to talk to your attorney or an accountant about tax implications of inheriting or receiving sole ownership of a property.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Creating a Revocable Living Trust\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Establish a Revocable Living Trust.\", \"描述\": \"A revocable living trust is a legal agreement that you establish while you are still alive that you can change whenever you want. This trust will become irrevocable upon your death. In the living trust, you name a trustee to handle your assets after your death.\\nThe trust remains the sole owner of your property and possessions and remain in charge of all legal decisions surrounding them until your death. You control the property as both the “trustee” and the beneficiary, but you do not “own” it. Should you become mentally incapacitated or upon death, an appointed trustee (not yourself, obviously) will hold legal title to your property and possessions. The trustee will also execute your will, circumventing the probate process.\\nBecause the trustee is the “owner” of the trust assets after your death, the property that is subject to the trust does not count as your property for purposes of the probate estate. For this reason, the probate process is avoided altogether. \\nBe aware that creating a living trust will not shield you from federal or state estate tax. In most states, an inheritance valued at or above $5million is subject to an estate tax.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand an irrevocable living trust.\", \"描述\": \"Creating an irrevocable trust means that once you establish it, you have no right or opportunity to change the beneficiaries or disposition of the trust assets. For this reason, most people prefer to establish a revocable trust.\\nGenerally, people create irrevocable trusts because if the trust is irrevocable, the creator of the trust no longer “owns” the assets in the trust.\\nThis means that creditors are unable to reach the trust assets, and when the creator of the trust dies, there is no estate tax levied on the trust.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Name a trustee.\", \"描述\": \"Any competent adult whom you trust can be named as trustee, however, you may want to choose someone who has experience handling trust assets or has a financial background.\\nYou can choose an attorney or someone who works at your bank as the trustee, or you can choose someone that you personally know well.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consult an attorney.\", \"描述\": \"Trusts can be tricky, and it can be advantageous to discuss setting up a trust with an estate lawyer. A living trust is changeable, helps you avoid probate, and helps ensure your privacy, but it isn't perfect for every situation. There are some disadvantages of establishing a living trust:\\nMaintaining trust books and records can be burdensome and inconvenient. Any future assets need to be tied to the trust to avoid probate of those assets, which can take time and maintenance.\\nAn attorney can help with complicated estate tax matters.\\nA living trust can incur many fees. Whereas a standard will can cost you a hundred or so dollars, the average living trust will cost much more; it's not uncommon for living trusts to cost $2,000-$5,000 for a lawyer to establish.\\nA living trust cannot be established without the help of an attorney, which can increase the cost of establishing the trust.\\nYou will have to re-title much of your property to include the trustee. This is not difficult to do with the help of an attorney but is an inconvenience that takes time, effort, and money.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sharing Ownership\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice joint ownership to avoid probate.\", \"描述\": \"Probate can be avoided if the property or possessions you own are also owned by another individual, usually a spouse, with a right of survivorship.\\nTake title with someone else so that joint ownership exists. Then, when 1 of the owners dies, the title simply passes on to the other owner — no probate involved!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide how you want to share ownership.\", \"描述\": \"There are several ways that you can establish joint ownership of property. Note that if you already own property, you will have to file new deeds to change the type of ownership of the property. You will need to determine which is appropriate for your situation and property.\\nJoint tenancy with right of survivorship. In joint tenancy, two or more people own the same real property. Then, when 1 of the owners dies, ownership of the property transfers to 1 or more of the sole survivors through the right of survivorship.\\nTenancy by its entirety. This is exactly like joint tenancy, except only for married couples (and in some states, same-sex couples).\\nCommunity property with right of survivorship. Community property is any property obtained during a marriage (with a few exceptions such as gifts or inheritances that are kept separate from joint accounts). Married citizens of certain states can invoke community property with the right of survivorship, in which all property is transferred to 1 spouse upon the death of the other.States without community property laws usually have laws that allow for the surviving spouse to inherit at least 1 third to 1 half of the deceased’s property; this prevents someone from disinheriting a spouse upon his or her death.\\n\\nCommon Law property. States that are not community property states operate under common law rules. In general, this means that if 1 spouse’s name is on a deed, he or she can determine the person to whom that property passes. If both spouses’ names are on a deed, the surviving spouse usually assumes full ownership upon the death of the other spouse.\\nTenancy in common. This is somewhat unusual in most deeds, but this allows someone who is married to pass their portion of ownership in a property to someone other than his or her spouse. For example, if a husband and wife share half ownership of a property with tenancy in common and the husband dies, he can leave his half of the home’s ownership to his adult son instead of having his wife own the house 100%, which happens with joint tenancy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand the rights of same-sex couples.\", \"描述\": \"If you are part of a same-sex couple and you live in a state where same-sex marriage is not legal, you will not be able to hold property jointly either as tenants by the entirety or as community property. However, all other ways to avoid probate are equally applicable regardless of who you want to give your property to.\\nTypically, if you would like to leave property to your partner but anticipate problems due to your marriage status, you should execute a will.\\nAlthough probate can take time, it is needed in some situations and same-sex couples should utilize the right to designate exactly who they want their property to go to through a will.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Understanding Probate\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know what probate is.\", \"描述\": \"The probate process is a legal process where a person’s final debts are settled and legal title to property is formally passed from the deceased to his or her beneficiaries and heirs.\\nSome property will bypass probate regardless of what a will specifies. Some specific types of property that will bypass probate automatically includes life insurance payouts, retirement funds, savings bonds, and jointly titled property such as bank accounts and property.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand the three basic steps to probate.\", \"描述\": \"The probate process can be broken down to three basic steps. They are:\\nThe collection, inventory, and appraisal of all assets that are subject to probate\\nDepending on the value of the estate, this could take months.\\nAdditionally, appraising the decedent’s assets could be costly, depending on the nature of the assets. The probate court will require the valuation to be assigned by a professional appraiser.\\n\\nThe payment of all bills, taxes, estate expenses, and creditors from the assets of the decedent\\nBased on the decedent’s debts, creditors may sue the estate and deplete the assets that would otherwise be given to beneficiaries.\\nThe transference and distribution of all property of the estate\\nIf probate is avoided, this is the only step that takes place.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Recognize that avoiding probate is not always the best option.\", \"描述\": \"Avoiding probate is not for everyone, especially if your estate will be left to many beneficiaries or if your estate is very high in value.\\n1 benefit of probate is that it is handled by the court system, so all decisions and distributions should be legal and fair. The court can also settle any disputes that arise during the probation of the will.\\nForgetting to provide for some of your property using means of avoiding probate can cause portions of your estate to go through probate while other parts do not; this can lead to confusions and complications.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider the benefits of avoiding probate.\", \"描述\": \"The main benefit of avoiding probate for many people is that other approaches may be faster or less costly than going through probate and they allow for the distribution of property to be private and not recorded on public record. This can be of particular benefit to families with strained relationships between spouses (or new spouses) and children or other blood relatives.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"An easy way to avoid your property going through probate is to give much of it away before you die. Giving gifts can allow you to determine exactly who gets what without the courts’ involvement.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"It is essential that you find out what the legal limitations are to avoiding probate before embarking on any avoidance process.\\n\", \"Avoiding probate does not mean that inheritance taxes will not be due. Inheritance taxes are charged by both state and federal governments on money and property received due to inheritance. The estate (or its executor) is responsible for paying estate taxes. If you are managing an estate, you should consult with an accountant or estate attorney to determine if inheritance taxes are due, and learn how to file a return and pay the tax.\\n\", \"Avoiding probate is not right for everyone. If you have a large estate or wish to leave an inheritance to someone receiving government benefits, avoiding probate may not be your best option.\\nThese situations may require the assistance of an attorney, and the creation of trusts, in order to avoid large inheritance taxes or your heir being cut off from their government benefits. See a lawyer about this.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,163 | How to Avoid Probate in Canada | 1. Steps
1-1. Name beneficiaries on your life insurance policies.
Life insurance is paid directly to the named beneficiary, so the funds never become a part of the probate estate, therefore not subject to probate taxes and fees. You may also wish to name a secondary beneficiary, in case the primary beneficiary predeceases you.
1-2. Hold your assets in cash and/or bearer certificates.
Assets held in cash or bearer certificates, such as stock, may be excluded from the probate estate, reducing the amount of fees and taxes charged to it. A bearer certificate is a financial instrument, such as a check payable to ‘cash', which may be redeemed by any party possessing it.
1-3. Add a Pay on Death (“POD”) or Transfer on Death (“TOD”) designation to your accounts.
This can only be done in the USA. Canada does not have such a law for non-registered investment accounts. Only registered accounts such as an RRSP, RRIF, TFSA accounts can have named beneficiaries. Joint ownership is the only way to avoid probate for non-registered accounts.
A POD or TOD designation allows you to decide to whom the property will transfer or be paid upon your death. As it will be paid or transferred directly to the designated party, it will not be subject to probate taxes. To name a POD or TOD, contact the bank or investment firm where the account is held. The procedure will vary from company to company and will most often involve filling out and returning a simple form.
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1-4. Title your assets to a joint owner.
Assets, which are held jointly with rights of survivorship, pass directly to the surviving joint owner, and never become subject to probate. Joint ownership is not right in all circumstances. You may wish to consider the following, before naming a joint owner of any of your assets.
A joint owner can clean out your accounts or otherwise encumber your property. Once a party owns an interest in your property, he or she may take out loans against it, or in the case of a bank or investment account, empty it. This can be done without your knowledge or consent.
You will need the cooperation of the joint owner in order to sell or mortgage the property. Once you name a joint owner, he or she will need to consent to any sale of the property, or any mortgage taken against it.
Naming a joint owner, when he or she is not the only beneficiary of the estate, may cause discontentment between heirs. The other beneficiaries may believe that the joint owner was only meant to hold the property in trust for all of the beneficiaries, and a dispute as to who should inherit the property can easily arise.
There may be tax consequences, such as capital gains property transfer tax, when naming joint owners of certain property. You may want to consult with a Certified General Account (“CGA”) or tax attorney before doing anything that may affect your obligation to pay taxes.
Just as a joint owner has a claim to the joint property, so does his or her creditors. Titling your property with another as a joint owner may subject it to the claims of the joint owner's creditors and/or his or her spouse.
1-5. Give gifts.
Gifting your property now will reduce the value of the estate at your death, thereby reducing the amount of taxes and/or fees due. Be aware that certain legal requirements and/or obligations may apply when making inter-vivos gifts or to those made while you are alive, for the purpose of reducing probate taxes. These considerations include:
You must actually give up control of the gift to the giftee. For example, if you make a gift of an antique piece of furniture, you must deliver the piece to the giftee, and discontinue your possession of it. Another example is if you bestow a bank account upon another, you must add their name and remove yours from the title.
There may be tax consequences for the one who receives the gift. For example, if the fair market value (“FMV”) of the gift exceeds its cost, the accrued gain may be taxable as a capital gain. The Canadian Revenue Agency (“CRA”) defines FMV as “the highest price, expressed in dollars, that a property would bring in an open and unrestricted market, between a willing buyer and a willing seller who are both knowledgeable, informed, and prudent, and who are acting independently of each other.”
Property tax transfer and other fees may be due when gifting real estate to another. You may wish to consult with a CGA, tax attorney, or probate lawyer before transferring any real property to another party, in order to ensure that your legal and financial rights are protected.
1-6. Set up a trust.
A trust allows you to title your property to it, to be held by an appointed trustee, on your behalf. You may appoint yourself as trustee if you choose. The trust will provide for the distribution of the property after your death. Since the property is owned by the trust, it never becomes a part of your probate estate and is not subject to probate taxes.
1-7. Title assets to your company.
If you have outstanding debt other than a mortgage, that debt will not be subtracted from your assets when the value of your estate at the time of your death is determined. This will increase the value of your estate, causing a higher probate tax to apply. Transferring the loan and the asset purchased with it to a limited company will reduce the gross value of your estate, which in turn will reduce the amount of probate tax due.
1-8. Make two wills.
Parties who hold certain assets may decide to make two wills. A Primary Will, which deals with those assets that are required to be subject to probate, and a Secondary Will, which provides direction as to the distribution of all other assets. While this is not a widely known practice, the Court in Ontario recently approved of this estate planning approach in Granovsky Estate v. Ontario.
Tips
If you wish to control when a beneficiary inherits the property, you may want to consider creating a trust instead of naming TODs and PODs.
Talk to your friends and family about how you wish for your personal property to be distributed upon your death. If you really want a specific person to have an item, and are unsure if your loved one's will abide by your wishes, simply give it to them now.
Warnings
Naming a joint account owner on an account will allow the joint owner to withdraw all of your money or cause a lien to be placed on the account if they are sued and a judgment is entered against them. Naming a POD or TOD may be the safest way to ensure that your property passes to whom you wish, without giving up interest in it until after your death.
Before taking an action, which may affect your legal or financial rights and/or obligations, you should consult with a qualified barrister.
Avoiding probate is not right for everyone. You may wish to consult with a barrister in order to determine if taking steps to avoid probate is appropriate in your particular situation.
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Name beneficiaries on your life insurance policies.\\nLife insurance is paid directly to the named beneficiary, so the funds never become a part of the probate estate, therefore not subject to probate taxes and fees. You may also wish to name a secondary beneficiary, in case the primary beneficiary predeceases you.\\n1-2. Hold your assets in cash and/or bearer certificates.\\nAssets held in cash or bearer certificates, such as stock, may be excluded from the probate estate, reducing the amount of fees and taxes charged to it. A bearer certificate is a financial instrument, such as a check payable to ‘cash', which may be redeemed by any party possessing it.\\n1-3. Add a Pay on Death (“POD”) or Transfer on Death (“TOD”) designation to your accounts.\\nThis can only be done in the USA. Canada does not have such a law for non-registered investment accounts. Only registered accounts such as an RRSP, RRIF, TFSA accounts can have named beneficiaries. Joint ownership is the only way to avoid probate for non-registered accounts.\\nA POD or TOD designation allows you to decide to whom the property will transfer or be paid upon your death. As it will be paid or transferred directly to the designated party, it will not be subject to probate taxes. To name a POD or TOD, contact the bank or investment firm where the account is held. The procedure will vary from company to company and will most often involve filling out and returning a simple form.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/09\\\\/Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/09\\\\/Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\\/aid1999474-v4-728px-Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n1-4. Title your assets to a joint owner.\\nAssets, which are held jointly with rights of survivorship, pass directly to the surviving joint owner, and never become subject to probate. Joint ownership is not right in all circumstances. You may wish to consider the following, before naming a joint owner of any of your assets.\\nA joint owner can clean out your accounts or otherwise encumber your property. Once a party owns an interest in your property, he or she may take out loans against it, or in the case of a bank or investment account, empty it. This can be done without your knowledge or consent.\\nYou will need the cooperation of the joint owner in order to sell or mortgage the property. Once you name a joint owner, he or she will need to consent to any sale of the property, or any mortgage taken against it.\\nNaming a joint owner, when he or she is not the only beneficiary of the estate, may cause discontentment between heirs. The other beneficiaries may believe that the joint owner was only meant to hold the property in trust for all of the beneficiaries, and a dispute as to who should inherit the property can easily arise.\\nThere may be tax consequences, such as capital gains property transfer tax, when naming joint owners of certain property. You may want to consult with a Certified General Account (“CGA”) or tax attorney before doing anything that may affect your obligation to pay taxes.\\nJust as a joint owner has a claim to the joint property, so does his or her creditors. Titling your property with another as a joint owner may subject it to the claims of the joint owner's creditors and/or his or her spouse.\\n1-5. Give gifts.\\nGifting your property now will reduce the value of the estate at your death, thereby reducing the amount of taxes and/or fees due. Be aware that certain legal requirements and/or obligations may apply when making inter-vivos gifts or to those made while you are alive, for the purpose of reducing probate taxes. These considerations include:\\nYou must actually give up control of the gift to the giftee. For example, if you make a gift of an antique piece of furniture, you must deliver the piece to the giftee, and discontinue your possession of it. Another example is if you bestow a bank account upon another, you must add their name and remove yours from the title.\\nThere may be tax consequences for the one who receives the gift. For example, if the fair market value (“FMV”) of the gift exceeds its cost, the accrued gain may be taxable as a capital gain. The Canadian Revenue Agency (“CRA”) defines FMV as “the highest price, expressed in dollars, that a property would bring in an open and unrestricted market, between a willing buyer and a willing seller who are both knowledgeable, informed, and prudent, and who are acting independently of each other.”\\nProperty tax transfer and other fees may be due when gifting real estate to another. You may wish to consult with a CGA, tax attorney, or probate lawyer before transferring any real property to another party, in order to ensure that your legal and financial rights are protected.\\n1-6. Set up a trust.\\nA trust allows you to title your property to it, to be held by an appointed trustee, on your behalf. You may appoint yourself as trustee if you choose. The trust will provide for the distribution of the property after your death. Since the property is owned by the trust, it never becomes a part of your probate estate and is not subject to probate taxes.\\n1-7. Title assets to your company.\\nIf you have outstanding debt other than a mortgage, that debt will not be subtracted from your assets when the value of your estate at the time of your death is determined. This will increase the value of your estate, causing a higher probate tax to apply. Transferring the loan and the asset purchased with it to a limited company will reduce the gross value of your estate, which in turn will reduce the amount of probate tax due.\\n1-8. Make two wills.\\nParties who hold certain assets may decide to make two wills. A Primary Will, which deals with those assets that are required to be subject to probate, and a Secondary Will, which provides direction as to the distribution of all other assets. While this is not a widely known practice, the Court in Ontario recently approved of this estate planning approach in Granovsky Estate v. Ontario.\\nTips\\nIf you wish to control when a beneficiary inherits the property, you may want to consider creating a trust instead of naming TODs and PODs.\\nTalk to your friends and family about how you wish for your personal property to be distributed upon your death. If you really want a specific person to have an item, and are unsure if your loved one's will abide by your wishes, simply give it to them now.\\nWarnings\\nNaming a joint account owner on an account will allow the joint owner to withdraw all of your money or cause a lien to be placed on the account if they are sued and a judgment is entered against them. Naming a POD or TOD may be the safest way to ensure that your property passes to whom you wish, without giving up interest in it until after your death.\\nBefore taking an action, which may affect your legal or financial rights and/or obligations, you should consult with a qualified barrister.\\nAvoiding probate is not right for everyone. You may wish to consult with a barrister in order to determine if taking steps to avoid probate is appropriate in your particular situation.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Probate is the legal process of collecting and distributing a person's assets after his or her death. As attorney fees, court costs, probate fees, or taxes can be expensive, many choose to plan their estate in order to avoid probate. Avoiding probate generally means ensuring that certain assets do not become a part of your probate estate. To prevent assets from becoming a part of your estate and avoid probate in Canada, follow the steps below.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Name beneficiaries on your life insurance policies.\", \"描述\": \"Life insurance is paid directly to the named beneficiary, so the funds never become a part of the probate estate, therefore not subject to probate taxes and fees. You may also wish to name a secondary beneficiary, in case the primary beneficiary predeceases you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hold your assets in cash and/or bearer certificates.\", \"描述\": \"Assets held in cash or bearer certificates, such as stock, may be excluded from the probate estate, reducing the amount of fees and taxes charged to it. A bearer certificate is a financial instrument, such as a check payable to ‘cash', which may be redeemed by any party possessing it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add a Pay on Death (“POD”) or Transfer on Death (“TOD”) designation to your accounts.\", \"描述\": \"This can only be done in the USA. Canada does not have such a law for non-registered investment accounts. Only registered accounts such as an RRSP, RRIF, TFSA accounts can have named beneficiaries. Joint ownership is the only way to avoid probate for non-registered accounts.\\nA POD or TOD designation allows you to decide to whom the property will transfer or be paid upon your death. As it will be paid or transferred directly to the designated party, it will not be subject to probate taxes. To name a POD or TOD, contact the bank or investment firm where the account is held. The procedure will vary from company to company and will most often involve filling out and returning a simple form.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/09\\\\/Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/09\\\\/Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\\/aid1999474-v4-728px-Avoid-Probate-in-Canada-Step-4.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Title your assets to a joint owner.\", \"描述\": \"Assets, which are held jointly with rights of survivorship, pass directly to the surviving joint owner, and never become subject to probate. Joint ownership is not right in all circumstances. You may wish to consider the following, before naming a joint owner of any of your assets.\\nA joint owner can clean out your accounts or otherwise encumber your property. Once a party owns an interest in your property, he or she may take out loans against it, or in the case of a bank or investment account, empty it. This can be done without your knowledge or consent.\\nYou will need the cooperation of the joint owner in order to sell or mortgage the property. Once you name a joint owner, he or she will need to consent to any sale of the property, or any mortgage taken against it.\\nNaming a joint owner, when he or she is not the only beneficiary of the estate, may cause discontentment between heirs. The other beneficiaries may believe that the joint owner was only meant to hold the property in trust for all of the beneficiaries, and a dispute as to who should inherit the property can easily arise.\\nThere may be tax consequences, such as capital gains property transfer tax, when naming joint owners of certain property. You may want to consult with a Certified General Account (“CGA”) or tax attorney before doing anything that may affect your obligation to pay taxes.\\nJust as a joint owner has a claim to the joint property, so does his or her creditors. Titling your property with another as a joint owner may subject it to the claims of the joint owner's creditors and/or his or her spouse.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Give gifts.\", \"描述\": \"Gifting your property now will reduce the value of the estate at your death, thereby reducing the amount of taxes and/or fees due. Be aware that certain legal requirements and/or obligations may apply when making inter-vivos gifts or to those made while you are alive, for the purpose of reducing probate taxes. These considerations include:\\nYou must actually give up control of the gift to the giftee. For example, if you make a gift of an antique piece of furniture, you must deliver the piece to the giftee, and discontinue your possession of it. Another example is if you bestow a bank account upon another, you must add their name and remove yours from the title.\\nThere may be tax consequences for the one who receives the gift. For example, if the fair market value (“FMV”) of the gift exceeds its cost, the accrued gain may be taxable as a capital gain. The Canadian Revenue Agency (“CRA”) defines FMV as “the highest price, expressed in dollars, that a property would bring in an open and unrestricted market, between a willing buyer and a willing seller who are both knowledgeable, informed, and prudent, and who are acting independently of each other.”\\nProperty tax transfer and other fees may be due when gifting real estate to another. You may wish to consult with a CGA, tax attorney, or probate lawyer before transferring any real property to another party, in order to ensure that your legal and financial rights are protected.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Set up a trust.\", \"描述\": \"A trust allows you to title your property to it, to be held by an appointed trustee, on your behalf. You may appoint yourself as trustee if you choose. The trust will provide for the distribution of the property after your death. Since the property is owned by the trust, it never becomes a part of your probate estate and is not subject to probate taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Title assets to your company.\", \"描述\": \"If you have outstanding debt other than a mortgage, that debt will not be subtracted from your assets when the value of your estate at the time of your death is determined. This will increase the value of your estate, causing a higher probate tax to apply. Transferring the loan and the asset purchased with it to a limited company will reduce the gross value of your estate, which in turn will reduce the amount of probate tax due.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Make two wills.\", \"描述\": \"Parties who hold certain assets may decide to make two wills. A Primary Will, which deals with those assets that are required to be subject to probate, and a Secondary Will, which provides direction as to the distribution of all other assets. While this is not a widely known practice, the Court in Ontario recently approved of this estate planning approach in Granovsky Estate v. Ontario.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you wish to control when a beneficiary inherits the property, you may want to consider creating a trust instead of naming TODs and PODs.\\n\", \"Talk to your friends and family about how you wish for your personal property to be distributed upon your death. If you really want a specific person to have an item, and are unsure if your loved one's will abide by your wishes, simply give it to them now.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Naming a joint account owner on an account will allow the joint owner to withdraw all of your money or cause a lien to be placed on the account if they are sued and a judgment is entered against them. Naming a POD or TOD may be the safest way to ensure that your property passes to whom you wish, without giving up interest in it until after your death.\\n\", \"Before taking an action, which may affect your legal or financial rights and/or obligations, you should consult with a qualified barrister.\\n\", \"Avoiding probate is not right for everyone. You may wish to consult with a barrister in order to determine if taking steps to avoid probate is appropriate in your particular situation.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,164 | How to Avoid Pubic Razor Bumps | 1. Trim your pubic hair beforehand.
A pair of scissors or some electric clippers will do the trick.
Don’t immediately start shaving with a disposable razor—the thicker clumps of hair may dull your razor blade. Instead, trim your hair down until it’s about 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in) long.
A dull razor can lead to nicks and cuts.
Never trim your pubic hair with a dull pair of scissors.
2. Hop in a warm shower or bath to shave.
Warm water softens your pubic hair and opens your pores.
This makes shaving a lot easier and prevents those pesky bumps and razor burn.
3. Exfoliate before you shave.
Exfoliating removes dead skin cells, resulting in a closer shave.
Gently go over your pubic area with an exfoliating sponge, loofah, or washcloth. Don’t use any harsh exfoliating products. Not enough exfoliation to remove excess layers of skin causes ingrown hairs. Daily exfoliation will prevent razor bumps because the hair will never get a chance to regrow towards the skin and become trapped.
4. Grab a fresh razor for each shave.
A sharp razor gives you a smooth, close shave.
Pubic hair is really coarse and thick, so it's best to use a fresh, sharp blade each time. If you can, shave with a disposable razor built with cushions and moisturizing strips, which help protect your skin.
5. Apply shaving cream before you shave.
Shaving cream helps guard your skin as you're shaving.
Special creams and gels create a “barrier” of sorts, which helps protect your skin. Get a cream made for sensitive skin and try to avoid using regular soap, which can leave your skin dry and irritated.
Pick up shaving cream or gel from any store that sells razors and other personal grooming tools.
6. Shave with the grain of your pubic hair.
Pubic hair usually grows downward.
Hold your skin taut with one hand and use the other to guide your razor in smooth, downward motions. Go slow so you don't cut yourself.
Shaving against the grain of your hair isn’t a good idea, and can leave you with painful razor bumps.
7. Rinse off your razor in between passes.
This clears away the hair stuck in the blades so you get a close shave.
Once all the old hair is gone, shave another section of hair. Continue shaving and rinsing until you’re completely finished up.
8. Rinse off your skin with warm water and pat it dry.
Leaving shaving cream residue behind can irritate your skin.
Then, pour cool water over your skin, which will encourage your pores to close. Gently pat the skin so it’s completely dry.
9. Apply an aloe vera gel after you shave.
Aloe vera gel soothes and moisturizes your skin.
Use an alcohol-free aloe vera gel since products with alcohol can sting and irritate your skin If you don’t have any aloe vera gel, apply a moisturizing body oil or lotion to the area instead.
You can also set a cool, damp cloth over your skin once you’re done shaving. This may prevent unwanted irritation, like razor bumps.
10. Try hair removal creams instead of shaving.
Hair removal creams may help prevent ingrown hairs.
Follow the instructions on your box or bottle, and spread the cream over your skin. Wait several minutes, and then rinse off the cream completely.
Hair removal creams can sting or burn. If you’ve never tried this type of product before, apply a very small amount first and see how your skin reacts.
11. Get a Brazilian wax.
A Brazilian wax removes all the hair in your pubic area.
While you won’t get “razor bumps” from this kind of wax, you could still experience ingrown hairs. If you’re worried about this, consider booking a professional Brazilian wax at a salon.
Wait until your hair is between ⁄4 to ⁄2 in (0.64 to 1.27 cm) long before you schedule a waxing appointment.
For reference, a Brazilian wax lasts about 3-4 weeks.
12. Opt for laser hair removal.
Laser hair removal is an expensive but permanent solution.
With laser hair removal, you don’t have to worry about razor bumps, irritated skin, or any other shaving-related injuries. In fact, this method prevents 80 to 90% of your pubic hair from growing back. Unfortunately, this treatment tends to cost hundreds of dollars, and may not be a good match for your budget.
Always schedule an appointment with an experienced, board-certified physician.
Tips
Stay away from tight underwear and clothing after you shave, so you don’t chafe or irritate your shaved skin by mistake.[25]
X
Research source
Warnings
Never dry shave! Instead, always shave after taking a bath or shower.[26]
X
Research source
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Trim your pubic hair beforehand.\\nA pair of scissors or some electric clippers will do the trick.\\nDon’t immediately start shaving with a disposable razor—the thicker clumps of hair may dull your razor blade. Instead, trim your hair down until it’s about 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in) long.\\nA dull razor can lead to nicks and cuts.\\nNever trim your pubic hair with a dull pair of scissors.\\n2. Hop in a warm shower or bath to shave.\\nWarm water softens your pubic hair and opens your pores.\\nThis makes shaving a lot easier and prevents those pesky bumps and razor burn.\\n3. Exfoliate before you shave.\\nExfoliating removes dead skin cells, resulting in a closer shave.\\nGently go over your pubic area with an exfoliating sponge, loofah, or washcloth. Don’t use any harsh exfoliating products. Not enough exfoliation to remove excess layers of skin causes ingrown hairs. Daily exfoliation will prevent razor bumps because the hair will never get a chance to regrow towards the skin and become trapped.\\n4. Grab a fresh razor for each shave.\\nA sharp razor gives you a smooth, close shave.\\nPubic hair is really coarse and thick, so it's best to use a fresh, sharp blade each time. If you can, shave with a disposable razor built with cushions and moisturizing strips, which help protect your skin.\\n5. Apply shaving cream before you shave.\\nShaving cream helps guard your skin as you're shaving.\\nSpecial creams and gels create a “barrier” of sorts, which helps protect your skin. Get a cream made for sensitive skin and try to avoid using regular soap, which can leave your skin dry and irritated.\\nPick up shaving cream or gel from any store that sells razors and other personal grooming tools.\\n6. Shave with the grain of your pubic hair.\\nPubic hair usually grows downward.\\nHold your skin taut with one hand and use the other to guide your razor in smooth, downward motions. Go slow so you don't cut yourself.\\nShaving against the grain of your hair isn’t a good idea, and can leave you with painful razor bumps.\\n7. Rinse off your razor in between passes.\\nThis clears away the hair stuck in the blades so you get a close shave.\\nOnce all the old hair is gone, shave another section of hair. Continue shaving and rinsing until you’re completely finished up.\\n8. Rinse off your skin with warm water and pat it dry.\\nLeaving shaving cream residue behind can irritate your skin.\\nThen, pour cool water over your skin, which will encourage your pores to close. Gently pat the skin so it’s completely dry.\\n9. Apply an aloe vera gel after you shave.\\nAloe vera gel soothes and moisturizes your skin.\\nUse an alcohol-free aloe vera gel since products with alcohol can sting and irritate your skin If you don’t have any aloe vera gel, apply a moisturizing body oil or lotion to the area instead.\\nYou can also set a cool, damp cloth over your skin once you’re done shaving. This may prevent unwanted irritation, like razor bumps.\\n10. Try hair removal creams instead of shaving.\\nHair removal creams may help prevent ingrown hairs.\\nFollow the instructions on your box or bottle, and spread the cream over your skin. Wait several minutes, and then rinse off the cream completely.\\nHair removal creams can sting or burn. If you’ve never tried this type of product before, apply a very small amount first and see how your skin reacts.\\n11. Get a Brazilian wax.\\nA Brazilian wax removes all the hair in your pubic area.\\nWhile you won’t get “razor bumps” from this kind of wax, you could still experience ingrown hairs. If you’re worried about this, consider booking a professional Brazilian wax at a salon.\\nWait until your hair is between ⁄4 to ⁄2 in (0.64 to 1.27 cm) long before you schedule a waxing appointment.\\nFor reference, a Brazilian wax lasts about 3-4 weeks.\\n12. Opt for laser hair removal.\\nLaser hair removal is an expensive but permanent solution.\\nWith laser hair removal, you don’t have to worry about razor bumps, irritated skin, or any other shaving-related injuries. In fact, this method prevents 80 to 90% of your pubic hair from growing back. Unfortunately, this treatment tends to cost hundreds of dollars, and may not be a good match for your budget.\\nAlways schedule an appointment with an experienced, board-certified physician.\\nTips\\nStay away from tight underwear and clothing after you shave, so you don’t chafe or irritate your shaved skin by mistake.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nNever dry shave! Instead, always shave after taking a bath or shower.[26]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Razor bumps can be very painful and irritating, especially if they pop up around your pubic area. These pesky bumps form when the hair grows back into the skin, and can potentially lead to pimples and scarring. Not to worry! There are plenty of ways to stay comfortable after you shave. We’ve put together plenty of tips, tricks, and preventative measures you can try the next time you grab your razor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Trim your pubic hair beforehand.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A pair of scissors or some electric clippers will do the trick.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t immediately start shaving with a disposable razor—the thicker clumps of hair may dull your razor blade. Instead, trim your hair down until it’s about 1 to 3 cm (0.39 to 1.18 in) long.\\nA dull razor can lead to nicks and cuts.\\nNever trim your pubic hair with a dull pair of scissors.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hop in a warm shower or bath to shave.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Warm water softens your pubic hair and opens your pores.\", \"描述\": \"This makes shaving a lot easier and prevents those pesky bumps and razor burn.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Exfoliate before you shave.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Exfoliating removes dead skin cells, resulting in a closer shave.\", \"描述\": \"Gently go over your pubic area with an exfoliating sponge, loofah, or washcloth. Don’t use any harsh exfoliating products. Not enough exfoliation to remove excess layers of skin causes ingrown hairs. Daily exfoliation will prevent razor bumps because the hair will never get a chance to regrow towards the skin and become trapped.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Grab a fresh razor for each shave.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A sharp razor gives you a smooth, close shave.\", \"描述\": \"Pubic hair is really coarse and thick, so it's best to use a fresh, sharp blade each time. If you can, shave with a disposable razor built with cushions and moisturizing strips, which help protect your skin.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply shaving cream before you shave.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Shaving cream helps guard your skin as you're shaving.\", \"描述\": \"Special creams and gels create a “barrier” of sorts, which helps protect your skin. Get a cream made for sensitive skin and try to avoid using regular soap, which can leave your skin dry and irritated.\\nPick up shaving cream or gel from any store that sells razors and other personal grooming tools.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Shave with the grain of your pubic hair.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pubic hair usually grows downward.\", \"描述\": \"Hold your skin taut with one hand and use the other to guide your razor in smooth, downward motions. Go slow so you don't cut yourself.\\nShaving against the grain of your hair isn’t a good idea, and can leave you with painful razor bumps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Rinse off your razor in between passes.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"This clears away the hair stuck in the blades so you get a close shave.\", \"描述\": \"Once all the old hair is gone, shave another section of hair. Continue shaving and rinsing until you’re completely finished up.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Rinse off your skin with warm water and pat it dry.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Leaving shaving cream residue behind can irritate your skin.\", \"描述\": \"Then, pour cool water over your skin, which will encourage your pores to close. Gently pat the skin so it’s completely dry.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Apply an aloe vera gel after you shave.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Aloe vera gel soothes and moisturizes your skin.\", \"描述\": \"Use an alcohol-free aloe vera gel since products with alcohol can sting and irritate your skin If you don’t have any aloe vera gel, apply a moisturizing body oil or lotion to the area instead.\\nYou can also set a cool, damp cloth over your skin once you’re done shaving. This may prevent unwanted irritation, like razor bumps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Try hair removal creams instead of shaving.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hair removal creams may help prevent ingrown hairs.\", \"描述\": \"Follow the instructions on your box or bottle, and spread the cream over your skin. Wait several minutes, and then rinse off the cream completely.\\nHair removal creams can sting or burn. If you’ve never tried this type of product before, apply a very small amount first and see how your skin reacts.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Get a Brazilian wax.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A Brazilian wax removes all the hair in your pubic area.\", \"描述\": \"While you won’t get “razor bumps” from this kind of wax, you could still experience ingrown hairs. If you’re worried about this, consider booking a professional Brazilian wax at a salon.\\nWait until your hair is between ⁄4 to ⁄2 in (0.64 to 1.27 cm) long before you schedule a waxing appointment.\\nFor reference, a Brazilian wax lasts about 3-4 weeks.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Opt for laser hair removal.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Laser hair removal is an expensive but permanent solution.\", \"描述\": \"With laser hair removal, you don’t have to worry about razor bumps, irritated skin, or any other shaving-related injuries. In fact, this method prevents 80 to 90% of your pubic hair from growing back. Unfortunately, this treatment tends to cost hundreds of dollars, and may not be a good match for your budget.\\nAlways schedule an appointment with an experienced, board-certified physician.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Stay away from tight underwear and clothing after you shave, so you don’t chafe or irritate your shaved skin by mistake.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never dry shave! Instead, always shave after taking a bath or shower.[26]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,165 | How to Avoid Puffy Eyes in the Morning | 1. Get 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night.
Not getting enough sleep can make your eyes puffy and swollen.
If you keep waking up with irritated and puffy eyes, ask yourself if you've been sleeping enough. Try to get in the habit of going to sleep and waking up at the same times every day so you know you’re getting a full 7 to 9 hours.
2. Avoid eating food or looking at screens before bed.
Eating and screen-watching can impact your quality of sleep.
If you're not getting a good night's sleep, your eyes are more likely to be puffy in the morning. Make it a habit to stop eating and looking at screens an hour before you go to sleep.
3. Sleep on your back.
Gravity pulls fluid into your eyes when you sleep on your stomach or side.
When this happens, your eyes are more likely to look puffy and swollen in the morning. Sleep on your back so fluids are being pulled away from your under-eye area throughout the night.
Sleeping on your back may take some getting used to. Make an effort to fall asleep on your back every night. If you wake up and you’re on your side or stomach, make yourself turn over onto your back. Eventually, your body will get used to sleeping that way.
4. Prop your head up with an extra pillow.
Elevating your head can prevent fluids from pooling around your eyes.
Instead of sleeping with 1 pillow at night, sleep with 2 so your head is slightly raised. If sleeping with 2 pillows gives you a sore neck, try sleeping with 1 pillow folded in half so it's thicker, or use pillows that aren’t as stiff.
5. Wash your face every night.
Warm water and a gentle cleanser clear away debris that irritate your eyes.
When your eyes are irritated, they tend to get puffy and swollen. Keeping the skin around your eyes clean will reduce the chance that you’ll wake up with puffy, irritated eyes in the morning.
You can also wash your eyes in the morning by splashing your face with cold water. The cold water will clear out your eyes and help reduce any puffiness.
6. Eat less than 2,300 mg (0.16 tbsp) of sodium per day.
A high-sodium diet can lead to puffy eyes.
Sodium makes the body retain more fluid, and since fluid around the eyes is what makes them look puffy and swollen, you want to avoid eating too much of it.
An easy way to cut down on the sodium you eat is to limit how much processed foods and restaurant meals you're eating.
7. Avoid sugar and artificial sweeteners.
Sugar and artificial sweeteners can cause inflammation.
When baking or sweetening your coffee or tea, try using healthier alternatives to sugar and artificial sweeteners, like honey and stevia. When you’re buying packaged foods, read the ingredients list and look for things that are low in sugar and artificial sweeteners.
8. Drink less alcohol.
Drinking excessive alcohol causes bloating and dehydration.
It also impacts the quality of sleep you get, making the problem even worse. Try drinking less alcohol or no more than 1 to 2 drinks a day. If you do drink more, remember to drink water too so you stay hydrated.
9. Quit smoking.
Smoking weakens the already-sensitive skin under your eyes.
If you smoke, try to quit so you have a better chance of waking up with eyes that aren't puffy. If you're having trouble giving up smoking completely, cut back and see if that helps.
10. Use over-the-counter eye drops if you have allergies.
Swollen eyes can be a sign that your allergies are acting up.
If your eyes are also watering and itching, try over-the-counter allergy eye drops to soothe your eyes so they’re less puffy and irritated. You can also try a saline eye rinse to clear out your eyes.
11. Remember to take out your contacts.
Puffy eyes could be from leaving your contacts in for too long.
Sleeping with your contact lenses on or wearing them for long periods of time can cause your eyes to swell up.
Get in the habit of taking your contacts out in the evening so you don’t accidentally fall asleep wearing them.
12. Use eye creams and sunblock.
The skin around your eyes gets weaker with age.
If you notice your eyes are becoming puffier in the mornings as you get older, start applying an anti-aging under-eye cream to the skin under your eyes every night. Also, gently apply sunscreen to the skin around your eyes whenever you’re going to be outside to protect them from the sun.
Warnings
If your puffy eyes persist and you’re experiencing pain or discomfort, visit your doctor. There could be a more serious underlying cause.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Get 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night.\\nNot getting enough sleep can make your eyes puffy and swollen.\\nIf you keep waking up with irritated and puffy eyes, ask yourself if you've been sleeping enough. Try to get in the habit of going to sleep and waking up at the same times every day so you know you’re getting a full 7 to 9 hours.\\n2. Avoid eating food or looking at screens before bed.\\nEating and screen-watching can impact your quality of sleep.\\nIf you're not getting a good night's sleep, your eyes are more likely to be puffy in the morning. Make it a habit to stop eating and looking at screens an hour before you go to sleep.\\n3. Sleep on your back.\\nGravity pulls fluid into your eyes when you sleep on your stomach or side.\\nWhen this happens, your eyes are more likely to look puffy and swollen in the morning. Sleep on your back so fluids are being pulled away from your under-eye area throughout the night.\\nSleeping on your back may take some getting used to. Make an effort to fall asleep on your back every night. If you wake up and you’re on your side or stomach, make yourself turn over onto your back. Eventually, your body will get used to sleeping that way.\\n4. Prop your head up with an extra pillow.\\nElevating your head can prevent fluids from pooling around your eyes.\\nInstead of sleeping with 1 pillow at night, sleep with 2 so your head is slightly raised. If sleeping with 2 pillows gives you a sore neck, try sleeping with 1 pillow folded in half so it's thicker, or use pillows that aren’t as stiff.\\n5. Wash your face every night.\\nWarm water and a gentle cleanser clear away debris that irritate your eyes.\\nWhen your eyes are irritated, they tend to get puffy and swollen. Keeping the skin around your eyes clean will reduce the chance that you’ll wake up with puffy, irritated eyes in the morning.\\nYou can also wash your eyes in the morning by splashing your face with cold water. The cold water will clear out your eyes and help reduce any puffiness.\\n6. Eat less than 2,300 mg (0.16 tbsp) of sodium per day.\\nA high-sodium diet can lead to puffy eyes.\\nSodium makes the body retain more fluid, and since fluid around the eyes is what makes them look puffy and swollen, you want to avoid eating too much of it.\\nAn easy way to cut down on the sodium you eat is to limit how much processed foods and restaurant meals you're eating.\\n7. Avoid sugar and artificial sweeteners.\\nSugar and artificial sweeteners can cause inflammation.\\nWhen baking or sweetening your coffee or tea, try using healthier alternatives to sugar and artificial sweeteners, like honey and stevia. When you’re buying packaged foods, read the ingredients list and look for things that are low in sugar and artificial sweeteners.\\n8. Drink less alcohol.\\nDrinking excessive alcohol causes bloating and dehydration.\\nIt also impacts the quality of sleep you get, making the problem even worse. Try drinking less alcohol or no more than 1 to 2 drinks a day. If you do drink more, remember to drink water too so you stay hydrated.\\n9. Quit smoking.\\nSmoking weakens the already-sensitive skin under your eyes.\\nIf you smoke, try to quit so you have a better chance of waking up with eyes that aren't puffy. If you're having trouble giving up smoking completely, cut back and see if that helps.\\n10. Use over-the-counter eye drops if you have allergies.\\nSwollen eyes can be a sign that your allergies are acting up.\\nIf your eyes are also watering and itching, try over-the-counter allergy eye drops to soothe your eyes so they’re less puffy and irritated. You can also try a saline eye rinse to clear out your eyes.\\n11. Remember to take out your contacts.\\nPuffy eyes could be from leaving your contacts in for too long.\\nSleeping with your contact lenses on or wearing them for long periods of time can cause your eyes to swell up. \\nGet in the habit of taking your contacts out in the evening so you don’t accidentally fall asleep wearing them.\\n12. Use eye creams and sunblock.\\nThe skin around your eyes gets weaker with age.\\nIf you notice your eyes are becoming puffier in the mornings as you get older, start applying an anti-aging under-eye cream to the skin under your eyes every night. Also, gently apply sunscreen to the skin around your eyes whenever you’re going to be outside to protect them from the sun.\\nWarnings\\nIf your puffy eyes persist and you’re experiencing pain or discomfort, visit your doctor. There could be a more serious underlying cause.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Looking in the mirror in the morning to discover you have puffy, swollen eyes is a drag. Puffy eyes can be caused by fluid pooling in the sensitive skin under the eyes, or as the result of eye irritation. If puffy morning eyes have got you down, don’t worry! Here are some things you can do to prevent them from swelling at night.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Not getting enough sleep can make your eyes puffy and swollen.\", \"描述\": \"If you keep waking up with irritated and puffy eyes, ask yourself if you've been sleeping enough. Try to get in the habit of going to sleep and waking up at the same times every day so you know you’re getting a full 7 to 9 hours.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid eating food or looking at screens before bed.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Eating and screen-watching can impact your quality of sleep.\", \"描述\": \"If you're not getting a good night's sleep, your eyes are more likely to be puffy in the morning. Make it a habit to stop eating and looking at screens an hour before you go to sleep.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sleep on your back.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gravity pulls fluid into your eyes when you sleep on your stomach or side.\", \"描述\": \"When this happens, your eyes are more likely to look puffy and swollen in the morning. Sleep on your back so fluids are being pulled away from your under-eye area throughout the night.\\nSleeping on your back may take some getting used to. Make an effort to fall asleep on your back every night. If you wake up and you’re on your side or stomach, make yourself turn over onto your back. Eventually, your body will get used to sleeping that way.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prop your head up with an extra pillow.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Elevating your head can prevent fluids from pooling around your eyes.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of sleeping with 1 pillow at night, sleep with 2 so your head is slightly raised. If sleeping with 2 pillows gives you a sore neck, try sleeping with 1 pillow folded in half so it's thicker, or use pillows that aren’t as stiff.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wash your face every night.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Warm water and a gentle cleanser clear away debris that irritate your eyes.\", \"描述\": \"When your eyes are irritated, they tend to get puffy and swollen. Keeping the skin around your eyes clean will reduce the chance that you’ll wake up with puffy, irritated eyes in the morning.\\nYou can also wash your eyes in the morning by splashing your face with cold water. The cold water will clear out your eyes and help reduce any puffiness.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eat less than 2,300 mg (0.16 tbsp) of sodium per day.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A high-sodium diet can lead to puffy eyes.\", \"描述\": \"Sodium makes the body retain more fluid, and since fluid around the eyes is what makes them look puffy and swollen, you want to avoid eating too much of it.\\nAn easy way to cut down on the sodium you eat is to limit how much processed foods and restaurant meals you're eating.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Avoid sugar and artificial sweeteners.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sugar and artificial sweeteners can cause inflammation.\", \"描述\": \"When baking or sweetening your coffee or tea, try using healthier alternatives to sugar and artificial sweeteners, like honey and stevia. When you’re buying packaged foods, read the ingredients list and look for things that are low in sugar and artificial sweeteners.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Drink less alcohol.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drinking excessive alcohol causes bloating and dehydration.\", \"描述\": \"It also impacts the quality of sleep you get, making the problem even worse. Try drinking less alcohol or no more than 1 to 2 drinks a day. If you do drink more, remember to drink water too so you stay hydrated.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Quit smoking.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Smoking weakens the already-sensitive skin under your eyes.\", \"描述\": \"If you smoke, try to quit so you have a better chance of waking up with eyes that aren't puffy. If you're having trouble giving up smoking completely, cut back and see if that helps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Use over-the-counter eye drops if you have allergies.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Swollen eyes can be a sign that your allergies are acting up.\", \"描述\": \"If your eyes are also watering and itching, try over-the-counter allergy eye drops to soothe your eyes so they’re less puffy and irritated. You can also try a saline eye rinse to clear out your eyes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Remember to take out your contacts.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Puffy eyes could be from leaving your contacts in for too long.\", \"描述\": \"Sleeping with your contact lenses on or wearing them for long periods of time can cause your eyes to swell up. \\nGet in the habit of taking your contacts out in the evening so you don’t accidentally fall asleep wearing them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Use eye creams and sunblock.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The skin around your eyes gets weaker with age.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice your eyes are becoming puffier in the mornings as you get older, start applying an anti-aging under-eye cream to the skin under your eyes every night. Also, gently apply sunscreen to the skin around your eyes whenever you’re going to be outside to protect them from the sun.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"If your puffy eyes persist and you’re experiencing pain or discomfort, visit your doctor. There could be a more serious underlying cause.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,166 | How to Avoid Purchasing Faux Designer Sunglasses at eBay | 1. Steps
1-1. Look carefully at the wording.
Most official resellers who sell genuine sunglasses would let you know that what they are selling is authentic. So look for guaranteed authenticity.
1-2. Examine the photos for packaging.
Brand new sunglasses are always packed in a box and supplied with cleaning back and warranty card. Don't trust any seller who doesn't provide those items. The one and only case a seller can lack some of these items is when the sunglasses are not brand new and that can't be a good deal anyway. The vendor is highly unlikely to have a good explanation in any other situation.
1-3. Sometimes fake 'designer' items may say 'designer inspired'.
Don't fall for that trick; they say that so they don't get in trouble.
1-4. Check that labels are the same as you'd find if you bought from a retailer.
Authentic sunglasses package usually has labels on every item supplied in it. For example Oakley has the "Genuine O Software" label sewn on the cleaning box.
1-5. Beware of fake packaging.
Since many fraud sellers are aware of what a buyer is going to look at first, they try to either fake a box supplied or use a box from a different model.
1-6. Check the barcode to match the sunglasses.
Replicas are often packed in original boxes, the glasses themselves will have barcode labels torn off.
1-7. Look at the code on the interior temple arm of the glasses.
Once you have it, look at the designer site and verify the model number is authentic, a current style, appropriate color, etc.
1-8. Beware of deals too good to be true.
Another good replica indicator is the price. It shouldn't be far away from the average eBay value. For example, usually Oakley sunglasses are sold for over 50 USD. Anything below this price should be treated more carefully.
1-9. Research.
Consider research the work required to get a good deal when you find it. In the age of Internet every sunglasses company has its own website. You should take advantage of it. Browse the official website and make sure the model listed on eBay matches official one in color. It's amazing how many vendors sell wrong colored sunglasses.
1-10. Use caution if the auction seller is using official photos taken from the designer.
They may be copy and pasting the photo but selling you something that only looks similar. Make sure that the vendor doesn't use official photos. Well, in that case you should ask to email you a few real photos. When you get the pictures, look carefully for anything unusual.
1-11. Avoid any stickers on the glasses or either of the lenses.
Some people use stickers with the designer logo and attach it to the lens to give the appearance of being legitimate. Fraud vendors build fake authority by doing that. Don't buy it.
1-12. Skip any item with words like "-style" in the title.
That word is just screaming that it's a fake item.
1-13. Get a guarantee.
If you're not sure about authenticity of the sunglasses you've bought, get them checked by manufacturer. Most of them provide this service totally free if you mail your glasses to their head office. Also any official dealer would verify the sunglasses for you as well.
1-14. Ask the seller if something is not clear for you in the listing.
Official vendors won't avoid providing authenticity proof. Don't bid if the seller doesn't reply to request like that.
1-15. Ask the seller if the items is 100% authentic by [designer] and if you find the item isn't authentic they will refund your money, shipping and handling.
If they say no, you should beware.
1-16. Check the sellers feedback.
See if they deal with real items or have been accused of selling fake items.
1-17. Beware of extremely new sellers.
They may have been kicked off or banned.
1-18. Report anyone selling fake goods as the real thing or by having item descriptions that turn out to be false once you learn the real story from the seller.
By doing your part to police the opportunist you can make auction sites better for everyone.
Warnings
Any deal that is too good to be true usually is.
Be very clear and specific with your email to the seller. Don't just ask if it's authentic, ask if the item is 100% guaranteed authentic merchandise, by the specific designer.
Watch out for for dealers that have less than 98% positive ratings. Exercising caution when buying from less reputable sellers can save you a lot of hassle in the long-run.
Don't bid until you have the real story about and item and its authenticity.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Look carefully at the wording.\\nMost official resellers who sell genuine sunglasses would let you know that what they are selling is authentic. So look for guaranteed authenticity.\\n1-2. Examine the photos for packaging.\\nBrand new sunglasses are always packed in a box and supplied with cleaning back and warranty card. Don't trust any seller who doesn't provide those items. The one and only case a seller can lack some of these items is when the sunglasses are not brand new and that can't be a good deal anyway. The vendor is highly unlikely to have a good explanation in any other situation.\\n1-3. Sometimes fake 'designer' items may say 'designer inspired'.\\nDon't fall for that trick; they say that so they don't get in trouble.\\n1-4. Check that labels are the same as you'd find if you bought from a retailer.\\nAuthentic sunglasses package usually has labels on every item supplied in it. For example Oakley has the \\\"Genuine O Software\\\" label sewn on the cleaning box.\\n1-5. Beware of fake packaging.\\nSince many fraud sellers are aware of what a buyer is going to look at first, they try to either fake a box supplied or use a box from a different model.\\n1-6. Check the barcode to match the sunglasses.\\nReplicas are often packed in original boxes, the glasses themselves will have barcode labels torn off.\\n1-7. Look at the code on the interior temple arm of the glasses.\\nOnce you have it, look at the designer site and verify the model number is authentic, a current style, appropriate color, etc.\\n1-8. Beware of deals too good to be true.\\nAnother good replica indicator is the price. It shouldn't be far away from the average eBay value. For example, usually Oakley sunglasses are sold for over 50 USD. Anything below this price should be treated more carefully.\\n1-9. Research.\\nConsider research the work required to get a good deal when you find it. In the age of Internet every sunglasses company has its own website. You should take advantage of it. Browse the official website and make sure the model listed on eBay matches official one in color. It's amazing how many vendors sell wrong colored sunglasses.\\n1-10. Use caution if the auction seller is using official photos taken from the designer.\\nThey may be copy and pasting the photo but selling you something that only looks similar. Make sure that the vendor doesn't use official photos. Well, in that case you should ask to email you a few real photos. When you get the pictures, look carefully for anything unusual.\\n1-11. Avoid any stickers on the glasses or either of the lenses.\\nSome people use stickers with the designer logo and attach it to the lens to give the appearance of being legitimate. Fraud vendors build fake authority by doing that. Don't buy it.\\n1-12. Skip any item with words like \\\"-style\\\" in the title.\\nThat word is just screaming that it's a fake item.\\n1-13. Get a guarantee.\\nIf you're not sure about authenticity of the sunglasses you've bought, get them checked by manufacturer. Most of them provide this service totally free if you mail your glasses to their head office. Also any official dealer would verify the sunglasses for you as well.\\n1-14. Ask the seller if something is not clear for you in the listing.\\nOfficial vendors won't avoid providing authenticity proof. Don't bid if the seller doesn't reply to request like that.\\n1-15. Ask the seller if the items is 100% authentic by [designer] and if you find the item isn't authentic they will refund your money, shipping and handling.\\nIf they say no, you should beware.\\n1-16. Check the sellers feedback.\\nSee if they deal with real items or have been accused of selling fake items.\\n1-17. Beware of extremely new sellers.\\nThey may have been kicked off or banned.\\n1-18. Report anyone selling fake goods as the real thing or by having item descriptions that turn out to be false once you learn the real story from the seller.\\nBy doing your part to police the opportunist you can make auction sites better for everyone.\\nWarnings\\nAny deal that is too good to be true usually is.\\nBe very clear and specific with your email to the seller. Don't just ask if it's authentic, ask if the item is 100% guaranteed authentic merchandise, by the specific designer.\\nWatch out for for dealers that have less than 98% positive ratings. Exercising caution when buying from less reputable sellers can save you a lot of hassle in the long-run.\\nDon't bid until you have the real story about and item and its authenticity.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The following article provides a few tips that will greatly minimize the chances of purchasing a pair of faux designer sunglasses at eBay.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look carefully at the wording.\", \"描述\": \"Most official resellers who sell genuine sunglasses would let you know that what they are selling is authentic. So look for guaranteed authenticity.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Examine the photos for packaging.\", \"描述\": \"Brand new sunglasses are always packed in a box and supplied with cleaning back and warranty card. Don't trust any seller who doesn't provide those items. The one and only case a seller can lack some of these items is when the sunglasses are not brand new and that can't be a good deal anyway. The vendor is highly unlikely to have a good explanation in any other situation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sometimes fake 'designer' items may say 'designer inspired'.\", \"描述\": \"Don't fall for that trick; they say that so they don't get in trouble.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check that labels are the same as you'd find if you bought from a retailer.\", \"描述\": \"Authentic sunglasses package usually has labels on every item supplied in it. For example Oakley has the \\\"Genuine O Software\\\" label sewn on the cleaning box.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Beware of fake packaging.\", \"描述\": \"Since many fraud sellers are aware of what a buyer is going to look at first, they try to either fake a box supplied or use a box from a different model.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Check the barcode to match the sunglasses.\", \"描述\": \"Replicas are often packed in original boxes, the glasses themselves will have barcode labels torn off.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Look at the code on the interior temple arm of the glasses.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have it, look at the designer site and verify the model number is authentic, a current style, appropriate color, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Beware of deals too good to be true.\", \"描述\": \"Another good replica indicator is the price. It shouldn't be far away from the average eBay value. For example, usually Oakley sunglasses are sold for over 50 USD. Anything below this price should be treated more carefully.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Research.\", \"描述\": \"Consider research the work required to get a good deal when you find it. In the age of Internet every sunglasses company has its own website. You should take advantage of it. Browse the official website and make sure the model listed on eBay matches official one in color. It's amazing how many vendors sell wrong colored sunglasses.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Use caution if the auction seller is using official photos taken from the designer.\", \"描述\": \"They may be copy and pasting the photo but selling you something that only looks similar. Make sure that the vendor doesn't use official photos. Well, in that case you should ask to email you a few real photos. When you get the pictures, look carefully for anything unusual.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Avoid any stickers on the glasses or either of the lenses.\", \"描述\": \"Some people use stickers with the designer logo and attach it to the lens to give the appearance of being legitimate. Fraud vendors build fake authority by doing that. Don't buy it.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Skip any item with words like \\\"-style\\\" in the title.\", \"描述\": \"That word is just screaming that it's a fake item.\"}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Get a guarantee.\", \"描述\": \"If you're not sure about authenticity of the sunglasses you've bought, get them checked by manufacturer. Most of them provide this service totally free if you mail your glasses to their head office. Also any official dealer would verify the sunglasses for you as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Ask the seller if something is not clear for you in the listing.\", \"描述\": \"Official vendors won't avoid providing authenticity proof. Don't bid if the seller doesn't reply to request like that.\"}, {\"编号\": 15, \"标题\": \"Ask the seller if the items is 100% authentic by [designer] and if you find the item isn't authentic they will refund your money, shipping and handling.\", \"描述\": \"If they say no, you should beware.\"}, {\"编号\": 16, \"标题\": \"Check the sellers feedback.\", \"描述\": \"See if they deal with real items or have been accused of selling fake items.\"}, {\"编号\": 17, \"标题\": \"Beware of extremely new sellers.\", \"描述\": \"They may have been kicked off or banned.\"}, {\"编号\": 18, \"标题\": \"Report anyone selling fake goods as the real thing or by having item descriptions that turn out to be false once you learn the real story from the seller.\", \"描述\": \"By doing your part to police the opportunist you can make auction sites better for everyone.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Any deal that is too good to be true usually is.\\n\", \"Be very clear and specific with your email to the seller. Don't just ask if it's authentic, ask if the item is 100% guaranteed authentic merchandise, by the specific designer.\\n\", \"Watch out for for dealers that have less than 98% positive ratings. Exercising caution when buying from less reputable sellers can save you a lot of hassle in the long-run.\\n\", \"Don't bid until you have the real story about and item and its authenticity.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,167 | How to Avoid Queerbaiting in Writing | 1. What is queerbaiting?
It's a bait-and-switch technique that hints at queerness but never shows it.
You might have seen this in movies or a series, since it's quite prevalent on television. Queerbaiting is a "bait-and-switch" technique of drawing in viewers by hinting at a character's queerness, but it's never actually shown. As mentioned, it's a marketing approach to gain more viewers, which seems like a good thing--but it's a lot more harmful than most people would think.
2. What's the difference between queer coding and queerbaiting?
Many people often get confused by the terms "queer-coding" and "queerbaiting" and don't know what the difference is, but the two are very different.
When an LGBTQ romance or queerness is "hinted" at but isn't actually portrayed. For example, when two women in a TV series often flirt with each other but never get into a relationship or state that they are interested in each other. Queerbaiting is always negative.
When characters are not officially proclaimed to be queer, yet there is enough subtext for an audience to interpret them as queer. For example, a male character wearing makeup each episode of a TV series. Queer coding isn't necessarily negative or positive, but when it's used too much in media, it can be harmful.
3. Why is queerbaiting harmful?
3-1. It may cause young viewers to assume that there is little LGBTQ representation and feel isolated.
Young people who identify as LGBTQ and view media with queerbaiting can feel inadequately represented. These sorts of bait-and-switch techniques also exacerbate the mental health concerns that queer people are already more prone to encounter, such as depression and anxiety. When queer youth don't see themselves reflected in media, it can be isolating.
3-2. It's invalidating to LGBTQ people.
When same-gender attraction or LGBTQ identities are suggested but never shown, this can be invalidating for people who identify as LGBTQ. Queerbaiting is a way to "sweep" LGBTQ identities "under the rug;" this is very invalidating to queer folks.
3-3. Queerbaiting is considered an attempt to "erase" queer identities.
When characters are hinted at to be LGBTQ and then aren't actually shown to be, or never state their identity, this can appear as a way to "erase" queer identities by showing same-gender attraction or being LGBTQ as "a phase" or "not a real thing".
3-4. It allows firms to benefit from deceptive marketing to the LGBTQ community.
Queerbaiting also contributes to the LGBTQ community's stigma, since it inhibits society from viewing LGBTQ individuals as just normal, everyday humans functioning in a culture where they can live happy, healthy, normal lives out in the open.
4. How can I avoid queerbaiting in my own writing?
4-1. Don't be afraid to write queer characters and relationships.
Many cisgender and/or straight writers are "cautious" or don't want to add LGBTQ characters to their story because they think they will misrepresent queer-identifying people. Writing a queer character or relationship is nearly the same as writing any other characters or relationship.
However, there are some things you must keep in mind to write LGBTQ characters respectfully and properly. Check out How to Make a Fictional LGBT Character to do this.
4-2. Make character relationships clear.
The character's friendship and relationship should be made clear in your story. For example, if two guys flirt with each other throughout your story and clearly like one another, make them a couple at the end. If a character likes their best friend and flirts with them, but their friend doesn't feel the same way, have one of them say they aren't interested in dating. Don't make a character have a love interest and leave the reader hanging.
Remember that questions about love interests and relationships should be answered by the end of the story. The reader should be able to read your story and say something like, "two guys were in love with each other and finally decided to go on a date at the last chapter of the story," not "two guys were in love and flirted, but they never actually started dating."
4-3. Try to include one or two same-gender couples in your story.
This is a simple way to add LGBTQ representation to your story. Try having a story character talk about their partner in a conversation, or make a primary character bring her girlfriend to a party.
4-4. Add a least one known queer character in your story.
Make at least one queer character in your story, and have them clearly state their identity or sexual orientation. Avoid "beating around the bush" with their identity as the story goes on because this is what queerbaiting truly is.
4-5. If the main character isn't queer, add a few LGBTQ background characters.
Have one or more of the main character's friends, peers, family members, colleagues, or teachers mention that they are LGBTQ or in a same-gender relationship. Simply having one character that is (openly) LGBTQ can make all the difference for inclusivity in your story.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What is queerbaiting?\\nIt's a bait-and-switch technique that hints at queerness but never shows it.\\nYou might have seen this in movies or a series, since it's quite prevalent on television. Queerbaiting is a \\\"bait-and-switch\\\" technique of drawing in viewers by hinting at a character's queerness, but it's never actually shown. As mentioned, it's a marketing approach to gain more viewers, which seems like a good thing--but it's a lot more harmful than most people would think.\\n2. What's the difference between queer coding and queerbaiting?\\nMany people often get confused by the terms \\\"queer-coding\\\" and \\\"queerbaiting\\\" and don't know what the difference is, but the two are very different.\\nWhen an LGBTQ romance or queerness is \\\"hinted\\\" at but isn't actually portrayed. For example, when two women in a TV series often flirt with each other but never get into a relationship or state that they are interested in each other. Queerbaiting is always negative.\\n When characters are not officially proclaimed to be queer, yet there is enough subtext for an audience to interpret them as queer. For example, a male character wearing makeup each episode of a TV series. Queer coding isn't necessarily negative or positive, but when it's used too much in media, it can be harmful.\\n3. Why is queerbaiting harmful?\\n3-1. It may cause young viewers to assume that there is little LGBTQ representation and feel isolated.\\nYoung people who identify as LGBTQ and view media with queerbaiting can feel inadequately represented. These sorts of bait-and-switch techniques also exacerbate the mental health concerns that queer people are already more prone to encounter, such as depression and anxiety. When queer youth don't see themselves reflected in media, it can be isolating.\\n3-2. It's invalidating to LGBTQ people.\\nWhen same-gender attraction or LGBTQ identities are suggested but never shown, this can be invalidating for people who identify as LGBTQ. Queerbaiting is a way to \\\"sweep\\\" LGBTQ identities \\\"under the rug;\\\" this is very invalidating to queer folks.\\n3-3. Queerbaiting is considered an attempt to \\\"erase\\\" queer identities.\\nWhen characters are hinted at to be LGBTQ and then aren't actually shown to be, or never state their identity, this can appear as a way to \\\"erase\\\" queer identities by showing same-gender attraction or being LGBTQ as \\\"a phase\\\" or \\\"not a real thing\\\".\\n3-4. It allows firms to benefit from deceptive marketing to the LGBTQ community.\\nQueerbaiting also contributes to the LGBTQ community's stigma, since it inhibits society from viewing LGBTQ individuals as just normal, everyday humans functioning in a culture where they can live happy, healthy, normal lives out in the open.\\n4. How can I avoid queerbaiting in my own writing?\\n4-1. Don't be afraid to write queer characters and relationships.\\nMany cisgender and/or straight writers are \\\"cautious\\\" or don't want to add LGBTQ characters to their story because they think they will misrepresent queer-identifying people. Writing a queer character or relationship is nearly the same as writing any other characters or relationship.\\nHowever, there are some things you must keep in mind to write LGBTQ characters respectfully and properly. Check out How to Make a Fictional LGBT Character to do this.\\n4-2. Make character relationships clear.\\nThe character's friendship and relationship should be made clear in your story. For example, if two guys flirt with each other throughout your story and clearly like one another, make them a couple at the end. If a character likes their best friend and flirts with them, but their friend doesn't feel the same way, have one of them say they aren't interested in dating. Don't make a character have a love interest and leave the reader hanging.\\nRemember that questions about love interests and relationships should be answered by the end of the story. The reader should be able to read your story and say something like, \\\"two guys were in love with each other and finally decided to go on a date at the last chapter of the story,\\\" not \\\"two guys were in love and flirted, but they never actually started dating.\\\"\\n4-3. Try to include one or two same-gender couples in your story.\\nThis is a simple way to add LGBTQ representation to your story. Try having a story character talk about their partner in a conversation, or make a primary character bring her girlfriend to a party.\\n4-4. Add a least one known queer character in your story.\\nMake at least one queer character in your story, and have them clearly state their identity or sexual orientation. Avoid \\\"beating around the bush\\\" with their identity as the story goes on because this is what queerbaiting truly is.\\n4-5. If the main character isn't queer, add a few LGBTQ background characters.\\nHave one or more of the main character's friends, peers, family members, colleagues, or teachers mention that they are LGBTQ or in a same-gender relationship. Simply having one character that is (openly) LGBTQ can make all the difference for inclusivity in your story.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Queerbaiting--if you're queer yourself, you might already know what this harmful marketing tactic is. Queerbaiting is shown most commonly on TV but can be seen in books, music, and any other type of media. You may already know that queerbaiting is bad--but what exactly is queerbaiting? In this wikiHow, you will learn what queerbaiting really is and how to avoid queerbaiting in stories you write.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What is queerbaiting?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It's a bait-and-switch technique that hints at queerness but never shows it.\", \"描述\": \"You might have seen this in movies or a series, since it's quite prevalent on television. Queerbaiting is a \\\"bait-and-switch\\\" technique of drawing in viewers by hinting at a character's queerness, but it's never actually shown. As mentioned, it's a marketing approach to gain more viewers, which seems like a good thing--but it's a lot more harmful than most people would think.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What's the difference between queer coding and queerbaiting?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Many people often get confused by the terms \\\"queer-coding\\\" and \\\"queerbaiting\\\" and don't know what the difference is, but the two are very different.\", \"描述\": \"When an LGBTQ romance or queerness is \\\"hinted\\\" at but isn't actually portrayed. For example, when two women in a TV series often flirt with each other but never get into a relationship or state that they are interested in each other. Queerbaiting is always negative.\\n When characters are not officially proclaimed to be queer, yet there is enough subtext for an audience to interpret them as queer. For example, a male character wearing makeup each episode of a TV series. Queer coding isn't necessarily negative or positive, but when it's used too much in media, it can be harmful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Why is queerbaiting harmful?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It may cause young viewers to assume that there is little LGBTQ representation and feel isolated.\", \"描述\": \"Young people who identify as LGBTQ and view media with queerbaiting can feel inadequately represented. These sorts of bait-and-switch techniques also exacerbate the mental health concerns that queer people are already more prone to encounter, such as depression and anxiety. When queer youth don't see themselves reflected in media, it can be isolating.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"It's invalidating to LGBTQ people.\", \"描述\": \"When same-gender attraction or LGBTQ identities are suggested but never shown, this can be invalidating for people who identify as LGBTQ. Queerbaiting is a way to \\\"sweep\\\" LGBTQ identities \\\"under the rug;\\\" this is very invalidating to queer folks.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Queerbaiting is considered an attempt to \\\"erase\\\" queer identities.\", \"描述\": \"When characters are hinted at to be LGBTQ and then aren't actually shown to be, or never state their identity, this can appear as a way to \\\"erase\\\" queer identities by showing same-gender attraction or being LGBTQ as \\\"a phase\\\" or \\\"not a real thing\\\".\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"It allows firms to benefit from deceptive marketing to the LGBTQ community.\", \"描述\": \"Queerbaiting also contributes to the LGBTQ community's stigma, since it inhibits society from viewing LGBTQ individuals as just normal, everyday humans functioning in a culture where they can live happy, healthy, normal lives out in the open.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"How can I avoid queerbaiting in my own writing?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't be afraid to write queer characters and relationships.\", \"描述\": \"Many cisgender and/or straight writers are \\\"cautious\\\" or don't want to add LGBTQ characters to their story because they think they will misrepresent queer-identifying people. Writing a queer character or relationship is nearly the same as writing any other characters or relationship.\\nHowever, there are some things you must keep in mind to write LGBTQ characters respectfully and properly. Check out How to Make a Fictional LGBT Character to do this.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make character relationships clear.\", \"描述\": \"The character's friendship and relationship should be made clear in your story. For example, if two guys flirt with each other throughout your story and clearly like one another, make them a couple at the end. If a character likes their best friend and flirts with them, but their friend doesn't feel the same way, have one of them say they aren't interested in dating. Don't make a character have a love interest and leave the reader hanging.\\nRemember that questions about love interests and relationships should be answered by the end of the story. The reader should be able to read your story and say something like, \\\"two guys were in love with each other and finally decided to go on a date at the last chapter of the story,\\\" not \\\"two guys were in love and flirted, but they never actually started dating.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try to include one or two same-gender couples in your story.\", \"描述\": \"This is a simple way to add LGBTQ representation to your story. Try having a story character talk about their partner in a conversation, or make a primary character bring her girlfriend to a party.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add a least one known queer character in your story.\", \"描述\": \"Make at least one queer character in your story, and have them clearly state their identity or sexual orientation. Avoid \\\"beating around the bush\\\" with their identity as the story goes on because this is what queerbaiting truly is.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"If the main character isn't queer, add a few LGBTQ background characters.\", \"描述\": \"Have one or more of the main character's friends, peers, family members, colleagues, or teachers mention that they are LGBTQ or in a same-gender relationship. Simply having one character that is (openly) LGBTQ can make all the difference for inclusivity in your story.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,168 | How to Avoid Queues at Thorpe Park | 1. Before You Go
1-1. Pick the best day to visit Thorpe Park.
When planning your visit, you'll want to consider both the month and the day of the week in order to reduce the time spent in queues as much as possible.
Go during the off-season months. The least busy months are April, May and September. These months have reduced wait times as they are when the park has just opened/closed, schools have gone back, and there are no special events on. Avoid going to the park in peak summer months as almost every day tends to be busy, leading to queues of sometimes up to 2 hours per ride.
Visit the park during the week if possible. The best days to go are Tuesdays, Wednesdays or Thursdays, as on these days the queues are up to four times shorter since most people are in school or at work.
1-2. Plan how you'll get to the park.
It's important to bare travel time in mind so that you'll ensure you get to the gate on time and avoid waiting in long queues there. You can get most of the way to Thorpe Park using public transit by taking a train (or another form of transportation) to Waterloo, then hopping on a train to Reading (they leave every 20 minutes), and getting off at Staines. It's about 30 - 40 minutes if you take the slow train. Once at Staines, you have a few different options:
Take the Thorpe Park Bus, which is faster than the local bus but more expensive (£3.70 for a return).
Take the local bus, which is a bit slower, but the tickets are cheaper (£2.40 return).
Walk, but keep in mind that the park is 4.8 km (3 miles) away, so it could take up to an hour to get there.
1-3. Consider pre-ordering a Fastrack package online.
Fastracks enable you to skip the normal queue and enter a special, shorter queue reserved for Fastrack pass holders. If you would like to purchase a Fastrack, it's a good idea to pre-order them online before you go, as the park only sells a limited amount of them each day and they often get sold out.
2. On the Day Of
2-1. Arrive early.
Whether you have pre-ordered tickets, or are getting them at the gate (with or without vouchers) make sure you get to the gate at least half an hour early. Generally queues build up about a half hour before the park opens and it remains busy until 3PM, and then they die down in the park's final opening hours of the day.
2-2. Ride your favourite rides first.
Be reasonable, and imagine the park will be really busy, so choose 4 - 6 rides you really really want to do, and get them out of the way before the queues get too long. After you've ridden your favourite ones, you can then be more systematic in your choices in order to avoid queues.
2-3. Start at the left side of the park and work your way to the right side.
The public tend to swarm to the right hand side of the park, near Stealth, the Swarm and Nemesis Inferno, so do these later in the day. Try to start off over as far left as you can - the rides like Rush, Vortex, Quantum, and even Saw, Colossus or Samurai. Saw and Colossus both get queues of over 60 minutes in peak times (afternoons and weekends), so do these early.
2-4. Eat lunch very early or very late.
Most restaurants are open by 11:30, and the queues peak from 12:30 - 1:00, especially for popular ones such as KFC or Pizza Pasta. It's recommended to either get to the restaurant as the doors open, or wait to eat until around 2:30PM, when people are doing their final rides and starting to leave. This will pay off two-fold - you won't have to wait in long queues to get your food, and if you're on the rides while everyone else is eating lunch, the ride queues will be smaller.
2-5. Wait until later to ride the bigger rides once their queues have peaked.
Once you see on the billboards of ride times dotted round the park that the big rides have reached queues of up and over 40 minutes, stop joining these big queues and head for the ones with smaller queues instead. Wait until later on in the day, when people are starting to go home and the queues are dying down, to ride these big rides.
Tips
Avoid going on special days, such as Halloween, as queues will be busier then.
Stay in the park for as long as you can as the queues start to get shorter later in the day.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Before You Go\\n1-1. Pick the best day to visit Thorpe Park.\\nWhen planning your visit, you'll want to consider both the month and the day of the week in order to reduce the time spent in queues as much as possible.\\nGo during the off-season months. The least busy months are April, May and September. These months have reduced wait times as they are when the park has just opened/closed, schools have gone back, and there are no special events on. Avoid going to the park in peak summer months as almost every day tends to be busy, leading to queues of sometimes up to 2 hours per ride.\\nVisit the park during the week if possible. The best days to go are Tuesdays, Wednesdays or Thursdays, as on these days the queues are up to four times shorter since most people are in school or at work.\\n1-2. Plan how you'll get to the park.\\nIt's important to bare travel time in mind so that you'll ensure you get to the gate on time and avoid waiting in long queues there. You can get most of the way to Thorpe Park using public transit by taking a train (or another form of transportation) to Waterloo, then hopping on a train to Reading (they leave every 20 minutes), and getting off at Staines. It's about 30 - 40 minutes if you take the slow train. Once at Staines, you have a few different options:\\nTake the Thorpe Park Bus, which is faster than the local bus but more expensive (£3.70 for a return).\\nTake the local bus, which is a bit slower, but the tickets are cheaper (£2.40 return).\\nWalk, but keep in mind that the park is 4.8 km (3 miles) away, so it could take up to an hour to get there.\\n1-3. Consider pre-ordering a Fastrack package online.\\nFastracks enable you to skip the normal queue and enter a special, shorter queue reserved for Fastrack pass holders. If you would like to purchase a Fastrack, it's a good idea to pre-order them online before you go, as the park only sells a limited amount of them each day and they often get sold out.\\n2. On the Day Of\\n2-1. Arrive early.\\nWhether you have pre-ordered tickets, or are getting them at the gate (with or without vouchers) make sure you get to the gate at least half an hour early. Generally queues build up about a half hour before the park opens and it remains busy until 3PM, and then they die down in the park's final opening hours of the day.\\n2-2. Ride your favourite rides first.\\nBe reasonable, and imagine the park will be really busy, so choose 4 - 6 rides you really really want to do, and get them out of the way before the queues get too long. After you've ridden your favourite ones, you can then be more systematic in your choices in order to avoid queues.\\n2-3. Start at the left side of the park and work your way to the right side.\\nThe public tend to swarm to the right hand side of the park, near Stealth, the Swarm and Nemesis Inferno, so do these later in the day. Try to start off over as far left as you can - the rides like Rush, Vortex, Quantum, and even Saw, Colossus or Samurai. Saw and Colossus both get queues of over 60 minutes in peak times (afternoons and weekends), so do these early.\\n2-4. Eat lunch very early or very late.\\nMost restaurants are open by 11:30, and the queues peak from 12:30 - 1:00, especially for popular ones such as KFC or Pizza Pasta. It's recommended to either get to the restaurant as the doors open, or wait to eat until around 2:30PM, when people are doing their final rides and starting to leave. This will pay off two-fold - you won't have to wait in long queues to get your food, and if you're on the rides while everyone else is eating lunch, the ride queues will be smaller.\\n2-5. Wait until later to ride the bigger rides once their queues have peaked.\\nOnce you see on the billboards of ride times dotted round the park that the big rides have reached queues of up and over 40 minutes, stop joining these big queues and head for the ones with smaller queues instead. Wait until later on in the day, when people are starting to go home and the queues are dying down, to ride these big rides.\\nTips\\nAvoid going on special days, such as Halloween, as queues will be busier then.\\nStay in the park for as long as you can as the queues start to get shorter later in the day.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Because Thorpe Park is a popular theme park, you may find yourself spending most of your day there waiting in queues. However, if you plan accordingly, you can beat the queues and make the most out of your day at the park.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Before You Go\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pick the best day to visit Thorpe Park.\", \"描述\": \"When planning your visit, you'll want to consider both the month and the day of the week in order to reduce the time spent in queues as much as possible.\\nGo during the off-season months. The least busy months are April, May and September. These months have reduced wait times as they are when the park has just opened/closed, schools have gone back, and there are no special events on. Avoid going to the park in peak summer months as almost every day tends to be busy, leading to queues of sometimes up to 2 hours per ride.\\nVisit the park during the week if possible. The best days to go are Tuesdays, Wednesdays or Thursdays, as on these days the queues are up to four times shorter since most people are in school or at work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Plan how you'll get to the park.\", \"描述\": \"It's important to bare travel time in mind so that you'll ensure you get to the gate on time and avoid waiting in long queues there. You can get most of the way to Thorpe Park using public transit by taking a train (or another form of transportation) to Waterloo, then hopping on a train to Reading (they leave every 20 minutes), and getting off at Staines. It's about 30 - 40 minutes if you take the slow train. Once at Staines, you have a few different options:\\nTake the Thorpe Park Bus, which is faster than the local bus but more expensive (£3.70 for a return).\\nTake the local bus, which is a bit slower, but the tickets are cheaper (£2.40 return).\\nWalk, but keep in mind that the park is 4.8 km (3 miles) away, so it could take up to an hour to get there.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider pre-ordering a Fastrack package online.\", \"描述\": \"Fastracks enable you to skip the normal queue and enter a special, shorter queue reserved for Fastrack pass holders. If you would like to purchase a Fastrack, it's a good idea to pre-order them online before you go, as the park only sells a limited amount of them each day and they often get sold out.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"On the Day Of\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Arrive early.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you have pre-ordered tickets, or are getting them at the gate (with or without vouchers) make sure you get to the gate at least half an hour early. Generally queues build up about a half hour before the park opens and it remains busy until 3PM, and then they die down in the park's final opening hours of the day.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ride your favourite rides first.\", \"描述\": \"Be reasonable, and imagine the park will be really busy, so choose 4 - 6 rides you really really want to do, and get them out of the way before the queues get too long. After you've ridden your favourite ones, you can then be more systematic in your choices in order to avoid queues.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start at the left side of the park and work your way to the right side.\", \"描述\": \"The public tend to swarm to the right hand side of the park, near Stealth, the Swarm and Nemesis Inferno, so do these later in the day. Try to start off over as far left as you can - the rides like Rush, Vortex, Quantum, and even Saw, Colossus or Samurai. Saw and Colossus both get queues of over 60 minutes in peak times (afternoons and weekends), so do these early.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Eat lunch very early or very late.\", \"描述\": \"Most restaurants are open by 11:30, and the queues peak from 12:30 - 1:00, especially for popular ones such as KFC or Pizza Pasta. It's recommended to either get to the restaurant as the doors open, or wait to eat until around 2:30PM, when people are doing their final rides and starting to leave. This will pay off two-fold - you won't have to wait in long queues to get your food, and if you're on the rides while everyone else is eating lunch, the ride queues will be smaller.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait until later to ride the bigger rides once their queues have peaked.\", \"描述\": \"Once you see on the billboards of ride times dotted round the park that the big rides have reached queues of up and over 40 minutes, stop joining these big queues and head for the ones with smaller queues instead. Wait until later on in the day, when people are starting to go home and the queues are dying down, to ride these big rides.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Avoid going on special days, such as Halloween, as queues will be busier then.\\n\", \"Stay in the park for as long as you can as the queues start to get shorter later in the day.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,169 | How to Avoid Repeating the Old Same Mistakes All over Again | 1. Acknowledge your mistakes without fearing them.
A healthy recognition of failure helps you grow.
It can be hard to admit failure, but if you run from it, you lose out on the chance to learn from it. Admit the mistake to yourself or the person it affected, so you can re-examine how it happened and do better next time. If facing your errors makes you anxious or frightened, remind yourself how normal this is:
Every single person makes mistakes.
Most failures are temporary setbacks, rather than absolute disasters.
People who achieve great things often had great failures along the way.
2. Accept that mistakes play a role in your life.
Mistakes are both unavoidable and useful.
Your brain has powerful, split-second tools to protect you, and those tools learn from your errors. Shift your focus away from feelings of failure and disappointment, and toward a more rational approach that helps you learn the right lesson. By untangling what actually happened and what you could have done differently, you turn a mistake into a setup for success.
3. Recognize what you are doing right.
Give yourself credit instead of beating yourself up.
While acknowledging mistakes is valuable, too much focus on the negatives can make you "shut down" and avoid thinking about what happened. Feeling bad and reinforcing that with negative thoughts isn't actually productive. Spend some time giving yourself the credit you deserve:
Make a list of everything you've overcome and all your successes.
Write down qualities about yourself that you value.
If you have regrets about a complicated situation, identify the actions you took that improved it or stopped it getting worse, even if they didn't fully succeed.
4. Fight perfectionism with self-empathy.
Quiet your inner critic when it grows too loud.
People with perfectionism or depression often hyper-focus on mistakes. If you struggle to praise yourself or see your value, make being kind to yourself a top priority. Overcoming these struggles doesn't mean you will never criticize yourself again; it means shaping that internal critic into something more realistic, kinder, and less central to your sense of self. A healthy frame of mind makes it much easier to improve yourself.
If praising yourself is difficult, try talking to yourself as though you were talking to your best friend.
Reword the thoughts of your "inner critic" as a different person talking to you: turn "I always screw up" into "You always screw up."
Keep treating your inner critic as a different person and argue with them. Come up with counterexamples to prove them wrong.
5. Give yourself tools to avoid repeating mistakes.
Set yourself up for success in concrete ways.
You can't just shout at yourself to do better and expect it to magically happen. Approach your difficulties with a realistic mindset and take steps in advance to stop old patterns from playing out again. Here are some examples:
If you regularly miss the due date of bills, make a large, visual reminder ahead of time.
If you keep ignoring warning signs in your romantic life, ask your trusted friends to vet your dates and speak up if their alarm bells go off.
6. Identify behaviors that lead to mistakes.
Examine your life for behavior patterns you'd like to work on.
If you're caught in a loop making the same mistakes, it's probably because you have a blind spot in how you're viewing the world and behaving within it. Reflect on your unconscious habits and how they relate to your life:
Try to face the hidden motivations behind your behavior. Do you game for hours because you are avoiding the people in your household? Do you jump on and off diets because of low self esteem? You may need to focus on the root cause before the surface-level behavior changes.
Don't take on too much at once. Focus on a select few issues that you feel deserve the most attention, or even just one at a time.
7. Set realistic standards for your behavior.
Realistic standards help you improve without hurting yourself.
You can set high expectations for yourself, but don't dream of making full-court shots before you ever pick up a basketball. Hold yourself to standards you can achieve without burning out or sacrificing other parts of your life. This will give you more wins, which reinforce good habits and help you build better behaviors over time.
For example, instead of the standard of "perfect communication," recognize that it's still a win if you pull back and stop an argument instead of escalating it. It's another win if you have a calmer conversation later about what happened.
Instead of the unrealistic goal to "just stop" procrastinating your homework, set a goal to at least do ten minutes the day it's assigned. Once you can do that consistently, try to do half of it in advance. Reward yourself for these milestones, and you'll be more likely to keep improving.
8. Learn to cope with behavioral triggers.
Find out what triggers your behavior and adapt to it.
What situations or events lead to the behaviors you're unhappy with? Your mistakes don't just appear out of nowhere. They can be encouraged by other people, stressful events, and even little things like missing a meal. Identifying these patterns is the first step toward changing your response to them, or preventing them from coming up in the first place.
If you can't identify the triggers, carry a journal (or phone writing app) with you and write down your daily experiences and moods. Reread old entries to look for patterns that might cause stress, such as irregular sleep or meals, and to remind yourself of things you did that got you back on track.
We all have stories that run in our subconscious that influence our behaviors, so examine your actions carefully. What are you doing? How might you inadvertently be creating these unfortunate situations for yourself?
9. Replace old behaviors with new ones.
Keep the new behavior simple and prepare in advance.
Our brain loves to charge back into familiar habits, even when they make us miserable. Instead of trying to stop that charge, redirect it to a new behavior:
Make a plan ahead of time for what you will do in response to each trigger. If a relative pushes your buttons, you could excuse yourself to the bathroom instead of fighting.
Keep these plans simple. If stress makes you want to smoke, a breathing exercise is something you can try almost anywhere. Going for a jog anytime you're stressed is impractical.
Write down this plan to cement it. This is about taking radical responsibility for your life so you can create a break in your habits.
10. Find a partner in self-improvement.
Trade encouragement with an accountability partner.
Someone you can check in with for encouragement can help you stick to your goals once the initial motivation wears off. Choosing the right person makes all the difference, so put some thought into it:
It's often best to choose an acquaintance or even a stranger (for instance, someone at the gym if you're trying to improve your fitness). Romantic partners or close friends can have trouble adapting to the new role.
Partners should be non-judgemental and give positive reinforcement. Trust can grow over time, but start with someone who at least makes you feel comfortable.
The more seriously you both take it, the more helpful it will be. Choose someone who is willing to commit to scheduled check-ins, and not flake out on them.
11. Pick yourself up after setbacks.
Setbacks will happen; what matters is how you respond to them.
Changing old habits, unpacking your own trauma, facing your relationship to failure: all of this is valuable work, but it can also be difficult and draining on a bad day. It is completely normal to feel confident and motivated at one moment, and then fall into pessimism and regret. When you do make a mistake again, there are ways to get back on track:
While you're still feeling the negative emotions, seek support from the right people in the right environment—people who won't judge you, and places that won't trigger more negative behaviors.
After you're feeling a bit better, look back at how the setback happened. Maybe something unexpectedly triggered strong emotions in you—work out why, and how you could avoid that next time.
Think about how your coping strategies failed. Is there a way to make them easier or more accessible?
Finally, think about how you handled the setback during the worst of it. Is there a healthier and faster way to get through the dark times? Can you ask someone now if you can contact them for support next time, so the idea will already be in your head?
12. Build resilience for long-term success.
Seek supportive communities for long-term stability.
Breaking the cycle of mistakes and regret is fantastic, but it doesn't happen once and fix everything forever. For long-term success, surround yourself with people who see your best self and want to support it. Feelings of connection and belonging are some of the most powerful tools for overcoming the setbacks that try and drop you into old patterns.
In your social circle, spend time with people who are empathetic and understanding. Distance yourself from people who mock your feelings.
Seek new communities with strong social bonds, such as a local organization with regular meetings.
Volunteering for people in need will not only make you feel connected, but also give you a sense of purpose—another excellent source of self-worth.
Tips
Be patient as you work towards your goals. Changing a habit can take anywhere from 15 to 254 days depending on motivation, replacement behavior, and amount of repetition.[20]
X
Research source
Mind and body is key, only what you allow inside will reflect to what occurs on the outside.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Acknowledge your mistakes without fearing them.\\nA healthy recognition of failure helps you grow.\\nIt can be hard to admit failure, but if you run from it, you lose out on the chance to learn from it. Admit the mistake to yourself or the person it affected, so you can re-examine how it happened and do better next time. If facing your errors makes you anxious or frightened, remind yourself how normal this is:\\nEvery single person makes mistakes.\\nMost failures are temporary setbacks, rather than absolute disasters.\\nPeople who achieve great things often had great failures along the way.\\n2. Accept that mistakes play a role in your life.\\nMistakes are both unavoidable and useful.\\nYour brain has powerful, split-second tools to protect you, and those tools learn from your errors. Shift your focus away from feelings of failure and disappointment, and toward a more rational approach that helps you learn the right lesson. By untangling what actually happened and what you could have done differently, you turn a mistake into a setup for success.\\n3. Recognize what you are doing right.\\nGive yourself credit instead of beating yourself up.\\nWhile acknowledging mistakes is valuable, too much focus on the negatives can make you \\\"shut down\\\" and avoid thinking about what happened. Feeling bad and reinforcing that with negative thoughts isn't actually productive. Spend some time giving yourself the credit you deserve:\\nMake a list of everything you've overcome and all your successes.\\nWrite down qualities about yourself that you value.\\nIf you have regrets about a complicated situation, identify the actions you took that improved it or stopped it getting worse, even if they didn't fully succeed.\\n4. Fight perfectionism with self-empathy.\\nQuiet your inner critic when it grows too loud.\\nPeople with perfectionism or depression often hyper-focus on mistakes. If you struggle to praise yourself or see your value, make being kind to yourself a top priority. Overcoming these struggles doesn't mean you will never criticize yourself again; it means shaping that internal critic into something more realistic, kinder, and less central to your sense of self. A healthy frame of mind makes it much easier to improve yourself.\\nIf praising yourself is difficult, try talking to yourself as though you were talking to your best friend.\\nReword the thoughts of your \\\"inner critic\\\" as a different person talking to you: turn \\\"I always screw up\\\" into \\\"You always screw up.\\\"\\nKeep treating your inner critic as a different person and argue with them. Come up with counterexamples to prove them wrong.\\n5. Give yourself tools to avoid repeating mistakes.\\nSet yourself up for success in concrete ways.\\nYou can't just shout at yourself to do better and expect it to magically happen. Approach your difficulties with a realistic mindset and take steps in advance to stop old patterns from playing out again. Here are some examples:\\nIf you regularly miss the due date of bills, make a large, visual reminder ahead of time.\\nIf you keep ignoring warning signs in your romantic life, ask your trusted friends to vet your dates and speak up if their alarm bells go off.\\n6. Identify behaviors that lead to mistakes.\\nExamine your life for behavior patterns you'd like to work on.\\nIf you're caught in a loop making the same mistakes, it's probably because you have a blind spot in how you're viewing the world and behaving within it. Reflect on your unconscious habits and how they relate to your life:\\nTry to face the hidden motivations behind your behavior. Do you game for hours because you are avoiding the people in your household? Do you jump on and off diets because of low self esteem? You may need to focus on the root cause before the surface-level behavior changes.\\nDon't take on too much at once. Focus on a select few issues that you feel deserve the most attention, or even just one at a time.\\n7. Set realistic standards for your behavior.\\nRealistic standards help you improve without hurting yourself.\\nYou can set high expectations for yourself, but don't dream of making full-court shots before you ever pick up a basketball. Hold yourself to standards you can achieve without burning out or sacrificing other parts of your life. This will give you more wins, which reinforce good habits and help you build better behaviors over time.\\nFor example, instead of the standard of \\\"perfect communication,\\\" recognize that it's still a win if you pull back and stop an argument instead of escalating it. It's another win if you have a calmer conversation later about what happened.\\nInstead of the unrealistic goal to \\\"just stop\\\" procrastinating your homework, set a goal to at least do ten minutes the day it's assigned. Once you can do that consistently, try to do half of it in advance. Reward yourself for these milestones, and you'll be more likely to keep improving.\\n8. Learn to cope with behavioral triggers.\\nFind out what triggers your behavior and adapt to it.\\nWhat situations or events lead to the behaviors you're unhappy with? Your mistakes don't just appear out of nowhere. They can be encouraged by other people, stressful events, and even little things like missing a meal. Identifying these patterns is the first step toward changing your response to them, or preventing them from coming up in the first place.\\nIf you can't identify the triggers, carry a journal (or phone writing app) with you and write down your daily experiences and moods. Reread old entries to look for patterns that might cause stress, such as irregular sleep or meals, and to remind yourself of things you did that got you back on track.\\nWe all have stories that run in our subconscious that influence our behaviors, so examine your actions carefully. What are you doing? How might you inadvertently be creating these unfortunate situations for yourself?\\n9. Replace old behaviors with new ones.\\nKeep the new behavior simple and prepare in advance.\\nOur brain loves to charge back into familiar habits, even when they make us miserable. Instead of trying to stop that charge, redirect it to a new behavior:\\nMake a plan ahead of time for what you will do in response to each trigger. If a relative pushes your buttons, you could excuse yourself to the bathroom instead of fighting.\\nKeep these plans simple. If stress makes you want to smoke, a breathing exercise is something you can try almost anywhere. Going for a jog anytime you're stressed is impractical.\\nWrite down this plan to cement it. This is about taking radical responsibility for your life so you can create a break in your habits.\\n10. Find a partner in self-improvement.\\nTrade encouragement with an accountability partner.\\nSomeone you can check in with for encouragement can help you stick to your goals once the initial motivation wears off. Choosing the right person makes all the difference, so put some thought into it:\\nIt's often best to choose an acquaintance or even a stranger (for instance, someone at the gym if you're trying to improve your fitness). Romantic partners or close friends can have trouble adapting to the new role.\\nPartners should be non-judgemental and give positive reinforcement. Trust can grow over time, but start with someone who at least makes you feel comfortable.\\nThe more seriously you both take it, the more helpful it will be. Choose someone who is willing to commit to scheduled check-ins, and not flake out on them.\\n11. Pick yourself up after setbacks.\\nSetbacks will happen; what matters is how you respond to them.\\nChanging old habits, unpacking your own trauma, facing your relationship to failure: all of this is valuable work, but it can also be difficult and draining on a bad day. It is completely normal to feel confident and motivated at one moment, and then fall into pessimism and regret. When you do make a mistake again, there are ways to get back on track:\\nWhile you're still feeling the negative emotions, seek support from the right people in the right environment—people who won't judge you, and places that won't trigger more negative behaviors.\\nAfter you're feeling a bit better, look back at how the setback happened. Maybe something unexpectedly triggered strong emotions in you—work out why, and how you could avoid that next time.\\nThink about how your coping strategies failed. Is there a way to make them easier or more accessible?\\nFinally, think about how you handled the setback during the worst of it. Is there a healthier and faster way to get through the dark times? Can you ask someone now if you can contact them for support next time, so the idea will already be in your head?\\n12. Build resilience for long-term success.\\nSeek supportive communities for long-term stability.\\nBreaking the cycle of mistakes and regret is fantastic, but it doesn't happen once and fix everything forever. For long-term success, surround yourself with people who see your best self and want to support it. Feelings of connection and belonging are some of the most powerful tools for overcoming the setbacks that try and drop you into old patterns.\\nIn your social circle, spend time with people who are empathetic and understanding. Distance yourself from people who mock your feelings.\\nSeek new communities with strong social bonds, such as a local organization with regular meetings.\\nVolunteering for people in need will not only make you feel connected, but also give you a sense of purpose—another excellent source of self-worth.\\nTips\\nBe patient as you work towards your goals. Changing a habit can take anywhere from 15 to 254 days depending on motivation, replacement behavior, and amount of repetition.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nMind and body is key, only what you allow inside will reflect to what occurs on the outside.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Sometimes we feel like we’re doomed to keep repeating the same mistakes over and over again, but what really holds us back are exactly those voices of fear and regret. The best way to break the cycle is to encourage the better sides of yourself with positive emotions. Learn from your mistakes, yes, but not by locking yourself in a state of pain and self-loathing. There is a better way forward.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acknowledge your mistakes without fearing them.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A healthy recognition of failure helps you grow.\", \"描述\": \"It can be hard to admit failure, but if you run from it, you lose out on the chance to learn from it. Admit the mistake to yourself or the person it affected, so you can re-examine how it happened and do better next time. If facing your errors makes you anxious or frightened, remind yourself how normal this is:\\nEvery single person makes mistakes.\\nMost failures are temporary setbacks, rather than absolute disasters.\\nPeople who achieve great things often had great failures along the way.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Accept that mistakes play a role in your life.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mistakes are both unavoidable and useful.\", \"描述\": \"Your brain has powerful, split-second tools to protect you, and those tools learn from your errors. Shift your focus away from feelings of failure and disappointment, and toward a more rational approach that helps you learn the right lesson. By untangling what actually happened and what you could have done differently, you turn a mistake into a setup for success.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Recognize what you are doing right.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Give yourself credit instead of beating yourself up.\", \"描述\": \"While acknowledging mistakes is valuable, too much focus on the negatives can make you \\\"shut down\\\" and avoid thinking about what happened. Feeling bad and reinforcing that with negative thoughts isn't actually productive. Spend some time giving yourself the credit you deserve:\\nMake a list of everything you've overcome and all your successes.\\nWrite down qualities about yourself that you value.\\nIf you have regrets about a complicated situation, identify the actions you took that improved it or stopped it getting worse, even if they didn't fully succeed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fight perfectionism with self-empathy.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Quiet your inner critic when it grows too loud.\", \"描述\": \"People with perfectionism or depression often hyper-focus on mistakes. If you struggle to praise yourself or see your value, make being kind to yourself a top priority. Overcoming these struggles doesn't mean you will never criticize yourself again; it means shaping that internal critic into something more realistic, kinder, and less central to your sense of self. A healthy frame of mind makes it much easier to improve yourself.\\nIf praising yourself is difficult, try talking to yourself as though you were talking to your best friend.\\nReword the thoughts of your \\\"inner critic\\\" as a different person talking to you: turn \\\"I always screw up\\\" into \\\"You always screw up.\\\"\\nKeep treating your inner critic as a different person and argue with them. Come up with counterexamples to prove them wrong.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Give yourself tools to avoid repeating mistakes.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set yourself up for success in concrete ways.\", \"描述\": \"You can't just shout at yourself to do better and expect it to magically happen. Approach your difficulties with a realistic mindset and take steps in advance to stop old patterns from playing out again. Here are some examples:\\nIf you regularly miss the due date of bills, make a large, visual reminder ahead of time.\\nIf you keep ignoring warning signs in your romantic life, ask your trusted friends to vet your dates and speak up if their alarm bells go off.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Identify behaviors that lead to mistakes.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Examine your life for behavior patterns you'd like to work on.\", \"描述\": \"If you're caught in a loop making the same mistakes, it's probably because you have a blind spot in how you're viewing the world and behaving within it. Reflect on your unconscious habits and how they relate to your life:\\nTry to face the hidden motivations behind your behavior. Do you game for hours because you are avoiding the people in your household? Do you jump on and off diets because of low self esteem? You may need to focus on the root cause before the surface-level behavior changes.\\nDon't take on too much at once. Focus on a select few issues that you feel deserve the most attention, or even just one at a time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Set realistic standards for your behavior.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Realistic standards help you improve without hurting yourself.\", \"描述\": \"You can set high expectations for yourself, but don't dream of making full-court shots before you ever pick up a basketball. Hold yourself to standards you can achieve without burning out or sacrificing other parts of your life. This will give you more wins, which reinforce good habits and help you build better behaviors over time.\\nFor example, instead of the standard of \\\"perfect communication,\\\" recognize that it's still a win if you pull back and stop an argument instead of escalating it. It's another win if you have a calmer conversation later about what happened.\\nInstead of the unrealistic goal to \\\"just stop\\\" procrastinating your homework, set a goal to at least do ten minutes the day it's assigned. Once you can do that consistently, try to do half of it in advance. Reward yourself for these milestones, and you'll be more likely to keep improving.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Learn to cope with behavioral triggers.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find out what triggers your behavior and adapt to it.\", \"描述\": \"What situations or events lead to the behaviors you're unhappy with? Your mistakes don't just appear out of nowhere. They can be encouraged by other people, stressful events, and even little things like missing a meal. Identifying these patterns is the first step toward changing your response to them, or preventing them from coming up in the first place.\\nIf you can't identify the triggers, carry a journal (or phone writing app) with you and write down your daily experiences and moods. Reread old entries to look for patterns that might cause stress, such as irregular sleep or meals, and to remind yourself of things you did that got you back on track.\\nWe all have stories that run in our subconscious that influence our behaviors, so examine your actions carefully. What are you doing? How might you inadvertently be creating these unfortunate situations for yourself?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Replace old behaviors with new ones.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep the new behavior simple and prepare in advance.\", \"描述\": \"Our brain loves to charge back into familiar habits, even when they make us miserable. Instead of trying to stop that charge, redirect it to a new behavior:\\nMake a plan ahead of time for what you will do in response to each trigger. If a relative pushes your buttons, you could excuse yourself to the bathroom instead of fighting.\\nKeep these plans simple. If stress makes you want to smoke, a breathing exercise is something you can try almost anywhere. Going for a jog anytime you're stressed is impractical.\\nWrite down this plan to cement it. This is about taking radical responsibility for your life so you can create a break in your habits.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Find a partner in self-improvement.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Trade encouragement with an accountability partner.\", \"描述\": \"Someone you can check in with for encouragement can help you stick to your goals once the initial motivation wears off. Choosing the right person makes all the difference, so put some thought into it:\\nIt's often best to choose an acquaintance or even a stranger (for instance, someone at the gym if you're trying to improve your fitness). Romantic partners or close friends can have trouble adapting to the new role.\\nPartners should be non-judgemental and give positive reinforcement. Trust can grow over time, but start with someone who at least makes you feel comfortable.\\nThe more seriously you both take it, the more helpful it will be. Choose someone who is willing to commit to scheduled check-ins, and not flake out on them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Pick yourself up after setbacks.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Setbacks will happen; what matters is how you respond to them.\", \"描述\": \"Changing old habits, unpacking your own trauma, facing your relationship to failure: all of this is valuable work, but it can also be difficult and draining on a bad day. It is completely normal to feel confident and motivated at one moment, and then fall into pessimism and regret. When you do make a mistake again, there are ways to get back on track:\\nWhile you're still feeling the negative emotions, seek support from the right people in the right environment—people who won't judge you, and places that won't trigger more negative behaviors.\\nAfter you're feeling a bit better, look back at how the setback happened. Maybe something unexpectedly triggered strong emotions in you—work out why, and how you could avoid that next time.\\nThink about how your coping strategies failed. Is there a way to make them easier or more accessible?\\nFinally, think about how you handled the setback during the worst of it. Is there a healthier and faster way to get through the dark times? Can you ask someone now if you can contact them for support next time, so the idea will already be in your head?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Build resilience for long-term success.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seek supportive communities for long-term stability.\", \"描述\": \"Breaking the cycle of mistakes and regret is fantastic, but it doesn't happen once and fix everything forever. For long-term success, surround yourself with people who see your best self and want to support it. Feelings of connection and belonging are some of the most powerful tools for overcoming the setbacks that try and drop you into old patterns.\\nIn your social circle, spend time with people who are empathetic and understanding. Distance yourself from people who mock your feelings.\\nSeek new communities with strong social bonds, such as a local organization with regular meetings.\\nVolunteering for people in need will not only make you feel connected, but also give you a sense of purpose—another excellent source of self-worth.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be patient as you work towards your goals. Changing a habit can take anywhere from 15 to 254 days depending on motivation, replacement behavior, and amount of repetition.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Mind and body is key, only what you allow inside will reflect to what occurs on the outside.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,170 | How to Avoid Road Rage | 1. Avoiding Feelings of Road Rage
1-1. Keep your driving environment calm.
Making your car a happy, peaceful place will help keep your road anger at bay. Listen to music that makes you happy or that calms you down. Creating a positive driving environment will help keep you calm during your commute and aid you in ignoring the road rage of others.
Listening to audio books is one good way to remain calm during a long commute.
1-2. Allow yourself plenty of time.
Being late will make you anxious and impatient, so you'll be more likely to get angry at other drivers or make irresponsible driving decisions that will make them angry at you. Leaving yourself plenty of drive time will help you stay relaxed.
1-3. Relax your grip.
If you begin to clench the steering wheel while driving, wiggle your fingers and then try to hold the wheel with a more relaxed grip. You will retain control of the car, while feeling less tense.
1-4. Use cruise control.
If your vehicle has cruise control and road conditions will allow it, using this feature will give your right leg a break and may make you feel less stressed.
You should only use cruise control in situations where you can drive safely at the same speed for extended periods of time – use manual control in stop-and-go traffic situations.
1-5. Take a deep breath.
If you feel yourself getting tense and anxious, take several slow, deep breaths. This should calm you down. Roll your window down every now and then, to let in some fresh air.
1-6. Keep your car and its windshield clean.
Whether you are consciously aware of it or not, clutter can cause stressful feelings. Trying to see through a dirty windshield, or struggling to clean a dirty windshield with the wiper fluid every few minutes, will also cause you feel anxious and tense – feelings which can quickly lead to road rage.
1-7. Take a break if you need to.
It's a good idea to pull over if you are feeling symptoms of road rage. Find a safe place to pull over and park, then get out and walk around for a few minutes until you feel more calm.
Never try to pull over on the side of a busy street or highway – continue to the next exit, then find a safe place to stop the car.
Try not to drive more than 3 hours at a time. If you are on a long road trip, take a break at least every 3 hours and pull over to stretch your legs.
1-8. Find alternate routes if necessary.
If construction zones or rush hour highway traffic tend to make you edgy and more likely to express your road rage, find another way to get where you need to go. Use an online mapping system to look at alternate routes using calmer back roads that will make you less likely to get angry while driving.
1-9. Get plenty of sleep.
Doctors generally recommend that adults get about 8 hours of sleep per night. If you are sleeping less than this, the accumulated sleep loss will seriously affect your mood. Being tired can lead to anger, resentment, and annoyance, all of which contribute to road rage.
1-10. Avoid making driving a race or a contest.
You're not trying to “win” anything when you are behind the wheel – you're trying to get where you're going, safely. Don't allow yourself to get drawn into contests with other drivers who want to race, or who dodge in and out of lanes trying to pass you.
Some people enjoy passing you and then slowing down, for mysterious passive-aggressive reasons of their own. If possible, slow down enough to get behind a different car. Keep your distance from any driver who seems to be "playing games” with you.
1-11. Avoid distractions.
Don't talk on the phone, text message, eat, or apply lipstick while driving. This could cause you to be caught off guard by other drivers' actions, fueling your road rage and causing a dangerous incident.
1-12. Shorten your commute.
If you find yourself continually battling feelings of road rage, you may need to consider taking a different job or moving closer to your job, to shorten your commute. A high salary will not offset the unhappiness caused by spending too much time on the road, when you could be spending with family and friends, or engaging in activities you enjoy.
1-13. Take a road rage self-test.
To find out whether your driving style is considered aggressive, take an online self-test. Being aware of your own tendencies toward road rage may make you more aware of the need to control it.
1-14. Talk to your doctor.
Some doctors believe that a condition known as Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is responsible for road rage in certain people. Speak to your doctor if you continually experience feelings of anger or aggression, or have difficulty controlling your temper or your behavior.
IED may contribute to other factors such as depression, substance abuse, anxiety, and a difficulty maintaining healthy relationships.
Your doctor may suggest therapy or medication to help control IED symptoms.
2. Dealing with Other People's Road Rage
2-1. Avoid eye contact.
Although it can be difficult not to react when someone is shouting at you, the best thing to do is ignore it. Keep your eyes on the road, and try not to make eye contact with the enraged driver.
2-2. Avoid escalation.
If an angry driver yells at you or shares a rude gesture out his or her window, don't shout back at them. Continue to drive as safely as possible ignore the angry driver. Fighting and driving angry is dangerous to both of you as well as the other drivers and will only cause the situation to escalate.
Roughly half of US drivers reported responding to an enraged driver by yelling back or making a rude gesture.
As many as 37% of road rage incidents involve a firearm. This alone is an excellent reason to avoid road rage escalation.
2-3. Remember that it's nothing personal.
If another driver cuts you off or honks at you, it's because they're experiencing their own road rage, not because they are angry at you. Don't let it ruin your commute. Taking offense at his or her action will only cause your own road rage to escalate.
2-4. Stay safe.
If you do become a victim of another driver's road rage and you feel threatened, take steps to keep yourself safe. Note the license plate number, make, and model of the vehicle in case the situation escalates and there is vehicle damage. If you're being followed, drive to the nearest police station and request assistance.
3. Practicing Good Driving Etiquette
3-1. Be a polite driver.
Allow other drivers to pass you or get over into your lane if needed. Being courteous puts everyone in a more stable state of mind.
3-2. Put your phone away.
Talking or texting while driving is a terrible distraction that often causes accidents. Road rage can be triggered if an angry driver spots you using your phone in the car.
Cell phone usage causes more than 25% of auto accidents in the US.
13 US states and D.C. have laws prohibiting hand-held phone use while driving: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.
Talking on a hand-held phone is also illegal in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands.
37 states and D.C. ban phone use while driving for novice drivers (drivers under a specified age – anywhere from 16 to 20, depending on the state).
Texting while driving is even more dangerous than talking on the phone. If you're driving 55 mph and take your eyes off the road for 5 seconds to read a text, that's the equivalent of driving the entire length of a football field, while blindfolded.
3-3. Use your turn signals.
Any time you plan to make a turn or change lanes, use your turn signal. It can be extremely frightening when someone suddenly cuts into the lane ahead of you, without warning you first. This is a major road rage trigger for some people.
3-4. Check your blind spots.
Twice. When changing lanes, especially at interstate highway speeds, be sure to look behind you and check any blind spots to make sure you aren't going to accidentally cut somebody off. Slotting into a lane carelessly and forcing the driver in that lane to slam on the brakes can easily spark road rage.
3-5. Lay off the horn.
Excessive honking is a road rage trigger for many people, and it's just generally a rude thing to do. Your horn should only be used in rare situations when you need to alert another driver of your presence.
Use your horn if another driver doesn't seem to see you while backing out of a parking space.
Use your horn to alert another driver that your lane is occupied, if it looks like they are about to swerve into you.
Do not use your horn because you're tired of sitting still in a traffic jam. Everyone else is equally annoyed, and using your horn will only make people angry. It won't alleviate the traffic.
Do not use your horn to punish the driver in front of you if they don't immediately move when the light turns green. (If they continue to sit still, you can honk. Just try not to be obnoxious about it.)
3-6. Be aware of your high beams.
When it's dark out and you're using your high beams for increased visibility, always remember to switch over to regular beams when you spot an oncoming car. Being blinded by an inconsiderate person's high beams on a dark, deserted road is a recipe for road rage.
3-7. Resist the urge to brake sharply as a warning.
When the car behind you is following too closely, don't slam on the brakes to “wake them up.” This often leads to a rear-end collision. Even tapping your brakes lightly, hoping the other driver will take the hint, can lead to a crash. Using your 4-way hazards when someone's narrowing the distance behind you, or if you see other hazards ahead, is safer than using your brakes right away as it helps alert everyone behind you.
When you are being tailgated (followed too closely for safety), move to a different lane if possible.
If you can't change lanes, slow down gradually and allow the driver behind to pass you.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:24",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Feelings of Road Rage\\n1-1. Keep your driving environment calm.\\nMaking your car a happy, peaceful place will help keep your road anger at bay. Listen to music that makes you happy or that calms you down. Creating a positive driving environment will help keep you calm during your commute and aid you in ignoring the road rage of others.\\nListening to audio books is one good way to remain calm during a long commute.\\n1-2. Allow yourself plenty of time.\\nBeing late will make you anxious and impatient, so you'll be more likely to get angry at other drivers or make irresponsible driving decisions that will make them angry at you. Leaving yourself plenty of drive time will help you stay relaxed.\\n1-3. Relax your grip.\\nIf you begin to clench the steering wheel while driving, wiggle your fingers and then try to hold the wheel with a more relaxed grip. You will retain control of the car, while feeling less tense.\\n1-4. Use cruise control.\\nIf your vehicle has cruise control and road conditions will allow it, using this feature will give your right leg a break and may make you feel less stressed.\\nYou should only use cruise control in situations where you can drive safely at the same speed for extended periods of time – use manual control in stop-and-go traffic situations.\\n1-5. Take a deep breath.\\nIf you feel yourself getting tense and anxious, take several slow, deep breaths. This should calm you down. Roll your window down every now and then, to let in some fresh air.\\n1-6. Keep your car and its windshield clean.\\nWhether you are consciously aware of it or not, clutter can cause stressful feelings. Trying to see through a dirty windshield, or struggling to clean a dirty windshield with the wiper fluid every few minutes, will also cause you feel anxious and tense – feelings which can quickly lead to road rage.\\n1-7. Take a break if you need to.\\nIt's a good idea to pull over if you are feeling symptoms of road rage. Find a safe place to pull over and park, then get out and walk around for a few minutes until you feel more calm.\\nNever try to pull over on the side of a busy street or highway – continue to the next exit, then find a safe place to stop the car.\\nTry not to drive more than 3 hours at a time. If you are on a long road trip, take a break at least every 3 hours and pull over to stretch your legs.\\n1-8. Find alternate routes if necessary.\\nIf construction zones or rush hour highway traffic tend to make you edgy and more likely to express your road rage, find another way to get where you need to go. Use an online mapping system to look at alternate routes using calmer back roads that will make you less likely to get angry while driving.\\n1-9. Get plenty of sleep.\\nDoctors generally recommend that adults get about 8 hours of sleep per night. If you are sleeping less than this, the accumulated sleep loss will seriously affect your mood. Being tired can lead to anger, resentment, and annoyance, all of which contribute to road rage.\\n1-10. Avoid making driving a race or a contest.\\nYou're not trying to “win” anything when you are behind the wheel – you're trying to get where you're going, safely. Don't allow yourself to get drawn into contests with other drivers who want to race, or who dodge in and out of lanes trying to pass you.\\nSome people enjoy passing you and then slowing down, for mysterious passive-aggressive reasons of their own. If possible, slow down enough to get behind a different car. Keep your distance from any driver who seems to be \\\"playing games” with you.\\n1-11. Avoid distractions.\\nDon't talk on the phone, text message, eat, or apply lipstick while driving. This could cause you to be caught off guard by other drivers' actions, fueling your road rage and causing a dangerous incident.\\n1-12. Shorten your commute.\\nIf you find yourself continually battling feelings of road rage, you may need to consider taking a different job or moving closer to your job, to shorten your commute. A high salary will not offset the unhappiness caused by spending too much time on the road, when you could be spending with family and friends, or engaging in activities you enjoy.\\n1-13. Take a road rage self-test.\\nTo find out whether your driving style is considered aggressive, take an online self-test. Being aware of your own tendencies toward road rage may make you more aware of the need to control it.\\n1-14. Talk to your doctor.\\nSome doctors believe that a condition known as Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is responsible for road rage in certain people. Speak to your doctor if you continually experience feelings of anger or aggression, or have difficulty controlling your temper or your behavior.\\nIED may contribute to other factors such as depression, substance abuse, anxiety, and a difficulty maintaining healthy relationships.\\nYour doctor may suggest therapy or medication to help control IED symptoms.\\n2. Dealing with Other People's Road Rage\\n2-1. Avoid eye contact.\\nAlthough it can be difficult not to react when someone is shouting at you, the best thing to do is ignore it. Keep your eyes on the road, and try not to make eye contact with the enraged driver.\\n2-2. Avoid escalation.\\nIf an angry driver yells at you or shares a rude gesture out his or her window, don't shout back at them. Continue to drive as safely as possible ignore the angry driver. Fighting and driving angry is dangerous to both of you as well as the other drivers and will only cause the situation to escalate.\\nRoughly half of US drivers reported responding to an enraged driver by yelling back or making a rude gesture.\\nAs many as 37% of road rage incidents involve a firearm. This alone is an excellent reason to avoid road rage escalation.\\n2-3. Remember that it's nothing personal.\\nIf another driver cuts you off or honks at you, it's because they're experiencing their own road rage, not because they are angry at you. Don't let it ruin your commute. Taking offense at his or her action will only cause your own road rage to escalate.\\n2-4. Stay safe.\\nIf you do become a victim of another driver's road rage and you feel threatened, take steps to keep yourself safe. Note the license plate number, make, and model of the vehicle in case the situation escalates and there is vehicle damage. If you're being followed, drive to the nearest police station and request assistance.\\n3. Practicing Good Driving Etiquette\\n3-1. Be a polite driver.\\nAllow other drivers to pass you or get over into your lane if needed. Being courteous puts everyone in a more stable state of mind.\\n3-2. Put your phone away.\\nTalking or texting while driving is a terrible distraction that often causes accidents. Road rage can be triggered if an angry driver spots you using your phone in the car.\\nCell phone usage causes more than 25% of auto accidents in the US.\\n13 US states and D.C. have laws prohibiting hand-held phone use while driving: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.\\nTalking on a hand-held phone is also illegal in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands.\\n37 states and D.C. ban phone use while driving for novice drivers (drivers under a specified age – anywhere from 16 to 20, depending on the state).\\nTexting while driving is even more dangerous than talking on the phone. If you're driving 55 mph and take your eyes off the road for 5 seconds to read a text, that's the equivalent of driving the entire length of a football field, while blindfolded.\\n3-3. Use your turn signals.\\nAny time you plan to make a turn or change lanes, use your turn signal. It can be extremely frightening when someone suddenly cuts into the lane ahead of you, without warning you first. This is a major road rage trigger for some people.\\n3-4. Check your blind spots.\\nTwice. When changing lanes, especially at interstate highway speeds, be sure to look behind you and check any blind spots to make sure you aren't going to accidentally cut somebody off. Slotting into a lane carelessly and forcing the driver in that lane to slam on the brakes can easily spark road rage.\\n3-5. Lay off the horn.\\nExcessive honking is a road rage trigger for many people, and it's just generally a rude thing to do. Your horn should only be used in rare situations when you need to alert another driver of your presence.\\nUse your horn if another driver doesn't seem to see you while backing out of a parking space.\\nUse your horn to alert another driver that your lane is occupied, if it looks like they are about to swerve into you.\\nDo not use your horn because you're tired of sitting still in a traffic jam. Everyone else is equally annoyed, and using your horn will only make people angry. It won't alleviate the traffic.\\nDo not use your horn to punish the driver in front of you if they don't immediately move when the light turns green. (If they continue to sit still, you can honk. Just try not to be obnoxious about it.)\\n3-6. Be aware of your high beams.\\nWhen it's dark out and you're using your high beams for increased visibility, always remember to switch over to regular beams when you spot an oncoming car. Being blinded by an inconsiderate person's high beams on a dark, deserted road is a recipe for road rage.\\n3-7. Resist the urge to brake sharply as a warning.\\nWhen the car behind you is following too closely, don't slam on the brakes to “wake them up.” This often leads to a rear-end collision. Even tapping your brakes lightly, hoping the other driver will take the hint, can lead to a crash. Using your 4-way hazards when someone's narrowing the distance behind you, or if you see other hazards ahead, is safer than using your brakes right away as it helps alert everyone behind you. \\nWhen you are being tailgated (followed too closely for safety), move to a different lane if possible.\\nIf you can't change lanes, slow down gradually and allow the driver behind to pass you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Road rage is classified as assault with a deadly weapon, the weapon being the enraged driver's car. Driving recklessly (or aggressive driving) without intent to cause harm is considered a traffic offense. A road rage incident is a criminal act. Learning how to control your own anger, and how to defuse or avoid the anger of other drivers will help avoid a potentially deadly traffic event.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Feelings of Road Rage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep your driving environment calm.\", \"描述\": \"Making your car a happy, peaceful place will help keep your road anger at bay. Listen to music that makes you happy or that calms you down. Creating a positive driving environment will help keep you calm during your commute and aid you in ignoring the road rage of others.\\nListening to audio books is one good way to remain calm during a long commute.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Allow yourself plenty of time.\", \"描述\": \"Being late will make you anxious and impatient, so you'll be more likely to get angry at other drivers or make irresponsible driving decisions that will make them angry at you. Leaving yourself plenty of drive time will help you stay relaxed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Relax your grip.\", \"描述\": \"If you begin to clench the steering wheel while driving, wiggle your fingers and then try to hold the wheel with a more relaxed grip. You will retain control of the car, while feeling less tense.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use cruise control.\", \"描述\": \"If your vehicle has cruise control and road conditions will allow it, using this feature will give your right leg a break and may make you feel less stressed.\\nYou should only use cruise control in situations where you can drive safely at the same speed for extended periods of time – use manual control in stop-and-go traffic situations.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take a deep breath.\", \"描述\": \"If you feel yourself getting tense and anxious, take several slow, deep breaths. This should calm you down. Roll your window down every now and then, to let in some fresh air.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep your car and its windshield clean.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you are consciously aware of it or not, clutter can cause stressful feelings. Trying to see through a dirty windshield, or struggling to clean a dirty windshield with the wiper fluid every few minutes, will also cause you feel anxious and tense – feelings which can quickly lead to road rage.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take a break if you need to.\", \"描述\": \"It's a good idea to pull over if you are feeling symptoms of road rage. Find a safe place to pull over and park, then get out and walk around for a few minutes until you feel more calm.\\nNever try to pull over on the side of a busy street or highway – continue to the next exit, then find a safe place to stop the car.\\nTry not to drive more than 3 hours at a time. If you are on a long road trip, take a break at least every 3 hours and pull over to stretch your legs.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Find alternate routes if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If construction zones or rush hour highway traffic tend to make you edgy and more likely to express your road rage, find another way to get where you need to go. Use an online mapping system to look at alternate routes using calmer back roads that will make you less likely to get angry while driving.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Get plenty of sleep.\", \"描述\": \"Doctors generally recommend that adults get about 8 hours of sleep per night. If you are sleeping less than this, the accumulated sleep loss will seriously affect your mood. Being tired can lead to anger, resentment, and annoyance, all of which contribute to road rage.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Avoid making driving a race or a contest.\", \"描述\": \"You're not trying to “win” anything when you are behind the wheel – you're trying to get where you're going, safely. Don't allow yourself to get drawn into contests with other drivers who want to race, or who dodge in and out of lanes trying to pass you.\\nSome people enjoy passing you and then slowing down, for mysterious passive-aggressive reasons of their own. If possible, slow down enough to get behind a different car. Keep your distance from any driver who seems to be \\\"playing games” with you.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Avoid distractions.\", \"描述\": \"Don't talk on the phone, text message, eat, or apply lipstick while driving. This could cause you to be caught off guard by other drivers' actions, fueling your road rage and causing a dangerous incident.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Shorten your commute.\", \"描述\": \"If you find yourself continually battling feelings of road rage, you may need to consider taking a different job or moving closer to your job, to shorten your commute. A high salary will not offset the unhappiness caused by spending too much time on the road, when you could be spending with family and friends, or engaging in activities you enjoy.\"}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Take a road rage self-test.\", \"描述\": \"To find out whether your driving style is considered aggressive, take an online self-test. Being aware of your own tendencies toward road rage may make you more aware of the need to control it.\"}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Talk to your doctor.\", \"描述\": \"Some doctors believe that a condition known as Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is responsible for road rage in certain people. Speak to your doctor if you continually experience feelings of anger or aggression, or have difficulty controlling your temper or your behavior.\\nIED may contribute to other factors such as depression, substance abuse, anxiety, and a difficulty maintaining healthy relationships.\\nYour doctor may suggest therapy or medication to help control IED symptoms.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Dealing with Other People's Road Rage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid eye contact.\", \"描述\": \"Although it can be difficult not to react when someone is shouting at you, the best thing to do is ignore it. Keep your eyes on the road, and try not to make eye contact with the enraged driver.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid escalation.\", \"描述\": \"If an angry driver yells at you or shares a rude gesture out his or her window, don't shout back at them. Continue to drive as safely as possible ignore the angry driver. Fighting and driving angry is dangerous to both of you as well as the other drivers and will only cause the situation to escalate.\\nRoughly half of US drivers reported responding to an enraged driver by yelling back or making a rude gesture.\\nAs many as 37% of road rage incidents involve a firearm. This alone is an excellent reason to avoid road rage escalation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Remember that it's nothing personal.\", \"描述\": \"If another driver cuts you off or honks at you, it's because they're experiencing their own road rage, not because they are angry at you. Don't let it ruin your commute. Taking offense at his or her action will only cause your own road rage to escalate.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay safe.\", \"描述\": \"If you do become a victim of another driver's road rage and you feel threatened, take steps to keep yourself safe. Note the license plate number, make, and model of the vehicle in case the situation escalates and there is vehicle damage. If you're being followed, drive to the nearest police station and request assistance.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practicing Good Driving Etiquette\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be a polite driver.\", \"描述\": \"Allow other drivers to pass you or get over into your lane if needed. Being courteous puts everyone in a more stable state of mind.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Put your phone away.\", \"描述\": \"Talking or texting while driving is a terrible distraction that often causes accidents. Road rage can be triggered if an angry driver spots you using your phone in the car.\\nCell phone usage causes more than 25% of auto accidents in the US.\\n13 US states and D.C. have laws prohibiting hand-held phone use while driving: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.\\nTalking on a hand-held phone is also illegal in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands.\\n37 states and D.C. ban phone use while driving for novice drivers (drivers under a specified age – anywhere from 16 to 20, depending on the state).\\nTexting while driving is even more dangerous than talking on the phone. If you're driving 55 mph and take your eyes off the road for 5 seconds to read a text, that's the equivalent of driving the entire length of a football field, while blindfolded.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use your turn signals.\", \"描述\": \"Any time you plan to make a turn or change lanes, use your turn signal. It can be extremely frightening when someone suddenly cuts into the lane ahead of you, without warning you first. This is a major road rage trigger for some people.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check your blind spots.\", \"描述\": \"Twice. When changing lanes, especially at interstate highway speeds, be sure to look behind you and check any blind spots to make sure you aren't going to accidentally cut somebody off. Slotting into a lane carelessly and forcing the driver in that lane to slam on the brakes can easily spark road rage.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Lay off the horn.\", \"描述\": \"Excessive honking is a road rage trigger for many people, and it's just generally a rude thing to do. Your horn should only be used in rare situations when you need to alert another driver of your presence.\\nUse your horn if another driver doesn't seem to see you while backing out of a parking space.\\nUse your horn to alert another driver that your lane is occupied, if it looks like they are about to swerve into you.\\nDo not use your horn because you're tired of sitting still in a traffic jam. Everyone else is equally annoyed, and using your horn will only make people angry. It won't alleviate the traffic.\\nDo not use your horn to punish the driver in front of you if they don't immediately move when the light turns green. (If they continue to sit still, you can honk. Just try not to be obnoxious about it.)\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be aware of your high beams.\", \"描述\": \"When it's dark out and you're using your high beams for increased visibility, always remember to switch over to regular beams when you spot an oncoming car. Being blinded by an inconsiderate person's high beams on a dark, deserted road is a recipe for road rage.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Resist the urge to brake sharply as a warning.\", \"描述\": \"When the car behind you is following too closely, don't slam on the brakes to “wake them up.” This often leads to a rear-end collision. Even tapping your brakes lightly, hoping the other driver will take the hint, can lead to a crash. Using your 4-way hazards when someone's narrowing the distance behind you, or if you see other hazards ahead, is safer than using your brakes right away as it helps alert everyone behind you. \\nWhen you are being tailgated (followed too closely for safety), move to a different lane if possible.\\nIf you can't change lanes, slow down gradually and allow the driver behind to pass you.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,171 | How to Avoid Roller Marks when Painting Walls | 1. Use a synthetic, short-napped roller cover.
Cheap roller covers can lead to streaking and paint marks.
When you’re picking out your supplies, go for a ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) synthetic, short-napped roller cover for your walls and ceiling. This roller cover doesn’t have any obvious seams, so it will apply your paint smoothly on every surface.
Longer-nap roller covers are better for textured walls.
2. Wipe off any lint from the paint roller.
Avoid splatters and spots in your paint from dust and lint.
Use a vacuum or a piece of painter’s tape to clean your roller off before you use it. Even if the roller is new, it still might have a little bit of dust or dirt on it, so give it a quick wipedown before you start.
If you’re using an old roller, make sure it doesn’t have any dried paint on it that could cause lumps or bumps in your paint job.
3. Don’t use too much paint.
Too much paint can splatter and cause harsh lines.
Pour your paint into a paint tray and dip your roller into the paint. Roll the roller back onto the grooves of the paint tray to squeeze out any excess before you put it on the wall.
On the flip side, too little paint can leave your paint job streaky and thin. Try to strike the balance in between too much and too little.
4. Roll in a “W” or “N” pattern.
Coat large areas of the wall easily without a ton of streaks.
Move your roller up and down at a diagonal to go across your entire wall. Be sure to follow up with new paint before your last coat dries to prevent streaking.
Professional painters can paint up and down in straight lines, but it’s a little bit tougher to do. If you’re a beginner, try a W or N pattern to start.
5. Use moderate pressure on the roller.
Pressing super hard can push the paint into the wall.
Instead, press the roller against the wall with moderate pressure; if the paint starts to streak or create lines, you’re probably pushing too hard.
This is a little bit objective, and it might take some practice before you find the right pressure point for your paint job.
6. Maintain a wet edge.
Every time you roll paint on the wall, overlap it on the wet paint.
This will help ensure that your edges don’t look so defined. It doesn’t have to be a huge overlap—about 1 in (2.5 cm) will do just fine.
This is the easiest and best way to make sure you don’t get any streaks in your dried paint.
7. Paint as close to the floor and ceiling as possible.
Avoid harsh paint lines on the top and bottom of your wall.
Try to drag your roller as close to the ceiling and floor as you possibly can without spreading paint everywhere. It will help blend the lines in between your 2 paint jobs and make your walls look seamless.
You can paint around the floor and ceiling first to make your paint job easier, or you can save it until the end.
8. Paint the entire wall all at once.
Don’t be tempted to pause in the middle and let the paint dry.
Once you’ve started on a wall, it’s important to go over the entire thing to avoid roller marks. Stopping and starting in the middle of a paint job can lead to uneven drying which creates streaking.
Doing an entire wall at once ensures that you’ll keep a wet edge the whole time.
9. Go back over the roller marks while the paint is wet.
You can fix roller marks if you spot them early.
Put more paint on your roller and press against the wall lightly on top of the roller marks. Go straight up and down the wall from floor to ceiling to fix the roller marks and spread the paint out.This is also called “back rolling,” and it’s a super important part of smoothing out your paint lines.
10. Sand your walls if you find roller marks.
Noticing roller marks after the fact can be a bummer.
If your paint dries and you find streaks or marks in your paint, grab a sheet of 180 or 220-grit sandpaper and use it to sand the paint streaks off the wall. Wipe the walls down to get rid of the dust, then cover the entire wall in a new coat of primer and paint.
You can also sand in between coats to erase streak marks as they happen.
Sanding also works well on paint drips or bubbles.
Tips
To avoid using a roller all together, try spraying your walls with a spray gun instead.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Use a synthetic, short-napped roller cover.\\nCheap roller covers can lead to streaking and paint marks.\\nWhen you’re picking out your supplies, go for a ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) synthetic, short-napped roller cover for your walls and ceiling. This roller cover doesn’t have any obvious seams, so it will apply your paint smoothly on every surface.\\nLonger-nap roller covers are better for textured walls.\\n2. Wipe off any lint from the paint roller.\\nAvoid splatters and spots in your paint from dust and lint.\\nUse a vacuum or a piece of painter’s tape to clean your roller off before you use it. Even if the roller is new, it still might have a little bit of dust or dirt on it, so give it a quick wipedown before you start.\\nIf you’re using an old roller, make sure it doesn’t have any dried paint on it that could cause lumps or bumps in your paint job.\\n3. Don’t use too much paint.\\nToo much paint can splatter and cause harsh lines.\\nPour your paint into a paint tray and dip your roller into the paint. Roll the roller back onto the grooves of the paint tray to squeeze out any excess before you put it on the wall.\\nOn the flip side, too little paint can leave your paint job streaky and thin. Try to strike the balance in between too much and too little.\\n4. Roll in a “W” or “N” pattern.\\nCoat large areas of the wall easily without a ton of streaks.\\nMove your roller up and down at a diagonal to go across your entire wall. Be sure to follow up with new paint before your last coat dries to prevent streaking.\\nProfessional painters can paint up and down in straight lines, but it’s a little bit tougher to do. If you’re a beginner, try a W or N pattern to start.\\n5. Use moderate pressure on the roller.\\nPressing super hard can push the paint into the wall.\\nInstead, press the roller against the wall with moderate pressure; if the paint starts to streak or create lines, you’re probably pushing too hard.\\nThis is a little bit objective, and it might take some practice before you find the right pressure point for your paint job.\\n6. Maintain a wet edge.\\nEvery time you roll paint on the wall, overlap it on the wet paint.\\nThis will help ensure that your edges don’t look so defined. It doesn’t have to be a huge overlap—about 1 in (2.5 cm) will do just fine.\\nThis is the easiest and best way to make sure you don’t get any streaks in your dried paint.\\n7. Paint as close to the floor and ceiling as possible.\\nAvoid harsh paint lines on the top and bottom of your wall.\\nTry to drag your roller as close to the ceiling and floor as you possibly can without spreading paint everywhere. It will help blend the lines in between your 2 paint jobs and make your walls look seamless.\\nYou can paint around the floor and ceiling first to make your paint job easier, or you can save it until the end.\\n8. Paint the entire wall all at once.\\nDon’t be tempted to pause in the middle and let the paint dry.\\nOnce you’ve started on a wall, it’s important to go over the entire thing to avoid roller marks. Stopping and starting in the middle of a paint job can lead to uneven drying which creates streaking.\\nDoing an entire wall at once ensures that you’ll keep a wet edge the whole time.\\n9. Go back over the roller marks while the paint is wet.\\nYou can fix roller marks if you spot them early.\\nPut more paint on your roller and press against the wall lightly on top of the roller marks. Go straight up and down the wall from floor to ceiling to fix the roller marks and spread the paint out.This is also called “back rolling,” and it’s a super important part of smoothing out your paint lines.\\n10. Sand your walls if you find roller marks.\\nNoticing roller marks after the fact can be a bummer.\\nIf your paint dries and you find streaks or marks in your paint, grab a sheet of 180 or 220-grit sandpaper and use it to sand the paint streaks off the wall. Wipe the walls down to get rid of the dust, then cover the entire wall in a new coat of primer and paint.\\nYou can also sand in between coats to erase streak marks as they happen.\\nSanding also works well on paint drips or bubbles.\\nTips\\nTo avoid using a roller all together, try spraying your walls with a spray gun instead.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re itching to do a little DIY makeover in your home, a fresh coat of paint is the perfect place to start. Using a paint roller is the best way to coat a wall easily, but roller marks can leave your paint job looking streaky. Fortunately, there are a few things you can do to avoid roller marks for a smooth, clean finish on your walls.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a synthetic, short-napped roller cover.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cheap roller covers can lead to streaking and paint marks.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re picking out your supplies, go for a ⁄4 in (0.64 cm) synthetic, short-napped roller cover for your walls and ceiling. This roller cover doesn’t have any obvious seams, so it will apply your paint smoothly on every surface.\\nLonger-nap roller covers are better for textured walls.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wipe off any lint from the paint roller.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid splatters and spots in your paint from dust and lint.\", \"描述\": \"Use a vacuum or a piece of painter’s tape to clean your roller off before you use it. Even if the roller is new, it still might have a little bit of dust or dirt on it, so give it a quick wipedown before you start.\\nIf you’re using an old roller, make sure it doesn’t have any dried paint on it that could cause lumps or bumps in your paint job.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t use too much paint.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Too much paint can splatter and cause harsh lines.\", \"描述\": \"Pour your paint into a paint tray and dip your roller into the paint. Roll the roller back onto the grooves of the paint tray to squeeze out any excess before you put it on the wall.\\nOn the flip side, too little paint can leave your paint job streaky and thin. Try to strike the balance in between too much and too little.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Roll in a “W” or “N” pattern.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Coat large areas of the wall easily without a ton of streaks.\", \"描述\": \"Move your roller up and down at a diagonal to go across your entire wall. Be sure to follow up with new paint before your last coat dries to prevent streaking.\\nProfessional painters can paint up and down in straight lines, but it’s a little bit tougher to do. If you’re a beginner, try a W or N pattern to start.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use moderate pressure on the roller.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pressing super hard can push the paint into the wall.\", \"描述\": \"Instead, press the roller against the wall with moderate pressure; if the paint starts to streak or create lines, you’re probably pushing too hard.\\nThis is a little bit objective, and it might take some practice before you find the right pressure point for your paint job.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Maintain a wet edge.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Every time you roll paint on the wall, overlap it on the wet paint.\", \"描述\": \"This will help ensure that your edges don’t look so defined. It doesn’t have to be a huge overlap—about 1 in (2.5 cm) will do just fine.\\nThis is the easiest and best way to make sure you don’t get any streaks in your dried paint.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Paint as close to the floor and ceiling as possible.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid harsh paint lines on the top and bottom of your wall.\", \"描述\": \"Try to drag your roller as close to the ceiling and floor as you possibly can without spreading paint everywhere. It will help blend the lines in between your 2 paint jobs and make your walls look seamless.\\nYou can paint around the floor and ceiling first to make your paint job easier, or you can save it until the end.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Paint the entire wall all at once.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t be tempted to pause in the middle and let the paint dry.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve started on a wall, it’s important to go over the entire thing to avoid roller marks. Stopping and starting in the middle of a paint job can lead to uneven drying which creates streaking.\\nDoing an entire wall at once ensures that you’ll keep a wet edge the whole time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Go back over the roller marks while the paint is wet.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You can fix roller marks if you spot them early.\", \"描述\": \"Put more paint on your roller and press against the wall lightly on top of the roller marks. Go straight up and down the wall from floor to ceiling to fix the roller marks and spread the paint out.This is also called “back rolling,” and it’s a super important part of smoothing out your paint lines.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Sand your walls if you find roller marks.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Noticing roller marks after the fact can be a bummer.\", \"描述\": \"If your paint dries and you find streaks or marks in your paint, grab a sheet of 180 or 220-grit sandpaper and use it to sand the paint streaks off the wall. Wipe the walls down to get rid of the dust, then cover the entire wall in a new coat of primer and paint.\\nYou can also sand in between coats to erase streak marks as they happen.\\nSanding also works well on paint drips or bubbles.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"To avoid using a roller all together, try spraying your walls with a spray gun instead.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,172 | How to Avoid Round Ligament Pain | 1. Managing Round Ligament Pain
1-1. Have your doctor diagnose the pain.
Any sudden onset of pain should be checked out as soon as possible by your OB/GYN to determine the cause. Pain in the lower abdominal area could be the sign of something more severe, including appendicitis or even preterm labor. Don't just assume that you have round ligament pain.
See a doctor immediately if you have pain and also fever, chills, pain when urinating, bleeding, or pain that is more than "moderate".
1-2. Change positions.
If you are standing when the pain begins, then sit down. If you are sitting, then get up and walk. Bending over, stretching, and lying down are ways to change your position to stop the round ligament pain.
1-3. Lie down on the side opposite to where you feel the pain.
Round ligament pain can be felt on either side, but most women feel the greatest discomfort on their right side. Lying down on the opposite side where the pain is occurring helps to relieve the pressure and stop the pain.
1-4. Move slowly.
Jumping up quickly from a sitting, lying down, or resting position, can cause the ligaments to contract, resulting in sudden pain. Move slowly when changing positions to help prevent the already stretched ligament from cramping, going into a spasm, or contracting, causing the pain to occur.
1-5. Anticipate the pain with sudden movements like coughing or sneezing.
If you feel like you are about to sneeze, cough, or even laugh, try to flex your hips and bend at the knees. This movement can help reduce the sudden pull on the ligaments that can trigger the pain.
1-6. Get plenty of rest.
Resting is one of the primary measures to reduce the pain associated with the stretching of the round ligament.
1-7. Apply heat to the area.
Excessive heat is not healthy for your baby. However, applying some heat can help to relax the round ligament and relieve the pain. Do not use a heating pad on your belly when you are pregnant, but there are some other techniques you can use:
A warm bath can be very relaxing, and help ease the pain caused by the round ligaments as they stretch to support the growing uterus.
A warm (not hot) compress on the side of the pelvis where the round ligament pain is occurring may help relieve pain and discomfort as well.
Soaking in the tub, or even a warm swimming pool, also helps to relieve the pain by lightening the load, as the water provides buoyancy.
However, you should avoid hot tubs and jacuzzis, since they can raise your body temperature to unsafe levels for your baby.
1-8. Massage the tender area.
Prenatal massage can bring relief to common pregnancy discomforts such as round ligament pain. Consult with your doctor or a licensed prenatal massage therapist to safely perform the massage. Rubbing or very gently massaging the area can help to relieve the pain, and to help the mother relax.
Make sure that you find a certified prenatal massage therapist. Regular massage therapy techniques are often unsafe for the developing baby because they use too much pressure. The American Massage Therapy Association has a "Find a Massage Therapist" feature that will allow you to search for certified prenatal massage therapists.
1-9. Take an over-the-counter pain medication.
Using an over the counter pain medication that is safe for use during pregnancy, such as acetaminophen, can help alleviate the pain as well. Be sure to ask your doctor about taking any medications, including acetaminophen, during your pregnancy.
Do not take ibuprofen during pregnancy unless it is recommended by your OB/GYN (which is unlikely). NSAIDs like ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve) are not usually safe during the first two trimesters, and are almost never safe to use during the third trimester.
2. Preventing Round Ligament Pain
2-1. Include stretching exercises as part of your daily routine.
For your safety, and to protect your baby, talk to your doctor when you're considering adding any form of exercise.
A commonly recommended stretching exercise is done by kneeling on your hands and knees on the floor. Then lower your head to the floor, and keep your rear raised in the air.
Pelvic tilts, hip hikers, and kneeling exercises may also be helpful.
2-2. Learn about yoga during pregnancy.
Certain yoga moves are recommended to help with round ligament pain. Two commonly recommended poses are the cat cow pose and the savasana pose.
To do the cat cow pose, kneel on all fours with fingers spread wide and pointing forward. Inhale and round the back high, letting the head fall and curling your pelvis under. Exhale, pulling the belly towards the mat, and extending the back body wide to stretch the ligament. Repeat several rounds.
The savasana position in often the final relaxation pose in yoga sequences. To do this pose, curl into a fetal position with your arm extended to support the head, or use a pillow. This move is practiced on your left side while pregnant, with a pillow in between the legs to relieve pressure from the lower back.
2-3. Use pillows.
Placing a pillow between the knees and under the belly when lying down and/or sleeping can help relieve pressure from the ligaments. The pillow between the knees helps with added comfort.
2-4. Avoid sitting or standing for long periods of time.
Sitting or standing for long amounts of time without breaks can put extra pressure on the growing and stretching ligaments. If a job or class demands extended amounts of standing or sitting, try to take as many breaks as possible and rest.
Take steps that work for you to be more comfortable while sitting. If possible, use an adjustable chair as you progress through your pregnancy, and try to avoid crossing your legs while sitting.
Consider using a pillow or cushion, that conforms to your body, to provide support for your lower back, and helps you to maintain good posture.
2-5. Pay attention to your posture.
Try to avoid locking your knees and allowing your hips to lean forward. Plus, if the arch in your lower back is increasing a lot, you may be more likely to suffer from round ligament pain.
2-6. Drink plenty of fluids.
Staying well hydrated during your pregnancy helps to keep your body healthy, including stretching ligaments and muscles. Adequate fluid intake also helps to avoid unwanted problems such as constipation, and bladder infections.
2-7. Use pelvic support aids.
Maternity belts, or abdominal support garments, are worn under the clothing and are not visible. Pregnancy support bands or belts help to lift the uterus, hips, and ligaments, and provide support for the back.
2-8. Work with a physical therapist.
Physical therapy during pregnancy can also help to relieve round ligament pain. Physical therapists have extensive knowledge of your musculoskeletal system and can recommend exercises and stretches that are appropriate and safe to do while pregnant.
3. Seeking Medical Attention
3-1. Contact your doctor with any sudden onset of pain.
If your round ligament pain is accompanied by vaginal discharge or bleeding, your doctor needs to know as soon as possible. Also contact your doctor immediately if you see any of the following:
Pain that lasts more than a few seconds
New symptoms like low back pain, fever, chills, faintness, and nausea and vomiting beyond the first trimester
3-2. Talk to your doctor if your pain persists.
Constant pain or pressure, pain or discomfort when walking, pain when urinating, and increased pressure in your pelvic region can be warning signs of something more serious that just round ligament pain. Contact your doctor as soon as possible if you experience these symptoms.
3-3. Avoid confusing round ligament pain with actual labor.
Labor pain does not typically occur until the third trimester. Round ligament pain begins during the second trimester, as the uterus begins to grow and expand.
Round ligament pain can be confused with Braxton-Hicks contractions. While this form of contraction can begin during the second trimester, a Braxton-Hicks contraction is not painful.
Tips
See your doctor if you develop what you think is round ligament pain. Your OB/GYN can correctly diagnose this condition, and rule out anything more serious.
Always talk with your OB/GYN before taking any medications, and before starting any new physical activity, including yoga.
Do not overexert yourself when exercising as it can increase round ligament pain.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Managing Round Ligament Pain\\n1-1. Have your doctor diagnose the pain.\\nAny sudden onset of pain should be checked out as soon as possible by your OB/GYN to determine the cause. Pain in the lower abdominal area could be the sign of something more severe, including appendicitis or even preterm labor. Don't just assume that you have round ligament pain.\\nSee a doctor immediately if you have pain and also fever, chills, pain when urinating, bleeding, or pain that is more than \\\"moderate\\\".\\n1-2. Change positions.\\nIf you are standing when the pain begins, then sit down. If you are sitting, then get up and walk. Bending over, stretching, and lying down are ways to change your position to stop the round ligament pain.\\n1-3. Lie down on the side opposite to where you feel the pain.\\nRound ligament pain can be felt on either side, but most women feel the greatest discomfort on their right side. Lying down on the opposite side where the pain is occurring helps to relieve the pressure and stop the pain.\\n1-4. Move slowly.\\nJumping up quickly from a sitting, lying down, or resting position, can cause the ligaments to contract, resulting in sudden pain. Move slowly when changing positions to help prevent the already stretched ligament from cramping, going into a spasm, or contracting, causing the pain to occur.\\n1-5. Anticipate the pain with sudden movements like coughing or sneezing.\\nIf you feel like you are about to sneeze, cough, or even laugh, try to flex your hips and bend at the knees. This movement can help reduce the sudden pull on the ligaments that can trigger the pain.\\n1-6. Get plenty of rest.\\nResting is one of the primary measures to reduce the pain associated with the stretching of the round ligament.\\n1-7. Apply heat to the area.\\nExcessive heat is not healthy for your baby. However, applying some heat can help to relax the round ligament and relieve the pain. Do not use a heating pad on your belly when you are pregnant, but there are some other techniques you can use:\\n\\nA warm bath can be very relaxing, and help ease the pain caused by the round ligaments as they stretch to support the growing uterus.\\nA warm (not hot) compress on the side of the pelvis where the round ligament pain is occurring may help relieve pain and discomfort as well.\\nSoaking in the tub, or even a warm swimming pool, also helps to relieve the pain by lightening the load, as the water provides buoyancy.\\nHowever, you should avoid hot tubs and jacuzzis, since they can raise your body temperature to unsafe levels for your baby.\\n1-8. Massage the tender area.\\nPrenatal massage can bring relief to common pregnancy discomforts such as round ligament pain. Consult with your doctor or a licensed prenatal massage therapist to safely perform the massage. Rubbing or very gently massaging the area can help to relieve the pain, and to help the mother relax.\\nMake sure that you find a certified prenatal massage therapist. Regular massage therapy techniques are often unsafe for the developing baby because they use too much pressure. The American Massage Therapy Association has a \\\"Find a Massage Therapist\\\" feature that will allow you to search for certified prenatal massage therapists.\\n1-9. Take an over-the-counter pain medication.\\nUsing an over the counter pain medication that is safe for use during pregnancy, such as acetaminophen, can help alleviate the pain as well. Be sure to ask your doctor about taking any medications, including acetaminophen, during your pregnancy.\\nDo not take ibuprofen during pregnancy unless it is recommended by your OB/GYN (which is unlikely). NSAIDs like ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve) are not usually safe during the first two trimesters, and are almost never safe to use during the third trimester.\\n2. Preventing Round Ligament Pain\\n2-1. Include stretching exercises as part of your daily routine.\\nFor your safety, and to protect your baby, talk to your doctor when you're considering adding any form of exercise.\\nA commonly recommended stretching exercise is done by kneeling on your hands and knees on the floor. Then lower your head to the floor, and keep your rear raised in the air.\\nPelvic tilts, hip hikers, and kneeling exercises may also be helpful.\\n2-2. Learn about yoga during pregnancy.\\nCertain yoga moves are recommended to help with round ligament pain. Two commonly recommended poses are the cat cow pose and the savasana pose.\\nTo do the cat cow pose, kneel on all fours with fingers spread wide and pointing forward. Inhale and round the back high, letting the head fall and curling your pelvis under. Exhale, pulling the belly towards the mat, and extending the back body wide to stretch the ligament. Repeat several rounds.\\nThe savasana position in often the final relaxation pose in yoga sequences. To do this pose, curl into a fetal position with your arm extended to support the head, or use a pillow. This move is practiced on your left side while pregnant, with a pillow in between the legs to relieve pressure from the lower back.\\n2-3. Use pillows.\\nPlacing a pillow between the knees and under the belly when lying down and/or sleeping can help relieve pressure from the ligaments. The pillow between the knees helps with added comfort.\\n2-4. Avoid sitting or standing for long periods of time.\\nSitting or standing for long amounts of time without breaks can put extra pressure on the growing and stretching ligaments. If a job or class demands extended amounts of standing or sitting, try to take as many breaks as possible and rest.\\nTake steps that work for you to be more comfortable while sitting. If possible, use an adjustable chair as you progress through your pregnancy, and try to avoid crossing your legs while sitting.\\nConsider using a pillow or cushion, that conforms to your body, to provide support for your lower back, and helps you to maintain good posture.\\n2-5. Pay attention to your posture.\\nTry to avoid locking your knees and allowing your hips to lean forward. Plus, if the arch in your lower back is increasing a lot, you may be more likely to suffer from round ligament pain.\\n2-6. Drink plenty of fluids.\\nStaying well hydrated during your pregnancy helps to keep your body healthy, including stretching ligaments and muscles. Adequate fluid intake also helps to avoid unwanted problems such as constipation, and bladder infections.\\n2-7. Use pelvic support aids.\\nMaternity belts, or abdominal support garments, are worn under the clothing and are not visible. Pregnancy support bands or belts help to lift the uterus, hips, and ligaments, and provide support for the back.\\n2-8. Work with a physical therapist.\\nPhysical therapy during pregnancy can also help to relieve round ligament pain. Physical therapists have extensive knowledge of your musculoskeletal system and can recommend exercises and stretches that are appropriate and safe to do while pregnant.\\n3. Seeking Medical Attention\\n3-1. Contact your doctor with any sudden onset of pain.\\nIf your round ligament pain is accompanied by vaginal discharge or bleeding, your doctor needs to know as soon as possible. Also contact your doctor immediately if you see any of the following:\\nPain that lasts more than a few seconds\\nNew symptoms like low back pain, fever, chills, faintness, and nausea and vomiting beyond the first trimester\\n3-2. Talk to your doctor if your pain persists.\\nConstant pain or pressure, pain or discomfort when walking, pain when urinating, and increased pressure in your pelvic region can be warning signs of something more serious that just round ligament pain. Contact your doctor as soon as possible if you experience these symptoms.\\n3-3. Avoid confusing round ligament pain with actual labor.\\nLabor pain does not typically occur until the third trimester. Round ligament pain begins during the second trimester, as the uterus begins to grow and expand.\\nRound ligament pain can be confused with Braxton-Hicks contractions. While this form of contraction can begin during the second trimester, a Braxton-Hicks contraction is not painful.\\nTips\\nSee your doctor if you develop what you think is round ligament pain. Your OB/GYN can correctly diagnose this condition, and rule out anything more serious.\\nAlways talk with your OB/GYN before taking any medications, and before starting any new physical activity, including yoga.\\nDo not overexert yourself when exercising as it can increase round ligament pain.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Round ligament pain is a common, although painful, complaint of women who are pregnant. It typically begins in the second trimester of pregnancy as the uterus grows. The round ligaments in the uterus stretch, becoming thin and taut like stretched-out rubber bands, to provide support for the expanding uterus. At times, the ligament contracts, or spasms, on its own, resulting in moderate to severe episodes of pain. There are things that you can do to minimize the round ligament pain and discomfort during your pregnancy.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Managing Round Ligament Pain\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have your doctor diagnose the pain.\", \"描述\": \"Any sudden onset of pain should be checked out as soon as possible by your OB/GYN to determine the cause. Pain in the lower abdominal area could be the sign of something more severe, including appendicitis or even preterm labor. Don't just assume that you have round ligament pain.\\nSee a doctor immediately if you have pain and also fever, chills, pain when urinating, bleeding, or pain that is more than \\\"moderate\\\".\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Change positions.\", \"描述\": \"If you are standing when the pain begins, then sit down. If you are sitting, then get up and walk. Bending over, stretching, and lying down are ways to change your position to stop the round ligament pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Lie down on the side opposite to where you feel the pain.\", \"描述\": \"Round ligament pain can be felt on either side, but most women feel the greatest discomfort on their right side. Lying down on the opposite side where the pain is occurring helps to relieve the pressure and stop the pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Move slowly.\", \"描述\": \"Jumping up quickly from a sitting, lying down, or resting position, can cause the ligaments to contract, resulting in sudden pain. Move slowly when changing positions to help prevent the already stretched ligament from cramping, going into a spasm, or contracting, causing the pain to occur.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Anticipate the pain with sudden movements like coughing or sneezing.\", \"描述\": \"If you feel like you are about to sneeze, cough, or even laugh, try to flex your hips and bend at the knees. This movement can help reduce the sudden pull on the ligaments that can trigger the pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get plenty of rest.\", \"描述\": \"Resting is one of the primary measures to reduce the pain associated with the stretching of the round ligament.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Apply heat to the area.\", \"描述\": \"Excessive heat is not healthy for your baby. However, applying some heat can help to relax the round ligament and relieve the pain. Do not use a heating pad on your belly when you are pregnant, but there are some other techniques you can use:\\n\\nA warm bath can be very relaxing, and help ease the pain caused by the round ligaments as they stretch to support the growing uterus.\\nA warm (not hot) compress on the side of the pelvis where the round ligament pain is occurring may help relieve pain and discomfort as well.\\nSoaking in the tub, or even a warm swimming pool, also helps to relieve the pain by lightening the load, as the water provides buoyancy.\\nHowever, you should avoid hot tubs and jacuzzis, since they can raise your body temperature to unsafe levels for your baby.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Massage the tender area.\", \"描述\": \"Prenatal massage can bring relief to common pregnancy discomforts such as round ligament pain. Consult with your doctor or a licensed prenatal massage therapist to safely perform the massage. Rubbing or very gently massaging the area can help to relieve the pain, and to help the mother relax.\\nMake sure that you find a certified prenatal massage therapist. Regular massage therapy techniques are often unsafe for the developing baby because they use too much pressure. The American Massage Therapy Association has a \\\"Find a Massage Therapist\\\" feature that will allow you to search for certified prenatal massage therapists.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Take an over-the-counter pain medication.\", \"描述\": \"Using an over the counter pain medication that is safe for use during pregnancy, such as acetaminophen, can help alleviate the pain as well. Be sure to ask your doctor about taking any medications, including acetaminophen, during your pregnancy.\\nDo not take ibuprofen during pregnancy unless it is recommended by your OB/GYN (which is unlikely). NSAIDs like ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve) are not usually safe during the first two trimesters, and are almost never safe to use during the third trimester.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preventing Round Ligament Pain\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Include stretching exercises as part of your daily routine.\", \"描述\": \"For your safety, and to protect your baby, talk to your doctor when you're considering adding any form of exercise.\\nA commonly recommended stretching exercise is done by kneeling on your hands and knees on the floor. Then lower your head to the floor, and keep your rear raised in the air.\\nPelvic tilts, hip hikers, and kneeling exercises may also be helpful.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about yoga during pregnancy.\", \"描述\": \"Certain yoga moves are recommended to help with round ligament pain. Two commonly recommended poses are the cat cow pose and the savasana pose.\\nTo do the cat cow pose, kneel on all fours with fingers spread wide and pointing forward. Inhale and round the back high, letting the head fall and curling your pelvis under. Exhale, pulling the belly towards the mat, and extending the back body wide to stretch the ligament. Repeat several rounds.\\nThe savasana position in often the final relaxation pose in yoga sequences. To do this pose, curl into a fetal position with your arm extended to support the head, or use a pillow. This move is practiced on your left side while pregnant, with a pillow in between the legs to relieve pressure from the lower back.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use pillows.\", \"描述\": \"Placing a pillow between the knees and under the belly when lying down and/or sleeping can help relieve pressure from the ligaments. The pillow between the knees helps with added comfort.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid sitting or standing for long periods of time.\", \"描述\": \"Sitting or standing for long amounts of time without breaks can put extra pressure on the growing and stretching ligaments. If a job or class demands extended amounts of standing or sitting, try to take as many breaks as possible and rest.\\nTake steps that work for you to be more comfortable while sitting. If possible, use an adjustable chair as you progress through your pregnancy, and try to avoid crossing your legs while sitting.\\nConsider using a pillow or cushion, that conforms to your body, to provide support for your lower back, and helps you to maintain good posture.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pay attention to your posture.\", \"描述\": \"Try to avoid locking your knees and allowing your hips to lean forward. Plus, if the arch in your lower back is increasing a lot, you may be more likely to suffer from round ligament pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drink plenty of fluids.\", \"描述\": \"Staying well hydrated during your pregnancy helps to keep your body healthy, including stretching ligaments and muscles. Adequate fluid intake also helps to avoid unwanted problems such as constipation, and bladder infections.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use pelvic support aids.\", \"描述\": \"Maternity belts, or abdominal support garments, are worn under the clothing and are not visible. Pregnancy support bands or belts help to lift the uterus, hips, and ligaments, and provide support for the back.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Work with a physical therapist.\", \"描述\": \"Physical therapy during pregnancy can also help to relieve round ligament pain. Physical therapists have extensive knowledge of your musculoskeletal system and can recommend exercises and stretches that are appropriate and safe to do while pregnant.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seeking Medical Attention\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contact your doctor with any sudden onset of pain.\", \"描述\": \"If your round ligament pain is accompanied by vaginal discharge or bleeding, your doctor needs to know as soon as possible. Also contact your doctor immediately if you see any of the following:\\nPain that lasts more than a few seconds\\nNew symptoms like low back pain, fever, chills, faintness, and nausea and vomiting beyond the first trimester\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Talk to your doctor if your pain persists.\", \"描述\": \"Constant pain or pressure, pain or discomfort when walking, pain when urinating, and increased pressure in your pelvic region can be warning signs of something more serious that just round ligament pain. Contact your doctor as soon as possible if you experience these symptoms.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid confusing round ligament pain with actual labor.\", \"描述\": \"Labor pain does not typically occur until the third trimester. Round ligament pain begins during the second trimester, as the uterus begins to grow and expand.\\nRound ligament pain can be confused with Braxton-Hicks contractions. While this form of contraction can begin during the second trimester, a Braxton-Hicks contraction is not painful.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"See your doctor if you develop what you think is round ligament pain. Your OB/GYN can correctly diagnose this condition, and rule out anything more serious.\\n\", \"Always talk with your OB/GYN before taking any medications, and before starting any new physical activity, including yoga.\\n\", \"Do not overexert yourself when exercising as it can increase round ligament pain.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,173 | How to Avoid Rushing Into a Relationship | 1. Slowing Down with Someone
1-1. Recognize the signs that you're rushing your relationship.
You're probably rushing your relationship if you've recently started dating your partner but already think they're "the one." It takes time for true love to develop, so give yourself time to get to know your partner and fall in love. Here are some signs that you might be rushing:
You're spending all of your free time with the person you're dating.
Your relationship is mostly physical.
You can't stop texting them.
You're constantly posting about your relationship.
You feel afraid of losing them after 1-3 dates.
1-2. Spend time with friends and family to take your mind off the relationship.
When you meet someone you like, it’s normal to want to see them as much as possible. However, spending all of your time with your new romantic partner rushes your relationship. Instead, make plans with your friends and family members. This way you’re out having fun and your mind is off your new relationship.
For instance, let’s say you have a date with your new partner on Friday night. Make plans with your friends all day Saturday so you won’t be tempted to see your romantic interest again.
1-3. Keep plans you've already made with friends.
When you really like someone, you might not think twice about dropping what you’re doing to see your love interest. At the same time, doing so creates an unhealthy dynamic in your relationship and puts too much of your focus on your new partner. Stick to your original plans even if the person you’re dating wants to see you. Instead, tell them when you are available and try to schedule a date then.
For example, let’s say you’re planning to do karaoke with your friends on Friday night, but your romantic partner calls and asks to go out. Say, “I already have plans with friends tonight, but I’m available tomorrow. Could we go out then?”
1-4. Continue to date around until you know a person well.
When you find a person who seems to check all your boxes, it’s normal to want to focus all of your attention on them. However, you don’t actually know them that well. Don’t become exclusive with them until you’ve gotten to know each other and you’re both ready to be exclusive.
You don’t need to tell the other person you’re dating other people unless they ask. Similarly, don’t bring it up with them until you’re interested in being exclusive.
1-5. Wait until you’ve gone on at least 3 dates to get intimate.
It’s up to you when you become intimate, and it’s okay to explore your sexuality. However, having sex early in a relationship might make you feel connected to the person too soon. If you have a tendency to rush relationships, wait until you’ve gotten to know the person a bit before you take things to the bedroom.
You might decide to wait longer if you don’t feel like you know the person well enough. For instance, you might wait until you’ve been dating for a whole month.
1-6. Focus on making a connection and not on building a relationship.
When you’re trying to find “the one,” you’re more likely to rush into things with every romantic partner you find. Ironically, this can make it harder to find the right person for you. When you first start dating someone, don’t worry if they’re “the one” or if there’s a future with them. Instead, try to make a connection with them and see where that goes.
Get to know the person you’re dating! Try to find their best qualities and their flaws.
If you realize that the relationship isn’t working, it’s okay to go ahead and break things off. However, don’t assume that someone is your soulmate because they seem perfect for you after 1 date.
2. Building a Healthy Relationship Gradually
2-1. Be honest about what you want in a relationship after a few dates.
Honesty is essential for a healthy relationship. Plus, telling your partner what you want ensures you won’t pretend to have the same goals as them to continue the relationship. Discuss what you each want in a relationship after you’ve gotten to know each other over a few dates.
You might say, “I want to take things slow, but I’m looking for a relationship that will lead to a marriage,” or “I’m looking for a serious relationship, but I want someone who will support my career choices.”
2-2. Maintain your relationships with your friends and family.
Don’t focus all of your attention on your partner, as it creates an unhealthy dynamic. Continue to spend time with your friends and family even after you’re committed to your relationship. This will help both you and your partner be more fulfilled.
For instance, text your friends and close family members daily, and see them at least once a week.
Spending too much time with your romantic partner can make you dependent on each other, which can make your relationship progress too quickly.
2-3. Keep your feelings to yourself until you're sure you're in love.
You might feel like you’re in love early in the relationship, but don’t tell your partner until you've had time to be sure. Sharing your feelings too early in the relationship can create a level of intimacy and commitment neither of you is truly ready for. Additionally, it might make you focus on an idealized version of your partner rather than their real self. Wait until you’ve gotten to know the person well enough to be sure you're in love.
For instance, hold off on saying “I love you,” even if you feel it.
2-4. Be honest about your partner’s flaws.
No one is perfect, so your partner will have some flaws. Early in your relationship, it’s likely that you’ll only see their good qualities. Over time, recognize their flaws, as well. Otherwise, it’ll be difficult to form a healthy relationship with them.
As an example, your partner might be a little messier than you’d like.
If you think your partner is flawless, you’re probably projecting an image that you have onto them. Try to get to know the real them.
2-5. Avoid making big decisions until you’ve been dating for several months.
You might fantasize about moving in with this person or having a child together after just a few dates, but don’t jump into a big commitment so fast. Make a rule for yourself that you won’t make any big decisions until you’ve been together for a certain amount of time, even if you think it’s the right choice. This will help you build a healthy relationship instead of rushing things.
As an example, you might decide that you won’t talk about moving in with them until you’ve been together for longer than 6 months. Additionally, you might commit to holding off on an engagement until you’ve been together for longer than 2 years.
3. Focusing on Yourself
3-1. Pursue your personal goals and not just a relationship.
Imagine your ideal life, then write down the things you’d be doing. Create a list of goals that will help you get what you want most in life. Break those goals into measurable objectives, then start checking off each step. This will help you create a great life for yourself so you can find the right partner to fit into it.
As an example, you might decide that you want to open your own business and buy a house. Your immediate goals might be to start business school, work on your business plan, and save for a house.
3-2. Enjoy being single
It’s normal to feel afraid or depressed about being alone. However, being single can be a wonderful time in your life if you focus on what makes you happy. Spend this time pursuing your hobbies, having fun with your friends, and exploring your options. When the time is right, you’ll meet the right person for you.
For example, take a class to learn something you’ve always wanted to try.
Use this time to accomplish a goal that’s important to you, like writing a book or earning a degree.
Travel and try new things.
Spend your free time with friends and family so you know you’re loved.
3-3. Take a break from dating if you’ve recently gone through a breakup.
Going through a breakup is really painful, and you might be tempted to get into a new relationship to help you feel better. However, rebounding from one relationship into another too fast won’t be healthy in the long-term. You’ll likely project feelings you had for your ex onto your new partner, and it’ll be hard for you to take things slow. After a breakup, give yourself a month for every year you were together to work on yourself.
If you were dating your ex for less than a year, give yourself at least a week for each month you were together.
3-4. Work with a therapist if you feel like you need a relationship.
Sometimes, rushing into a relationship can stem from your childhood experiences or a mental illness. Fortunately, a therapist can help you get to the root of your need to be in a relationship. Additionally, they’ll teach you how to change your thoughts and behaviors so you can make better choices for yourself.
Ask your doctor to refer you to a therapist or look for one online. Your insurance benefits may cover your sessions, so check your benefits.
Tips
It’s easy to fall in love, but staying in love takes work. Give yourself the time you need to make sure your partner is someone you can maintain a long-term relationship with.[14]
X
Trustworthy Source
HelpGuide
Nonprofit organization dedicated to providing free, evidence-based mental health and wellness resources.
Go to source
Romantic love isn’t the only type of love. Focus on the love you get from your friends and family.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Slowing Down with Someone\\n1-1. Recognize the signs that you're rushing your relationship.\\nYou're probably rushing your relationship if you've recently started dating your partner but already think they're \\\"the one.\\\" It takes time for true love to develop, so give yourself time to get to know your partner and fall in love. Here are some signs that you might be rushing:\\nYou're spending all of your free time with the person you're dating.\\nYour relationship is mostly physical.\\nYou can't stop texting them.\\nYou're constantly posting about your relationship.\\nYou feel afraid of losing them after 1-3 dates.\\n1-2. Spend time with friends and family to take your mind off the relationship.\\nWhen you meet someone you like, it’s normal to want to see them as much as possible. However, spending all of your time with your new romantic partner rushes your relationship. Instead, make plans with your friends and family members. This way you’re out having fun and your mind is off your new relationship. \\nFor instance, let’s say you have a date with your new partner on Friday night. Make plans with your friends all day Saturday so you won’t be tempted to see your romantic interest again.\\n1-3. Keep plans you've already made with friends.\\nWhen you really like someone, you might not think twice about dropping what you’re doing to see your love interest. At the same time, doing so creates an unhealthy dynamic in your relationship and puts too much of your focus on your new partner. Stick to your original plans even if the person you’re dating wants to see you. Instead, tell them when you are available and try to schedule a date then. \\nFor example, let’s say you’re planning to do karaoke with your friends on Friday night, but your romantic partner calls and asks to go out. Say, “I already have plans with friends tonight, but I’m available tomorrow. Could we go out then?”\\n1-4. Continue to date around until you know a person well.\\nWhen you find a person who seems to check all your boxes, it’s normal to want to focus all of your attention on them. However, you don’t actually know them that well. Don’t become exclusive with them until you’ve gotten to know each other and you’re both ready to be exclusive.\\nYou don’t need to tell the other person you’re dating other people unless they ask. Similarly, don’t bring it up with them until you’re interested in being exclusive.\\n1-5. Wait until you’ve gone on at least 3 dates to get intimate.\\nIt’s up to you when you become intimate, and it’s okay to explore your sexuality. However, having sex early in a relationship might make you feel connected to the person too soon. If you have a tendency to rush relationships, wait until you’ve gotten to know the person a bit before you take things to the bedroom.\\nYou might decide to wait longer if you don’t feel like you know the person well enough. For instance, you might wait until you’ve been dating for a whole month.\\n1-6. Focus on making a connection and not on building a relationship.\\nWhen you’re trying to find “the one,” you’re more likely to rush into things with every romantic partner you find. Ironically, this can make it harder to find the right person for you. When you first start dating someone, don’t worry if they’re “the one” or if there’s a future with them. Instead, try to make a connection with them and see where that goes.\\nGet to know the person you’re dating! Try to find their best qualities and their flaws.\\nIf you realize that the relationship isn’t working, it’s okay to go ahead and break things off. However, don’t assume that someone is your soulmate because they seem perfect for you after 1 date.\\n2. Building a Healthy Relationship Gradually\\n2-1. Be honest about what you want in a relationship after a few dates.\\nHonesty is essential for a healthy relationship. Plus, telling your partner what you want ensures you won’t pretend to have the same goals as them to continue the relationship. Discuss what you each want in a relationship after you’ve gotten to know each other over a few dates. \\nYou might say, “I want to take things slow, but I’m looking for a relationship that will lead to a marriage,” or “I’m looking for a serious relationship, but I want someone who will support my career choices.”\\n2-2. Maintain your relationships with your friends and family.\\nDon’t focus all of your attention on your partner, as it creates an unhealthy dynamic. Continue to spend time with your friends and family even after you’re committed to your relationship. This will help both you and your partner be more fulfilled.\\nFor instance, text your friends and close family members daily, and see them at least once a week.\\nSpending too much time with your romantic partner can make you dependent on each other, which can make your relationship progress too quickly.\\n2-3. Keep your feelings to yourself until you're sure you're in love.\\nYou might feel like you’re in love early in the relationship, but don’t tell your partner until you've had time to be sure. Sharing your feelings too early in the relationship can create a level of intimacy and commitment neither of you is truly ready for. Additionally, it might make you focus on an idealized version of your partner rather than their real self. Wait until you’ve gotten to know the person well enough to be sure you're in love.\\nFor instance, hold off on saying “I love you,” even if you feel it.\\n2-4. Be honest about your partner’s flaws.\\nNo one is perfect, so your partner will have some flaws. Early in your relationship, it’s likely that you’ll only see their good qualities. Over time, recognize their flaws, as well. Otherwise, it’ll be difficult to form a healthy relationship with them.\\nAs an example, your partner might be a little messier than you’d like.\\nIf you think your partner is flawless, you’re probably projecting an image that you have onto them. Try to get to know the real them.\\n2-5. Avoid making big decisions until you’ve been dating for several months.\\nYou might fantasize about moving in with this person or having a child together after just a few dates, but don’t jump into a big commitment so fast. Make a rule for yourself that you won’t make any big decisions until you’ve been together for a certain amount of time, even if you think it’s the right choice. This will help you build a healthy relationship instead of rushing things.\\nAs an example, you might decide that you won’t talk about moving in with them until you’ve been together for longer than 6 months. Additionally, you might commit to holding off on an engagement until you’ve been together for longer than 2 years.\\n3. Focusing on Yourself\\n3-1. Pursue your personal goals and not just a relationship.\\nImagine your ideal life, then write down the things you’d be doing. Create a list of goals that will help you get what you want most in life. Break those goals into measurable objectives, then start checking off each step. This will help you create a great life for yourself so you can find the right partner to fit into it.\\nAs an example, you might decide that you want to open your own business and buy a house. Your immediate goals might be to start business school, work on your business plan, and save for a house.\\n3-2. Enjoy being single\\nIt’s normal to feel afraid or depressed about being alone. However, being single can be a wonderful time in your life if you focus on what makes you happy. Spend this time pursuing your hobbies, having fun with your friends, and exploring your options. When the time is right, you’ll meet the right person for you.\\nFor example, take a class to learn something you’ve always wanted to try.\\nUse this time to accomplish a goal that’s important to you, like writing a book or earning a degree.\\nTravel and try new things.\\nSpend your free time with friends and family so you know you’re loved.\\n3-3. Take a break from dating if you’ve recently gone through a breakup.\\nGoing through a breakup is really painful, and you might be tempted to get into a new relationship to help you feel better. However, rebounding from one relationship into another too fast won’t be healthy in the long-term. You’ll likely project feelings you had for your ex onto your new partner, and it’ll be hard for you to take things slow. After a breakup, give yourself a month for every year you were together to work on yourself.\\nIf you were dating your ex for less than a year, give yourself at least a week for each month you were together.\\n3-4. Work with a therapist if you feel like you need a relationship.\\nSometimes, rushing into a relationship can stem from your childhood experiences or a mental illness. Fortunately, a therapist can help you get to the root of your need to be in a relationship. Additionally, they’ll teach you how to change your thoughts and behaviors so you can make better choices for yourself.\\nAsk your doctor to refer you to a therapist or look for one online. Your insurance benefits may cover your sessions, so check your benefits.\\nTips\\nIt’s easy to fall in love, but staying in love takes work. Give yourself the time you need to make sure your partner is someone you can maintain a long-term relationship with.[14]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nHelpGuide\\nNonprofit organization dedicated to providing free, evidence-based mental health and wellness resources.\\nGo to source\\nRomantic love isn’t the only type of love. Focus on the love you get from your friends and family.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Falling in love is exciting and fills you with hope, so it's easy to get carried away. However, rushing a relationship can prevent you from creating a healthy relationship with your new partner. To slow things down with your partner, spend more time with your friends and family and wait to form a commitment. Then, work on building a healthy relationship with them at a slow, gradual pace so you're not rushing into things. Additionally, focus on being your best self so you’re ready for a healthy relationship.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Slowing Down with Someone\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognize the signs that you're rushing your relationship.\", \"描述\": \"You're probably rushing your relationship if you've recently started dating your partner but already think they're \\\"the one.\\\" It takes time for true love to develop, so give yourself time to get to know your partner and fall in love. Here are some signs that you might be rushing:\\nYou're spending all of your free time with the person you're dating.\\nYour relationship is mostly physical.\\nYou can't stop texting them.\\nYou're constantly posting about your relationship.\\nYou feel afraid of losing them after 1-3 dates.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spend time with friends and family to take your mind off the relationship.\", \"描述\": \"When you meet someone you like, it’s normal to want to see them as much as possible. However, spending all of your time with your new romantic partner rushes your relationship. Instead, make plans with your friends and family members. This way you’re out having fun and your mind is off your new relationship. \\nFor instance, let’s say you have a date with your new partner on Friday night. Make plans with your friends all day Saturday so you won’t be tempted to see your romantic interest again.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep plans you've already made with friends.\", \"描述\": \"When you really like someone, you might not think twice about dropping what you’re doing to see your love interest. At the same time, doing so creates an unhealthy dynamic in your relationship and puts too much of your focus on your new partner. Stick to your original plans even if the person you’re dating wants to see you. Instead, tell them when you are available and try to schedule a date then. \\nFor example, let’s say you’re planning to do karaoke with your friends on Friday night, but your romantic partner calls and asks to go out. Say, “I already have plans with friends tonight, but I’m available tomorrow. Could we go out then?”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue to date around until you know a person well.\", \"描述\": \"When you find a person who seems to check all your boxes, it’s normal to want to focus all of your attention on them. However, you don’t actually know them that well. Don’t become exclusive with them until you’ve gotten to know each other and you’re both ready to be exclusive.\\nYou don’t need to tell the other person you’re dating other people unless they ask. Similarly, don’t bring it up with them until you’re interested in being exclusive.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait until you’ve gone on at least 3 dates to get intimate.\", \"描述\": \"It’s up to you when you become intimate, and it’s okay to explore your sexuality. However, having sex early in a relationship might make you feel connected to the person too soon. If you have a tendency to rush relationships, wait until you’ve gotten to know the person a bit before you take things to the bedroom.\\nYou might decide to wait longer if you don’t feel like you know the person well enough. For instance, you might wait until you’ve been dating for a whole month.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Focus on making a connection and not on building a relationship.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re trying to find “the one,” you’re more likely to rush into things with every romantic partner you find. Ironically, this can make it harder to find the right person for you. When you first start dating someone, don’t worry if they’re “the one” or if there’s a future with them. Instead, try to make a connection with them and see where that goes.\\nGet to know the person you’re dating! Try to find their best qualities and their flaws.\\nIf you realize that the relationship isn’t working, it’s okay to go ahead and break things off. However, don’t assume that someone is your soulmate because they seem perfect for you after 1 date.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building a Healthy Relationship Gradually\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be honest about what you want in a relationship after a few dates.\", \"描述\": \"Honesty is essential for a healthy relationship. Plus, telling your partner what you want ensures you won’t pretend to have the same goals as them to continue the relationship. Discuss what you each want in a relationship after you’ve gotten to know each other over a few dates. \\nYou might say, “I want to take things slow, but I’m looking for a relationship that will lead to a marriage,” or “I’m looking for a serious relationship, but I want someone who will support my career choices.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain your relationships with your friends and family.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t focus all of your attention on your partner, as it creates an unhealthy dynamic. Continue to spend time with your friends and family even after you’re committed to your relationship. This will help both you and your partner be more fulfilled.\\nFor instance, text your friends and close family members daily, and see them at least once a week.\\nSpending too much time with your romantic partner can make you dependent on each other, which can make your relationship progress too quickly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your feelings to yourself until you're sure you're in love.\", \"描述\": \"You might feel like you’re in love early in the relationship, but don’t tell your partner until you've had time to be sure. Sharing your feelings too early in the relationship can create a level of intimacy and commitment neither of you is truly ready for. Additionally, it might make you focus on an idealized version of your partner rather than their real self. Wait until you’ve gotten to know the person well enough to be sure you're in love.\\nFor instance, hold off on saying “I love you,” even if you feel it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be honest about your partner’s flaws.\", \"描述\": \"No one is perfect, so your partner will have some flaws. Early in your relationship, it’s likely that you’ll only see their good qualities. Over time, recognize their flaws, as well. Otherwise, it’ll be difficult to form a healthy relationship with them.\\nAs an example, your partner might be a little messier than you’d like.\\nIf you think your partner is flawless, you’re probably projecting an image that you have onto them. Try to get to know the real them.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid making big decisions until you’ve been dating for several months.\", \"描述\": \"You might fantasize about moving in with this person or having a child together after just a few dates, but don’t jump into a big commitment so fast. Make a rule for yourself that you won’t make any big decisions until you’ve been together for a certain amount of time, even if you think it’s the right choice. This will help you build a healthy relationship instead of rushing things.\\nAs an example, you might decide that you won’t talk about moving in with them until you’ve been together for longer than 6 months. Additionally, you might commit to holding off on an engagement until you’ve been together for longer than 2 years.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focusing on Yourself\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pursue your personal goals and not just a relationship.\", \"描述\": \"Imagine your ideal life, then write down the things you’d be doing. Create a list of goals that will help you get what you want most in life. Break those goals into measurable objectives, then start checking off each step. This will help you create a great life for yourself so you can find the right partner to fit into it.\\nAs an example, you might decide that you want to open your own business and buy a house. Your immediate goals might be to start business school, work on your business plan, and save for a house.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enjoy being single\", \"描述\": \"It’s normal to feel afraid or depressed about being alone. However, being single can be a wonderful time in your life if you focus on what makes you happy. Spend this time pursuing your hobbies, having fun with your friends, and exploring your options. When the time is right, you’ll meet the right person for you.\\nFor example, take a class to learn something you’ve always wanted to try.\\nUse this time to accomplish a goal that’s important to you, like writing a book or earning a degree.\\nTravel and try new things.\\nSpend your free time with friends and family so you know you’re loved.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take a break from dating if you’ve recently gone through a breakup.\", \"描述\": \"Going through a breakup is really painful, and you might be tempted to get into a new relationship to help you feel better. However, rebounding from one relationship into another too fast won’t be healthy in the long-term. You’ll likely project feelings you had for your ex onto your new partner, and it’ll be hard for you to take things slow. After a breakup, give yourself a month for every year you were together to work on yourself.\\nIf you were dating your ex for less than a year, give yourself at least a week for each month you were together.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work with a therapist if you feel like you need a relationship.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes, rushing into a relationship can stem from your childhood experiences or a mental illness. Fortunately, a therapist can help you get to the root of your need to be in a relationship. Additionally, they’ll teach you how to change your thoughts and behaviors so you can make better choices for yourself.\\nAsk your doctor to refer you to a therapist or look for one online. Your insurance benefits may cover your sessions, so check your benefits.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It’s easy to fall in love, but staying in love takes work. Give yourself the time you need to make sure your partner is someone you can maintain a long-term relationship with.[14]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nHelpGuide\\nNonprofit organization dedicated to providing free, evidence-based mental health and wellness resources.\\nGo to source\\n\", \"Romantic love isn’t the only type of love. Focus on the love you get from your friends and family.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,174 | How to Avoid Sadness by Staying Busy | 1. Connecting with Others
1-1. Spend time with friends and family.
When you're sad, avoid isolating yourself. Make sure to connect with your friends and family regularly. That doesn't mean you need to host big parties, but rather be with people who are supportive and caring, even in smaller ways.
When you're feeling sad, reach out to a friend or family member by phone. Choose people who you think will be good listeners and provide reassurance.
Ask friends to hang out after work or on the weekends. Invite a small group or just one good friend to do something fun.
Visit with relatives more. There may be other family members who are going through a hard time too. Reach out to them.
1-2. Join an activity club.
Spending time with people who have common interests can help you feel less sad or alone. Think about the things that interest you personally. There may be clubs, social groups, or sports leagues available that you can join for free or low cost.
Check out Meetup.com for groups and activities. There is often a diverse collection of activities available, and new people to meet.
Identify clubs that may relate to your interests or background. Search online or check out community centers in your area. There may be runner's clubs or mom's clubs out there.
1-3. Connect with people in your community.
There are many people who feel socially isolated or wish they could be connected more to others in their community. Consider meeting up with a neighbor or reaching out to community centers about activities in your area.
Meet up with an elderly neighbor who may also be feeling isolated or sad. Offer to help them or invite them over for dinner.
Connect with your local place of worship. Churches and synagogues, for example, are places where people can feel safe to express their joy and their sadness. There may be a bible study group or another group that appeals to you.
Go to your neighborhood community center or a YMCA for information about programs and activities. There are often many activities for people of all ages--kids, teens, adults, and older adults.
1-4. Volunteer.
Volunteering can be socially empowering and personally enriching. There are many organizations and non-profits that need volunteers. Identify places that may interest you, and connect with a volunteer coordinator for more information about how to help.
When you decide you'd like to volunteer, don't over commit yourself. Start with possibly helping out a few hours after work or school, or for part of a weekend.
Some volunteer opportunities request regular volunteers, while others just to need volunteers during the holidays or for occasional events throughout the year.
Consider choosing activities where you can directly connect with others such as after-school tutoring programs, volunteering at a hospital or retirement facility, or delivering meals through Meals on Wheels.
2. Enriching Your Mind and Body
2-1. Take an educational or enrichment class.
While going back to school for a degree may not be necessary or desirable, life enrichment and educational classes can help you feel productive. Classes provide regular structure over a few months, so that you're more accountable to keep up the activities or work. It can help to distract you from sadness or boredom.
Search for classes at a local community college. Oftentimes it is easy to enroll in one or two classes for your own knowledge and interest.
If you have an interest in the arts, there are often art centers or programs that offer short-term classes for the spring, summer, and fall.
Consider online courses that could help to further your knowledge or career. You may find technical classes related to computers and design helpful for work or a future job.
2-2. Be adventurous.
When you're sad, you may feel stuck and unmotivated. Try to get out of your normal routine more often. This can help you to feel more confident and boost your spirits. Being adventurous can have different meanings for different people. You define what adventure looks like to you.
Travel for a weekend getaway. You may find yourself happier and more relaxed when you're in the great outdoors or sipping drinks on the beach.
Go to a new place to eat. Make new and different meals at home. Search for ingredients that aren't so typical. Try out new recipes.
Do something a little outside of your comfort zone. Maybe you've always wanted to learn archery or go surfing. Schedule to take a class or learn more about what that activity would entail.
2-3. Exercise regularly.
Exercise can help boost your mood, and make you feel more energized. It doesn't mean that you need to hit the gym every day to help make yourself feel better. But, it's important to keep your body moving as it helps to reduce feelings of sadness and depression.
Take a walk outside. Go for a hike. Get outdoors for run or bike ride.
Take a fitness class or dance lessons. Try a new workout routine.
Schedule times to go to the gym. Consider having a workout buddy or getting a personal trainer.
2-4. Devote time to a hobby or interest.
Make time for things that interest you. They don't have to be costly or time-consuming, just fun and enjoyable. Set aside time after work, school, or taking care of the kids to do something for yourself. Prioritize this time for you, so that it's consistent rather than sporadic.
Join a book club or read more for fun.
Get crafty or artistic. Draw. Paint. Sculpt. Knit. Build things.
Get involved with a local, intramural sports team through work, school, or in the community.
Get geeky. Join a science or technology organization. Learn computer applications or programs. Find groups that are interested in comics, sci-fi, or fantasy games.
3. Allowing Time for Reflection
3-1. Be more introspective.
With modern technology and smart phones, it's easy to look busy at all times. When you put away your phone or sit somewhere feeling idle, you may be more connected to your actual thoughts and emotions. This can be at first unsettling, but it's actually a good thing. Try activities that help you stay in tune with your feelings so that you can have more control over them.
Consider doing meditation regularly. Even twenty minutes of meditation can help to clear your thoughts and feel more at peace.
Write in a journal about what you're thinking or feeling. This can help to provide clarity about a situation or feeling.
Try gentle yoga. This is a combination of stretching and mindfulness.
3-2. Accept your feelings.
While you may want to resist thinking about your sadness, loneliness, or grief, it's important to acknowledge that those feelings exist rather than deny them. Accept that feeling sad from time to time can be a part of life. It is a healthy response to things that may involve loss or grief.
Talk with someone you trust about your feelings of sadness. Communicating with others who are supportive can provide reassurance and boost your mood.
Be present with your feelings. See them not as something that controls you, but rather a part of human existence.
Having self-awareness about what is making you sad can also help you to focus more on activities that may actually benefit you, rather than masking your feelings with activities that do little to boost your mood.
3-3. Avoid masking your sadness with mindless activities.
Staying busy with activities that provide limited or no relief should be avoided. There are many ways that you can "pass the time," but you don't want to spend all your time doing things that make you feel bad or worse about yourself. Avoid these activities as a way to keep busy:
Watching TV night after night. Spending time on the couch with limited social interaction.
Mindless eating or snacking. Eating even when you're not hungry. Eating as a way to pass time.
Using alcohol or drugs to make you feel better. This could lead to an unhealthy dependence if you are careless.
3-4. Seek professional advice for persistent sadness, grief, or depression.
While being sad from time to time is normal, pay attention to how long and how persistent this sadness is occurring. If you are feeling constantly sad every day for more than two weeks, seek help from a trained professional. They can help you understand your situation with greater clarity and provide treatment options.
Talk with a counselor about your feelings. There may be counselors or counseling centers in your area that take your insurance or provide assistance at low-cost. They can help you identify healthy ways to cope.
Talk with your doctor if your sadness is impacting you both emotionally and physically. A healthcare provider can provide appropriate referrals or prescribe medication.
Seek out support groups if there is a particular cause for your sadness, such as a recent death, divorce, loss, substance abuse issue, or other life event. Search online or in your community for support groups that may help you navigate these feelings.
If you have any thoughts regarding self-harm, reach out immediately to an emergency hotline. In the US, you can call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Connecting with Others\\n1-1. Spend time with friends and family.\\nWhen you're sad, avoid isolating yourself. Make sure to connect with your friends and family regularly. That doesn't mean you need to host big parties, but rather be with people who are supportive and caring, even in smaller ways.\\nWhen you're feeling sad, reach out to a friend or family member by phone. Choose people who you think will be good listeners and provide reassurance.\\nAsk friends to hang out after work or on the weekends. Invite a small group or just one good friend to do something fun.\\nVisit with relatives more. There may be other family members who are going through a hard time too. Reach out to them.\\n1-2. Join an activity club.\\nSpending time with people who have common interests can help you feel less sad or alone. Think about the things that interest you personally. There may be clubs, social groups, or sports leagues available that you can join for free or low cost. \\nCheck out Meetup.com for groups and activities. There is often a diverse collection of activities available, and new people to meet.\\nIdentify clubs that may relate to your interests or background. Search online or check out community centers in your area. There may be runner's clubs or mom's clubs out there.\\n1-3. Connect with people in your community.\\nThere are many people who feel socially isolated or wish they could be connected more to others in their community. Consider meeting up with a neighbor or reaching out to community centers about activities in your area. \\nMeet up with an elderly neighbor who may also be feeling isolated or sad. Offer to help them or invite them over for dinner.\\nConnect with your local place of worship. Churches and synagogues, for example, are places where people can feel safe to express their joy and their sadness. There may be a bible study group or another group that appeals to you.\\nGo to your neighborhood community center or a YMCA for information about programs and activities. There are often many activities for people of all ages--kids, teens, adults, and older adults.\\n1-4. Volunteer.\\nVolunteering can be socially empowering and personally enriching. There are many organizations and non-profits that need volunteers. Identify places that may interest you, and connect with a volunteer coordinator for more information about how to help.\\nWhen you decide you'd like to volunteer, don't over commit yourself. Start with possibly helping out a few hours after work or school, or for part of a weekend.\\nSome volunteer opportunities request regular volunteers, while others just to need volunteers during the holidays or for occasional events throughout the year.\\nConsider choosing activities where you can directly connect with others such as after-school tutoring programs, volunteering at a hospital or retirement facility, or delivering meals through Meals on Wheels.\\n2. Enriching Your Mind and Body\\n2-1. Take an educational or enrichment class.\\nWhile going back to school for a degree may not be necessary or desirable, life enrichment and educational classes can help you feel productive. Classes provide regular structure over a few months, so that you're more accountable to keep up the activities or work. It can help to distract you from sadness or boredom. \\nSearch for classes at a local community college. Oftentimes it is easy to enroll in one or two classes for your own knowledge and interest.\\nIf you have an interest in the arts, there are often art centers or programs that offer short-term classes for the spring, summer, and fall.\\nConsider online courses that could help to further your knowledge or career. You may find technical classes related to computers and design helpful for work or a future job.\\n2-2. Be adventurous.\\nWhen you're sad, you may feel stuck and unmotivated. Try to get out of your normal routine more often. This can help you to feel more confident and boost your spirits. Being adventurous can have different meanings for different people. You define what adventure looks like to you.\\nTravel for a weekend getaway. You may find yourself happier and more relaxed when you're in the great outdoors or sipping drinks on the beach.\\nGo to a new place to eat. Make new and different meals at home. Search for ingredients that aren't so typical. Try out new recipes.\\nDo something a little outside of your comfort zone. Maybe you've always wanted to learn archery or go surfing. Schedule to take a class or learn more about what that activity would entail.\\n2-3. Exercise regularly.\\nExercise can help boost your mood, and make you feel more energized. It doesn't mean that you need to hit the gym every day to help make yourself feel better. But, it's important to keep your body moving as it helps to reduce feelings of sadness and depression.\\nTake a walk outside. Go for a hike. Get outdoors for run or bike ride.\\nTake a fitness class or dance lessons. Try a new workout routine.\\nSchedule times to go to the gym. Consider having a workout buddy or getting a personal trainer.\\n2-4. Devote time to a hobby or interest.\\nMake time for things that interest you. They don't have to be costly or time-consuming, just fun and enjoyable. Set aside time after work, school, or taking care of the kids to do something for yourself. Prioritize this time for you, so that it's consistent rather than sporadic. \\nJoin a book club or read more for fun.\\nGet crafty or artistic. Draw. Paint. Sculpt. Knit. Build things.\\nGet involved with a local, intramural sports team through work, school, or in the community.\\nGet geeky. Join a science or technology organization. Learn computer applications or programs. Find groups that are interested in comics, sci-fi, or fantasy games.\\n3. Allowing Time for Reflection\\n3-1. Be more introspective.\\nWith modern technology and smart phones, it's easy to look busy at all times. When you put away your phone or sit somewhere feeling idle, you may be more connected to your actual thoughts and emotions. This can be at first unsettling, but it's actually a good thing. Try activities that help you stay in tune with your feelings so that you can have more control over them.\\nConsider doing meditation regularly. Even twenty minutes of meditation can help to clear your thoughts and feel more at peace.\\nWrite in a journal about what you're thinking or feeling. This can help to provide clarity about a situation or feeling.\\nTry gentle yoga. This is a combination of stretching and mindfulness.\\n3-2. Accept your feelings.\\nWhile you may want to resist thinking about your sadness, loneliness, or grief, it's important to acknowledge that those feelings exist rather than deny them. Accept that feeling sad from time to time can be a part of life. It is a healthy response to things that may involve loss or grief. \\nTalk with someone you trust about your feelings of sadness. Communicating with others who are supportive can provide reassurance and boost your mood.\\nBe present with your feelings. See them not as something that controls you, but rather a part of human existence.\\nHaving self-awareness about what is making you sad can also help you to focus more on activities that may actually benefit you, rather than masking your feelings with activities that do little to boost your mood.\\n3-3. Avoid masking your sadness with mindless activities.\\nStaying busy with activities that provide limited or no relief should be avoided. There are many ways that you can \\\"pass the time,\\\" but you don't want to spend all your time doing things that make you feel bad or worse about yourself. Avoid these activities as a way to keep busy:\\nWatching TV night after night. Spending time on the couch with limited social interaction.\\nMindless eating or snacking. Eating even when you're not hungry. Eating as a way to pass time.\\nUsing alcohol or drugs to make you feel better. This could lead to an unhealthy dependence if you are careless.\\n3-4. Seek professional advice for persistent sadness, grief, or depression.\\nWhile being sad from time to time is normal, pay attention to how long and how persistent this sadness is occurring. If you are feeling constantly sad every day for more than two weeks, seek help from a trained professional. They can help you understand your situation with greater clarity and provide treatment options.\\nTalk with a counselor about your feelings. There may be counselors or counseling centers in your area that take your insurance or provide assistance at low-cost. They can help you identify healthy ways to cope.\\nTalk with your doctor if your sadness is impacting you both emotionally and physically. A healthcare provider can provide appropriate referrals or prescribe medication.\\nSeek out support groups if there is a particular cause for your sadness, such as a recent death, divorce, loss, substance abuse issue, or other life event. Search online or in your community for support groups that may help you navigate these feelings.\\nIf you have any thoughts regarding self-harm, reach out immediately to an emergency hotline. In the US, you can call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"When you're sad, you may feel lost and unfocused. Staying busy can help you feel happier and less idle. Make sure that the things that you choose to keep you busy are less stressful and more enjoyable. Don't focus all your time on work, school, or care-giving, which could leave you emotionally drained and still feeling alone. Connecting with others is crucial to making you feel better. Do activities that enrich your mind and body. Accept that it's okay to feel sad from time to time, and make sure to allow yourself time for introspection.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Connecting with Others\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spend time with friends and family.\", \"描述\": \"When you're sad, avoid isolating yourself. Make sure to connect with your friends and family regularly. That doesn't mean you need to host big parties, but rather be with people who are supportive and caring, even in smaller ways.\\nWhen you're feeling sad, reach out to a friend or family member by phone. Choose people who you think will be good listeners and provide reassurance.\\nAsk friends to hang out after work or on the weekends. Invite a small group or just one good friend to do something fun.\\nVisit with relatives more. There may be other family members who are going through a hard time too. Reach out to them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join an activity club.\", \"描述\": \"Spending time with people who have common interests can help you feel less sad or alone. Think about the things that interest you personally. There may be clubs, social groups, or sports leagues available that you can join for free or low cost. \\nCheck out Meetup.com for groups and activities. There is often a diverse collection of activities available, and new people to meet.\\nIdentify clubs that may relate to your interests or background. Search online or check out community centers in your area. There may be runner's clubs or mom's clubs out there.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Connect with people in your community.\", \"描述\": \"There are many people who feel socially isolated or wish they could be connected more to others in their community. Consider meeting up with a neighbor or reaching out to community centers about activities in your area. \\nMeet up with an elderly neighbor who may also be feeling isolated or sad. Offer to help them or invite them over for dinner.\\nConnect with your local place of worship. Churches and synagogues, for example, are places where people can feel safe to express their joy and their sadness. There may be a bible study group or another group that appeals to you.\\nGo to your neighborhood community center or a YMCA for information about programs and activities. There are often many activities for people of all ages--kids, teens, adults, and older adults.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Volunteer.\", \"描述\": \"Volunteering can be socially empowering and personally enriching. There are many organizations and non-profits that need volunteers. Identify places that may interest you, and connect with a volunteer coordinator for more information about how to help.\\nWhen you decide you'd like to volunteer, don't over commit yourself. Start with possibly helping out a few hours after work or school, or for part of a weekend.\\nSome volunteer opportunities request regular volunteers, while others just to need volunteers during the holidays or for occasional events throughout the year.\\nConsider choosing activities where you can directly connect with others such as after-school tutoring programs, volunteering at a hospital or retirement facility, or delivering meals through Meals on Wheels.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enriching Your Mind and Body\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take an educational or enrichment class.\", \"描述\": \"While going back to school for a degree may not be necessary or desirable, life enrichment and educational classes can help you feel productive. Classes provide regular structure over a few months, so that you're more accountable to keep up the activities or work. It can help to distract you from sadness or boredom. \\nSearch for classes at a local community college. Oftentimes it is easy to enroll in one or two classes for your own knowledge and interest.\\nIf you have an interest in the arts, there are often art centers or programs that offer short-term classes for the spring, summer, and fall.\\nConsider online courses that could help to further your knowledge or career. You may find technical classes related to computers and design helpful for work or a future job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be adventurous.\", \"描述\": \"When you're sad, you may feel stuck and unmotivated. Try to get out of your normal routine more often. This can help you to feel more confident and boost your spirits. Being adventurous can have different meanings for different people. You define what adventure looks like to you.\\nTravel for a weekend getaway. You may find yourself happier and more relaxed when you're in the great outdoors or sipping drinks on the beach.\\nGo to a new place to eat. Make new and different meals at home. Search for ingredients that aren't so typical. Try out new recipes.\\nDo something a little outside of your comfort zone. Maybe you've always wanted to learn archery or go surfing. Schedule to take a class or learn more about what that activity would entail.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Exercise regularly.\", \"描述\": \"Exercise can help boost your mood, and make you feel more energized. It doesn't mean that you need to hit the gym every day to help make yourself feel better. But, it's important to keep your body moving as it helps to reduce feelings of sadness and depression.\\nTake a walk outside. Go for a hike. Get outdoors for run or bike ride.\\nTake a fitness class or dance lessons. Try a new workout routine.\\nSchedule times to go to the gym. Consider having a workout buddy or getting a personal trainer.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Devote time to a hobby or interest.\", \"描述\": \"Make time for things that interest you. They don't have to be costly or time-consuming, just fun and enjoyable. Set aside time after work, school, or taking care of the kids to do something for yourself. Prioritize this time for you, so that it's consistent rather than sporadic. \\nJoin a book club or read more for fun.\\nGet crafty or artistic. Draw. Paint. Sculpt. Knit. Build things.\\nGet involved with a local, intramural sports team through work, school, or in the community.\\nGet geeky. Join a science or technology organization. Learn computer applications or programs. Find groups that are interested in comics, sci-fi, or fantasy games.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Allowing Time for Reflection\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be more introspective.\", \"描述\": \"With modern technology and smart phones, it's easy to look busy at all times. When you put away your phone or sit somewhere feeling idle, you may be more connected to your actual thoughts and emotions. This can be at first unsettling, but it's actually a good thing. Try activities that help you stay in tune with your feelings so that you can have more control over them.\\nConsider doing meditation regularly. Even twenty minutes of meditation can help to clear your thoughts and feel more at peace.\\nWrite in a journal about what you're thinking or feeling. This can help to provide clarity about a situation or feeling.\\nTry gentle yoga. This is a combination of stretching and mindfulness.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Accept your feelings.\", \"描述\": \"While you may want to resist thinking about your sadness, loneliness, or grief, it's important to acknowledge that those feelings exist rather than deny them. Accept that feeling sad from time to time can be a part of life. It is a healthy response to things that may involve loss or grief. \\nTalk with someone you trust about your feelings of sadness. Communicating with others who are supportive can provide reassurance and boost your mood.\\nBe present with your feelings. See them not as something that controls you, but rather a part of human existence.\\nHaving self-awareness about what is making you sad can also help you to focus more on activities that may actually benefit you, rather than masking your feelings with activities that do little to boost your mood.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid masking your sadness with mindless activities.\", \"描述\": \"Staying busy with activities that provide limited or no relief should be avoided. There are many ways that you can \\\"pass the time,\\\" but you don't want to spend all your time doing things that make you feel bad or worse about yourself. Avoid these activities as a way to keep busy:\\nWatching TV night after night. Spending time on the couch with limited social interaction.\\nMindless eating or snacking. Eating even when you're not hungry. Eating as a way to pass time.\\nUsing alcohol or drugs to make you feel better. This could lead to an unhealthy dependence if you are careless.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Seek professional advice for persistent sadness, grief, or depression.\", \"描述\": \"While being sad from time to time is normal, pay attention to how long and how persistent this sadness is occurring. If you are feeling constantly sad every day for more than two weeks, seek help from a trained professional. They can help you understand your situation with greater clarity and provide treatment options.\\nTalk with a counselor about your feelings. There may be counselors or counseling centers in your area that take your insurance or provide assistance at low-cost. They can help you identify healthy ways to cope.\\nTalk with your doctor if your sadness is impacting you both emotionally and physically. A healthcare provider can provide appropriate referrals or prescribe medication.\\nSeek out support groups if there is a particular cause for your sadness, such as a recent death, divorce, loss, substance abuse issue, or other life event. Search online or in your community for support groups that may help you navigate these feelings.\\nIf you have any thoughts regarding self-harm, reach out immediately to an emergency hotline. In the US, you can call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,175 | How to Avoid Saying Bad Words | 1. Become Self Aware and Plan
1-1. Recognize why you want to stop.
Using bad words can reflect poorly upon you. In many circles, people who swear are seen as uncultured, uneducated, unrefined, immature, or worse. On the internet, swearing can get you banned from all sorts of social sites. Additionally, if you are using swear words directed at other people, you may be seen as a bully, unreasonable, or abusive. So there are many reasons to get your language under control. Take a few moments to consider why you want to quit, and how getting your language under control may improve your relationships and public image.
You can have a conversation with yourself.
Think about how your mind is predisposed to making something a habit.
Refer to newspaper or online stories of people who had to face the consequences of such behavior.
1-2. Notice when you curse.
Figure out your triggers and bad habits. Get a notebook and a pen, and spend a week noting your cussing. When do you curse most? Is it around certain people, at certain places? Notice what are your environmental triggers. Is it when you are in traffic? When you have an irate customer on the line? Is it when you are stressed, frustrated or angry? Write down the words and the situations for a week. This will help you become aware of your behavior, which is the first step in changing it.
1-3. Enlist help (optional).
Tell some trusted, kind friends and family that you want to stop cursing and enlist their help. Ask these people to tell you when you cuss.
If you do this step, realize that you will be getting critiqued. Decide ahead of time, if you can handle this kind of feedback. If not, skip this step. But if you do enlist help, make sure you do not get mad at your helpers for critiquing your cussing - after all, they are only doing this to help you.
1-4. Brainstorm other ways to express yourself.
At the end of your observation week, spend an hour going over your notebook. Brainstorm alternatives to your cussing. Figure out other, healthier ways to express your feelings.
Instead of saying "#@$% the management!", say "I am really frustrated with the management right now" or some equivalent. Note how much more powerful and better received your thoughts and feelings are when you do not cuss.
You can also substitute more neutral words like darn, rats, flipping, crud, oh man, dang it, shiz, sugar, shoot, fiddlesticks, etc. in place of your normal cuss words.
2. Start by Making Small Changes
2-1. Start small.
Start to change your ways, but start small. Picking a small manageable task is the best way to form a new habit. Pick one place, one situation to improve in. For example, you may choose to start by no longer cussing while driving, or in front of your nephew. Just pick one situation, and spend the first week avoiding cussing in that one.
When you (or your helpers) do catch a cussing in this situation. Apologize and rephrase the sentence without any bad words. This may seem awkward, but practicing talking without cuss words is the only way you will get better.
2-2. Punish yourself.
Consider creating a swear jar. With a swear jar, every time you swear you put a dollar in. Now, to make the swear jar really work, you need to really hate losing that money. And losing a dollar here or there just isn't painful enough emotionally to be a real deterrent. Especially if you give that money to a friend or a favorite charity. Instead slate the swear jar money for something you really hate, like a rival political party. If you are Republican, make a commitment to donate all swear jar proceeds to the Democratic party. If you are Pro-Choice, make a commitment to donate all swear jar proceeds to a Pro-Life group. Now that will really make you clean up your language.
2-3. Reward yourself.
When you meet your goal for that week - for example, no swearing in front of your nephew - reward yourself with something: a night out, a movie, a good book, a massage.
3. Continue Adding Challenges and Practicing
3-1. Expand your challenges.
Once you have succeeded in cleaning up your language in one situation (say in front of your nephew), add new situations week by week.
For example, if you successfully did not cuss in front of your nephew all week. Next week do that, and do not swear when near playgrounds.
If you are not successful at your first goal, then that means your challenge was too big. Make it more manageable. Instead of never cussing in front of your nephew, make your goal smaller. Such as, "I will not cuss before 8 am", or "I will not cuss at the drive through window". Pick a time frame and situation that you know you can do, then expand the challenge from there, week by week.
3-2. Practice patience
The key to success is to pick manageable situations and time frames to improve in. It will take time but slowly you will ease out of the cussing habit. It may take years before not cussing becomes your new habit. Self-improvement is always difficult but undeniably worth the effort.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Become Self Aware and Plan\\n1-1. Recognize why you want to stop.\\nUsing bad words can reflect poorly upon you. In many circles, people who swear are seen as uncultured, uneducated, unrefined, immature, or worse. On the internet, swearing can get you banned from all sorts of social sites. Additionally, if you are using swear words directed at other people, you may be seen as a bully, unreasonable, or abusive. So there are many reasons to get your language under control. Take a few moments to consider why you want to quit, and how getting your language under control may improve your relationships and public image.\\nYou can have a conversation with yourself.\\nThink about how your mind is predisposed to making something a habit.\\nRefer to newspaper or online stories of people who had to face the consequences of such behavior.\\n1-2. Notice when you curse.\\nFigure out your triggers and bad habits. Get a notebook and a pen, and spend a week noting your cussing. When do you curse most? Is it around certain people, at certain places? Notice what are your environmental triggers. Is it when you are in traffic? When you have an irate customer on the line? Is it when you are stressed, frustrated or angry? Write down the words and the situations for a week. This will help you become aware of your behavior, which is the first step in changing it.\\n1-3. Enlist help (optional).\\nTell some trusted, kind friends and family that you want to stop cursing and enlist their help. Ask these people to tell you when you cuss.\\nIf you do this step, realize that you will be getting critiqued. Decide ahead of time, if you can handle this kind of feedback. If not, skip this step. But if you do enlist help, make sure you do not get mad at your helpers for critiquing your cussing - after all, they are only doing this to help you.\\n1-4. Brainstorm other ways to express yourself.\\nAt the end of your observation week, spend an hour going over your notebook. Brainstorm alternatives to your cussing. Figure out other, healthier ways to express your feelings.\\nInstead of saying \\\"#@$% the management!\\\", say \\\"I am really frustrated with the management right now\\\" or some equivalent. Note how much more powerful and better received your thoughts and feelings are when you do not cuss.\\nYou can also substitute more neutral words like darn, rats, flipping, crud, oh man, dang it, shiz, sugar, shoot, fiddlesticks, etc. in place of your normal cuss words.\\n2. Start by Making Small Changes\\n2-1. Start small.\\nStart to change your ways, but start small. Picking a small manageable task is the best way to form a new habit. Pick one place, one situation to improve in. For example, you may choose to start by no longer cussing while driving, or in front of your nephew. Just pick one situation, and spend the first week avoiding cussing in that one.\\nWhen you (or your helpers) do catch a cussing in this situation. Apologize and rephrase the sentence without any bad words. This may seem awkward, but practicing talking without cuss words is the only way you will get better.\\n2-2. Punish yourself.\\nConsider creating a swear jar. With a swear jar, every time you swear you put a dollar in. Now, to make the swear jar really work, you need to really hate losing that money. And losing a dollar here or there just isn't painful enough emotionally to be a real deterrent. Especially if you give that money to a friend or a favorite charity. Instead slate the swear jar money for something you really hate, like a rival political party. If you are Republican, make a commitment to donate all swear jar proceeds to the Democratic party. If you are Pro-Choice, make a commitment to donate all swear jar proceeds to a Pro-Life group. Now that will really make you clean up your language.\\n2-3. Reward yourself.\\nWhen you meet your goal for that week - for example, no swearing in front of your nephew - reward yourself with something: a night out, a movie, a good book, a massage.\\n3. Continue Adding Challenges and Practicing\\n3-1. Expand your challenges.\\nOnce you have succeeded in cleaning up your language in one situation (say in front of your nephew), add new situations week by week.\\nFor example, if you successfully did not cuss in front of your nephew all week. Next week do that, and do not swear when near playgrounds.\\nIf you are not successful at your first goal, then that means your challenge was too big. Make it more manageable. Instead of never cussing in front of your nephew, make your goal smaller. Such as, \\\"I will not cuss before 8 am\\\", or \\\"I will not cuss at the drive through window\\\". Pick a time frame and situation that you know you can do, then expand the challenge from there, week by week.\\n3-2. Practice patience\\nThe key to success is to pick manageable situations and time frames to improve in. It will take time but slowly you will ease out of the cussing habit. It may take years before not cussing becomes your new habit. Self-improvement is always difficult but undeniably worth the effort.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Swearing is an easy habit to pick up, and a hard one to break. But if you are serious about cleaning up your language, it can be done. Read below for help on how to avoid saying bad words.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become Self Aware and Plan\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognize why you want to stop.\", \"描述\": \"Using bad words can reflect poorly upon you. In many circles, people who swear are seen as uncultured, uneducated, unrefined, immature, or worse. On the internet, swearing can get you banned from all sorts of social sites. Additionally, if you are using swear words directed at other people, you may be seen as a bully, unreasonable, or abusive. So there are many reasons to get your language under control. Take a few moments to consider why you want to quit, and how getting your language under control may improve your relationships and public image.\\nYou can have a conversation with yourself.\\nThink about how your mind is predisposed to making something a habit.\\nRefer to newspaper or online stories of people who had to face the consequences of such behavior.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Notice when you curse.\", \"描述\": \"Figure out your triggers and bad habits. Get a notebook and a pen, and spend a week noting your cussing. When do you curse most? Is it around certain people, at certain places? Notice what are your environmental triggers. Is it when you are in traffic? When you have an irate customer on the line? Is it when you are stressed, frustrated or angry? Write down the words and the situations for a week. This will help you become aware of your behavior, which is the first step in changing it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enlist help (optional).\", \"描述\": \"Tell some trusted, kind friends and family that you want to stop cursing and enlist their help. Ask these people to tell you when you cuss.\\nIf you do this step, realize that you will be getting critiqued. Decide ahead of time, if you can handle this kind of feedback. If not, skip this step. But if you do enlist help, make sure you do not get mad at your helpers for critiquing your cussing - after all, they are only doing this to help you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brainstorm other ways to express yourself.\", \"描述\": \"At the end of your observation week, spend an hour going over your notebook. Brainstorm alternatives to your cussing. Figure out other, healthier ways to express your feelings.\\nInstead of saying \\\"#@$% the management!\\\", say \\\"I am really frustrated with the management right now\\\" or some equivalent. Note how much more powerful and better received your thoughts and feelings are when you do not cuss.\\nYou can also substitute more neutral words like darn, rats, flipping, crud, oh man, dang it, shiz, sugar, shoot, fiddlesticks, etc. in place of your normal cuss words.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start by Making Small Changes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start small.\", \"描述\": \"Start to change your ways, but start small. Picking a small manageable task is the best way to form a new habit. Pick one place, one situation to improve in. For example, you may choose to start by no longer cussing while driving, or in front of your nephew. Just pick one situation, and spend the first week avoiding cussing in that one.\\nWhen you (or your helpers) do catch a cussing in this situation. Apologize and rephrase the sentence without any bad words. This may seem awkward, but practicing talking without cuss words is the only way you will get better.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Punish yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Consider creating a swear jar. With a swear jar, every time you swear you put a dollar in. Now, to make the swear jar really work, you need to really hate losing that money. And losing a dollar here or there just isn't painful enough emotionally to be a real deterrent. Especially if you give that money to a friend or a favorite charity. Instead slate the swear jar money for something you really hate, like a rival political party. If you are Republican, make a commitment to donate all swear jar proceeds to the Democratic party. If you are Pro-Choice, make a commitment to donate all swear jar proceeds to a Pro-Life group. Now that will really make you clean up your language.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Reward yourself.\", \"描述\": \"When you meet your goal for that week - for example, no swearing in front of your nephew - reward yourself with something: a night out, a movie, a good book, a massage.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continue Adding Challenges and Practicing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Expand your challenges.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have succeeded in cleaning up your language in one situation (say in front of your nephew), add new situations week by week.\\nFor example, if you successfully did not cuss in front of your nephew all week. Next week do that, and do not swear when near playgrounds.\\nIf you are not successful at your first goal, then that means your challenge was too big. Make it more manageable. Instead of never cussing in front of your nephew, make your goal smaller. Such as, \\\"I will not cuss before 8 am\\\", or \\\"I will not cuss at the drive through window\\\". Pick a time frame and situation that you know you can do, then expand the challenge from there, week by week.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice patience\", \"描述\": \"The key to success is to pick manageable situations and time frames to improve in. It will take time but slowly you will ease out of the cussing habit. It may take years before not cussing becomes your new habit. Self-improvement is always difficult but undeniably worth the effort.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,176 | How to Avoid Saying Harmful Things when Arguing with Your Spouse | 1. Avoiding Hurtful Words
1-1. Identify hostile remarks.
The worst thing you can do during an argument is to use hostile remarks. These are remarks that are intended to make your partner feel embarrassed, saddened, or humiliated. During an argument, you may make these types of remarks without even realizing that they are hostile and damaging to your relationship.
There are six common types of hostile remarks: character assassinations, threats of abandonment, threats of exile, invalidations, challenges, and preaching. Each weakens your partner's sense of self-esteem in its own way.
Talk to your spouse about these common hostile remarks and ask them to help police your speech so you can avoid saying these things. Let your spouse know that you can do the same for them.
1-2. Resist character assassinations.
Character assassinations are a type of hostile remark that involve making sweeping declarations about your spouse, usually that your spouse is irreparably bad or flawed. This may include name calling or labels such as "loser." It may even be a simple character evaluation, such as, "You're too much work and you're not worth it."
Character assassinations don't have to be giant, degrading slurs. Often times minor character assassinations go unnoticed or uncontested, quietly causing emotional damage.
1-3. Avoid threats of abandonment.
Any time you make empty threats to leave or imply that you no longer have feelings for someone, you're making a threat of abandonment. This type of hostile remark makes your partner feel worthless. You may not intend to harm your spouse's sense of self-worth, especially if you say something in the heat of an argument, but it can have a lasting impact on your relationship.
Examples of threats of abandonment include "I'm sick of you" and "You're more trouble than you're worth. I'm over it."
1-4. Refrain from threats of exile.
A threat of exile is when you threaten to kick your spouse out of your life. This may be an offhand hostile remark, like saying, "I don't need you in my life anymore." It can also be a direct challenge, like saying, "Get back together with your ex - you don't deserve someone like me."
Threats of exile weaken the stability of your relationship by conveying, whether truthfully or as an empty threat, that you don't value or care about your spouse.
1-5. Recognize invalidations.
Every time you say something to make your spouse feel dumb, out of touch, or not worth listening to, you are invalidating them. This may be a harsh insult, like saying, "You're stupid," or it may degrade the other person, like if you say, "You don't know what you're talking about - you're not worth listening to."
1-6. Abstain from making challenges.
Challenges involve asking questions or making accusations that take away your spouse's right to their feelings. Some common challenges that are posed in hostile interactions include, "How can you believe that?" or "That's the dumbest idea I've ever heard."
1-7. Avoid preaching.
Preaching involves making your spouse feel like a child by reprimanding them or citing some unseen authority on the subject. For example, saying something like, "You're being whiny and immature" or "No decent person would ever say/do what you said/did" would be preaching.
The unspoken assumption involved in preaching is that your spouse is always wrong and you are always right. Whether you realize it or not, this is the message you are sending.
2. Preventing Generalizations
2-1. Recognize generalizations.
Generalizations often fall into "you always" or "you never" statements. These broad characterizations of your spouse are unfair and will only hurt your spouse's feelings, whether you mean to or not.
Generalizations usually come up when you are exhausted with your spouse or have witnessed them say or do something more than once - hence, two occasions become "You always side with your friends instead of me."
Generalizations may also come up when you have not seen or heard something in a while. For example, a generalization of this type might be, "You never invite me when you go to parties."
2-2. Stop yourself any time you're about to generalize.
Speak slowly during an argument, and try to refrain any time you're about to say "You always do that" or "You never do this." For example, you might catch yourself planning to say in an argument, "You always talk over me when you don't like hearing the truth." This type of statement is usually an exaggeration or completely untrue, but in the moment it may seem like a good response to your spouse.
Talk to your spouse about generalizations and try to help one another by policing each other's words during a fight.
Have a nonverbal code, like holding one hand up, that signals to your partner that they've just used a generalization or were about to. Agree that when this happens, you will both take a five minute break and return when you're both calm and relaxed.
2-3. Assess the situation.
Any time you're thinking a generalized thought in your head, it may be helpful to challenge that thought by looking at the facts. Ask yourself whether your spouse actually always or never does what you're about to accuse them of. It can help you to see this as just that - an accusation.
Think about all the times your spouse has broken your "always/never" accusation. Let yourself appreciate your spouse for all the times they've made you happy.
2-4. Reframe your argument.
Once you've learned to recognize generalizations and you've taken a moment to cool off and collect your thoughts, you can restructure the conversation to be more productive. Instead of saying your spouse always or never does something, you can simply say something like, "Earlier, when you started talking over me, it hurt my feelings and I felt like you didn't care about what I think."
Avoid placing blame or drawing conclusions based on limited experiences. When you reframe your argument, you should be working towards a solution to the problem, not trying to make your spouse feel bad for hurting your feelings.
3. Defusing a Tense Situation
3-1. Resist the urge to yell.
Some people raise their voices during conflicts without really realizing it. Others yell deliberately in an attempt to exert power over the argument. Whatever your situation may be, yelling will only lead to hurt feelings and further problems. It will not resolve anything.
If you're prone to yelling or if you catch yourself raising your voice, try switching to a softer, whispering volume.
Whispering forces you to use a calmer tone and makes you speak without intimidating, frightening, or angering your partner.
3-2. Stay focused on the present topic.
During a heated argument, many couples tend to dredge up things from the past. This may not be deliberate, as arguments tend to make people remember other things they are frustrated about. However, bringing up one or more unrelated topics will not solve the original problem or the ones being brought up.
Ask your spouse to gently remind you to stay on topic if you start bringing up the past, then reciprocate as needed.
Make sure you never act as though your partner is the problem. Focus on the issue or their behavior that caused the problem without attacking your spouse as a person.
Focus on finding solutions, not placing blame. This is the best way to make an argument healthy and productive.
3-3. Acknowledge your intentions in the conversation.
If you and your partner can calmly and rationally work out a solution to a given problem, proceed with caution and remain respectful. If your intention is to hurt your partner or blame them for something they did, stop the conversation immediately. For example, if your spouse didn't invite you to a party and you felt left out, don't start an argument to make them feel bad or apologize. Start a conversation to calmly and respectfully communicate that you feel left out when you're not invited to things. If you're not sure about your intentions, ask yourself the following questions:
Are you starting an argument (intentionally or not) to get back at your spouse for something they did?
Is your goal to shame, humiliate, frustrate, or belittle your spouse?
Is there a reasonable solution to the problem(s) at hand? Are you working towards solving problems, or just placing blame?
What do you see as an ideal resolution? Are you actually working towards that resolution or simply starting a fight?
3-4. Understand each other's family patterns.
You or your spouse may have grown up in a household where the parents fought constantly or said hurtful things whenever they argued. It's possible that you or your spouse may have picked up these argumentative tendencies without realizing it and without recognizing them as hostile and harmful. While this doesn't excuse this type of behavior, it does help give you context to know why you or your spouse argues that way. Once you're aware of it, you can begin to work together to change those habits to something more constructive.
Don't blame yourself or your partner for these tendencies, but recognize them for what they are: unhealthy and detrimental to your relationship.
Try to calmly (and without blame) help one another recognize these patterns in your speech. For example, you might say, "I'm not trying to blame you or detract from what you're saying, but I think you might be using unhealthy ways of arguing again."
4. Communicating in a Healthier Way
4-1. Treat your spouse how you want to be treated.
During an argument, emotions can easily run away from you. You may think irrational thoughts, and you may end up saying or doing the most hurtful thing that comes to mind. However, this is tremendously unhealthy and unproductive. The best way to build a healthy channel of communication is to always treat your spouse the way you would like to be treated, even during an argument.
Always speak with respect and kindness. Even in the midst of an argument, remember that your spouse wants the same courtesies as you.
Never say anything critical or argumentative, and resist the urge to get defensive or avoid your problems.
4-2. Express your wants and needs.
Many arguments arise because one partner feels like the other isn't meeting their wants and needs. However, it's entirely possible that your partner doesn't know or fully understand what you want or need at that moment. Instead of forcing your spouse to play guessing games, let your partner know what you want and need, both in a given situation and in your relationship in general. Ask your partner to do the same with you.
Never expect your partner to know what you want in a given moment. Your partner is not a mind reader and neither are you, so use your words to calmly convey your wants and needs before it reaches a point of argument.
Express your wants and needs as a request, never as a demand. Your spouse is much more likely to meet your needs if you ask politely and calmly, rather than screaming that they should or shouldn't do something.
4-3. Distinguish emotional statements from factual ones.
Your spouse might make an emotional statement, saying (for example) that they feel like you don't spend enough time together. It's important to recognize that your spouse is not necessarily saying, "We don't spend enough time together," nor is your spouse necessarily blaming you. Your spouse is simply conveying their emotions and trying to resolve what they see as a growing problem.
Resist the urge to get defensive. Take a deep breath and break apart the actual words your partner said.
Notice whether or not your spouse ever actually presented the statement as a matter of fact, and whether or not your spouse placed any blame on you.
Instead of turning it around and blaming your spouse for their feelings, ask why your spouse feels that way and what you can do to change it.
4-4. Use "I" statements instead of "you" statements.
"I" statements simply convey how you're feeling and why. For example, you might use an "I" statement to tell your spouse, "I feel sad when you don't listen." By contrast, "you" statements place blame - for example, "You never listen to me."
Use calm words to convey your feelings, then give concrete examples of what made you feel that way and why. Keep your examples relevant to the conversation by not bringing up past incidents.
For example, you might say something like, "It really hurt my feelings when you said you didn't want to put up with me anymore. I felt abandoned, and it made me feel like you don't value me or see me as your partner."
4-5. Deal with issues as they come up.
Avoiding a topic of discussion will not make it go away. You simply end up bottling all those resentful or hurt feelings for a while, and they end up coming out explosively when you least expect it.
Don't put off talking about something that hurt your feelings. Wait until it's an appropriate time to talk, though - for example, wait until you get home from a party to let your spouse know you're upset about something.
Never act passive-aggressively towards your partner. This includes giving them the cold shoulder or avoiding them while angrily insisting that nothing is wrong.
Deal with the issue when it comes up by sitting down together and having a calm, rational conversation to try and arrive at a reasonable solution.
4-6. Resist the urge to say things in the moment.
Dealing with issues when they come up does not mean saying whatever thoughts come to mind during an argument. In the heat of the moment, you may think (and end up saying) angry or even hurtful things, and if you allow yourself to vocalize those thoughts, there's no way to take them back.
Take a breather any time you feel like saying something hurtful. Ask your spouse to do the same.
Let your partner know that you need to take a conversational pause. Specify where you'll be and when you'll be ready to talk again, then meet at the agreed upon time and place.
Use that time to take a walk, listen to relaxing music through headphones (don't blast the stereo), or simply sit alone in a dark room and focus on your breathing.
When you're both feeling calm and refreshed, meet with your spouse and calmly discuss the issue without placing blame or getting defensive.
4-7. Work on nonverbal communication skills.
Your words can be harmful and emotionally damaging during an argument, but so can the way you say them. You may not be aware of your own nonverbal signals, but they convey a lot of information, whether you mean to or not.
Be aware of your posture and body language. The way you carry yourself while talking to your partner can convey a lot of emotions.
Facial expressions can be difficult for some people to recognize or control. If you tend to grimace or scrunch your face without realizing it, ask your spouse to politely point it out when you do it so you'll become more aware of it.
Avoid crossing your arms, turning away from your partner, or rolling your eyes, as all of these convey a negative or dismissive reaction to what your spouse is saying.
Be aware of your spouse's nonverbal signals as well. For example, if your partner's expression looks saddened by what you said, pause and put your hand reassuringly on their shoulder, then apologize and say, "Let me try rephrasing that."
4-8. Negotiate without trying to win.
A healthy argument involves some type of negotiation or compromise that solves the problem with both partners feeling fairly treated. An argument should never be about proving that your partner was "wrong," as this won't actually solve the problem at all.
Remember that it's perfectly acceptable for you and your partner to agree to disagree. Instead of trying to convince one another that you're "right," just acknowledge your different opinions, let it go, and move on.
You should never enter an argument hoping to prove your spouse wrong or prove yourself right. There's never a winner or loser in an argument - instead, you should think of solving the argument as a win for your relationship that benefits both of you.
For example, if you argued because your spouse said hurtful things about you being late, ask your spouse to avoid saying those types of comments, then promise your spouse that you'll work on managing your time and leaving earlier in the future.
4-9. Apologize for hurt feelings.
It's important to apologize any time you or your partner hurt one another's feelings, whether it was intentional or not. Some couples may try to adopt a "don't talk about it after we argue" approach, but this can leave one or both of you feeling hurt.
Acknowledge that what you said or did was hurtful.
Don't give a fake apology, like saying "I'm sorry you felt that way." Instead, offer a sincere, heartfelt apology, such as "I'm sorry I said that, dear. I got carried away and I know it was wrong, and I just feel awful that I made you sad."
If your spouse said something hurtful to you, politely ask them to apologize as well.
You might consider having a conversation with your spouse about your expectations for how and when you should each apologize to one another after a fight.
5. Building a Stronger, More Supportive Relationship
5-1. Share positive, loving feelings.
A healthy relationship requires healthy communication. If you're only really communicating when you argue, you're not building a strong foundation for your relationship.
Tell your spouse that you love them and care about them. You don't need any special occasion to do this - you can do it every day if you're comfortable doing so.
Let your partner know when they've done something that makes you happy and thank them for it. For example, you might say, "I really appreciate the way you've been inviting me to more social events. It means a lot to me, so thank you."
Show gratitude for the little acts of kindness your spouse does for you every day. Even small and simple things like sharing household chores or picking up after you when you're busy or not feeling well deserve acknowledgment.
5-2. Choose your battles.
If your spouse said or did something that seriously upset you, offended you, or threatened the stability of your marriage, you should have a serious talk about the incident. However, if your spouse says something in passing that rubs you the wrong way, it's probably not worth starting an argument over.
Learn to give your spouse the benefit of the doubt. For example, if you've been married for several years and your spouse has never criticized you over something before, they probably didn't mean to do so now.
Focus on the kind, caring things your partner says and does every day. It's probably safe to assume that those acts of kindness outweigh this one word or action that you didn't like.
Never criticize your spouse. You can criticize actions or words if you can do so respectfully, but tearing down your partner is not a healthy way to communicate.
5-3. Enjoy your time together.
One way to build a stronger foundation for your relationship is to bond over shared interests. This can help remind you that your partner cares about you, which may help you give them the benefit of the doubt when an argument does pop up.
Take an interest in your spouse's hobbies. You can also invite your spouse to join you at something you enjoy.
Try taking up a new hobby together - something that you can both learn and explore together.
5-4. Check in from time to time.
It's normal for relationships to change and evolve over time. This happens because you and your partner are changing and evolving, and you should be growing together instead of separately or apart. As this happens, you may find it comforting to check in with your spouse on the status of things.
Ask your spouse about any changes in goals or expectations for one another and for the relationship.
You can also check in by saying something like, "I'm sorry I overreacted last week. I feel like things are back to normal, but I wanted to make sure you feel like everything is okay with us after that fight we had."
You may only need to check in on goals or expectations once or twice a year, though some couples may need to do this more often. You should only need to check on the status of your relationship after really big arguments.
5-5. Seek counseling as needed.
If the level of communication between you and your spouse has deteriorated or is consistently negative, you may need the help of a marriage counselor. A marriage counselor can help you develop better communication skills and work through difficult periods in your marriage. You can find a marriage counselor in your area by searching online or asking your doctor for a recommendation.
Never feel embarrassed or frustrated over needing the help of a marriage counselor. Not getting professional help would likely cause your relationship to continue to deteriorate.
Make sure your counselor is a licensed therapist with training that specifically deals with marital therapy. You should also make sure the therapist is committed to finding real solutions, rather than just encouraging a separation.
It's important to have a clear idea of what you hope to accomplish with the help of a marriage counselor. You'll need to work on the issues at home between sessions, which is where most of the healing and repair will take place.
Be honest and open during counseling. This should be a time and place where you and your spouse can calmly and respectfully air your grievances and find ways to work through them.
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Hurtful Words\\n1-1. Identify hostile remarks.\\nThe worst thing you can do during an argument is to use hostile remarks. These are remarks that are intended to make your partner feel embarrassed, saddened, or humiliated. During an argument, you may make these types of remarks without even realizing that they are hostile and damaging to your relationship.\\nThere are six common types of hostile remarks: character assassinations, threats of abandonment, threats of exile, invalidations, challenges, and preaching. Each weakens your partner's sense of self-esteem in its own way.\\nTalk to your spouse about these common hostile remarks and ask them to help police your speech so you can avoid saying these things. Let your spouse know that you can do the same for them.\\n1-2. Resist character assassinations.\\nCharacter assassinations are a type of hostile remark that involve making sweeping declarations about your spouse, usually that your spouse is irreparably bad or flawed. This may include name calling or labels such as \\\"loser.\\\" It may even be a simple character evaluation, such as, \\\"You're too much work and you're not worth it.\\\"\\nCharacter assassinations don't have to be giant, degrading slurs. Often times minor character assassinations go unnoticed or uncontested, quietly causing emotional damage.\\n1-3. Avoid threats of abandonment.\\nAny time you make empty threats to leave or imply that you no longer have feelings for someone, you're making a threat of abandonment. This type of hostile remark makes your partner feel worthless. You may not intend to harm your spouse's sense of self-worth, especially if you say something in the heat of an argument, but it can have a lasting impact on your relationship.\\nExamples of threats of abandonment include \\\"I'm sick of you\\\" and \\\"You're more trouble than you're worth. I'm over it.\\\"\\n1-4. Refrain from threats of exile.\\nA threat of exile is when you threaten to kick your spouse out of your life. This may be an offhand hostile remark, like saying, \\\"I don't need you in my life anymore.\\\" It can also be a direct challenge, like saying, \\\"Get back together with your ex - you don't deserve someone like me.\\\"\\nThreats of exile weaken the stability of your relationship by conveying, whether truthfully or as an empty threat, that you don't value or care about your spouse.\\n1-5. Recognize invalidations.\\nEvery time you say something to make your spouse feel dumb, out of touch, or not worth listening to, you are invalidating them. This may be a harsh insult, like saying, \\\"You're stupid,\\\" or it may degrade the other person, like if you say, \\\"You don't know what you're talking about - you're not worth listening to.\\\"\\n1-6. Abstain from making challenges.\\nChallenges involve asking questions or making accusations that take away your spouse's right to their feelings. Some common challenges that are posed in hostile interactions include, \\\"How can you believe that?\\\" or \\\"That's the dumbest idea I've ever heard.\\\"\\n1-7. Avoid preaching.\\nPreaching involves making your spouse feel like a child by reprimanding them or citing some unseen authority on the subject. For example, saying something like, \\\"You're being whiny and immature\\\" or \\\"No decent person would ever say/do what you said/did\\\" would be preaching.\\nThe unspoken assumption involved in preaching is that your spouse is always wrong and you are always right. Whether you realize it or not, this is the message you are sending.\\n2. Preventing Generalizations\\n2-1. Recognize generalizations.\\nGeneralizations often fall into \\\"you always\\\" or \\\"you never\\\" statements. These broad characterizations of your spouse are unfair and will only hurt your spouse's feelings, whether you mean to or not.\\nGeneralizations usually come up when you are exhausted with your spouse or have witnessed them say or do something more than once - hence, two occasions become \\\"You always side with your friends instead of me.\\\"\\nGeneralizations may also come up when you have not seen or heard something in a while. For example, a generalization of this type might be, \\\"You never invite me when you go to parties.\\\"\\n2-2. Stop yourself any time you're about to generalize.\\nSpeak slowly during an argument, and try to refrain any time you're about to say \\\"You always do that\\\" or \\\"You never do this.\\\" For example, you might catch yourself planning to say in an argument, \\\"You always talk over me when you don't like hearing the truth.\\\" This type of statement is usually an exaggeration or completely untrue, but in the moment it may seem like a good response to your spouse.\\nTalk to your spouse about generalizations and try to help one another by policing each other's words during a fight.\\nHave a nonverbal code, like holding one hand up, that signals to your partner that they've just used a generalization or were about to. Agree that when this happens, you will both take a five minute break and return when you're both calm and relaxed.\\n2-3. Assess the situation.\\nAny time you're thinking a generalized thought in your head, it may be helpful to challenge that thought by looking at the facts. Ask yourself whether your spouse actually always or never does what you're about to accuse them of. It can help you to see this as just that - an accusation.\\nThink about all the times your spouse has broken your \\\"always/never\\\" accusation. Let yourself appreciate your spouse for all the times they've made you happy.\\n2-4. Reframe your argument.\\nOnce you've learned to recognize generalizations and you've taken a moment to cool off and collect your thoughts, you can restructure the conversation to be more productive. Instead of saying your spouse always or never does something, you can simply say something like, \\\"Earlier, when you started talking over me, it hurt my feelings and I felt like you didn't care about what I think.\\\"\\nAvoid placing blame or drawing conclusions based on limited experiences. When you reframe your argument, you should be working towards a solution to the problem, not trying to make your spouse feel bad for hurting your feelings.\\n3. Defusing a Tense Situation\\n3-1. Resist the urge to yell.\\nSome people raise their voices during conflicts without really realizing it. Others yell deliberately in an attempt to exert power over the argument. Whatever your situation may be, yelling will only lead to hurt feelings and further problems. It will not resolve anything.\\nIf you're prone to yelling or if you catch yourself raising your voice, try switching to a softer, whispering volume.\\nWhispering forces you to use a calmer tone and makes you speak without intimidating, frightening, or angering your partner.\\n3-2. Stay focused on the present topic.\\nDuring a heated argument, many couples tend to dredge up things from the past. This may not be deliberate, as arguments tend to make people remember other things they are frustrated about. However, bringing up one or more unrelated topics will not solve the original problem or the ones being brought up. \\nAsk your spouse to gently remind you to stay on topic if you start bringing up the past, then reciprocate as needed.\\nMake sure you never act as though your partner is the problem. Focus on the issue or their behavior that caused the problem without attacking your spouse as a person.\\nFocus on finding solutions, not placing blame. This is the best way to make an argument healthy and productive.\\n3-3. Acknowledge your intentions in the conversation.\\nIf you and your partner can calmly and rationally work out a solution to a given problem, proceed with caution and remain respectful. If your intention is to hurt your partner or blame them for something they did, stop the conversation immediately. For example, if your spouse didn't invite you to a party and you felt left out, don't start an argument to make them feel bad or apologize. Start a conversation to calmly and respectfully communicate that you feel left out when you're not invited to things. If you're not sure about your intentions, ask yourself the following questions:\\nAre you starting an argument (intentionally or not) to get back at your spouse for something they did?\\nIs your goal to shame, humiliate, frustrate, or belittle your spouse?\\nIs there a reasonable solution to the problem(s) at hand? Are you working towards solving problems, or just placing blame?\\nWhat do you see as an ideal resolution? Are you actually working towards that resolution or simply starting a fight?\\n3-4. Understand each other's family patterns.\\nYou or your spouse may have grown up in a household where the parents fought constantly or said hurtful things whenever they argued. It's possible that you or your spouse may have picked up these argumentative tendencies without realizing it and without recognizing them as hostile and harmful. While this doesn't excuse this type of behavior, it does help give you context to know why you or your spouse argues that way. Once you're aware of it, you can begin to work together to change those habits to something more constructive.\\nDon't blame yourself or your partner for these tendencies, but recognize them for what they are: unhealthy and detrimental to your relationship.\\nTry to calmly (and without blame) help one another recognize these patterns in your speech. For example, you might say, \\\"I'm not trying to blame you or detract from what you're saying, but I think you might be using unhealthy ways of arguing again.\\\"\\n4. Communicating in a Healthier Way\\n4-1. Treat your spouse how you want to be treated.\\nDuring an argument, emotions can easily run away from you. You may think irrational thoughts, and you may end up saying or doing the most hurtful thing that comes to mind. However, this is tremendously unhealthy and unproductive. The best way to build a healthy channel of communication is to always treat your spouse the way you would like to be treated, even during an argument. \\nAlways speak with respect and kindness. Even in the midst of an argument, remember that your spouse wants the same courtesies as you.\\nNever say anything critical or argumentative, and resist the urge to get defensive or avoid your problems.\\n4-2. Express your wants and needs.\\nMany arguments arise because one partner feels like the other isn't meeting their wants and needs. However, it's entirely possible that your partner doesn't know or fully understand what you want or need at that moment. Instead of forcing your spouse to play guessing games, let your partner know what you want and need, both in a given situation and in your relationship in general. Ask your partner to do the same with you.\\nNever expect your partner to know what you want in a given moment. Your partner is not a mind reader and neither are you, so use your words to calmly convey your wants and needs before it reaches a point of argument.\\nExpress your wants and needs as a request, never as a demand. Your spouse is much more likely to meet your needs if you ask politely and calmly, rather than screaming that they should or shouldn't do something.\\n4-3. Distinguish emotional statements from factual ones.\\nYour spouse might make an emotional statement, saying (for example) that they feel like you don't spend enough time together. It's important to recognize that your spouse is not necessarily saying, \\\"We don't spend enough time together,\\\" nor is your spouse necessarily blaming you. Your spouse is simply conveying their emotions and trying to resolve what they see as a growing problem.\\nResist the urge to get defensive. Take a deep breath and break apart the actual words your partner said.\\nNotice whether or not your spouse ever actually presented the statement as a matter of fact, and whether or not your spouse placed any blame on you.\\nInstead of turning it around and blaming your spouse for their feelings, ask why your spouse feels that way and what you can do to change it.\\n4-4. Use \\\"I\\\" statements instead of \\\"you\\\" statements.\\n\\\"I\\\" statements simply convey how you're feeling and why. For example, you might use an \\\"I\\\" statement to tell your spouse, \\\"I feel sad when you don't listen.\\\" By contrast, \\\"you\\\" statements place blame - for example, \\\"You never listen to me.\\\"\\nUse calm words to convey your feelings, then give concrete examples of what made you feel that way and why. Keep your examples relevant to the conversation by not bringing up past incidents.\\nFor example, you might say something like, \\\"It really hurt my feelings when you said you didn't want to put up with me anymore. I felt abandoned, and it made me feel like you don't value me or see me as your partner.\\\"\\n4-5. Deal with issues as they come up.\\nAvoiding a topic of discussion will not make it go away. You simply end up bottling all those resentful or hurt feelings for a while, and they end up coming out explosively when you least expect it.\\nDon't put off talking about something that hurt your feelings. Wait until it's an appropriate time to talk, though - for example, wait until you get home from a party to let your spouse know you're upset about something.\\nNever act passive-aggressively towards your partner. This includes giving them the cold shoulder or avoiding them while angrily insisting that nothing is wrong.\\nDeal with the issue when it comes up by sitting down together and having a calm, rational conversation to try and arrive at a reasonable solution.\\n4-6. Resist the urge to say things in the moment.\\nDealing with issues when they come up does not mean saying whatever thoughts come to mind during an argument. In the heat of the moment, you may think (and end up saying) angry or even hurtful things, and if you allow yourself to vocalize those thoughts, there's no way to take them back.\\nTake a breather any time you feel like saying something hurtful. Ask your spouse to do the same.\\nLet your partner know that you need to take a conversational pause. Specify where you'll be and when you'll be ready to talk again, then meet at the agreed upon time and place.\\nUse that time to take a walk, listen to relaxing music through headphones (don't blast the stereo), or simply sit alone in a dark room and focus on your breathing.\\nWhen you're both feeling calm and refreshed, meet with your spouse and calmly discuss the issue without placing blame or getting defensive.\\n4-7. Work on nonverbal communication skills.\\nYour words can be harmful and emotionally damaging during an argument, but so can the way you say them. You may not be aware of your own nonverbal signals, but they convey a lot of information, whether you mean to or not.\\nBe aware of your posture and body language. The way you carry yourself while talking to your partner can convey a lot of emotions.\\nFacial expressions can be difficult for some people to recognize or control. If you tend to grimace or scrunch your face without realizing it, ask your spouse to politely point it out when you do it so you'll become more aware of it.\\nAvoid crossing your arms, turning away from your partner, or rolling your eyes, as all of these convey a negative or dismissive reaction to what your spouse is saying.\\nBe aware of your spouse's nonverbal signals as well. For example, if your partner's expression looks saddened by what you said, pause and put your hand reassuringly on their shoulder, then apologize and say, \\\"Let me try rephrasing that.\\\"\\n4-8. Negotiate without trying to win.\\nA healthy argument involves some type of negotiation or compromise that solves the problem with both partners feeling fairly treated. An argument should never be about proving that your partner was \\\"wrong,\\\" as this won't actually solve the problem at all. \\nRemember that it's perfectly acceptable for you and your partner to agree to disagree. Instead of trying to convince one another that you're \\\"right,\\\" just acknowledge your different opinions, let it go, and move on.\\nYou should never enter an argument hoping to prove your spouse wrong or prove yourself right. There's never a winner or loser in an argument - instead, you should think of solving the argument as a win for your relationship that benefits both of you.\\nFor example, if you argued because your spouse said hurtful things about you being late, ask your spouse to avoid saying those types of comments, then promise your spouse that you'll work on managing your time and leaving earlier in the future.\\n4-9. Apologize for hurt feelings.\\nIt's important to apologize any time you or your partner hurt one another's feelings, whether it was intentional or not. Some couples may try to adopt a \\\"don't talk about it after we argue\\\" approach, but this can leave one or both of you feeling hurt.\\nAcknowledge that what you said or did was hurtful.\\nDon't give a fake apology, like saying \\\"I'm sorry you felt that way.\\\" Instead, offer a sincere, heartfelt apology, such as \\\"I'm sorry I said that, dear. I got carried away and I know it was wrong, and I just feel awful that I made you sad.\\\"\\nIf your spouse said something hurtful to you, politely ask them to apologize as well.\\nYou might consider having a conversation with your spouse about your expectations for how and when you should each apologize to one another after a fight.\\n5. Building a Stronger, More Supportive Relationship\\n5-1. Share positive, loving feelings.\\nA healthy relationship requires healthy communication. If you're only really communicating when you argue, you're not building a strong foundation for your relationship. \\nTell your spouse that you love them and care about them. You don't need any special occasion to do this - you can do it every day if you're comfortable doing so.\\nLet your partner know when they've done something that makes you happy and thank them for it. For example, you might say, \\\"I really appreciate the way you've been inviting me to more social events. It means a lot to me, so thank you.\\\"\\nShow gratitude for the little acts of kindness your spouse does for you every day. Even small and simple things like sharing household chores or picking up after you when you're busy or not feeling well deserve acknowledgment.\\n5-2. Choose your battles.\\nIf your spouse said or did something that seriously upset you, offended you, or threatened the stability of your marriage, you should have a serious talk about the incident. However, if your spouse says something in passing that rubs you the wrong way, it's probably not worth starting an argument over.\\nLearn to give your spouse the benefit of the doubt. For example, if you've been married for several years and your spouse has never criticized you over something before, they probably didn't mean to do so now.\\nFocus on the kind, caring things your partner says and does every day. It's probably safe to assume that those acts of kindness outweigh this one word or action that you didn't like.\\nNever criticize your spouse. You can criticize actions or words if you can do so respectfully, but tearing down your partner is not a healthy way to communicate.\\n5-3. Enjoy your time together.\\nOne way to build a stronger foundation for your relationship is to bond over shared interests. This can help remind you that your partner cares about you, which may help you give them the benefit of the doubt when an argument does pop up.\\nTake an interest in your spouse's hobbies. You can also invite your spouse to join you at something you enjoy.\\nTry taking up a new hobby together - something that you can both learn and explore together.\\n5-4. Check in from time to time.\\nIt's normal for relationships to change and evolve over time. This happens because you and your partner are changing and evolving, and you should be growing together instead of separately or apart. As this happens, you may find it comforting to check in with your spouse on the status of things.\\nAsk your spouse about any changes in goals or expectations for one another and for the relationship.\\nYou can also check in by saying something like, \\\"I'm sorry I overreacted last week. I feel like things are back to normal, but I wanted to make sure you feel like everything is okay with us after that fight we had.\\\"\\nYou may only need to check in on goals or expectations once or twice a year, though some couples may need to do this more often. You should only need to check on the status of your relationship after really big arguments.\\n5-5. Seek counseling as needed.\\nIf the level of communication between you and your spouse has deteriorated or is consistently negative, you may need the help of a marriage counselor. A marriage counselor can help you develop better communication skills and work through difficult periods in your marriage. You can find a marriage counselor in your area by searching online or asking your doctor for a recommendation.\\nNever feel embarrassed or frustrated over needing the help of a marriage counselor. Not getting professional help would likely cause your relationship to continue to deteriorate.\\nMake sure your counselor is a licensed therapist with training that specifically deals with marital therapy. You should also make sure the therapist is committed to finding real solutions, rather than just encouraging a separation.\\nIt's important to have a clear idea of what you hope to accomplish with the help of a marriage counselor. You'll need to work on the issues at home between sessions, which is where most of the healing and repair will take place.\\nBe honest and open during counseling. This should be a time and place where you and your spouse can calmly and respectfully air your grievances and find ways to work through them.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Every couple argues from time to time. It's normal, and in many ways, it's quite healthy when it actually solves problems without creating new ones. However, some people say things in the heat of the moment that they end up regretting. Others simply may not know how to communicate effectively with their partner, or may have grown up believing that arguments are supposed to be destructive instead of constructive. By avoiding harmful words during an argument and working on learning better communication skills, you and your spouse can build a stronger relationship in which you both feel understood and supported.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Hurtful Words\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify hostile remarks.\", \"描述\": \"The worst thing you can do during an argument is to use hostile remarks. These are remarks that are intended to make your partner feel embarrassed, saddened, or humiliated. During an argument, you may make these types of remarks without even realizing that they are hostile and damaging to your relationship.\\nThere are six common types of hostile remarks: character assassinations, threats of abandonment, threats of exile, invalidations, challenges, and preaching. Each weakens your partner's sense of self-esteem in its own way.\\nTalk to your spouse about these common hostile remarks and ask them to help police your speech so you can avoid saying these things. Let your spouse know that you can do the same for them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Resist character assassinations.\", \"描述\": \"Character assassinations are a type of hostile remark that involve making sweeping declarations about your spouse, usually that your spouse is irreparably bad or flawed. This may include name calling or labels such as \\\"loser.\\\" It may even be a simple character evaluation, such as, \\\"You're too much work and you're not worth it.\\\"\\nCharacter assassinations don't have to be giant, degrading slurs. Often times minor character assassinations go unnoticed or uncontested, quietly causing emotional damage.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid threats of abandonment.\", \"描述\": \"Any time you make empty threats to leave or imply that you no longer have feelings for someone, you're making a threat of abandonment. This type of hostile remark makes your partner feel worthless. You may not intend to harm your spouse's sense of self-worth, especially if you say something in the heat of an argument, but it can have a lasting impact on your relationship.\\nExamples of threats of abandonment include \\\"I'm sick of you\\\" and \\\"You're more trouble than you're worth. I'm over it.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Refrain from threats of exile.\", \"描述\": \"A threat of exile is when you threaten to kick your spouse out of your life. This may be an offhand hostile remark, like saying, \\\"I don't need you in my life anymore.\\\" It can also be a direct challenge, like saying, \\\"Get back together with your ex - you don't deserve someone like me.\\\"\\nThreats of exile weaken the stability of your relationship by conveying, whether truthfully or as an empty threat, that you don't value or care about your spouse.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Recognize invalidations.\", \"描述\": \"Every time you say something to make your spouse feel dumb, out of touch, or not worth listening to, you are invalidating them. This may be a harsh insult, like saying, \\\"You're stupid,\\\" or it may degrade the other person, like if you say, \\\"You don't know what you're talking about - you're not worth listening to.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Abstain from making challenges.\", \"描述\": \"Challenges involve asking questions or making accusations that take away your spouse's right to their feelings. Some common challenges that are posed in hostile interactions include, \\\"How can you believe that?\\\" or \\\"That's the dumbest idea I've ever heard.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Avoid preaching.\", \"描述\": \"Preaching involves making your spouse feel like a child by reprimanding them or citing some unseen authority on the subject. For example, saying something like, \\\"You're being whiny and immature\\\" or \\\"No decent person would ever say/do what you said/did\\\" would be preaching.\\nThe unspoken assumption involved in preaching is that your spouse is always wrong and you are always right. Whether you realize it or not, this is the message you are sending.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preventing Generalizations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognize generalizations.\", \"描述\": \"Generalizations often fall into \\\"you always\\\" or \\\"you never\\\" statements. These broad characterizations of your spouse are unfair and will only hurt your spouse's feelings, whether you mean to or not.\\nGeneralizations usually come up when you are exhausted with your spouse or have witnessed them say or do something more than once - hence, two occasions become \\\"You always side with your friends instead of me.\\\"\\nGeneralizations may also come up when you have not seen or heard something in a while. For example, a generalization of this type might be, \\\"You never invite me when you go to parties.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stop yourself any time you're about to generalize.\", \"描述\": \"Speak slowly during an argument, and try to refrain any time you're about to say \\\"You always do that\\\" or \\\"You never do this.\\\" For example, you might catch yourself planning to say in an argument, \\\"You always talk over me when you don't like hearing the truth.\\\" This type of statement is usually an exaggeration or completely untrue, but in the moment it may seem like a good response to your spouse.\\nTalk to your spouse about generalizations and try to help one another by policing each other's words during a fight.\\nHave a nonverbal code, like holding one hand up, that signals to your partner that they've just used a generalization or were about to. Agree that when this happens, you will both take a five minute break and return when you're both calm and relaxed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Assess the situation.\", \"描述\": \"Any time you're thinking a generalized thought in your head, it may be helpful to challenge that thought by looking at the facts. Ask yourself whether your spouse actually always or never does what you're about to accuse them of. It can help you to see this as just that - an accusation.\\nThink about all the times your spouse has broken your \\\"always/never\\\" accusation. Let yourself appreciate your spouse for all the times they've made you happy.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Reframe your argument.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've learned to recognize generalizations and you've taken a moment to cool off and collect your thoughts, you can restructure the conversation to be more productive. Instead of saying your spouse always or never does something, you can simply say something like, \\\"Earlier, when you started talking over me, it hurt my feelings and I felt like you didn't care about what I think.\\\"\\nAvoid placing blame or drawing conclusions based on limited experiences. When you reframe your argument, you should be working towards a solution to the problem, not trying to make your spouse feel bad for hurting your feelings.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Defusing a Tense Situation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Resist the urge to yell.\", \"描述\": \"Some people raise their voices during conflicts without really realizing it. Others yell deliberately in an attempt to exert power over the argument. Whatever your situation may be, yelling will only lead to hurt feelings and further problems. It will not resolve anything.\\nIf you're prone to yelling or if you catch yourself raising your voice, try switching to a softer, whispering volume.\\nWhispering forces you to use a calmer tone and makes you speak without intimidating, frightening, or angering your partner.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay focused on the present topic.\", \"描述\": \"During a heated argument, many couples tend to dredge up things from the past. This may not be deliberate, as arguments tend to make people remember other things they are frustrated about. However, bringing up one or more unrelated topics will not solve the original problem or the ones being brought up. \\nAsk your spouse to gently remind you to stay on topic if you start bringing up the past, then reciprocate as needed.\\nMake sure you never act as though your partner is the problem. Focus on the issue or their behavior that caused the problem without attacking your spouse as a person.\\nFocus on finding solutions, not placing blame. This is the best way to make an argument healthy and productive.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acknowledge your intentions in the conversation.\", \"描述\": \"If you and your partner can calmly and rationally work out a solution to a given problem, proceed with caution and remain respectful. If your intention is to hurt your partner or blame them for something they did, stop the conversation immediately. For example, if your spouse didn't invite you to a party and you felt left out, don't start an argument to make them feel bad or apologize. Start a conversation to calmly and respectfully communicate that you feel left out when you're not invited to things. If you're not sure about your intentions, ask yourself the following questions:\\nAre you starting an argument (intentionally or not) to get back at your spouse for something they did?\\nIs your goal to shame, humiliate, frustrate, or belittle your spouse?\\nIs there a reasonable solution to the problem(s) at hand? Are you working towards solving problems, or just placing blame?\\nWhat do you see as an ideal resolution? Are you actually working towards that resolution or simply starting a fight?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Understand each other's family patterns.\", \"描述\": \"You or your spouse may have grown up in a household where the parents fought constantly or said hurtful things whenever they argued. It's possible that you or your spouse may have picked up these argumentative tendencies without realizing it and without recognizing them as hostile and harmful. While this doesn't excuse this type of behavior, it does help give you context to know why you or your spouse argues that way. Once you're aware of it, you can begin to work together to change those habits to something more constructive.\\nDon't blame yourself or your partner for these tendencies, but recognize them for what they are: unhealthy and detrimental to your relationship.\\nTry to calmly (and without blame) help one another recognize these patterns in your speech. For example, you might say, \\\"I'm not trying to blame you or detract from what you're saying, but I think you might be using unhealthy ways of arguing again.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Communicating in a Healthier Way\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Treat your spouse how you want to be treated.\", \"描述\": \"During an argument, emotions can easily run away from you. You may think irrational thoughts, and you may end up saying or doing the most hurtful thing that comes to mind. However, this is tremendously unhealthy and unproductive. The best way to build a healthy channel of communication is to always treat your spouse the way you would like to be treated, even during an argument. \\nAlways speak with respect and kindness. Even in the midst of an argument, remember that your spouse wants the same courtesies as you.\\nNever say anything critical or argumentative, and resist the urge to get defensive or avoid your problems.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Express your wants and needs.\", \"描述\": \"Many arguments arise because one partner feels like the other isn't meeting their wants and needs. However, it's entirely possible that your partner doesn't know or fully understand what you want or need at that moment. Instead of forcing your spouse to play guessing games, let your partner know what you want and need, both in a given situation and in your relationship in general. Ask your partner to do the same with you.\\nNever expect your partner to know what you want in a given moment. Your partner is not a mind reader and neither are you, so use your words to calmly convey your wants and needs before it reaches a point of argument.\\nExpress your wants and needs as a request, never as a demand. Your spouse is much more likely to meet your needs if you ask politely and calmly, rather than screaming that they should or shouldn't do something.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Distinguish emotional statements from factual ones.\", \"描述\": \"Your spouse might make an emotional statement, saying (for example) that they feel like you don't spend enough time together. It's important to recognize that your spouse is not necessarily saying, \\\"We don't spend enough time together,\\\" nor is your spouse necessarily blaming you. Your spouse is simply conveying their emotions and trying to resolve what they see as a growing problem.\\nResist the urge to get defensive. Take a deep breath and break apart the actual words your partner said.\\nNotice whether or not your spouse ever actually presented the statement as a matter of fact, and whether or not your spouse placed any blame on you.\\nInstead of turning it around and blaming your spouse for their feelings, ask why your spouse feels that way and what you can do to change it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use \\\"I\\\" statements instead of \\\"you\\\" statements.\", \"描述\": \"\\\"I\\\" statements simply convey how you're feeling and why. For example, you might use an \\\"I\\\" statement to tell your spouse, \\\"I feel sad when you don't listen.\\\" By contrast, \\\"you\\\" statements place blame - for example, \\\"You never listen to me.\\\"\\nUse calm words to convey your feelings, then give concrete examples of what made you feel that way and why. Keep your examples relevant to the conversation by not bringing up past incidents.\\nFor example, you might say something like, \\\"It really hurt my feelings when you said you didn't want to put up with me anymore. I felt abandoned, and it made me feel like you don't value me or see me as your partner.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Deal with issues as they come up.\", \"描述\": \"Avoiding a topic of discussion will not make it go away. You simply end up bottling all those resentful or hurt feelings for a while, and they end up coming out explosively when you least expect it.\\nDon't put off talking about something that hurt your feelings. Wait until it's an appropriate time to talk, though - for example, wait until you get home from a party to let your spouse know you're upset about something.\\nNever act passive-aggressively towards your partner. This includes giving them the cold shoulder or avoiding them while angrily insisting that nothing is wrong.\\nDeal with the issue when it comes up by sitting down together and having a calm, rational conversation to try and arrive at a reasonable solution.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Resist the urge to say things in the moment.\", \"描述\": \"Dealing with issues when they come up does not mean saying whatever thoughts come to mind during an argument. In the heat of the moment, you may think (and end up saying) angry or even hurtful things, and if you allow yourself to vocalize those thoughts, there's no way to take them back.\\nTake a breather any time you feel like saying something hurtful. Ask your spouse to do the same.\\nLet your partner know that you need to take a conversational pause. Specify where you'll be and when you'll be ready to talk again, then meet at the agreed upon time and place.\\nUse that time to take a walk, listen to relaxing music through headphones (don't blast the stereo), or simply sit alone in a dark room and focus on your breathing.\\nWhen you're both feeling calm and refreshed, meet with your spouse and calmly discuss the issue without placing blame or getting defensive.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Work on nonverbal communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Your words can be harmful and emotionally damaging during an argument, but so can the way you say them. You may not be aware of your own nonverbal signals, but they convey a lot of information, whether you mean to or not.\\nBe aware of your posture and body language. The way you carry yourself while talking to your partner can convey a lot of emotions.\\nFacial expressions can be difficult for some people to recognize or control. If you tend to grimace or scrunch your face without realizing it, ask your spouse to politely point it out when you do it so you'll become more aware of it.\\nAvoid crossing your arms, turning away from your partner, or rolling your eyes, as all of these convey a negative or dismissive reaction to what your spouse is saying.\\nBe aware of your spouse's nonverbal signals as well. For example, if your partner's expression looks saddened by what you said, pause and put your hand reassuringly on their shoulder, then apologize and say, \\\"Let me try rephrasing that.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Negotiate without trying to win.\", \"描述\": \"A healthy argument involves some type of negotiation or compromise that solves the problem with both partners feeling fairly treated. An argument should never be about proving that your partner was \\\"wrong,\\\" as this won't actually solve the problem at all. \\nRemember that it's perfectly acceptable for you and your partner to agree to disagree. Instead of trying to convince one another that you're \\\"right,\\\" just acknowledge your different opinions, let it go, and move on.\\nYou should never enter an argument hoping to prove your spouse wrong or prove yourself right. There's never a winner or loser in an argument - instead, you should think of solving the argument as a win for your relationship that benefits both of you.\\nFor example, if you argued because your spouse said hurtful things about you being late, ask your spouse to avoid saying those types of comments, then promise your spouse that you'll work on managing your time and leaving earlier in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Apologize for hurt feelings.\", \"描述\": \"It's important to apologize any time you or your partner hurt one another's feelings, whether it was intentional or not. Some couples may try to adopt a \\\"don't talk about it after we argue\\\" approach, but this can leave one or both of you feeling hurt.\\nAcknowledge that what you said or did was hurtful.\\nDon't give a fake apology, like saying \\\"I'm sorry you felt that way.\\\" Instead, offer a sincere, heartfelt apology, such as \\\"I'm sorry I said that, dear. I got carried away and I know it was wrong, and I just feel awful that I made you sad.\\\"\\nIf your spouse said something hurtful to you, politely ask them to apologize as well.\\nYou might consider having a conversation with your spouse about your expectations for how and when you should each apologize to one another after a fight.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Building a Stronger, More Supportive Relationship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Share positive, loving feelings.\", \"描述\": \"A healthy relationship requires healthy communication. If you're only really communicating when you argue, you're not building a strong foundation for your relationship. \\nTell your spouse that you love them and care about them. You don't need any special occasion to do this - you can do it every day if you're comfortable doing so.\\nLet your partner know when they've done something that makes you happy and thank them for it. For example, you might say, \\\"I really appreciate the way you've been inviting me to more social events. It means a lot to me, so thank you.\\\"\\nShow gratitude for the little acts of kindness your spouse does for you every day. Even small and simple things like sharing household chores or picking up after you when you're busy or not feeling well deserve acknowledgment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose your battles.\", \"描述\": \"If your spouse said or did something that seriously upset you, offended you, or threatened the stability of your marriage, you should have a serious talk about the incident. However, if your spouse says something in passing that rubs you the wrong way, it's probably not worth starting an argument over.\\nLearn to give your spouse the benefit of the doubt. For example, if you've been married for several years and your spouse has never criticized you over something before, they probably didn't mean to do so now.\\nFocus on the kind, caring things your partner says and does every day. It's probably safe to assume that those acts of kindness outweigh this one word or action that you didn't like.\\nNever criticize your spouse. You can criticize actions or words if you can do so respectfully, but tearing down your partner is not a healthy way to communicate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enjoy your time together.\", \"描述\": \"One way to build a stronger foundation for your relationship is to bond over shared interests. This can help remind you that your partner cares about you, which may help you give them the benefit of the doubt when an argument does pop up.\\nTake an interest in your spouse's hobbies. You can also invite your spouse to join you at something you enjoy.\\nTry taking up a new hobby together - something that you can both learn and explore together.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check in from time to time.\", \"描述\": \"It's normal for relationships to change and evolve over time. This happens because you and your partner are changing and evolving, and you should be growing together instead of separately or apart. As this happens, you may find it comforting to check in with your spouse on the status of things.\\nAsk your spouse about any changes in goals or expectations for one another and for the relationship.\\nYou can also check in by saying something like, \\\"I'm sorry I overreacted last week. I feel like things are back to normal, but I wanted to make sure you feel like everything is okay with us after that fight we had.\\\"\\nYou may only need to check in on goals or expectations once or twice a year, though some couples may need to do this more often. You should only need to check on the status of your relationship after really big arguments.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Seek counseling as needed.\", \"描述\": \"If the level of communication between you and your spouse has deteriorated or is consistently negative, you may need the help of a marriage counselor. A marriage counselor can help you develop better communication skills and work through difficult periods in your marriage. You can find a marriage counselor in your area by searching online or asking your doctor for a recommendation.\\nNever feel embarrassed or frustrated over needing the help of a marriage counselor. Not getting professional help would likely cause your relationship to continue to deteriorate.\\nMake sure your counselor is a licensed therapist with training that specifically deals with marital therapy. You should also make sure the therapist is committed to finding real solutions, rather than just encouraging a separation.\\nIt's important to have a clear idea of what you hope to accomplish with the help of a marriage counselor. You'll need to work on the issues at home between sessions, which is where most of the healing and repair will take place.\\nBe honest and open during counseling. This should be a time and place where you and your spouse can calmly and respectfully air your grievances and find ways to work through them.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,177 | How to Avoid Scams | 1. Identifying Scams
1-1. Examine common practices.
A majority of scams follow similar types of fact patterns. This occurs because scammers know what works and what doesn't, and they try to scam you by doing what works best. First, scammers will use fear to try and get you to do something. For example, some scammers might say that a relative has been arrested and needs money. Second, scammers will try to rush you to make a decision quickly. The longer you think about what is happening, the more likely it is that you will not become a victim.
1-2. Identify popular scams involving money.
Just as scammers use common practices like fear and panic, they will also use the same scams over and over again. If you can learn what types of common scams are out there, it will be easier to identify them and avoid them. Scams can take place online, over the phone, through the mail, and even in person. The most common scams include:
Advance fee scams, which occur when people tell you that you have won a lottery, or that you can invest in something, and all you have to do is pay a small fee upfront.
Charity scams, which occur when people tell you they are collecting money for some charitable cause. In reality, once you make a "donation," the scammers keep the money for themselves.
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) scams, which occur when people tell you that you owe money in taxes or that they need your personal information to make sure your taxes were filed properly. These people try to get money as well as personal information in order to steal your identity.
Phantom debt scams, which occur when people contact you pretending to be debt collectors. They will threaten you and tell you that you owe money that you do not really owe.
1-3. Recognize possible phishing scams.
Phishing scams occur when individuals contact you claiming there is a problem with some account you might have (e.g., credit card accounts and loan accounts). They will tell you they can fix the problem, but they need to verify your personal information. Once they have your personal information, they use it to steal your identity.
1-4. Get scam alerts.
One of the best ways to keep up-to-date on recent scam schemes is to get government alerts. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) offers an alert that is sent to your email periodically. The alert will give you tips and advice on how to avoid scams. If you want to sign up, you can do so through the FTC's website.
2. Avoiding Scams
2-1. Keep your personal information to yourself.
Because some of the most common scams attempt to gain access to your personal information, one of the easiest ways to avoid scams is to protect that personal information. Keep passwords, account numbers, and sensitive paperwork in a safe place. Do not keep this information on your phone where it can be found.
In addition, do not leave your mail somewhere where scammers might be able to get ahold of it. If you can, have your mail deposited directly into your home, as opposed to a mailbox. If you have a mailbox, take your mail out as soon as possible.
If you get a solicitation asking you for your personal information, never willingly give it out. Take extra steps to ensure the solicitation is legitimate before you move forward.
2-2. Conduct online searches.
When you get mailings that ask for money or information, follow-up and do some research about the company or person asking for the information. Never assume a solicitation is legitimate. Try doing the following, which should help you avoid scams:
Type the company's or product's name into an online search. Use words like "complaint," "review," or "scam."
Search using phrases and sentences that describe your situation. For example, if you got a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS, search for, "IRS call asking for Social Security Number."
Look up the phone number that was used to call you. When you type the number into an internet search engine, some of the top results will usually tell you whether that number has been used for scams before.
2-3. Call people back using genuine phone numbers.
In today's world, it is easy for scammers to manipulate caller IDs and phone numbers. Therefore, you should never trust the name and number as it shows up on your phone. If you get a phone call from someone, ask them for their name and the company they work for, so you can call them back. Once you get off the phone, look up that company's information online and only call back legitimate numbers found on reputable websites.
For example, assume you get a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS and they need some personal information. Instead of giving it to them right away, hang up the phone. Go online to the IRS's official website and find the customer service phone number. Call that number back and ask whether anyone would have called you asking for personal information.
2-4. Avoid paying any money upfront.
A lot of scammers will request money in exchange for a promise to send you more in return. Scammers will usually tell you that you have won a prize and that you need to pay taxes or fees in order to collect the prize. They might also ask you to pay in advance for a job, debt relief, or for loan assistance.
However, you should never pay any money upfront. Check the legitimacy of these programs and solicitations before giving anyone anything. In general, once you give these individuals money, you will not receive the service or product you were promised.
2-5. Think about the payment method being requested.
Scammers will request money from specific sources in order to avoid detection. Most scammers will request cash, money wires (e.g., Western Union), or prepaid credit cards (e.g., Vanilla). These payment methods are difficult to track and nearly impossible to reverse. No legitimate company will ask you to pay using these methods.
Most legitimate companies will ask you to pay using credit cards and personal checks. These payment options offer built in fraud protection and give you the ability to cancel charges and withhold money.
2-6. Consult people you trust.
Before you give out your personal information or money, talk to someone you trust about what is going on. This could be friends, family, or professionals (e.g., a lawyer, a bank employee, or a government employee). Tell them about the solicitation and ask whether they have seen anything similar before.
Remember, scammers want you to move quickly without thinking. By stopping and talking to someone else, you are giving yourself a chance to avoid the scam.
2-7. Read cancellation policies.
A lot of free trials will automatically turn into large monthly charges, and some trials will not even allow you to cancel for a certain period of time. Before you accept a free trial for things like television channels, weight loss supplements, or anything else, make sure you look over the company's cancellation policy.
A lot of companies will allow you to cancel at any time. However, these companies might continue to charge you until you dispute the charges with your bank.
In addition, a lot of companies will only give you the free trial if you agree to purchase more of the product or service at the end of the trial.
If you accepted a free trial of something, make sure you cancel in a timely manner and check your bank accounts regularly for suspicious charges.
2-8. Avoid depositing checks from people you don't know.
A lot of scammers will offer you a large amount of money by check if you send a smaller amount of money in cash or through a wire. However, the check you receive will usually be fake. While a bank may accept the check upfront, it will always be uncovered as fake at some point. When that time comes, it will be your responsibility to repay the bank.
Therefore, never accept a check from someone you don't know without first checking it out.
3. Gathering Scam Information
3-1. Keep suspicious solicitations.
If you gave out your personal information or gave a scammer money, you will want to report the scam to the proper authorities. When you contact various reporting agencies, they will want to look over any evidence you have regarding the scam. Therefore, if you received any suspicious mailings, got any voicemails, or were handed any paperwork in person, keep it.
This information will help identify the source of the scam and what they are attempting to do.
3-2. Take detailed notes.
In addition to keeping documents you received, you will also want to take your own notes of what is happening. These notes will help you remember details when it comes time to report, and it will help you describe the scam accurately. For example, if you contacted someone regarding the scam, write down who you contacted, what you talked about, how long the conversation was, and what the outcome of that conversation was. If someone called you asking for money or personal information, write down the number they called from, who they said they were, and what they asked for.
3-3. Ask for help.
If you have friends or family who witnessed the scam take place, or who have seen the emails or other solicitations, ask them to write a brief statement about what they saw. These statements can help back up your story and provide additional information that you may have missed. Additionally, if you know others who were victims of the same scam you were, ask them to report the scam with you. The more people you can get to join you, the more seriously your complaints will be taken.
4. Reporting Scams Locally
4-1. Call your local police department.
If you have been scammed and you gave out personal information or money, the first thing you need to do is contact your local police department. The police department will be able to do the most for you personally, because they will investigate if a crime occurred and attempt to get your money back.
When you contact the police, they will want as many details as possible to help them investigate the scam. Provide them with your notes and any documents you received throughout the scam's life.
4-2. File a report with the Better Business Bureau (BBB).
The BBB is a resource that consumers use to look up common scams and scams that have happened recently. When you file a report with the BBB Scam Tracker, you will not receive an individual response. The Scam Tracker allows you to tell your story, so others might be able to avoid the trap you fell into. To file a Scam Tracker Report, visit the BBB's Scam Tracker website. They will ask you for the following information:
Information about the scammer (e.g., the business's name, the person's name, their phone number, their website)
Information about the scam (e.g., how you were contacted, what was being asked for, what did they say happened, whether you lost money)
Your personal information (e.g., your age, where you live, your name)
Attachments of things you received from the scammer
4-3. Use word of mouth.
Email or call your friends and tell them what happened to you. In doing so, you can help others avoid scams and possibly find people who received the same scam information as you did. As word spreads, you might get information about who is responsible, what others did to report the fraud, and what could possibly be done as a group to help catch who is responsible.
5. Reporting Scams to Federal Agencies
5-1. Track down the proper agency to contact.
While most agencies will not be able to help you individually, any information you provide in a complaint is used to track scammers and take action against them. The agency you contact will depend on the scam you were a victim of. Some examples of common scams and who you would contact to report them include:
Most types of fraud - contact the FTC.
Mail fraud - contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service.
Identity theft - contact the FTC.
Bank fraud - contact the Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force.
5-2. Visit the proper government agency's website.
Using the information you found while tracking down possible government contacts, you need to visit the agency's website and determine how a complaint can be filed and what information you will need to provide. For example, if you want to file a complaint for most general types of fraud (e.g., a lottery scam or a gift scam), you would visit the FTC's Complaint Assistant website. From there you can read about the types of scams they cover, how you can report a scam, and how your complaint will be handled.
Use this information to determine how you want to proceed and file your complaint.
5-3. File an online complaint.
Most agencies will allow you to file a complaint quickly and easily online. Each agency will proceed differently, and each agency will ask for different information. Follow the directions on each website to successfully submit your complaint. For example, if you use the FTC's Complaint Assistant, you can file a scam complaint by doing the following:
Selecting a category of scam, you were the victim of (e.g., identity theft, scams and rip-offs, credit and debt)
Clicking a sub-category of scam (e.g., counterfeit checks, imposter scams, prizes and lottery scams, romance scams)
Telling the FTC how you were contacted (e.g., over the phone, in person, through the mail)
Detailing the scam (e.g., how much were you asked to pay, how much did you pay, how did you pay, how did you respond to contacts, did you try to contact the scammers)
Providing information about the company or person that scammed you (e.g., their name, address, phone number)
Giving the FTC your information so you can be contacted if the FTC wants more information
5-4. Call to report the fraud.
A lot of agencies will allow you to report a scam over the phone if you do not have regular access to the internet. You can find the agency's phone number online or by asking someone with access to the internet. For example, if you need to report mail fraud, you can contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service at 1-877-876-2455. Once prompted, you can press "4" to report the fraud.
When you file a complaint over the phone, you will give the agency information very similar to that you would give them using the internet.
5-5. Mail in a complaint.
If you prefer sending a hard copy through the mail, most agencies will offer it as an option. This could be useful when you have documents and solicitations that you would like the agency to have. For example, if you want to file a complaint with the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, you can mail a letter that contains information similar to that you would provide online. In addition, if you have other documents, make sure you attach them to your letter.
You will then be able to mail the complaint to the address provided, which for the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, is the "Criminal Investigations Service Center, Attn: Mail Fraud, 222 S. Riverside Plz, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL, 60606-6100."
Tips
During the Coronavirus outbreak, you may face different types of scam, like those claiming to offer cures for the virus. Try to avoid such scams and stay safe.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:49:25",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Identifying Scams\\n1-1. Examine common practices.\\nA majority of scams follow similar types of fact patterns. This occurs because scammers know what works and what doesn't, and they try to scam you by doing what works best. First, scammers will use fear to try and get you to do something. For example, some scammers might say that a relative has been arrested and needs money. Second, scammers will try to rush you to make a decision quickly. The longer you think about what is happening, the more likely it is that you will not become a victim.\\n1-2. Identify popular scams involving money.\\nJust as scammers use common practices like fear and panic, they will also use the same scams over and over again. If you can learn what types of common scams are out there, it will be easier to identify them and avoid them. Scams can take place online, over the phone, through the mail, and even in person. The most common scams include:\\nAdvance fee scams, which occur when people tell you that you have won a lottery, or that you can invest in something, and all you have to do is pay a small fee upfront.\\nCharity scams, which occur when people tell you they are collecting money for some charitable cause. In reality, once you make a \\\"donation,\\\" the scammers keep the money for themselves.\\nInternal Revenue Service (IRS) scams, which occur when people tell you that you owe money in taxes or that they need your personal information to make sure your taxes were filed properly. These people try to get money as well as personal information in order to steal your identity.\\nPhantom debt scams, which occur when people contact you pretending to be debt collectors. They will threaten you and tell you that you owe money that you do not really owe.\\n1-3. Recognize possible phishing scams.\\nPhishing scams occur when individuals contact you claiming there is a problem with some account you might have (e.g., credit card accounts and loan accounts). They will tell you they can fix the problem, but they need to verify your personal information. Once they have your personal information, they use it to steal your identity.\\n1-4. Get scam alerts.\\nOne of the best ways to keep up-to-date on recent scam schemes is to get government alerts. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) offers an alert that is sent to your email periodically. The alert will give you tips and advice on how to avoid scams. If you want to sign up, you can do so through the FTC's website.\\n2. Avoiding Scams\\n2-1. Keep your personal information to yourself.\\nBecause some of the most common scams attempt to gain access to your personal information, one of the easiest ways to avoid scams is to protect that personal information. Keep passwords, account numbers, and sensitive paperwork in a safe place. Do not keep this information on your phone where it can be found.\\nIn addition, do not leave your mail somewhere where scammers might be able to get ahold of it. If you can, have your mail deposited directly into your home, as opposed to a mailbox. If you have a mailbox, take your mail out as soon as possible.\\nIf you get a solicitation asking you for your personal information, never willingly give it out. Take extra steps to ensure the solicitation is legitimate before you move forward.\\n2-2. Conduct online searches.\\nWhen you get mailings that ask for money or information, follow-up and do some research about the company or person asking for the information. Never assume a solicitation is legitimate. Try doing the following, which should help you avoid scams:\\nType the company's or product's name into an online search. Use words like \\\"complaint,\\\" \\\"review,\\\" or \\\"scam.\\\"\\nSearch using phrases and sentences that describe your situation. For example, if you got a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS, search for, \\\"IRS call asking for Social Security Number.\\\"\\nLook up the phone number that was used to call you. When you type the number into an internet search engine, some of the top results will usually tell you whether that number has been used for scams before.\\n2-3. Call people back using genuine phone numbers.\\nIn today's world, it is easy for scammers to manipulate caller IDs and phone numbers. Therefore, you should never trust the name and number as it shows up on your phone. If you get a phone call from someone, ask them for their name and the company they work for, so you can call them back. Once you get off the phone, look up that company's information online and only call back legitimate numbers found on reputable websites.\\nFor example, assume you get a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS and they need some personal information. Instead of giving it to them right away, hang up the phone. Go online to the IRS's official website and find the customer service phone number. Call that number back and ask whether anyone would have called you asking for personal information.\\n2-4. Avoid paying any money upfront.\\nA lot of scammers will request money in exchange for a promise to send you more in return. Scammers will usually tell you that you have won a prize and that you need to pay taxes or fees in order to collect the prize. They might also ask you to pay in advance for a job, debt relief, or for loan assistance.\\nHowever, you should never pay any money upfront. Check the legitimacy of these programs and solicitations before giving anyone anything. In general, once you give these individuals money, you will not receive the service or product you were promised.\\n2-5. Think about the payment method being requested.\\nScammers will request money from specific sources in order to avoid detection. Most scammers will request cash, money wires (e.g., Western Union), or prepaid credit cards (e.g., Vanilla). These payment methods are difficult to track and nearly impossible to reverse. No legitimate company will ask you to pay using these methods.\\nMost legitimate companies will ask you to pay using credit cards and personal checks. These payment options offer built in fraud protection and give you the ability to cancel charges and withhold money.\\n2-6. Consult people you trust.\\nBefore you give out your personal information or money, talk to someone you trust about what is going on. This could be friends, family, or professionals (e.g., a lawyer, a bank employee, or a government employee). Tell them about the solicitation and ask whether they have seen anything similar before.\\nRemember, scammers want you to move quickly without thinking. By stopping and talking to someone else, you are giving yourself a chance to avoid the scam.\\n2-7. Read cancellation policies.\\nA lot of free trials will automatically turn into large monthly charges, and some trials will not even allow you to cancel for a certain period of time. Before you accept a free trial for things like television channels, weight loss supplements, or anything else, make sure you look over the company's cancellation policy.\\nA lot of companies will allow you to cancel at any time. However, these companies might continue to charge you until you dispute the charges with your bank.\\nIn addition, a lot of companies will only give you the free trial if you agree to purchase more of the product or service at the end of the trial.\\nIf you accepted a free trial of something, make sure you cancel in a timely manner and check your bank accounts regularly for suspicious charges.\\n2-8. Avoid depositing checks from people you don't know.\\nA lot of scammers will offer you a large amount of money by check if you send a smaller amount of money in cash or through a wire. However, the check you receive will usually be fake. While a bank may accept the check upfront, it will always be uncovered as fake at some point. When that time comes, it will be your responsibility to repay the bank.\\nTherefore, never accept a check from someone you don't know without first checking it out.\\n3. Gathering Scam Information\\n3-1. Keep suspicious solicitations.\\nIf you gave out your personal information or gave a scammer money, you will want to report the scam to the proper authorities. When you contact various reporting agencies, they will want to look over any evidence you have regarding the scam. Therefore, if you received any suspicious mailings, got any voicemails, or were handed any paperwork in person, keep it.\\nThis information will help identify the source of the scam and what they are attempting to do.\\n3-2. Take detailed notes.\\nIn addition to keeping documents you received, you will also want to take your own notes of what is happening. These notes will help you remember details when it comes time to report, and it will help you describe the scam accurately. For example, if you contacted someone regarding the scam, write down who you contacted, what you talked about, how long the conversation was, and what the outcome of that conversation was. If someone called you asking for money or personal information, write down the number they called from, who they said they were, and what they asked for.\\n3-3. Ask for help.\\nIf you have friends or family who witnessed the scam take place, or who have seen the emails or other solicitations, ask them to write a brief statement about what they saw. These statements can help back up your story and provide additional information that you may have missed. Additionally, if you know others who were victims of the same scam you were, ask them to report the scam with you. The more people you can get to join you, the more seriously your complaints will be taken.\\n4. Reporting Scams Locally\\n4-1. Call your local police department.\\nIf you have been scammed and you gave out personal information or money, the first thing you need to do is contact your local police department. The police department will be able to do the most for you personally, because they will investigate if a crime occurred and attempt to get your money back.\\nWhen you contact the police, they will want as many details as possible to help them investigate the scam. Provide them with your notes and any documents you received throughout the scam's life.\\n4-2. File a report with the Better Business Bureau (BBB).\\nThe BBB is a resource that consumers use to look up common scams and scams that have happened recently. When you file a report with the BBB Scam Tracker, you will not receive an individual response. The Scam Tracker allows you to tell your story, so others might be able to avoid the trap you fell into. To file a Scam Tracker Report, visit the BBB's Scam Tracker website. They will ask you for the following information:\\nInformation about the scammer (e.g., the business's name, the person's name, their phone number, their website)\\nInformation about the scam (e.g., how you were contacted, what was being asked for, what did they say happened, whether you lost money)\\nYour personal information (e.g., your age, where you live, your name)\\nAttachments of things you received from the scammer\\n4-3. Use word of mouth.\\nEmail or call your friends and tell them what happened to you. In doing so, you can help others avoid scams and possibly find people who received the same scam information as you did. As word spreads, you might get information about who is responsible, what others did to report the fraud, and what could possibly be done as a group to help catch who is responsible.\\n5. Reporting Scams to Federal Agencies\\n5-1. Track down the proper agency to contact.\\nWhile most agencies will not be able to help you individually, any information you provide in a complaint is used to track scammers and take action against them. The agency you contact will depend on the scam you were a victim of. Some examples of common scams and who you would contact to report them include:\\nMost types of fraud - contact the FTC.\\n\\nMail fraud - contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service.\\nIdentity theft - contact the FTC.\\nBank fraud - contact the Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force.\\n5-2. Visit the proper government agency's website.\\nUsing the information you found while tracking down possible government contacts, you need to visit the agency's website and determine how a complaint can be filed and what information you will need to provide. For example, if you want to file a complaint for most general types of fraud (e.g., a lottery scam or a gift scam), you would visit the FTC's Complaint Assistant website. From there you can read about the types of scams they cover, how you can report a scam, and how your complaint will be handled.\\nUse this information to determine how you want to proceed and file your complaint.\\n5-3. File an online complaint.\\nMost agencies will allow you to file a complaint quickly and easily online. Each agency will proceed differently, and each agency will ask for different information. Follow the directions on each website to successfully submit your complaint. For example, if you use the FTC's Complaint Assistant, you can file a scam complaint by doing the following:\\nSelecting a category of scam, you were the victim of (e.g., identity theft, scams and rip-offs, credit and debt)\\nClicking a sub-category of scam (e.g., counterfeit checks, imposter scams, prizes and lottery scams, romance scams)\\nTelling the FTC how you were contacted (e.g., over the phone, in person, through the mail)\\nDetailing the scam (e.g., how much were you asked to pay, how much did you pay, how did you pay, how did you respond to contacts, did you try to contact the scammers)\\nProviding information about the company or person that scammed you (e.g., their name, address, phone number)\\nGiving the FTC your information so you can be contacted if the FTC wants more information\\n5-4. Call to report the fraud.\\nA lot of agencies will allow you to report a scam over the phone if you do not have regular access to the internet. You can find the agency's phone number online or by asking someone with access to the internet. For example, if you need to report mail fraud, you can contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service at 1-877-876-2455. Once prompted, you can press \\\"4\\\" to report the fraud.\\nWhen you file a complaint over the phone, you will give the agency information very similar to that you would give them using the internet.\\n5-5. Mail in a complaint.\\nIf you prefer sending a hard copy through the mail, most agencies will offer it as an option. This could be useful when you have documents and solicitations that you would like the agency to have. For example, if you want to file a complaint with the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, you can mail a letter that contains information similar to that you would provide online. In addition, if you have other documents, make sure you attach them to your letter.\\nYou will then be able to mail the complaint to the address provided, which for the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, is the \\\"Criminal Investigations Service Center, Attn: Mail Fraud, 222 S. Riverside Plz, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL, 60606-6100.\\\"\\nTips\\nDuring the Coronavirus outbreak, you may face different types of scam, like those claiming to offer cures for the virus. Try to avoid such scams and stay safe.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Scams occur regularly when someone tries to gain access to your personal information or get money from you. Scammers will use certain tools to try and trick you, and they often do so through the mail, online, in person, or over the phone. There are a number of things you can do to avoid scams and keep your money and personal information safe. However, if you do fall victim to a scam, you can report it to various agencies and companies.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identifying Scams\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Examine common practices.\", \"描述\": \"A majority of scams follow similar types of fact patterns. This occurs because scammers know what works and what doesn't, and they try to scam you by doing what works best. First, scammers will use fear to try and get you to do something. For example, some scammers might say that a relative has been arrested and needs money. Second, scammers will try to rush you to make a decision quickly. The longer you think about what is happening, the more likely it is that you will not become a victim.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Identify popular scams involving money.\", \"描述\": \"Just as scammers use common practices like fear and panic, they will also use the same scams over and over again. If you can learn what types of common scams are out there, it will be easier to identify them and avoid them. Scams can take place online, over the phone, through the mail, and even in person. The most common scams include:\\nAdvance fee scams, which occur when people tell you that you have won a lottery, or that you can invest in something, and all you have to do is pay a small fee upfront.\\nCharity scams, which occur when people tell you they are collecting money for some charitable cause. In reality, once you make a \\\"donation,\\\" the scammers keep the money for themselves.\\nInternal Revenue Service (IRS) scams, which occur when people tell you that you owe money in taxes or that they need your personal information to make sure your taxes were filed properly. These people try to get money as well as personal information in order to steal your identity.\\nPhantom debt scams, which occur when people contact you pretending to be debt collectors. They will threaten you and tell you that you owe money that you do not really owe.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Recognize possible phishing scams.\", \"描述\": \"Phishing scams occur when individuals contact you claiming there is a problem with some account you might have (e.g., credit card accounts and loan accounts). They will tell you they can fix the problem, but they need to verify your personal information. Once they have your personal information, they use it to steal your identity.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get scam alerts.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best ways to keep up-to-date on recent scam schemes is to get government alerts. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) offers an alert that is sent to your email periodically. The alert will give you tips and advice on how to avoid scams. If you want to sign up, you can do so through the FTC's website.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Scams\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep your personal information to yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Because some of the most common scams attempt to gain access to your personal information, one of the easiest ways to avoid scams is to protect that personal information. Keep passwords, account numbers, and sensitive paperwork in a safe place. Do not keep this information on your phone where it can be found.\\nIn addition, do not leave your mail somewhere where scammers might be able to get ahold of it. If you can, have your mail deposited directly into your home, as opposed to a mailbox. If you have a mailbox, take your mail out as soon as possible.\\nIf you get a solicitation asking you for your personal information, never willingly give it out. Take extra steps to ensure the solicitation is legitimate before you move forward.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Conduct online searches.\", \"描述\": \"When you get mailings that ask for money or information, follow-up and do some research about the company or person asking for the information. Never assume a solicitation is legitimate. Try doing the following, which should help you avoid scams:\\nType the company's or product's name into an online search. Use words like \\\"complaint,\\\" \\\"review,\\\" or \\\"scam.\\\"\\nSearch using phrases and sentences that describe your situation. For example, if you got a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS, search for, \\\"IRS call asking for Social Security Number.\\\"\\nLook up the phone number that was used to call you. When you type the number into an internet search engine, some of the top results will usually tell you whether that number has been used for scams before.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Call people back using genuine phone numbers.\", \"描述\": \"In today's world, it is easy for scammers to manipulate caller IDs and phone numbers. Therefore, you should never trust the name and number as it shows up on your phone. If you get a phone call from someone, ask them for their name and the company they work for, so you can call them back. Once you get off the phone, look up that company's information online and only call back legitimate numbers found on reputable websites.\\nFor example, assume you get a call from someone claiming to be from the IRS and they need some personal information. Instead of giving it to them right away, hang up the phone. Go online to the IRS's official website and find the customer service phone number. Call that number back and ask whether anyone would have called you asking for personal information.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid paying any money upfront.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of scammers will request money in exchange for a promise to send you more in return. Scammers will usually tell you that you have won a prize and that you need to pay taxes or fees in order to collect the prize. They might also ask you to pay in advance for a job, debt relief, or for loan assistance.\\nHowever, you should never pay any money upfront. Check the legitimacy of these programs and solicitations before giving anyone anything. In general, once you give these individuals money, you will not receive the service or product you were promised.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Think about the payment method being requested.\", \"描述\": \"Scammers will request money from specific sources in order to avoid detection. Most scammers will request cash, money wires (e.g., Western Union), or prepaid credit cards (e.g., Vanilla). These payment methods are difficult to track and nearly impossible to reverse. No legitimate company will ask you to pay using these methods.\\nMost legitimate companies will ask you to pay using credit cards and personal checks. These payment options offer built in fraud protection and give you the ability to cancel charges and withhold money.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Consult people you trust.\", \"描述\": \"Before you give out your personal information or money, talk to someone you trust about what is going on. This could be friends, family, or professionals (e.g., a lawyer, a bank employee, or a government employee). Tell them about the solicitation and ask whether they have seen anything similar before.\\nRemember, scammers want you to move quickly without thinking. By stopping and talking to someone else, you are giving yourself a chance to avoid the scam.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Read cancellation policies.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of free trials will automatically turn into large monthly charges, and some trials will not even allow you to cancel for a certain period of time. Before you accept a free trial for things like television channels, weight loss supplements, or anything else, make sure you look over the company's cancellation policy.\\nA lot of companies will allow you to cancel at any time. However, these companies might continue to charge you until you dispute the charges with your bank.\\nIn addition, a lot of companies will only give you the free trial if you agree to purchase more of the product or service at the end of the trial.\\nIf you accepted a free trial of something, make sure you cancel in a timely manner and check your bank accounts regularly for suspicious charges.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Avoid depositing checks from people you don't know.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of scammers will offer you a large amount of money by check if you send a smaller amount of money in cash or through a wire. However, the check you receive will usually be fake. While a bank may accept the check upfront, it will always be uncovered as fake at some point. When that time comes, it will be your responsibility to repay the bank.\\nTherefore, never accept a check from someone you don't know without first checking it out.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gathering Scam Information\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep suspicious solicitations.\", \"描述\": \"If you gave out your personal information or gave a scammer money, you will want to report the scam to the proper authorities. When you contact various reporting agencies, they will want to look over any evidence you have regarding the scam. Therefore, if you received any suspicious mailings, got any voicemails, or were handed any paperwork in person, keep it.\\nThis information will help identify the source of the scam and what they are attempting to do.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take detailed notes.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to keeping documents you received, you will also want to take your own notes of what is happening. These notes will help you remember details when it comes time to report, and it will help you describe the scam accurately. For example, if you contacted someone regarding the scam, write down who you contacted, what you talked about, how long the conversation was, and what the outcome of that conversation was. If someone called you asking for money or personal information, write down the number they called from, who they said they were, and what they asked for.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask for help.\", \"描述\": \"If you have friends or family who witnessed the scam take place, or who have seen the emails or other solicitations, ask them to write a brief statement about what they saw. These statements can help back up your story and provide additional information that you may have missed. Additionally, if you know others who were victims of the same scam you were, ask them to report the scam with you. The more people you can get to join you, the more seriously your complaints will be taken.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Reporting Scams Locally\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call your local police department.\", \"描述\": \"If you have been scammed and you gave out personal information or money, the first thing you need to do is contact your local police department. The police department will be able to do the most for you personally, because they will investigate if a crime occurred and attempt to get your money back.\\nWhen you contact the police, they will want as many details as possible to help them investigate the scam. Provide them with your notes and any documents you received throughout the scam's life.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"File a report with the Better Business Bureau (BBB).\", \"描述\": \"The BBB is a resource that consumers use to look up common scams and scams that have happened recently. When you file a report with the BBB Scam Tracker, you will not receive an individual response. The Scam Tracker allows you to tell your story, so others might be able to avoid the trap you fell into. To file a Scam Tracker Report, visit the BBB's Scam Tracker website. They will ask you for the following information:\\nInformation about the scammer (e.g., the business's name, the person's name, their phone number, their website)\\nInformation about the scam (e.g., how you were contacted, what was being asked for, what did they say happened, whether you lost money)\\nYour personal information (e.g., your age, where you live, your name)\\nAttachments of things you received from the scammer\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use word of mouth.\", \"描述\": \"Email or call your friends and tell them what happened to you. In doing so, you can help others avoid scams and possibly find people who received the same scam information as you did. As word spreads, you might get information about who is responsible, what others did to report the fraud, and what could possibly be done as a group to help catch who is responsible.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Reporting Scams to Federal Agencies\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Track down the proper agency to contact.\", \"描述\": \"While most agencies will not be able to help you individually, any information you provide in a complaint is used to track scammers and take action against them. The agency you contact will depend on the scam you were a victim of. Some examples of common scams and who you would contact to report them include:\\nMost types of fraud - contact the FTC.\\n\\nMail fraud - contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service.\\nIdentity theft - contact the FTC.\\nBank fraud - contact the Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Visit the proper government agency's website.\", \"描述\": \"Using the information you found while tracking down possible government contacts, you need to visit the agency's website and determine how a complaint can be filed and what information you will need to provide. For example, if you want to file a complaint for most general types of fraud (e.g., a lottery scam or a gift scam), you would visit the FTC's Complaint Assistant website. From there you can read about the types of scams they cover, how you can report a scam, and how your complaint will be handled.\\nUse this information to determine how you want to proceed and file your complaint.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"File an online complaint.\", \"描述\": \"Most agencies will allow you to file a complaint quickly and easily online. Each agency will proceed differently, and each agency will ask for different information. Follow the directions on each website to successfully submit your complaint. For example, if you use the FTC's Complaint Assistant, you can file a scam complaint by doing the following:\\nSelecting a category of scam, you were the victim of (e.g., identity theft, scams and rip-offs, credit and debt)\\nClicking a sub-category of scam (e.g., counterfeit checks, imposter scams, prizes and lottery scams, romance scams)\\nTelling the FTC how you were contacted (e.g., over the phone, in person, through the mail)\\nDetailing the scam (e.g., how much were you asked to pay, how much did you pay, how did you pay, how did you respond to contacts, did you try to contact the scammers)\\nProviding information about the company or person that scammed you (e.g., their name, address, phone number)\\nGiving the FTC your information so you can be contacted if the FTC wants more information\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Call to report the fraud.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of agencies will allow you to report a scam over the phone if you do not have regular access to the internet. You can find the agency's phone number online or by asking someone with access to the internet. For example, if you need to report mail fraud, you can contact the U.S. Postal Inspection Service at 1-877-876-2455. Once prompted, you can press \\\"4\\\" to report the fraud.\\nWhen you file a complaint over the phone, you will give the agency information very similar to that you would give them using the internet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Mail in a complaint.\", \"描述\": \"If you prefer sending a hard copy through the mail, most agencies will offer it as an option. This could be useful when you have documents and solicitations that you would like the agency to have. For example, if you want to file a complaint with the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, you can mail a letter that contains information similar to that you would provide online. In addition, if you have other documents, make sure you attach them to your letter.\\nYou will then be able to mail the complaint to the address provided, which for the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, is the \\\"Criminal Investigations Service Center, Attn: Mail Fraud, 222 S. Riverside Plz, Suite 1250, Chicago, IL, 60606-6100.\\\"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"During the Coronavirus outbreak, you may face different types of scam, like those claiming to offer cures for the virus. Try to avoid such scams and stay safe.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,178 | How to Avoid Scams on Craigslist | 1. Spotting suspicious sales
1-1. Prioritize posts with pictures over text-only posts.
If you are interested in a non-image post or would like more details, contact the poster but do not make any offers until you are fully satisfied. If they don't get back to you, look for something else.
1-2. Check whether the seller has downloaded the pictures from the internet.
Scammers will often download pictures from the internet to use in their ads. You can use images.google.com to search for this. Copy the link to the image in the add (right click). Go to images.google.com and search for that image url. Check which sites are returned and whether the seller took the picture themselves. If the image is original, then it should not appear on any other website, but if you see ads trying to sell the same object in Russia, Nigeria, etc, then the ad is probably fake.
1-3. Have some knowledge of what the item's usual price is.
This is more common for renting an apartment or buying a car over Craigslist. If you're not sure, browse through newspaper classifieds, other Craigslist posts, use the Kelley Blue Book for vehicles, or ask friends for a reasonable price range for that specific item.
2. Making safe payments
2-1. Search and browse within your own region.
This will give you and the seller the opportunity to meet in person.
2-2. Try to exchange in person instead of mailing money.
Unlike E-Bay, Craigslist is not responsible for transaction mishaps. This means, if you send money to someone, you can't report it to Craigslist if you don't receive the item that you were paying for. Any reference to Craigslist that says "buyer protection" or "certified seller" is bogus.
2-3. Insist on cash.
Fake checks and money orders are common, and banks will hold you - not the seller - responsible. Never wire money to anyone under any circumstances. Most payments made by wire transfer are fraudulent.
Tips
Don't send money through Western Union. Many scams from out of the country will ask for your money that way.
If it's too good to be true, then it probably is.
Don't take the first interesting item as priority; jot it down and browse around.
Warnings
When renting an apartment or house, be aware that it is illegal for a landlord to enforce anything above the first month's rent for the security deposit. So if an apartment is going for $1,500 and the first month's rent is higher than that - it's a scam.
Don't send money out of the area for a security deposit or first month's rent. Meet in person.
Sometimes situations will occur where the security deposit required is 1.5 or 2 times the monthly rental. The most common reason this occurs is because of tenants with poor credit reports or spotty rental history. Another reason may be pet damage deposit. A third may be the fist month's rent is "discounted" to entice early occupancy of a new or rehabbed unit.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Spotting suspicious sales\\n1-1. Prioritize posts with pictures over text-only posts.\\nIf you are interested in a non-image post or would like more details, contact the poster but do not make any offers until you are fully satisfied. If they don't get back to you, look for something else.\\n1-2. Check whether the seller has downloaded the pictures from the internet.\\nScammers will often download pictures from the internet to use in their ads. You can use images.google.com to search for this. Copy the link to the image in the add (right click). Go to images.google.com and search for that image url. Check which sites are returned and whether the seller took the picture themselves. If the image is original, then it should not appear on any other website, but if you see ads trying to sell the same object in Russia, Nigeria, etc, then the ad is probably fake.\\n1-3. Have some knowledge of what the item's usual price is.\\nThis is more common for renting an apartment or buying a car over Craigslist. If you're not sure, browse through newspaper classifieds, other Craigslist posts, use the Kelley Blue Book for vehicles, or ask friends for a reasonable price range for that specific item.\\n2. Making safe payments\\n2-1. Search and browse within your own region.\\nThis will give you and the seller the opportunity to meet in person.\\n2-2. Try to exchange in person instead of mailing money.\\nUnlike E-Bay, Craigslist is not responsible for transaction mishaps. This means, if you send money to someone, you can't report it to Craigslist if you don't receive the item that you were paying for. Any reference to Craigslist that says \\\"buyer protection\\\" or \\\"certified seller\\\" is bogus.\\n2-3. Insist on cash.\\nFake checks and money orders are common, and banks will hold you - not the seller - responsible. Never wire money to anyone under any circumstances. Most payments made by wire transfer are fraudulent.\\nTips\\nDon't send money through Western Union. Many scams from out of the country will ask for your money that way.\\nIf it's too good to be true, then it probably is.\\nDon't take the first interesting item as priority; jot it down and browse around.\\nWarnings\\nWhen renting an apartment or house, be aware that it is illegal for a landlord to enforce anything above the first month's rent for the security deposit. So if an apartment is going for $1,500 and the first month's rent is higher than that - it's a scam.\\nDon't send money out of the area for a security deposit or first month's rent. Meet in person.\\nSometimes situations will occur where the security deposit required is 1.5 or 2 times the monthly rental. The most common reason this occurs is because of tenants with poor credit reports or spotty rental history. Another reason may be pet damage deposit. A third may be the fist month's rent is \\\"discounted\\\" to entice early occupancy of a new or rehabbed unit.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Craigslist is known worldwide for its classifieds for just about anything - from toys to furniture. With a few simple clicks and an email address, anyone can post wanted and 'for sale' items. However, everyone needs to be aware and distinguish valid and scam posts in Craigslist.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spotting suspicious sales\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prioritize posts with pictures over text-only posts.\", \"描述\": \"If you are interested in a non-image post or would like more details, contact the poster but do not make any offers until you are fully satisfied. If they don't get back to you, look for something else.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check whether the seller has downloaded the pictures from the internet.\", \"描述\": \"Scammers will often download pictures from the internet to use in their ads. You can use images.google.com to search for this. Copy the link to the image in the add (right click). Go to images.google.com and search for that image url. Check which sites are returned and whether the seller took the picture themselves. If the image is original, then it should not appear on any other website, but if you see ads trying to sell the same object in Russia, Nigeria, etc, then the ad is probably fake.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have some knowledge of what the item's usual price is.\", \"描述\": \"This is more common for renting an apartment or buying a car over Craigslist. If you're not sure, browse through newspaper classifieds, other Craigslist posts, use the Kelley Blue Book for vehicles, or ask friends for a reasonable price range for that specific item.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Making safe payments\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Search and browse within your own region.\", \"描述\": \"This will give you and the seller the opportunity to meet in person.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try to exchange in person instead of mailing money.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike E-Bay, Craigslist is not responsible for transaction mishaps. This means, if you send money to someone, you can't report it to Craigslist if you don't receive the item that you were paying for. Any reference to Craigslist that says \\\"buyer protection\\\" or \\\"certified seller\\\" is bogus.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Insist on cash.\", \"描述\": \"Fake checks and money orders are common, and banks will hold you - not the seller - responsible. Never wire money to anyone under any circumstances. Most payments made by wire transfer are fraudulent.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don't send money through Western Union. Many scams from out of the country will ask for your money that way.\\n\", \"If it's too good to be true, then it probably is.\\n\", \"Don't take the first interesting item as priority; jot it down and browse around.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"When renting an apartment or house, be aware that it is illegal for a landlord to enforce anything above the first month's rent for the security deposit. So if an apartment is going for $1,500 and the first month's rent is higher than that - it's a scam.\\n\", \"Don't send money out of the area for a security deposit or first month's rent. Meet in person.\\n\", \"Sometimes situations will occur where the security deposit required is 1.5 or 2 times the monthly rental. The most common reason this occurs is because of tenants with poor credit reports or spotty rental history. Another reason may be pet damage deposit. A third may be the fist month's rent is \\\"discounted\\\" to entice early occupancy of a new or rehabbed unit.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,179 | How to Avoid Scams on OfferUp on Android | 1. Steps
1-1. Check the buyer or seller’s ratings.
Open the user’s profile to check their star rating, and scroll down to read their reviews. The more solid gold stars in the user’s profile, the higher their rating.
The number of ratings appears next to the stars.
Only positive reviews are publicly displayed. The reviews are descriptive terms like ″Communicative,″ and ″Item as described,″ rather than full sentences.
1-2. Look for a TruYou badge.
When a buyer or seller verifies their identity with TruYou, a verification badge will appear at the bottom-right corner of their profile photo. To get a TruYou badge, users must upload their US-issued photo ID, as well as a selfie that proves they are the person in the photo. They’ll also have to verify their phone number via SMS message.
1-3. Only communicate through OfferUp.
All communication should take place within the app. You should never have to give your phone number or email address to another OfferUp user. If a buyer or seller tries to move your communication to a different app or service, politely decline.
1-4. Avoid get-rich-quick schemes.
If an OfferUp user tries to persuade you into participating in an ″investment opportunity″ or another money-making offer that seem too good to be true, it’s likely they are trying to scam you. Limit communication with potential buyers or sellers to discussing the item up for sale.
1-5. Only accept or use OfferUp-approved payment methods.
When buying or selling an item in-person, use cash. Never accept or pay with MoneyGram, Western Union, PayPal, Venmo, gift cards, wire transfers, or checks. All of these services can be used to defraud you.
When buying or selling an item that needs to be shipped, the payment should be processed through OfferUp. Don’t arrange to make or accept a payment through a different service.
If you receive a check from an OfferUp user, don't cash it. Many scams begin with the scammer sending a large, but fraudulent, check.
1-6. Meet at a designated Community MeetUp Spot.
OfferUp works with local businesses and police stations to better ensure your safety. These locations are well-lit and recorded for your safety.
To find a designated Community MeetUp Spot, open the message with the buyer or seller, and then tap the icon (an upside-down teardrop) at the bottom of the screen. Designated meeting spots are highlighted in green.
To propose a meetup spot, tap its green icon, and then tap at the top-right corner of the screen.
When you arrive to the MeetUp Spot, look for the green OfferUp sign. Do your best to complete the sale close to that sign.
1-7. Report fraud attempts and suspicious behaviors to OfferUp.
To report a user, tap their profile photo to open their profile, then tap (the flag icon) at the top of the screen. OfferUp recommends reporting users for any of the following behaviors:
Harassment or offensive communications/actions
Offering counterfeit or otherwise fraudulent items
Failure to show up at a meeting spot
Using or attempting to use a fraudulent payment method
Offering multiple items that violate OfferUp’s prohibited items guidelines.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Check the buyer or seller’s ratings.\\nOpen the user’s profile to check their star rating, and scroll down to read their reviews. The more solid gold stars in the user’s profile, the higher their rating.\\nThe number of ratings appears next to the stars.\\nOnly positive reviews are publicly displayed. The reviews are descriptive terms like ″Communicative,″ and ″Item as described,″ rather than full sentences.\\n1-2. Look for a TruYou badge.\\nWhen a buyer or seller verifies their identity with TruYou, a verification badge will appear at the bottom-right corner of their profile photo. To get a TruYou badge, users must upload their US-issued photo ID, as well as a selfie that proves they are the person in the photo. They’ll also have to verify their phone number via SMS message.\\n1-3. Only communicate through OfferUp.\\nAll communication should take place within the app. You should never have to give your phone number or email address to another OfferUp user. If a buyer or seller tries to move your communication to a different app or service, politely decline.\\n1-4. Avoid get-rich-quick schemes.\\nIf an OfferUp user tries to persuade you into participating in an ″investment opportunity″ or another money-making offer that seem too good to be true, it’s likely they are trying to scam you. Limit communication with potential buyers or sellers to discussing the item up for sale.\\n1-5. Only accept or use OfferUp-approved payment methods.\\nWhen buying or selling an item in-person, use cash. Never accept or pay with MoneyGram, Western Union, PayPal, Venmo, gift cards, wire transfers, or checks. All of these services can be used to defraud you.\\nWhen buying or selling an item that needs to be shipped, the payment should be processed through OfferUp. Don’t arrange to make or accept a payment through a different service.\\nIf you receive a check from an OfferUp user, don't cash it. Many scams begin with the scammer sending a large, but fraudulent, check.\\n1-6. Meet at a designated Community MeetUp Spot.\\nOfferUp works with local businesses and police stations to better ensure your safety. These locations are well-lit and recorded for your safety.\\nTo find a designated Community MeetUp Spot, open the message with the buyer or seller, and then tap the icon (an upside-down teardrop) at the bottom of the screen. Designated meeting spots are highlighted in green.\\nTo propose a meetup spot, tap its green icon, and then tap at the top-right corner of the screen.\\nWhen you arrive to the MeetUp Spot, look for the green OfferUp sign. Do your best to complete the sale close to that sign.\\n1-7. Report fraud attempts and suspicious behaviors to OfferUp.\\nTo report a user, tap their profile photo to open their profile, then tap (the flag icon) at the top of the screen. OfferUp recommends reporting users for any of the following behaviors:\\nHarassment or offensive communications/actions\\nOffering counterfeit or otherwise fraudulent items\\nFailure to show up at a meeting spot\\nUsing or attempting to use a fraudulent payment method\\nOffering multiple items that violate OfferUp’s prohibited items guidelines.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This wikiHow teaches you how to stay safe when buying and selling goods on OfferUp.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check the buyer or seller’s ratings.\", \"描述\": \"Open the user’s profile to check their star rating, and scroll down to read their reviews. The more solid gold stars in the user’s profile, the higher their rating.\\nThe number of ratings appears next to the stars.\\nOnly positive reviews are publicly displayed. The reviews are descriptive terms like ″Communicative,″ and ″Item as described,″ rather than full sentences.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for a TruYou badge.\", \"描述\": \"When a buyer or seller verifies their identity with TruYou, a verification badge will appear at the bottom-right corner of their profile photo. To get a TruYou badge, users must upload their US-issued photo ID, as well as a selfie that proves they are the person in the photo. They’ll also have to verify their phone number via SMS message.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Only communicate through OfferUp.\", \"描述\": \"All communication should take place within the app. You should never have to give your phone number or email address to another OfferUp user. If a buyer or seller tries to move your communication to a different app or service, politely decline.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid get-rich-quick schemes.\", \"描述\": \"If an OfferUp user tries to persuade you into participating in an ″investment opportunity″ or another money-making offer that seem too good to be true, it’s likely they are trying to scam you. Limit communication with potential buyers or sellers to discussing the item up for sale.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Only accept or use OfferUp-approved payment methods.\", \"描述\": \"When buying or selling an item in-person, use cash. Never accept or pay with MoneyGram, Western Union, PayPal, Venmo, gift cards, wire transfers, or checks. All of these services can be used to defraud you.\\nWhen buying or selling an item that needs to be shipped, the payment should be processed through OfferUp. Don’t arrange to make or accept a payment through a different service.\\nIf you receive a check from an OfferUp user, don't cash it. Many scams begin with the scammer sending a large, but fraudulent, check.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Meet at a designated Community MeetUp Spot.\", \"描述\": \"OfferUp works with local businesses and police stations to better ensure your safety. These locations are well-lit and recorded for your safety.\\nTo find a designated Community MeetUp Spot, open the message with the buyer or seller, and then tap the icon (an upside-down teardrop) at the bottom of the screen. Designated meeting spots are highlighted in green.\\nTo propose a meetup spot, tap its green icon, and then tap at the top-right corner of the screen.\\nWhen you arrive to the MeetUp Spot, look for the green OfferUp sign. Do your best to complete the sale close to that sign.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Report fraud attempts and suspicious behaviors to OfferUp.\", \"描述\": \"To report a user, tap their profile photo to open their profile, then tap (the flag icon) at the top of the screen. OfferUp recommends reporting users for any of the following behaviors:\\nHarassment or offensive communications/actions\\nOffering counterfeit or otherwise fraudulent items\\nFailure to show up at a meeting spot\\nUsing or attempting to use a fraudulent payment method\\nOffering multiple items that violate OfferUp’s prohibited items guidelines.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,180 | How to Avoid Scams with Zelle | 1. Making Payments the Safe and Smart Way
1-1. Use Zelle to pay close friends, family, or other people that you know and trust.
Zelle offers a very convenient way to send money to people that you trust in near real-time, with payments usually transferring within minutes.
1-2. Do not use Zelle to pay for goods or services if you do not personally know and trust the person selling what you are buying.
Using Zelle to pay for items bought through Craigslist or online bidding and sales websites is highly discouraged, as these are places where scammers will often trick people into sending them money without actually delivering products.
Remember, if you send money to someone for the purchase of goods, like concert tickets, and they don't deliver the tickets, you will be liable and your bank cannot recover the money for you.
2. Understanding Zelle's Fraud Protection
2-1. Understand that you are protected from unauthorized transfers made through Zelle.
Regulation E, a consumer protection law, protects consumers from unauthorized electronic transactions, as long as they are reported in a timely manner.
It's important to recognize that, by definition, "unauthorized" means the transfer was initiated by a person other than the consumer and without actual authority to initiate the transfer.
2-2. Understand that many banks offering Zelle have systems in place to help detect and prevent potentially fraudulent Zelle transfers.
Common methods of detecting and preventing fraudulent transactions include ensuring neither the sender nor receiver of the funds is listed in OFAC's Specially Designated Nationals And Blocked Persons List, and comparing the transfer against the sender's transaction history in order to detect anomalous behavior.
If your bank detects the transfer may be fraudulent, they will usually block the transfer and may potentially freeze your account until they are able to speak with you to confirm whether or not you attempted to make the transfer.
2-3. Understand that Zelle does not offer any additional fraud protection.
Banks are required to provide consumers certain protections under Regulation E, but that protection is limited in scope and does not cover all types of fraud claims.
You have fraud protection if you send money to someone in order to purchase goods or services, but then the seller never provides those goods or services. Such disputes will have to be resolved between you and the seller directly, and your bank will not reimburse you the money that you sent.
2-4. Report any unauthorized transactions to your bank immediately.
Even if you are not sure whether your specific case will have any fraud protections, report any unauthorized Zelle transfers to your bank immediately after learning about the transfer.
In order to avoid liability for certain unauthorized electronic transactions, you must report the fraud in a timely manner.
Your bank will ask you questions about what happened in order to assist in their investigation. Be open, honest, and share all pertinent information in order to help your bank process your fraud claim in a timely manner.
Tips
You may wish to report scammers, especially if you are the victim of a scam, to your local police department.
Be sure to check with recipients before sending them money to verify what their phone number or email address is that is registered with Zelle. If they are unsure, have them check with their bank to verify that before you send them money.
Warnings
Sending money through Zelle is like sending a wire transfer or giving someone cash. Once the transfer is made, you cannot change your mind and recall or recover the money.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Making Payments the Safe and Smart Way\\n1-1. Use Zelle to pay close friends, family, or other people that you know and trust.\\nZelle offers a very convenient way to send money to people that you trust in near real-time, with payments usually transferring within minutes.\\n1-2. Do not use Zelle to pay for goods or services if you do not personally know and trust the person selling what you are buying.\\nUsing Zelle to pay for items bought through Craigslist or online bidding and sales websites is highly discouraged, as these are places where scammers will often trick people into sending them money without actually delivering products.\\nRemember, if you send money to someone for the purchase of goods, like concert tickets, and they don't deliver the tickets, you will be liable and your bank cannot recover the money for you.\\n2. Understanding Zelle's Fraud Protection\\n2-1. Understand that you are protected from unauthorized transfers made through Zelle.\\nRegulation E, a consumer protection law, protects consumers from unauthorized electronic transactions, as long as they are reported in a timely manner.\\nIt's important to recognize that, by definition, \\\"unauthorized\\\" means the transfer was initiated by a person other than the consumer and without actual authority to initiate the transfer.\\n2-2. Understand that many banks offering Zelle have systems in place to help detect and prevent potentially fraudulent Zelle transfers.\\nCommon methods of detecting and preventing fraudulent transactions include ensuring neither the sender nor receiver of the funds is listed in OFAC's Specially Designated Nationals And Blocked Persons List, and comparing the transfer against the sender's transaction history in order to detect anomalous behavior.\\nIf your bank detects the transfer may be fraudulent, they will usually block the transfer and may potentially freeze your account until they are able to speak with you to confirm whether or not you attempted to make the transfer.\\n2-3. Understand that Zelle does not offer any additional fraud protection.\\nBanks are required to provide consumers certain protections under Regulation E, but that protection is limited in scope and does not cover all types of fraud claims.\\nYou have fraud protection if you send money to someone in order to purchase goods or services, but then the seller never provides those goods or services. Such disputes will have to be resolved between you and the seller directly, and your bank will not reimburse you the money that you sent.\\n2-4. Report any unauthorized transactions to your bank immediately.\\nEven if you are not sure whether your specific case will have any fraud protections, report any unauthorized Zelle transfers to your bank immediately after learning about the transfer.\\nIn order to avoid liability for certain unauthorized electronic transactions, you must report the fraud in a timely manner.\\nYour bank will ask you questions about what happened in order to assist in their investigation. Be open, honest, and share all pertinent information in order to help your bank process your fraud claim in a timely manner.\\nTips\\nYou may wish to report scammers, especially if you are the victim of a scam, to your local police department.\\nBe sure to check with recipients before sending them money to verify what their phone number or email address is that is registered with Zelle. If they are unsure, have them check with their bank to verify that before you send them money.\\nWarnings\\nSending money through Zelle is like sending a wire transfer or giving someone cash. Once the transfer is made, you cannot change your mind and recall or recover the money.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Zelle is a digital payments network that enables users to send, receive, and request money to or from people they know and trust within minutes. Due to the nature of Zelle's near real-time payment service, people can often be targeted by scammers in an attempt to trick you into sending a fraudster money. How can you avoid scams and safely make payments? We'll walk you through the best tips to prevent fraud and send money securely on Zelle.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Making Payments the Safe and Smart Way\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use Zelle to pay close friends, family, or other people that you know and trust.\", \"描述\": \"Zelle offers a very convenient way to send money to people that you trust in near real-time, with payments usually transferring within minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do not use Zelle to pay for goods or services if you do not personally know and trust the person selling what you are buying.\", \"描述\": \"Using Zelle to pay for items bought through Craigslist or online bidding and sales websites is highly discouraged, as these are places where scammers will often trick people into sending them money without actually delivering products.\\nRemember, if you send money to someone for the purchase of goods, like concert tickets, and they don't deliver the tickets, you will be liable and your bank cannot recover the money for you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understanding Zelle's Fraud Protection\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand that you are protected from unauthorized transfers made through Zelle.\", \"描述\": \"Regulation E, a consumer protection law, protects consumers from unauthorized electronic transactions, as long as they are reported in a timely manner.\\nIt's important to recognize that, by definition, \\\"unauthorized\\\" means the transfer was initiated by a person other than the consumer and without actual authority to initiate the transfer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand that many banks offering Zelle have systems in place to help detect and prevent potentially fraudulent Zelle transfers.\", \"描述\": \"Common methods of detecting and preventing fraudulent transactions include ensuring neither the sender nor receiver of the funds is listed in OFAC's Specially Designated Nationals And Blocked Persons List, and comparing the transfer against the sender's transaction history in order to detect anomalous behavior.\\nIf your bank detects the transfer may be fraudulent, they will usually block the transfer and may potentially freeze your account until they are able to speak with you to confirm whether or not you attempted to make the transfer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand that Zelle does not offer any additional fraud protection.\", \"描述\": \"Banks are required to provide consumers certain protections under Regulation E, but that protection is limited in scope and does not cover all types of fraud claims.\\nYou have fraud protection if you send money to someone in order to purchase goods or services, but then the seller never provides those goods or services. Such disputes will have to be resolved between you and the seller directly, and your bank will not reimburse you the money that you sent.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Report any unauthorized transactions to your bank immediately.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you are not sure whether your specific case will have any fraud protections, report any unauthorized Zelle transfers to your bank immediately after learning about the transfer.\\nIn order to avoid liability for certain unauthorized electronic transactions, you must report the fraud in a timely manner.\\nYour bank will ask you questions about what happened in order to assist in their investigation. Be open, honest, and share all pertinent information in order to help your bank process your fraud claim in a timely manner.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You may wish to report scammers, especially if you are the victim of a scam, to your local police department.\\n\", \"Be sure to check with recipients before sending them money to verify what their phone number or email address is that is registered with Zelle. If they are unsure, have them check with their bank to verify that before you send them money.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Sending money through Zelle is like sending a wire transfer or giving someone cash. Once the transfer is made, you cannot change your mind and recall or recover the money.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,181 | How to Avoid Scratching Eyeglasses | 1. Avoiding Damage
1-1. Clean your glasses regularly.
If you want to avoid scratches and other damage to your lenses, make sure to clean your glasses on a regular basis. Use the right materials when cleaning your glasses to assure you avoid scratches.
If you use chemical sprays or lens cleaners, be careful when you spray your lenses. Spray from an appropriate distance, as outlined on the cleaner container, and always use sprays specifically designed to clean lenses. Never use household cleaners like Windex.
Use the right cloth. Paper towel, tissue, and napkins should not be used to dry lenses. These can cause tears and other damage to the frames. You should also avoid using the corner of your shirt. If you use fabric softener on your clothes it can cause streaks on your lenses. You should only use 100% cotton wipes made explicitly for cleaning lenses.
Air dry your glasses when you clean them. This prevents materials from getting caught on your lenses, which can lead to tears and other damages.
1-2. Take care when removing your glasses.
Oftentimes, glasses get scratched when they're dropped. It may be helpful to use two hands when removing glasses so you can remove the frame straight off your face and not bend the sides. Grip your glasses firmly when removing. Remove your glasses slowly. Not only can dropping glasses cause scratches, you could also potentially bend the frames through hasty removal.
1-3. Use a case.
Always use a glasses case. When you're not wearing your glasses, do not simply leave them lying around. Always use a protective case. You can ask your eye doctor for advice on the most durable type of glasses case.
Cases come in a variety of forms. Try to go for a sturdier case, made of leather or hard plastic, that closes completely. Cases of flimsier plastic or fabric that do not close do not provide as much protection.
1-4. Wear protective lenses over your glasses when engaging in dangerous activity.
If you work with tools or engage in sports activities that could cause damage, wear protective goggles over your glasses. Invest in ski goggles or protective shields for construction work. Try on protective goggles before purchase to make sure they're roomy enough to safely conceal your glasses.
1-5. Remove your glasses during activities that may cause damage.
Taking a nap during the day, playing with your dog, or roughhousing with your kids could result in damage to your glasses. Take your glasses off during these activities and place them in their case.
2. Dealing with Scratches
2-1. Bring your glasses to the place of purchase.
If you notice a tear in your glasses, take your glasses to the place of purchase. See if there is anything that can be done.
Depending on your prescription and the level of damage, your eye doctor may be able to make repairs to your lenses.
If your eyeglasses are insured, you may be able to get replacement lenses depending on your insurance policy and how the glasses were damaged.
2-2. Use precaution when consulting YouTube videos.
While there are many YouTube videos in existence that provide instructions on removing scratches, be careful when consulting them. Attempts to buff out scratches on lenses will change the optics of the lens causing distortions. Unless you have familiarity with DIY repairs, it might not be the best idea to attempt to repair cracked lenses on your own. If you damage the lenses further, this could void any warranties or insurances policies on your glasses.
2-3. Take caution when wearing glasses with scratched lenses.
Wearing glasses with scratches will not result in any permanent damage to your vision. Many people wear scratched glasses until they receive a new pair without trouble; however, there are some concerns to keep in mind when wearing scratched or damaged glasses.
Eye strain and headaches can result from wearing scratched or damaged lenses, so be take your glasses off if you notice any physical symptoms.
Be careful driving. Scratched glasses can obstruct vision. If you do not feel comfortable driving with scratched lenses, use public transportation until your glasses are fixed.
3. Taking Preventative Action
3-1. Ask to get a scratch-resistant coating on your lenses.
When filling a glasses prescription, ask your doctor about scratch-resistant coating. While this won't protect against all possible damages, it will make scratches less likely to occur during day-to-day wear.
3-2. Go for glass over plastic.
Glass has gone somewhat out of fashion in recent years; however, glass lenses are less likely to accrue scratches than plastic.
Glass is a harder than plastic as a surface. Plastic lenses are softer and more likely to scratch in response to day-to-day wear and tear.
When purchasing your next pair of glasses, ask for a glass lens over a plastic one.
The disadvantages of glass lenses are that they are heavier than plastic lenses and the lens can shatter if hit with a projectile.
3-3. Consider switching to contacts.
If you're worried about scratching eyeglasses, consider switching to contact lenses. Contact lenses are easier and cheaper to replace in the event of damage. Ask your eye doctor about switching to contact lenses if you want to avoid scratches and other damages.
Contacts can provide greater peripheral vision and do not need to be removed as often during day-to-day activity.
Contacts might not be a great option for you if you're forgetful. It can be harmful to leave contacts in overnight for too many nights on end. If you're squeamish about putting things in your eyes, contacts might be tricky.
Many people switch back and forth between contacts and glasses depending on their comfort.
Tips
Always keep your glasses out of reach of any children or pets.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Damage\\n1-1. Clean your glasses regularly.\\nIf you want to avoid scratches and other damage to your lenses, make sure to clean your glasses on a regular basis. Use the right materials when cleaning your glasses to assure you avoid scratches.\\nIf you use chemical sprays or lens cleaners, be careful when you spray your lenses. Spray from an appropriate distance, as outlined on the cleaner container, and always use sprays specifically designed to clean lenses. Never use household cleaners like Windex.\\nUse the right cloth. Paper towel, tissue, and napkins should not be used to dry lenses. These can cause tears and other damage to the frames. You should also avoid using the corner of your shirt. If you use fabric softener on your clothes it can cause streaks on your lenses. You should only use 100% cotton wipes made explicitly for cleaning lenses.\\nAir dry your glasses when you clean them. This prevents materials from getting caught on your lenses, which can lead to tears and other damages.\\n1-2. Take care when removing your glasses.\\nOftentimes, glasses get scratched when they're dropped. It may be helpful to use two hands when removing glasses so you can remove the frame straight off your face and not bend the sides. Grip your glasses firmly when removing. Remove your glasses slowly. Not only can dropping glasses cause scratches, you could also potentially bend the frames through hasty removal.\\n1-3. Use a case.\\nAlways use a glasses case. When you're not wearing your glasses, do not simply leave them lying around. Always use a protective case. You can ask your eye doctor for advice on the most durable type of glasses case.\\nCases come in a variety of forms. Try to go for a sturdier case, made of leather or hard plastic, that closes completely. Cases of flimsier plastic or fabric that do not close do not provide as much protection.\\n1-4. Wear protective lenses over your glasses when engaging in dangerous activity.\\nIf you work with tools or engage in sports activities that could cause damage, wear protective goggles over your glasses. Invest in ski goggles or protective shields for construction work. Try on protective goggles before purchase to make sure they're roomy enough to safely conceal your glasses.\\n1-5. Remove your glasses during activities that may cause damage.\\nTaking a nap during the day, playing with your dog, or roughhousing with your kids could result in damage to your glasses. Take your glasses off during these activities and place them in their case.\\n2. Dealing with Scratches\\n2-1. Bring your glasses to the place of purchase.\\nIf you notice a tear in your glasses, take your glasses to the place of purchase. See if there is anything that can be done.\\nDepending on your prescription and the level of damage, your eye doctor may be able to make repairs to your lenses.\\nIf your eyeglasses are insured, you may be able to get replacement lenses depending on your insurance policy and how the glasses were damaged.\\n2-2. Use precaution when consulting YouTube videos.\\nWhile there are many YouTube videos in existence that provide instructions on removing scratches, be careful when consulting them. Attempts to buff out scratches on lenses will change the optics of the lens causing distortions. Unless you have familiarity with DIY repairs, it might not be the best idea to attempt to repair cracked lenses on your own. If you damage the lenses further, this could void any warranties or insurances policies on your glasses.\\n2-3. Take caution when wearing glasses with scratched lenses.\\nWearing glasses with scratches will not result in any permanent damage to your vision. Many people wear scratched glasses until they receive a new pair without trouble; however, there are some concerns to keep in mind when wearing scratched or damaged glasses.\\nEye strain and headaches can result from wearing scratched or damaged lenses, so be take your glasses off if you notice any physical symptoms.\\nBe careful driving. Scratched glasses can obstruct vision. If you do not feel comfortable driving with scratched lenses, use public transportation until your glasses are fixed.\\n3. Taking Preventative Action\\n3-1. Ask to get a scratch-resistant coating on your lenses.\\nWhen filling a glasses prescription, ask your doctor about scratch-resistant coating. While this won't protect against all possible damages, it will make scratches less likely to occur during day-to-day wear.\\n3-2. Go for glass over plastic.\\nGlass has gone somewhat out of fashion in recent years; however, glass lenses are less likely to accrue scratches than plastic.\\nGlass is a harder than plastic as a surface. Plastic lenses are softer and more likely to scratch in response to day-to-day wear and tear.\\nWhen purchasing your next pair of glasses, ask for a glass lens over a plastic one.\\nThe disadvantages of glass lenses are that they are heavier than plastic lenses and the lens can shatter if hit with a projectile.\\n3-3. Consider switching to contacts.\\nIf you're worried about scratching eyeglasses, consider switching to contact lenses. Contact lenses are easier and cheaper to replace in the event of damage. Ask your eye doctor about switching to contact lenses if you want to avoid scratches and other damages.\\nContacts can provide greater peripheral vision and do not need to be removed as often during day-to-day activity.\\nContacts might not be a great option for you if you're forgetful. It can be harmful to leave contacts in overnight for too many nights on end. If you're squeamish about putting things in your eyes, contacts might be tricky.\\nMany people switch back and forth between contacts and glasses depending on their comfort.\\nTips\\nAlways keep your glasses out of reach of any children or pets.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If scratched, eyeglasses can be difficult to see through and cause eye strain and headaches. There are many ways to avoid scratching eyeglasses. Take care when cleaning and removing your glasses. If you're worried about scratches, take certain preventative measures to avoid damage.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Damage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Clean your glasses regularly.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to avoid scratches and other damage to your lenses, make sure to clean your glasses on a regular basis. Use the right materials when cleaning your glasses to assure you avoid scratches.\\nIf you use chemical sprays or lens cleaners, be careful when you spray your lenses. Spray from an appropriate distance, as outlined on the cleaner container, and always use sprays specifically designed to clean lenses. Never use household cleaners like Windex.\\nUse the right cloth. Paper towel, tissue, and napkins should not be used to dry lenses. These can cause tears and other damage to the frames. You should also avoid using the corner of your shirt. If you use fabric softener on your clothes it can cause streaks on your lenses. You should only use 100% cotton wipes made explicitly for cleaning lenses.\\nAir dry your glasses when you clean them. This prevents materials from getting caught on your lenses, which can lead to tears and other damages.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take care when removing your glasses.\", \"描述\": \"Oftentimes, glasses get scratched when they're dropped. It may be helpful to use two hands when removing glasses so you can remove the frame straight off your face and not bend the sides. Grip your glasses firmly when removing. Remove your glasses slowly. Not only can dropping glasses cause scratches, you could also potentially bend the frames through hasty removal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a case.\", \"描述\": \"Always use a glasses case. When you're not wearing your glasses, do not simply leave them lying around. Always use a protective case. You can ask your eye doctor for advice on the most durable type of glasses case.\\nCases come in a variety of forms. Try to go for a sturdier case, made of leather or hard plastic, that closes completely. Cases of flimsier plastic or fabric that do not close do not provide as much protection.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wear protective lenses over your glasses when engaging in dangerous activity.\", \"描述\": \"If you work with tools or engage in sports activities that could cause damage, wear protective goggles over your glasses. Invest in ski goggles or protective shields for construction work. Try on protective goggles before purchase to make sure they're roomy enough to safely conceal your glasses.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remove your glasses during activities that may cause damage.\", \"描述\": \"Taking a nap during the day, playing with your dog, or roughhousing with your kids could result in damage to your glasses. Take your glasses off during these activities and place them in their case.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Dealing with Scratches\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bring your glasses to the place of purchase.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice a tear in your glasses, take your glasses to the place of purchase. See if there is anything that can be done.\\nDepending on your prescription and the level of damage, your eye doctor may be able to make repairs to your lenses.\\nIf your eyeglasses are insured, you may be able to get replacement lenses depending on your insurance policy and how the glasses were damaged.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use precaution when consulting YouTube videos.\", \"描述\": \"While there are many YouTube videos in existence that provide instructions on removing scratches, be careful when consulting them. Attempts to buff out scratches on lenses will change the optics of the lens causing distortions. Unless you have familiarity with DIY repairs, it might not be the best idea to attempt to repair cracked lenses on your own. If you damage the lenses further, this could void any warranties or insurances policies on your glasses.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take caution when wearing glasses with scratched lenses.\", \"描述\": \"Wearing glasses with scratches will not result in any permanent damage to your vision. Many people wear scratched glasses until they receive a new pair without trouble; however, there are some concerns to keep in mind when wearing scratched or damaged glasses.\\nEye strain and headaches can result from wearing scratched or damaged lenses, so be take your glasses off if you notice any physical symptoms.\\nBe careful driving. Scratched glasses can obstruct vision. If you do not feel comfortable driving with scratched lenses, use public transportation until your glasses are fixed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Taking Preventative Action\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask to get a scratch-resistant coating on your lenses.\", \"描述\": \"When filling a glasses prescription, ask your doctor about scratch-resistant coating. While this won't protect against all possible damages, it will make scratches less likely to occur during day-to-day wear.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go for glass over plastic.\", \"描述\": \"Glass has gone somewhat out of fashion in recent years; however, glass lenses are less likely to accrue scratches than plastic.\\nGlass is a harder than plastic as a surface. Plastic lenses are softer and more likely to scratch in response to day-to-day wear and tear.\\nWhen purchasing your next pair of glasses, ask for a glass lens over a plastic one.\\nThe disadvantages of glass lenses are that they are heavier than plastic lenses and the lens can shatter if hit with a projectile.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider switching to contacts.\", \"描述\": \"If you're worried about scratching eyeglasses, consider switching to contact lenses. Contact lenses are easier and cheaper to replace in the event of damage. Ask your eye doctor about switching to contact lenses if you want to avoid scratches and other damages.\\nContacts can provide greater peripheral vision and do not need to be removed as often during day-to-day activity.\\nContacts might not be a great option for you if you're forgetful. It can be harmful to leave contacts in overnight for too many nights on end. If you're squeamish about putting things in your eyes, contacts might be tricky.\\nMany people switch back and forth between contacts and glasses depending on their comfort.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always keep your glasses out of reach of any children or pets.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,182 | How to Avoid Sea Sickness | 1. Natural Remedies
1-1. Be careful what you eat and drink before going on a boat.
Before boarding any boat, big or small, try to avoid consuming things that are likely to make your seasickness and nausea worse. This includes things like alcohol, caffeine, fatty foods, and spicy foods. Heavy, greasy meals contribute to the development of nausea, which will be worsened by the motion on the water. That being said, it's important not to travel/sail on an empty stomach either. Focus on drinking lots of purified water and eating small portions of low-fat, bland, starchy foods, such as crackers, low-acid fruit, and unseasoned vegetables.
Sea sickness most commonly affects children (ages 2-12), pregnant or menstruating women, and migraine sufferers.
1-2. Choose a seat associated with the least motion.
When booking travel on a cruise ship or boarding any other decent-sized boat, try to get a berth or seat as close to the center point of the vessel as possible, because that area will experience the least amount of motion. Also try to get as close to the water as possible because the further away you get from the surface (the top decks of cruise ships, for example), the more motion you'll experience. In addition, try to seat yourself facing the direction of travel because you'll feel better orientated.
Seasickness symptoms arise due to conflicting sensory information between the inner ear, eyes, and brain. In essence, your brain thinks it's moving more than it actually is.
Sailing on large cruise ships doesn't pose as many problems for people because of their relative lack of bobbing motion and use of automated stabilizers.
To acclimate yourself aboard a cruise ship, it's best to spend some time out on a lower deck, using the horizon as a point to maintain your equilibrium.
Having a window to look out will also give you a view of the horizon point.
1-3. Don't read while on a boat.
Just like reading while riding in a car, reading on a boat can increase your risk of getting sea sick. When your eyes are focused on a still object right in front of you, the rocking motions of the boat will send a conflicting message to your brain, causing disorientation and nausea. To avoid this, don’t read books or magazines, look at your phone, or use a laptop or tablet while on a boat if you're sensitive to seasickness. Instead, keep your gaze fixed on the horizon or on another fixed point in the distance until your inner ears and brain better synchronize with each other in terms of movement.
If you're very sensitive to seasickness but enjoy cruising, then book only port-intensive cruises with lots of stops and fewer days on the rougher open seas.
Consider reading prior to getting on a boat because it can make you drowsy and more prone to sleep. Sleeping on a boat, if that's appropriate, can negate the effects of seasickness.
1-4. Wear a specially designed wrist band.
Some people find that acupressure can help relieve symptoms of sea sickness—especially pressure on the “P6 point” near the wrist. Buy a sea sickness bracelet that puts pressure on this point or gently massage your own wrist to relieve your symptoms. The P6 point is about 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the crease of your wrist and is associated with controlling or reducing nausea. You can buy sea sickness bracelets or wrist bands for this purpose online, in a pharmacy, or at many travel stores.
A new FDA-approved device for motion sickness, called the ReliefBand, uses a weak electrical current to stimulate the P6 point.
Alternatively, try simply stimulating the P6 point with your thumb when you begin to feel nauseous and see how it works.
Clinical trials have yielded mixed results concerning the value of acupressure in general, so your results may differ significantly from others’.
1-5. Try taking some ginger.
Eating ginger is an old home remedy for nausea. Ginger spice is made from the root of the ginger plant—it has a pungent and zesty flavor. Ginger has a long history of being very effective in alleviating many types of gastrointestinal symptoms. Taking ginger may reduce the symptoms of motion sickness, such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.
Medicinally, ginger is most commonly taken as a capsule (dried), but eating it fresh or pickled works also. You can also eat ginger chews or candies or sip ginger tea.
Take between 1 to 2 grams of ginger at least 30 minutes before boarding a boat in order to avoid or minimize nausea.
Some studies suggest that ginger may be particularly effective in relieving nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, and it is safer than many anti-nausea medications.
2. Medications
2-1. Try over-the-counter antihistamines.
Antihistamines are a common remedy for sea sickness and other forms of motion sickness, and they’re easy to get in most drug stores. Antihistamines work by influencing the part of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting. The most common ones used for sea sickness include dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), cyclizine (Marezine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), promethazine (Phenergan), and meclizine (Antivert).
Non-sedating antihistamines appear to be less effective, and besides, you may actually want to sleep your time away while on a boat. Promethazine causes the most sleepiness, whereas meclizine (also used to treat vertigo) is less sedating and can be taken as a single daily dose.
These medications are most effective when taken prior to boarding a boat and less effective for symptom relief after the sea sickness has begun.
2-2. Ask your doctor about prescription anticholinergics.
Anticholinergics are another class of drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness. They work by slowing down the messages related to the involuntary nervous system that go back and forth between the brain, inner ears, and eyes. Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) is the best-known anticholinergic and is available as a skin patch meant to be applied behind your ear at least 4 hours before boarding a boat. Its effectiveness for nausea prevention can last for up to 3 days.
Common side effects of scopolamine are the same as those of antihistamines (drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, and confusion).
In rare cases, these medications can cause more severe side effects, such as hallucinations, paranoia, or eye problems. Talk to your doctor about your health history and any other medications you are currently taking, since this can affect whether anticholinergics are safe for you.
Other prescription medications sometimes used to manage sea sickness include: antidopaminergics (promethazine and metoclopramide), amphetamines, and benzodiazepines (Xanax and Valium).
2-3. Ask your doctor what drugs may cause or worsen nausea.
Some prescription drugs commonly cause nausea in sensitive users, so it's important to realize if yours are on that list. If they are and you're planning on a cruise or just going boating for the day, ask your doctor if you can discontinue or reduce the dose over the short-term. For example, some antidepressants, oral contraceptives, antibiotics (erythromycin), anti-parasitics, and narcotics (codeine) are known to worsen nausea. However, never change doses of prescription medication without your doctor's approval.
If you are taking prescription medications, avoid mixing them with alcohol, particularly while on a boat.
Over-the-counter anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can also worsen the effects of motion sickness.
Tips
Avoid those who are already sea sick. The sights and sounds of their discomfort could trigger you.
Add distractions while you're on a boat—listen to music or use aromatherapy scents, such as mint, ginger, or lavender.
Try not to go into the cabin. That area bobs around the most, and you often can't see outside.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Natural Remedies\\n1-1. Be careful what you eat and drink before going on a boat.\\nBefore boarding any boat, big or small, try to avoid consuming things that are likely to make your seasickness and nausea worse. This includes things like alcohol, caffeine, fatty foods, and spicy foods. Heavy, greasy meals contribute to the development of nausea, which will be worsened by the motion on the water. That being said, it's important not to travel/sail on an empty stomach either. Focus on drinking lots of purified water and eating small portions of low-fat, bland, starchy foods, such as crackers, low-acid fruit, and unseasoned vegetables.\\nSea sickness most commonly affects children (ages 2-12), pregnant or menstruating women, and migraine sufferers.\\n1-2. Choose a seat associated with the least motion.\\nWhen booking travel on a cruise ship or boarding any other decent-sized boat, try to get a berth or seat as close to the center point of the vessel as possible, because that area will experience the least amount of motion. Also try to get as close to the water as possible because the further away you get from the surface (the top decks of cruise ships, for example), the more motion you'll experience. In addition, try to seat yourself facing the direction of travel because you'll feel better orientated.\\nSeasickness symptoms arise due to conflicting sensory information between the inner ear, eyes, and brain. In essence, your brain thinks it's moving more than it actually is.\\nSailing on large cruise ships doesn't pose as many problems for people because of their relative lack of bobbing motion and use of automated stabilizers.\\nTo acclimate yourself aboard a cruise ship, it's best to spend some time out on a lower deck, using the horizon as a point to maintain your equilibrium.\\nHaving a window to look out will also give you a view of the horizon point.\\n1-3. Don't read while on a boat.\\nJust like reading while riding in a car, reading on a boat can increase your risk of getting sea sick. When your eyes are focused on a still object right in front of you, the rocking motions of the boat will send a conflicting message to your brain, causing disorientation and nausea. To avoid this, don’t read books or magazines, look at your phone, or use a laptop or tablet while on a boat if you're sensitive to seasickness. Instead, keep your gaze fixed on the horizon or on another fixed point in the distance until your inner ears and brain better synchronize with each other in terms of movement.\\nIf you're very sensitive to seasickness but enjoy cruising, then book only port-intensive cruises with lots of stops and fewer days on the rougher open seas.\\nConsider reading prior to getting on a boat because it can make you drowsy and more prone to sleep. Sleeping on a boat, if that's appropriate, can negate the effects of seasickness.\\n1-4. Wear a specially designed wrist band.\\nSome people find that acupressure can help relieve symptoms of sea sickness—especially pressure on the “P6 point” near the wrist. Buy a sea sickness bracelet that puts pressure on this point or gently massage your own wrist to relieve your symptoms. The P6 point is about 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the crease of your wrist and is associated with controlling or reducing nausea. You can buy sea sickness bracelets or wrist bands for this purpose online, in a pharmacy, or at many travel stores.\\nA new FDA-approved device for motion sickness, called the ReliefBand, uses a weak electrical current to stimulate the P6 point.\\nAlternatively, try simply stimulating the P6 point with your thumb when you begin to feel nauseous and see how it works.\\nClinical trials have yielded mixed results concerning the value of acupressure in general, so your results may differ significantly from others’.\\n1-5. Try taking some ginger.\\nEating ginger is an old home remedy for nausea. Ginger spice is made from the root of the ginger plant—it has a pungent and zesty flavor. Ginger has a long history of being very effective in alleviating many types of gastrointestinal symptoms. Taking ginger may reduce the symptoms of motion sickness, such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.\\nMedicinally, ginger is most commonly taken as a capsule (dried), but eating it fresh or pickled works also. You can also eat ginger chews or candies or sip ginger tea.\\nTake between 1 to 2 grams of ginger at least 30 minutes before boarding a boat in order to avoid or minimize nausea.\\nSome studies suggest that ginger may be particularly effective in relieving nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, and it is safer than many anti-nausea medications.\\n2. Medications\\n2-1. Try over-the-counter antihistamines.\\nAntihistamines are a common remedy for sea sickness and other forms of motion sickness, and they’re easy to get in most drug stores. Antihistamines work by influencing the part of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting. The most common ones used for sea sickness include dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), cyclizine (Marezine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), promethazine (Phenergan), and meclizine (Antivert).\\nNon-sedating antihistamines appear to be less effective, and besides, you may actually want to sleep your time away while on a boat. Promethazine causes the most sleepiness, whereas meclizine (also used to treat vertigo) is less sedating and can be taken as a single daily dose.\\nThese medications are most effective when taken prior to boarding a boat and less effective for symptom relief after the sea sickness has begun.\\n2-2. Ask your doctor about prescription anticholinergics.\\nAnticholinergics are another class of drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness. They work by slowing down the messages related to the involuntary nervous system that go back and forth between the brain, inner ears, and eyes. Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) is the best-known anticholinergic and is available as a skin patch meant to be applied behind your ear at least 4 hours before boarding a boat. Its effectiveness for nausea prevention can last for up to 3 days.\\nCommon side effects of scopolamine are the same as those of antihistamines (drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, and confusion).\\nIn rare cases, these medications can cause more severe side effects, such as hallucinations, paranoia, or eye problems. Talk to your doctor about your health history and any other medications you are currently taking, since this can affect whether anticholinergics are safe for you.\\nOther prescription medications sometimes used to manage sea sickness include: antidopaminergics (promethazine and metoclopramide), amphetamines, and benzodiazepines (Xanax and Valium).\\n2-3. Ask your doctor what drugs may cause or worsen nausea.\\nSome prescription drugs commonly cause nausea in sensitive users, so it's important to realize if yours are on that list. If they are and you're planning on a cruise or just going boating for the day, ask your doctor if you can discontinue or reduce the dose over the short-term. For example, some antidepressants, oral contraceptives, antibiotics (erythromycin), anti-parasitics, and narcotics (codeine) are known to worsen nausea. However, never change doses of prescription medication without your doctor's approval.\\nIf you are taking prescription medications, avoid mixing them with alcohol, particularly while on a boat.\\nOver-the-counter anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can also worsen the effects of motion sickness.\\nTips\\nAvoid those who are already sea sick. The sights and sounds of their discomfort could trigger you.\\nAdd distractions while you're on a boat—listen to music or use aromatherapy scents, such as mint, ginger, or lavender.\\nTry not to go into the cabin. That area bobs around the most, and you often can't see outside.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Seasickness or \\\"mal de mer\\\" is a common type of motion sickness caused by a disturbance in the inner ear due to repeated motions, such as the rising and falling of a boat while on water. Common symptoms include dizziness, nausea, sweating, stomach cramps, and vomiting. Anyone can theoretically develop seasickness, but some people have a much greater sensitivity to motion due to their physiology, health status, or prescription medications they are taking. Medication can help to combat the symptoms, although there are also some practical ways of avoiding or reducing the likelihood of seasickness.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Natural Remedies\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be careful what you eat and drink before going on a boat.\", \"描述\": \"Before boarding any boat, big or small, try to avoid consuming things that are likely to make your seasickness and nausea worse. This includes things like alcohol, caffeine, fatty foods, and spicy foods. Heavy, greasy meals contribute to the development of nausea, which will be worsened by the motion on the water. That being said, it's important not to travel/sail on an empty stomach either. Focus on drinking lots of purified water and eating small portions of low-fat, bland, starchy foods, such as crackers, low-acid fruit, and unseasoned vegetables.\\nSea sickness most commonly affects children (ages 2-12), pregnant or menstruating women, and migraine sufferers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a seat associated with the least motion.\", \"描述\": \"When booking travel on a cruise ship or boarding any other decent-sized boat, try to get a berth or seat as close to the center point of the vessel as possible, because that area will experience the least amount of motion. Also try to get as close to the water as possible because the further away you get from the surface (the top decks of cruise ships, for example), the more motion you'll experience. In addition, try to seat yourself facing the direction of travel because you'll feel better orientated.\\nSeasickness symptoms arise due to conflicting sensory information between the inner ear, eyes, and brain. In essence, your brain thinks it's moving more than it actually is.\\nSailing on large cruise ships doesn't pose as many problems for people because of their relative lack of bobbing motion and use of automated stabilizers.\\nTo acclimate yourself aboard a cruise ship, it's best to spend some time out on a lower deck, using the horizon as a point to maintain your equilibrium.\\nHaving a window to look out will also give you a view of the horizon point.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't read while on a boat.\", \"描述\": \"Just like reading while riding in a car, reading on a boat can increase your risk of getting sea sick. When your eyes are focused on a still object right in front of you, the rocking motions of the boat will send a conflicting message to your brain, causing disorientation and nausea. To avoid this, don’t read books or magazines, look at your phone, or use a laptop or tablet while on a boat if you're sensitive to seasickness. Instead, keep your gaze fixed on the horizon or on another fixed point in the distance until your inner ears and brain better synchronize with each other in terms of movement.\\nIf you're very sensitive to seasickness but enjoy cruising, then book only port-intensive cruises with lots of stops and fewer days on the rougher open seas.\\nConsider reading prior to getting on a boat because it can make you drowsy and more prone to sleep. Sleeping on a boat, if that's appropriate, can negate the effects of seasickness.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wear a specially designed wrist band.\", \"描述\": \"Some people find that acupressure can help relieve symptoms of sea sickness—especially pressure on the “P6 point” near the wrist. Buy a sea sickness bracelet that puts pressure on this point or gently massage your own wrist to relieve your symptoms. The P6 point is about 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the crease of your wrist and is associated with controlling or reducing nausea. You can buy sea sickness bracelets or wrist bands for this purpose online, in a pharmacy, or at many travel stores.\\nA new FDA-approved device for motion sickness, called the ReliefBand, uses a weak electrical current to stimulate the P6 point.\\nAlternatively, try simply stimulating the P6 point with your thumb when you begin to feel nauseous and see how it works.\\nClinical trials have yielded mixed results concerning the value of acupressure in general, so your results may differ significantly from others’.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Try taking some ginger.\", \"描述\": \"Eating ginger is an old home remedy for nausea. Ginger spice is made from the root of the ginger plant—it has a pungent and zesty flavor. Ginger has a long history of being very effective in alleviating many types of gastrointestinal symptoms. Taking ginger may reduce the symptoms of motion sickness, such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.\\nMedicinally, ginger is most commonly taken as a capsule (dried), but eating it fresh or pickled works also. You can also eat ginger chews or candies or sip ginger tea.\\nTake between 1 to 2 grams of ginger at least 30 minutes before boarding a boat in order to avoid or minimize nausea.\\nSome studies suggest that ginger may be particularly effective in relieving nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, and it is safer than many anti-nausea medications.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Medications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try over-the-counter antihistamines.\", \"描述\": \"Antihistamines are a common remedy for sea sickness and other forms of motion sickness, and they’re easy to get in most drug stores. Antihistamines work by influencing the part of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting. The most common ones used for sea sickness include dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), cyclizine (Marezine), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), promethazine (Phenergan), and meclizine (Antivert).\\nNon-sedating antihistamines appear to be less effective, and besides, you may actually want to sleep your time away while on a boat. Promethazine causes the most sleepiness, whereas meclizine (also used to treat vertigo) is less sedating and can be taken as a single daily dose.\\nThese medications are most effective when taken prior to boarding a boat and less effective for symptom relief after the sea sickness has begun.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask your doctor about prescription anticholinergics.\", \"描述\": \"Anticholinergics are another class of drugs commonly used to combat motion sickness. They work by slowing down the messages related to the involuntary nervous system that go back and forth between the brain, inner ears, and eyes. Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop) is the best-known anticholinergic and is available as a skin patch meant to be applied behind your ear at least 4 hours before boarding a boat. Its effectiveness for nausea prevention can last for up to 3 days.\\nCommon side effects of scopolamine are the same as those of antihistamines (drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, and confusion).\\nIn rare cases, these medications can cause more severe side effects, such as hallucinations, paranoia, or eye problems. Talk to your doctor about your health history and any other medications you are currently taking, since this can affect whether anticholinergics are safe for you.\\nOther prescription medications sometimes used to manage sea sickness include: antidopaminergics (promethazine and metoclopramide), amphetamines, and benzodiazepines (Xanax and Valium).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask your doctor what drugs may cause or worsen nausea.\", \"描述\": \"Some prescription drugs commonly cause nausea in sensitive users, so it's important to realize if yours are on that list. If they are and you're planning on a cruise or just going boating for the day, ask your doctor if you can discontinue or reduce the dose over the short-term. For example, some antidepressants, oral contraceptives, antibiotics (erythromycin), anti-parasitics, and narcotics (codeine) are known to worsen nausea. However, never change doses of prescription medication without your doctor's approval.\\nIf you are taking prescription medications, avoid mixing them with alcohol, particularly while on a boat.\\nOver-the-counter anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, can also worsen the effects of motion sickness.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Avoid those who are already sea sick. The sights and sounds of their discomfort could trigger you.\\n\", \"Add distractions while you're on a boat—listen to music or use aromatherapy scents, such as mint, ginger, or lavender.\\n\", \"Try not to go into the cabin. That area bobs around the most, and you often can't see outside.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,183 | How to Avoid Self Incrimination | 1. Avoiding Self-Incrimination Before Arrest
1-1. Get an attorney.
The best thing you could do is get an attorney. If you were involved in a criminal incident, in any way, then you should talk to an attorney, even before the police come knocking on your door. Ask the attorney how you can best protect your rights and get a phone number where you can reach him or her if you are arrested.
You can find a criminal defense attorney by contacting your local or state bar association and asking for a referral.
You could also talk to people in your community who have used criminal defense attorneys. However, you might want to hesitate so that no one in the community knows that you were connected in any way with the criminal incident.
1-2. Refuse to talk to police.
Police might contact you because a witness at the scene of the crime saw you there. The police might not think you are a suspect. Nevertheless, anything you say can later be used against you in court, whether you are a suspect or not.
Unless you are absolutely innocent, then you should refer the police to your lawyer. You are not required to answer any police questions.
In some states, you must identify yourself if you are stopped by the police. For example, in Ohio, you must provide your name, address, and date of birth to a police officer when asked. Do not answer any other questions.
1-3. Ignore promises made by the police.
In order to get you to talk, the police might say all kinds of things. For example, they might promise not to use a statement that you make against you. Or they might say, “Hey, you aren’t a suspect, so you have nothing to worry about. Just talk to us and this will go away.” These are empty promises.
The police do not decide what statements can be used later in a prosecution. The prosecutor will decide what evidence to present to a jury. You should never listen to the police when they try to tell you what will happen in the future.
Police are allowed to lie to you. For example, a police officer can say that they have fingerprints and DNA evidence that tie you to the crime. The police can lie in the hopes that you will confess. Always refer the police to your lawyer no matter what they say.
You might feel pressured to talk because you just want this whole situation to go away. However, you cannot argue your way out of being investigated or suspected of committing a crime. If you talk, all you potentially do is dig a hole for yourself.
1-4. Don’t talk about the incident with others.
Any statement you make to other people can also be introduced at trial. For this reason, you shouldn’t talk to other people about any criminal incident you were involved in.
Keep a low profile. Your friends might start calling or stopping by, wanting to know what happened. You need to ignore them as best you can.
2. Avoiding Self-Incrimination After Arrest
2-1. Listen to your Miranda rights.
The Supreme Court requires that police give the four warnings before questioning you. They only have to give these warnings if you are in custody. Remember, however, that any statement made, even when not in custody, can be used against you. The four Miranda warnings are:
You have the right to remain silent.
Anything you say can and will be used against you in court.
You have the right to a lawyer.
If you can’t afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you.
2-2. Say you don’t want to talk to the police.
You have to make an explicit request: “I don’t want to talk to you.” You can’t just sit there silently. Without an explicit request, the police can continue to question you.
The police can also come back after a certain amount of time and ask if you want to talk (unless you requested a lawyer, in which case they can’t re-engage you). You will have to continue to repeat that you don’t want to talk to the police.
2-3. Request a lawyer.
After stating that you want to remain silent, request a lawyer. You need to be explicit. Don’t just nod your head when the officer says you have the right to a lawyer. Also don’t request a probation officer. Instead, you should say, “I want to talk to an attorney.” When you request a lawyer, the police must stop all questioning.
The right to a lawyer is a separate right from the right to remain silent. You need to say both. If all you say is, “I don’t want to talk to you,” then the police do not have to interpret that as a request for a lawyer.
If you have a lawyer, then you should be able to make a phone call to talk to him or her. If you can’t reach your lawyer, then call a family member. Tell them where you are located.
If you can’t afford a lawyer, then you will need a public defender. You might have to wait days, until your arraignment, before you meet with the public defender.
2-4. Avoid chatting with the police.
After you request a lawyer, the police can’t approach you to start up questioning again. However, if you reach out to them and start talking about the incident, then they may start questioning you again. For this reason, you should limit what you say to the police.
You can ask for food or water or to use the bathroom, but that’s it. Don’t engage in small talk with the police.
If an officer approaches you to talk, repeat that you don’t want to talk and that you want to meet with a lawyer.
3. Getting Statements Thrown Out of Court
3-1. Talk with your lawyer about your interrogation.
You might have confessed or made incriminating statements to the police. However, you might be able to prevent the prosecutor from introducing those statements in court. Generally, you can “suppress” the statements if the police made mistakes while questioning you. For example, you could get the statements suppressed if the police made any of the following mistakes:
The police physically coerced you to confess. Any physical coercion is generally prohibited. The more coercive the touching—such as slapping or punching—then the easier it will be to prove that your statements weren’t voluntary. However, even slight touching, such as grabbing your wrist, could be coercive.
The police denied you food or water, or otherwise made you very uncomfortable. A court will throw out the statements if the “totality of the circumstances” leads them to believe the interrogation was coercive. Coercion is more than physical coercion. It can also include making you physically uncomfortable. Other factors include your age and intelligence.
The police didn’t read you all of your Miranda warnings.
3-2. Bring a motion to suppress.
You can get any incriminating statements thrown out of court by bringing a motion to suppress. In order to win the motion, you have to identify that the police did something wrong when they interrogated you.
Your lawyer must draft the motion and file it in court. In federal court, and in many state courts, you have to file this motion before trial.
Your lawyer might not want to draft the motion. Motions usually take a lot of time to write, and your lawyer might be pressed for time. Nevertheless, your lawyer needs to draft and file a motion to suppress. If he or she doesn’t, then you did not preserve the issue for a possible appeal.
3-3. Have your lawyer argue the motion.
The prosecutor will be allowed to respond to the motion and then the judge will schedule a time to hear argument. If you win, then the prosecutor cannot use your incriminating statements in their case.
The outcome of the motion might influence whether you want to testify. Talk about this with your lawyer. For example, your incriminating statements might have been the only real proof the prosecutor had that you were at the crime scene. If the statements are suppressed, then you might not want to testify at trial.
3-4. Raise the issue on appeal.
If you are convicted, then you can appeal your conviction to a higher court. In your appeal, you point out any mistakes you think the judge made. One error might be the judge’s refusal to suppress your statements. If you win your appeal, you can get a new trial.
With luck, your trial lawyer filed a pre-trial motion to suppress. If not, then the appellate court will review the judge’s decision only under the “plain error” standard. This means the error must have been obvious and probably led to your conviction.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Self-Incrimination Before Arrest\\n1-1. Get an attorney.\\nThe best thing you could do is get an attorney. If you were involved in a criminal incident, in any way, then you should talk to an attorney, even before the police come knocking on your door. Ask the attorney how you can best protect your rights and get a phone number where you can reach him or her if you are arrested.\\nYou can find a criminal defense attorney by contacting your local or state bar association and asking for a referral.\\nYou could also talk to people in your community who have used criminal defense attorneys. However, you might want to hesitate so that no one in the community knows that you were connected in any way with the criminal incident.\\n1-2. Refuse to talk to police.\\nPolice might contact you because a witness at the scene of the crime saw you there. The police might not think you are a suspect. Nevertheless, anything you say can later be used against you in court, whether you are a suspect or not. \\nUnless you are absolutely innocent, then you should refer the police to your lawyer. You are not required to answer any police questions.\\nIn some states, you must identify yourself if you are stopped by the police. For example, in Ohio, you must provide your name, address, and date of birth to a police officer when asked. Do not answer any other questions.\\n1-3. Ignore promises made by the police.\\nIn order to get you to talk, the police might say all kinds of things. For example, they might promise not to use a statement that you make against you. Or they might say, “Hey, you aren’t a suspect, so you have nothing to worry about. Just talk to us and this will go away.” These are empty promises. \\nThe police do not decide what statements can be used later in a prosecution. The prosecutor will decide what evidence to present to a jury. You should never listen to the police when they try to tell you what will happen in the future.\\nPolice are allowed to lie to you. For example, a police officer can say that they have fingerprints and DNA evidence that tie you to the crime. The police can lie in the hopes that you will confess. Always refer the police to your lawyer no matter what they say.\\nYou might feel pressured to talk because you just want this whole situation to go away. However, you cannot argue your way out of being investigated or suspected of committing a crime. If you talk, all you potentially do is dig a hole for yourself.\\n1-4. Don’t talk about the incident with others.\\nAny statement you make to other people can also be introduced at trial. For this reason, you shouldn’t talk to other people about any criminal incident you were involved in.\\nKeep a low profile. Your friends might start calling or stopping by, wanting to know what happened. You need to ignore them as best you can.\\n2. Avoiding Self-Incrimination After Arrest\\n2-1. Listen to your Miranda rights.\\nThe Supreme Court requires that police give the four warnings before questioning you. They only have to give these warnings if you are in custody. Remember, however, that any statement made, even when not in custody, can be used against you. The four Miranda warnings are:\\nYou have the right to remain silent.\\nAnything you say can and will be used against you in court.\\nYou have the right to a lawyer.\\nIf you can’t afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you.\\n2-2. Say you don’t want to talk to the police.\\nYou have to make an explicit request: “I don’t want to talk to you.” You can’t just sit there silently. Without an explicit request, the police can continue to question you.\\nThe police can also come back after a certain amount of time and ask if you want to talk (unless you requested a lawyer, in which case they can’t re-engage you). You will have to continue to repeat that you don’t want to talk to the police.\\n2-3. Request a lawyer.\\nAfter stating that you want to remain silent, request a lawyer. You need to be explicit. Don’t just nod your head when the officer says you have the right to a lawyer. Also don’t request a probation officer. Instead, you should say, “I want to talk to an attorney.” When you request a lawyer, the police must stop all questioning. \\nThe right to a lawyer is a separate right from the right to remain silent. You need to say both. If all you say is, “I don’t want to talk to you,” then the police do not have to interpret that as a request for a lawyer.\\nIf you have a lawyer, then you should be able to make a phone call to talk to him or her. If you can’t reach your lawyer, then call a family member. Tell them where you are located.\\nIf you can’t afford a lawyer, then you will need a public defender. You might have to wait days, until your arraignment, before you meet with the public defender.\\n2-4. Avoid chatting with the police.\\nAfter you request a lawyer, the police can’t approach you to start up questioning again. However, if you reach out to them and start talking about the incident, then they may start questioning you again. For this reason, you should limit what you say to the police.\\nYou can ask for food or water or to use the bathroom, but that’s it. Don’t engage in small talk with the police.\\nIf an officer approaches you to talk, repeat that you don’t want to talk and that you want to meet with a lawyer.\\n3. Getting Statements Thrown Out of Court\\n3-1. Talk with your lawyer about your interrogation.\\nYou might have confessed or made incriminating statements to the police. However, you might be able to prevent the prosecutor from introducing those statements in court. Generally, you can “suppress” the statements if the police made mistakes while questioning you. For example, you could get the statements suppressed if the police made any of the following mistakes:\\nThe police physically coerced you to confess. Any physical coercion is generally prohibited. The more coercive the touching—such as slapping or punching—then the easier it will be to prove that your statements weren’t voluntary. However, even slight touching, such as grabbing your wrist, could be coercive.\\nThe police denied you food or water, or otherwise made you very uncomfortable. A court will throw out the statements if the “totality of the circumstances” leads them to believe the interrogation was coercive. Coercion is more than physical coercion. It can also include making you physically uncomfortable. Other factors include your age and intelligence.\\nThe police didn’t read you all of your Miranda warnings.\\n3-2. Bring a motion to suppress.\\nYou can get any incriminating statements thrown out of court by bringing a motion to suppress. In order to win the motion, you have to identify that the police did something wrong when they interrogated you. \\nYour lawyer must draft the motion and file it in court. In federal court, and in many state courts, you have to file this motion before trial.\\nYour lawyer might not want to draft the motion. Motions usually take a lot of time to write, and your lawyer might be pressed for time. Nevertheless, your lawyer needs to draft and file a motion to suppress. If he or she doesn’t, then you did not preserve the issue for a possible appeal.\\n3-3. Have your lawyer argue the motion.\\nThe prosecutor will be allowed to respond to the motion and then the judge will schedule a time to hear argument. If you win, then the prosecutor cannot use your incriminating statements in their case.\\nThe outcome of the motion might influence whether you want to testify. Talk about this with your lawyer. For example, your incriminating statements might have been the only real proof the prosecutor had that you were at the crime scene. If the statements are suppressed, then you might not want to testify at trial.\\n3-4. Raise the issue on appeal.\\nIf you are convicted, then you can appeal your conviction to a higher court. In your appeal, you point out any mistakes you think the judge made. One error might be the judge’s refusal to suppress your statements. If you win your appeal, you can get a new trial.\\nWith luck, your trial lawyer filed a pre-trial motion to suppress. If not, then the appellate court will review the judge’s decision only under the “plain error” standard. This means the error must have been obvious and probably led to your conviction.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In the United States, you have a Constitutional right not to testify against yourself. The Fifth Amendment reads, “No person….shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself.” This means that you don’t have to testify in court as a defendant. It also means that you don’t have to talk to the police. You must be careful to avoid self-incrimination. Any statement you make, at any time, could potentially be introduced at trial. This includes statements you make when you are not yet a suspect.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Self-Incrimination Before Arrest\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an attorney.\", \"描述\": \"The best thing you could do is get an attorney. If you were involved in a criminal incident, in any way, then you should talk to an attorney, even before the police come knocking on your door. Ask the attorney how you can best protect your rights and get a phone number where you can reach him or her if you are arrested.\\nYou can find a criminal defense attorney by contacting your local or state bar association and asking for a referral.\\nYou could also talk to people in your community who have used criminal defense attorneys. However, you might want to hesitate so that no one in the community knows that you were connected in any way with the criminal incident.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Refuse to talk to police.\", \"描述\": \"Police might contact you because a witness at the scene of the crime saw you there. The police might not think you are a suspect. Nevertheless, anything you say can later be used against you in court, whether you are a suspect or not. \\nUnless you are absolutely innocent, then you should refer the police to your lawyer. You are not required to answer any police questions.\\nIn some states, you must identify yourself if you are stopped by the police. For example, in Ohio, you must provide your name, address, and date of birth to a police officer when asked. Do not answer any other questions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ignore promises made by the police.\", \"描述\": \"In order to get you to talk, the police might say all kinds of things. For example, they might promise not to use a statement that you make against you. Or they might say, “Hey, you aren’t a suspect, so you have nothing to worry about. Just talk to us and this will go away.” These are empty promises. \\nThe police do not decide what statements can be used later in a prosecution. The prosecutor will decide what evidence to present to a jury. You should never listen to the police when they try to tell you what will happen in the future.\\nPolice are allowed to lie to you. For example, a police officer can say that they have fingerprints and DNA evidence that tie you to the crime. The police can lie in the hopes that you will confess. Always refer the police to your lawyer no matter what they say.\\nYou might feel pressured to talk because you just want this whole situation to go away. However, you cannot argue your way out of being investigated or suspected of committing a crime. If you talk, all you potentially do is dig a hole for yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don’t talk about the incident with others.\", \"描述\": \"Any statement you make to other people can also be introduced at trial. For this reason, you shouldn’t talk to other people about any criminal incident you were involved in.\\nKeep a low profile. Your friends might start calling or stopping by, wanting to know what happened. You need to ignore them as best you can.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Self-Incrimination After Arrest\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Listen to your Miranda rights.\", \"描述\": \"The Supreme Court requires that police give the four warnings before questioning you. They only have to give these warnings if you are in custody. Remember, however, that any statement made, even when not in custody, can be used against you. The four Miranda warnings are:\\nYou have the right to remain silent.\\nAnything you say can and will be used against you in court.\\nYou have the right to a lawyer.\\nIf you can’t afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Say you don’t want to talk to the police.\", \"描述\": \"You have to make an explicit request: “I don’t want to talk to you.” You can’t just sit there silently. Without an explicit request, the police can continue to question you.\\nThe police can also come back after a certain amount of time and ask if you want to talk (unless you requested a lawyer, in which case they can’t re-engage you). You will have to continue to repeat that you don’t want to talk to the police.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Request a lawyer.\", \"描述\": \"After stating that you want to remain silent, request a lawyer. You need to be explicit. Don’t just nod your head when the officer says you have the right to a lawyer. Also don’t request a probation officer. Instead, you should say, “I want to talk to an attorney.” When you request a lawyer, the police must stop all questioning. \\nThe right to a lawyer is a separate right from the right to remain silent. You need to say both. If all you say is, “I don’t want to talk to you,” then the police do not have to interpret that as a request for a lawyer.\\nIf you have a lawyer, then you should be able to make a phone call to talk to him or her. If you can’t reach your lawyer, then call a family member. Tell them where you are located.\\nIf you can’t afford a lawyer, then you will need a public defender. You might have to wait days, until your arraignment, before you meet with the public defender.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid chatting with the police.\", \"描述\": \"After you request a lawyer, the police can’t approach you to start up questioning again. However, if you reach out to them and start talking about the incident, then they may start questioning you again. For this reason, you should limit what you say to the police.\\nYou can ask for food or water or to use the bathroom, but that’s it. Don’t engage in small talk with the police.\\nIf an officer approaches you to talk, repeat that you don’t want to talk and that you want to meet with a lawyer.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Statements Thrown Out of Court\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk with your lawyer about your interrogation.\", \"描述\": \"You might have confessed or made incriminating statements to the police. However, you might be able to prevent the prosecutor from introducing those statements in court. Generally, you can “suppress” the statements if the police made mistakes while questioning you. For example, you could get the statements suppressed if the police made any of the following mistakes:\\nThe police physically coerced you to confess. Any physical coercion is generally prohibited. The more coercive the touching—such as slapping or punching—then the easier it will be to prove that your statements weren’t voluntary. However, even slight touching, such as grabbing your wrist, could be coercive.\\nThe police denied you food or water, or otherwise made you very uncomfortable. A court will throw out the statements if the “totality of the circumstances” leads them to believe the interrogation was coercive. Coercion is more than physical coercion. It can also include making you physically uncomfortable. Other factors include your age and intelligence.\\nThe police didn’t read you all of your Miranda warnings.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Bring a motion to suppress.\", \"描述\": \"You can get any incriminating statements thrown out of court by bringing a motion to suppress. In order to win the motion, you have to identify that the police did something wrong when they interrogated you. \\nYour lawyer must draft the motion and file it in court. In federal court, and in many state courts, you have to file this motion before trial.\\nYour lawyer might not want to draft the motion. Motions usually take a lot of time to write, and your lawyer might be pressed for time. Nevertheless, your lawyer needs to draft and file a motion to suppress. If he or she doesn’t, then you did not preserve the issue for a possible appeal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have your lawyer argue the motion.\", \"描述\": \"The prosecutor will be allowed to respond to the motion and then the judge will schedule a time to hear argument. If you win, then the prosecutor cannot use your incriminating statements in their case.\\nThe outcome of the motion might influence whether you want to testify. Talk about this with your lawyer. For example, your incriminating statements might have been the only real proof the prosecutor had that you were at the crime scene. If the statements are suppressed, then you might not want to testify at trial.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Raise the issue on appeal.\", \"描述\": \"If you are convicted, then you can appeal your conviction to a higher court. In your appeal, you point out any mistakes you think the judge made. One error might be the judge’s refusal to suppress your statements. If you win your appeal, you can get a new trial.\\nWith luck, your trial lawyer filed a pre-trial motion to suppress. If not, then the appellate court will review the judge’s decision only under the “plain error” standard. This means the error must have been obvious and probably led to your conviction.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,184 | How to Avoid Self Plagiarism | 1. Writing Original Work
1-1. Avoid submitting the same paper to different instructors.
In an academic setting, you should never recycle an old paper without making significant changes. Not only will you risk not receiving credit for the assignment, but you will not learn anything new.
If you submit a recycled paper through a plagiarism detecting program like turnitin.com, it will likely show up as plagiarized.
1-2. Review your existing work on a topic before writing a new text.
This is similar to researching a topic before writing your own take on it. By looking over your work beforehand, you avoid writing a new text only to discover that you've accidentally duplicated ideas or passages from a previous work.
If you're writing about strongly held views, it's easy to accidentally duplicate your previous writing. Don't beat yourself up over it. Instead, be proactive.
Treat your own work the same way you do someone else's.
1-3. Avoid copying and pasting from one paper to another.
While it might make writing your new paper easier, this is a sure fire way to self plagiarize. Never copy and paste passages from an old paper, even if you think you can significantly edit them. Your material will still be too similar.
1-4. Talk to your instructor before using previous work in an academic setting.
Your instructor can help you find a new direction for your ideas if you want to revisit a previous paper. Expanding on your existing work can be a great way to grow academically, but you need to show significant development. Your instructor can help you decide how to accomplish this goal.
Improving on ideas is a purpose for academic writing, even if those ideas are your own.
By making your instructor aware of your previous work, you can ensure that you show enough development on your ideas to receive full credit for the assignment.
It's best to check with both your current instructor and the previous instructor before reusing part of a paper.
1-5. Use your previous writing as support for new ideas, not in place of them.
Most of the text you're writing should be new, original writing. The ideas you incorporate from your previous work should act as support for the new ideas, not the bulk of the new paper. This is similar to how you use someone else's ideas. They can provide background information on the topic or support for a new point you are making.
For example, you may use a quote from a previous paper as support in a body paragraph. You may include one or two sentences from your prior work within one paragraph.
Alternatively, you may use a previous essay you wrote as a launching place for your latest paper. Briefly explain your prior work to the reader, but let this work stand on its own.
1-6. Recognize the difference between self plagiarizing and having a voice.
Every writer will develop their own voice and style to the extent that regular readers may be able to spot their favorite writer's work. Even if you are a beginning writer, you may have already developed your own voice that comes through. This means your writing may sound similar across several papers even though you aren't recycling your ideas.
If you're worried that you may have self plagiarized, review the text to see if the ideas you present are similar to your previous work or if your phrasing is similar. You may just have your own style of writing.
2. Making Significant Changes to Your Work
2-1. Reframe your ideas to fit a different purpose, audience, or topic.
If you are passionate about a topic, you may be able to reuse ideas discussed in a previous paper if you change the way you present them. This could mean writing about the same topic for different subject areas, different levels of experience, or different perspectives. You may also be able to adapt your ideas across topics, making them fresh.
For example, you may be able to submit a paper to a history class about the history of the black plague in Europe, and then reuse some of your ideas when writing about the spread of disease for a science class.
Similarly, you could rewrite ideas from a scholarly article that you wrote to make it more appropriate for a blog audience.
2-2. Expand on your previous ideas.
If you do incorporate your old ideas, make sure that you add something that is new and different. Your reader expects to encounter something new and different, so keep that in mind.
Make a new interpretation of your old ideas, or take them one step forward. For example, add a new conclusion or take a new stance.
Consider your old ideas as background information rather than the main part of your text.
Minimize how much of your old work you include in a new text.
2-3. Explain how your current ideas build on or differ from previous ideas.
Not only will this help your reader understand which parts of the text are new, it will also help you ensure that your current work does not self plagiarize. You can do this similarly to how you explain quotes, paraphrases, or summaries from work done by others.
Include your explanation in your commentary.
2-4. Avoid reusing data, as it could confuse readers.
When you reuse data without telling the reader that it's from a previous study, it makes it appear as though multiple studies were completed. This suggests that you've gotten results from multiple sample groups, which is misleading and dishonest.
Always state the original study you got your data from, even if it was your work. If you have made new conclusions on existing data, make it clear to the reader that you are using the same data as you previously used.
3. Referencing Your Previous Work
3-1. State where your work has been previously submitted or published if applicable.
In some cases, it may be acceptable for you to reuse a text. For example, your instructor may be willing to accept previous work, or a blog post you've written may be published on two sites. However, you need to let the reader know that this is not the first time you're using this text.
If you're posting the same article in multiple places, you may include a short statement at the end. You could write something like, “This article has also appeared on the website “Life Beauty.”
If you're turning in an assignment, ask your teacher if they'd like you to add a formal statement to the paper or if a verbal statement is enough.
3-2. Put quotation marks around direct quotes from your previous texts.
You should also state that you are the author of the quote and where it first appeared.
You could write the following: As I show in "The Effects of Music on Butterflies," "Butterflies follow a specific cadence when exposed to various styles of music.”
If your quote is more than 2 sentences long or your style guide requires it, set it off in its own block of text.
3-3. Use a lead-in that identifies your original work when summarizing or paraphrasing.
This lets your reader know where they can find your original ideas and which parts of your work are new versus which are recycled. Often, your lead-in just needs to be a dependent clause before your main statement. However, you can include a sentence-long lead-in if you think it's appropriate.
For example, you could write: In my paper "The Effects of Music on Butterflies," I identified a connection between Beethoven and flight patterns that was not present with other classical music.
A longer lead-in be good for longer paraphrases or for when you need to briefly introduce your previous work.
3-4. Include a citation formatted for the writing style you're using.
When you use a quote, paraphrase, or summary, you need to ensure that you've properly cited it. For example, you may need to include your last name and page number, depending on the formatting style you're using. Cite your own work just as you would another person's.
MLA format is often used for language classes, arts, and the humanities.
APA format is common for subjects like psychology, political science, history, and economics.
Chicago Manual format is used for subjects like architecture, planning, and sometimes journalism.
CSE is commonly used for science texts.
3-5. Get permission from the copyright holder if necessary.
If you have published your work, such as in a journal or on a website, then the publisher will need to give you permission to reuse ideas from that piece. Otherwise, you may inadvertently infringe on the copyright, which could put you and your new publisher in a bind.
You should also avoid submitting to multiple publications unless it's expected in your field.
Get permission before you show your new work to other people, especially an editor.
Make sure you tell the copyright holder how you plan to use the original text in your new work.
Tips
If you are enrolled in an academic course that uses a plagiarism checker like turnitin.com, your original work will likely trigger the site's plagiarism detector. This is especially true if you've already submitted that paper through the service.
If you are submitting your work for publication, keep track of where you've sent it to and how they responded so that you don't accidentally publish the same piece twice.
Remember that your reader expects something new from your work, so don't duplicate too much of your previous work.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Writing Original Work\\n1-1. Avoid submitting the same paper to different instructors.\\nIn an academic setting, you should never recycle an old paper without making significant changes. Not only will you risk not receiving credit for the assignment, but you will not learn anything new.\\nIf you submit a recycled paper through a plagiarism detecting program like turnitin.com, it will likely show up as plagiarized.\\n1-2. Review your existing work on a topic before writing a new text.\\nThis is similar to researching a topic before writing your own take on it. By looking over your work beforehand, you avoid writing a new text only to discover that you've accidentally duplicated ideas or passages from a previous work.\\nIf you're writing about strongly held views, it's easy to accidentally duplicate your previous writing. Don't beat yourself up over it. Instead, be proactive.\\nTreat your own work the same way you do someone else's.\\n1-3. Avoid copying and pasting from one paper to another.\\nWhile it might make writing your new paper easier, this is a sure fire way to self plagiarize. Never copy and paste passages from an old paper, even if you think you can significantly edit them. Your material will still be too similar.\\n1-4. Talk to your instructor before using previous work in an academic setting.\\nYour instructor can help you find a new direction for your ideas if you want to revisit a previous paper. Expanding on your existing work can be a great way to grow academically, but you need to show significant development. Your instructor can help you decide how to accomplish this goal.\\nImproving on ideas is a purpose for academic writing, even if those ideas are your own.\\nBy making your instructor aware of your previous work, you can ensure that you show enough development on your ideas to receive full credit for the assignment.\\nIt's best to check with both your current instructor and the previous instructor before reusing part of a paper.\\n1-5. Use your previous writing as support for new ideas, not in place of them.\\nMost of the text you're writing should be new, original writing. The ideas you incorporate from your previous work should act as support for the new ideas, not the bulk of the new paper. This is similar to how you use someone else's ideas. They can provide background information on the topic or support for a new point you are making.\\nFor example, you may use a quote from a previous paper as support in a body paragraph. You may include one or two sentences from your prior work within one paragraph.\\nAlternatively, you may use a previous essay you wrote as a launching place for your latest paper. Briefly explain your prior work to the reader, but let this work stand on its own.\\n1-6. Recognize the difference between self plagiarizing and having a voice.\\nEvery writer will develop their own voice and style to the extent that regular readers may be able to spot their favorite writer's work. Even if you are a beginning writer, you may have already developed your own voice that comes through. This means your writing may sound similar across several papers even though you aren't recycling your ideas.\\nIf you're worried that you may have self plagiarized, review the text to see if the ideas you present are similar to your previous work or if your phrasing is similar. You may just have your own style of writing.\\n2. Making Significant Changes to Your Work\\n2-1. Reframe your ideas to fit a different purpose, audience, or topic.\\nIf you are passionate about a topic, you may be able to reuse ideas discussed in a previous paper if you change the way you present them. This could mean writing about the same topic for different subject areas, different levels of experience, or different perspectives. You may also be able to adapt your ideas across topics, making them fresh.\\nFor example, you may be able to submit a paper to a history class about the history of the black plague in Europe, and then reuse some of your ideas when writing about the spread of disease for a science class.\\nSimilarly, you could rewrite ideas from a scholarly article that you wrote to make it more appropriate for a blog audience.\\n2-2. Expand on your previous ideas.\\nIf you do incorporate your old ideas, make sure that you add something that is new and different. Your reader expects to encounter something new and different, so keep that in mind.\\nMake a new interpretation of your old ideas, or take them one step forward. For example, add a new conclusion or take a new stance.\\nConsider your old ideas as background information rather than the main part of your text.\\nMinimize how much of your old work you include in a new text.\\n2-3. Explain how your current ideas build on or differ from previous ideas.\\nNot only will this help your reader understand which parts of the text are new, it will also help you ensure that your current work does not self plagiarize. You can do this similarly to how you explain quotes, paraphrases, or summaries from work done by others.\\nInclude your explanation in your commentary.\\n2-4. Avoid reusing data, as it could confuse readers.\\nWhen you reuse data without telling the reader that it's from a previous study, it makes it appear as though multiple studies were completed. This suggests that you've gotten results from multiple sample groups, which is misleading and dishonest.\\nAlways state the original study you got your data from, even if it was your work. If you have made new conclusions on existing data, make it clear to the reader that you are using the same data as you previously used.\\n3. Referencing Your Previous Work\\n3-1. State where your work has been previously submitted or published if applicable.\\nIn some cases, it may be acceptable for you to reuse a text. For example, your instructor may be willing to accept previous work, or a blog post you've written may be published on two sites. However, you need to let the reader know that this is not the first time you're using this text.\\nIf you're posting the same article in multiple places, you may include a short statement at the end. You could write something like, “This article has also appeared on the website “Life Beauty.”\\nIf you're turning in an assignment, ask your teacher if they'd like you to add a formal statement to the paper or if a verbal statement is enough.\\n3-2. Put quotation marks around direct quotes from your previous texts.\\nYou should also state that you are the author of the quote and where it first appeared.\\nYou could write the following: As I show in \\\"The Effects of Music on Butterflies,\\\" \\\"Butterflies follow a specific cadence when exposed to various styles of music.”\\nIf your quote is more than 2 sentences long or your style guide requires it, set it off in its own block of text.\\n3-3. Use a lead-in that identifies your original work when summarizing or paraphrasing.\\nThis lets your reader know where they can find your original ideas and which parts of your work are new versus which are recycled. Often, your lead-in just needs to be a dependent clause before your main statement. However, you can include a sentence-long lead-in if you think it's appropriate.\\nFor example, you could write: In my paper \\\"The Effects of Music on Butterflies,\\\" I identified a connection between Beethoven and flight patterns that was not present with other classical music.\\nA longer lead-in be good for longer paraphrases or for when you need to briefly introduce your previous work.\\n3-4. Include a citation formatted for the writing style you're using.\\nWhen you use a quote, paraphrase, or summary, you need to ensure that you've properly cited it. For example, you may need to include your last name and page number, depending on the formatting style you're using. Cite your own work just as you would another person's. \\n\\nMLA format is often used for language classes, arts, and the humanities.\\nAPA format is common for subjects like psychology, political science, history, and economics.\\nChicago Manual format is used for subjects like architecture, planning, and sometimes journalism.\\nCSE is commonly used for science texts.\\n3-5. Get permission from the copyright holder if necessary.\\nIf you have published your work, such as in a journal or on a website, then the publisher will need to give you permission to reuse ideas from that piece. Otherwise, you may inadvertently infringe on the copyright, which could put you and your new publisher in a bind.\\nYou should also avoid submitting to multiple publications unless it's expected in your field.\\nGet permission before you show your new work to other people, especially an editor.\\nMake sure you tell the copyright holder how you plan to use the original text in your new work.\\nTips\\nIf you are enrolled in an academic course that uses a plagiarism checker like turnitin.com, your original work will likely trigger the site's plagiarism detector. This is especially true if you've already submitted that paper through the service.\\nIf you are submitting your work for publication, keep track of where you've sent it to and how they responded so that you don't accidentally publish the same piece twice.\\nRemember that your reader expects something new from your work, so don't duplicate too much of your previous work.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Self plagiarism can be a tricky concept. On the one hand, it may seem impossible to steal your own ideas. At the same time, however, it's dishonest to pass off old ideas as new ones. Additionally, self plagiarism can be a serious issue if you are participating in academic research, as it misrepresents when your ideas were first shared and can conflict with copyright if you publish the same passages in different journals. Fortunately, it's easy to avoid self plagiarism by writing original work, making significant changes, and properly referencing your previous work.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Writing Original Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid submitting the same paper to different instructors.\", \"描述\": \"In an academic setting, you should never recycle an old paper without making significant changes. Not only will you risk not receiving credit for the assignment, but you will not learn anything new.\\nIf you submit a recycled paper through a plagiarism detecting program like turnitin.com, it will likely show up as plagiarized.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Review your existing work on a topic before writing a new text.\", \"描述\": \"This is similar to researching a topic before writing your own take on it. By looking over your work beforehand, you avoid writing a new text only to discover that you've accidentally duplicated ideas or passages from a previous work.\\nIf you're writing about strongly held views, it's easy to accidentally duplicate your previous writing. Don't beat yourself up over it. Instead, be proactive.\\nTreat your own work the same way you do someone else's.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid copying and pasting from one paper to another.\", \"描述\": \"While it might make writing your new paper easier, this is a sure fire way to self plagiarize. Never copy and paste passages from an old paper, even if you think you can significantly edit them. Your material will still be too similar.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Talk to your instructor before using previous work in an academic setting.\", \"描述\": \"Your instructor can help you find a new direction for your ideas if you want to revisit a previous paper. Expanding on your existing work can be a great way to grow academically, but you need to show significant development. Your instructor can help you decide how to accomplish this goal.\\nImproving on ideas is a purpose for academic writing, even if those ideas are your own.\\nBy making your instructor aware of your previous work, you can ensure that you show enough development on your ideas to receive full credit for the assignment.\\nIt's best to check with both your current instructor and the previous instructor before reusing part of a paper.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use your previous writing as support for new ideas, not in place of them.\", \"描述\": \"Most of the text you're writing should be new, original writing. The ideas you incorporate from your previous work should act as support for the new ideas, not the bulk of the new paper. This is similar to how you use someone else's ideas. They can provide background information on the topic or support for a new point you are making.\\nFor example, you may use a quote from a previous paper as support in a body paragraph. You may include one or two sentences from your prior work within one paragraph.\\nAlternatively, you may use a previous essay you wrote as a launching place for your latest paper. Briefly explain your prior work to the reader, but let this work stand on its own.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Recognize the difference between self plagiarizing and having a voice.\", \"描述\": \"Every writer will develop their own voice and style to the extent that regular readers may be able to spot their favorite writer's work. Even if you are a beginning writer, you may have already developed your own voice that comes through. This means your writing may sound similar across several papers even though you aren't recycling your ideas.\\nIf you're worried that you may have self plagiarized, review the text to see if the ideas you present are similar to your previous work or if your phrasing is similar. You may just have your own style of writing.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Making Significant Changes to Your Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Reframe your ideas to fit a different purpose, audience, or topic.\", \"描述\": \"If you are passionate about a topic, you may be able to reuse ideas discussed in a previous paper if you change the way you present them. This could mean writing about the same topic for different subject areas, different levels of experience, or different perspectives. You may also be able to adapt your ideas across topics, making them fresh.\\nFor example, you may be able to submit a paper to a history class about the history of the black plague in Europe, and then reuse some of your ideas when writing about the spread of disease for a science class.\\nSimilarly, you could rewrite ideas from a scholarly article that you wrote to make it more appropriate for a blog audience.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Expand on your previous ideas.\", \"描述\": \"If you do incorporate your old ideas, make sure that you add something that is new and different. Your reader expects to encounter something new and different, so keep that in mind.\\nMake a new interpretation of your old ideas, or take them one step forward. For example, add a new conclusion or take a new stance.\\nConsider your old ideas as background information rather than the main part of your text.\\nMinimize how much of your old work you include in a new text.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Explain how your current ideas build on or differ from previous ideas.\", \"描述\": \"Not only will this help your reader understand which parts of the text are new, it will also help you ensure that your current work does not self plagiarize. You can do this similarly to how you explain quotes, paraphrases, or summaries from work done by others.\\nInclude your explanation in your commentary.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid reusing data, as it could confuse readers.\", \"描述\": \"When you reuse data without telling the reader that it's from a previous study, it makes it appear as though multiple studies were completed. This suggests that you've gotten results from multiple sample groups, which is misleading and dishonest.\\nAlways state the original study you got your data from, even if it was your work. If you have made new conclusions on existing data, make it clear to the reader that you are using the same data as you previously used.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Referencing Your Previous Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"State where your work has been previously submitted or published if applicable.\", \"描述\": \"In some cases, it may be acceptable for you to reuse a text. For example, your instructor may be willing to accept previous work, or a blog post you've written may be published on two sites. However, you need to let the reader know that this is not the first time you're using this text.\\nIf you're posting the same article in multiple places, you may include a short statement at the end. You could write something like, “This article has also appeared on the website “Life Beauty.”\\nIf you're turning in an assignment, ask your teacher if they'd like you to add a formal statement to the paper or if a verbal statement is enough.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Put quotation marks around direct quotes from your previous texts.\", \"描述\": \"You should also state that you are the author of the quote and where it first appeared.\\nYou could write the following: As I show in \\\"The Effects of Music on Butterflies,\\\" \\\"Butterflies follow a specific cadence when exposed to various styles of music.”\\nIf your quote is more than 2 sentences long or your style guide requires it, set it off in its own block of text.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a lead-in that identifies your original work when summarizing or paraphrasing.\", \"描述\": \"This lets your reader know where they can find your original ideas and which parts of your work are new versus which are recycled. Often, your lead-in just needs to be a dependent clause before your main statement. However, you can include a sentence-long lead-in if you think it's appropriate.\\nFor example, you could write: In my paper \\\"The Effects of Music on Butterflies,\\\" I identified a connection between Beethoven and flight patterns that was not present with other classical music.\\nA longer lead-in be good for longer paraphrases or for when you need to briefly introduce your previous work.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Include a citation formatted for the writing style you're using.\", \"描述\": \"When you use a quote, paraphrase, or summary, you need to ensure that you've properly cited it. For example, you may need to include your last name and page number, depending on the formatting style you're using. Cite your own work just as you would another person's. \\n\\nMLA format is often used for language classes, arts, and the humanities.\\nAPA format is common for subjects like psychology, political science, history, and economics.\\nChicago Manual format is used for subjects like architecture, planning, and sometimes journalism.\\nCSE is commonly used for science texts.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get permission from the copyright holder if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If you have published your work, such as in a journal or on a website, then the publisher will need to give you permission to reuse ideas from that piece. Otherwise, you may inadvertently infringe on the copyright, which could put you and your new publisher in a bind.\\nYou should also avoid submitting to multiple publications unless it's expected in your field.\\nGet permission before you show your new work to other people, especially an editor.\\nMake sure you tell the copyright holder how you plan to use the original text in your new work.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you are enrolled in an academic course that uses a plagiarism checker like turnitin.com, your original work will likely trigger the site's plagiarism detector. This is especially true if you've already submitted that paper through the service.\\n\", \"If you are submitting your work for publication, keep track of where you've sent it to and how they responded so that you don't accidentally publish the same piece twice.\\n\", \"Remember that your reader expects something new from your work, so don't duplicate too much of your previous work.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,185 | How to Avoid Self Sabotage when You Feel Unloved | 1. Minimizing Destructive Habits
1-1. Resist the temptation to self-medicate.
When you feel emotional pain such as rejection from a loved one, you may be drawn to practices that allow you to numb your feelings. Feeling unloved can create both anxiety and depression, and you may try to treat these uncomfortable feelings on your own by using alcohol and drugs.
Self-medication with substances may help you escape painful emotions in the short-term, but doing so can escalate into addiction, causing an even greater problem in the long-term.
Some people may also self-medicate with other practices, such as binge-eating on comfort foods, shopping excessively, or having sex with various people to numb undesirable emotions. If you notice yourself engaging in unsafe or unhealthy behaviors, reach out to a friend or a professional counselor for support.
1-2. Spend time with positive influences.
There’s a saying that you are the sum of the five people closest to you. If those near and dear to you engage in unhealthy, self-destructive behaviors like using alcohol or drugs, engaging in risky sex, or gambling, you are more prone to do the same. Carefully choosing your social group can make all the difference in the type of behaviors you do regularly.
Make the choice to remove negative influences from your life. Highlight those relationships that influence you to make positive decisions like going to work or school, setting goals, and treating your body well. If you don’t have any positive influences, open yourself up to making new friends.
If you find that some people around you are negative influences, tell them, "I'm sorry, but we're going to have to stop spending time together. I have been making unhealthy choices and I need to reevaluate many of my relationships."
1-3. Find creative outlets for pain.
Rather than turning to self-sabotaging behaviors, use your emotional pain for good by getting creative. Exercising your inner creativity can help you channel negative feelings like rejection, disappointment, or hatred into positive activities like writing, painting, music, drama or any other art form. Being creative can help you heal from feeling unloved and decrease feelings of stress or anxiety.
Use your emotional pain as a stimulus to draw a picture or write a song. Get out a fresh piece of paper and write a story. Or, you can turn on some soothing music and dance out what you are feeling inside.
1-4. Challenge negative thought patterns.
Sometimes the script running through your head all day can contribute to your mood. If you are thinking negative thoughts like “Nobody cares about me” or “I will be alone forever,” then your self-talk is steering you down a dark and depressed path. How you interpret situations and the world around you can make a big difference on how you feel. Learn to identify and challenge negative thoughts in order to stop self-sabotaging behaviors.
If you notice yourself feeling particularly low or blue, try to think back to what you have been telling yourself in your head. Your thoughts are probably negative.
For example, if you say “Nobody cares about me” because none of your friends or family called you, you can challenge the evidence surrounding this thought. Perform reality testing by asking yourself if your thoughts are facts or just your own interpretations. If you can think of one person who does seem to care for you, then you automatically cancel out the validity of the statement.
Reframe negative thoughts to make them more positive and realistic. You might say, “Sometimes, I feel like nobody cares for me. Maybe if I called my loved ones instead of waiting on them to call, I wouldn’t feel like this.”
2. Gaining a Sense of Belonging
2-1. Ask for support when you need it.
Often we might complain that no one seems to be there for us, but we don’t actually make requests of loved ones. If you are guilty of wishing friends or family would reach out to you, but never taking the initiative, it’s time to change that. Don’t expect others to read your mind. If you want company, ask for it. If you need a hug, tell someone.
You can simply say to a friend, “Jessica, I’ve been feeling very lonely and unloved lately. Can we make plans together this weekend to hang out? I could use some company?”
2-2. Look for shared similarities.
If you are always pointing out the differences between yourself and others, then you are making it hard to belong. When you stop paying attention to differences and focus on common ground, you will find more people with whom you can potentially connect.
Find your tribe by challenging yourself to get out more. Join a book club based on your favorite genre. Participate in a local Meetup of singles in your age group. Take a Pilates class at your community gym.
When you enter these social situations look for similarities between you and others. Then, point them out to start conversations. You might say, “Ooh, I love your gym bag! It matches my leggings! Where’d you get it?”
2-3. Aim for greater empathy.
Empathy is basically the ability to experience what another person is experiencing, or walking in their shoes. When you are able to adequately understand the feelings and perspectives of others, you will feel more connected to the larger whole of humanity.
Instead of simply focusing on feeling unloved, strive to show more love and compassion to others through empathy. Start by improving your listening skills. Too frequently, we listen to reply rather than understand.
When you are engaged in a conversation, orient towards the other person and make occasional eye contact. Eliminate distractions and fully focus on the other person’s message. Try to imagine what they must be feeling based on their words.
Mirror their emotional state by saying “Hmmm” or “Aww” as is appropriate. Then, summarize what you heard by saying “It sounds like you had a really rough time…” After attending to their emotions and clarifying that you received the intended message, you may share your own response.
2-4. Volunteer.
There is no better way to feel a part of the bigger picture than when you are lending a helping hand to those in need. In addition to allowing you to gain a sense of belonging, volunteering also gives you the chance to make a difference in your community. Community service also lifts your mood, helps you forge connections with others, and helps you spend your time in a meaningful way.
Overcome your feelings of rejection and being unloved by spreading love to others. Sign up at a local civic center, church, nursing home, or school to help those in need.
3. Developing Self-Worth
3-1. Identify your personal strengths.
Cultivate a positive self-worth by figuring out your best qualities. Your personal strengths are the abilities, talents, and skills you have that make you an asset to the world around you. When you know what your strengths are you have a higher self-esteem and you feel more capable of managing life’s problems.
Make a list of personal strengths that you think may be used to describe you. These may include “loyal,” “intelligent,” or “compassionate.”
If you have trouble coming up with ideas, ask a parent, teacher or close friend to give you some suggestions of strengths they see you demonstrate on a daily basis.
You might also take a survey such as the VIA Character Strengths survey. Are you creative? Curious? Loving? Humble? A quiz or survey can inspire you.
3-2. Create objective goals and work towards them.
Goal attainment is another route to developing a stronger sense of self-worth. When you feel like you are moving towards something meaningful in your future, you are less likely to sabotage your progress with destructive habits. Plus, accomplishing goals creates a domino effect that will improve your mood and relationships, too.
Set S.M.A.R.T. goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. For example, if you plan to learn a new language, you might say “I want to learn to speak intermediate Spanish within the next 6 months.” Then, you will devise a plan to reach that goal like listening to Spanish tapes, taking a course, and interacting with native Spanish-speakers.
3-3. Promote your passions.
Doing what you love can go a long way towards encouraging self-worthiness and a brighter mood overall. Think about activities you enjoy and build your days and weeks around doing them. Over time, you will notice that you are starting to live a more purposeful, happier life.
Do you like building things? Start a new DIY project to build a piece of furniture for your home. Other hobbies may include writing, archery, gardening, bowling, or graphic design. A hobby can be virtually anything, and you can increase your love of the activity by joining a group of others who do it, too. This creates a sense of belonging and worthiness to help improve your outlook on life.
Trying something new can also be helpful. Take up a brand new hobby or activity – this will get your creative juices flowing, challenge you, and teach you some new things. You may be surprised at what you learn.
3-4. Nurture your body with a proper diet and exercise.
You can enhance your self-worth through self-care. Of course, you already know that you should be consuming a balanced diet and getting regular physical activity. But, you may not know how these factors play into your perception of yourself and the world around you. When you nourish your body with healthy foods and stay active, you will feel more positive about your life and your relationships.
When you feel bad about yourself, you may eat unhealthy foods and skip the gym. Show support for your body by eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy. Drink lots of water throughout the day. Go for a walk around your local park. Throw a ball to your dog. Or, ask a friend to join you on a cycling adventure.
4. Getting Professional Help
4-1. See a therapist.
A professional mental health therapist can help you identify the source of your negative emotions and develop healthy skills to lead a more satisfying life. Your self-worth may have been jeopardized by unhealthy relationships or abuse from your past. Talking about these experiences in a unbiased and supportive context can lead to healing.
One recognized form of therapy for those who self-sabotage is dialectical behavior therapy. This treatment approach is directed at gaining a better understanding of your feelings in order to build skills that help you stop problematic behaviors. You may work with your therapist to prevent overeating, stop risky sexual activities, and establish healthy relational patterns.
Another is cognitive behavioral therapy. CBT will help you identify beliefs that fuel your self-worth. Once you identify those beliefs, you can explore their origins and validity and eventually replace them with thoughts and beliefs that are true.
4-2. Determine if you require medication for depression.
Self-sabotage is prominent in people who feel depressed but do not know how to express or improve their emotions. If feeling unloved has led to depressive symptoms, you need to see a doctor.
Depression may manifest as a loss of interest in once pleasurable activities, withdrawing from loved ones, having trouble eating or sleeping, and feeling hopeless.
A certain class of prescribed medications known as antidepressants are effective at improve depressive symptoms. This may be advisable if therapy alone does not improve your symptoms.
4-3. Take part in a support group.
Support is imperative for anyone struggling with mental illness. It's vital to build a network of health care providers and loved one who are there for you as you heal. However, meeting with other people who have gone through what you are going through can also be comforting.
Ask your mental health provider about support groups for people who are struggling with the same issues as you. Attending these groups can help you learn how others cope with feeling unloved and help you gain a sense of belonging in a supportive group.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:26",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Minimizing Destructive Habits\\n1-1. Resist the temptation to self-medicate.\\nWhen you feel emotional pain such as rejection from a loved one, you may be drawn to practices that allow you to numb your feelings. Feeling unloved can create both anxiety and depression, and you may try to treat these uncomfortable feelings on your own by using alcohol and drugs.\\nSelf-medication with substances may help you escape painful emotions in the short-term, but doing so can escalate into addiction, causing an even greater problem in the long-term.\\nSome people may also self-medicate with other practices, such as binge-eating on comfort foods, shopping excessively, or having sex with various people to numb undesirable emotions. If you notice yourself engaging in unsafe or unhealthy behaviors, reach out to a friend or a professional counselor for support.\\n1-2. Spend time with positive influences.\\nThere’s a saying that you are the sum of the five people closest to you. If those near and dear to you engage in unhealthy, self-destructive behaviors like using alcohol or drugs, engaging in risky sex, or gambling, you are more prone to do the same. Carefully choosing your social group can make all the difference in the type of behaviors you do regularly.\\nMake the choice to remove negative influences from your life. Highlight those relationships that influence you to make positive decisions like going to work or school, setting goals, and treating your body well. If you don’t have any positive influences, open yourself up to making new friends.\\nIf you find that some people around you are negative influences, tell them, \\\"I'm sorry, but we're going to have to stop spending time together. I have been making unhealthy choices and I need to reevaluate many of my relationships.\\\"\\n1-3. Find creative outlets for pain.\\nRather than turning to self-sabotaging behaviors, use your emotional pain for good by getting creative. Exercising your inner creativity can help you channel negative feelings like rejection, disappointment, or hatred into positive activities like writing, painting, music, drama or any other art form. Being creative can help you heal from feeling unloved and decrease feelings of stress or anxiety.\\nUse your emotional pain as a stimulus to draw a picture or write a song. Get out a fresh piece of paper and write a story. Or, you can turn on some soothing music and dance out what you are feeling inside.\\n1-4. Challenge negative thought patterns.\\nSometimes the script running through your head all day can contribute to your mood. If you are thinking negative thoughts like “Nobody cares about me” or “I will be alone forever,” then your self-talk is steering you down a dark and depressed path. How you interpret situations and the world around you can make a big difference on how you feel. Learn to identify and challenge negative thoughts in order to stop self-sabotaging behaviors.\\nIf you notice yourself feeling particularly low or blue, try to think back to what you have been telling yourself in your head. Your thoughts are probably negative.\\nFor example, if you say “Nobody cares about me” because none of your friends or family called you, you can challenge the evidence surrounding this thought. Perform reality testing by asking yourself if your thoughts are facts or just your own interpretations. If you can think of one person who does seem to care for you, then you automatically cancel out the validity of the statement.\\nReframe negative thoughts to make them more positive and realistic. You might say, “Sometimes, I feel like nobody cares for me. Maybe if I called my loved ones instead of waiting on them to call, I wouldn’t feel like this.”\\n2. Gaining a Sense of Belonging\\n2-1. Ask for support when you need it.\\nOften we might complain that no one seems to be there for us, but we don’t actually make requests of loved ones. If you are guilty of wishing friends or family would reach out to you, but never taking the initiative, it’s time to change that. Don’t expect others to read your mind. If you want company, ask for it. If you need a hug, tell someone.\\nYou can simply say to a friend, “Jessica, I’ve been feeling very lonely and unloved lately. Can we make plans together this weekend to hang out? I could use some company?”\\n2-2. Look for shared similarities.\\nIf you are always pointing out the differences between yourself and others, then you are making it hard to belong. When you stop paying attention to differences and focus on common ground, you will find more people with whom you can potentially connect.\\nFind your tribe by challenging yourself to get out more. Join a book club based on your favorite genre. Participate in a local Meetup of singles in your age group. Take a Pilates class at your community gym.\\nWhen you enter these social situations look for similarities between you and others. Then, point them out to start conversations. You might say, “Ooh, I love your gym bag! It matches my leggings! Where’d you get it?”\\n2-3. Aim for greater empathy.\\nEmpathy is basically the ability to experience what another person is experiencing, or walking in their shoes. When you are able to adequately understand the feelings and perspectives of others, you will feel more connected to the larger whole of humanity.\\nInstead of simply focusing on feeling unloved, strive to show more love and compassion to others through empathy. Start by improving your listening skills. Too frequently, we listen to reply rather than understand.\\nWhen you are engaged in a conversation, orient towards the other person and make occasional eye contact. Eliminate distractions and fully focus on the other person’s message. Try to imagine what they must be feeling based on their words.\\nMirror their emotional state by saying “Hmmm” or “Aww” as is appropriate. Then, summarize what you heard by saying “It sounds like you had a really rough time…” After attending to their emotions and clarifying that you received the intended message, you may share your own response.\\n2-4. Volunteer.\\nThere is no better way to feel a part of the bigger picture than when you are lending a helping hand to those in need. In addition to allowing you to gain a sense of belonging, volunteering also gives you the chance to make a difference in your community. Community service also lifts your mood, helps you forge connections with others, and helps you spend your time in a meaningful way.\\nOvercome your feelings of rejection and being unloved by spreading love to others. Sign up at a local civic center, church, nursing home, or school to help those in need.\\n3. Developing Self-Worth\\n3-1. Identify your personal strengths.\\nCultivate a positive self-worth by figuring out your best qualities. Your personal strengths are the abilities, talents, and skills you have that make you an asset to the world around you. When you know what your strengths are you have a higher self-esteem and you feel more capable of managing life’s problems.\\nMake a list of personal strengths that you think may be used to describe you. These may include “loyal,” “intelligent,” or “compassionate.”\\nIf you have trouble coming up with ideas, ask a parent, teacher or close friend to give you some suggestions of strengths they see you demonstrate on a daily basis.\\nYou might also take a survey such as the VIA Character Strengths survey. Are you creative? Curious? Loving? Humble? A quiz or survey can inspire you.\\n3-2. Create objective goals and work towards them.\\nGoal attainment is another route to developing a stronger sense of self-worth. When you feel like you are moving towards something meaningful in your future, you are less likely to sabotage your progress with destructive habits. Plus, accomplishing goals creates a domino effect that will improve your mood and relationships, too.\\n Set S.M.A.R.T. goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. For example, if you plan to learn a new language, you might say “I want to learn to speak intermediate Spanish within the next 6 months.” Then, you will devise a plan to reach that goal like listening to Spanish tapes, taking a course, and interacting with native Spanish-speakers.\\n3-3. Promote your passions.\\nDoing what you love can go a long way towards encouraging self-worthiness and a brighter mood overall. Think about activities you enjoy and build your days and weeks around doing them. Over time, you will notice that you are starting to live a more purposeful, happier life.\\nDo you like building things? Start a new DIY project to build a piece of furniture for your home. Other hobbies may include writing, archery, gardening, bowling, or graphic design. A hobby can be virtually anything, and you can increase your love of the activity by joining a group of others who do it, too. This creates a sense of belonging and worthiness to help improve your outlook on life.\\nTrying something new can also be helpful. Take up a brand new hobby or activity – this will get your creative juices flowing, challenge you, and teach you some new things. You may be surprised at what you learn.\\n3-4. Nurture your body with a proper diet and exercise.\\nYou can enhance your self-worth through self-care. Of course, you already know that you should be consuming a balanced diet and getting regular physical activity. But, you may not know how these factors play into your perception of yourself and the world around you. When you nourish your body with healthy foods and stay active, you will feel more positive about your life and your relationships.\\nWhen you feel bad about yourself, you may eat unhealthy foods and skip the gym. Show support for your body by eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy. Drink lots of water throughout the day. Go for a walk around your local park. Throw a ball to your dog. Or, ask a friend to join you on a cycling adventure.\\n4. Getting Professional Help\\n4-1. See a therapist.\\nA professional mental health therapist can help you identify the source of your negative emotions and develop healthy skills to lead a more satisfying life. Your self-worth may have been jeopardized by unhealthy relationships or abuse from your past. Talking about these experiences in a unbiased and supportive context can lead to healing.\\nOne recognized form of therapy for those who self-sabotage is dialectical behavior therapy. This treatment approach is directed at gaining a better understanding of your feelings in order to build skills that help you stop problematic behaviors. You may work with your therapist to prevent overeating, stop risky sexual activities, and establish healthy relational patterns.\\nAnother is cognitive behavioral therapy. CBT will help you identify beliefs that fuel your self-worth. Once you identify those beliefs, you can explore their origins and validity and eventually replace them with thoughts and beliefs that are true.\\n4-2. Determine if you require medication for depression.\\nSelf-sabotage is prominent in people who feel depressed but do not know how to express or improve their emotions. If feeling unloved has led to depressive symptoms, you need to see a doctor.\\nDepression may manifest as a loss of interest in once pleasurable activities, withdrawing from loved ones, having trouble eating or sleeping, and feeling hopeless.\\nA certain class of prescribed medications known as antidepressants are effective at improve depressive symptoms. This may be advisable if therapy alone does not improve your symptoms.\\n4-3. Take part in a support group.\\nSupport is imperative for anyone struggling with mental illness. It's vital to build a network of health care providers and loved one who are there for you as you heal. However, meeting with other people who have gone through what you are going through can also be comforting.\\nAsk your mental health provider about support groups for people who are struggling with the same issues as you. Attending these groups can help you learn how others cope with feeling unloved and help you gain a sense of belonging in a supportive group.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you are feeling unwanted or abandoned, these feelings may prompt you to engage in self-destructive behaviors. In an attempt to feel something besides rejection, you may choose to use alcohol or drugs, engage in risky behaviors, or procrastinate on important tasks. You can eliminate the damage you do when you feel unloved by decreasing self-sabotage. Then, you can strive to develop the sense of belonging and self-worth that you long for deep inside.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Minimizing Destructive Habits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Resist the temptation to self-medicate.\", \"描述\": \"When you feel emotional pain such as rejection from a loved one, you may be drawn to practices that allow you to numb your feelings. Feeling unloved can create both anxiety and depression, and you may try to treat these uncomfortable feelings on your own by using alcohol and drugs.\\nSelf-medication with substances may help you escape painful emotions in the short-term, but doing so can escalate into addiction, causing an even greater problem in the long-term.\\nSome people may also self-medicate with other practices, such as binge-eating on comfort foods, shopping excessively, or having sex with various people to numb undesirable emotions. If you notice yourself engaging in unsafe or unhealthy behaviors, reach out to a friend or a professional counselor for support.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spend time with positive influences.\", \"描述\": \"There’s a saying that you are the sum of the five people closest to you. If those near and dear to you engage in unhealthy, self-destructive behaviors like using alcohol or drugs, engaging in risky sex, or gambling, you are more prone to do the same. Carefully choosing your social group can make all the difference in the type of behaviors you do regularly.\\nMake the choice to remove negative influences from your life. Highlight those relationships that influence you to make positive decisions like going to work or school, setting goals, and treating your body well. If you don’t have any positive influences, open yourself up to making new friends.\\nIf you find that some people around you are negative influences, tell them, \\\"I'm sorry, but we're going to have to stop spending time together. I have been making unhealthy choices and I need to reevaluate many of my relationships.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find creative outlets for pain.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than turning to self-sabotaging behaviors, use your emotional pain for good by getting creative. Exercising your inner creativity can help you channel negative feelings like rejection, disappointment, or hatred into positive activities like writing, painting, music, drama or any other art form. Being creative can help you heal from feeling unloved and decrease feelings of stress or anxiety.\\nUse your emotional pain as a stimulus to draw a picture or write a song. Get out a fresh piece of paper and write a story. Or, you can turn on some soothing music and dance out what you are feeling inside.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Challenge negative thought patterns.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes the script running through your head all day can contribute to your mood. If you are thinking negative thoughts like “Nobody cares about me” or “I will be alone forever,” then your self-talk is steering you down a dark and depressed path. How you interpret situations and the world around you can make a big difference on how you feel. Learn to identify and challenge negative thoughts in order to stop self-sabotaging behaviors.\\nIf you notice yourself feeling particularly low or blue, try to think back to what you have been telling yourself in your head. Your thoughts are probably negative.\\nFor example, if you say “Nobody cares about me” because none of your friends or family called you, you can challenge the evidence surrounding this thought. Perform reality testing by asking yourself if your thoughts are facts or just your own interpretations. If you can think of one person who does seem to care for you, then you automatically cancel out the validity of the statement.\\nReframe negative thoughts to make them more positive and realistic. You might say, “Sometimes, I feel like nobody cares for me. Maybe if I called my loved ones instead of waiting on them to call, I wouldn’t feel like this.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining a Sense of Belonging\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask for support when you need it.\", \"描述\": \"Often we might complain that no one seems to be there for us, but we don’t actually make requests of loved ones. If you are guilty of wishing friends or family would reach out to you, but never taking the initiative, it’s time to change that. Don’t expect others to read your mind. If you want company, ask for it. If you need a hug, tell someone.\\nYou can simply say to a friend, “Jessica, I’ve been feeling very lonely and unloved lately. Can we make plans together this weekend to hang out? I could use some company?”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for shared similarities.\", \"描述\": \"If you are always pointing out the differences between yourself and others, then you are making it hard to belong. When you stop paying attention to differences and focus on common ground, you will find more people with whom you can potentially connect.\\nFind your tribe by challenging yourself to get out more. Join a book club based on your favorite genre. Participate in a local Meetup of singles in your age group. Take a Pilates class at your community gym.\\nWhen you enter these social situations look for similarities between you and others. Then, point them out to start conversations. You might say, “Ooh, I love your gym bag! It matches my leggings! Where’d you get it?”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Aim for greater empathy.\", \"描述\": \"Empathy is basically the ability to experience what another person is experiencing, or walking in their shoes. When you are able to adequately understand the feelings and perspectives of others, you will feel more connected to the larger whole of humanity.\\nInstead of simply focusing on feeling unloved, strive to show more love and compassion to others through empathy. Start by improving your listening skills. Too frequently, we listen to reply rather than understand.\\nWhen you are engaged in a conversation, orient towards the other person and make occasional eye contact. Eliminate distractions and fully focus on the other person’s message. Try to imagine what they must be feeling based on their words.\\nMirror their emotional state by saying “Hmmm” or “Aww” as is appropriate. Then, summarize what you heard by saying “It sounds like you had a really rough time…” After attending to their emotions and clarifying that you received the intended message, you may share your own response.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Volunteer.\", \"描述\": \"There is no better way to feel a part of the bigger picture than when you are lending a helping hand to those in need. In addition to allowing you to gain a sense of belonging, volunteering also gives you the chance to make a difference in your community. Community service also lifts your mood, helps you forge connections with others, and helps you spend your time in a meaningful way.\\nOvercome your feelings of rejection and being unloved by spreading love to others. Sign up at a local civic center, church, nursing home, or school to help those in need.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Developing Self-Worth\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify your personal strengths.\", \"描述\": \"Cultivate a positive self-worth by figuring out your best qualities. Your personal strengths are the abilities, talents, and skills you have that make you an asset to the world around you. When you know what your strengths are you have a higher self-esteem and you feel more capable of managing life’s problems.\\nMake a list of personal strengths that you think may be used to describe you. These may include “loyal,” “intelligent,” or “compassionate.”\\nIf you have trouble coming up with ideas, ask a parent, teacher or close friend to give you some suggestions of strengths they see you demonstrate on a daily basis.\\nYou might also take a survey such as the VIA Character Strengths survey. Are you creative? Curious? Loving? Humble? A quiz or survey can inspire you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create objective goals and work towards them.\", \"描述\": \"Goal attainment is another route to developing a stronger sense of self-worth. When you feel like you are moving towards something meaningful in your future, you are less likely to sabotage your progress with destructive habits. Plus, accomplishing goals creates a domino effect that will improve your mood and relationships, too.\\n Set S.M.A.R.T. goals that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. For example, if you plan to learn a new language, you might say “I want to learn to speak intermediate Spanish within the next 6 months.” Then, you will devise a plan to reach that goal like listening to Spanish tapes, taking a course, and interacting with native Spanish-speakers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Promote your passions.\", \"描述\": \"Doing what you love can go a long way towards encouraging self-worthiness and a brighter mood overall. Think about activities you enjoy and build your days and weeks around doing them. Over time, you will notice that you are starting to live a more purposeful, happier life.\\nDo you like building things? Start a new DIY project to build a piece of furniture for your home. Other hobbies may include writing, archery, gardening, bowling, or graphic design. A hobby can be virtually anything, and you can increase your love of the activity by joining a group of others who do it, too. This creates a sense of belonging and worthiness to help improve your outlook on life.\\nTrying something new can also be helpful. Take up a brand new hobby or activity – this will get your creative juices flowing, challenge you, and teach you some new things. You may be surprised at what you learn.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Nurture your body with a proper diet and exercise.\", \"描述\": \"You can enhance your self-worth through self-care. Of course, you already know that you should be consuming a balanced diet and getting regular physical activity. But, you may not know how these factors play into your perception of yourself and the world around you. When you nourish your body with healthy foods and stay active, you will feel more positive about your life and your relationships.\\nWhen you feel bad about yourself, you may eat unhealthy foods and skip the gym. Show support for your body by eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy. Drink lots of water throughout the day. Go for a walk around your local park. Throw a ball to your dog. Or, ask a friend to join you on a cycling adventure.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Getting Professional Help\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"See a therapist.\", \"描述\": \"A professional mental health therapist can help you identify the source of your negative emotions and develop healthy skills to lead a more satisfying life. Your self-worth may have been jeopardized by unhealthy relationships or abuse from your past. Talking about these experiences in a unbiased and supportive context can lead to healing.\\nOne recognized form of therapy for those who self-sabotage is dialectical behavior therapy. This treatment approach is directed at gaining a better understanding of your feelings in order to build skills that help you stop problematic behaviors. You may work with your therapist to prevent overeating, stop risky sexual activities, and establish healthy relational patterns.\\nAnother is cognitive behavioral therapy. CBT will help you identify beliefs that fuel your self-worth. Once you identify those beliefs, you can explore their origins and validity and eventually replace them with thoughts and beliefs that are true.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine if you require medication for depression.\", \"描述\": \"Self-sabotage is prominent in people who feel depressed but do not know how to express or improve their emotions. If feeling unloved has led to depressive symptoms, you need to see a doctor.\\nDepression may manifest as a loss of interest in once pleasurable activities, withdrawing from loved ones, having trouble eating or sleeping, and feeling hopeless.\\nA certain class of prescribed medications known as antidepressants are effective at improve depressive symptoms. This may be advisable if therapy alone does not improve your symptoms.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take part in a support group.\", \"描述\": \"Support is imperative for anyone struggling with mental illness. It's vital to build a network of health care providers and loved one who are there for you as you heal. However, meeting with other people who have gone through what you are going through can also be comforting.\\nAsk your mental health provider about support groups for people who are struggling with the same issues as you. Attending these groups can help you learn how others cope with feeling unloved and help you gain a sense of belonging in a supportive group.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,186 | How to Avoid Shanks in Golf | 1. Quick Stance Fixes
1-1. Relax your arms and let them hang naturally when you grip your club.
Relax and let your arms hang down toward the ground at your side, directly under your shoulders. Rest the clubhead on the ground and take hold of the club with your non-dominant hand. Then, place your dominant hand just below it and interlock your index and pinkie fingers.
It may feel redundant (and annoying) to hear someone say “relax!” to improve your swing, but if you start your stance by releasing any tension, it can help.
Letting your arms hang straight down before you set up can also help make sure you’re the right distance away from the ball.
1-2. Bend at your waist like you’re about to sit down.
Move the clubhead so the ball is in the center of the face. Bend your torso at your waist and allow your knees to slightly bend so you’re comfortable.
A common mistake is to round your back to bend towards the ball.
It’s important that you bend at your hips so you can rotate properly in your swing.
1-3. Adjust your feet and shoulders so they’re parallel with your swing line.
Take a second to look at what you’re aiming for and imagine an invisible line that runs from the ball to the target. Reposition your feet and shoulders so they form a parallel line with the imaginary swing line, and keep your feet about shoulder-width apart so your comfy and stable.
It can help to have somebody stand behind you to confirm you’re aiming where you think you’re aiming.
1-4. Distribute your weight on the balls of your feet.
Avoid leaning too far forward or shifting your weight onto your heels, both of which can move the clubface out of position and is a recipe for a shank pie. Center your weight on the balls of your feet so you’re stable but still able to rotate when you swing.
If your weight shifts forward onto your toes in your stance, you may be too far away from the ball. Move closer to help balance your weight.
1-5. Stand further away from the ball to keep the clubface in line with it.
If you find yourself still shanking after making sure your stance is correct, try standing just a little bit further away than you were before. Moving further away than you think you need to be can help put the clubface in the right position when you swing.
Make sure your weight still stays balanced on the balls of your feet.
Over time, you can work to improve your swing and you’ll get a better sense of exactly where you need to stand to avoid a shank.
1-6. Hold your chest high to keep your head from dropping.
A common golf swing mistake is to round your shoulders or drop your head to try to avoid lifting it. Instead, keep your head still and your chest up to help hold your back in a straight line and allow for a smooth, consistent swing.
You’re probably sick of hearing people tell you, “Keep your head down!” This is an easy way to fix the problem.
2. Swing and Grip Tips
2-1. Keep your hands stiff at the start of your backswing.
When you start moving the club backward to start your swing, avoid allowing your wrists to bend in order to bring the club up overhead. Instead, hold your hands still to keep the club in the right alignment from the beginning to the end of your swing.
As you rotate and move your arms, your club will come up like it’s supposed to, so don’t worry. Flexing or bending your wrists can really mess up your swing.
2-2. Use a relaxed grip for a smoother swing.
Try not to have a stranglehold death grip on the club. Take a strong, but comfortable and relaxed grip so you aren’t holding extra tension in your hands, which can make for an awkward swing and lead to a shank.
Too much tension can affect the way the club swings through after you hit the ball, which is often where shanks happen.
Don’t loosen your grip so much that the club goes flying out of your hand, but if you keep shanking, try lightening your hold a bit.
2-3. Release any tension from your arms as you swing.
Keep the same relaxed energy in your arms that you had as you when you were setting up your shot. Don’t flex or tense your arms to try to add more power to your shot. You’ll be much more likely to produce a stiff swing that can lead to a shank.
If you find yourself feeling really tense before your swing, try taking a practice swing or two to loosen up.
2-4. Lift your toes when you swing to keep your weight from shifting.
Keep your weight balanced on the balls of your feet, but flex your toes upward inside of your shoes. Keep them flexed as you swing to help prevent your weight from moving too far forward or back onto your heels.
Try this out if you keep shanking. As your swing improves, you may not need to continue doing it.
2-5. Focus on keeping the grip end from moving away when you swing.
As you’re swinging your club forward, try not to let it move too far away from your body in an effort to reach out to the ball. This can move the clubhead out of position and cause you to hit the ball with the hosel. Instead, keep the end of the grip close to your body so you make clean contact with the clubface.
2-6. Force your bottom hand forward on your follow-through to correct your swing.
To fix issues with your swing and follow-through, take some practice shots but exaggerate how much you push your bottom hand through the swing. Force your bottom hand forward so that it’s over your top hand as you make contact with the ball and follow through.
Try this out a few times to see what difference it makes. It can help you get a better idea of how you need to swing in order to strike the ball properly.
2-7. Swing all the way through the ball for a clean follow-through.
Try not to slow down your swing as you’re about to hit the ball, which is an easy way to set up a shank. Focus on keeping your balance and maintaining the same amount of force all the way through your swing.
A large backswing with no follow-through means your swing won’t be smooth and consistent, making it much more likely that you’ll smack the ball with the hosel instead of the clubface.
3. Practice, Practice, Practice
3-1. Hit practice shots with a golf ball under the toes of each foot.
To help make sure you’re keeping your weight in the balls of your feet, try taking a few shots on the range with a golf ball under each foot. Place the golf ball under your toes so you can literally feel where you’re holding your weight as you swing. Then, remove the balls to hit some more practice shots and focus on keeping your weight where the golf balls were.
It might be uncomfortable, but it can help you see where you need to distribute your weight.
You may only need to take 2-3 shots to get the message.
3-2. Try missing the ball on purpose to force your body to pull the club in.
If your problem is that your club keeps moving away from your body when you swing, set up in your standard position. Then, do your normal swing, but make it to miss just below your ball. Try out a few practice swings to force yourself to pull the club closer into your body when you swing, which can help fix shanks.
You may be surprised how far you have to pull to miss the ball! This drill can give you an idea of where you need to keep the club relative to your body for a shank-free shot.
After you miss the ball a few times, try hitting it to see if that helps correct the issue.
3-3. Place a soft object just before the toe of the club to retrain your swing.
Take something soft like a cardboard box or a pillow and place it on the ground in front of you, about ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) in front of the clubhead when you’re lined up to hit the ball. Try a few light swings and get used to hitting the ball without bumping into the barrier. Work your way up to harder swings. When you’re no longer hitting the barrier, you can remove it and try out a few shots.
The barrier helps prevent you from moving your club forward and hitting the ball with the hosel, which is how a shank happens.
3-4. Line up 2 balls and hit the furthest one first to improve your swing path.
Take 2 golf balls and line them up about 4 inches (10 cm) apart. Line up with the ball closest to you and then swing to hit the furthest ball. Then, hit the ball closest to you to get a feel for how you need to properly swing. Repeat the drill a few times to work on realigning your swing.
Learning where to put the clubhead when you swing can help prevent shanks.
Tips
Try working with a golf pro. They’ll be able to pinpoint where you’re going wrong in your swing so you can fix it.
With lots and lots of practice, you can train the shank out of your swing.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:27",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Quick Stance Fixes\\n1-1. Relax your arms and let them hang naturally when you grip your club.\\nRelax and let your arms hang down toward the ground at your side, directly under your shoulders. Rest the clubhead on the ground and take hold of the club with your non-dominant hand. Then, place your dominant hand just below it and interlock your index and pinkie fingers.\\nIt may feel redundant (and annoying) to hear someone say “relax!” to improve your swing, but if you start your stance by releasing any tension, it can help.\\nLetting your arms hang straight down before you set up can also help make sure you’re the right distance away from the ball.\\n1-2. Bend at your waist like you’re about to sit down.\\nMove the clubhead so the ball is in the center of the face. Bend your torso at your waist and allow your knees to slightly bend so you’re comfortable.\\nA common mistake is to round your back to bend towards the ball.\\nIt’s important that you bend at your hips so you can rotate properly in your swing.\\n1-3. Adjust your feet and shoulders so they’re parallel with your swing line.\\nTake a second to look at what you’re aiming for and imagine an invisible line that runs from the ball to the target. Reposition your feet and shoulders so they form a parallel line with the imaginary swing line, and keep your feet about shoulder-width apart so your comfy and stable.\\nIt can help to have somebody stand behind you to confirm you’re aiming where you think you’re aiming.\\n1-4. Distribute your weight on the balls of your feet.\\nAvoid leaning too far forward or shifting your weight onto your heels, both of which can move the clubface out of position and is a recipe for a shank pie. Center your weight on the balls of your feet so you’re stable but still able to rotate when you swing.\\nIf your weight shifts forward onto your toes in your stance, you may be too far away from the ball. Move closer to help balance your weight.\\n1-5. Stand further away from the ball to keep the clubface in line with it.\\nIf you find yourself still shanking after making sure your stance is correct, try standing just a little bit further away than you were before. Moving further away than you think you need to be can help put the clubface in the right position when you swing.\\nMake sure your weight still stays balanced on the balls of your feet.\\nOver time, you can work to improve your swing and you’ll get a better sense of exactly where you need to stand to avoid a shank.\\n1-6. Hold your chest high to keep your head from dropping.\\nA common golf swing mistake is to round your shoulders or drop your head to try to avoid lifting it. Instead, keep your head still and your chest up to help hold your back in a straight line and allow for a smooth, consistent swing.\\nYou’re probably sick of hearing people tell you, “Keep your head down!” This is an easy way to fix the problem.\\n2. Swing and Grip Tips\\n2-1. Keep your hands stiff at the start of your backswing.\\nWhen you start moving the club backward to start your swing, avoid allowing your wrists to bend in order to bring the club up overhead. Instead, hold your hands still to keep the club in the right alignment from the beginning to the end of your swing.\\nAs you rotate and move your arms, your club will come up like it’s supposed to, so don’t worry. Flexing or bending your wrists can really mess up your swing.\\n2-2. Use a relaxed grip for a smoother swing.\\nTry not to have a stranglehold death grip on the club. Take a strong, but comfortable and relaxed grip so you aren’t holding extra tension in your hands, which can make for an awkward swing and lead to a shank.\\nToo much tension can affect the way the club swings through after you hit the ball, which is often where shanks happen.\\nDon’t loosen your grip so much that the club goes flying out of your hand, but if you keep shanking, try lightening your hold a bit.\\n2-3. Release any tension from your arms as you swing.\\nKeep the same relaxed energy in your arms that you had as you when you were setting up your shot. Don’t flex or tense your arms to try to add more power to your shot. You’ll be much more likely to produce a stiff swing that can lead to a shank.\\nIf you find yourself feeling really tense before your swing, try taking a practice swing or two to loosen up.\\n2-4. Lift your toes when you swing to keep your weight from shifting.\\nKeep your weight balanced on the balls of your feet, but flex your toes upward inside of your shoes. Keep them flexed as you swing to help prevent your weight from moving too far forward or back onto your heels.\\nTry this out if you keep shanking. As your swing improves, you may not need to continue doing it.\\n2-5. Focus on keeping the grip end from moving away when you swing.\\nAs you’re swinging your club forward, try not to let it move too far away from your body in an effort to reach out to the ball. This can move the clubhead out of position and cause you to hit the ball with the hosel. Instead, keep the end of the grip close to your body so you make clean contact with the clubface.\\n2-6. Force your bottom hand forward on your follow-through to correct your swing.\\nTo fix issues with your swing and follow-through, take some practice shots but exaggerate how much you push your bottom hand through the swing. Force your bottom hand forward so that it’s over your top hand as you make contact with the ball and follow through.\\nTry this out a few times to see what difference it makes. It can help you get a better idea of how you need to swing in order to strike the ball properly.\\n2-7. Swing all the way through the ball for a clean follow-through.\\nTry not to slow down your swing as you’re about to hit the ball, which is an easy way to set up a shank. Focus on keeping your balance and maintaining the same amount of force all the way through your swing.\\nA large backswing with no follow-through means your swing won’t be smooth and consistent, making it much more likely that you’ll smack the ball with the hosel instead of the clubface.\\n3. Practice, Practice, Practice\\n3-1. Hit practice shots with a golf ball under the toes of each foot.\\nTo help make sure you’re keeping your weight in the balls of your feet, try taking a few shots on the range with a golf ball under each foot. Place the golf ball under your toes so you can literally feel where you’re holding your weight as you swing. Then, remove the balls to hit some more practice shots and focus on keeping your weight where the golf balls were.\\nIt might be uncomfortable, but it can help you see where you need to distribute your weight.\\nYou may only need to take 2-3 shots to get the message.\\n3-2. Try missing the ball on purpose to force your body to pull the club in.\\nIf your problem is that your club keeps moving away from your body when you swing, set up in your standard position. Then, do your normal swing, but make it to miss just below your ball. Try out a few practice swings to force yourself to pull the club closer into your body when you swing, which can help fix shanks.\\nYou may be surprised how far you have to pull to miss the ball! This drill can give you an idea of where you need to keep the club relative to your body for a shank-free shot.\\nAfter you miss the ball a few times, try hitting it to see if that helps correct the issue.\\n3-3. Place a soft object just before the toe of the club to retrain your swing.\\nTake something soft like a cardboard box or a pillow and place it on the ground in front of you, about ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) in front of the clubhead when you’re lined up to hit the ball. Try a few light swings and get used to hitting the ball without bumping into the barrier. Work your way up to harder swings. When you’re no longer hitting the barrier, you can remove it and try out a few shots.\\nThe barrier helps prevent you from moving your club forward and hitting the ball with the hosel, which is how a shank happens.\\n3-4. Line up 2 balls and hit the furthest one first to improve your swing path.\\nTake 2 golf balls and line them up about 4 inches (10 cm) apart. Line up with the ball closest to you and then swing to hit the furthest ball. Then, hit the ball closest to you to get a feel for how you need to properly swing. Repeat the drill a few times to work on realigning your swing.\\nLearning where to put the clubhead when you swing can help prevent shanks.\\nTips\\nTry working with a golf pro. They’ll be able to pinpoint where you’re going wrong in your swing so you can fix it.\\nWith lots and lots of practice, you can train the shank out of your swing.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’ve ever been referred to as “shankopotamus” or “the shankster” out on the links, then it may be time for you to make some changes to your swing. A shank happens when you hit the ball with the hosel (the socket of the club that holds the shaft) instead of the clubface. The good news is that you can fix the problem. It all starts with a solid golf swing that’s smooth and consistent. But if you find yourself continuing to hit shanks, there are a few quick fixes you make to try to put an end to it. There are also some drills you can try that may be able to help fix your swing and break you out of any bad habits that you may have.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Quick Stance Fixes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Relax your arms and let them hang naturally when you grip your club.\", \"描述\": \"Relax and let your arms hang down toward the ground at your side, directly under your shoulders. Rest the clubhead on the ground and take hold of the club with your non-dominant hand. Then, place your dominant hand just below it and interlock your index and pinkie fingers.\\nIt may feel redundant (and annoying) to hear someone say “relax!” to improve your swing, but if you start your stance by releasing any tension, it can help.\\nLetting your arms hang straight down before you set up can also help make sure you’re the right distance away from the ball.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Bend at your waist like you’re about to sit down.\", \"描述\": \"Move the clubhead so the ball is in the center of the face. Bend your torso at your waist and allow your knees to slightly bend so you’re comfortable.\\nA common mistake is to round your back to bend towards the ball.\\nIt’s important that you bend at your hips so you can rotate properly in your swing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust your feet and shoulders so they’re parallel with your swing line.\", \"描述\": \"Take a second to look at what you’re aiming for and imagine an invisible line that runs from the ball to the target. Reposition your feet and shoulders so they form a parallel line with the imaginary swing line, and keep your feet about shoulder-width apart so your comfy and stable.\\nIt can help to have somebody stand behind you to confirm you’re aiming where you think you’re aiming.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Distribute your weight on the balls of your feet.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid leaning too far forward or shifting your weight onto your heels, both of which can move the clubface out of position and is a recipe for a shank pie. Center your weight on the balls of your feet so you’re stable but still able to rotate when you swing.\\nIf your weight shifts forward onto your toes in your stance, you may be too far away from the ball. Move closer to help balance your weight.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stand further away from the ball to keep the clubface in line with it.\", \"描述\": \"If you find yourself still shanking after making sure your stance is correct, try standing just a little bit further away than you were before. Moving further away than you think you need to be can help put the clubface in the right position when you swing.\\nMake sure your weight still stays balanced on the balls of your feet.\\nOver time, you can work to improve your swing and you’ll get a better sense of exactly where you need to stand to avoid a shank.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Hold your chest high to keep your head from dropping.\", \"描述\": \"A common golf swing mistake is to round your shoulders or drop your head to try to avoid lifting it. Instead, keep your head still and your chest up to help hold your back in a straight line and allow for a smooth, consistent swing.\\nYou’re probably sick of hearing people tell you, “Keep your head down!” This is an easy way to fix the problem.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Swing and Grip Tips\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep your hands stiff at the start of your backswing.\", \"描述\": \"When you start moving the club backward to start your swing, avoid allowing your wrists to bend in order to bring the club up overhead. Instead, hold your hands still to keep the club in the right alignment from the beginning to the end of your swing.\\nAs you rotate and move your arms, your club will come up like it’s supposed to, so don’t worry. Flexing or bending your wrists can really mess up your swing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a relaxed grip for a smoother swing.\", \"描述\": \"Try not to have a stranglehold death grip on the club. Take a strong, but comfortable and relaxed grip so you aren’t holding extra tension in your hands, which can make for an awkward swing and lead to a shank.\\nToo much tension can affect the way the club swings through after you hit the ball, which is often where shanks happen.\\nDon’t loosen your grip so much that the club goes flying out of your hand, but if you keep shanking, try lightening your hold a bit.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Release any tension from your arms as you swing.\", \"描述\": \"Keep the same relaxed energy in your arms that you had as you when you were setting up your shot. Don’t flex or tense your arms to try to add more power to your shot. You’ll be much more likely to produce a stiff swing that can lead to a shank.\\nIf you find yourself feeling really tense before your swing, try taking a practice swing or two to loosen up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Lift your toes when you swing to keep your weight from shifting.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your weight balanced on the balls of your feet, but flex your toes upward inside of your shoes. Keep them flexed as you swing to help prevent your weight from moving too far forward or back onto your heels.\\nTry this out if you keep shanking. As your swing improves, you may not need to continue doing it.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Focus on keeping the grip end from moving away when you swing.\", \"描述\": \"As you’re swinging your club forward, try not to let it move too far away from your body in an effort to reach out to the ball. This can move the clubhead out of position and cause you to hit the ball with the hosel. Instead, keep the end of the grip close to your body so you make clean contact with the clubface.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Force your bottom hand forward on your follow-through to correct your swing.\", \"描述\": \"To fix issues with your swing and follow-through, take some practice shots but exaggerate how much you push your bottom hand through the swing. Force your bottom hand forward so that it’s over your top hand as you make contact with the ball and follow through.\\nTry this out a few times to see what difference it makes. It can help you get a better idea of how you need to swing in order to strike the ball properly.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Swing all the way through the ball for a clean follow-through.\", \"描述\": \"Try not to slow down your swing as you’re about to hit the ball, which is an easy way to set up a shank. Focus on keeping your balance and maintaining the same amount of force all the way through your swing.\\nA large backswing with no follow-through means your swing won’t be smooth and consistent, making it much more likely that you’ll smack the ball with the hosel instead of the clubface.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice, Practice, Practice\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hit practice shots with a golf ball under the toes of each foot.\", \"描述\": \"To help make sure you’re keeping your weight in the balls of your feet, try taking a few shots on the range with a golf ball under each foot. Place the golf ball under your toes so you can literally feel where you’re holding your weight as you swing. Then, remove the balls to hit some more practice shots and focus on keeping your weight where the golf balls were.\\nIt might be uncomfortable, but it can help you see where you need to distribute your weight.\\nYou may only need to take 2-3 shots to get the message.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try missing the ball on purpose to force your body to pull the club in.\", \"描述\": \"If your problem is that your club keeps moving away from your body when you swing, set up in your standard position. Then, do your normal swing, but make it to miss just below your ball. Try out a few practice swings to force yourself to pull the club closer into your body when you swing, which can help fix shanks.\\nYou may be surprised how far you have to pull to miss the ball! This drill can give you an idea of where you need to keep the club relative to your body for a shank-free shot.\\nAfter you miss the ball a few times, try hitting it to see if that helps correct the issue.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place a soft object just before the toe of the club to retrain your swing.\", \"描述\": \"Take something soft like a cardboard box or a pillow and place it on the ground in front of you, about ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) in front of the clubhead when you’re lined up to hit the ball. Try a few light swings and get used to hitting the ball without bumping into the barrier. Work your way up to harder swings. When you’re no longer hitting the barrier, you can remove it and try out a few shots.\\nThe barrier helps prevent you from moving your club forward and hitting the ball with the hosel, which is how a shank happens.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Line up 2 balls and hit the furthest one first to improve your swing path.\", \"描述\": \"Take 2 golf balls and line them up about 4 inches (10 cm) apart. Line up with the ball closest to you and then swing to hit the furthest ball. Then, hit the ball closest to you to get a feel for how you need to properly swing. Repeat the drill a few times to work on realigning your swing.\\nLearning where to put the clubhead when you swing can help prevent shanks.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try working with a golf pro. They’ll be able to pinpoint where you’re going wrong in your swing so you can fix it.\\n\", \"With lots and lots of practice, you can train the shank out of your swing.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,187 | How to Avoid Sharks | 1. Avoiding Dangerous Swimming Spots
1-1. Obey all posted warnings at the beach.
The single best thing you can do to avoid ever seeing a shark is to simply pay attention to any and all safety information at the beach. Heed any posted signs and listen to the instructions of authority figures like lifeguards, beach patrol personnel, and park rangers. If certain activities like diving, kayaking, surfing, and so on are prevented in the water, don't do them. These rules exist to keep you safe.
Sometimes, authorities make the decision that the easiest way to protect beachgoers is to keep them out of the water entirely. Though it can be disappointing to go to the beach and learn that it's been closed, don't try to disobey these rules. Their goal is not to ruin your good time, but to save lives.
Follow the news and online sources for shark sightings, and avoid locations where a shark has been recently spotted.
1-2. Avoid swimming at dawn, dusk, or night.
Most sharks hunt at these times and are naturally more active and aggressive when hunting. Stay out of the water at these times to avoid encountering a shark when it is likely to be hungry and actively searching for food.
In addition, you are at a big disadvantage in the water when it's dark out. Since you have close to zero visibility, you are unable to see any sharks that you do come across. On the other hand, since sharks' other senses are more powerful than ours, they can navigate very well in the dark.
1-3. Avoid swimming in cloudy or murky water.
Just as lack of visibility during dawn, dusk, and nighttime can make you extra-vulnerable to shark attacks, so too can water conditions that limit your visibility. As noted above, sharks have powerful senses besides their vision that can lead them to prey even when it's hard for them to see. Since humans lack these senses, we're much more likely to be taken by surprise by sharks in low-visibility water. Give yourself the best possible chance to see danger coming by swimming only in clear, non-turbulent water.
1-4. Stay away from shark food sources.
Sharks are more likely to be where easy sources of food are. To keep your chances of encountering a shark at a minimum, stay far away from these places. Areas with commercial fishing activity can be especially dangerous since fishermen sometimes use pieces of chopped up fish as bait, which can inadvertently attract sharks. In general, flocks of diving sea birds are a good indicator that there is food in the water.
You'll also want to stay away from anywhere that nutrients, effluent, or waste products are discharged into the water (like, for instance, a sewage outlet that pours directly into the sea.) Not only is this likely to be a little healthier, but also safer, as the sharks are more likely to hang around such areas of water looking for food.
If you are fishing, don't dump dead fish or fish pieces into the water. These make easy pickings for shark, which can detect blood at concentrations of as little as one part per million.
1-5. Stay near to the shore.
Sharks that are big enough to pose a threat to humans generally stay in deeper waters off the coast. By staying in relatively shallow water and away from the "dropoff" area at the deep end of most beaches, you decrease the likelihood that you'll encounter a shark. Should you come across one, you'll still be able to get to safety on the shore easier.
In addition, you'll want to avoid the areas between sand bars — sharks can sometimes make their way into these narrow channels.
Obviously, it can be hard to stay out of deeper water if you're doing activities like surfing or kayaking. In these cases, be sure to take all of the other precautions in this article to stay safe.
Avoid places like river and harbor mouths, where smaller, river fish get washed into the ocean and are targeted by sharks.
2. Being a Safe Swimmer
2-1. Never swim alone.
When hunting, sharks are more likely to single out lone, isolated individuals for attacks than they are to go after a large group. While sharks are unlikely to go after humans in general, swimming in a group can improve your chances even further. Don't let yourself drift away from the people you're swimming with — stay a few paddle's reach away from each other at all times.
This general rule isn't just a smart idea for deterring shark attacks — it's also a very important beach safety rule in general. Any swimmer, no matter how strong, may be vulnerable to drowning if he or she encounters unexpected currents or conditions. Swimming in groups (with at least one person on the shore at all times watching the swimmers) can save lives.
2-2. Avoid making yourself look like shark prey.
As noted above, sharks don't naturally hunt for humans as a food source, opting instead for local fish and other underwater wildlife. However, in rare cases, sharks may mistake human swimmers for animals that they naturally prey on, like fish, seals, and sea lions. Luckily, by being careful about what you wear, it's possible to avoid this confusion. See below:
Sharks are thought to be attracted to some colors more than others. Bright colors seem to attract tropical sharks. Yellow is particularly attractive (some divers even call it "yum yum yellow"). It is thought that wearing mainly darker colors that don't contrast greatly with the underwater surroundings can help prevent shark attacks. This is true for fins as well.
Don't wear shiny objects. Before swimming, take off any jewelry, watches, chains, gear, etc. that is metallic, shiny, reflective or glowing. It is thought that these can attract sharks by resembling the shiny scales of a fish.
If possible, avoid surfboards. It is thought that sharks can confuse their streamlined shapes for a large fish or seal.
2-3. Keep your bodily fluids away from sharks.
Sharks have very strong senses of smell (though not as strong as movies and TV may have made you believe.) Some sharks have such a powerful nose that they can detect a single drop of certain chemicals in an Olympic swimming pool. For this reason, you will want to avoid swimming in the open water when you are likely to "leak" any bodily fluids that the shark may be able to detect. See below:
Stay out of the water if you have an open wound, especially one that is actively bleeding. Menstruating women should use caution.
Don’t urinate, defecate, or vomit in the ocean. Stay out of the water if you are likely to need to do these things (for instance, if you are sick.)
2-4. Avoid excessive splashing or thrashing.
While hunting, sharks are on the lookout for weak or wounded prey — the easier they are to catch, the better. To a shark, a human who is wildly splashing around in the water can look a little like a wounded animal. For this reason, especially when you're in deeper waters, you'll want to avoid frequent, animated splashing on the surface. If you're under the water, try to avoid violent, struggling movements as well, even if you're joking — this can also make you look like you're in distress.
3. Protecting Yourself if You See a Shark
3-1. Stay calm.
Remember: shark attacks on humans are rare, so simply seeing a shark does not necessarily mean that it has targeted you. Chance meetings with sharks that are on the hunt for other food or simply swimming from point A to point B are perfectly possible. Don't react tensely or frantically to the sight of a shark unless you have to — as mentioned above, making wild movements and large splashes can attract its attention and make it think that you are a wounded animal.
Instead, stay calm and focus on your immediate goal: getting out of the water quickly, quietly, and smoothly. Resist your natural instinct to make a mad dash to safety unless the shark is aggressively following you.
If you are fishing in a small boat when you notice a shark, let any fish on the line go and move away.
If you are diving at significant depths, surfacing quickly can be dangerous and should be used as a last resort. Instead, release any fish or bait you have with you and move laterally away from the shark. Exit the water at a reasonable pace once you are away from it.
3-2. Look for telltale warning signs of aggression.
As you make your exit from the water, try to keep an eye on the shark if possible. Watch its body language — aggressive sharks tend to act noticeably different from non-aggressive ones. If you see the following signs, move more quickly as you try to get out of the water and get ready to defend yourself if necessary. Movements that indicate a shark might be ready to attack include:
Making quick, sharp turns while swimming.
"Hunching" or arching the back.
Circling, especially if the circles get tighter
Charging
Lowering the dorsal fin (the one on the back)
Rubbing the belly against the sea floor
Showing other sudden or erratic movements.
3-3. If an attack seems likely, adopt a defensive position.
In the very unlikely event that you are attacked by a shark, you will almost always fare better if the shark is not able to take you by surprise. If you see the signs of aggression listed above, keep your eyes on the shark and make an effort to use even, steady movements as you continue making an exit from the water. If you have anything you can use to defend yourself, grab hold of it. If you can, put your back to a reef, wall or another object to limit the shark's angles of attack. Most importantly, get ready to fight back.
If you are near other people, it's also crucial to call out to them for several reasons. Not only will this notify them of the danger and give them a chance to themselves — it can also help you. Statistically, there are few cases of rescuers being attacked when helping someone else get away from a shark. It's thought that suddenly encountering a second person in the water can spook a shark enough to make it run away.
3-4. If attacked, fight!
Playing dead once a shark makes a decision to attack will do you no favors. This can make the shark think that you're defeated, which is what it wants, and may encourage more bites. On the other hand, if you make yourself appear strong and dangerous, the shark may go off to find easier prey. Remember: sharks aren't usually used to prey that puts up a serious fight — the majority would be much happier chasing an easy fish than a human who's willing to punch, kick, and gouge.
Try to strike the shark's eyes and gills with whatever you have. These areas are the most vulnerable, pain-sensitive parts of a shark. Punch and claw at them repeatedly until the shark lets you go.
Contrary to popular myth, the nose is not as good of a target as the eyes and gills. It's less sensitive to pain and is also right next to the mouth, which is the last thing you want to stick your hand into.
If you're diving, use any tools you have, like a diving knife or even a spare tank to hit the shark.
The goal is to convince the shark that attacking you is more trouble than it is worth. Giving up will just make the shark's job easier.
3-5. Get out of the water and assess your situation.
As soon as you can after a shark attack, get out of the water and stay out, even if you don't think you have any injuries. The adrenaline pumping through your body may make it difficult to judge how hurt you are at first. Getting out of the water (and staying out) doesn't just keep you out of the shark's reach, but also gives you a chance to determine what to do next with a reasonably level head.
Get medical attention for any injuries immediately, even if they don't seem serious. This is extra important if you are bleeding — since it is more difficult for your body to stop bleeding underwater, you may already have lost a significant amount of blood.
Don't get back in the water even if the shark seems to have left and you have no injuries. The only reason to get back in the water (provided you are uninjured) is to save them from a shark attack — as mentioned above, some sharks may flee when dealing with a group of people, rather than just one.
3-6. Don’t ever bother or harass sharks.
This advice should go without saying. Almost any animal that is taunted, harassed, or chased will eventually defend itself. Sharks are no exception, though their deadly predatory capabilities make the consequences for mistakes much higher than with most animals. If you do see a shark, exit the water and leave it alone. do anything to provoke a shark, even if you think you are in a safe location, like on a boat. Accidents can still happen.
Tips
Don’t let this advice scare you! The chances of being injured or killed by shark attacks are extremely low. If you follow these steps for prevention and survival, the odds are even more in your favor. These techniques are applicable to all species of shark. Remember, the best way to survive a shark attack is to avoid the situation altogether. Don’t try to fight or provoke a shark to impress girls or your buddies (if you think a good way to impress girls is shark fighting you have problems no list can solve). Enjoy your vacation and be safe!
Don't kill or cut something like a fish, and then throw it the bloody unwanted parts into the water, feed it to the seagulls instead.
Wear darker colors. Don't wear white!
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Avoiding Dangerous Swimming Spots\\n1-1. Obey all posted warnings at the beach.\\nThe single best thing you can do to avoid ever seeing a shark is to simply pay attention to any and all safety information at the beach. Heed any posted signs and listen to the instructions of authority figures like lifeguards, beach patrol personnel, and park rangers. If certain activities like diving, kayaking, surfing, and so on are prevented in the water, don't do them. These rules exist to keep you safe.\\nSometimes, authorities make the decision that the easiest way to protect beachgoers is to keep them out of the water entirely. Though it can be disappointing to go to the beach and learn that it's been closed, don't try to disobey these rules. Their goal is not to ruin your good time, but to save lives.\\nFollow the news and online sources for shark sightings, and avoid locations where a shark has been recently spotted.\\n1-2. Avoid swimming at dawn, dusk, or night.\\nMost sharks hunt at these times and are naturally more active and aggressive when hunting. Stay out of the water at these times to avoid encountering a shark when it is likely to be hungry and actively searching for food.\\nIn addition, you are at a big disadvantage in the water when it's dark out. Since you have close to zero visibility, you are unable to see any sharks that you do come across. On the other hand, since sharks' other senses are more powerful than ours, they can navigate very well in the dark.\\n1-3. Avoid swimming in cloudy or murky water.\\nJust as lack of visibility during dawn, dusk, and nighttime can make you extra-vulnerable to shark attacks, so too can water conditions that limit your visibility. As noted above, sharks have powerful senses besides their vision that can lead them to prey even when it's hard for them to see. Since humans lack these senses, we're much more likely to be taken by surprise by sharks in low-visibility water. Give yourself the best possible chance to see danger coming by swimming only in clear, non-turbulent water.\\n1-4. Stay away from shark food sources.\\nSharks are more likely to be where easy sources of food are. To keep your chances of encountering a shark at a minimum, stay far away from these places. Areas with commercial fishing activity can be especially dangerous since fishermen sometimes use pieces of chopped up fish as bait, which can inadvertently attract sharks. In general, flocks of diving sea birds are a good indicator that there is food in the water.\\nYou'll also want to stay away from anywhere that nutrients, effluent, or waste products are discharged into the water (like, for instance, a sewage outlet that pours directly into the sea.) Not only is this likely to be a little healthier, but also safer, as the sharks are more likely to hang around such areas of water looking for food.\\nIf you are fishing, don't dump dead fish or fish pieces into the water. These make easy pickings for shark, which can detect blood at concentrations of as little as one part per million.\\n1-5. Stay near to the shore.\\nSharks that are big enough to pose a threat to humans generally stay in deeper waters off the coast. By staying in relatively shallow water and away from the \\\"dropoff\\\" area at the deep end of most beaches, you decrease the likelihood that you'll encounter a shark. Should you come across one, you'll still be able to get to safety on the shore easier.\\nIn addition, you'll want to avoid the areas between sand bars — sharks can sometimes make their way into these narrow channels.\\nObviously, it can be hard to stay out of deeper water if you're doing activities like surfing or kayaking. In these cases, be sure to take all of the other precautions in this article to stay safe.\\nAvoid places like river and harbor mouths, where smaller, river fish get washed into the ocean and are targeted by sharks.\\n2. Being a Safe Swimmer\\n2-1. Never swim alone.\\nWhen hunting, sharks are more likely to single out lone, isolated individuals for attacks than they are to go after a large group. While sharks are unlikely to go after humans in general, swimming in a group can improve your chances even further. Don't let yourself drift away from the people you're swimming with — stay a few paddle's reach away from each other at all times.\\nThis general rule isn't just a smart idea for deterring shark attacks — it's also a very important beach safety rule in general. Any swimmer, no matter how strong, may be vulnerable to drowning if he or she encounters unexpected currents or conditions. Swimming in groups (with at least one person on the shore at all times watching the swimmers) can save lives.\\n2-2. Avoid making yourself look like shark prey.\\nAs noted above, sharks don't naturally hunt for humans as a food source, opting instead for local fish and other underwater wildlife. However, in rare cases, sharks may mistake human swimmers for animals that they naturally prey on, like fish, seals, and sea lions. Luckily, by being careful about what you wear, it's possible to avoid this confusion. See below:\\nSharks are thought to be attracted to some colors more than others. Bright colors seem to attract tropical sharks. Yellow is particularly attractive (some divers even call it \\\"yum yum yellow\\\"). It is thought that wearing mainly darker colors that don't contrast greatly with the underwater surroundings can help prevent shark attacks. This is true for fins as well.\\nDon't wear shiny objects. Before swimming, take off any jewelry, watches, chains, gear, etc. that is metallic, shiny, reflective or glowing. It is thought that these can attract sharks by resembling the shiny scales of a fish.\\nIf possible, avoid surfboards. It is thought that sharks can confuse their streamlined shapes for a large fish or seal.\\n2-3. Keep your bodily fluids away from sharks.\\nSharks have very strong senses of smell (though not as strong as movies and TV may have made you believe.) Some sharks have such a powerful nose that they can detect a single drop of certain chemicals in an Olympic swimming pool. For this reason, you will want to avoid swimming in the open water when you are likely to \\\"leak\\\" any bodily fluids that the shark may be able to detect. See below:\\nStay out of the water if you have an open wound, especially one that is actively bleeding. Menstruating women should use caution.\\nDon’t urinate, defecate, or vomit in the ocean. Stay out of the water if you are likely to need to do these things (for instance, if you are sick.)\\n2-4. Avoid excessive splashing or thrashing.\\nWhile hunting, sharks are on the lookout for weak or wounded prey — the easier they are to catch, the better. To a shark, a human who is wildly splashing around in the water can look a little like a wounded animal. For this reason, especially when you're in deeper waters, you'll want to avoid frequent, animated splashing on the surface. If you're under the water, try to avoid violent, struggling movements as well, even if you're joking — this can also make you look like you're in distress.\\n3. Protecting Yourself if You See a Shark\\n3-1. Stay calm.\\nRemember: shark attacks on humans are rare, so simply seeing a shark does not necessarily mean that it has targeted you. Chance meetings with sharks that are on the hunt for other food or simply swimming from point A to point B are perfectly possible. Don't react tensely or frantically to the sight of a shark unless you have to — as mentioned above, making wild movements and large splashes can attract its attention and make it think that you are a wounded animal.\\nInstead, stay calm and focus on your immediate goal: getting out of the water quickly, quietly, and smoothly. Resist your natural instinct to make a mad dash to safety unless the shark is aggressively following you.\\nIf you are fishing in a small boat when you notice a shark, let any fish on the line go and move away.\\nIf you are diving at significant depths, surfacing quickly can be dangerous and should be used as a last resort. Instead, release any fish or bait you have with you and move laterally away from the shark. Exit the water at a reasonable pace once you are away from it.\\n3-2. Look for telltale warning signs of aggression.\\nAs you make your exit from the water, try to keep an eye on the shark if possible. Watch its body language — aggressive sharks tend to act noticeably different from non-aggressive ones. If you see the following signs, move more quickly as you try to get out of the water and get ready to defend yourself if necessary. Movements that indicate a shark might be ready to attack include:\\nMaking quick, sharp turns while swimming.\\n\\\"Hunching\\\" or arching the back.\\nCircling, especially if the circles get tighter\\nCharging\\nLowering the dorsal fin (the one on the back)\\nRubbing the belly against the sea floor\\nShowing other sudden or erratic movements.\\n3-3. If an attack seems likely, adopt a defensive position.\\nIn the very unlikely event that you are attacked by a shark, you will almost always fare better if the shark is not able to take you by surprise. If you see the signs of aggression listed above, keep your eyes on the shark and make an effort to use even, steady movements as you continue making an exit from the water. If you have anything you can use to defend yourself, grab hold of it. If you can, put your back to a reef, wall or another object to limit the shark's angles of attack. Most importantly, get ready to fight back.\\nIf you are near other people, it's also crucial to call out to them for several reasons. Not only will this notify them of the danger and give them a chance to themselves — it can also help you. Statistically, there are few cases of rescuers being attacked when helping someone else get away from a shark. It's thought that suddenly encountering a second person in the water can spook a shark enough to make it run away.\\n3-4. If attacked, fight!\\nPlaying dead once a shark makes a decision to attack will do you no favors. This can make the shark think that you're defeated, which is what it wants, and may encourage more bites. On the other hand, if you make yourself appear strong and dangerous, the shark may go off to find easier prey. Remember: sharks aren't usually used to prey that puts up a serious fight — the majority would be much happier chasing an easy fish than a human who's willing to punch, kick, and gouge.\\nTry to strike the shark's eyes and gills with whatever you have. These areas are the most vulnerable, pain-sensitive parts of a shark. Punch and claw at them repeatedly until the shark lets you go.\\nContrary to popular myth, the nose is not as good of a target as the eyes and gills. It's less sensitive to pain and is also right next to the mouth, which is the last thing you want to stick your hand into.\\nIf you're diving, use any tools you have, like a diving knife or even a spare tank to hit the shark.\\n The goal is to convince the shark that attacking you is more trouble than it is worth. Giving up will just make the shark's job easier.\\n3-5. Get out of the water and assess your situation.\\nAs soon as you can after a shark attack, get out of the water and stay out, even if you don't think you have any injuries. The adrenaline pumping through your body may make it difficult to judge how hurt you are at first. Getting out of the water (and staying out) doesn't just keep you out of the shark's reach, but also gives you a chance to determine what to do next with a reasonably level head.\\nGet medical attention for any injuries immediately, even if they don't seem serious. This is extra important if you are bleeding — since it is more difficult for your body to stop bleeding underwater, you may already have lost a significant amount of blood.\\nDon't get back in the water even if the shark seems to have left and you have no injuries. The only reason to get back in the water (provided you are uninjured) is to save them from a shark attack — as mentioned above, some sharks may flee when dealing with a group of people, rather than just one.\\n3-6. Don’t ever bother or harass sharks.\\nThis advice should go without saying. Almost any animal that is taunted, harassed, or chased will eventually defend itself. Sharks are no exception, though their deadly predatory capabilities make the consequences for mistakes much higher than with most animals. If you do see a shark, exit the water and leave it alone. do anything to provoke a shark, even if you think you are in a safe location, like on a boat. Accidents can still happen.\\nTips\\nDon’t let this advice scare you! The chances of being injured or killed by shark attacks are extremely low. If you follow these steps for prevention and survival, the odds are even more in your favor. These techniques are applicable to all species of shark. Remember, the best way to survive a shark attack is to avoid the situation altogether. Don’t try to fight or provoke a shark to impress girls or your buddies (if you think a good way to impress girls is shark fighting you have problems no list can solve). Enjoy your vacation and be safe!\\nDon't kill or cut something like a fish, and then throw it the bloody unwanted parts into the water, feed it to the seagulls instead.\\nWear darker colors. Don't wear white!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Believe it or not, sharks are some of nature’s most misunderstood creatures. Though sharks are such efficient, deadly predators that they have remained nearly unchanged for hundreds of millions of years, shark attacks on humans kill only a few people a year — statistically, you're much more likely to be struck by lightning or to simply drown swimming at the beach. However, by using caution and common sense preventative techniques, it's possible to reduce your risk of a shark attack even further. Learn these simple tips today for a lifetime of safe swimming!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Dangerous Swimming Spots\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obey all posted warnings at the beach.\", \"描述\": \"The single best thing you can do to avoid ever seeing a shark is to simply pay attention to any and all safety information at the beach. Heed any posted signs and listen to the instructions of authority figures like lifeguards, beach patrol personnel, and park rangers. If certain activities like diving, kayaking, surfing, and so on are prevented in the water, don't do them. These rules exist to keep you safe.\\nSometimes, authorities make the decision that the easiest way to protect beachgoers is to keep them out of the water entirely. Though it can be disappointing to go to the beach and learn that it's been closed, don't try to disobey these rules. Their goal is not to ruin your good time, but to save lives.\\nFollow the news and online sources for shark sightings, and avoid locations where a shark has been recently spotted.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid swimming at dawn, dusk, or night.\", \"描述\": \"Most sharks hunt at these times and are naturally more active and aggressive when hunting. Stay out of the water at these times to avoid encountering a shark when it is likely to be hungry and actively searching for food.\\nIn addition, you are at a big disadvantage in the water when it's dark out. Since you have close to zero visibility, you are unable to see any sharks that you do come across. On the other hand, since sharks' other senses are more powerful than ours, they can navigate very well in the dark.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid swimming in cloudy or murky water.\", \"描述\": \"Just as lack of visibility during dawn, dusk, and nighttime can make you extra-vulnerable to shark attacks, so too can water conditions that limit your visibility. As noted above, sharks have powerful senses besides their vision that can lead them to prey even when it's hard for them to see. Since humans lack these senses, we're much more likely to be taken by surprise by sharks in low-visibility water. Give yourself the best possible chance to see danger coming by swimming only in clear, non-turbulent water.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay away from shark food sources.\", \"描述\": \"Sharks are more likely to be where easy sources of food are. To keep your chances of encountering a shark at a minimum, stay far away from these places. Areas with commercial fishing activity can be especially dangerous since fishermen sometimes use pieces of chopped up fish as bait, which can inadvertently attract sharks. In general, flocks of diving sea birds are a good indicator that there is food in the water.\\nYou'll also want to stay away from anywhere that nutrients, effluent, or waste products are discharged into the water (like, for instance, a sewage outlet that pours directly into the sea.) Not only is this likely to be a little healthier, but also safer, as the sharks are more likely to hang around such areas of water looking for food.\\nIf you are fishing, don't dump dead fish or fish pieces into the water. These make easy pickings for shark, which can detect blood at concentrations of as little as one part per million.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stay near to the shore.\", \"描述\": \"Sharks that are big enough to pose a threat to humans generally stay in deeper waters off the coast. By staying in relatively shallow water and away from the \\\"dropoff\\\" area at the deep end of most beaches, you decrease the likelihood that you'll encounter a shark. Should you come across one, you'll still be able to get to safety on the shore easier.\\nIn addition, you'll want to avoid the areas between sand bars — sharks can sometimes make their way into these narrow channels.\\nObviously, it can be hard to stay out of deeper water if you're doing activities like surfing or kayaking. In these cases, be sure to take all of the other precautions in this article to stay safe.\\nAvoid places like river and harbor mouths, where smaller, river fish get washed into the ocean and are targeted by sharks.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Being a Safe Swimmer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Never swim alone.\", \"描述\": \"When hunting, sharks are more likely to single out lone, isolated individuals for attacks than they are to go after a large group. While sharks are unlikely to go after humans in general, swimming in a group can improve your chances even further. Don't let yourself drift away from the people you're swimming with — stay a few paddle's reach away from each other at all times.\\nThis general rule isn't just a smart idea for deterring shark attacks — it's also a very important beach safety rule in general. Any swimmer, no matter how strong, may be vulnerable to drowning if he or she encounters unexpected currents or conditions. Swimming in groups (with at least one person on the shore at all times watching the swimmers) can save lives.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid making yourself look like shark prey.\", \"描述\": \"As noted above, sharks don't naturally hunt for humans as a food source, opting instead for local fish and other underwater wildlife. However, in rare cases, sharks may mistake human swimmers for animals that they naturally prey on, like fish, seals, and sea lions. Luckily, by being careful about what you wear, it's possible to avoid this confusion. See below:\\nSharks are thought to be attracted to some colors more than others. Bright colors seem to attract tropical sharks. Yellow is particularly attractive (some divers even call it \\\"yum yum yellow\\\"). It is thought that wearing mainly darker colors that don't contrast greatly with the underwater surroundings can help prevent shark attacks. This is true for fins as well.\\nDon't wear shiny objects. Before swimming, take off any jewelry, watches, chains, gear, etc. that is metallic, shiny, reflective or glowing. It is thought that these can attract sharks by resembling the shiny scales of a fish.\\nIf possible, avoid surfboards. It is thought that sharks can confuse their streamlined shapes for a large fish or seal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your bodily fluids away from sharks.\", \"描述\": \"Sharks have very strong senses of smell (though not as strong as movies and TV may have made you believe.) Some sharks have such a powerful nose that they can detect a single drop of certain chemicals in an Olympic swimming pool. For this reason, you will want to avoid swimming in the open water when you are likely to \\\"leak\\\" any bodily fluids that the shark may be able to detect. See below:\\nStay out of the water if you have an open wound, especially one that is actively bleeding. Menstruating women should use caution.\\nDon’t urinate, defecate, or vomit in the ocean. Stay out of the water if you are likely to need to do these things (for instance, if you are sick.)\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid excessive splashing or thrashing.\", \"描述\": \"While hunting, sharks are on the lookout for weak or wounded prey — the easier they are to catch, the better. To a shark, a human who is wildly splashing around in the water can look a little like a wounded animal. For this reason, especially when you're in deeper waters, you'll want to avoid frequent, animated splashing on the surface. If you're under the water, try to avoid violent, struggling movements as well, even if you're joking — this can also make you look like you're in distress.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Protecting Yourself if You See a Shark\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay calm.\", \"描述\": \"Remember: shark attacks on humans are rare, so simply seeing a shark does not necessarily mean that it has targeted you. Chance meetings with sharks that are on the hunt for other food or simply swimming from point A to point B are perfectly possible. Don't react tensely or frantically to the sight of a shark unless you have to — as mentioned above, making wild movements and large splashes can attract its attention and make it think that you are a wounded animal.\\nInstead, stay calm and focus on your immediate goal: getting out of the water quickly, quietly, and smoothly. Resist your natural instinct to make a mad dash to safety unless the shark is aggressively following you.\\nIf you are fishing in a small boat when you notice a shark, let any fish on the line go and move away.\\nIf you are diving at significant depths, surfacing quickly can be dangerous and should be used as a last resort. Instead, release any fish or bait you have with you and move laterally away from the shark. Exit the water at a reasonable pace once you are away from it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for telltale warning signs of aggression.\", \"描述\": \"As you make your exit from the water, try to keep an eye on the shark if possible. Watch its body language — aggressive sharks tend to act noticeably different from non-aggressive ones. If you see the following signs, move more quickly as you try to get out of the water and get ready to defend yourself if necessary. Movements that indicate a shark might be ready to attack include:\\nMaking quick, sharp turns while swimming.\\n\\\"Hunching\\\" or arching the back.\\nCircling, especially if the circles get tighter\\nCharging\\nLowering the dorsal fin (the one on the back)\\nRubbing the belly against the sea floor\\nShowing other sudden or erratic movements.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"If an attack seems likely, adopt a defensive position.\", \"描述\": \"In the very unlikely event that you are attacked by a shark, you will almost always fare better if the shark is not able to take you by surprise. If you see the signs of aggression listed above, keep your eyes on the shark and make an effort to use even, steady movements as you continue making an exit from the water. If you have anything you can use to defend yourself, grab hold of it. If you can, put your back to a reef, wall or another object to limit the shark's angles of attack. Most importantly, get ready to fight back.\\nIf you are near other people, it's also crucial to call out to them for several reasons. Not only will this notify them of the danger and give them a chance to themselves — it can also help you. Statistically, there are few cases of rescuers being attacked when helping someone else get away from a shark. It's thought that suddenly encountering a second person in the water can spook a shark enough to make it run away.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"If attacked, fight!\", \"描述\": \"Playing dead once a shark makes a decision to attack will do you no favors. This can make the shark think that you're defeated, which is what it wants, and may encourage more bites. On the other hand, if you make yourself appear strong and dangerous, the shark may go off to find easier prey. Remember: sharks aren't usually used to prey that puts up a serious fight — the majority would be much happier chasing an easy fish than a human who's willing to punch, kick, and gouge.\\nTry to strike the shark's eyes and gills with whatever you have. These areas are the most vulnerable, pain-sensitive parts of a shark. Punch and claw at them repeatedly until the shark lets you go.\\nContrary to popular myth, the nose is not as good of a target as the eyes and gills. It's less sensitive to pain and is also right next to the mouth, which is the last thing you want to stick your hand into.\\nIf you're diving, use any tools you have, like a diving knife or even a spare tank to hit the shark.\\n The goal is to convince the shark that attacking you is more trouble than it is worth. Giving up will just make the shark's job easier.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get out of the water and assess your situation.\", \"描述\": \"As soon as you can after a shark attack, get out of the water and stay out, even if you don't think you have any injuries. The adrenaline pumping through your body may make it difficult to judge how hurt you are at first. Getting out of the water (and staying out) doesn't just keep you out of the shark's reach, but also gives you a chance to determine what to do next with a reasonably level head.\\nGet medical attention for any injuries immediately, even if they don't seem serious. This is extra important if you are bleeding — since it is more difficult for your body to stop bleeding underwater, you may already have lost a significant amount of blood.\\nDon't get back in the water even if the shark seems to have left and you have no injuries. The only reason to get back in the water (provided you are uninjured) is to save them from a shark attack — as mentioned above, some sharks may flee when dealing with a group of people, rather than just one.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don’t ever bother or harass sharks.\", \"描述\": \"This advice should go without saying. Almost any animal that is taunted, harassed, or chased will eventually defend itself. Sharks are no exception, though their deadly predatory capabilities make the consequences for mistakes much higher than with most animals. If you do see a shark, exit the water and leave it alone. do anything to provoke a shark, even if you think you are in a safe location, like on a boat. Accidents can still happen.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don’t let this advice scare you! The chances of being injured or killed by shark attacks are extremely low. If you follow these steps for prevention and survival, the odds are even more in your favor. These techniques are applicable to all species of shark. Remember, the best way to survive a shark attack is to avoid the situation altogether. Don’t try to fight or provoke a shark to impress girls or your buddies (if you think a good way to impress girls is shark fighting you have problems no list can solve). Enjoy your vacation and be safe!\\n\", \"Don't kill or cut something like a fish, and then throw it the bloody unwanted parts into the water, feed it to the seagulls instead.\\n\", \"Wear darker colors. Don't wear white!\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,188 | How to Avoid Sharks While Surfing | 1. Choosing a Safe Place to Surf
1-1. Avoid areas where sharks are likely to feed.
There are the obvious spots, like near fishermen or fishing boats, where bait, injured fish, and blood and guts are plentiful and may attract sharks. Other potentially dangerous areas include:
River mouths and channels. This is where food, dead animals, and fish that are flowing down-stream enter the ocean, making them great spots for sharks to hang out.
Areas where sewage enters the water. The sewage attracts fish, which will attract sharks.
Deep channels, near sandbars, or where the reef or sand drops off steeply. Sharks lurk in these areas to catch fish that wander out of the shallows.
Where large groups of shark prey hang out. If there are seals pupping nearby or a population of other marine animals in the area, sharks may be hunting nearby and could easily confuse you with prey.
1-2. Look for warning signs.
If sharks have recently been sighted, there should be warnings posted on the beach - heed them. If the beach is closed, come back another day.
1-3. Stay out of the water during prime hunting times.
Sharks generally feed at dawn, dusk, and night, so stick to late morning or afternoon sessions.
1-4. Avoid murky water.
Most shark attacks occur because the shark confused a surfer with prey. Visibility is low in cloudy water, making it more likely a shark will confuse you with a seal and attack.
Water can be especially murky following storms or heavy rainfall. Rain can also stir up baitfish and attract sharks.
1-5. Consider surfing in areas dense with kelp.
Some sharks, especially adult great whites, tend to avoid kelp forests.
1-6. Take a break during the month of October.
Again, it's highly unlikely you will ever see a shark, but some experts believe that some sharks migrate closer to land during October, possibly to give birth. So, if you're really anxious about having a run-in with a shark, maybe wait until November to break out the wetsuit.
2. Surfing Safely
2-1. Surf with friends.
Instead of surfing alone, surf with a buddy or a group of people. Sharks target individuals and are less likely to approach a group.
Surfing with a friend increases the chances of your survival, in the unlikely event a shark attack occurs. Most shark attack fatalities are due to not getting help fast enough. A friend who can get you out of the water and notify the lifeguard could save your life.
2-2. Avoid looking like prey.
Sharks can't see colors, but they can see contrast (like a black and white swimming suit).Shiny objects may catch the light and resemble fish scales. Remove all jewelry before entering the water and stick to wetsuits and swimsuits in solid, bland colors.
Yellow, orange, white, and flesh-colored suits should be avoided.
If you have a high-contrast tan (areas of your exposed skin are very dark, while other areas are very white), wear a suit that covers those white areas, so you appear uniform in color.
2-3. Don't enter the water with any cuts or open wounds.
If you get injured while surfing and start to bleed, get out of the water. A little blood in the water can attract sharks from up to 1/3 of a mile away.
Some experts also recommend women take a break from surfing during menstruation. Though it is unlikely sharks associate the blood discharged during menstruation with feeding, the other fluids in the discharge may arouse a shark's curiosity.
3. Encountering a Shark
3-1. Remain calm.
Sharks are attracted to thrashing--they equate those movements with wounded prey--and can sense fear, both of which can send them into attack mode. Try to keep your wits about you so you can make smart decisions and prepare to defend yourself.
3-2. Get out of the water.
If the shark is nearby and hasn't attacked, move toward the shore as swiftly and quietly as you can, using smooth, rhythmic strokes.
Try to keep the shark in your sights at all times.
If you notice the shark is displaying aggressive behavior (erratic movements, a hunched back, or quick turns), move as quickly as possible to a rock, nearby kelp canopy, or shore.
3-3. Try to use your surfboard as a buffer.
Get it between you body and the shark and use it as a shield, protecting your front and sides.
The surfboard's buoyancy can prevent a shark from dragging you deep under the water, should it attack.
3-4. Defend yourself aggressively.
If the shark does attack, don't play dead. Use your surfboard as a weapon. Try to avoid using your hands if possible, since you may injure them on the shark's teeth. Aim your blows at the shark's eyes, gills, or nose.
3-5. Get out of the water and seek immediate medical attention if attacked.
Your life depends on swift medical attention. Scream for help, send a friend to get the lifeguard and call 911, do whatever it takes to make sure help is on the way as soon as possible.
Tips
It might be a good idea to learn how to survive a shark attack, just in case one should occur.
Warnings
Don't assume that because you're swimming with dolphins, you'll be safe.
If a shark is near, don't stay in the water. Calmly get out of the water and notify the lifeguards if the shark was close to the shore.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:27",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Choosing a Safe Place to Surf\\n1-1. Avoid areas where sharks are likely to feed.\\nThere are the obvious spots, like near fishermen or fishing boats, where bait, injured fish, and blood and guts are plentiful and may attract sharks. Other potentially dangerous areas include:\\nRiver mouths and channels. This is where food, dead animals, and fish that are flowing down-stream enter the ocean, making them great spots for sharks to hang out.\\nAreas where sewage enters the water. The sewage attracts fish, which will attract sharks.\\nDeep channels, near sandbars, or where the reef or sand drops off steeply. Sharks lurk in these areas to catch fish that wander out of the shallows.\\nWhere large groups of shark prey hang out. If there are seals pupping nearby or a population of other marine animals in the area, sharks may be hunting nearby and could easily confuse you with prey.\\n1-2. Look for warning signs.\\nIf sharks have recently been sighted, there should be warnings posted on the beach - heed them. If the beach is closed, come back another day.\\n1-3. Stay out of the water during prime hunting times.\\nSharks generally feed at dawn, dusk, and night, so stick to late morning or afternoon sessions.\\n1-4. Avoid murky water.\\nMost shark attacks occur because the shark confused a surfer with prey. Visibility is low in cloudy water, making it more likely a shark will confuse you with a seal and attack.\\nWater can be especially murky following storms or heavy rainfall. Rain can also stir up baitfish and attract sharks.\\n1-5. Consider surfing in areas dense with kelp.\\nSome sharks, especially adult great whites, tend to avoid kelp forests.\\n1-6. Take a break during the month of October.\\nAgain, it's highly unlikely you will ever see a shark, but some experts believe that some sharks migrate closer to land during October, possibly to give birth. So, if you're really anxious about having a run-in with a shark, maybe wait until November to break out the wetsuit.\\n2. Surfing Safely\\n2-1. Surf with friends.\\nInstead of surfing alone, surf with a buddy or a group of people. Sharks target individuals and are less likely to approach a group.\\nSurfing with a friend increases the chances of your survival, in the unlikely event a shark attack occurs. Most shark attack fatalities are due to not getting help fast enough. A friend who can get you out of the water and notify the lifeguard could save your life.\\n2-2. Avoid looking like prey.\\nSharks can't see colors, but they can see contrast (like a black and white swimming suit).Shiny objects may catch the light and resemble fish scales. Remove all jewelry before entering the water and stick to wetsuits and swimsuits in solid, bland colors.\\nYellow, orange, white, and flesh-colored suits should be avoided.\\nIf you have a high-contrast tan (areas of your exposed skin are very dark, while other areas are very white), wear a suit that covers those white areas, so you appear uniform in color.\\n2-3. Don't enter the water with any cuts or open wounds.\\nIf you get injured while surfing and start to bleed, get out of the water. A little blood in the water can attract sharks from up to 1/3 of a mile away.\\nSome experts also recommend women take a break from surfing during menstruation. Though it is unlikely sharks associate the blood discharged during menstruation with feeding, the other fluids in the discharge may arouse a shark's curiosity.\\n3. Encountering a Shark\\n3-1. Remain calm.\\nSharks are attracted to thrashing--they equate those movements with wounded prey--and can sense fear, both of which can send them into attack mode. Try to keep your wits about you so you can make smart decisions and prepare to defend yourself.\\n3-2. Get out of the water.\\nIf the shark is nearby and hasn't attacked, move toward the shore as swiftly and quietly as you can, using smooth, rhythmic strokes.\\nTry to keep the shark in your sights at all times.\\nIf you notice the shark is displaying aggressive behavior (erratic movements, a hunched back, or quick turns), move as quickly as possible to a rock, nearby kelp canopy, or shore.\\n3-3. Try to use your surfboard as a buffer.\\nGet it between you body and the shark and use it as a shield, protecting your front and sides.\\nThe surfboard's buoyancy can prevent a shark from dragging you deep under the water, should it attack.\\n3-4. Defend yourself aggressively.\\nIf the shark does attack, don't play dead. Use your surfboard as a weapon. Try to avoid using your hands if possible, since you may injure them on the shark's teeth. Aim your blows at the shark's eyes, gills, or nose.\\n3-5. Get out of the water and seek immediate medical attention if attacked.\\nYour life depends on swift medical attention. Scream for help, send a friend to get the lifeguard and call 911, do whatever it takes to make sure help is on the way as soon as possible.\\nTips\\nIt might be a good idea to learn how to survive a shark attack, just in case one should occur.\\nWarnings\\nDon't assume that because you're swimming with dolphins, you'll be safe.\\nIf a shark is near, don't stay in the water. Calmly get out of the water and notify the lifeguards if the shark was close to the shore.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Though extremely rare, the chance of encountering a shark while surfing is enough to keep some people from picking up a surfboard. The likelihood of being attacked by a shark is thought to be 1 in 11.5 million, and only 4 or 5 people in the entire world die each year from shark attacks. If you're still nervous about meeting one of these ocean predators, check out these guidelines to help you further minimize the chances of an encounter.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choosing a Safe Place to Surf\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid areas where sharks are likely to feed.\", \"描述\": \"There are the obvious spots, like near fishermen or fishing boats, where bait, injured fish, and blood and guts are plentiful and may attract sharks. Other potentially dangerous areas include:\\nRiver mouths and channels. This is where food, dead animals, and fish that are flowing down-stream enter the ocean, making them great spots for sharks to hang out.\\nAreas where sewage enters the water. The sewage attracts fish, which will attract sharks.\\nDeep channels, near sandbars, or where the reef or sand drops off steeply. Sharks lurk in these areas to catch fish that wander out of the shallows.\\nWhere large groups of shark prey hang out. If there are seals pupping nearby or a population of other marine animals in the area, sharks may be hunting nearby and could easily confuse you with prey.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for warning signs.\", \"描述\": \"If sharks have recently been sighted, there should be warnings posted on the beach - heed them. If the beach is closed, come back another day.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay out of the water during prime hunting times.\", \"描述\": \"Sharks generally feed at dawn, dusk, and night, so stick to late morning or afternoon sessions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid murky water.\", \"描述\": \"Most shark attacks occur because the shark confused a surfer with prey. Visibility is low in cloudy water, making it more likely a shark will confuse you with a seal and attack.\\nWater can be especially murky following storms or heavy rainfall. Rain can also stir up baitfish and attract sharks.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider surfing in areas dense with kelp.\", \"描述\": \"Some sharks, especially adult great whites, tend to avoid kelp forests.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take a break during the month of October.\", \"描述\": \"Again, it's highly unlikely you will ever see a shark, but some experts believe that some sharks migrate closer to land during October, possibly to give birth. So, if you're really anxious about having a run-in with a shark, maybe wait until November to break out the wetsuit.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Surfing Safely\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Surf with friends.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of surfing alone, surf with a buddy or a group of people. Sharks target individuals and are less likely to approach a group.\\nSurfing with a friend increases the chances of your survival, in the unlikely event a shark attack occurs. Most shark attack fatalities are due to not getting help fast enough. A friend who can get you out of the water and notify the lifeguard could save your life.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid looking like prey.\", \"描述\": \"Sharks can't see colors, but they can see contrast (like a black and white swimming suit).Shiny objects may catch the light and resemble fish scales. Remove all jewelry before entering the water and stick to wetsuits and swimsuits in solid, bland colors.\\nYellow, orange, white, and flesh-colored suits should be avoided.\\nIf you have a high-contrast tan (areas of your exposed skin are very dark, while other areas are very white), wear a suit that covers those white areas, so you appear uniform in color.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't enter the water with any cuts or open wounds.\", \"描述\": \"If you get injured while surfing and start to bleed, get out of the water. A little blood in the water can attract sharks from up to 1/3 of a mile away.\\nSome experts also recommend women take a break from surfing during menstruation. Though it is unlikely sharks associate the blood discharged during menstruation with feeding, the other fluids in the discharge may arouse a shark's curiosity.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Encountering a Shark\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remain calm.\", \"描述\": \"Sharks are attracted to thrashing--they equate those movements with wounded prey--and can sense fear, both of which can send them into attack mode. Try to keep your wits about you so you can make smart decisions and prepare to defend yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get out of the water.\", \"描述\": \"If the shark is nearby and hasn't attacked, move toward the shore as swiftly and quietly as you can, using smooth, rhythmic strokes.\\nTry to keep the shark in your sights at all times.\\nIf you notice the shark is displaying aggressive behavior (erratic movements, a hunched back, or quick turns), move as quickly as possible to a rock, nearby kelp canopy, or shore.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try to use your surfboard as a buffer.\", \"描述\": \"Get it between you body and the shark and use it as a shield, protecting your front and sides.\\nThe surfboard's buoyancy can prevent a shark from dragging you deep under the water, should it attack.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Defend yourself aggressively.\", \"描述\": \"If the shark does attack, don't play dead. Use your surfboard as a weapon. Try to avoid using your hands if possible, since you may injure them on the shark's teeth. Aim your blows at the shark's eyes, gills, or nose.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get out of the water and seek immediate medical attention if attacked.\", \"描述\": \"Your life depends on swift medical attention. Scream for help, send a friend to get the lifeguard and call 911, do whatever it takes to make sure help is on the way as soon as possible.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It might be a good idea to learn how to survive a shark attack, just in case one should occur.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't assume that because you're swimming with dolphins, you'll be safe.\\n\", \"If a shark is near, don't stay in the water. Calmly get out of the water and notify the lifeguards if the shark was close to the shore.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,189 | How to Avoid Side Effects when Using Flonase (Fluticasone) | 1. Preparing to Use Flonase
1-1. Learn how Flonase works.
It's a corticosteroid that stops your body from releasing the chemicals that cause allergies. It is specific to symptoms caused by allergies, and will not relieve similar symptoms with other causes. For example, it will stop a runny nose from allergies, but not from a cold. In the past, doctors prescribed it if you had constant allergy symptoms that don't respond to over the counter (OTC) medications. Recently, though, Flonase was approved for over the counter use, and may be available at your pharmacy.
Intranasal steroids (INS) like Flonase act on many inflammatory substances and help block the body from producing them while antihistamines block only the histamine release.
1-2. Be aware of the side effects.
There are two types of side effects for this medication. Because it is administered as a nasal spray, you may experience nosebleeds, headaches, sneezing, and dry or irritated nose and throat. Because it is a corticosteroid, you may experience upper respiratory infections, cataracts or glaucoma, and slower growth rate in children who use it for a prolonged time period. Less common side effects also include diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Nosebleeds are the most common side effect from using Flonase.
If you experience other side effects from the medication, such as cough, fever, headache or muscle aches, sore throat, or fatigue, see your doctor.
1-3. Go over your other medications with your doctor or pharmacist.
Provide her with a complete list of other prescription and OTC medications you're taking. Include any vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you take or have recently taken. Physicians and pharmacists can review medication lists to ensure no interactions occur between medication that are taken.Some drugs (HIV drugs and antifungals, for example) may interact negatively with Flonase, so you and your doctor will need to come up with a plan to manage interactions or alter treatment. It may be as simple as changing your dosage and monitoring for side effects.
1-4. Give the doctor your medical history.
Flonase may also cause unwanted side effects if you have or previously had certain medical conditions. If you have a compromised immune system, use of a corticosteroid could lower the body's ability to fight infection. Provide the doctor with a detailed medical history. Make sure to note any of the following conditions known to interact poorly with Flonase:
Cataracts (clouding in the lens of your eye)
Glaucoma (an eye fluid-pressure disease)
Current nose sores
Any type of untreated infection
Herpes infection in the eye
Recent nose surgery or injury
Previous diagnosis of tuberculosis (a type of infection) in your lungs
Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while using fluticasone, call your doctor immediately.
2. Using Flonase Properly
2-1. Use Flonase as directed.
Proper usage is important to minimize side effects. Read the instructions on the packaging and follow the dosing schedule, or follow your doctor or pharmacist's instructions precisely. Ask questions about anything you may not understand to ensure you're using the drug properly.
Do not use Flonase any more or less in either amount or frequency than your doctor has prescribed.
2-2. Do not swallow Flonase.
Because the nose and throat are closely related, nasal sprays can sometimes drip into the back of your mouth or throat. Flonase is not meant to be swallowed, though, and this may cause unwanted side effects. Instead of swallowing, spit it out into the sink and rinse your mouth out.
Also be careful not to get it in your eyes or mouth. Rinse thoroughly if you do.
2-3. Be patient.
Don't expect it to immediately cure all of your symptoms. Your symptoms may lessen the after the first 12 hours but it will take at least several days to see the full benefit. Allow a few days for Flonase to work, and use it regularly on the prescribed schedule. It's important to continue using fluticasone even when you feel well, or symptoms may return. Don't stop using it without first talking to your doctor. After a period of time, he may recommend decreasing your dosage.
2-4. Report side effects immediately.
Reporting side effects immediately helps your doctor get a sense of how to adjust your treatment. Be especially alert if you've overused it or if you develop sensitivity. Common side effects include headache, dryness or burning of the nasal passage, nosebleed, dizziness, upper respiratory infections, nausea and vomiting. If any of these side effects are severe, contact your doctor right away. However, if you experience any of the following severe side effects, stop using the drug and contact your doctor:
Swelling of face, neck, feet, or ankles
Difficulty breathing or swallowing
Wheezing breaths
Fatigue
Hives
Fever
Unexpected bruising.
3. Using the Correct Administration Technique
3-1. Shake the pump-bottle gently.
Do this before removing the sprayer's dust cover to prevent accidental spraying. You do this for the same reason you may shake a juice before drinking it. Liquid mixtures sometimes separate a bit, and shaking ensures an even distribution of ingredients. This is especially important with medication. Remove the sprayer's dust cover after shaking the bottle.
3-2. Prime the pump if necessary.
To use it for the first time or after not having used it for a week or more, you must prime the Flonase bottle. Hold the pump applicator vertically between your forefinger and middle finger. The bottom of the bottle should be supported by your thumb. Point the spray nozzle away from your face and body.
The very first time you use a new bottle, press down on the pump six times to let off pressure.
To re-prime a bottle you've used before, press down and release the pump until you see a fine spray.
3-3. Blow your nose.
Before using the nasal spray, you need to clear your nasal passages. Otherwise, the medication might get caught in the front of the nostril, where it will be less effective. Blow your nose until you have completely cleared your nostrils.
Do not blow your nose after using the spray.
3-4. Position the applicator in the nostril.
Lean your head slightly forward and carefully place the nasal applicator into one nostril. Be sure to keep the bottle upright, and hold the other nostril closed with a finger. You should be holding the pump with the applicator between your forefinger and middle finger, and the bottom supported by your thumb.
3-5. Administer the drug.
Breathe in through your nose while pressing the pump to spray the drug into your nostril. Take a normal breath in through that nostril, but breathe out through your mouth. This prevents you from blowing the medication back out through your nose. Repeat the steps in the other nostril.
3-6. Keep the applicator clean.
Improper hygiene can increase the chances of infection with repeated usage. Every time you finish using the applicator, wipe it with a clean tissue and replace the dust cover. At least once a week, you should clean your nasal spray applicator with warm water. Remove the cap, then pull on the applicator (tip) to remove it. Wash the cap and applicator in warm water. Dry them at room temperature, and then put them back on the bottle.
4. Taking Precautions While Using Flonase
4-1. Report illness immediately.
Since Flonase is a corticosteroid and may decrease your body’s ability to fight infections, you need to take extra precautions while using it. If you get sick, let your doctor know immediately. You should always give healthcare providers a complete list of medications you're taking. Remember to include fluticasone inhalation/spray on your list.
4-2. Avoid infectious germs and diseases.
Stay away from people who are sick and wash your hands often. Be especially careful to stay away from people who have chickenpox or measles. Tell your doctor right away if you find out that you have been around someone who has one of these viruses.
4-3. Report Flonase use before surgeries or emergency treatment.
In rare cases, prolonged use of corticosteroids decreases your body's ability to respond to physical stress. As such, it's very important that your doctors know you're using Flonase before you undergo any surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment.
Tips
Flonase is a type of steroid called a corticosteroid. Fluticasone exerts its beneficial effects by inhibiting several types of cells and chemicals involved in allergic, immune and inflammatory responses from the over-activity in these processes. When used as a nasal inhaler or spray, the medication goes directly to the lining within the nose, and little is absorbed into the rest of the body.
If you have been taking oral steroids (caps or tabs), your doctor may need to gradually decrease your steroid dose after you begin using fluticasone (corticosteroid).
Be cautious because your body may be less able to cope with stress such as surgery, illness, severe asthma attack, or injury during this time.
Warnings
Talk to your doctor before giving Flonase to children.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:27",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing to Use Flonase\\n1-1. Learn how Flonase works.\\nIt's a corticosteroid that stops your body from releasing the chemicals that cause allergies. It is specific to symptoms caused by allergies, and will not relieve similar symptoms with other causes. For example, it will stop a runny nose from allergies, but not from a cold. In the past, doctors prescribed it if you had constant allergy symptoms that don't respond to over the counter (OTC) medications. Recently, though, Flonase was approved for over the counter use, and may be available at your pharmacy.\\nIntranasal steroids (INS) like Flonase act on many inflammatory substances and help block the body from producing them while antihistamines block only the histamine release.\\n1-2. Be aware of the side effects.\\nThere are two types of side effects for this medication. Because it is administered as a nasal spray, you may experience nosebleeds, headaches, sneezing, and dry or irritated nose and throat. Because it is a corticosteroid, you may experience upper respiratory infections, cataracts or glaucoma, and slower growth rate in children who use it for a prolonged time period. Less common side effects also include diarrhea and abdominal pain.\\nNosebleeds are the most common side effect from using Flonase.\\nIf you experience other side effects from the medication, such as cough, fever, headache or muscle aches, sore throat, or fatigue, see your doctor.\\n1-3. Go over your other medications with your doctor or pharmacist.\\nProvide her with a complete list of other prescription and OTC medications you're taking. Include any vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you take or have recently taken. Physicians and pharmacists can review medication lists to ensure no interactions occur between medication that are taken.Some drugs (HIV drugs and antifungals, for example) may interact negatively with Flonase, so you and your doctor will need to come up with a plan to manage interactions or alter treatment. It may be as simple as changing your dosage and monitoring for side effects.\\n1-4. Give the doctor your medical history.\\nFlonase may also cause unwanted side effects if you have or previously had certain medical conditions. If you have a compromised immune system, use of a corticosteroid could lower the body's ability to fight infection. Provide the doctor with a detailed medical history. Make sure to note any of the following conditions known to interact poorly with Flonase:\\nCataracts (clouding in the lens of your eye)\\nGlaucoma (an eye fluid-pressure disease)\\nCurrent nose sores\\nAny type of untreated infection\\nHerpes infection in the eye\\nRecent nose surgery or injury\\nPrevious diagnosis of tuberculosis (a type of infection) in your lungs\\nPregnancy, breastfeeding, or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while using fluticasone, call your doctor immediately.\\n2. Using Flonase Properly\\n2-1. Use Flonase as directed.\\nProper usage is important to minimize side effects. Read the instructions on the packaging and follow the dosing schedule, or follow your doctor or pharmacist's instructions precisely. Ask questions about anything you may not understand to ensure you're using the drug properly.\\nDo not use Flonase any more or less in either amount or frequency than your doctor has prescribed.\\n2-2. Do not swallow Flonase.\\nBecause the nose and throat are closely related, nasal sprays can sometimes drip into the back of your mouth or throat. Flonase is not meant to be swallowed, though, and this may cause unwanted side effects. Instead of swallowing, spit it out into the sink and rinse your mouth out.\\nAlso be careful not to get it in your eyes or mouth. Rinse thoroughly if you do.\\n2-3. Be patient.\\nDon't expect it to immediately cure all of your symptoms. Your symptoms may lessen the after the first 12 hours but it will take at least several days to see the full benefit. Allow a few days for Flonase to work, and use it regularly on the prescribed schedule. It's important to continue using fluticasone even when you feel well, or symptoms may return. Don't stop using it without first talking to your doctor. After a period of time, he may recommend decreasing your dosage.\\n2-4. Report side effects immediately.\\nReporting side effects immediately helps your doctor get a sense of how to adjust your treatment. Be especially alert if you've overused it or if you develop sensitivity. Common side effects include headache, dryness or burning of the nasal passage, nosebleed, dizziness, upper respiratory infections, nausea and vomiting. If any of these side effects are severe, contact your doctor right away. However, if you experience any of the following severe side effects, stop using the drug and contact your doctor:\\nSwelling of face, neck, feet, or ankles\\nDifficulty breathing or swallowing\\nWheezing breaths\\nFatigue\\nHives\\nFever\\nUnexpected bruising.\\n3. Using the Correct Administration Technique\\n3-1. Shake the pump-bottle gently.\\nDo this before removing the sprayer's dust cover to prevent accidental spraying. You do this for the same reason you may shake a juice before drinking it. Liquid mixtures sometimes separate a bit, and shaking ensures an even distribution of ingredients. This is especially important with medication. Remove the sprayer's dust cover after shaking the bottle.\\n3-2. Prime the pump if necessary.\\nTo use it for the first time or after not having used it for a week or more, you must prime the Flonase bottle. Hold the pump applicator vertically between your forefinger and middle finger. The bottom of the bottle should be supported by your thumb. Point the spray nozzle away from your face and body.\\nThe very first time you use a new bottle, press down on the pump six times to let off pressure.\\nTo re-prime a bottle you've used before, press down and release the pump until you see a fine spray.\\n3-3. Blow your nose.\\nBefore using the nasal spray, you need to clear your nasal passages. Otherwise, the medication might get caught in the front of the nostril, where it will be less effective. Blow your nose until you have completely cleared your nostrils.\\nDo not blow your nose after using the spray.\\n3-4. Position the applicator in the nostril.\\nLean your head slightly forward and carefully place the nasal applicator into one nostril. Be sure to keep the bottle upright, and hold the other nostril closed with a finger. You should be holding the pump with the applicator between your forefinger and middle finger, and the bottom supported by your thumb.\\n3-5. Administer the drug.\\nBreathe in through your nose while pressing the pump to spray the drug into your nostril. Take a normal breath in through that nostril, but breathe out through your mouth. This prevents you from blowing the medication back out through your nose. Repeat the steps in the other nostril.\\n3-6. Keep the applicator clean.\\nImproper hygiene can increase the chances of infection with repeated usage. Every time you finish using the applicator, wipe it with a clean tissue and replace the dust cover. At least once a week, you should clean your nasal spray applicator with warm water. Remove the cap, then pull on the applicator (tip) to remove it. Wash the cap and applicator in warm water. Dry them at room temperature, and then put them back on the bottle.\\n4. Taking Precautions While Using Flonase\\n4-1. Report illness immediately.\\nSince Flonase is a corticosteroid and may decrease your body’s ability to fight infections, you need to take extra precautions while using it. If you get sick, let your doctor know immediately. You should always give healthcare providers a complete list of medications you're taking. Remember to include fluticasone inhalation/spray on your list.\\n4-2. Avoid infectious germs and diseases.\\nStay away from people who are sick and wash your hands often. Be especially careful to stay away from people who have chickenpox or measles. Tell your doctor right away if you find out that you have been around someone who has one of these viruses.\\n4-3. Report Flonase use before surgeries or emergency treatment.\\nIn rare cases, prolonged use of corticosteroids decreases your body's ability to respond to physical stress. As such, it's very important that your doctors know you're using Flonase before you undergo any surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment.\\nTips\\nFlonase is a type of steroid called a corticosteroid. Fluticasone exerts its beneficial effects by inhibiting several types of cells and chemicals involved in allergic, immune and inflammatory responses from the over-activity in these processes. When used as a nasal inhaler or spray, the medication goes directly to the lining within the nose, and little is absorbed into the rest of the body.\\nIf you have been taking oral steroids (caps or tabs), your doctor may need to gradually decrease your steroid dose after you begin using fluticasone (corticosteroid).\\nBe cautious because your body may be less able to cope with stress such as surgery, illness, severe asthma attack, or injury during this time.\\nWarnings\\nTalk to your doctor before giving Flonase to children.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Flonase (fluticasone) is a nasal spray that treats both seasonal and year-round allergies. While it will not cure these conditions, Flonase can relieve symptoms like nasal swelling, sneezing, stuffy, runny, or itchy nose. This medication is a corticosteroid, and repeated improper use can increase side effects. However, with a bit of education and care, you can treat your allergy symptoms without suffering the side effects.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing to Use Flonase\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn how Flonase works.\", \"描述\": \"It's a corticosteroid that stops your body from releasing the chemicals that cause allergies. It is specific to symptoms caused by allergies, and will not relieve similar symptoms with other causes. For example, it will stop a runny nose from allergies, but not from a cold. In the past, doctors prescribed it if you had constant allergy symptoms that don't respond to over the counter (OTC) medications. Recently, though, Flonase was approved for over the counter use, and may be available at your pharmacy.\\nIntranasal steroids (INS) like Flonase act on many inflammatory substances and help block the body from producing them while antihistamines block only the histamine release.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be aware of the side effects.\", \"描述\": \"There are two types of side effects for this medication. Because it is administered as a nasal spray, you may experience nosebleeds, headaches, sneezing, and dry or irritated nose and throat. Because it is a corticosteroid, you may experience upper respiratory infections, cataracts or glaucoma, and slower growth rate in children who use it for a prolonged time period. Less common side effects also include diarrhea and abdominal pain.\\nNosebleeds are the most common side effect from using Flonase.\\nIf you experience other side effects from the medication, such as cough, fever, headache or muscle aches, sore throat, or fatigue, see your doctor.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go over your other medications with your doctor or pharmacist.\", \"描述\": \"Provide her with a complete list of other prescription and OTC medications you're taking. Include any vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you take or have recently taken. Physicians and pharmacists can review medication lists to ensure no interactions occur between medication that are taken.Some drugs (HIV drugs and antifungals, for example) may interact negatively with Flonase, so you and your doctor will need to come up with a plan to manage interactions or alter treatment. It may be as simple as changing your dosage and monitoring for side effects.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Give the doctor your medical history.\", \"描述\": \"Flonase may also cause unwanted side effects if you have or previously had certain medical conditions. If you have a compromised immune system, use of a corticosteroid could lower the body's ability to fight infection. Provide the doctor with a detailed medical history. Make sure to note any of the following conditions known to interact poorly with Flonase:\\nCataracts (clouding in the lens of your eye)\\nGlaucoma (an eye fluid-pressure disease)\\nCurrent nose sores\\nAny type of untreated infection\\nHerpes infection in the eye\\nRecent nose surgery or injury\\nPrevious diagnosis of tuberculosis (a type of infection) in your lungs\\nPregnancy, breastfeeding, or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while using fluticasone, call your doctor immediately.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Flonase Properly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use Flonase as directed.\", \"描述\": \"Proper usage is important to minimize side effects. Read the instructions on the packaging and follow the dosing schedule, or follow your doctor or pharmacist's instructions precisely. Ask questions about anything you may not understand to ensure you're using the drug properly.\\nDo not use Flonase any more or less in either amount or frequency than your doctor has prescribed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do not swallow Flonase.\", \"描述\": \"Because the nose and throat are closely related, nasal sprays can sometimes drip into the back of your mouth or throat. Flonase is not meant to be swallowed, though, and this may cause unwanted side effects. Instead of swallowing, spit it out into the sink and rinse your mouth out.\\nAlso be careful not to get it in your eyes or mouth. Rinse thoroughly if you do.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be patient.\", \"描述\": \"Don't expect it to immediately cure all of your symptoms. Your symptoms may lessen the after the first 12 hours but it will take at least several days to see the full benefit. Allow a few days for Flonase to work, and use it regularly on the prescribed schedule. It's important to continue using fluticasone even when you feel well, or symptoms may return. Don't stop using it without first talking to your doctor. After a period of time, he may recommend decreasing your dosage.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Report side effects immediately.\", \"描述\": \"Reporting side effects immediately helps your doctor get a sense of how to adjust your treatment. Be especially alert if you've overused it or if you develop sensitivity. Common side effects include headache, dryness or burning of the nasal passage, nosebleed, dizziness, upper respiratory infections, nausea and vomiting. If any of these side effects are severe, contact your doctor right away. However, if you experience any of the following severe side effects, stop using the drug and contact your doctor:\\nSwelling of face, neck, feet, or ankles\\nDifficulty breathing or swallowing\\nWheezing breaths\\nFatigue\\nHives\\nFever\\nUnexpected bruising.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using the Correct Administration Technique\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Shake the pump-bottle gently.\", \"描述\": \"Do this before removing the sprayer's dust cover to prevent accidental spraying. You do this for the same reason you may shake a juice before drinking it. Liquid mixtures sometimes separate a bit, and shaking ensures an even distribution of ingredients. This is especially important with medication. Remove the sprayer's dust cover after shaking the bottle.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prime the pump if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"To use it for the first time or after not having used it for a week or more, you must prime the Flonase bottle. Hold the pump applicator vertically between your forefinger and middle finger. The bottom of the bottle should be supported by your thumb. Point the spray nozzle away from your face and body.\\nThe very first time you use a new bottle, press down on the pump six times to let off pressure.\\nTo re-prime a bottle you've used before, press down and release the pump until you see a fine spray.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Blow your nose.\", \"描述\": \"Before using the nasal spray, you need to clear your nasal passages. Otherwise, the medication might get caught in the front of the nostril, where it will be less effective. Blow your nose until you have completely cleared your nostrils.\\nDo not blow your nose after using the spray.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Position the applicator in the nostril.\", \"描述\": \"Lean your head slightly forward and carefully place the nasal applicator into one nostril. Be sure to keep the bottle upright, and hold the other nostril closed with a finger. You should be holding the pump with the applicator between your forefinger and middle finger, and the bottom supported by your thumb.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Administer the drug.\", \"描述\": \"Breathe in through your nose while pressing the pump to spray the drug into your nostril. Take a normal breath in through that nostril, but breathe out through your mouth. This prevents you from blowing the medication back out through your nose. Repeat the steps in the other nostril.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep the applicator clean.\", \"描述\": \"Improper hygiene can increase the chances of infection with repeated usage. Every time you finish using the applicator, wipe it with a clean tissue and replace the dust cover. At least once a week, you should clean your nasal spray applicator with warm water. Remove the cap, then pull on the applicator (tip) to remove it. Wash the cap and applicator in warm water. Dry them at room temperature, and then put them back on the bottle.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Taking Precautions While Using Flonase\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Report illness immediately.\", \"描述\": \"Since Flonase is a corticosteroid and may decrease your body’s ability to fight infections, you need to take extra precautions while using it. If you get sick, let your doctor know immediately. You should always give healthcare providers a complete list of medications you're taking. Remember to include fluticasone inhalation/spray on your list.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid infectious germs and diseases.\", \"描述\": \"Stay away from people who are sick and wash your hands often. Be especially careful to stay away from people who have chickenpox or measles. Tell your doctor right away if you find out that you have been around someone who has one of these viruses.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Report Flonase use before surgeries or emergency treatment.\", \"描述\": \"In rare cases, prolonged use of corticosteroids decreases your body's ability to respond to physical stress. As such, it's very important that your doctors know you're using Flonase before you undergo any surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Flonase is a type of steroid called a corticosteroid. Fluticasone exerts its beneficial effects by inhibiting several types of cells and chemicals involved in allergic, immune and inflammatory responses from the over-activity in these processes. When used as a nasal inhaler or spray, the medication goes directly to the lining within the nose, and little is absorbed into the rest of the body.\\n\", \"If you have been taking oral steroids (caps or tabs), your doctor may need to gradually decrease your steroid dose after you begin using fluticasone (corticosteroid).\\n\", \"Be cautious because your body may be less able to cope with stress such as surgery, illness, severe asthma attack, or injury during this time.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Talk to your doctor before giving Flonase to children.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,190 | How to Avoid Singing Through Your Nose | 1. Lifting Your Soft Palate
1-1. Identify your soft palate.
The roof of your mouth is made up of a hard palate and a soft palate. If you touch it with your tongue, you can identify.
The hard palate stays in place. This is what's thought of as the roof of your mouth. It's the part of your mouth made of bone and covered with skin. It's encased between your teeth and attached to your skull.
Further back in your mouth is the softer, fleshier area of the soft palate. It can move up and down when you touch your tongue to it and it moves and stretches up whenever you speak, eat, yawn—basically anytime you use your mouth. Lifting your soft palate is key to controlling your voice, and can help you prevent singing through your nose.
1-2. Practice lifting your soft palate.
Imagine there is a ping-pong ball in the back of your mouth. You would need to have your soft palate lifted if there were an object back there taking up space.
Alternatively, you can do a half yawn. Notice that you lift or stretch your soft palate upward while you do this. Practicing this will familiarize you with the feeling of lifting your soft palate.
You can also practice inhaling a soft K sound. This will naturally lift your soft palate, just slightly, so it is not as dramatic as the lift would be if you had a ping-pong ball in your mouth.
1-3. Practice talking with your soft palate raised.
Raise your soft palate and speak. You can try talking to yourself or doing something like reading a book out loud with your soft palate raised. It may feel and sound silly, but you will train yourself to be able to lift the soft palate on demand. This can also help you learn how to make noise with your mouth while raising your soft palate.
1-4. Practice singing with your soft palate raised.
Once you are rather comfortable talking with your soft palate raised, practice singing. You should notice a difference in the tone of your voice.
Raising the soft palate creates more room for your voice to resonate in your mouth, giving it a richer tone.
You may want to compare the sound to the sound you make when you were singing through your nose by first singing like you used to, with your soft palate lowered, and then singing with your palate raised. It’ll be easier to hear the improvement.
Aim to find the "sweet spot" between raising and lowering your soft palate to create the best sound. Note that you'll need to raise your soft palate higher for high notes than lower notes.
2. Practicing Vocal Techniques
2-1. Practice good breath support.
Nasal singing is often a result of an under-supported voice. Aim to breathe deeply from your diaphragm (your lower lungs). Imagine that there's a rubber ring around your waist where your diaphragm is and try to push the ring outward as you inhale. However, be sure to avoid raising your shoulders as you breathe in. Keep them relaxed and level.Breathe in through your nose and breathe out through your nose and your mouth.
2-2. Do lip trills to warm up.
It's important to warm up your voice before you begin singing. Practice lip trills, hum, and sing scales and arpeggios to get your voice ready for a performance or practice session. These exercises also encourage airflow, which can prevent you from having a nasally tone.
2-3. Replace the lyrics of your song with “gah.”
This vocal exercise can help get rid of nasal singing. The sound “g” will naturally move your voice further down, adding richness to your tone and bringing it away from the nose. The “ah” makes you drop your jaw and your tongue, which will also add depth to your tone. Try singing your song, but replacing the words with "gah." Simply keep making the noise "gah" while following the tune of a song.
Keep your jaw relaxed as you do this to prevent strain.
Once you’ve practiced your song with “gah” sound, try to incorporate the lyrics back in. You may notice you sound less nasally.
If you struggle with sounding nasal at particular places in the song, you can always begin your practice by singing “gah” on those parts of the song before adding the lyrics back in.
2-4. Plug your nose while you sing.
If you are singing through your nose, this will exacerbate the nasal quality. You may sound more nasally when singing through your nose. However, this method will block the nasal passage so you will have to figure out how to sing through your mouth, rather than your nose. This can help your singing down the road.
You may sound less nasally once you have experience singing without being able to channel air through your nose.
2-5. Adopt a pleasant expression when you sing.
You should strive to sing with your throat open, as this raises your soft palate and can therefore prevent nasally singing. One way to achieve an open throat is to sing with a pleasant expression as this will naturally lift up your throat.
Do not attempt to smile, as this can look unnatural. Instead, gently lift up your cheeks. You can do so by slightly lifting the zygomatic muscles. These are the muscles on the side of the mouth you would lift when smiling.
During speech and singing, many people have a tendency to pull their facial muscles down slightly. By adopting a pleasant expression when singing, you can combat this tendency. This can create an open throat, making nasally singing less likely.
2-6. Find a voice teacher.
There are some incredible voice teachers out there, who are experts in the field and can help you on your path to singing without sounding nasally. If you walk through vocal techniques with a voice teacher, he or she can provide more specifics based on your personal style and skill set. Look online or in the local yellow pages to find a voice teacher in your area.
You can also ask your choir director or musicians you know to refer you to a voice teacher.
3. Improving Your Posture
3-1. Practice singing while standing against a wall.
Until the proper posture is second nature to you, you can practice singing while standing up against a wall. Keep your heels, calves, buttocks, shoulders, and head against the wall to ensure your entire body is aligned.
3-2. Keep your back straight and shoulders down.
This will help you keep your chest lifted, which can help improve the sound of your singing. Allowing air to more easily travel through your lungs can help you sing with your chest and mouth rather than through your nose.
The shoulders should not be shoved back, just slightly back so you are not hunching forward.
3-3. Make sure your chin is parallel to the floor.
You can use a mirror to check that your chin isn’t raised or tucked in too far.
3-4. Do not lock your knees.
Even if you’re nervous, it’s very important that you keep your knees loose. Locked knees can block some of the veins necessary to get blood to the heart. You could end up losing consciousness.
3-5. Stay relaxed.
Keep your neck muscles and shoulders loose. If you’ve had to correct your posture significantly, these new positions will feel uncomfortable for a little while. It may be difficult to relax and loosen up at first. However, keep practicing. A new posture should feel better over time as your body gets used to it.
3-6. Engage your abdominal muscles.
You want to make sure that you are engaging your core, but that you are not stiff. Channel your breath through your abdomen when you're singing. Try placing one hand on your abdomen. As you breathe, make sure that your abdomen is expanding when you breathe in. This means that it is relaxed.
Tips
Singing is as much a mental activity as it is physical. If you think you can do it, you will be able to. Don't let shyness or embarrassment hold you back.
Make sure to always sing using your diaphragm.
Breathing exercises can help you to stop sounding nasal while singing.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:27",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Lifting Your Soft Palate\\n1-1. Identify your soft palate.\\nThe roof of your mouth is made up of a hard palate and a soft palate. If you touch it with your tongue, you can identify. \\nThe hard palate stays in place. This is what's thought of as the roof of your mouth. It's the part of your mouth made of bone and covered with skin. It's encased between your teeth and attached to your skull.\\nFurther back in your mouth is the softer, fleshier area of the soft palate. It can move up and down when you touch your tongue to it and it moves and stretches up whenever you speak, eat, yawn—basically anytime you use your mouth. Lifting your soft palate is key to controlling your voice, and can help you prevent singing through your nose.\\n1-2. Practice lifting your soft palate.\\nImagine there is a ping-pong ball in the back of your mouth. You would need to have your soft palate lifted if there were an object back there taking up space.\\nAlternatively, you can do a half yawn. Notice that you lift or stretch your soft palate upward while you do this. Practicing this will familiarize you with the feeling of lifting your soft palate.\\nYou can also practice inhaling a soft K sound. This will naturally lift your soft palate, just slightly, so it is not as dramatic as the lift would be if you had a ping-pong ball in your mouth.\\n1-3. Practice talking with your soft palate raised.\\nRaise your soft palate and speak. You can try talking to yourself or doing something like reading a book out loud with your soft palate raised. It may feel and sound silly, but you will train yourself to be able to lift the soft palate on demand. This can also help you learn how to make noise with your mouth while raising your soft palate.\\n1-4. Practice singing with your soft palate raised.\\nOnce you are rather comfortable talking with your soft palate raised, practice singing. You should notice a difference in the tone of your voice.\\nRaising the soft palate creates more room for your voice to resonate in your mouth, giving it a richer tone.\\nYou may want to compare the sound to the sound you make when you were singing through your nose by first singing like you used to, with your soft palate lowered, and then singing with your palate raised. It’ll be easier to hear the improvement.\\nAim to find the \\\"sweet spot\\\" between raising and lowering your soft palate to create the best sound. Note that you'll need to raise your soft palate higher for high notes than lower notes.\\n2. Practicing Vocal Techniques\\n2-1. Practice good breath support.\\nNasal singing is often a result of an under-supported voice. Aim to breathe deeply from your diaphragm (your lower lungs). Imagine that there's a rubber ring around your waist where your diaphragm is and try to push the ring outward as you inhale. However, be sure to avoid raising your shoulders as you breathe in. Keep them relaxed and level.Breathe in through your nose and breathe out through your nose and your mouth.\\n2-2. Do lip trills to warm up.\\nIt's important to warm up your voice before you begin singing. Practice lip trills, hum, and sing scales and arpeggios to get your voice ready for a performance or practice session. These exercises also encourage airflow, which can prevent you from having a nasally tone.\\n2-3. Replace the lyrics of your song with “gah.”\\nThis vocal exercise can help get rid of nasal singing. The sound “g” will naturally move your voice further down, adding richness to your tone and bringing it away from the nose. The “ah” makes you drop your jaw and your tongue, which will also add depth to your tone. Try singing your song, but replacing the words with \\\"gah.\\\" Simply keep making the noise \\\"gah\\\" while following the tune of a song.\\nKeep your jaw relaxed as you do this to prevent strain.\\nOnce you’ve practiced your song with “gah” sound, try to incorporate the lyrics back in. You may notice you sound less nasally.\\nIf you struggle with sounding nasal at particular places in the song, you can always begin your practice by singing “gah” on those parts of the song before adding the lyrics back in.\\n2-4. Plug your nose while you sing.\\nIf you are singing through your nose, this will exacerbate the nasal quality. You may sound more nasally when singing through your nose. However, this method will block the nasal passage so you will have to figure out how to sing through your mouth, rather than your nose. This can help your singing down the road.\\nYou may sound less nasally once you have experience singing without being able to channel air through your nose.\\n2-5. Adopt a pleasant expression when you sing.\\nYou should strive to sing with your throat open, as this raises your soft palate and can therefore prevent nasally singing. One way to achieve an open throat is to sing with a pleasant expression as this will naturally lift up your throat.\\nDo not attempt to smile, as this can look unnatural. Instead, gently lift up your cheeks. You can do so by slightly lifting the zygomatic muscles. These are the muscles on the side of the mouth you would lift when smiling.\\nDuring speech and singing, many people have a tendency to pull their facial muscles down slightly. By adopting a pleasant expression when singing, you can combat this tendency. This can create an open throat, making nasally singing less likely.\\n2-6. Find a voice teacher.\\nThere are some incredible voice teachers out there, who are experts in the field and can help you on your path to singing without sounding nasally. If you walk through vocal techniques with a voice teacher, he or she can provide more specifics based on your personal style and skill set. Look online or in the local yellow pages to find a voice teacher in your area. \\nYou can also ask your choir director or musicians you know to refer you to a voice teacher.\\n3. Improving Your Posture\\n3-1. Practice singing while standing against a wall.\\nUntil the proper posture is second nature to you, you can practice singing while standing up against a wall. Keep your heels, calves, buttocks, shoulders, and head against the wall to ensure your entire body is aligned.\\n3-2. Keep your back straight and shoulders down.\\nThis will help you keep your chest lifted, which can help improve the sound of your singing. Allowing air to more easily travel through your lungs can help you sing with your chest and mouth rather than through your nose.\\nThe shoulders should not be shoved back, just slightly back so you are not hunching forward.\\n3-3. Make sure your chin is parallel to the floor.\\nYou can use a mirror to check that your chin isn’t raised or tucked in too far.\\n3-4. Do not lock your knees.\\nEven if you’re nervous, it’s very important that you keep your knees loose. Locked knees can block some of the veins necessary to get blood to the heart. You could end up losing consciousness.\\n3-5. Stay relaxed.\\nKeep your neck muscles and shoulders loose. If you’ve had to correct your posture significantly, these new positions will feel uncomfortable for a little while. It may be difficult to relax and loosen up at first. However, keep practicing. A new posture should feel better over time as your body gets used to it.\\n3-6. Engage your abdominal muscles.\\nYou want to make sure that you are engaging your core, but that you are not stiff. Channel your breath through your abdomen when you're singing. Try placing one hand on your abdomen. As you breathe, make sure that your abdomen is expanding when you breathe in. This means that it is relaxed.\\nTips\\nSinging is as much a mental activity as it is physical. If you think you can do it, you will be able to. Don't let shyness or embarrassment hold you back.\\nMake sure to always sing using your diaphragm.\\nBreathing exercises can help you to stop sounding nasal while singing.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Though nasal singing is appropriate for some styles of music, it’s generally not a pleasant sound to hear. The nasal sound is made when the soft palate on the roof of the mouth is lowered, allowing air to escape through the nasal cavity. Fortunately, it’s pretty simple to correct. With some tips and tricks, you can easily outsmart this common vocal problem.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Lifting Your Soft Palate\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify your soft palate.\", \"描述\": \"The roof of your mouth is made up of a hard palate and a soft palate. If you touch it with your tongue, you can identify. \\nThe hard palate stays in place. This is what's thought of as the roof of your mouth. It's the part of your mouth made of bone and covered with skin. It's encased between your teeth and attached to your skull.\\nFurther back in your mouth is the softer, fleshier area of the soft palate. It can move up and down when you touch your tongue to it and it moves and stretches up whenever you speak, eat, yawn—basically anytime you use your mouth. Lifting your soft palate is key to controlling your voice, and can help you prevent singing through your nose.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice lifting your soft palate.\", \"描述\": \"Imagine there is a ping-pong ball in the back of your mouth. You would need to have your soft palate lifted if there were an object back there taking up space.\\nAlternatively, you can do a half yawn. Notice that you lift or stretch your soft palate upward while you do this. Practicing this will familiarize you with the feeling of lifting your soft palate.\\nYou can also practice inhaling a soft K sound. This will naturally lift your soft palate, just slightly, so it is not as dramatic as the lift would be if you had a ping-pong ball in your mouth.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice talking with your soft palate raised.\", \"描述\": \"Raise your soft palate and speak. You can try talking to yourself or doing something like reading a book out loud with your soft palate raised. It may feel and sound silly, but you will train yourself to be able to lift the soft palate on demand. This can also help you learn how to make noise with your mouth while raising your soft palate.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice singing with your soft palate raised.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are rather comfortable talking with your soft palate raised, practice singing. You should notice a difference in the tone of your voice.\\nRaising the soft palate creates more room for your voice to resonate in your mouth, giving it a richer tone.\\nYou may want to compare the sound to the sound you make when you were singing through your nose by first singing like you used to, with your soft palate lowered, and then singing with your palate raised. It’ll be easier to hear the improvement.\\nAim to find the \\\"sweet spot\\\" between raising and lowering your soft palate to create the best sound. Note that you'll need to raise your soft palate higher for high notes than lower notes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practicing Vocal Techniques\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice good breath support.\", \"描述\": \"Nasal singing is often a result of an under-supported voice. Aim to breathe deeply from your diaphragm (your lower lungs). Imagine that there's a rubber ring around your waist where your diaphragm is and try to push the ring outward as you inhale. However, be sure to avoid raising your shoulders as you breathe in. Keep them relaxed and level.Breathe in through your nose and breathe out through your nose and your mouth.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do lip trills to warm up.\", \"描述\": \"It's important to warm up your voice before you begin singing. Practice lip trills, hum, and sing scales and arpeggios to get your voice ready for a performance or practice session. These exercises also encourage airflow, which can prevent you from having a nasally tone.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Replace the lyrics of your song with “gah.”\", \"描述\": \"This vocal exercise can help get rid of nasal singing. The sound “g” will naturally move your voice further down, adding richness to your tone and bringing it away from the nose. The “ah” makes you drop your jaw and your tongue, which will also add depth to your tone. Try singing your song, but replacing the words with \\\"gah.\\\" Simply keep making the noise \\\"gah\\\" while following the tune of a song.\\nKeep your jaw relaxed as you do this to prevent strain.\\nOnce you’ve practiced your song with “gah” sound, try to incorporate the lyrics back in. You may notice you sound less nasally.\\nIf you struggle with sounding nasal at particular places in the song, you can always begin your practice by singing “gah” on those parts of the song before adding the lyrics back in.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Plug your nose while you sing.\", \"描述\": \"If you are singing through your nose, this will exacerbate the nasal quality. You may sound more nasally when singing through your nose. However, this method will block the nasal passage so you will have to figure out how to sing through your mouth, rather than your nose. This can help your singing down the road.\\nYou may sound less nasally once you have experience singing without being able to channel air through your nose.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Adopt a pleasant expression when you sing.\", \"描述\": \"You should strive to sing with your throat open, as this raises your soft palate and can therefore prevent nasally singing. One way to achieve an open throat is to sing with a pleasant expression as this will naturally lift up your throat.\\nDo not attempt to smile, as this can look unnatural. Instead, gently lift up your cheeks. You can do so by slightly lifting the zygomatic muscles. These are the muscles on the side of the mouth you would lift when smiling.\\nDuring speech and singing, many people have a tendency to pull their facial muscles down slightly. By adopting a pleasant expression when singing, you can combat this tendency. This can create an open throat, making nasally singing less likely.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Find a voice teacher.\", \"描述\": \"There are some incredible voice teachers out there, who are experts in the field and can help you on your path to singing without sounding nasally. If you walk through vocal techniques with a voice teacher, he or she can provide more specifics based on your personal style and skill set. Look online or in the local yellow pages to find a voice teacher in your area. \\nYou can also ask your choir director or musicians you know to refer you to a voice teacher.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Posture\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice singing while standing against a wall.\", \"描述\": \"Until the proper posture is second nature to you, you can practice singing while standing up against a wall. Keep your heels, calves, buttocks, shoulders, and head against the wall to ensure your entire body is aligned.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep your back straight and shoulders down.\", \"描述\": \"This will help you keep your chest lifted, which can help improve the sound of your singing. Allowing air to more easily travel through your lungs can help you sing with your chest and mouth rather than through your nose.\\nThe shoulders should not be shoved back, just slightly back so you are not hunching forward.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure your chin is parallel to the floor.\", \"描述\": \"You can use a mirror to check that your chin isn’t raised or tucked in too far.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do not lock your knees.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you’re nervous, it’s very important that you keep your knees loose. Locked knees can block some of the veins necessary to get blood to the heart. You could end up losing consciousness.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stay relaxed.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your neck muscles and shoulders loose. If you’ve had to correct your posture significantly, these new positions will feel uncomfortable for a little while. It may be difficult to relax and loosen up at first. However, keep practicing. A new posture should feel better over time as your body gets used to it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Engage your abdominal muscles.\", \"描述\": \"You want to make sure that you are engaging your core, but that you are not stiff. Channel your breath through your abdomen when you're singing. Try placing one hand on your abdomen. As you breathe, make sure that your abdomen is expanding when you breathe in. This means that it is relaxed.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Singing is as much a mental activity as it is physical. If you think you can do it, you will be able to. Don't let shyness or embarrassment hold you back.\\n\", \"Make sure to always sing using your diaphragm.\\n\", \"Breathing exercises can help you to stop sounding nasal while singing.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,191 | How to Avoid Sleepiness at Work | 1. Practicing Good Sleep Hygiene
1-1. Slow down on caffeine.
Caffeine is great to wake you up in the morning. However, it can also keep you up at night. Stop drinking caffeine within 4 to 6 hours of going to bed to reduce the chance of it keeping you awake at night.
1-2. Skip the cigarettes.
Nicotine keeps you awake, so quitting smoking is a must if you want better sleep. Also, your cravings may be keeping you awake or making you more restless at night.
1-3. Check your pills.
Certain medications can keep you awake, such as antidepressants and asthma medications. Ask your doctor if your pills could be keeping you up, and he or she may be able to help rearrange your medications for more restful sleep.
1-4. Get your exercise in.
Studies show that exercisers tend to sleep better. However, the actual act of exercising wakes you up because it releases cortisol into your body, so you should exercise earlier in the day to sleep better.
1-5. Don't eat a large meal before bed.
To help you sleep, don't try to eat a huge amount just before sleeping, as problems such as indigestion can keep you up. Try to eat larger meals at least a couple of hours before going to sleep.
1-6. Keep a sleep schedule.
Your body likes routine. If you go to bed every night at the same time and wake up at the same time everyday, your body knows when it needs to get sleepy and when it needs to be awake. Stick to your schedule even on weekends, and you'll have more restful nights.
One way to keep yourself on schedule is to set an alarm or reminder to tell you to go to bed. That way, you won't stay up past your bedtime without noticing.
If you're having trouble getting enough sleep, try going to bed a little earlier every night until you're getting the recommended 7 to 8 hours of sleep.
1-7. Turn off the light.
When you go to sleep, you need to keep out all light from your bedroom, including any sunlight or streetlights. Try light-blocking curtains to block out outside light, and cover your bedside clock to block out its light.
1-8. Shut out noise.
Turn off radios and televisions, but also remove items that cause minor noises, such as your laptop computer if it tends to make any kind of noise. If you can't keep out the noise, put in earplugs to drown it out.
1-9. Kick your pets out.
While your kitty might like to curl up at the foot of your bed, a pet's nighttime movements can wake you up. If you find yourself waking up often because of your pets, you may need to shut them out of your bedroom.
1-10. Wind down before bed.
That is, power down your screens about an hour before you go to sleep. The lights of electronic devices keep your brain alert, rather than letting it shut down for the night.
1-11. Take note of your worries.
If you lay awake thinking about who you need to call or what you need to do tomorrow, trying writing a few notes about it before bed, including a plan of action. That way, you can let your mind relax and go to sleep.
2. Using Everyday Healthiness to Stay Alert
2-1. Drink enough fluid.
Dehydration can make you feel tired, so be sure to drink water frequently, especially when your body is telling you it's thirsty.
To help you get enough water, remember that coffee, tea, and even fruit juice count as part of your total. To spice up your water, try drinking sparkling water with a slice of orange or lemon in it.
2-2. Focus your lunch on protein, vegetables, and complex carbohydrates.
While it may be tempting to reach for a candy bar after lunch, the sugar in it may be your downfall for the afternoon slump. Instead, try complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, paired with a lean protein such as fish or chicken.
2-3. Change your position.
Try bringing your shoulders up, so your whole body is straighter. Leaning over can make you sleepier.
Another option is a position that requires you to balance yourself. For instance, some people use yoga ball chairs to improve their balance, but they can also help keep you awake.
2-4. Don't stay on one task too long.
Staying on one task only for hours at a time can lead you to brain burn out and sleepiness. Instead, switch tasks if you notice your brain is wearing out. It will help keep you more alert.
3. Using Tricks to Jolt Yourself When You're Feeling Sleepy
3-1. Drink some caffeine.
Caffeine does work to keep you awake by blocking adenosine, a neurotransmitter designed to tell your cells to wind down. However, because caffeine doesn't work as well the more you use it, try to only drink it every once in a while, rather than every day.
Start with something lighter on the caffeine, such as green tea. If you need something stronger, black tea and coffee both have more caffeine.
3-2. Stretch your body.
You are limited in your office as to how much stretching you can do, but you can perform a few simple stretches.
For instance, pull your hands together behind your back, stretching out the front of your body. Breathe deeply for a few seconds, then let go of your hands. Do it a couple of times in a row.
Try stretching out your hips. Turn in your chair until you are facing to the left. Lift your right leg out behind you, stretching it straight. Try to keep the top half of your body sitting up straight. Repeat the stretch a couple of times, and then turn to do it with the other leg.
3-3. Use scents.
That is, try a wax-melting system in your office or use essential oils. Scents such as peppermint, eucalyptus, and lemon may help keep you alert.
3-4. Get out of your chair.
Some offices will let you work at a standing desk, which increases movement and alertness. If that doesn't sound like something you'd want, try moving around when you take breaks. Get up and take a short walk to increase your alertness. You'll do even better if you can step outside for a few minutes in the sun, as it sends signals to your body to wake up.
3-5. Try an energy-boosting supplement.
Most supplements rely on calories, stimulants, or nutrients that affect how your body metabolizes energy. You're getting energy from your power lunch, and caffeine is a stimulant. However, if you still need a boost, you might try a supplement that focuses on boosting your metabolizing, with ingredients such as creatine, CoQ10, B vitamins, and taurine.
3-6. Try a short cat nap.
If you have the space and the time, try taking a short 10 to 20 minute nap over your lunch break. These types of naps can help refresh your brain without causing drowsiness. In fact, it's natural to feel some afternoon drowsiness. At about 7 hours after you wake up in the morning, your body calls for a break, and a short nap can help fulfill that need.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:27",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Practicing Good Sleep Hygiene\\n1-1. Slow down on caffeine.\\nCaffeine is great to wake you up in the morning. However, it can also keep you up at night. Stop drinking caffeine within 4 to 6 hours of going to bed to reduce the chance of it keeping you awake at night.\\n1-2. Skip the cigarettes.\\nNicotine keeps you awake, so quitting smoking is a must if you want better sleep. Also, your cravings may be keeping you awake or making you more restless at night.\\n1-3. Check your pills.\\nCertain medications can keep you awake, such as antidepressants and asthma medications. Ask your doctor if your pills could be keeping you up, and he or she may be able to help rearrange your medications for more restful sleep.\\n1-4. Get your exercise in.\\nStudies show that exercisers tend to sleep better. However, the actual act of exercising wakes you up because it releases cortisol into your body, so you should exercise earlier in the day to sleep better.\\n1-5. Don't eat a large meal before bed.\\nTo help you sleep, don't try to eat a huge amount just before sleeping, as problems such as indigestion can keep you up. Try to eat larger meals at least a couple of hours before going to sleep.\\n1-6. Keep a sleep schedule.\\nYour body likes routine. If you go to bed every night at the same time and wake up at the same time everyday, your body knows when it needs to get sleepy and when it needs to be awake. Stick to your schedule even on weekends, and you'll have more restful nights.\\nOne way to keep yourself on schedule is to set an alarm or reminder to tell you to go to bed. That way, you won't stay up past your bedtime without noticing.\\nIf you're having trouble getting enough sleep, try going to bed a little earlier every night until you're getting the recommended 7 to 8 hours of sleep.\\n1-7. Turn off the light.\\nWhen you go to sleep, you need to keep out all light from your bedroom, including any sunlight or streetlights. Try light-blocking curtains to block out outside light, and cover your bedside clock to block out its light.\\n1-8. Shut out noise.\\nTurn off radios and televisions, but also remove items that cause minor noises, such as your laptop computer if it tends to make any kind of noise. If you can't keep out the noise, put in earplugs to drown it out.\\n1-9. Kick your pets out.\\nWhile your kitty might like to curl up at the foot of your bed, a pet's nighttime movements can wake you up. If you find yourself waking up often because of your pets, you may need to shut them out of your bedroom.\\n1-10. Wind down before bed.\\nThat is, power down your screens about an hour before you go to sleep. The lights of electronic devices keep your brain alert, rather than letting it shut down for the night.\\n1-11. Take note of your worries.\\nIf you lay awake thinking about who you need to call or what you need to do tomorrow, trying writing a few notes about it before bed, including a plan of action. That way, you can let your mind relax and go to sleep.\\n2. Using Everyday Healthiness to Stay Alert\\n2-1. Drink enough fluid.\\nDehydration can make you feel tired, so be sure to drink water frequently, especially when your body is telling you it's thirsty.\\nTo help you get enough water, remember that coffee, tea, and even fruit juice count as part of your total. To spice up your water, try drinking sparkling water with a slice of orange or lemon in it.\\n2-2. Focus your lunch on protein, vegetables, and complex carbohydrates.\\nWhile it may be tempting to reach for a candy bar after lunch, the sugar in it may be your downfall for the afternoon slump. Instead, try complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, paired with a lean protein such as fish or chicken.\\n2-3. Change your position.\\nTry bringing your shoulders up, so your whole body is straighter. Leaning over can make you sleepier.\\nAnother option is a position that requires you to balance yourself. For instance, some people use yoga ball chairs to improve their balance, but they can also help keep you awake.\\n2-4. Don't stay on one task too long.\\nStaying on one task only for hours at a time can lead you to brain burn out and sleepiness. Instead, switch tasks if you notice your brain is wearing out. It will help keep you more alert.\\n3. Using Tricks to Jolt Yourself When You're Feeling Sleepy\\n3-1. Drink some caffeine.\\nCaffeine does work to keep you awake by blocking adenosine, a neurotransmitter designed to tell your cells to wind down. However, because caffeine doesn't work as well the more you use it, try to only drink it every once in a while, rather than every day.\\nStart with something lighter on the caffeine, such as green tea. If you need something stronger, black tea and coffee both have more caffeine.\\n3-2. Stretch your body.\\nYou are limited in your office as to how much stretching you can do, but you can perform a few simple stretches.\\nFor instance, pull your hands together behind your back, stretching out the front of your body. Breathe deeply for a few seconds, then let go of your hands. Do it a couple of times in a row.\\nTry stretching out your hips. Turn in your chair until you are facing to the left. Lift your right leg out behind you, stretching it straight. Try to keep the top half of your body sitting up straight. Repeat the stretch a couple of times, and then turn to do it with the other leg.\\n3-3. Use scents.\\nThat is, try a wax-melting system in your office or use essential oils. Scents such as peppermint, eucalyptus, and lemon may help keep you alert.\\n3-4. Get out of your chair.\\nSome offices will let you work at a standing desk, which increases movement and alertness. If that doesn't sound like something you'd want, try moving around when you take breaks. Get up and take a short walk to increase your alertness. You'll do even better if you can step outside for a few minutes in the sun, as it sends signals to your body to wake up.\\n3-5. Try an energy-boosting supplement.\\nMost supplements rely on calories, stimulants, or nutrients that affect how your body metabolizes energy. You're getting energy from your power lunch, and caffeine is a stimulant. However, if you still need a boost, you might try a supplement that focuses on boosting your metabolizing, with ingredients such as creatine, CoQ10, B vitamins, and taurine.\\n3-6. Try a short cat nap.\\nIf you have the space and the time, try taking a short 10 to 20 minute nap over your lunch break. These types of naps can help refresh your brain without causing drowsiness. In fact, it's natural to feel some afternoon drowsiness. At about 7 hours after you wake up in the morning, your body calls for a break, and a short nap can help fulfill that need.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You've felt it: that afternoon slump when you can't keep your eyes open at work. The best way to deal with that type of drowsiness is to ensure you get enough good quality sleep at night, thus preventing the drowsiness in the first place. However, if you still find yourself drowsy, you can make a few lifestyle changes to increase your energy overall, as well as use a few tricks to up your alertness when drowsiness does hit you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practicing Good Sleep Hygiene\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Slow down on caffeine.\", \"描述\": \"Caffeine is great to wake you up in the morning. However, it can also keep you up at night. Stop drinking caffeine within 4 to 6 hours of going to bed to reduce the chance of it keeping you awake at night.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Skip the cigarettes.\", \"描述\": \"Nicotine keeps you awake, so quitting smoking is a must if you want better sleep. Also, your cravings may be keeping you awake or making you more restless at night.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check your pills.\", \"描述\": \"Certain medications can keep you awake, such as antidepressants and asthma medications. Ask your doctor if your pills could be keeping you up, and he or she may be able to help rearrange your medications for more restful sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get your exercise in.\", \"描述\": \"Studies show that exercisers tend to sleep better. However, the actual act of exercising wakes you up because it releases cortisol into your body, so you should exercise earlier in the day to sleep better.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Don't eat a large meal before bed.\", \"描述\": \"To help you sleep, don't try to eat a huge amount just before sleeping, as problems such as indigestion can keep you up. Try to eat larger meals at least a couple of hours before going to sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep a sleep schedule.\", \"描述\": \"Your body likes routine. If you go to bed every night at the same time and wake up at the same time everyday, your body knows when it needs to get sleepy and when it needs to be awake. Stick to your schedule even on weekends, and you'll have more restful nights.\\nOne way to keep yourself on schedule is to set an alarm or reminder to tell you to go to bed. That way, you won't stay up past your bedtime without noticing.\\nIf you're having trouble getting enough sleep, try going to bed a little earlier every night until you're getting the recommended 7 to 8 hours of sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Turn off the light.\", \"描述\": \"When you go to sleep, you need to keep out all light from your bedroom, including any sunlight or streetlights. Try light-blocking curtains to block out outside light, and cover your bedside clock to block out its light.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Shut out noise.\", \"描述\": \"Turn off radios and televisions, but also remove items that cause minor noises, such as your laptop computer if it tends to make any kind of noise. If you can't keep out the noise, put in earplugs to drown it out.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Kick your pets out.\", \"描述\": \"While your kitty might like to curl up at the foot of your bed, a pet's nighttime movements can wake you up. If you find yourself waking up often because of your pets, you may need to shut them out of your bedroom.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Wind down before bed.\", \"描述\": \"That is, power down your screens about an hour before you go to sleep. The lights of electronic devices keep your brain alert, rather than letting it shut down for the night.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Take note of your worries.\", \"描述\": \"If you lay awake thinking about who you need to call or what you need to do tomorrow, trying writing a few notes about it before bed, including a plan of action. That way, you can let your mind relax and go to sleep.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Everyday Healthiness to Stay Alert\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drink enough fluid.\", \"描述\": \"Dehydration can make you feel tired, so be sure to drink water frequently, especially when your body is telling you it's thirsty.\\nTo help you get enough water, remember that coffee, tea, and even fruit juice count as part of your total. To spice up your water, try drinking sparkling water with a slice of orange or lemon in it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus your lunch on protein, vegetables, and complex carbohydrates.\", \"描述\": \"While it may be tempting to reach for a candy bar after lunch, the sugar in it may be your downfall for the afternoon slump. Instead, try complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits, paired with a lean protein such as fish or chicken.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Change your position.\", \"描述\": \"Try bringing your shoulders up, so your whole body is straighter. Leaning over can make you sleepier.\\nAnother option is a position that requires you to balance yourself. For instance, some people use yoga ball chairs to improve their balance, but they can also help keep you awake.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't stay on one task too long.\", \"描述\": \"Staying on one task only for hours at a time can lead you to brain burn out and sleepiness. Instead, switch tasks if you notice your brain is wearing out. It will help keep you more alert.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Tricks to Jolt Yourself When You're Feeling Sleepy\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drink some caffeine.\", \"描述\": \"Caffeine does work to keep you awake by blocking adenosine, a neurotransmitter designed to tell your cells to wind down. However, because caffeine doesn't work as well the more you use it, try to only drink it every once in a while, rather than every day.\\nStart with something lighter on the caffeine, such as green tea. If you need something stronger, black tea and coffee both have more caffeine.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stretch your body.\", \"描述\": \"You are limited in your office as to how much stretching you can do, but you can perform a few simple stretches.\\nFor instance, pull your hands together behind your back, stretching out the front of your body. Breathe deeply for a few seconds, then let go of your hands. Do it a couple of times in a row.\\nTry stretching out your hips. Turn in your chair until you are facing to the left. Lift your right leg out behind you, stretching it straight. Try to keep the top half of your body sitting up straight. Repeat the stretch a couple of times, and then turn to do it with the other leg.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use scents.\", \"描述\": \"That is, try a wax-melting system in your office or use essential oils. Scents such as peppermint, eucalyptus, and lemon may help keep you alert.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get out of your chair.\", \"描述\": \"Some offices will let you work at a standing desk, which increases movement and alertness. If that doesn't sound like something you'd want, try moving around when you take breaks. Get up and take a short walk to increase your alertness. You'll do even better if you can step outside for a few minutes in the sun, as it sends signals to your body to wake up.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Try an energy-boosting supplement.\", \"描述\": \"Most supplements rely on calories, stimulants, or nutrients that affect how your body metabolizes energy. You're getting energy from your power lunch, and caffeine is a stimulant. However, if you still need a boost, you might try a supplement that focuses on boosting your metabolizing, with ingredients such as creatine, CoQ10, B vitamins, and taurine.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Try a short cat nap.\", \"描述\": \"If you have the space and the time, try taking a short 10 to 20 minute nap over your lunch break. These types of naps can help refresh your brain without causing drowsiness. In fact, it's natural to feel some afternoon drowsiness. At about 7 hours after you wake up in the morning, your body calls for a break, and a short nap can help fulfill that need.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,192 | How to Avoid Sleeping and Yawning During the Day | 1. Changing Your Sleep Habits
1-1. Stick to a regular sleep schedule.
Create a sleep schedule where you wake up and go to sleep at the same time every day, even on weekends or days off. Sleep requirements vary from person to person, but on average, you should be getting between seven to nine hours of sleep to function at your best during your waking hours.
Some people think getting just one less hour of sleep won't affect their daily functioning or that they can make up for lack of sleep on the weekend or a day off. But any changes or shifts to your regular sleep schedule will only have a negative effect on your sleeping habits and lead to lots of yawning when you are awake.
It's a myth that your body adjusts quickly to different sleep schedule. While most people can reset their biological clock, this can only be done by timed cues, and even then, only by one to two hours per day at best. It can take more than a week for your body's internal clock to adjust to traveling across several time zones or to switching to the night shift.
Extra sleep at night cannot cure you of your daytime fatigue. The quantity of sleep you get every night is important, but the quality of your sleep is more important. You may get eight or nine hours of sleep a night but won't feel well rested if the quality of your sleep was poor.
1-2. Turn off all electronics and distractions a few hours before bed.
Shut off your television, smartphone, iPad, and computer or keep all electronics out of your bedroom completely. The type of light these screens emit can stimulate your brain, suppress the production of melatonin (which helps you sleep), and interfere with your body's internal clock.
Another option is to shut down your computer on a schedule. This will automatically sleep your machine and prevent you from working on your computer too late or too close to your bedtime. There are sleep features on both PCs and Macs that you can activate. As well, if you want your computer to be ready to go in the morning, once you wake up, you can schedule a startup time too.
1-3. Set an alarm to remind you it's time for bed.
If you tend to get wrapped up in evening activities or conversations and forget to stick to your sleep schedule, you can set an alarm on your phone or computer to alert you 1 hour or 30 minutes before bedtime.
If you prefer to shut down all electronics a few hours before bed, you can use an alarm on your watch or ask someone you live with to remind you of bedtime 1 hour before it's time.
1-4. Do a relaxing activity before bed.
This could be a warm bath, reading a good book, or having a quiet conversation with your partner. Doing a restful activity will help to trigger your brain to start relaxing and shutting down.
If you find yourself tossing and turning in bed in the dark, don't lie there and stare up at the ceiling. Instead, do a relaxing activity in bed to calm down and get your mind off your inability to sleep. Doing a restful activity may in fact end up causing you to fall asleep.
1-5. Keep your bedroom dark, cool, and quiet.
Use heavy curtains or shades to block the light from windows. Cover any electronic displays, like televisions or computers so the light does not glow in the room. You can also use a sleep mask to cover your eyes and create a dark space that will help you sleep.
If you have difficulty sleeping due to loud noises outside your window or a loud sleep partner, consider investing in good earplugs, or a noise machine.
1-6. Try to wake up with the sun.
You can also set a timer so bright lights come on in your room in the morning at the same time every day. Sunlight helps your body's internal clock to reset itself each day.
Sleep experts recommend exposure to an hour of morning sunlight for people who have trouble falling asleep.
1-7. Avoid napping after 3 pm.
The best time for a nap is usually mid afternoon, before 3 pm. This is the time of day you will likely experience post-lunch sleepiness or a lower level of alertness. Naps taken before 3 pm should not interfere with your nighttime sleep.
Keep your naps short, between 10 to 20 minutes. This will prevent sleep inertia, which is when you feel groggy and disoriented after a nap that goes on for longer than 30 minutes.
1-8. Keep a sleep journal.
A sleep journal or diary can be a useful tool to help you identify any habits that may be keeping you awake. You may be able to also pinpoint if you are displaying symptoms of a sleep disorder. Update your sleep journal with notes on:
What time you went to bed and woke up.
The total sleep hours and quality of your sleep.
The amount of time you spent awake and what you did. For example: “stayed in bed with eyes closed” “counted sheep” “read a book”.
The types of food and liquids you consumed before bed and the amount of food and liquids you consumed.
Your feelings and moods before bed, such as “happy” “stressed” “anxious”.
Any drugs or medication you took, such as sleeping pills, including the dose and time of consumption.
Notice any triggers that start to repeat themselves in your sleep journal and see if there are ways you can prevent or limit these triggers. For example, maybe you often get a bad night's sleep on a Friday after drinking two martinis. Try not to drink at all the following Friday and see if this improves your sleep.
1-9. Take sleeping pills only when necessary.
When you take sleeping pills for a brief period of time, and based on your doctor's recommendations, they can help you fall asleep. But they are just a temporary solution. In fact, sleeping pills can often make insomnia and other sleep issues worse in the long term.
Use sleeping pills and medications sparingly for short term situations, like traveling across several time zones or when recovering from a medical procedure.
Using sleeping pills only when necessary, rather than on a daily basis, will also prevent you from being dependent on them to help you sleep every night.
1-10. Be wary of over-the-counter medications that can lead to insomnia and sleep issues.
Many of the side effects of these drugs can have adverse effects on your sleep patterns and daytime alertness. Common medications that can disturb your sleep include:
Nasal decongestants.
Aspirin and other headache medications.
Pain relievers that contain caffeine.
Cold and allergy medications containing an antihistamine.
If you are taking any of these medications, try to reduce your dosage. Or research alternative methods to treat these issues so you can stop taking these over-the-counter medications.
2. Adjusting Your Diet and Exercising
2-1. Avoid eating foods that contain tryptophan during the day.
Tryptophan is a natural amino acid that your brain converts to serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical that promotes sleep. So avoiding foods that contain tryptophan can help you stay awake during the day. Foods that contain tryptophan include:
Dairy products
Bananas
Turkey
Yogurt
Whole-grain crackers
Peanut butter
2-2. Don't consume caffeine four to six hours before your bedtime.
About half the caffeine you consume at 7 pm is still in your body at 11 pm. A known stimulant, caffeine can be found in coffee, chocolate, soft drinks, non-herbal teas, diet drugs, and some pain relievers. Limit how many cups of coffee you have several hours before bed, or try to eliminate caffeine in your diet all together.
Alcohol also prevents deep sleep and REM sleep. It will keep you in the lighter stages of sleep, causing you to possibly wake up easily and have a harder time falling back asleep. Avoid consuming alcohol 1-2 hours before bed to ensure you get a good night's sleep.
2-3. Have a light snack a few hours before your normal bedtime.
A large meal before bed can cause indigestion, which will interfere with your sleep schedule. Stick to a light snack, like a piece of fruit, to keep your stomach from grumbling at night.
2-4. Avoid drinking liquids 90 minutes before your bedtime.
Drinking too many fluids before bed can cause you to wake up to urinate. It takes about 90 minutes for your body to process the fluids you drink, so skip the big glass of water right before bed to prevent your bladder from waking you up.
2-5. Commit to exercising at least 20 to 30 minutes a day.
Daily exercise is proven to help people sleep. But a workout too close to bedtime might interfere with your sleep schedule. Try to get daily exercise about 5 to 6 hours before bedtime.
3. Addressing Specific Sleep Issues
3-1. Think about any environmental problems that could be keeping you awake.
Changes in your living situation or even your sleep environment could lead to sleep problems. Did you just move into a new home? Are you sleeping in a new room, or with a new partner? Are you sleeping on a new mattress or pillow? These types of shifts, even if they are small, can affect your level of anxiety or stress. This will then impact your ability to get a good night's sleep.
If you think environmental problems are keeping you awake, think about adjusting your mattress with a mattress pad to make it more comfortable. Or keep an item from your old room in your new room. Create a sense of calm and security in your sleep environment to help you go to sleep.
3-2. Adjust your sleep schedule if you are doing shift work.
Working a different work shift or a rotating shift can wreak havoc on your sleep schedule, especially if you rotate shifts on a regular basis.
Counteract shift work by adding 30-minute naps to your sleep schedule and lengthening the amount of time you allot for sleep. You should also use caffeine only during the first part of your shift to promote alertness at night and restfulness during the day. Try to minimize the number of shift changes you do to give your body's internal clock more time to adjust to a new work schedule.
You may want to also talk to your doctor about a prescription for short-acting sleeping pills to help you sleep during the day.
3-3. Follow the rise and fall of the sun if you're dealing with jet lag.
Adjusting to a new time zone can take several days or even a week. Eastward travel generally causes more severe jet lag than westward travel, as traveling east requires you to shorten the day and your internal clock can better adjust to a longer day than a shorter day.
Decrease your exposure to light at bedtime and increase your exposure to light at wake time once you arrive. Spend a lot of time outdoors so your body gets used to the light cues in the new time zone.
Adjust your internal clock by getting a good amount of sleep 2-3 days prior to the trip. If you are traveling west, make minor changes to your sleep schedule by delaying your normal bedtime and wake time progressively by 20- to 30-minute intervals. If you are traveling east, advance your normal wake time by 10 to 15 minutes a day 2-3 days prior to the trip and try to advance your normal bedtime by 10 to 15 minutes.
Talk to your doctor about melatonin supplements to counteract jet lag. Melatonin is considered safe to use over a period of days or weeks, but its effectiveness on jet lag is controversial. Some studies find melatonin supplements before bed several days prior to arriving in a new time zone can help you fall asleep at the proper time. But other studies find that melatonin does not help relieve jet lag.
4. Getting a Medical Assessment
4-1. Check your current medications with your doctor.
Many medications have side effects that can keep you awake at night or lead to problems sleeping.
Talk to your doctor if you take medication for asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Many drugs used to treat these issues contain steroids and a compound called “theophylline”, which is a stimulant that can keep you up at night.
If you are taking heart medication or medication for arthritis, you may experience insomnia and nightmares because of these drugs.
You may also have a hard time sleeping if you are taking antidepressants. If you suffer from anxiety or depression, you may also experience insomnia or sleep problems.
4-2. Get tested for sleep disorders.
Speak to your doctor about specific symptoms or patterns in your sleep issues. If you feel irritable or sleepy during the day, have difficulty staying awake while sitting still, fall asleep while driving, and require caffeine every day to stay awake, you may have a sleep disorder. There are four main types of sleep disorders:
Insomnia: The most common sleep complaint. Insomnia is often a symptom of another issue, such as stress, anxiety, depression, or another health condition. It can also be caused by lifestyle choices, like medication you take, a lack of exercise, jet lag, or your caffeine intake.
Sleep apnea: Occurs when your breathing temporarily stops during sleep due to a blockage in your upper airways. These pauses in breathing interrupt your sleep, leading to many awakenings throughout the night. Sleep apnea is a serious, and potentially life-threatening sleep disorder. If you suffer from this disorder, it's important to talk to a doctor and get a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine. This device delivers a stream of air to your airways while you sleep and can successfully treat the disorder.
Restless leg syndrome: (RLS) is a sleep disorder caused by an irresistible urge to move your arms and legs. This urge usually occurs when you're lying down and is due to uncomfortable, tingly sensations in your arms and legs.
Narcolepsy: This sleep disorder involves excessive, uncontrollable daytime sleepiness. It is caused by a dysfunction of the mechanism in your brain that controls sleeping and waking. If you have narcolepsy, you may have “sleep attacks” where you fall asleep in the middle of talking, working, or even driving.
4-3. Ask your doctor about a sleep center.
If your doctor refers you to a sleep center, a specialist will observe your sleep patterns, brain waves, heart rate, and rapid eye movement with monitoring devices attached to your body. The sleep specialist will analyze the results from your sleep study and design a custom treatment program.
A sleep center can also provide you with equipment to monitor your activities while awake and asleep, at home.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Changing Your Sleep Habits\\n1-1. Stick to a regular sleep schedule.\\nCreate a sleep schedule where you wake up and go to sleep at the same time every day, even on weekends or days off. Sleep requirements vary from person to person, but on average, you should be getting between seven to nine hours of sleep to function at your best during your waking hours.\\nSome people think getting just one less hour of sleep won't affect their daily functioning or that they can make up for lack of sleep on the weekend or a day off. But any changes or shifts to your regular sleep schedule will only have a negative effect on your sleeping habits and lead to lots of yawning when you are awake.\\nIt's a myth that your body adjusts quickly to different sleep schedule. While most people can reset their biological clock, this can only be done by timed cues, and even then, only by one to two hours per day at best. It can take more than a week for your body's internal clock to adjust to traveling across several time zones or to switching to the night shift.\\nExtra sleep at night cannot cure you of your daytime fatigue. The quantity of sleep you get every night is important, but the quality of your sleep is more important. You may get eight or nine hours of sleep a night but won't feel well rested if the quality of your sleep was poor.\\n1-2. Turn off all electronics and distractions a few hours before bed.\\nShut off your television, smartphone, iPad, and computer or keep all electronics out of your bedroom completely. The type of light these screens emit can stimulate your brain, suppress the production of melatonin (which helps you sleep), and interfere with your body's internal clock.\\nAnother option is to shut down your computer on a schedule. This will automatically sleep your machine and prevent you from working on your computer too late or too close to your bedtime. There are sleep features on both PCs and Macs that you can activate. As well, if you want your computer to be ready to go in the morning, once you wake up, you can schedule a startup time too.\\n1-3. Set an alarm to remind you it's time for bed.\\nIf you tend to get wrapped up in evening activities or conversations and forget to stick to your sleep schedule, you can set an alarm on your phone or computer to alert you 1 hour or 30 minutes before bedtime.\\nIf you prefer to shut down all electronics a few hours before bed, you can use an alarm on your watch or ask someone you live with to remind you of bedtime 1 hour before it's time.\\n1-4. Do a relaxing activity before bed.\\nThis could be a warm bath, reading a good book, or having a quiet conversation with your partner. Doing a restful activity will help to trigger your brain to start relaxing and shutting down.\\nIf you find yourself tossing and turning in bed in the dark, don't lie there and stare up at the ceiling. Instead, do a relaxing activity in bed to calm down and get your mind off your inability to sleep. Doing a restful activity may in fact end up causing you to fall asleep.\\n1-5. Keep your bedroom dark, cool, and quiet.\\nUse heavy curtains or shades to block the light from windows. Cover any electronic displays, like televisions or computers so the light does not glow in the room. You can also use a sleep mask to cover your eyes and create a dark space that will help you sleep.\\nIf you have difficulty sleeping due to loud noises outside your window or a loud sleep partner, consider investing in good earplugs, or a noise machine.\\n1-6. Try to wake up with the sun.\\nYou can also set a timer so bright lights come on in your room in the morning at the same time every day. Sunlight helps your body's internal clock to reset itself each day.\\nSleep experts recommend exposure to an hour of morning sunlight for people who have trouble falling asleep.\\n1-7. Avoid napping after 3 pm.\\nThe best time for a nap is usually mid afternoon, before 3 pm. This is the time of day you will likely experience post-lunch sleepiness or a lower level of alertness. Naps taken before 3 pm should not interfere with your nighttime sleep.\\nKeep your naps short, between 10 to 20 minutes. This will prevent sleep inertia, which is when you feel groggy and disoriented after a nap that goes on for longer than 30 minutes.\\n1-8. Keep a sleep journal.\\nA sleep journal or diary can be a useful tool to help you identify any habits that may be keeping you awake. You may be able to also pinpoint if you are displaying symptoms of a sleep disorder. Update your sleep journal with notes on:\\nWhat time you went to bed and woke up.\\nThe total sleep hours and quality of your sleep.\\nThe amount of time you spent awake and what you did. For example: “stayed in bed with eyes closed” “counted sheep” “read a book”.\\nThe types of food and liquids you consumed before bed and the amount of food and liquids you consumed.\\nYour feelings and moods before bed, such as “happy” “stressed” “anxious”.\\nAny drugs or medication you took, such as sleeping pills, including the dose and time of consumption.\\nNotice any triggers that start to repeat themselves in your sleep journal and see if there are ways you can prevent or limit these triggers. For example, maybe you often get a bad night's sleep on a Friday after drinking two martinis. Try not to drink at all the following Friday and see if this improves your sleep.\\n1-9. Take sleeping pills only when necessary.\\nWhen you take sleeping pills for a brief period of time, and based on your doctor's recommendations, they can help you fall asleep. But they are just a temporary solution. In fact, sleeping pills can often make insomnia and other sleep issues worse in the long term.\\nUse sleeping pills and medications sparingly for short term situations, like traveling across several time zones or when recovering from a medical procedure.\\nUsing sleeping pills only when necessary, rather than on a daily basis, will also prevent you from being dependent on them to help you sleep every night.\\n1-10. Be wary of over-the-counter medications that can lead to insomnia and sleep issues.\\nMany of the side effects of these drugs can have adverse effects on your sleep patterns and daytime alertness. Common medications that can disturb your sleep include:\\nNasal decongestants.\\nAspirin and other headache medications.\\nPain relievers that contain caffeine.\\nCold and allergy medications containing an antihistamine.\\nIf you are taking any of these medications, try to reduce your dosage. Or research alternative methods to treat these issues so you can stop taking these over-the-counter medications.\\n2. Adjusting Your Diet and Exercising\\n2-1. Avoid eating foods that contain tryptophan during the day.\\nTryptophan is a natural amino acid that your brain converts to serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical that promotes sleep. So avoiding foods that contain tryptophan can help you stay awake during the day. Foods that contain tryptophan include:\\nDairy products\\nBananas\\nTurkey\\nYogurt\\nWhole-grain crackers\\nPeanut butter\\n2-2. Don't consume caffeine four to six hours before your bedtime.\\nAbout half the caffeine you consume at 7 pm is still in your body at 11 pm. A known stimulant, caffeine can be found in coffee, chocolate, soft drinks, non-herbal teas, diet drugs, and some pain relievers. Limit how many cups of coffee you have several hours before bed, or try to eliminate caffeine in your diet all together.\\nAlcohol also prevents deep sleep and REM sleep. It will keep you in the lighter stages of sleep, causing you to possibly wake up easily and have a harder time falling back asleep. Avoid consuming alcohol 1-2 hours before bed to ensure you get a good night's sleep.\\n2-3. Have a light snack a few hours before your normal bedtime.\\nA large meal before bed can cause indigestion, which will interfere with your sleep schedule. Stick to a light snack, like a piece of fruit, to keep your stomach from grumbling at night.\\n2-4. Avoid drinking liquids 90 minutes before your bedtime.\\nDrinking too many fluids before bed can cause you to wake up to urinate. It takes about 90 minutes for your body to process the fluids you drink, so skip the big glass of water right before bed to prevent your bladder from waking you up.\\n2-5. Commit to exercising at least 20 to 30 minutes a day.\\nDaily exercise is proven to help people sleep. But a workout too close to bedtime might interfere with your sleep schedule. Try to get daily exercise about 5 to 6 hours before bedtime.\\n3. Addressing Specific Sleep Issues\\n3-1. Think about any environmental problems that could be keeping you awake.\\nChanges in your living situation or even your sleep environment could lead to sleep problems. Did you just move into a new home? Are you sleeping in a new room, or with a new partner? Are you sleeping on a new mattress or pillow? These types of shifts, even if they are small, can affect your level of anxiety or stress. This will then impact your ability to get a good night's sleep.\\nIf you think environmental problems are keeping you awake, think about adjusting your mattress with a mattress pad to make it more comfortable. Or keep an item from your old room in your new room. Create a sense of calm and security in your sleep environment to help you go to sleep.\\n3-2. Adjust your sleep schedule if you are doing shift work.\\nWorking a different work shift or a rotating shift can wreak havoc on your sleep schedule, especially if you rotate shifts on a regular basis.\\nCounteract shift work by adding 30-minute naps to your sleep schedule and lengthening the amount of time you allot for sleep. You should also use caffeine only during the first part of your shift to promote alertness at night and restfulness during the day. Try to minimize the number of shift changes you do to give your body's internal clock more time to adjust to a new work schedule.\\nYou may want to also talk to your doctor about a prescription for short-acting sleeping pills to help you sleep during the day.\\n3-3. Follow the rise and fall of the sun if you're dealing with jet lag.\\nAdjusting to a new time zone can take several days or even a week. Eastward travel generally causes more severe jet lag than westward travel, as traveling east requires you to shorten the day and your internal clock can better adjust to a longer day than a shorter day.\\nDecrease your exposure to light at bedtime and increase your exposure to light at wake time once you arrive. Spend a lot of time outdoors so your body gets used to the light cues in the new time zone.\\nAdjust your internal clock by getting a good amount of sleep 2-3 days prior to the trip. If you are traveling west, make minor changes to your sleep schedule by delaying your normal bedtime and wake time progressively by 20- to 30-minute intervals. If you are traveling east, advance your normal wake time by 10 to 15 minutes a day 2-3 days prior to the trip and try to advance your normal bedtime by 10 to 15 minutes.\\nTalk to your doctor about melatonin supplements to counteract jet lag. Melatonin is considered safe to use over a period of days or weeks, but its effectiveness on jet lag is controversial. Some studies find melatonin supplements before bed several days prior to arriving in a new time zone can help you fall asleep at the proper time. But other studies find that melatonin does not help relieve jet lag.\\n4. Getting a Medical Assessment\\n4-1. Check your current medications with your doctor.\\nMany medications have side effects that can keep you awake at night or lead to problems sleeping.\\nTalk to your doctor if you take medication for asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Many drugs used to treat these issues contain steroids and a compound called “theophylline”, which is a stimulant that can keep you up at night.\\nIf you are taking heart medication or medication for arthritis, you may experience insomnia and nightmares because of these drugs.\\nYou may also have a hard time sleeping if you are taking antidepressants. If you suffer from anxiety or depression, you may also experience insomnia or sleep problems.\\n4-2. Get tested for sleep disorders.\\nSpeak to your doctor about specific symptoms or patterns in your sleep issues. If you feel irritable or sleepy during the day, have difficulty staying awake while sitting still, fall asleep while driving, and require caffeine every day to stay awake, you may have a sleep disorder. There are four main types of sleep disorders:\\nInsomnia: The most common sleep complaint. Insomnia is often a symptom of another issue, such as stress, anxiety, depression, or another health condition. It can also be caused by lifestyle choices, like medication you take, a lack of exercise, jet lag, or your caffeine intake.\\nSleep apnea: Occurs when your breathing temporarily stops during sleep due to a blockage in your upper airways. These pauses in breathing interrupt your sleep, leading to many awakenings throughout the night. Sleep apnea is a serious, and potentially life-threatening sleep disorder. If you suffer from this disorder, it's important to talk to a doctor and get a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine. This device delivers a stream of air to your airways while you sleep and can successfully treat the disorder.\\nRestless leg syndrome: (RLS) is a sleep disorder caused by an irresistible urge to move your arms and legs. This urge usually occurs when you're lying down and is due to uncomfortable, tingly sensations in your arms and legs.\\nNarcolepsy: This sleep disorder involves excessive, uncontrollable daytime sleepiness. It is caused by a dysfunction of the mechanism in your brain that controls sleeping and waking. If you have narcolepsy, you may have “sleep attacks” where you fall asleep in the middle of talking, working, or even driving.\\n4-3. Ask your doctor about a sleep center.\\nIf your doctor refers you to a sleep center, a specialist will observe your sleep patterns, brain waves, heart rate, and rapid eye movement with monitoring devices attached to your body. The sleep specialist will analyze the results from your sleep study and design a custom treatment program.\\nA sleep center can also provide you with equipment to monitor your activities while awake and asleep, at home.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You're sitting in class, listening to a lecture and you can't stop yawning into your book. Or you're working the day shift but you find yourself napping when your boss isn't paying attention. Yawning and sleeping during the day is a common issue, and the overwhelming desire to doze can be almost too difficult to deny. But the consequences of reckless slumber could be a failing grade on a paper or a stern talk from your boss, and will likely outweigh the benefits of a daytime sleep. For short term solutions for when you are tired or sleepy right now, look into ways to fight sleepiness.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Changing Your Sleep Habits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stick to a regular sleep schedule.\", \"描述\": \"Create a sleep schedule where you wake up and go to sleep at the same time every day, even on weekends or days off. Sleep requirements vary from person to person, but on average, you should be getting between seven to nine hours of sleep to function at your best during your waking hours.\\nSome people think getting just one less hour of sleep won't affect their daily functioning or that they can make up for lack of sleep on the weekend or a day off. But any changes or shifts to your regular sleep schedule will only have a negative effect on your sleeping habits and lead to lots of yawning when you are awake.\\nIt's a myth that your body adjusts quickly to different sleep schedule. While most people can reset their biological clock, this can only be done by timed cues, and even then, only by one to two hours per day at best. It can take more than a week for your body's internal clock to adjust to traveling across several time zones or to switching to the night shift.\\nExtra sleep at night cannot cure you of your daytime fatigue. The quantity of sleep you get every night is important, but the quality of your sleep is more important. You may get eight or nine hours of sleep a night but won't feel well rested if the quality of your sleep was poor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Turn off all electronics and distractions a few hours before bed.\", \"描述\": \"Shut off your television, smartphone, iPad, and computer or keep all electronics out of your bedroom completely. The type of light these screens emit can stimulate your brain, suppress the production of melatonin (which helps you sleep), and interfere with your body's internal clock.\\nAnother option is to shut down your computer on a schedule. This will automatically sleep your machine and prevent you from working on your computer too late or too close to your bedtime. There are sleep features on both PCs and Macs that you can activate. As well, if you want your computer to be ready to go in the morning, once you wake up, you can schedule a startup time too.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set an alarm to remind you it's time for bed.\", \"描述\": \"If you tend to get wrapped up in evening activities or conversations and forget to stick to your sleep schedule, you can set an alarm on your phone or computer to alert you 1 hour or 30 minutes before bedtime.\\nIf you prefer to shut down all electronics a few hours before bed, you can use an alarm on your watch or ask someone you live with to remind you of bedtime 1 hour before it's time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do a relaxing activity before bed.\", \"描述\": \"This could be a warm bath, reading a good book, or having a quiet conversation with your partner. Doing a restful activity will help to trigger your brain to start relaxing and shutting down.\\nIf you find yourself tossing and turning in bed in the dark, don't lie there and stare up at the ceiling. Instead, do a relaxing activity in bed to calm down and get your mind off your inability to sleep. Doing a restful activity may in fact end up causing you to fall asleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep your bedroom dark, cool, and quiet.\", \"描述\": \"Use heavy curtains or shades to block the light from windows. Cover any electronic displays, like televisions or computers so the light does not glow in the room. You can also use a sleep mask to cover your eyes and create a dark space that will help you sleep.\\nIf you have difficulty sleeping due to loud noises outside your window or a loud sleep partner, consider investing in good earplugs, or a noise machine.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Try to wake up with the sun.\", \"描述\": \"You can also set a timer so bright lights come on in your room in the morning at the same time every day. Sunlight helps your body's internal clock to reset itself each day.\\nSleep experts recommend exposure to an hour of morning sunlight for people who have trouble falling asleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Avoid napping after 3 pm.\", \"描述\": \"The best time for a nap is usually mid afternoon, before 3 pm. This is the time of day you will likely experience post-lunch sleepiness or a lower level of alertness. Naps taken before 3 pm should not interfere with your nighttime sleep.\\nKeep your naps short, between 10 to 20 minutes. This will prevent sleep inertia, which is when you feel groggy and disoriented after a nap that goes on for longer than 30 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Keep a sleep journal.\", \"描述\": \"A sleep journal or diary can be a useful tool to help you identify any habits that may be keeping you awake. You may be able to also pinpoint if you are displaying symptoms of a sleep disorder. Update your sleep journal with notes on:\\nWhat time you went to bed and woke up.\\nThe total sleep hours and quality of your sleep.\\nThe amount of time you spent awake and what you did. For example: “stayed in bed with eyes closed” “counted sheep” “read a book”.\\nThe types of food and liquids you consumed before bed and the amount of food and liquids you consumed.\\nYour feelings and moods before bed, such as “happy” “stressed” “anxious”.\\nAny drugs or medication you took, such as sleeping pills, including the dose and time of consumption.\\nNotice any triggers that start to repeat themselves in your sleep journal and see if there are ways you can prevent or limit these triggers. For example, maybe you often get a bad night's sleep on a Friday after drinking two martinis. Try not to drink at all the following Friday and see if this improves your sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Take sleeping pills only when necessary.\", \"描述\": \"When you take sleeping pills for a brief period of time, and based on your doctor's recommendations, they can help you fall asleep. But they are just a temporary solution. In fact, sleeping pills can often make insomnia and other sleep issues worse in the long term.\\nUse sleeping pills and medications sparingly for short term situations, like traveling across several time zones or when recovering from a medical procedure.\\nUsing sleeping pills only when necessary, rather than on a daily basis, will also prevent you from being dependent on them to help you sleep every night.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Be wary of over-the-counter medications that can lead to insomnia and sleep issues.\", \"描述\": \"Many of the side effects of these drugs can have adverse effects on your sleep patterns and daytime alertness. Common medications that can disturb your sleep include:\\nNasal decongestants.\\nAspirin and other headache medications.\\nPain relievers that contain caffeine.\\nCold and allergy medications containing an antihistamine.\\nIf you are taking any of these medications, try to reduce your dosage. Or research alternative methods to treat these issues so you can stop taking these over-the-counter medications.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adjusting Your Diet and Exercising\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid eating foods that contain tryptophan during the day.\", \"描述\": \"Tryptophan is a natural amino acid that your brain converts to serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical that promotes sleep. So avoiding foods that contain tryptophan can help you stay awake during the day. Foods that contain tryptophan include:\\nDairy products\\nBananas\\nTurkey\\nYogurt\\nWhole-grain crackers\\nPeanut butter\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Don't consume caffeine four to six hours before your bedtime.\", \"描述\": \"About half the caffeine you consume at 7 pm is still in your body at 11 pm. A known stimulant, caffeine can be found in coffee, chocolate, soft drinks, non-herbal teas, diet drugs, and some pain relievers. Limit how many cups of coffee you have several hours before bed, or try to eliminate caffeine in your diet all together.\\nAlcohol also prevents deep sleep and REM sleep. It will keep you in the lighter stages of sleep, causing you to possibly wake up easily and have a harder time falling back asleep. Avoid consuming alcohol 1-2 hours before bed to ensure you get a good night's sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have a light snack a few hours before your normal bedtime.\", \"描述\": \"A large meal before bed can cause indigestion, which will interfere with your sleep schedule. Stick to a light snack, like a piece of fruit, to keep your stomach from grumbling at night.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid drinking liquids 90 minutes before your bedtime.\", \"描述\": \"Drinking too many fluids before bed can cause you to wake up to urinate. It takes about 90 minutes for your body to process the fluids you drink, so skip the big glass of water right before bed to prevent your bladder from waking you up.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Commit to exercising at least 20 to 30 minutes a day.\", \"描述\": \"Daily exercise is proven to help people sleep. But a workout too close to bedtime might interfere with your sleep schedule. Try to get daily exercise about 5 to 6 hours before bedtime.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Addressing Specific Sleep Issues\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Think about any environmental problems that could be keeping you awake.\", \"描述\": \"Changes in your living situation or even your sleep environment could lead to sleep problems. Did you just move into a new home? Are you sleeping in a new room, or with a new partner? Are you sleeping on a new mattress or pillow? These types of shifts, even if they are small, can affect your level of anxiety or stress. This will then impact your ability to get a good night's sleep.\\nIf you think environmental problems are keeping you awake, think about adjusting your mattress with a mattress pad to make it more comfortable. Or keep an item from your old room in your new room. Create a sense of calm and security in your sleep environment to help you go to sleep.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adjust your sleep schedule if you are doing shift work.\", \"描述\": \"Working a different work shift or a rotating shift can wreak havoc on your sleep schedule, especially if you rotate shifts on a regular basis.\\nCounteract shift work by adding 30-minute naps to your sleep schedule and lengthening the amount of time you allot for sleep. You should also use caffeine only during the first part of your shift to promote alertness at night and restfulness during the day. Try to minimize the number of shift changes you do to give your body's internal clock more time to adjust to a new work schedule.\\nYou may want to also talk to your doctor about a prescription for short-acting sleeping pills to help you sleep during the day.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Follow the rise and fall of the sun if you're dealing with jet lag.\", \"描述\": \"Adjusting to a new time zone can take several days or even a week. Eastward travel generally causes more severe jet lag than westward travel, as traveling east requires you to shorten the day and your internal clock can better adjust to a longer day than a shorter day.\\nDecrease your exposure to light at bedtime and increase your exposure to light at wake time once you arrive. Spend a lot of time outdoors so your body gets used to the light cues in the new time zone.\\nAdjust your internal clock by getting a good amount of sleep 2-3 days prior to the trip. If you are traveling west, make minor changes to your sleep schedule by delaying your normal bedtime and wake time progressively by 20- to 30-minute intervals. If you are traveling east, advance your normal wake time by 10 to 15 minutes a day 2-3 days prior to the trip and try to advance your normal bedtime by 10 to 15 minutes.\\nTalk to your doctor about melatonin supplements to counteract jet lag. Melatonin is considered safe to use over a period of days or weeks, but its effectiveness on jet lag is controversial. Some studies find melatonin supplements before bed several days prior to arriving in a new time zone can help you fall asleep at the proper time. But other studies find that melatonin does not help relieve jet lag.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Getting a Medical Assessment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your current medications with your doctor.\", \"描述\": \"Many medications have side effects that can keep you awake at night or lead to problems sleeping.\\nTalk to your doctor if you take medication for asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Many drugs used to treat these issues contain steroids and a compound called “theophylline”, which is a stimulant that can keep you up at night.\\nIf you are taking heart medication or medication for arthritis, you may experience insomnia and nightmares because of these drugs.\\nYou may also have a hard time sleeping if you are taking antidepressants. If you suffer from anxiety or depression, you may also experience insomnia or sleep problems.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get tested for sleep disorders.\", \"描述\": \"Speak to your doctor about specific symptoms or patterns in your sleep issues. If you feel irritable or sleepy during the day, have difficulty staying awake while sitting still, fall asleep while driving, and require caffeine every day to stay awake, you may have a sleep disorder. There are four main types of sleep disorders:\\nInsomnia: The most common sleep complaint. Insomnia is often a symptom of another issue, such as stress, anxiety, depression, or another health condition. It can also be caused by lifestyle choices, like medication you take, a lack of exercise, jet lag, or your caffeine intake.\\nSleep apnea: Occurs when your breathing temporarily stops during sleep due to a blockage in your upper airways. These pauses in breathing interrupt your sleep, leading to many awakenings throughout the night. Sleep apnea is a serious, and potentially life-threatening sleep disorder. If you suffer from this disorder, it's important to talk to a doctor and get a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine. This device delivers a stream of air to your airways while you sleep and can successfully treat the disorder.\\nRestless leg syndrome: (RLS) is a sleep disorder caused by an irresistible urge to move your arms and legs. This urge usually occurs when you're lying down and is due to uncomfortable, tingly sensations in your arms and legs.\\nNarcolepsy: This sleep disorder involves excessive, uncontrollable daytime sleepiness. It is caused by a dysfunction of the mechanism in your brain that controls sleeping and waking. If you have narcolepsy, you may have “sleep attacks” where you fall asleep in the middle of talking, working, or even driving.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask your doctor about a sleep center.\", \"描述\": \"If your doctor refers you to a sleep center, a specialist will observe your sleep patterns, brain waves, heart rate, and rapid eye movement with monitoring devices attached to your body. The sleep specialist will analyze the results from your sleep study and design a custom treatment program.\\nA sleep center can also provide you with equipment to monitor your activities while awake and asleep, at home.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,193 | How to Avoid Slipping in Snow | 1. Wearing the Correct Footwear
1-1. Wear shoes or boots with traction.
Nothing is worse than wearing footwear without grip while walking in the snow. It will send you sliding in no time. Instead, pick sneakers or boots that have lots of traction. If the soles have treads with deep grooves then they are less likely to slip when you take a step.
Avoid wearing unstable shoes or any sort of shoe with no tread while walking in the snow. Wearing sensible shoes in the snow will help you tremendously.
Of course, shoes designed to be worn in snow are probably the best choice. They should have great traction for snow, as well as usually being waterproof.
1-2. Get shoes or boots with ankle support.
Having ankle support can help you avoid a slip. Supporting your ankles allows you to have more stability when your feet start to go, especially if you have weak ankles to begin with. Ankle support may also help you to avoid an ankle injury if you do indeed fall.
Without ankle support you are more likely to get an ankle strain if you fall, especially if you have injured your ankles before. You may try to use your ankles to steady yourself if you begin to slip and this can injure an unsteady ankle.
1-3. Add additional grip to your shoes.
If you will be doing a lot of walking in the snow, and you are less than thrilled with the amount of grip your shoes are giving, then add some traction to them. You can buy removable ice grips that you can add to any shoe or boot. They can usually be put on and taken off easily and will increase your stability immensely.
If you are in a pinch, place a plastic bag or sock over your footwear. This will increase the grip significantly.
1-4. Knock the snow off your footwear.
Whatever kind of shoes you pick, be sure to knock the snow off of them when you get a chance. This will clear the grooves on the sole and allow them to create traction again. Use any opportunity you can to stamp the snow off your footwear.
Knocking the snow off your shoes will it prevent the ice from melting into your footwear, and it will give you that extra comfort when walking.
2. Walking in the Snow
2-1. Take your time.
It's important not to rush when you are walking in the snow. Even if you are late or trying to get somewhere quickly, be calm and step slowly. If you do try to rush your steps, you might be arriving late anyhow because you got an injury.
Walk with short and cautious steps to avoid slipping.
2-2. Keep your weight leaning slightly forward on the insides of your feet.
This means that you will be walking a little bit like a penguin. This position will be more stable when attempting to move across a slippery surface.
If you do fall while walking in this position, you are more likely to fall forward rather than backward.
2-3. Walk on the grit!
If you have the option of walking on a more stable surface than you should. Sidewalks covered in sand or litter will help you walk more easily and you may even be able to pick up your pace.
Remember that a sidewalk with grit on it is not slip proof! While you may be able to walk a bit quicker, don't abandon caution altogether. You may just hit a slippery spot and have your feet slid right out from underneath you.
2-4. Avoid walking on highly compacted snow.
Walk near the edges of the sidewalk where few have walked already. Compacted snow can quickly turn into ice, which is much more slippery. Instead, walk in the snow that is still fluffy and less slippery.
You may get snow all over your shoes when walking in the deeper snow but that is better than slipping and falling.
2-5. Concentrate on walking.
Pay attention to where you are going and don't get sidetracked from focusing on your steps. Try to think a few steps ahead and plan your next movements before you do them. This will help you to pick the best route and avoid particularly slippery areas.
Be sure not to bump into other people around you because you are concentrating on your steps so much. You need to be aware of your surroundings, in addition to being cautious with your steps.
3. Removing Snow
3-1. Shovel your walk.
The best way to avoid slipping in snow is to avoid walking in it in the first place. Thus, if you don't want to slip in the snow in from of your home, then spend the time to remove it. Shoveling snow can be a hard job that takes a lot of energy but it is worth the work if you can avoid falling, or having someone else fall, in front of your home.
Be sure to prepare well for snow shoveling before you do it. Get a good snow shovel that will help you move snow effectively and get a good stretch in before exerting yourself. Stretching before shoveling snow will help you avoid injury from the hard work.
3-2. Lay down grit.
Sometimes after shoveling there is still a frozen layer that can be very slippery. This is especially the case if the remaining snow melts a little and then refreezes into a sheet of ice. In order to avoid slipping on this ice, put down a layer of grit after you shovel. This will assure that when you walk in the area you don't slip.
The grit you lay down can vary. Some people use a small gravel or sand, while others use kitty litter to give the walk traction.
3-3. Put out ice melt.
If you want your walk to be completely free of ice and snow you can put an ice melting product on it. You can either use salt or a manufacturer ice-melting product. These products are made of chemicals that lower the freezing point of water, in essence melting all snow it comes into contact with.
Ice melting products can usually be found at your local home improvement store.
Be sure to look for any warnings on the packaging of an ice melt product you are considering using. There may be warnings about what surfaces they can be applied to and what to avoid getting the product on.
In addition to melting ice, salt can severely damage, or kill, plants and wildlife. Be sure to use it sparingly if you are concerned about the health of plants and animals near your walk. In fact, some cities have outlawed the use of salt in order to protect wildlife.
Tips
Keep your cell phone charged and with you when you are going out into the snow. If you end up falling and hurting yourself, you will then have a way of contacting help.
Warnings
Try not to run unless you're in an area with absolutely no ice or snow on it.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Wearing the Correct Footwear\\n1-1. Wear shoes or boots with traction.\\nNothing is worse than wearing footwear without grip while walking in the snow. It will send you sliding in no time. Instead, pick sneakers or boots that have lots of traction. If the soles have treads with deep grooves then they are less likely to slip when you take a step.\\nAvoid wearing unstable shoes or any sort of shoe with no tread while walking in the snow. Wearing sensible shoes in the snow will help you tremendously.\\nOf course, shoes designed to be worn in snow are probably the best choice. They should have great traction for snow, as well as usually being waterproof.\\n1-2. Get shoes or boots with ankle support.\\nHaving ankle support can help you avoid a slip. Supporting your ankles allows you to have more stability when your feet start to go, especially if you have weak ankles to begin with. Ankle support may also help you to avoid an ankle injury if you do indeed fall.\\nWithout ankle support you are more likely to get an ankle strain if you fall, especially if you have injured your ankles before. You may try to use your ankles to steady yourself if you begin to slip and this can injure an unsteady ankle.\\n1-3. Add additional grip to your shoes.\\nIf you will be doing a lot of walking in the snow, and you are less than thrilled with the amount of grip your shoes are giving, then add some traction to them. You can buy removable ice grips that you can add to any shoe or boot. They can usually be put on and taken off easily and will increase your stability immensely.\\nIf you are in a pinch, place a plastic bag or sock over your footwear. This will increase the grip significantly.\\n1-4. Knock the snow off your footwear.\\nWhatever kind of shoes you pick, be sure to knock the snow off of them when you get a chance. This will clear the grooves on the sole and allow them to create traction again. Use any opportunity you can to stamp the snow off your footwear.\\nKnocking the snow off your shoes will it prevent the ice from melting into your footwear, and it will give you that extra comfort when walking.\\n2. Walking in the Snow\\n2-1. Take your time.\\nIt's important not to rush when you are walking in the snow. Even if you are late or trying to get somewhere quickly, be calm and step slowly. If you do try to rush your steps, you might be arriving late anyhow because you got an injury.\\nWalk with short and cautious steps to avoid slipping.\\n2-2. Keep your weight leaning slightly forward on the insides of your feet.\\nThis means that you will be walking a little bit like a penguin. This position will be more stable when attempting to move across a slippery surface.\\nIf you do fall while walking in this position, you are more likely to fall forward rather than backward.\\n2-3. Walk on the grit!\\nIf you have the option of walking on a more stable surface than you should. Sidewalks covered in sand or litter will help you walk more easily and you may even be able to pick up your pace.\\nRemember that a sidewalk with grit on it is not slip proof! While you may be able to walk a bit quicker, don't abandon caution altogether. You may just hit a slippery spot and have your feet slid right out from underneath you.\\n2-4. Avoid walking on highly compacted snow.\\nWalk near the edges of the sidewalk where few have walked already. Compacted snow can quickly turn into ice, which is much more slippery. Instead, walk in the snow that is still fluffy and less slippery.\\nYou may get snow all over your shoes when walking in the deeper snow but that is better than slipping and falling.\\n2-5. Concentrate on walking.\\nPay attention to where you are going and don't get sidetracked from focusing on your steps. Try to think a few steps ahead and plan your next movements before you do them. This will help you to pick the best route and avoid particularly slippery areas.\\nBe sure not to bump into other people around you because you are concentrating on your steps so much. You need to be aware of your surroundings, in addition to being cautious with your steps.\\n3. Removing Snow\\n3-1. Shovel your walk.\\nThe best way to avoid slipping in snow is to avoid walking in it in the first place. Thus, if you don't want to slip in the snow in from of your home, then spend the time to remove it. Shoveling snow can be a hard job that takes a lot of energy but it is worth the work if you can avoid falling, or having someone else fall, in front of your home.\\nBe sure to prepare well for snow shoveling before you do it. Get a good snow shovel that will help you move snow effectively and get a good stretch in before exerting yourself. Stretching before shoveling snow will help you avoid injury from the hard work.\\n3-2. Lay down grit.\\nSometimes after shoveling there is still a frozen layer that can be very slippery. This is especially the case if the remaining snow melts a little and then refreezes into a sheet of ice. In order to avoid slipping on this ice, put down a layer of grit after you shovel. This will assure that when you walk in the area you don't slip.\\nThe grit you lay down can vary. Some people use a small gravel or sand, while others use kitty litter to give the walk traction.\\n3-3. Put out ice melt.\\nIf you want your walk to be completely free of ice and snow you can put an ice melting product on it. You can either use salt or a manufacturer ice-melting product. These products are made of chemicals that lower the freezing point of water, in essence melting all snow it comes into contact with.\\nIce melting products can usually be found at your local home improvement store.\\nBe sure to look for any warnings on the packaging of an ice melt product you are considering using. There may be warnings about what surfaces they can be applied to and what to avoid getting the product on.\\nIn addition to melting ice, salt can severely damage, or kill, plants and wildlife. Be sure to use it sparingly if you are concerned about the health of plants and animals near your walk. In fact, some cities have outlawed the use of salt in order to protect wildlife.\\nTips\\nKeep your cell phone charged and with you when you are going out into the snow. If you end up falling and hurting yourself, you will then have a way of contacting help.\\nWarnings\\nTry not to run unless you're in an area with absolutely no ice or snow on it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Walking in the snow can be a treacherous task. Nothing is worse than taking an embarrassing slip on the ice and having people laugh or giggle at your misfortune. Not only does it hurt your ego but it can also injure your body as well. This awkward situation is avoidable, however, if you prepare well for an outing on slippery surfaces and you move properly while walking in the snow.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wearing the Correct Footwear\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wear shoes or boots with traction.\", \"描述\": \"Nothing is worse than wearing footwear without grip while walking in the snow. It will send you sliding in no time. Instead, pick sneakers or boots that have lots of traction. If the soles have treads with deep grooves then they are less likely to slip when you take a step.\\nAvoid wearing unstable shoes or any sort of shoe with no tread while walking in the snow. Wearing sensible shoes in the snow will help you tremendously.\\nOf course, shoes designed to be worn in snow are probably the best choice. They should have great traction for snow, as well as usually being waterproof.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get shoes or boots with ankle support.\", \"描述\": \"Having ankle support can help you avoid a slip. Supporting your ankles allows you to have more stability when your feet start to go, especially if you have weak ankles to begin with. Ankle support may also help you to avoid an ankle injury if you do indeed fall.\\nWithout ankle support you are more likely to get an ankle strain if you fall, especially if you have injured your ankles before. You may try to use your ankles to steady yourself if you begin to slip and this can injure an unsteady ankle.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add additional grip to your shoes.\", \"描述\": \"If you will be doing a lot of walking in the snow, and you are less than thrilled with the amount of grip your shoes are giving, then add some traction to them. You can buy removable ice grips that you can add to any shoe or boot. They can usually be put on and taken off easily and will increase your stability immensely.\\nIf you are in a pinch, place a plastic bag or sock over your footwear. This will increase the grip significantly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Knock the snow off your footwear.\", \"描述\": \"Whatever kind of shoes you pick, be sure to knock the snow off of them when you get a chance. This will clear the grooves on the sole and allow them to create traction again. Use any opportunity you can to stamp the snow off your footwear.\\nKnocking the snow off your shoes will it prevent the ice from melting into your footwear, and it will give you that extra comfort when walking.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Walking in the Snow\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take your time.\", \"描述\": \"It's important not to rush when you are walking in the snow. Even if you are late or trying to get somewhere quickly, be calm and step slowly. If you do try to rush your steps, you might be arriving late anyhow because you got an injury.\\nWalk with short and cautious steps to avoid slipping.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep your weight leaning slightly forward on the insides of your feet.\", \"描述\": \"This means that you will be walking a little bit like a penguin. This position will be more stable when attempting to move across a slippery surface.\\nIf you do fall while walking in this position, you are more likely to fall forward rather than backward.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Walk on the grit!\", \"描述\": \"If you have the option of walking on a more stable surface than you should. Sidewalks covered in sand or litter will help you walk more easily and you may even be able to pick up your pace.\\nRemember that a sidewalk with grit on it is not slip proof! While you may be able to walk a bit quicker, don't abandon caution altogether. You may just hit a slippery spot and have your feet slid right out from underneath you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid walking on highly compacted snow.\", \"描述\": \"Walk near the edges of the sidewalk where few have walked already. Compacted snow can quickly turn into ice, which is much more slippery. Instead, walk in the snow that is still fluffy and less slippery.\\nYou may get snow all over your shoes when walking in the deeper snow but that is better than slipping and falling.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Concentrate on walking.\", \"描述\": \"Pay attention to where you are going and don't get sidetracked from focusing on your steps. Try to think a few steps ahead and plan your next movements before you do them. This will help you to pick the best route and avoid particularly slippery areas.\\nBe sure not to bump into other people around you because you are concentrating on your steps so much. You need to be aware of your surroundings, in addition to being cautious with your steps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Removing Snow\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Shovel your walk.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to avoid slipping in snow is to avoid walking in it in the first place. Thus, if you don't want to slip in the snow in from of your home, then spend the time to remove it. Shoveling snow can be a hard job that takes a lot of energy but it is worth the work if you can avoid falling, or having someone else fall, in front of your home.\\nBe sure to prepare well for snow shoveling before you do it. Get a good snow shovel that will help you move snow effectively and get a good stretch in before exerting yourself. Stretching before shoveling snow will help you avoid injury from the hard work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lay down grit.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes after shoveling there is still a frozen layer that can be very slippery. This is especially the case if the remaining snow melts a little and then refreezes into a sheet of ice. In order to avoid slipping on this ice, put down a layer of grit after you shovel. This will assure that when you walk in the area you don't slip.\\nThe grit you lay down can vary. Some people use a small gravel or sand, while others use kitty litter to give the walk traction.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put out ice melt.\", \"描述\": \"If you want your walk to be completely free of ice and snow you can put an ice melting product on it. You can either use salt or a manufacturer ice-melting product. These products are made of chemicals that lower the freezing point of water, in essence melting all snow it comes into contact with.\\nIce melting products can usually be found at your local home improvement store.\\nBe sure to look for any warnings on the packaging of an ice melt product you are considering using. There may be warnings about what surfaces they can be applied to and what to avoid getting the product on.\\nIn addition to melting ice, salt can severely damage, or kill, plants and wildlife. Be sure to use it sparingly if you are concerned about the health of plants and animals near your walk. In fact, some cities have outlawed the use of salt in order to protect wildlife.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep your cell phone charged and with you when you are going out into the snow. If you end up falling and hurting yourself, you will then have a way of contacting help.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Try not to run unless you're in an area with absolutely no ice or snow on it.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,194 | How to Avoid Smearing Lead when You Draw | 1. Steps
1-1. Be careful.
It sounds pretty obvious, but it's the first step to better quality finishes with graphite. Be mindful, and watch how your drawing is developing, and try not to rest the heel of your hand on parts that you have already drawn on. Any oils from your hand can make smudges permanent. Any loose particle of graphite will get caught in that oil and deposit itself on your nice white surface. Watch what you're doing.
1-2. Use good quality paper.
Bristol board with a vellum or kid finish, or Canson papers are excellent for this purpose - they have what's known as "resist" and "tooth" which is critical for a good appearance with a pencil drawing. Don't use thin typing paper or scratch paper to do your masterpiece on - invest in some good quality paper with some heft to it. These papers not only resist smudges a little bit, but they erase cleanly if you do smudge on them.
1-3. Think about the softness of your lead.
Softer leads: 6B thru HB, with 6B as the softest and HB as the hardest. 2B is the hardness used most often by animators on cartoons. The softer the lead, the blacker the lines - and the more smear. Harder leads: H - 6H - with H as the softest and 6H as hardest, are most often used by architects or for drafting. Remember that the softer your leads, the more careful you will need to be about smudges and fingerprints.
1-4. Get the right erasers.
You will need a white plastic eraser - if you're doing a lot of fine details, get one of the "pen-type" ones that you can just click to feed more eraser out. Also, get a kneaded eraser - this is a special type of putty that picks up graphite, and which can be formed with your fingers into just the right shapes. You may also want to look into an electric eraser - these are capable of the greatest detail. You can also get what's called 'cleaning powder." It's really just a bag full of eraser crumbs, but if you smear a lot, it can help clean up your drawings quite a lot.
1-5. Use a brush to remove eraser or graphite crumbs - don't brush them off with your hand.
Soft brushes like this can be purchased at any art supply store. Take care not to use the brush for any purpose other than this, though, or you may find that dirt or other foreign stuff will get transferred from the brush onto your nice drawing.
1-6. Use a mahl stick or a drawbridge.
If you're working on a large picture, sometimes you just have to put your hand somewhere. Luckily, there are a couple of tools specifically made for this problem. The first, a mahl stick, is nothing more than a length of doweling with a non-mar rubber tip. Holding the stick in your non-drawing hand, put the rubber tip on the desk or the paper, out of the area where you are working. Now put a pencil or a paperback book at the other end of the stick, where you are holding it. Continue to hold onto the mahl stick so that you can move it with your drawing hand. Rest the heel of your drawing hand on the stick rather than on your drawing, and draw. It keeps your hand up off the picture. A drawbridge is similar - it's usually a piece of clear acrylic about 4"x12", with rubber feet on the bottom. Put the drawbridge on the drawing, where your drawing hand needs to rest, and use it to rest your hand on, instead of laying your hand directly on the drawing.
1-7. Fix as you work.
Get a can of workable fixative. There are several kinds - make sure you get the workable kind. This is a kind of spray coating which prevents smearing, but it can be erased, and you can draw over it. Don't use too much - it can make the drawing difficult to work on. But used sparingly, this stuff really helps.
1-8. Fix permanently when finished.
Use a permanent fixative on the drawing when you are done. Make sure you sign your work first!
Tips
Give it a light spray of hairspray if you can't find fixatives.
Try using printer photo paper (shiny side down) or tracing paper as a barrier under your hand as you are drawing. The graphite does not stick to the slick surface.
Have plenty of pencils on hand so that you can work as long as you feel the inspiration. Make sure you have a sharpener handy, too - but beware that wherever you set it, it may "leak" graphite dust onto that surface. And emptying an eraser should be done some distance from your drawing, just to make sure you don't drop all that graphite dust in a critical area.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Be careful.\\nIt sounds pretty obvious, but it's the first step to better quality finishes with graphite. Be mindful, and watch how your drawing is developing, and try not to rest the heel of your hand on parts that you have already drawn on. Any oils from your hand can make smudges permanent. Any loose particle of graphite will get caught in that oil and deposit itself on your nice white surface. Watch what you're doing.\\n1-2. Use good quality paper.\\nBristol board with a vellum or kid finish, or Canson papers are excellent for this purpose - they have what's known as \\\"resist\\\" and \\\"tooth\\\" which is critical for a good appearance with a pencil drawing. Don't use thin typing paper or scratch paper to do your masterpiece on - invest in some good quality paper with some heft to it. These papers not only resist smudges a little bit, but they erase cleanly if you do smudge on them.\\n1-3. Think about the softness of your lead.\\nSofter leads: 6B thru HB, with 6B as the softest and HB as the hardest. 2B is the hardness used most often by animators on cartoons. The softer the lead, the blacker the lines - and the more smear. Harder leads: H - 6H - with H as the softest and 6H as hardest, are most often used by architects or for drafting. Remember that the softer your leads, the more careful you will need to be about smudges and fingerprints.\\n1-4. Get the right erasers.\\nYou will need a white plastic eraser - if you're doing a lot of fine details, get one of the \\\"pen-type\\\" ones that you can just click to feed more eraser out. Also, get a kneaded eraser - this is a special type of putty that picks up graphite, and which can be formed with your fingers into just the right shapes. You may also want to look into an electric eraser - these are capable of the greatest detail. You can also get what's called 'cleaning powder.\\\" It's really just a bag full of eraser crumbs, but if you smear a lot, it can help clean up your drawings quite a lot.\\n1-5. Use a brush to remove eraser or graphite crumbs - don't brush them off with your hand.\\nSoft brushes like this can be purchased at any art supply store. Take care not to use the brush for any purpose other than this, though, or you may find that dirt or other foreign stuff will get transferred from the brush onto your nice drawing.\\n1-6. Use a mahl stick or a drawbridge.\\nIf you're working on a large picture, sometimes you just have to put your hand somewhere. Luckily, there are a couple of tools specifically made for this problem. The first, a mahl stick, is nothing more than a length of doweling with a non-mar rubber tip. Holding the stick in your non-drawing hand, put the rubber tip on the desk or the paper, out of the area where you are working. Now put a pencil or a paperback book at the other end of the stick, where you are holding it. Continue to hold onto the mahl stick so that you can move it with your drawing hand. Rest the heel of your drawing hand on the stick rather than on your drawing, and draw. It keeps your hand up off the picture. A drawbridge is similar - it's usually a piece of clear acrylic about 4\\\"x12\\\", with rubber feet on the bottom. Put the drawbridge on the drawing, where your drawing hand needs to rest, and use it to rest your hand on, instead of laying your hand directly on the drawing.\\n1-7. Fix as you work.\\nGet a can of workable fixative. There are several kinds - make sure you get the workable kind. This is a kind of spray coating which prevents smearing, but it can be erased, and you can draw over it. Don't use too much - it can make the drawing difficult to work on. But used sparingly, this stuff really helps.\\n1-8. Fix permanently when finished.\\nUse a permanent fixative on the drawing when you are done. Make sure you sign your work first!\\nTips\\nGive it a light spray of hairspray if you can't find fixatives.\\nTry using printer photo paper (shiny side down) or tracing paper as a barrier under your hand as you are drawing. The graphite does not stick to the slick surface.\\nHave plenty of pencils on hand so that you can work as long as you feel the inspiration. Make sure you have a sharpener handy, too - but beware that wherever you set it, it may \\\"leak\\\" graphite dust onto that surface. And emptying an eraser should be done some distance from your drawing, just to make sure you don't drop all that graphite dust in a critical area.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Drawing with graphite, or \\\"lead\\\" pencils is a time-honored tradition among artists. When working with sketches or complete drawings, it's important to understand how to smudge only when you intend to! With some practice and hard work, you'll be able to create a smear-free, totally professional-looking drawing.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be careful.\", \"描述\": \"It sounds pretty obvious, but it's the first step to better quality finishes with graphite. Be mindful, and watch how your drawing is developing, and try not to rest the heel of your hand on parts that you have already drawn on. Any oils from your hand can make smudges permanent. Any loose particle of graphite will get caught in that oil and deposit itself on your nice white surface. Watch what you're doing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use good quality paper.\", \"描述\": \"Bristol board with a vellum or kid finish, or Canson papers are excellent for this purpose - they have what's known as \\\"resist\\\" and \\\"tooth\\\" which is critical for a good appearance with a pencil drawing. Don't use thin typing paper or scratch paper to do your masterpiece on - invest in some good quality paper with some heft to it. These papers not only resist smudges a little bit, but they erase cleanly if you do smudge on them.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Think about the softness of your lead.\", \"描述\": \"Softer leads: 6B thru HB, with 6B as the softest and HB as the hardest. 2B is the hardness used most often by animators on cartoons. The softer the lead, the blacker the lines - and the more smear. Harder leads: H - 6H - with H as the softest and 6H as hardest, are most often used by architects or for drafting. Remember that the softer your leads, the more careful you will need to be about smudges and fingerprints.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get the right erasers.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a white plastic eraser - if you're doing a lot of fine details, get one of the \\\"pen-type\\\" ones that you can just click to feed more eraser out. Also, get a kneaded eraser - this is a special type of putty that picks up graphite, and which can be formed with your fingers into just the right shapes. You may also want to look into an electric eraser - these are capable of the greatest detail. You can also get what's called 'cleaning powder.\\\" It's really just a bag full of eraser crumbs, but if you smear a lot, it can help clean up your drawings quite a lot.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use a brush to remove eraser or graphite crumbs - don't brush them off with your hand.\", \"描述\": \"Soft brushes like this can be purchased at any art supply store. Take care not to use the brush for any purpose other than this, though, or you may find that dirt or other foreign stuff will get transferred from the brush onto your nice drawing.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use a mahl stick or a drawbridge.\", \"描述\": \"If you're working on a large picture, sometimes you just have to put your hand somewhere. Luckily, there are a couple of tools specifically made for this problem. The first, a mahl stick, is nothing more than a length of doweling with a non-mar rubber tip. Holding the stick in your non-drawing hand, put the rubber tip on the desk or the paper, out of the area where you are working. Now put a pencil or a paperback book at the other end of the stick, where you are holding it. Continue to hold onto the mahl stick so that you can move it with your drawing hand. Rest the heel of your drawing hand on the stick rather than on your drawing, and draw. It keeps your hand up off the picture. A drawbridge is similar - it's usually a piece of clear acrylic about 4\\\"x12\\\", with rubber feet on the bottom. Put the drawbridge on the drawing, where your drawing hand needs to rest, and use it to rest your hand on, instead of laying your hand directly on the drawing.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Fix as you work.\", \"描述\": \"Get a can of workable fixative. There are several kinds - make sure you get the workable kind. This is a kind of spray coating which prevents smearing, but it can be erased, and you can draw over it. Don't use too much - it can make the drawing difficult to work on. But used sparingly, this stuff really helps.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Fix permanently when finished.\", \"描述\": \"Use a permanent fixative on the drawing when you are done. Make sure you sign your work first!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Give it a light spray of hairspray if you can't find fixatives.\\n\", \"Try using printer photo paper (shiny side down) or tracing paper as a barrier under your hand as you are drawing. The graphite does not stick to the slick surface.\\n\", \"Have plenty of pencils on hand so that you can work as long as you feel the inspiration. Make sure you have a sharpener handy, too - but beware that wherever you set it, it may \\\"leak\\\" graphite dust onto that surface. And emptying an eraser should be done some distance from your drawing, just to make sure you don't drop all that graphite dust in a critical area.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,195 | How to Avoid Smelling Like Alcohol | 1. Consuming Masking Foods and Drinks
1-1. Eat foods with garlic and onion.
The most effective way to conceal the scent of alcohol is to eat equally stinky foods. Try eating foods with garlic and onion for breakfast. Some ideas include:
Breakfast omelette
Savory breakfast scones
Savory crepes
1-2. Drink coffee.
Another stinky consumable item that is effective at covering the smell of alcohol is coffee. Have a cup of coffee in the morning, and continue drinking coffee throughout the day. If you are sensitive to caffeine, switch to decaf.
Be aware that coffee breath can be offensive too.
1-3. Have peanut butter for lunch.
Peanut butter is also effective at concealing alcohol breath. Consider packing a peanut buttery treat in your lunch for the day. Some ideas include:
Ants on a log
Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
Noodles with peanut sauce
1-4. Stay hydrated.
Drinking plenty of water is the best way to flush out your system and eradicate (rather than just cover) the scent of alcohol. Aim to drink half of your body weight in ounces. For example, if you weigh 150 pounds (68 kg), try to drink 75 fluid ounces (2.2 l). Good news: water is also the best cure for a hangover.
1-5. Chew gum throughout the day.
As your body metabolizes alcohol, the scent can reappear on your breath. Help to keep it at bay by regularly chewing gum or using breath mints throughout your day.
2. Using Grooming Techniques
2-1. Brush your teeth and use mouthwash.
It is true that brushing your teeth alone is not enough to get rid of the alcohol scent, but it is still a crucial and important first step. Brush your teeth thoroughly with minty toothpaste, and follow with mint-flavored mouthwash.
You may want to bring your dental hygiene items along with you and repeat this later in the day.
2-2. Exercise in the morning.
20-30 minutes of vigorous cardio in the morning can help your body to process any excess alcohol and sweat out some of the alcohol smell. Some ideas for working up a sweat include:
Running
Jumping rope
Dancing to music
Doing step aerobics
2-3. Take a shower.
Just like toothbrushing, you may have heard that taking a shower alone is not enough to keep that alcohol scent away. But this doesn’t mean you should skip the shower! Take a good, long shower. Wash your hair and use scented soap.
If you plan to exercise, wait until afterward to shower.
2-4. Cover up the smell of your perspiration.
As your day goes on, you are liable to start sweating. This can re-release the smell of alcohol on you. You can combat this by applying deodorant after your shower. You might also sprinkle some baby powder onto your body to absorb any additional sweat and keep you smelling fresh.
You may want to re-apply these products later in the day.
If you are sweating a lot, you may want to change into clean clothes about halfway through your day.
2-5. Use perfume or cologne.
A little spritz can go a long way toward covering up the smell of booze. Use a bit of your favorite scent. Avoid overdoing it. Instead consider reapplying perfume/cologne a little later in the day.
3. Preventing the Smell of Alcohol
3-1. Drink in moderation.
The best way to avoid an alcohol odor is to prevent it before it occurs. Limit yourself to 1-2 drinks per day, or up to 3 for special events. The following amounts are equal to “1 drink”:
12 fluid ounces (350 ml) of beer
5 fluid ounces (150 ml) of wine
1.5 fluid ounces (44 ml) of distilled spirits (80 proof)
3-2. Alternate between water and alcoholic drinks.
For every beer, glass of wine, or cocktail you consume, drink 1 glass of water. This will prevent you from overdoing it, and help your body to better process the alcohol. This can help prevent any alcohol smell.
3-3. Clean your clothing, including your outerwear.
Anytime you wear an article of clothing out to a party or bar, be sure to clean it afterward. This is especially true for outerwear (like jackets, coats, and hats) and dress clothing (like suit jackets). Having these items cleaned will reduce your chances of carrying around a lingering alcohol odor.
Anytime you bring these items into a drinking situation, there is a chance of them being spilled on.
If you don’t have these items cleaned, you may not even notice a spill until you wear the garment again.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Consuming Masking Foods and Drinks\\n1-1. Eat foods with garlic and onion.\\nThe most effective way to conceal the scent of alcohol is to eat equally stinky foods. Try eating foods with garlic and onion for breakfast. Some ideas include:\\nBreakfast omelette\\nSavory breakfast scones\\nSavory crepes\\n1-2. Drink coffee.\\nAnother stinky consumable item that is effective at covering the smell of alcohol is coffee. Have a cup of coffee in the morning, and continue drinking coffee throughout the day. If you are sensitive to caffeine, switch to decaf.\\nBe aware that coffee breath can be offensive too.\\n1-3. Have peanut butter for lunch.\\nPeanut butter is also effective at concealing alcohol breath. Consider packing a peanut buttery treat in your lunch for the day. Some ideas include:\\nAnts on a log\\nPeanut butter and jelly sandwich\\nNoodles with peanut sauce\\n1-4. Stay hydrated.\\nDrinking plenty of water is the best way to flush out your system and eradicate (rather than just cover) the scent of alcohol. Aim to drink half of your body weight in ounces. For example, if you weigh 150 pounds (68 kg), try to drink 75 fluid ounces (2.2 l). Good news: water is also the best cure for a hangover.\\n1-5. Chew gum throughout the day.\\nAs your body metabolizes alcohol, the scent can reappear on your breath. Help to keep it at bay by regularly chewing gum or using breath mints throughout your day.\\n2. Using Grooming Techniques\\n2-1. Brush your teeth and use mouthwash.\\nIt is true that brushing your teeth alone is not enough to get rid of the alcohol scent, but it is still a crucial and important first step. Brush your teeth thoroughly with minty toothpaste, and follow with mint-flavored mouthwash.\\nYou may want to bring your dental hygiene items along with you and repeat this later in the day.\\n2-2. Exercise in the morning.\\n20-30 minutes of vigorous cardio in the morning can help your body to process any excess alcohol and sweat out some of the alcohol smell. Some ideas for working up a sweat include:\\nRunning\\nJumping rope\\nDancing to music\\nDoing step aerobics\\n2-3. Take a shower.\\nJust like toothbrushing, you may have heard that taking a shower alone is not enough to keep that alcohol scent away. But this doesn’t mean you should skip the shower! Take a good, long shower. Wash your hair and use scented soap.\\nIf you plan to exercise, wait until afterward to shower.\\n2-4. Cover up the smell of your perspiration.\\nAs your day goes on, you are liable to start sweating. This can re-release the smell of alcohol on you. You can combat this by applying deodorant after your shower. You might also sprinkle some baby powder onto your body to absorb any additional sweat and keep you smelling fresh.\\nYou may want to re-apply these products later in the day.\\nIf you are sweating a lot, you may want to change into clean clothes about halfway through your day.\\n2-5. Use perfume or cologne.\\nA little spritz can go a long way toward covering up the smell of booze. Use a bit of your favorite scent. Avoid overdoing it. Instead consider reapplying perfume/cologne a little later in the day.\\n3. Preventing the Smell of Alcohol\\n3-1. Drink in moderation.\\nThe best way to avoid an alcohol odor is to prevent it before it occurs. Limit yourself to 1-2 drinks per day, or up to 3 for special events. The following amounts are equal to “1 drink”:\\n12 fluid ounces (350 ml) of beer\\n5 fluid ounces (150 ml) of wine\\n1.5 fluid ounces (44 ml) of distilled spirits (80 proof)\\n3-2. Alternate between water and alcoholic drinks.\\nFor every beer, glass of wine, or cocktail you consume, drink 1 glass of water. This will prevent you from overdoing it, and help your body to better process the alcohol. This can help prevent any alcohol smell.\\n3-3. Clean your clothing, including your outerwear.\\nAnytime you wear an article of clothing out to a party or bar, be sure to clean it afterward. This is especially true for outerwear (like jackets, coats, and hats) and dress clothing (like suit jackets). Having these items cleaned will reduce your chances of carrying around a lingering alcohol odor.\\nAnytime you bring these items into a drinking situation, there is a chance of them being spilled on.\\nIf you don’t have these items cleaned, you may not even notice a spill until you wear the garment again.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The smell of alcohol has been known to linger. For several hours after drinking, or in the morning after a night out, your breath and skin can still give off an alcohol scent. Fortunately, by consuming the right foods and drinks, and by following some grooming guidelines, you can successfully mask that alcohol smell. Furthermore, you there are some steps you can take to avoid smelling like alcohol in the first place.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consuming Masking Foods and Drinks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Eat foods with garlic and onion.\", \"描述\": \"The most effective way to conceal the scent of alcohol is to eat equally stinky foods. Try eating foods with garlic and onion for breakfast. Some ideas include:\\nBreakfast omelette\\nSavory breakfast scones\\nSavory crepes\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Drink coffee.\", \"描述\": \"Another stinky consumable item that is effective at covering the smell of alcohol is coffee. Have a cup of coffee in the morning, and continue drinking coffee throughout the day. If you are sensitive to caffeine, switch to decaf.\\nBe aware that coffee breath can be offensive too.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have peanut butter for lunch.\", \"描述\": \"Peanut butter is also effective at concealing alcohol breath. Consider packing a peanut buttery treat in your lunch for the day. Some ideas include:\\nAnts on a log\\nPeanut butter and jelly sandwich\\nNoodles with peanut sauce\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay hydrated.\", \"描述\": \"Drinking plenty of water is the best way to flush out your system and eradicate (rather than just cover) the scent of alcohol. Aim to drink half of your body weight in ounces. For example, if you weigh 150 pounds (68 kg), try to drink 75 fluid ounces (2.2 l). Good news: water is also the best cure for a hangover.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Chew gum throughout the day.\", \"描述\": \"As your body metabolizes alcohol, the scent can reappear on your breath. Help to keep it at bay by regularly chewing gum or using breath mints throughout your day.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Grooming Techniques\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brush your teeth and use mouthwash.\", \"描述\": \"It is true that brushing your teeth alone is not enough to get rid of the alcohol scent, but it is still a crucial and important first step. Brush your teeth thoroughly with minty toothpaste, and follow with mint-flavored mouthwash.\\nYou may want to bring your dental hygiene items along with you and repeat this later in the day.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Exercise in the morning.\", \"描述\": \"20-30 minutes of vigorous cardio in the morning can help your body to process any excess alcohol and sweat out some of the alcohol smell. Some ideas for working up a sweat include:\\nRunning\\nJumping rope\\nDancing to music\\nDoing step aerobics\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take a shower.\", \"描述\": \"Just like toothbrushing, you may have heard that taking a shower alone is not enough to keep that alcohol scent away. But this doesn’t mean you should skip the shower! Take a good, long shower. Wash your hair and use scented soap.\\nIf you plan to exercise, wait until afterward to shower.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cover up the smell of your perspiration.\", \"描述\": \"As your day goes on, you are liable to start sweating. This can re-release the smell of alcohol on you. You can combat this by applying deodorant after your shower. You might also sprinkle some baby powder onto your body to absorb any additional sweat and keep you smelling fresh.\\nYou may want to re-apply these products later in the day.\\nIf you are sweating a lot, you may want to change into clean clothes about halfway through your day.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use perfume or cologne.\", \"描述\": \"A little spritz can go a long way toward covering up the smell of booze. Use a bit of your favorite scent. Avoid overdoing it. Instead consider reapplying perfume/cologne a little later in the day.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Preventing the Smell of Alcohol\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drink in moderation.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to avoid an alcohol odor is to prevent it before it occurs. Limit yourself to 1-2 drinks per day, or up to 3 for special events. The following amounts are equal to “1 drink”:\\n12 fluid ounces (350 ml) of beer\\n5 fluid ounces (150 ml) of wine\\n1.5 fluid ounces (44 ml) of distilled spirits (80 proof)\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Alternate between water and alcoholic drinks.\", \"描述\": \"For every beer, glass of wine, or cocktail you consume, drink 1 glass of water. This will prevent you from overdoing it, and help your body to better process the alcohol. This can help prevent any alcohol smell.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Clean your clothing, including your outerwear.\", \"描述\": \"Anytime you wear an article of clothing out to a party or bar, be sure to clean it afterward. This is especially true for outerwear (like jackets, coats, and hats) and dress clothing (like suit jackets). Having these items cleaned will reduce your chances of carrying around a lingering alcohol odor.\\nAnytime you bring these items into a drinking situation, there is a chance of them being spilled on.\\nIf you don’t have these items cleaned, you may not even notice a spill until you wear the garment again.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,196 | How to Avoid Smiling at Inappropriate Times | 1. Identifying Your Smile Triggers
1-1. Ask a friend if they’ve noticed your inappropriate smile.
Choose someone who you’ve been in some uncomfortable situations with. These are most likely to be the times you’ve smiled inappropriately.
Even if you’re positive that you smile inappropriately, it’s good to ask a friend. They might not have noticed, or the problem may not be as bad as you think.
You can ask your friend to keep an eye out for your inappropriate smile in the future. Make sure they know to only alert you to it afterward, in private.
Your friend might have insight into the kinds of situations that cause you to smile inappropriately. For example, they may notice a pattern such as you smiling when someone conveys bad news or when someone hurts themselves.
1-2. Notice what makes you smile inappropriately.
You might already have an idea of what triggers your inappropriate smiling. Be as specific as possible in pinpointing what your personal triggers are.
For example, instead of deciding that you smile when you feel uncomfortable, be more specific. Is it when you feel shy in front of an authority figure? Or when you feel put on the spot? Or when talking to someone you secretly find attractive? All of these situations might be uncomfortable, but the more specific you can be, the better.
If you catch yourself smiling inappropriately, don’t beat yourself up over it. Simply take note, and remember what the scenario was so you can practice changing your behavior.
1-3. Choose the moments that you want to stop smiling.
You may not want or be able to stop smiling at all uncomfortable moments. Pick one or two situations that you want to focus on while you practice not smiling.
Your trigger may be one specific person or scenario. If this is the case, you may do best to avoid that person or scenario until you have become practiced at not smiling.
You can choose the situation that is the hardest for you, or one that might be easier. It’s up to you. You may want to pick a scenario you’re in frequently, so you can use your new skills often.
2. Replacing Smiling with Another Behavior
2-1. Choose a replacement behavior.
A great way to change a habit is to replace it with something else. Smiling inappropriately is really just a habit, so you should be able to pick another behavior that you can do instead.
Choose something simple that others are unlikely to notice, such as biting down on your tongue, rubbing your fingers together, or wiggling your toes.
It’s great if you can pick something that helps you deal with your feelings of discomfort. For example, if you smile when you feel under pressure, replacing the smile with silently taking three deep breaths can also help you calm down and relieve the pressure.
2-2. Practice replacing a smile with the new behavior by yourself.
Imagine that you’re in a scenario where you might smile inappropriately. Imagine who you would be with and what they would do or say. As you do this, practice your replacement behavior while not smiling.
If you feel comfortable, you can ask a friend or family member to role play with you and to pretend to be someone else so you can practice.
Practice many times, until doing your replacement behavior instead of smiling becomes second nature.
2-3. Try the replacement behavior in a real scenario.
You may not be able to plan for this, since triggering situations tend to be unpredictable. However, you need to practice in real situations in order to fully develop your new habit.
If you still smile, and it’s not too embarrassing, you can say something like, “I’m sorry. I know it’s inappropriate that I just smiled. It’s something I’m working on. I’m not actually happy to hear the bad news.”
Continue to practice, both at home and with other people. You can replay a real-life scenario by yourself later, if you want to practice responding differently than you did.
2-4. Choose a different behavior if you need to.
Not all replacement behaviors will work for you. If the one you chose isn’t working, try a new one. Practice it at home and in real scenarios, too.
A behavior may also involve saying affirmations or mantras to yourself. For example, you may need to tap your fingers together while also thinking to yourself, “I am sorry to hear what this person is going through. It’s difficult for them.”
3. Rewarding Yourself When You Succeed
3-1. Congratulate yourself when you don’t smile inappropriately.
Rewards are an important part of changing habits. You need to reward yourself every time you do a good job controlling your smile.
Tell yourself that you did a great job. It even helps to say this out loud once you’re alone.
Physically pat yourself on the back. It may seem silly, but it’s actually effective.
You can give yourself a more tangible reward, if you like. You can take yourself out for a nice meal or buy yourself something as a gift.
3-2. Stay positive even if you mess up.
No one is going to change their habits perfectly right off the bat. Accept the fact you’ll probably still smile inappropriately sometimes. Don’t beat yourself up when you slip.
Being too hard on yourself is likely to make you even more uncomfortable in tough situations. That can create a cycle of discomfort that will lead to you smiling when you don’t want to.
Say positive affirmations to yourself, such as, “That was a good try. Next time, I’m going to do even better.”
3-3. Continue to practice until you successfully change your habit.
There are conflicting thoughts on how long it takes to break and reform habits. However, everyone can agree that it doesn’t happen overnight. It may take anywhere from three weeks to three months of consistent work.
If you’re doing very well with changing your habit, you can practice with more scenarios and ones that are more challenging.
3-4. Let yourself smile when it is appropriate.
Make sure you keep allowing yourself to smile when you actually should! Smiling is a huge way that people convey comfort, affection, and attraction. Don’t retrain yourself so much that you lose the ability to smile in an uncontrolled way.
When you’re around someone who you are attracted to but don’t want them to know it, you may want to control your smile. However, if it would be okay for them to think that you like them, let yourself smile! They will likely feel more comfortable around you.
Even in difficult situations, smiling and laughing are ways people often deal with grief and trauma. It’s perfectly okay to smile or laugh at a funeral or other somber occasion, as long as you’re not being rude or inconsiderate.
Tips
If someone scolds you for smiling inappropriately, let them know that you’re working on it. Thank them, and don’t take it personally.
Be patient. Breaking habits takes time. Don’t give up.
Warnings
Smiling inappropriately can also be a symptom of having had a stroke, or being on the autism spectrum. If someone you know smiles at what seems like the wrong time, there may be a clinical reason for it.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Identifying Your Smile Triggers\\n1-1. Ask a friend if they’ve noticed your inappropriate smile.\\nChoose someone who you’ve been in some uncomfortable situations with. These are most likely to be the times you’ve smiled inappropriately.\\nEven if you’re positive that you smile inappropriately, it’s good to ask a friend. They might not have noticed, or the problem may not be as bad as you think.\\nYou can ask your friend to keep an eye out for your inappropriate smile in the future. Make sure they know to only alert you to it afterward, in private.\\nYour friend might have insight into the kinds of situations that cause you to smile inappropriately. For example, they may notice a pattern such as you smiling when someone conveys bad news or when someone hurts themselves.\\n1-2. Notice what makes you smile inappropriately.\\nYou might already have an idea of what triggers your inappropriate smiling. Be as specific as possible in pinpointing what your personal triggers are.\\nFor example, instead of deciding that you smile when you feel uncomfortable, be more specific. Is it when you feel shy in front of an authority figure? Or when you feel put on the spot? Or when talking to someone you secretly find attractive? All of these situations might be uncomfortable, but the more specific you can be, the better.\\nIf you catch yourself smiling inappropriately, don’t beat yourself up over it. Simply take note, and remember what the scenario was so you can practice changing your behavior.\\n1-3. Choose the moments that you want to stop smiling.\\nYou may not want or be able to stop smiling at all uncomfortable moments. Pick one or two situations that you want to focus on while you practice not smiling.\\nYour trigger may be one specific person or scenario. If this is the case, you may do best to avoid that person or scenario until you have become practiced at not smiling.\\nYou can choose the situation that is the hardest for you, or one that might be easier. It’s up to you. You may want to pick a scenario you’re in frequently, so you can use your new skills often.\\n2. Replacing Smiling with Another Behavior\\n2-1. Choose a replacement behavior.\\nA great way to change a habit is to replace it with something else. Smiling inappropriately is really just a habit, so you should be able to pick another behavior that you can do instead.\\nChoose something simple that others are unlikely to notice, such as biting down on your tongue, rubbing your fingers together, or wiggling your toes.\\nIt’s great if you can pick something that helps you deal with your feelings of discomfort. For example, if you smile when you feel under pressure, replacing the smile with silently taking three deep breaths can also help you calm down and relieve the pressure.\\n2-2. Practice replacing a smile with the new behavior by yourself.\\nImagine that you’re in a scenario where you might smile inappropriately. Imagine who you would be with and what they would do or say. As you do this, practice your replacement behavior while not smiling.\\nIf you feel comfortable, you can ask a friend or family member to role play with you and to pretend to be someone else so you can practice.\\nPractice many times, until doing your replacement behavior instead of smiling becomes second nature.\\n2-3. Try the replacement behavior in a real scenario.\\nYou may not be able to plan for this, since triggering situations tend to be unpredictable. However, you need to practice in real situations in order to fully develop your new habit.\\nIf you still smile, and it’s not too embarrassing, you can say something like, “I’m sorry. I know it’s inappropriate that I just smiled. It’s something I’m working on. I’m not actually happy to hear the bad news.”\\nContinue to practice, both at home and with other people. You can replay a real-life scenario by yourself later, if you want to practice responding differently than you did.\\n2-4. Choose a different behavior if you need to.\\nNot all replacement behaviors will work for you. If the one you chose isn’t working, try a new one. Practice it at home and in real scenarios, too.\\nA behavior may also involve saying affirmations or mantras to yourself. For example, you may need to tap your fingers together while also thinking to yourself, “I am sorry to hear what this person is going through. It’s difficult for them.”\\n3. Rewarding Yourself When You Succeed\\n3-1. Congratulate yourself when you don’t smile inappropriately.\\nRewards are an important part of changing habits. You need to reward yourself every time you do a good job controlling your smile.\\nTell yourself that you did a great job. It even helps to say this out loud once you’re alone.\\nPhysically pat yourself on the back. It may seem silly, but it’s actually effective.\\nYou can give yourself a more tangible reward, if you like. You can take yourself out for a nice meal or buy yourself something as a gift.\\n3-2. Stay positive even if you mess up.\\nNo one is going to change their habits perfectly right off the bat. Accept the fact you’ll probably still smile inappropriately sometimes. Don’t beat yourself up when you slip.\\nBeing too hard on yourself is likely to make you even more uncomfortable in tough situations. That can create a cycle of discomfort that will lead to you smiling when you don’t want to.\\nSay positive affirmations to yourself, such as, “That was a good try. Next time, I’m going to do even better.”\\n3-3. Continue to practice until you successfully change your habit.\\nThere are conflicting thoughts on how long it takes to break and reform habits. However, everyone can agree that it doesn’t happen overnight. It may take anywhere from three weeks to three months of consistent work.\\nIf you’re doing very well with changing your habit, you can practice with more scenarios and ones that are more challenging.\\n3-4. Let yourself smile when it is appropriate.\\nMake sure you keep allowing yourself to smile when you actually should! Smiling is a huge way that people convey comfort, affection, and attraction. Don’t retrain yourself so much that you lose the ability to smile in an uncontrolled way.\\nWhen you’re around someone who you are attracted to but don’t want them to know it, you may want to control your smile. However, if it would be okay for them to think that you like them, let yourself smile! They will likely feel more comfortable around you.\\nEven in difficult situations, smiling and laughing are ways people often deal with grief and trauma. It’s perfectly okay to smile or laugh at a funeral or other somber occasion, as long as you’re not being rude or inconsiderate.\\nTips\\nIf someone scolds you for smiling inappropriately, let them know that you’re working on it. Thank them, and don’t take it personally.\\nBe patient. Breaking habits takes time. Don’t give up.\\nWarnings\\nSmiling inappropriately can also be a symptom of having had a stroke, or being on the autism spectrum. If someone you know smiles at what seems like the wrong time, there may be a clinical reason for it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are many reasons that people smile or laugh. Usually, people smile because they feel happy or comfortable. However, sometimes they smile when it's actually inappropriate. This is usually caused by nervousness and not knowing how to respond in a given moment. Luckily, smiling inappropriately is a habit that can be changed just like any other.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identifying Your Smile Triggers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask a friend if they’ve noticed your inappropriate smile.\", \"描述\": \"Choose someone who you’ve been in some uncomfortable situations with. These are most likely to be the times you’ve smiled inappropriately.\\nEven if you’re positive that you smile inappropriately, it’s good to ask a friend. They might not have noticed, or the problem may not be as bad as you think.\\nYou can ask your friend to keep an eye out for your inappropriate smile in the future. Make sure they know to only alert you to it afterward, in private.\\nYour friend might have insight into the kinds of situations that cause you to smile inappropriately. For example, they may notice a pattern such as you smiling when someone conveys bad news or when someone hurts themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Notice what makes you smile inappropriately.\", \"描述\": \"You might already have an idea of what triggers your inappropriate smiling. Be as specific as possible in pinpointing what your personal triggers are.\\nFor example, instead of deciding that you smile when you feel uncomfortable, be more specific. Is it when you feel shy in front of an authority figure? Or when you feel put on the spot? Or when talking to someone you secretly find attractive? All of these situations might be uncomfortable, but the more specific you can be, the better.\\nIf you catch yourself smiling inappropriately, don’t beat yourself up over it. Simply take note, and remember what the scenario was so you can practice changing your behavior.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose the moments that you want to stop smiling.\", \"描述\": \"You may not want or be able to stop smiling at all uncomfortable moments. Pick one or two situations that you want to focus on while you practice not smiling.\\nYour trigger may be one specific person or scenario. If this is the case, you may do best to avoid that person or scenario until you have become practiced at not smiling.\\nYou can choose the situation that is the hardest for you, or one that might be easier. It’s up to you. You may want to pick a scenario you’re in frequently, so you can use your new skills often.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Replacing Smiling with Another Behavior\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a replacement behavior.\", \"描述\": \"A great way to change a habit is to replace it with something else. Smiling inappropriately is really just a habit, so you should be able to pick another behavior that you can do instead.\\nChoose something simple that others are unlikely to notice, such as biting down on your tongue, rubbing your fingers together, or wiggling your toes.\\nIt’s great if you can pick something that helps you deal with your feelings of discomfort. For example, if you smile when you feel under pressure, replacing the smile with silently taking three deep breaths can also help you calm down and relieve the pressure.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice replacing a smile with the new behavior by yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Imagine that you’re in a scenario where you might smile inappropriately. Imagine who you would be with and what they would do or say. As you do this, practice your replacement behavior while not smiling.\\nIf you feel comfortable, you can ask a friend or family member to role play with you and to pretend to be someone else so you can practice.\\nPractice many times, until doing your replacement behavior instead of smiling becomes second nature.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try the replacement behavior in a real scenario.\", \"描述\": \"You may not be able to plan for this, since triggering situations tend to be unpredictable. However, you need to practice in real situations in order to fully develop your new habit.\\nIf you still smile, and it’s not too embarrassing, you can say something like, “I’m sorry. I know it’s inappropriate that I just smiled. It’s something I’m working on. I’m not actually happy to hear the bad news.”\\nContinue to practice, both at home and with other people. You can replay a real-life scenario by yourself later, if you want to practice responding differently than you did.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose a different behavior if you need to.\", \"描述\": \"Not all replacement behaviors will work for you. If the one you chose isn’t working, try a new one. Practice it at home and in real scenarios, too.\\nA behavior may also involve saying affirmations or mantras to yourself. For example, you may need to tap your fingers together while also thinking to yourself, “I am sorry to hear what this person is going through. It’s difficult for them.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Rewarding Yourself When You Succeed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Congratulate yourself when you don’t smile inappropriately.\", \"描述\": \"Rewards are an important part of changing habits. You need to reward yourself every time you do a good job controlling your smile.\\nTell yourself that you did a great job. It even helps to say this out loud once you’re alone.\\nPhysically pat yourself on the back. It may seem silly, but it’s actually effective.\\nYou can give yourself a more tangible reward, if you like. You can take yourself out for a nice meal or buy yourself something as a gift.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay positive even if you mess up.\", \"描述\": \"No one is going to change their habits perfectly right off the bat. Accept the fact you’ll probably still smile inappropriately sometimes. Don’t beat yourself up when you slip.\\nBeing too hard on yourself is likely to make you even more uncomfortable in tough situations. That can create a cycle of discomfort that will lead to you smiling when you don’t want to.\\nSay positive affirmations to yourself, such as, “That was a good try. Next time, I’m going to do even better.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continue to practice until you successfully change your habit.\", \"描述\": \"There are conflicting thoughts on how long it takes to break and reform habits. However, everyone can agree that it doesn’t happen overnight. It may take anywhere from three weeks to three months of consistent work.\\nIf you’re doing very well with changing your habit, you can practice with more scenarios and ones that are more challenging.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Let yourself smile when it is appropriate.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you keep allowing yourself to smile when you actually should! Smiling is a huge way that people convey comfort, affection, and attraction. Don’t retrain yourself so much that you lose the ability to smile in an uncontrolled way.\\nWhen you’re around someone who you are attracted to but don’t want them to know it, you may want to control your smile. However, if it would be okay for them to think that you like them, let yourself smile! They will likely feel more comfortable around you.\\nEven in difficult situations, smiling and laughing are ways people often deal with grief and trauma. It’s perfectly okay to smile or laugh at a funeral or other somber occasion, as long as you’re not being rude or inconsiderate.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If someone scolds you for smiling inappropriately, let them know that you’re working on it. Thank them, and don’t take it personally.\\n\", \"Be patient. Breaking habits takes time. Don’t give up.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Smiling inappropriately can also be a symptom of having had a stroke, or being on the autism spectrum. If someone you know smiles at what seems like the wrong time, there may be a clinical reason for it.\\n\"]}]}}",
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} | wikihow |
3,197 | How to Avoid Snakes | 1. Understanding Snakes
1-1. Realize that the majority of snakes do not seek an encounter with humans.
They would much prefer to avoid a human and, if given the chance, will escape rather than attack you. The problems humans face with snakes usually arise due to accidental encounters or human actions towards the snake––both of these problems can be managed from the human side, as this article will explain.
1-2. Know where snakes hang out.
Snakes like to be hidden most of the time but warmer weather or surfaces can entice them out to sun themselves too. For the most part, snakes like such places as under rocks, on ledges, in trees, inside hollow logs, under wood piles and in shrubbery. They can also be found in water––both land and water-based snakes can swim. Things to note include:
Snakes are masters of camouflage. They can easily be overlooked for leaf litter, sticks and plant materials. This is why you are at greater risk of encountering a snake when going off-path and into thick vegetation. The human defensive skill when walking amid potentially dangerous wildlife is vision and whenever human sight is reduced, the risk increases.
1-3. Be aware that snakes hear differently from humans, as they lack external ears.
However, they can hear through their inner ear via their jawbone, and what they hear are vibrations. Thus, having a heavy footfall as you walk will help to alert a snake you're coming, allowing it to slither off in the opposite direction.
This inability to hear in the same way that we do can be used to your advantage, as you can alert your fellow humans that you have come across a snake without any concern that your talking will aggravate it.
1-4. Understand what causes a snake to attack a human.
As already explained, snakes don't want to attack humans but there is one guaranteed reason a snake will seek to bite a human and that is when the snake feels threatened. A snakebite is a defensive reaction, not a deliberate attack. After all, it wants to live as much as you do. A snake will most likely feel threatened when:
You tread on it. While this may seem unfair, it's a case of the snake not knowing what has suddenly landed on it and you being surprised at its presence. Surprise is something you can control and prevent.
The snake is cornered. A snake, like any animal, will react unkindly to feeling it has no escape from a potential predator (yes, you look like a predator to a snake, as you're much larger and you're moving). Some snakes are more fiercely defensive than others, so always presume a snake will fight its utmost to stay alive.
You hassle the snake in any way, such as chasing it, throwing rocks at it, trying to pick it up, or worse still, trying to kill it.
1-5. Know what to be wary of in the snake's body language.
Knowing when a snake is turning defensive can help you to take fast evasive action. Things to watch for include:
The snake curls itself up; in some snake species, this can be a sign it is getting ready to strike.
The snake raises its head. When done in reaction to an encounter, it is a fairly good indicator that the snake is getting ready to strike.
Striking distance of a snake is generally about half the snake's body length but you should give the snake at least double that length of space between you and it. Moreover, this is dependent on the snake type, hence the need for learning more about the snakes in your walking area, before you go walking.
1-6. Assume nothing about a snake's willingness or otherwise to attack.
A lazy-looking snake is as capable of attacking as an active one. A snake is able to attack from any position, so assume that any snake needs to be avoided. Baby snakes are harder to see and likely to be more easily frightened than an adult snake and are just as dangerous if threatened. Dead snakes can still bite, due to biting reflexes and venom lasts a long time post death. Hence, obey the best rule of all in relation to snakes––don't touch.
1-7. Learn more about snakes.
While we may (or may not) have the same fear reactions to snakes as other primates, we have the advantage of learning to help us to manage such fear. We have many things to fear in our daily lives, but we manage these things through learning and better understanding. For example, we know not to step out in front of a moving car because we have learned what the outcome will be if we do. Snakes are no different––the more we learn and adjust our behaviour accordingly, the better we can stay safe and avoid snakes. Moreover, if we cannot avoid a snake encounter, we can at least know how to react to increase the chances that both human and snake depart each other's company unscathed. The remaining steps will help you to better understand how to avoid snakes and how to cope should you come across one.
2. Avoiding Snakes when Walking in the Great Outdoors
2-1. Know when you're heading into snake territory.
Some parts of the world, some parts of your own region, are more likely to contain snakes than other places. Find out in advance where snakes live in your neck of the woods or where you're traveling to, before you venture out on a walk. Ask locals, park rangers or the local government authority for advice. In many places, you may be able to check online for snake information. Guidebooks on hiking will likely provide such information and many trail-head map boards will alert you to the presence of snakes. Do not go forth unawares!
What snakes are in your area? Are they venomous or non-venomous, or a mix of the two? Have you spent some time looking at images of the snakes in your area to enable you know the type of snake should you encounter one? What are the specific habits of the snakes in your local area? All this knowledge can help you to avoid them or keep safe should you encounter one.
The risk of snake bite varies depending on where you are but, on the whole, it is statistically low. While the statistical likelihood doesn't reduce the need for vigilance, it can help to put things in perspective.
2-2. Walk with someone.
It is not advisable to walk alone when there is a risk of snakebite or any other harm in the bush or back country. If you are bitten while walking alone, there is less chance of getting help fast enough to give you first aid. If you do walk alone, carry a snake first aid kit suited to the snakes in your area (this will contain a compression bandage or other appropriate needs) and know how to use the pressure immobilization technique on yourself.
If you cannot walk with others, always have a means for contacting people if an emergency happens. If there is no mobile reception, take a form of communication that will work. At the very least, let a park ranger or other suitable person know your movements and expected return time.
2-3. Dress appropriately.
For walks where snakes are likely to be, always wear the appropriate clothing, especially for your feet and legs. Ninety percent of snake bites are focused on the ankle area, so it makes sense to cover up these parts of your body well. This means wearing long pants (no exposed legs) and good quality, sturdy, fully covering hiking boots (no open toes).That means leaving shorts, skorts and skirts at home. In addition, wear gaiters; choose gaiters that are marked snake-resistant. The additional fabric over your long pants and boots will help to prevent the snake's fangs from piercing through to your skin, or at the very least, may reduce the amount of venom injected.
Boots that cover the ankles are a very good choice. Avoid any shoes with open toes; sandals and flip flops (jandals/thongs) offer no protection and do not make adequate vibrations when walking.
Looser pants (trousers) are better than close-fitting ones. Since a snake's bite instinctively clamps on, if it gets nothing more than pants, you may avoid a bite on your skin. Looser pants also allow for better airflow that cools you in warmer weather (the weather you're more likely to encounter snakes in). The fabric is best when close-knit and strong.
Thick socks are an extra layer of protection, provided you can stand them if it's hot. Gaiters may be preferable if it's too hot or your feet are too sweaty, although combining both gives added protection.
If the snakes are known to strike higher, knee-high gaiters may be your best choice.
Note! Do not rely on clothing alone, as it is just one part of your whole line of defensive actions. There is no guarantee a snake won't bite through clothing, the clothing suggestions here are just a sensible precaution as part of the whole.
2-4. Stay alert when walking and watch where you're going.
This cannot be over-stressed; you have a duty to yourself and your bush-walking party to stay alert at all times. This means looking ahead to where you're going at all times. Always look around and be aware of your surroundings. Look down where you are walking so that you don't accidentally step on a snake.
If you need to do anything that causes you to take your eyes off the path ahead, stop first, then do it. If you walk while trying to read a map, take photos, admire the scenery, fish out some snacks from your pack or drink water and you can't keep looking at the path ahead, there is a risk of walking into a snake.
Do not rely on the person in front to clear the path ahead. A snake can slither across the path after the person ahead has passed on by. Every walker needs to be vigilant.
If you are walking with persons who cannot see or who cannot stay alert (children, visually impaired persons, etc.), then you are wholly responsible for their safety too. By all means enable them to stay safe by talking to them about what to be concerned about and how to act with care but remain wholly responsible for looking out for their safety in the knowledge that they have limitations.
2-5. Stick to walking paths as much as possible.
While snakes will use paths to cross from one part of the bush to another, and sometimes to sun themselves, the path is open, and you will see any snakes doing such things well before you come across them. This allows you the opportunity to turn back or wait until the snake has moved on should you encounter one (see below if you do meet a snake). Stay on open, clear and marked trails, to make it easier to see where you're going.
2-6. Watch where you tread.
This is a vital part of staying alert; always be looking ahead for the possibility of a snake on the path before and alongside of you. If you move off the path, check where every footfall will land before making it. The ideal approach is to be checking several steps ahead of you as you walk.
It can be helpful to have a walking stick or pole. These aren't just a walking aid but can also be used to part grass or other vegetation if you need to walk through it, especially if it's obscuring your pathway. Better that a snake bites the stick than you. Use it gently, as the best outcome is that no living being gets hurt.
If climbing over a log or rock, stand on it first. Then look down on the other side where you weren't able to see before ascending. If there is a snake resting there, you still have time to back down on the original side and walk a different way.
2-7. Walk firmly, with sure steps.
This means making it clear that you're coming through your heavy tread, to cause vibrations ahead. This in itself will often be enough to cause many a snake to scatter and hide before you even reach where it was. Use a walking stick to thud on the path as well, for added vibration. Most snakes won't stick around when they're alert to an unknown thudding beast coming their way. However, there are exceptions, such as snakes enjoying the sunshine too much to move and snakes that have barely warmed up and cannot react quickly enough––for such snakes, striking first can be their only defensive reaction. Also, there are snake species that don't move for whatever reason. Some snakes stay absolutely still in the hope their camouflage will deter predators. The trouble with such behavior is that you can easily tread on such a snake, so stay alert.
One example of a snake that relies on its camouflage over moving out of the way is the Australian death adder. It will often remain coiled up, relying on the leaf litter as camouflage. This is why you must not rely on vibration alone, but also use sight (look for coiled, round shapes in this instance), while also gently prodding through vegetation with the walking stick before heading across it. This is yet another reason why you need to be aware of what type of snakes are in the area and their typical habits.
2-8. Step upon before stepping over.
Where a log or rock blocks your way and you need to traverse it to get to where you're headed, always step onto the feature first, then look down. If a snake is resting below the feature, you can then see it and back off before treading down onto it. Wait for it to leave before moving on.
A log can be tapped with the walking stick to create vibrations to encourage the snake to move on.
2-9. Keep your hands to yourself.
When you are walking, marvel from afar. If holes, wood piles and hollow logs intrigue you, look from a good distance or better still, use your camera lens to zoom in. Do not put your hand or arms in there for further investigation because these are very likely holes for snakes to rest in. Left undisturbed, you'd normally pass by the snakes without either of you being bothered but if you stick your hand in there, the snake may bite.
Look before grabbing onto tree branches. It can be helpful sometimes to hold onto a tree when climbing or descending a path, or just to take a rest. However, snakes can climb and sometimes a branch can contain a snake. Before you grab that branch, be sure to check it's just a branch and not holding a snake as well.
Take care when using rock ledges and other natural features to help you to climb or rest on. Check for snake presence first. If you are doing a rocky trail walk in an area known for snakes, consider wearing thick gloves and long sleeves to protect your hands and arms while grabbing onto rocks.
Don't pick up sticks unless you're absolutely sure it's a stick. People have mistaken snakes for sticks and have been bitten as a result.
2-10. Sit with care.
It's natural to want to rest on a fallen log, a sturdy rock or other natural feature. Such items may also be a home or resting point for a snake. Check the area visually and make vibrations by stomping around before sitting down. If you're unsure, squat on the path or sit on your day-pack on the path; at least you know what is there.
Remember to step on the log or rock before checking the other side, in case the snake is resting on the side you cannot see.
2-11. Watch where you take a bathroom break.
If you need to urinate in the bush, be careful about where you do so. While it's natural to want to hide from your human companions, you don't want to do so at the expense of getting bitten. Look carefully as you go to a toilet spot, check around the spot and avoid anywhere near a rocky outcrop, long grass or logs. Of course, take the usual precautions for not fouling waterways either! Stay alert all the time and finish your business quickly.
If you are using the bush for urinating at night, always wear shoes and take light.
2-12. Be careful at night.
Snakes will naturally gravitate towards warm roads and pathways when these have residual heat as darkness falls because this helps them to keep warm. If using such areas at night, carry a light and use it to be totally aware of what is on the path ahead of you. Avoid night hiking in areas where you cannot see ahead or around you or where you would be forced to walk through heavily wooded or tall grassy areas.
3. Avoiding Snakes While Camping
3-1. Check your tent before leaving your house.
This is part of routine maintenance. A tent used in snake country must have no holes in it at all, otherwise it's not a serviceable tent and you'll may get water, bugs and other creatures, as well as snakes, coming in if it has holes. Check that the zippers work and that the tent is in good condition.
3-2. Choose a campsite which is away from bush and tall clumps of grass.
Choose a clearing where you can see the ground without any problems. Avoid rocky outcrops and low-hanging branches as campsites.
3-3. Keep your tent zippered closed at all times.
Instruct all users, no matter how young or old, to keep the tents fully zippered up. This is a golden rule of camping. A snake can slide in though the smallest of gaps, so instruct everyone to keep the zipper join(s) up towards the top, allowing you to be sure that the base area of the tent is fully closed.
3-4. Keep all sleeping bags rolled up.
Unfold at night just before you go to bed. This allows you to survey the tent as a whole before getting into it, and you can be sure there isn't a snake snuggled in the end of your sleeping bag before you put your toes in.
If you couldn't keep sleeping gear safely secured away or you're just unsure if it was kept safely enough, shake it out before using it. It is better to have a snake drop out and slither off than to put your bare feet into a bag with a snake inside.
3-5. Keep all footwear inside the tent or car at all times.
Snakes find boots and shoes enticing hiding holes; indeed, snakes up to a metre long can curl into a boot. If you cannot keep them inside the tent or car, pull your socks over the hole of each shoe or boot to prevent entry (or stuff the socks inside). This is a good practice when hiking and camping anyway, as not only snakes like crawling into boots.
Check boots before putting them on. Tip them upside down and give them a good shake. Do not put your hand inside; use a long stick if you need to prod inside the boot.
3-6. Practice good camp tidiness.
Do not leave anything about that could hide a snake seeking cover. This means keeping blankets, picnic rugs, towels, clothing, bags, etc., inside the closed car or tent. Do not leave such items on the ground when not in use and not attended. Keep all containers closed when not being used, from ice boxes to food bags. After all, you're out in nature to enjoy its natural state.
Do not leave rubbish or garbage around; it attracts mice and rats, which in turn attract snakes. Yet another great reason to keep your outdoors experience litter-free.
3-7. Use lighting whenever walking around the campsite.
Stumbling in the dark is its own hazard without adding treading on a snake as well, so it's essential to carry a light at all times when moving about. Do not pick up anything without first shining light onto it, to be sure that you are picking up something safe.
3-8. Keep car doors shut at all times.
No need to invite a snake into the hiding sanctuary it might view your car as.
Sometimes snakes like to go underneath cars to stay protected from the open air and still have contact with the warm asphalt. If you have parked somewhere that snakes are likely to be around, be aware of this possibility. Get into the car quickly and shut the door straight away; don't stand next to the car for too long or lean on or lean your legs out of the car in case there is a snake frightened out of its slumber by your presence.
4. Avoiding Water Snakes
4-1. Know where the water contains snakes.
Water snakes are usually deadly and it's unlikely you can get help quickly enough after being bitten, so avoiding them is your only line of safety. If you know water snakes are in a body of water, the safest thing is to stay out of the water. There are plenty of safe places to go swimming in the world, so choose those places for your next trip.
4-2. Avoid going into rivers or other water bodies after heavy rains.
Even if the water is usually safe, the heavy rains may have caused snakes that are usually land-lubbers to get caught up in the water and they'll be attempting to get back to safety.
5. Removing Yourself from a Snake Encounter Outdoors
5-1. Stay calm.
Panicking will cause you to think poorly. You might also move in the wrong direction or move too quickly and cause the snake to view you as a threat. By staying calm, you remain level-headed and can initiate your retreat with care and good sense.
Yelling at a snake makes no difference, it cannot hear what you are saying. However, calmly warning your walking companions to slowly back off is a sensible use of your voice.
5-2. Do not approach the snake.
Remembering that all a snake wants to do is get away from you, give it the space and opportunity to do so. Snakes need to be quite close to be able to bite you and the striking distance for most snakes is usually half the snake's body length. Thus, by not approaching any farther, you will usually have reduced the risk to negligible.The striking distance for some snakes is less because they are bigger or more agile, such as the Western Taipan. The more distance between you and the snake, clearly the safer.
5-3. Stay still and keep movements to a minimum.
While the snake isn't listening to your conversation, its excellent eyesight is watching you for sudden and scary movements. Snakes are easily startled by sudden movement, as this is its alert mechanism for a threat. Jumping up and down and flailing your arms around can easily be interpreted as hostile intent by a snake.
5-4. Wait, keeping still.
Provided you are at a safe distance from the snake, stop and let the snake move on. If the snake has realized you are there, it will often leave of its own accord while you aren't making any movement, to avoid you. However, if the snake proves stubborn in its wish to stay where it is, leave it alone and walk around it at a safe distance. If you cannot go around the snake due to the path being the only way forward, try stomping the ground on the spot, to produce more vibrations. However, only do this if you are a very safe (long) distance away from the snake, as stomping movement and vibrations can be perceived by the snake as a threat and it may strike instead of move.A snake has a short attention span, usually lasting less than a minute. Hence, once it has slithered away from you, it has forgotten about you and goes about its business elsewhere. It's not harbouring thoughts of coming back to chase you.
5-5. Do not harass the snake.
Do not throw anything at the snake, as this will only cause it to view you as a threat. Do not attempt to poke it or pick it up; both actions are likely to cause it to bite. Most snakebites occur as a result of a human interfering directly with the snake, such as poking it, picking it up, or trying to kill it. Leave the snake be, and most times it'll leave you be too.
5-6. Retreat if you have accidentally cornered a snake.
To do this, back away slowly and avoid sudden movement. Do not make any sudden movements, as that is what prey would do and some snakes wait for such movements to strike out (such as the death adder). Make as little vibration and movement as possible when slowly backing out, as this will avoid stoking the snake's innate compulsion to strike out at fast moving prey.
If the snake is within strike range, you may be better off remaining completely motionless and letting it pass by. If you are between the snake and where it wants to go, it may wish to come past you as part of its escape strategy. If this does happen, stay absolutely still and let the snake slide on by. If it slides over your boots, keep very still and let it pass on by. Stay motionless until the snake passes.
Never deliberately corner a snake. That's asking for being bitten and reflects poor decision-making.
5-7. Keep an eye on a snake that is retreating.
Make sure you leave in the opposite direction, to avoid disturbing it again. Do not follow the snake for any reason.
6. Avoiding Snakes Around and In the Home
6-1. Keep the doors to your house, sheds and pet housing closed if you live in an area where snakes like to crawl in.
They won't hesitate to come through a door if the entrance is easy for them and they perceive nice hiding holes, water and even food opportunities inside. If snakes are known to be in your garden or yard, assume they can come inside any structure too.
If there is enough space under the door for a snake to slide through, cover it with a strong rubber seal or weather stripping. This will also keep out mice, rats, dirt and dust, and the like.
6-2. Avoid making enticing homes for rats and mice and for snakes.
This includes keeping the yard tidy and not building wood piles or other messy piles in the yard. The snakes will be attracted by rat and mouse homes, and might also decide it's cozy enough to move in for good.Wood stored for fires in winter should be kept well away from the house. It is best kept inside a secure shed that has no opening to outside; use a concrete floor as the base.
6-3. Keep the grass short.
There is a fine balance between short enough to see snakes and high enough to save water but as long as its even and you can see across and through it with ease, then you will be able to spot any snakes passing through. When gardening, wear thick leather gloves, to protect your hands when touching plants and working around soil and compost.
6-4. Prevent other sources of possible entrance to your house.
Seal any holes, gaps and cracks around your house that may allow for snakes or other nasty critters to crawl in. Do an underfloor, wall and roof inspection for possible entrance ways.
6-5. Remove food sources for snakes.
Attracting wildlife to your garden through feeding it can also attract the snakes that eat the wildlife. Bird feeders, bread pieces or even cat and dog food, can attract the snakes to your backyard, in search of the prey eating the food you've left out. If you want to feed birds, clean up the mess left behind daily, to avoid birds settling on the ground frequently.Snakes need water too. If you leave water out for animals, keep it well away from the house. If you have a pond, pool or other water feature, keep the grass low around it, to help you to see if a snake has come for a drink.
6-6. Check your compost bin's accessibility.
Any compost bin that becomes a rat and mouse haven also becomes a snake's feasting point. Ensure that no small beasts are residing in your compost by checking it and turning it frequently. Do not add eggshells to the compost, as rodents enjoy eating these.
Do not compost food scraps in open heaps. This makes it easy for rats and mice to feed off and they'll gather around.
Use sticks to poke compost before picking it up with your hands. This applies to all garden piles, such as mulch and leaf heaps.
7. Removing Yourself from a Snake Encounter Indoors
7-1. Determine that there is a snake in the house.
Usually this will be by site but sometimes you might be aware due to someone else notifying you, hearing snake rustling (if you're familiar with the sound). Stay calm and move slowly; upsetting the snake can cause it to hide somewhere else, which may make it even harder to find and remove. Leave the snake well alone; do not try to capture, kill or remove it.
7-2. Remove everyone from the room where the snake has been discovered.
Have children leave quietly and quickly. This includes all pets, even fish if possible. Lock pets away somewhere safe.Only remove pets and fish tanks if this does not endanger you.
7-3. Shut the door to the room where you have discovered the snake.
If the base of the door would allow a snake to crawl under, block it with newspaper, rolled-up towels or a draft (draught) stopper. Inform all family members that the room is out of bounds. Lock it if possible. Alternatively, shut (and block) all internal doors except for the room the snake is in and leave external doors open, to encourage the snake to leave.
If you know there is a snake in the house but you don't know where, vacate the whole house; remember to lock your doors if leaving the property, to avoid being burgled while seeking help or sitting it out at the neighbour's. If it's possible, put signs on the doors explaining that there is a snake inside, especially if family members cannot be reached but might return home before you get back.
7-4. Call for help.
Call a professional snake handler. If you cannot find one, call your local municipality or the local police for assistance and they will be able to direct you to the appropriate help.
7-5. Wait for help.
Unless you're a professional snake handler, this is your best option. Do not attempt to handle the snake or shoo it away. If you take photos of it, do so through a window. Instagram or Facebook are not worth being bitten by a startled snake. If it is safe to do so, keep an eye on the snake as this increases the chances that the snake handler will catch it and not have to spend a lot of time locating it.
Tips
Learn snake first aid. Part of fear alleviation is the knowledge you can do your best to deal with a bad situation, should it arise.[19]
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Research source
Dogs, inside and out, are a good way to protect yourself because they usually will bark. Just be sure that you get the dog away from the snake as soon as you see one, because the dog can be bitten.
When walking in the tall grass, be sure to pick your feet up after each step, if you don't, you might accidentally drag a snake with your feet while running and it may get hooked onto your shoe.
Warnings
Certain species of snake may be more aggressive then others. Treat all snakes as venomous and dangerous.
If you are bitten by a snake, stay calm and seek help immediately.
Snakes are protected by law in many countries. In such places, it is illegal to harm the snake.
Snake venom may act differently depending on where you are in the world, so know what snake first aid applies wherever you are.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:49:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Understanding Snakes\\n1-1. Realize that the majority of snakes do not seek an encounter with humans.\\nThey would much prefer to avoid a human and, if given the chance, will escape rather than attack you. The problems humans face with snakes usually arise due to accidental encounters or human actions towards the snake––both of these problems can be managed from the human side, as this article will explain.\\n1-2. Know where snakes hang out.\\nSnakes like to be hidden most of the time but warmer weather or surfaces can entice them out to sun themselves too. For the most part, snakes like such places as under rocks, on ledges, in trees, inside hollow logs, under wood piles and in shrubbery. They can also be found in water––both land and water-based snakes can swim. Things to note include:\\nSnakes are masters of camouflage. They can easily be overlooked for leaf litter, sticks and plant materials. This is why you are at greater risk of encountering a snake when going off-path and into thick vegetation. The human defensive skill when walking amid potentially dangerous wildlife is vision and whenever human sight is reduced, the risk increases.\\n1-3. Be aware that snakes hear differently from humans, as they lack external ears.\\nHowever, they can hear through their inner ear via their jawbone, and what they hear are vibrations. Thus, having a heavy footfall as you walk will help to alert a snake you're coming, allowing it to slither off in the opposite direction.\\nThis inability to hear in the same way that we do can be used to your advantage, as you can alert your fellow humans that you have come across a snake without any concern that your talking will aggravate it.\\n1-4. Understand what causes a snake to attack a human.\\nAs already explained, snakes don't want to attack humans but there is one guaranteed reason a snake will seek to bite a human and that is when the snake feels threatened. A snakebite is a defensive reaction, not a deliberate attack. After all, it wants to live as much as you do. A snake will most likely feel threatened when:\\nYou tread on it. While this may seem unfair, it's a case of the snake not knowing what has suddenly landed on it and you being surprised at its presence. Surprise is something you can control and prevent.\\nThe snake is cornered. A snake, like any animal, will react unkindly to feeling it has no escape from a potential predator (yes, you look like a predator to a snake, as you're much larger and you're moving). Some snakes are more fiercely defensive than others, so always presume a snake will fight its utmost to stay alive.\\nYou hassle the snake in any way, such as chasing it, throwing rocks at it, trying to pick it up, or worse still, trying to kill it.\\n1-5. Know what to be wary of in the snake's body language.\\nKnowing when a snake is turning defensive can help you to take fast evasive action. Things to watch for include:\\nThe snake curls itself up; in some snake species, this can be a sign it is getting ready to strike.\\nThe snake raises its head. When done in reaction to an encounter, it is a fairly good indicator that the snake is getting ready to strike.\\nStriking distance of a snake is generally about half the snake's body length but you should give the snake at least double that length of space between you and it. Moreover, this is dependent on the snake type, hence the need for learning more about the snakes in your walking area, before you go walking.\\n1-6. Assume nothing about a snake's willingness or otherwise to attack.\\nA lazy-looking snake is as capable of attacking as an active one. A snake is able to attack from any position, so assume that any snake needs to be avoided. Baby snakes are harder to see and likely to be more easily frightened than an adult snake and are just as dangerous if threatened. Dead snakes can still bite, due to biting reflexes and venom lasts a long time post death. Hence, obey the best rule of all in relation to snakes––don't touch.\\n1-7. Learn more about snakes.\\nWhile we may (or may not) have the same fear reactions to snakes as other primates, we have the advantage of learning to help us to manage such fear. We have many things to fear in our daily lives, but we manage these things through learning and better understanding. For example, we know not to step out in front of a moving car because we have learned what the outcome will be if we do. Snakes are no different––the more we learn and adjust our behaviour accordingly, the better we can stay safe and avoid snakes. Moreover, if we cannot avoid a snake encounter, we can at least know how to react to increase the chances that both human and snake depart each other's company unscathed. The remaining steps will help you to better understand how to avoid snakes and how to cope should you come across one.\\n2. Avoiding Snakes when Walking in the Great Outdoors\\n2-1. Know when you're heading into snake territory.\\nSome parts of the world, some parts of your own region, are more likely to contain snakes than other places. Find out in advance where snakes live in your neck of the woods or where you're traveling to, before you venture out on a walk. Ask locals, park rangers or the local government authority for advice. In many places, you may be able to check online for snake information. Guidebooks on hiking will likely provide such information and many trail-head map boards will alert you to the presence of snakes. Do not go forth unawares!\\nWhat snakes are in your area? Are they venomous or non-venomous, or a mix of the two? Have you spent some time looking at images of the snakes in your area to enable you know the type of snake should you encounter one? What are the specific habits of the snakes in your local area? All this knowledge can help you to avoid them or keep safe should you encounter one.\\nThe risk of snake bite varies depending on where you are but, on the whole, it is statistically low. While the statistical likelihood doesn't reduce the need for vigilance, it can help to put things in perspective.\\n2-2. Walk with someone.\\nIt is not advisable to walk alone when there is a risk of snakebite or any other harm in the bush or back country. If you are bitten while walking alone, there is less chance of getting help fast enough to give you first aid. If you do walk alone, carry a snake first aid kit suited to the snakes in your area (this will contain a compression bandage or other appropriate needs) and know how to use the pressure immobilization technique on yourself.\\nIf you cannot walk with others, always have a means for contacting people if an emergency happens. If there is no mobile reception, take a form of communication that will work. At the very least, let a park ranger or other suitable person know your movements and expected return time.\\n2-3. Dress appropriately.\\nFor walks where snakes are likely to be, always wear the appropriate clothing, especially for your feet and legs. Ninety percent of snake bites are focused on the ankle area, so it makes sense to cover up these parts of your body well. This means wearing long pants (no exposed legs) and good quality, sturdy, fully covering hiking boots (no open toes).That means leaving shorts, skorts and skirts at home. In addition, wear gaiters; choose gaiters that are marked snake-resistant. The additional fabric over your long pants and boots will help to prevent the snake's fangs from piercing through to your skin, or at the very least, may reduce the amount of venom injected.\\nBoots that cover the ankles are a very good choice. Avoid any shoes with open toes; sandals and flip flops (jandals/thongs) offer no protection and do not make adequate vibrations when walking.\\nLooser pants (trousers) are better than close-fitting ones. Since a snake's bite instinctively clamps on, if it gets nothing more than pants, you may avoid a bite on your skin. Looser pants also allow for better airflow that cools you in warmer weather (the weather you're more likely to encounter snakes in). The fabric is best when close-knit and strong.\\nThick socks are an extra layer of protection, provided you can stand them if it's hot. Gaiters may be preferable if it's too hot or your feet are too sweaty, although combining both gives added protection.\\nIf the snakes are known to strike higher, knee-high gaiters may be your best choice.\\nNote! Do not rely on clothing alone, as it is just one part of your whole line of defensive actions. There is no guarantee a snake won't bite through clothing, the clothing suggestions here are just a sensible precaution as part of the whole.\\n2-4. Stay alert when walking and watch where you're going.\\nThis cannot be over-stressed; you have a duty to yourself and your bush-walking party to stay alert at all times. This means looking ahead to where you're going at all times. Always look around and be aware of your surroundings. Look down where you are walking so that you don't accidentally step on a snake.\\nIf you need to do anything that causes you to take your eyes off the path ahead, stop first, then do it. If you walk while trying to read a map, take photos, admire the scenery, fish out some snacks from your pack or drink water and you can't keep looking at the path ahead, there is a risk of walking into a snake.\\nDo not rely on the person in front to clear the path ahead. A snake can slither across the path after the person ahead has passed on by. Every walker needs to be vigilant.\\nIf you are walking with persons who cannot see or who cannot stay alert (children, visually impaired persons, etc.), then you are wholly responsible for their safety too. By all means enable them to stay safe by talking to them about what to be concerned about and how to act with care but remain wholly responsible for looking out for their safety in the knowledge that they have limitations.\\n2-5. Stick to walking paths as much as possible.\\nWhile snakes will use paths to cross from one part of the bush to another, and sometimes to sun themselves, the path is open, and you will see any snakes doing such things well before you come across them. This allows you the opportunity to turn back or wait until the snake has moved on should you encounter one (see below if you do meet a snake). Stay on open, clear and marked trails, to make it easier to see where you're going.\\n2-6. Watch where you tread.\\nThis is a vital part of staying alert; always be looking ahead for the possibility of a snake on the path before and alongside of you. If you move off the path, check where every footfall will land before making it. The ideal approach is to be checking several steps ahead of you as you walk.\\nIt can be helpful to have a walking stick or pole. These aren't just a walking aid but can also be used to part grass or other vegetation if you need to walk through it, especially if it's obscuring your pathway. Better that a snake bites the stick than you. Use it gently, as the best outcome is that no living being gets hurt.\\nIf climbing over a log or rock, stand on it first. Then look down on the other side where you weren't able to see before ascending. If there is a snake resting there, you still have time to back down on the original side and walk a different way.\\n2-7. Walk firmly, with sure steps.\\nThis means making it clear that you're coming through your heavy tread, to cause vibrations ahead. This in itself will often be enough to cause many a snake to scatter and hide before you even reach where it was. Use a walking stick to thud on the path as well, for added vibration. Most snakes won't stick around when they're alert to an unknown thudding beast coming their way. However, there are exceptions, such as snakes enjoying the sunshine too much to move and snakes that have barely warmed up and cannot react quickly enough––for such snakes, striking first can be their only defensive reaction. Also, there are snake species that don't move for whatever reason. Some snakes stay absolutely still in the hope their camouflage will deter predators. The trouble with such behavior is that you can easily tread on such a snake, so stay alert.\\nOne example of a snake that relies on its camouflage over moving out of the way is the Australian death adder. It will often remain coiled up, relying on the leaf litter as camouflage. This is why you must not rely on vibration alone, but also use sight (look for coiled, round shapes in this instance), while also gently prodding through vegetation with the walking stick before heading across it. This is yet another reason why you need to be aware of what type of snakes are in the area and their typical habits.\\n2-8. Step upon before stepping over.\\nWhere a log or rock blocks your way and you need to traverse it to get to where you're headed, always step onto the feature first, then look down. If a snake is resting below the feature, you can then see it and back off before treading down onto it. Wait for it to leave before moving on.\\nA log can be tapped with the walking stick to create vibrations to encourage the snake to move on.\\n2-9. Keep your hands to yourself.\\nWhen you are walking, marvel from afar. If holes, wood piles and hollow logs intrigue you, look from a good distance or better still, use your camera lens to zoom in. Do not put your hand or arms in there for further investigation because these are very likely holes for snakes to rest in. Left undisturbed, you'd normally pass by the snakes without either of you being bothered but if you stick your hand in there, the snake may bite.\\nLook before grabbing onto tree branches. It can be helpful sometimes to hold onto a tree when climbing or descending a path, or just to take a rest. However, snakes can climb and sometimes a branch can contain a snake. Before you grab that branch, be sure to check it's just a branch and not holding a snake as well.\\nTake care when using rock ledges and other natural features to help you to climb or rest on. Check for snake presence first. If you are doing a rocky trail walk in an area known for snakes, consider wearing thick gloves and long sleeves to protect your hands and arms while grabbing onto rocks.\\nDon't pick up sticks unless you're absolutely sure it's a stick. People have mistaken snakes for sticks and have been bitten as a result.\\n2-10. Sit with care.\\nIt's natural to want to rest on a fallen log, a sturdy rock or other natural feature. Such items may also be a home or resting point for a snake. Check the area visually and make vibrations by stomping around before sitting down. If you're unsure, squat on the path or sit on your day-pack on the path; at least you know what is there.\\nRemember to step on the log or rock before checking the other side, in case the snake is resting on the side you cannot see.\\n2-11. Watch where you take a bathroom break.\\nIf you need to urinate in the bush, be careful about where you do so. While it's natural to want to hide from your human companions, you don't want to do so at the expense of getting bitten. Look carefully as you go to a toilet spot, check around the spot and avoid anywhere near a rocky outcrop, long grass or logs. Of course, take the usual precautions for not fouling waterways either! Stay alert all the time and finish your business quickly.\\nIf you are using the bush for urinating at night, always wear shoes and take light.\\n2-12. Be careful at night.\\nSnakes will naturally gravitate towards warm roads and pathways when these have residual heat as darkness falls because this helps them to keep warm. If using such areas at night, carry a light and use it to be totally aware of what is on the path ahead of you. Avoid night hiking in areas where you cannot see ahead or around you or where you would be forced to walk through heavily wooded or tall grassy areas.\\n3. Avoiding Snakes While Camping\\n3-1. Check your tent before leaving your house.\\nThis is part of routine maintenance. A tent used in snake country must have no holes in it at all, otherwise it's not a serviceable tent and you'll may get water, bugs and other creatures, as well as snakes, coming in if it has holes. Check that the zippers work and that the tent is in good condition.\\n3-2. Choose a campsite which is away from bush and tall clumps of grass.\\nChoose a clearing where you can see the ground without any problems. Avoid rocky outcrops and low-hanging branches as campsites.\\n3-3. Keep your tent zippered closed at all times.\\nInstruct all users, no matter how young or old, to keep the tents fully zippered up. This is a golden rule of camping. A snake can slide in though the smallest of gaps, so instruct everyone to keep the zipper join(s) up towards the top, allowing you to be sure that the base area of the tent is fully closed.\\n3-4. Keep all sleeping bags rolled up.\\nUnfold at night just before you go to bed. This allows you to survey the tent as a whole before getting into it, and you can be sure there isn't a snake snuggled in the end of your sleeping bag before you put your toes in.\\nIf you couldn't keep sleeping gear safely secured away or you're just unsure if it was kept safely enough, shake it out before using it. It is better to have a snake drop out and slither off than to put your bare feet into a bag with a snake inside.\\n3-5. Keep all footwear inside the tent or car at all times.\\nSnakes find boots and shoes enticing hiding holes; indeed, snakes up to a metre long can curl into a boot. If you cannot keep them inside the tent or car, pull your socks over the hole of each shoe or boot to prevent entry (or stuff the socks inside). This is a good practice when hiking and camping anyway, as not only snakes like crawling into boots.\\nCheck boots before putting them on. Tip them upside down and give them a good shake. Do not put your hand inside; use a long stick if you need to prod inside the boot.\\n3-6. Practice good camp tidiness.\\nDo not leave anything about that could hide a snake seeking cover. This means keeping blankets, picnic rugs, towels, clothing, bags, etc., inside the closed car or tent. Do not leave such items on the ground when not in use and not attended. Keep all containers closed when not being used, from ice boxes to food bags. After all, you're out in nature to enjoy its natural state.\\nDo not leave rubbish or garbage around; it attracts mice and rats, which in turn attract snakes. Yet another great reason to keep your outdoors experience litter-free.\\n3-7. Use lighting whenever walking around the campsite.\\nStumbling in the dark is its own hazard without adding treading on a snake as well, so it's essential to carry a light at all times when moving about. Do not pick up anything without first shining light onto it, to be sure that you are picking up something safe.\\n3-8. Keep car doors shut at all times.\\nNo need to invite a snake into the hiding sanctuary it might view your car as.\\nSometimes snakes like to go underneath cars to stay protected from the open air and still have contact with the warm asphalt. If you have parked somewhere that snakes are likely to be around, be aware of this possibility. Get into the car quickly and shut the door straight away; don't stand next to the car for too long or lean on or lean your legs out of the car in case there is a snake frightened out of its slumber by your presence.\\n4. Avoiding Water Snakes\\n4-1. Know where the water contains snakes.\\nWater snakes are usually deadly and it's unlikely you can get help quickly enough after being bitten, so avoiding them is your only line of safety. If you know water snakes are in a body of water, the safest thing is to stay out of the water. There are plenty of safe places to go swimming in the world, so choose those places for your next trip.\\n4-2. Avoid going into rivers or other water bodies after heavy rains.\\nEven if the water is usually safe, the heavy rains may have caused snakes that are usually land-lubbers to get caught up in the water and they'll be attempting to get back to safety.\\n5. Removing Yourself from a Snake Encounter Outdoors\\n5-1. Stay calm.\\nPanicking will cause you to think poorly. You might also move in the wrong direction or move too quickly and cause the snake to view you as a threat. By staying calm, you remain level-headed and can initiate your retreat with care and good sense.\\nYelling at a snake makes no difference, it cannot hear what you are saying. However, calmly warning your walking companions to slowly back off is a sensible use of your voice.\\n5-2. Do not approach the snake.\\nRemembering that all a snake wants to do is get away from you, give it the space and opportunity to do so. Snakes need to be quite close to be able to bite you and the striking distance for most snakes is usually half the snake's body length. Thus, by not approaching any farther, you will usually have reduced the risk to negligible.The striking distance for some snakes is less because they are bigger or more agile, such as the Western Taipan. The more distance between you and the snake, clearly the safer.\\n5-3. Stay still and keep movements to a minimum.\\nWhile the snake isn't listening to your conversation, its excellent eyesight is watching you for sudden and scary movements. Snakes are easily startled by sudden movement, as this is its alert mechanism for a threat. Jumping up and down and flailing your arms around can easily be interpreted as hostile intent by a snake.\\n5-4. Wait, keeping still.\\nProvided you are at a safe distance from the snake, stop and let the snake move on. If the snake has realized you are there, it will often leave of its own accord while you aren't making any movement, to avoid you. However, if the snake proves stubborn in its wish to stay where it is, leave it alone and walk around it at a safe distance. If you cannot go around the snake due to the path being the only way forward, try stomping the ground on the spot, to produce more vibrations. However, only do this if you are a very safe (long) distance away from the snake, as stomping movement and vibrations can be perceived by the snake as a threat and it may strike instead of move.A snake has a short attention span, usually lasting less than a minute. Hence, once it has slithered away from you, it has forgotten about you and goes about its business elsewhere. It's not harbouring thoughts of coming back to chase you.\\n5-5. Do not harass the snake.\\nDo not throw anything at the snake, as this will only cause it to view you as a threat. Do not attempt to poke it or pick it up; both actions are likely to cause it to bite. Most snakebites occur as a result of a human interfering directly with the snake, such as poking it, picking it up, or trying to kill it. Leave the snake be, and most times it'll leave you be too.\\n5-6. Retreat if you have accidentally cornered a snake.\\nTo do this, back away slowly and avoid sudden movement. Do not make any sudden movements, as that is what prey would do and some snakes wait for such movements to strike out (such as the death adder). Make as little vibration and movement as possible when slowly backing out, as this will avoid stoking the snake's innate compulsion to strike out at fast moving prey.\\nIf the snake is within strike range, you may be better off remaining completely motionless and letting it pass by. If you are between the snake and where it wants to go, it may wish to come past you as part of its escape strategy. If this does happen, stay absolutely still and let the snake slide on by. If it slides over your boots, keep very still and let it pass on by. Stay motionless until the snake passes.\\nNever deliberately corner a snake. That's asking for being bitten and reflects poor decision-making.\\n5-7. Keep an eye on a snake that is retreating.\\nMake sure you leave in the opposite direction, to avoid disturbing it again. Do not follow the snake for any reason.\\n6. Avoiding Snakes Around and In the Home\\n6-1. Keep the doors to your house, sheds and pet housing closed if you live in an area where snakes like to crawl in.\\nThey won't hesitate to come through a door if the entrance is easy for them and they perceive nice hiding holes, water and even food opportunities inside. If snakes are known to be in your garden or yard, assume they can come inside any structure too.\\nIf there is enough space under the door for a snake to slide through, cover it with a strong rubber seal or weather stripping. This will also keep out mice, rats, dirt and dust, and the like.\\n6-2. Avoid making enticing homes for rats and mice and for snakes.\\nThis includes keeping the yard tidy and not building wood piles or other messy piles in the yard. The snakes will be attracted by rat and mouse homes, and might also decide it's cozy enough to move in for good.Wood stored for fires in winter should be kept well away from the house. It is best kept inside a secure shed that has no opening to outside; use a concrete floor as the base.\\n6-3. Keep the grass short.\\nThere is a fine balance between short enough to see snakes and high enough to save water but as long as its even and you can see across and through it with ease, then you will be able to spot any snakes passing through. When gardening, wear thick leather gloves, to protect your hands when touching plants and working around soil and compost.\\n6-4. Prevent other sources of possible entrance to your house.\\nSeal any holes, gaps and cracks around your house that may allow for snakes or other nasty critters to crawl in. Do an underfloor, wall and roof inspection for possible entrance ways.\\n6-5. Remove food sources for snakes.\\nAttracting wildlife to your garden through feeding it can also attract the snakes that eat the wildlife. Bird feeders, bread pieces or even cat and dog food, can attract the snakes to your backyard, in search of the prey eating the food you've left out. If you want to feed birds, clean up the mess left behind daily, to avoid birds settling on the ground frequently.Snakes need water too. If you leave water out for animals, keep it well away from the house. If you have a pond, pool or other water feature, keep the grass low around it, to help you to see if a snake has come for a drink.\\n6-6. Check your compost bin's accessibility.\\nAny compost bin that becomes a rat and mouse haven also becomes a snake's feasting point. Ensure that no small beasts are residing in your compost by checking it and turning it frequently. Do not add eggshells to the compost, as rodents enjoy eating these.\\nDo not compost food scraps in open heaps. This makes it easy for rats and mice to feed off and they'll gather around.\\nUse sticks to poke compost before picking it up with your hands. This applies to all garden piles, such as mulch and leaf heaps.\\n7. Removing Yourself from a Snake Encounter Indoors\\n7-1. Determine that there is a snake in the house.\\nUsually this will be by site but sometimes you might be aware due to someone else notifying you, hearing snake rustling (if you're familiar with the sound). Stay calm and move slowly; upsetting the snake can cause it to hide somewhere else, which may make it even harder to find and remove. Leave the snake well alone; do not try to capture, kill or remove it.\\n7-2. Remove everyone from the room where the snake has been discovered.\\nHave children leave quietly and quickly. This includes all pets, even fish if possible. Lock pets away somewhere safe.Only remove pets and fish tanks if this does not endanger you.\\n7-3. Shut the door to the room where you have discovered the snake.\\nIf the base of the door would allow a snake to crawl under, block it with newspaper, rolled-up towels or a draft (draught) stopper. Inform all family members that the room is out of bounds. Lock it if possible. Alternatively, shut (and block) all internal doors except for the room the snake is in and leave external doors open, to encourage the snake to leave.\\nIf you know there is a snake in the house but you don't know where, vacate the whole house; remember to lock your doors if leaving the property, to avoid being burgled while seeking help or sitting it out at the neighbour's. If it's possible, put signs on the doors explaining that there is a snake inside, especially if family members cannot be reached but might return home before you get back.\\n7-4. Call for help.\\nCall a professional snake handler. If you cannot find one, call your local municipality or the local police for assistance and they will be able to direct you to the appropriate help.\\n7-5. Wait for help.\\nUnless you're a professional snake handler, this is your best option. Do not attempt to handle the snake or shoo it away. If you take photos of it, do so through a window. Instagram or Facebook are not worth being bitten by a startled snake. If it is safe to do so, keep an eye on the snake as this increases the chances that the snake handler will catch it and not have to spend a lot of time locating it.\\nTips\\nLearn snake first aid. Part of fear alleviation is the knowledge you can do your best to deal with a bad situation, should it arise.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDogs, inside and out, are a good way to protect yourself because they usually will bark. Just be sure that you get the dog away from the snake as soon as you see one, because the dog can be bitten.\\nWhen walking in the tall grass, be sure to pick your feet up after each step, if you don't, you might accidentally drag a snake with your feet while running and it may get hooked onto your shoe.\\nWarnings\\nCertain species of snake may be more aggressive then others. Treat all snakes as venomous and dangerous.\\nIf you are bitten by a snake, stay calm and seek help immediately.\\nSnakes are protected by law in many countries. In such places, it is illegal to harm the snake.\\nSnake venom may act differently depending on where you are in the world, so know what snake first aid applies wherever you are.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Knowing how to avoid snakes when you're performing activities that might bring you into contact with them is a major part of managing your safety and fear. People tend to be afraid of snakes for various reasons but a key one is failure to learn how to live safely in environments that contain snakes. A failure to learn how to manage the situation can curtail your enjoyment of the great outdoors or it can just leave you feeling unnecessarily afraid. It is important to realize that you have the ability to stay safe through better understanding, paying attention to your surroundings and taking appropriate actions to avoid snakes by knowing how snakes behave and adjusting your behavior accordingly.\\n\\nNote: This article provides general information. Snake behaviours and reactions vary depending on where you live or travel in the world; it is your responsibility to find out the habits of local snakes.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understanding Snakes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Realize that the majority of snakes do not seek an encounter with humans.\", \"描述\": \"They would much prefer to avoid a human and, if given the chance, will escape rather than attack you. The problems humans face with snakes usually arise due to accidental encounters or human actions towards the snake––both of these problems can be managed from the human side, as this article will explain.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know where snakes hang out.\", \"描述\": \"Snakes like to be hidden most of the time but warmer weather or surfaces can entice them out to sun themselves too. For the most part, snakes like such places as under rocks, on ledges, in trees, inside hollow logs, under wood piles and in shrubbery. They can also be found in water––both land and water-based snakes can swim. Things to note include:\\nSnakes are masters of camouflage. They can easily be overlooked for leaf litter, sticks and plant materials. This is why you are at greater risk of encountering a snake when going off-path and into thick vegetation. The human defensive skill when walking amid potentially dangerous wildlife is vision and whenever human sight is reduced, the risk increases.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be aware that snakes hear differently from humans, as they lack external ears.\", \"描述\": \"However, they can hear through their inner ear via their jawbone, and what they hear are vibrations. Thus, having a heavy footfall as you walk will help to alert a snake you're coming, allowing it to slither off in the opposite direction.\\nThis inability to hear in the same way that we do can be used to your advantage, as you can alert your fellow humans that you have come across a snake without any concern that your talking will aggravate it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Understand what causes a snake to attack a human.\", \"描述\": \"As already explained, snakes don't want to attack humans but there is one guaranteed reason a snake will seek to bite a human and that is when the snake feels threatened. A snakebite is a defensive reaction, not a deliberate attack. After all, it wants to live as much as you do. A snake will most likely feel threatened when:\\nYou tread on it. While this may seem unfair, it's a case of the snake not knowing what has suddenly landed on it and you being surprised at its presence. Surprise is something you can control and prevent.\\nThe snake is cornered. A snake, like any animal, will react unkindly to feeling it has no escape from a potential predator (yes, you look like a predator to a snake, as you're much larger and you're moving). Some snakes are more fiercely defensive than others, so always presume a snake will fight its utmost to stay alive.\\nYou hassle the snake in any way, such as chasing it, throwing rocks at it, trying to pick it up, or worse still, trying to kill it.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Know what to be wary of in the snake's body language.\", \"描述\": \"Knowing when a snake is turning defensive can help you to take fast evasive action. Things to watch for include:\\nThe snake curls itself up; in some snake species, this can be a sign it is getting ready to strike.\\nThe snake raises its head. When done in reaction to an encounter, it is a fairly good indicator that the snake is getting ready to strike.\\nStriking distance of a snake is generally about half the snake's body length but you should give the snake at least double that length of space between you and it. Moreover, this is dependent on the snake type, hence the need for learning more about the snakes in your walking area, before you go walking.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Assume nothing about a snake's willingness or otherwise to attack.\", \"描述\": \"A lazy-looking snake is as capable of attacking as an active one. A snake is able to attack from any position, so assume that any snake needs to be avoided. Baby snakes are harder to see and likely to be more easily frightened than an adult snake and are just as dangerous if threatened. Dead snakes can still bite, due to biting reflexes and venom lasts a long time post death. Hence, obey the best rule of all in relation to snakes––don't touch.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Learn more about snakes.\", \"描述\": \"While we may (or may not) have the same fear reactions to snakes as other primates, we have the advantage of learning to help us to manage such fear. We have many things to fear in our daily lives, but we manage these things through learning and better understanding. For example, we know not to step out in front of a moving car because we have learned what the outcome will be if we do. Snakes are no different––the more we learn and adjust our behaviour accordingly, the better we can stay safe and avoid snakes. Moreover, if we cannot avoid a snake encounter, we can at least know how to react to increase the chances that both human and snake depart each other's company unscathed. The remaining steps will help you to better understand how to avoid snakes and how to cope should you come across one.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Snakes when Walking in the Great Outdoors\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know when you're heading into snake territory.\", \"描述\": \"Some parts of the world, some parts of your own region, are more likely to contain snakes than other places. Find out in advance where snakes live in your neck of the woods or where you're traveling to, before you venture out on a walk. Ask locals, park rangers or the local government authority for advice. In many places, you may be able to check online for snake information. Guidebooks on hiking will likely provide such information and many trail-head map boards will alert you to the presence of snakes. Do not go forth unawares!\\nWhat snakes are in your area? Are they venomous or non-venomous, or a mix of the two? Have you spent some time looking at images of the snakes in your area to enable you know the type of snake should you encounter one? What are the specific habits of the snakes in your local area? All this knowledge can help you to avoid them or keep safe should you encounter one.\\nThe risk of snake bite varies depending on where you are but, on the whole, it is statistically low. While the statistical likelihood doesn't reduce the need for vigilance, it can help to put things in perspective.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Walk with someone.\", \"描述\": \"It is not advisable to walk alone when there is a risk of snakebite or any other harm in the bush or back country. If you are bitten while walking alone, there is less chance of getting help fast enough to give you first aid. If you do walk alone, carry a snake first aid kit suited to the snakes in your area (this will contain a compression bandage or other appropriate needs) and know how to use the pressure immobilization technique on yourself.\\nIf you cannot walk with others, always have a means for contacting people if an emergency happens. If there is no mobile reception, take a form of communication that will work. At the very least, let a park ranger or other suitable person know your movements and expected return time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Dress appropriately.\", \"描述\": \"For walks where snakes are likely to be, always wear the appropriate clothing, especially for your feet and legs. Ninety percent of snake bites are focused on the ankle area, so it makes sense to cover up these parts of your body well. This means wearing long pants (no exposed legs) and good quality, sturdy, fully covering hiking boots (no open toes).That means leaving shorts, skorts and skirts at home. In addition, wear gaiters; choose gaiters that are marked snake-resistant. The additional fabric over your long pants and boots will help to prevent the snake's fangs from piercing through to your skin, or at the very least, may reduce the amount of venom injected.\\nBoots that cover the ankles are a very good choice. Avoid any shoes with open toes; sandals and flip flops (jandals/thongs) offer no protection and do not make adequate vibrations when walking.\\nLooser pants (trousers) are better than close-fitting ones. Since a snake's bite instinctively clamps on, if it gets nothing more than pants, you may avoid a bite on your skin. Looser pants also allow for better airflow that cools you in warmer weather (the weather you're more likely to encounter snakes in). The fabric is best when close-knit and strong.\\nThick socks are an extra layer of protection, provided you can stand them if it's hot. Gaiters may be preferable if it's too hot or your feet are too sweaty, although combining both gives added protection.\\nIf the snakes are known to strike higher, knee-high gaiters may be your best choice.\\nNote! Do not rely on clothing alone, as it is just one part of your whole line of defensive actions. There is no guarantee a snake won't bite through clothing, the clothing suggestions here are just a sensible precaution as part of the whole.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay alert when walking and watch where you're going.\", \"描述\": \"This cannot be over-stressed; you have a duty to yourself and your bush-walking party to stay alert at all times. This means looking ahead to where you're going at all times. Always look around and be aware of your surroundings. Look down where you are walking so that you don't accidentally step on a snake.\\nIf you need to do anything that causes you to take your eyes off the path ahead, stop first, then do it. If you walk while trying to read a map, take photos, admire the scenery, fish out some snacks from your pack or drink water and you can't keep looking at the path ahead, there is a risk of walking into a snake.\\nDo not rely on the person in front to clear the path ahead. A snake can slither across the path after the person ahead has passed on by. Every walker needs to be vigilant.\\nIf you are walking with persons who cannot see or who cannot stay alert (children, visually impaired persons, etc.), then you are wholly responsible for their safety too. By all means enable them to stay safe by talking to them about what to be concerned about and how to act with care but remain wholly responsible for looking out for their safety in the knowledge that they have limitations.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stick to walking paths as much as possible.\", \"描述\": \"While snakes will use paths to cross from one part of the bush to another, and sometimes to sun themselves, the path is open, and you will see any snakes doing such things well before you come across them. This allows you the opportunity to turn back or wait until the snake has moved on should you encounter one (see below if you do meet a snake). Stay on open, clear and marked trails, to make it easier to see where you're going.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Watch where you tread.\", \"描述\": \"This is a vital part of staying alert; always be looking ahead for the possibility of a snake on the path before and alongside of you. If you move off the path, check where every footfall will land before making it. The ideal approach is to be checking several steps ahead of you as you walk.\\nIt can be helpful to have a walking stick or pole. These aren't just a walking aid but can also be used to part grass or other vegetation if you need to walk through it, especially if it's obscuring your pathway. Better that a snake bites the stick than you. Use it gently, as the best outcome is that no living being gets hurt.\\nIf climbing over a log or rock, stand on it first. Then look down on the other side where you weren't able to see before ascending. If there is a snake resting there, you still have time to back down on the original side and walk a different way.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Walk firmly, with sure steps.\", \"描述\": \"This means making it clear that you're coming through your heavy tread, to cause vibrations ahead. This in itself will often be enough to cause many a snake to scatter and hide before you even reach where it was. Use a walking stick to thud on the path as well, for added vibration. Most snakes won't stick around when they're alert to an unknown thudding beast coming their way. However, there are exceptions, such as snakes enjoying the sunshine too much to move and snakes that have barely warmed up and cannot react quickly enough––for such snakes, striking first can be their only defensive reaction. Also, there are snake species that don't move for whatever reason. Some snakes stay absolutely still in the hope their camouflage will deter predators. The trouble with such behavior is that you can easily tread on such a snake, so stay alert.\\nOne example of a snake that relies on its camouflage over moving out of the way is the Australian death adder. It will often remain coiled up, relying on the leaf litter as camouflage. This is why you must not rely on vibration alone, but also use sight (look for coiled, round shapes in this instance), while also gently prodding through vegetation with the walking stick before heading across it. This is yet another reason why you need to be aware of what type of snakes are in the area and their typical habits.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Step upon before stepping over.\", \"描述\": \"Where a log or rock blocks your way and you need to traverse it to get to where you're headed, always step onto the feature first, then look down. If a snake is resting below the feature, you can then see it and back off before treading down onto it. Wait for it to leave before moving on.\\nA log can be tapped with the walking stick to create vibrations to encourage the snake to move on.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Keep your hands to yourself.\", \"描述\": \"When you are walking, marvel from afar. If holes, wood piles and hollow logs intrigue you, look from a good distance or better still, use your camera lens to zoom in. Do not put your hand or arms in there for further investigation because these are very likely holes for snakes to rest in. Left undisturbed, you'd normally pass by the snakes without either of you being bothered but if you stick your hand in there, the snake may bite.\\nLook before grabbing onto tree branches. It can be helpful sometimes to hold onto a tree when climbing or descending a path, or just to take a rest. However, snakes can climb and sometimes a branch can contain a snake. Before you grab that branch, be sure to check it's just a branch and not holding a snake as well.\\nTake care when using rock ledges and other natural features to help you to climb or rest on. Check for snake presence first. If you are doing a rocky trail walk in an area known for snakes, consider wearing thick gloves and long sleeves to protect your hands and arms while grabbing onto rocks.\\nDon't pick up sticks unless you're absolutely sure it's a stick. People have mistaken snakes for sticks and have been bitten as a result.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Sit with care.\", \"描述\": \"It's natural to want to rest on a fallen log, a sturdy rock or other natural feature. Such items may also be a home or resting point for a snake. Check the area visually and make vibrations by stomping around before sitting down. If you're unsure, squat on the path or sit on your day-pack on the path; at least you know what is there.\\nRemember to step on the log or rock before checking the other side, in case the snake is resting on the side you cannot see.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Watch where you take a bathroom break.\", \"描述\": \"If you need to urinate in the bush, be careful about where you do so. While it's natural to want to hide from your human companions, you don't want to do so at the expense of getting bitten. Look carefully as you go to a toilet spot, check around the spot and avoid anywhere near a rocky outcrop, long grass or logs. Of course, take the usual precautions for not fouling waterways either! Stay alert all the time and finish your business quickly.\\nIf you are using the bush for urinating at night, always wear shoes and take light.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Be careful at night.\", \"描述\": \"Snakes will naturally gravitate towards warm roads and pathways when these have residual heat as darkness falls because this helps them to keep warm. If using such areas at night, carry a light and use it to be totally aware of what is on the path ahead of you. Avoid night hiking in areas where you cannot see ahead or around you or where you would be forced to walk through heavily wooded or tall grassy areas.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Snakes While Camping\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your tent before leaving your house.\", \"描述\": \"This is part of routine maintenance. A tent used in snake country must have no holes in it at all, otherwise it's not a serviceable tent and you'll may get water, bugs and other creatures, as well as snakes, coming in if it has holes. Check that the zippers work and that the tent is in good condition.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a campsite which is away from bush and tall clumps of grass.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a clearing where you can see the ground without any problems. Avoid rocky outcrops and low-hanging branches as campsites.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your tent zippered closed at all times.\", \"描述\": \"Instruct all users, no matter how young or old, to keep the tents fully zippered up. This is a golden rule of camping. A snake can slide in though the smallest of gaps, so instruct everyone to keep the zipper join(s) up towards the top, allowing you to be sure that the base area of the tent is fully closed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep all sleeping bags rolled up.\", \"描述\": \"Unfold at night just before you go to bed. This allows you to survey the tent as a whole before getting into it, and you can be sure there isn't a snake snuggled in the end of your sleeping bag before you put your toes in.\\nIf you couldn't keep sleeping gear safely secured away or you're just unsure if it was kept safely enough, shake it out before using it. It is better to have a snake drop out and slither off than to put your bare feet into a bag with a snake inside.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep all footwear inside the tent or car at all times.\", \"描述\": \"Snakes find boots and shoes enticing hiding holes; indeed, snakes up to a metre long can curl into a boot. If you cannot keep them inside the tent or car, pull your socks over the hole of each shoe or boot to prevent entry (or stuff the socks inside). This is a good practice when hiking and camping anyway, as not only snakes like crawling into boots.\\nCheck boots before putting them on. Tip them upside down and give them a good shake. Do not put your hand inside; use a long stick if you need to prod inside the boot.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Practice good camp tidiness.\", \"描述\": \"Do not leave anything about that could hide a snake seeking cover. This means keeping blankets, picnic rugs, towels, clothing, bags, etc., inside the closed car or tent. Do not leave such items on the ground when not in use and not attended. Keep all containers closed when not being used, from ice boxes to food bags. After all, you're out in nature to enjoy its natural state.\\nDo not leave rubbish or garbage around; it attracts mice and rats, which in turn attract snakes. Yet another great reason to keep your outdoors experience litter-free.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use lighting whenever walking around the campsite.\", \"描述\": \"Stumbling in the dark is its own hazard without adding treading on a snake as well, so it's essential to carry a light at all times when moving about. Do not pick up anything without first shining light onto it, to be sure that you are picking up something safe.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Keep car doors shut at all times.\", \"描述\": \"No need to invite a snake into the hiding sanctuary it might view your car as.\\nSometimes snakes like to go underneath cars to stay protected from the open air and still have contact with the warm asphalt. If you have parked somewhere that snakes are likely to be around, be aware of this possibility. Get into the car quickly and shut the door straight away; don't stand next to the car for too long or lean on or lean your legs out of the car in case there is a snake frightened out of its slumber by your presence.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Water Snakes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know where the water contains snakes.\", \"描述\": \"Water snakes are usually deadly and it's unlikely you can get help quickly enough after being bitten, so avoiding them is your only line of safety. If you know water snakes are in a body of water, the safest thing is to stay out of the water. There are plenty of safe places to go swimming in the world, so choose those places for your next trip.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid going into rivers or other water bodies after heavy rains.\", \"描述\": \"Even if the water is usually safe, the heavy rains may have caused snakes that are usually land-lubbers to get caught up in the water and they'll be attempting to get back to safety.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Removing Yourself from a Snake Encounter Outdoors\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay calm.\", \"描述\": \"Panicking will cause you to think poorly. You might also move in the wrong direction or move too quickly and cause the snake to view you as a threat. By staying calm, you remain level-headed and can initiate your retreat with care and good sense.\\nYelling at a snake makes no difference, it cannot hear what you are saying. However, calmly warning your walking companions to slowly back off is a sensible use of your voice.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do not approach the snake.\", \"描述\": \"Remembering that all a snake wants to do is get away from you, give it the space and opportunity to do so. Snakes need to be quite close to be able to bite you and the striking distance for most snakes is usually half the snake's body length. Thus, by not approaching any farther, you will usually have reduced the risk to negligible.The striking distance for some snakes is less because they are bigger or more agile, such as the Western Taipan. The more distance between you and the snake, clearly the safer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay still and keep movements to a minimum.\", \"描述\": \"While the snake isn't listening to your conversation, its excellent eyesight is watching you for sudden and scary movements. Snakes are easily startled by sudden movement, as this is its alert mechanism for a threat. Jumping up and down and flailing your arms around can easily be interpreted as hostile intent by a snake.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wait, keeping still.\", \"描述\": \"Provided you are at a safe distance from the snake, stop and let the snake move on. If the snake has realized you are there, it will often leave of its own accord while you aren't making any movement, to avoid you. However, if the snake proves stubborn in its wish to stay where it is, leave it alone and walk around it at a safe distance. If you cannot go around the snake due to the path being the only way forward, try stomping the ground on the spot, to produce more vibrations. However, only do this if you are a very safe (long) distance away from the snake, as stomping movement and vibrations can be perceived by the snake as a threat and it may strike instead of move.A snake has a short attention span, usually lasting less than a minute. Hence, once it has slithered away from you, it has forgotten about you and goes about its business elsewhere. It's not harbouring thoughts of coming back to chase you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do not harass the snake.\", \"描述\": \"Do not throw anything at the snake, as this will only cause it to view you as a threat. Do not attempt to poke it or pick it up; both actions are likely to cause it to bite. Most snakebites occur as a result of a human interfering directly with the snake, such as poking it, picking it up, or trying to kill it. Leave the snake be, and most times it'll leave you be too.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Retreat if you have accidentally cornered a snake.\", \"描述\": \"To do this, back away slowly and avoid sudden movement. Do not make any sudden movements, as that is what prey would do and some snakes wait for such movements to strike out (such as the death adder). Make as little vibration and movement as possible when slowly backing out, as this will avoid stoking the snake's innate compulsion to strike out at fast moving prey.\\nIf the snake is within strike range, you may be better off remaining completely motionless and letting it pass by. If you are between the snake and where it wants to go, it may wish to come past you as part of its escape strategy. If this does happen, stay absolutely still and let the snake slide on by. If it slides over your boots, keep very still and let it pass on by. Stay motionless until the snake passes.\\nNever deliberately corner a snake. That's asking for being bitten and reflects poor decision-making.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Keep an eye on a snake that is retreating.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you leave in the opposite direction, to avoid disturbing it again. Do not follow the snake for any reason.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Snakes Around and In the Home\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep the doors to your house, sheds and pet housing closed if you live in an area where snakes like to crawl in.\", \"描述\": \"They won't hesitate to come through a door if the entrance is easy for them and they perceive nice hiding holes, water and even food opportunities inside. If snakes are known to be in your garden or yard, assume they can come inside any structure too.\\nIf there is enough space under the door for a snake to slide through, cover it with a strong rubber seal or weather stripping. This will also keep out mice, rats, dirt and dust, and the like.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid making enticing homes for rats and mice and for snakes.\", \"描述\": \"This includes keeping the yard tidy and not building wood piles or other messy piles in the yard. The snakes will be attracted by rat and mouse homes, and might also decide it's cozy enough to move in for good.Wood stored for fires in winter should be kept well away from the house. It is best kept inside a secure shed that has no opening to outside; use a concrete floor as the base.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep the grass short.\", \"描述\": \"There is a fine balance between short enough to see snakes and high enough to save water but as long as its even and you can see across and through it with ease, then you will be able to spot any snakes passing through. When gardening, wear thick leather gloves, to protect your hands when touching plants and working around soil and compost.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prevent other sources of possible entrance to your house.\", \"描述\": \"Seal any holes, gaps and cracks around your house that may allow for snakes or other nasty critters to crawl in. Do an underfloor, wall and roof inspection for possible entrance ways.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remove food sources for snakes.\", \"描述\": \"Attracting wildlife to your garden through feeding it can also attract the snakes that eat the wildlife. Bird feeders, bread pieces or even cat and dog food, can attract the snakes to your backyard, in search of the prey eating the food you've left out. If you want to feed birds, clean up the mess left behind daily, to avoid birds settling on the ground frequently.Snakes need water too. If you leave water out for animals, keep it well away from the house. If you have a pond, pool or other water feature, keep the grass low around it, to help you to see if a snake has come for a drink.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Check your compost bin's accessibility.\", \"描述\": \"Any compost bin that becomes a rat and mouse haven also becomes a snake's feasting point. Ensure that no small beasts are residing in your compost by checking it and turning it frequently. Do not add eggshells to the compost, as rodents enjoy eating these.\\nDo not compost food scraps in open heaps. This makes it easy for rats and mice to feed off and they'll gather around.\\nUse sticks to poke compost before picking it up with your hands. This applies to all garden piles, such as mulch and leaf heaps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Removing Yourself from a Snake Encounter Indoors\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine that there is a snake in the house.\", \"描述\": \"Usually this will be by site but sometimes you might be aware due to someone else notifying you, hearing snake rustling (if you're familiar with the sound). Stay calm and move slowly; upsetting the snake can cause it to hide somewhere else, which may make it even harder to find and remove. Leave the snake well alone; do not try to capture, kill or remove it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Remove everyone from the room where the snake has been discovered.\", \"描述\": \"Have children leave quietly and quickly. This includes all pets, even fish if possible. Lock pets away somewhere safe.Only remove pets and fish tanks if this does not endanger you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Shut the door to the room where you have discovered the snake.\", \"描述\": \"If the base of the door would allow a snake to crawl under, block it with newspaper, rolled-up towels or a draft (draught) stopper. Inform all family members that the room is out of bounds. Lock it if possible. Alternatively, shut (and block) all internal doors except for the room the snake is in and leave external doors open, to encourage the snake to leave.\\nIf you know there is a snake in the house but you don't know where, vacate the whole house; remember to lock your doors if leaving the property, to avoid being burgled while seeking help or sitting it out at the neighbour's. If it's possible, put signs on the doors explaining that there is a snake inside, especially if family members cannot be reached but might return home before you get back.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Call for help.\", \"描述\": \"Call a professional snake handler. If you cannot find one, call your local municipality or the local police for assistance and they will be able to direct you to the appropriate help.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait for help.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you're a professional snake handler, this is your best option. Do not attempt to handle the snake or shoo it away. If you take photos of it, do so through a window. Instagram or Facebook are not worth being bitten by a startled snake. If it is safe to do so, keep an eye on the snake as this increases the chances that the snake handler will catch it and not have to spend a lot of time locating it.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Learn snake first aid. Part of fear alleviation is the knowledge you can do your best to deal with a bad situation, should it arise.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Dogs, inside and out, are a good way to protect yourself because they usually will bark. Just be sure that you get the dog away from the snake as soon as you see one, because the dog can be bitten.\\n\", \"When walking in the tall grass, be sure to pick your feet up after each step, if you don't, you might accidentally drag a snake with your feet while running and it may get hooked onto your shoe.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Certain species of snake may be more aggressive then others. Treat all snakes as venomous and dangerous.\\n\", \"If you are bitten by a snake, stay calm and seek help immediately.\\n\", \"Snakes are protected by law in many countries. In such places, it is illegal to harm the snake.\\n\", \"Snake venom may act differently depending on where you are in the world, so know what snake first aid applies wherever you are.\\n\"]}]}}",
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3,198 | How to Avoid Social Networking Scams | 1. Managing Your Network
1-1. Regulate your privacy settings.
Most social networks, such as Facebook, twitter, and Instagram, allow you to control who sees your information, photos and posts. To help stay safe, try to limit the amount of people who can see your information to as few as necessary.
Think about who will be seeing the information you post. If your privacy settings are not controlled, you will be giving information about yourself out to anyone with access to the Internet.
If you want to keep what you post on social media as private as possible, you should change your settings so that only friends can see your posts. In Facebook, for instance, you can choose “friends only” when setting up who can see your information. That way no one you haven't approved of can see what you post.
1-2. Allow only people you know into your social network.
Do not accept friendship or network requests from people you do not recognize. There are many fake accounts on social media that exist mainly to scam other users. You can help protect yourself from these accounts by not letting strangers into your network.
On Facebook, you can report friend requests from people you do not know as spam. This will help ensure that they don't contact you again.
When a stranger tries to add you to their network, check to see if you have any mutual contacts. If not, this is most likely a fake account rather than someone you know but simply don't recognize.
1-3. Keep your network manageable.
While it can be tempting to try to accumulate as many friends or followers as possible, this can often make it harder to keep yourself away from possible scams. The smaller your network is, the easier it will be for you to make sure that you are only communicating with people you can trust.
Some people aim to let no more than 150 connections into their social media networks. You should decide what a good number for your circumstances is.
2. Avoiding Dangerous Links
2-1. Never trust links with sensational headlines.
Even if your network is small, you can still easily encounter scams that try to lure you in using links that have sensational headlines. Some social media scams use these headlines to trick people into clicking on links that will infect their computer or ask for sensitive information.
For instance, a few previous commonly used scam headline claimed that the singer Justin Bieber had been stabbed, Lady Gaga had died in a hotel room, and that Emma Watson had been caught on video doing something outrageous.
2-2. Always check the source of a link.
Before clicking on a link, check to see what website it will take you to. Be cautious of clicking on it if it is a site you've never heard of. You can also search for information about the site in a different tab to see if it's legitimate.
You can always research the information provided in a link before clicking on it by doing an internet search in another tab.
If you see a sensational headline, Google the event to see if any reliable websites have reported on it. If you see a link for an amazing deal, check the retailer's website to make sure it's real before clicking the link.
2-3. Avoid links that claim they can make you rich.
Many social media scams claim that they can make you rich or get you an extremely high return on an investment. Never click on links that promise riches, as they are almost guaranteed to be scams. Use your judgment: if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!
Some common internet scams claim that they can help you earn 2 percent interest a day, 14 percent a week, or 40 percent a month on your investments. These are way above market rates!
2-4. Avoid links that promise huge retail discounts.
Another common type of scam claims to offer huge discounts or free coupons to popular retailers like Starbucks. Links that claim to offer such great deals usually infect your computer or try to steal your information. Only trust promotional links from retailers themselves when it comes to sales or deals.
One fraudulent deal scam pretended to offer a lifetime subscription to Netflix for just five dollars.
2-5. Be cautious of links posted in comment sections.
Even if you're on the verified social media page of a business or person, you need to be cautious about links posted in the comment section. Some social media scams use these parts of popular accounts to try to trick a large number of people.
The social media pages of sports teams, for example, will often have links in the comment section that say they offer free live streams of games.
3. Keeping Your Information Secure
3-1. Never post personal information that can be used by others.
To help keep yourself safe, never share any information on social media that could be used to steal your identity. Obvious things to avoid sharing are bank account numbers or government identification numbers, such as a U.S. Social Security number.
You may also want to avoid sharing less obviously sensitive information such as your date of birth or your mother's maiden name. Pieces of information like this can be used to answer online security questions or start fraudulent accounts.
3-2. Avoid social networking content that asks you for personal information.
Do not download any apps, take any quizzes or sign up for any coupons that ask for information such as your date of birth, social security number, or home address. Always assume that these kinds of attempts to get your information are scams.
Only give out information online when you have gone to a website that you trust and that you expect to ask you such information, such as your bank's website.
3-3. Refuse to engage in financial transactions on social networks.
Social media scams often ask you to send money to someone electronically. Never send money to anyone you do not know who has reached out to you using social media.
To be safe, even if you receive a message asking for money from a friend's account, you should call your friend to ensure that this is a real request from them and not a scam. Some scams can hijack the accounts of other users.
Even if a link says it is asking for money for charity, go directly to the website of a charity you trust instead and donate there.
3-4. Try not to access social networking sites on public computers.
Use your own computer instead of the computers at libraries and other public places. Your login information can be stolen and used to post false things.
3-5. Keep your password secure.
Do not give your social media passwords to anyone unless you trust them completely. You should also use different passwords for different sites and change your passwords regularly. These practices will help make it harder to hack your social media accounts.
Tips
Stay up to date on the current scams and problems that dominate the social networking world. Presently, identity theft is the biggest threat, followed by brand hijacking and issues with privacy.
Trust your instincts. If a pop-up screen asks you to do something unusual, or a friend request seems suspicious, avoid it and delete it.
Warnings
Be careful with geolocation settings. Also called geo-tagging, these services stamp your digital location at all times. There is no reason to let the world know your every move and constant whereabouts.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:28",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Managing Your Network\\n1-1. Regulate your privacy settings.\\nMost social networks, such as Facebook, twitter, and Instagram, allow you to control who sees your information, photos and posts. To help stay safe, try to limit the amount of people who can see your information to as few as necessary.\\nThink about who will be seeing the information you post. If your privacy settings are not controlled, you will be giving information about yourself out to anyone with access to the Internet.\\nIf you want to keep what you post on social media as private as possible, you should change your settings so that only friends can see your posts. In Facebook, for instance, you can choose “friends only” when setting up who can see your information. That way no one you haven't approved of can see what you post.\\n1-2. Allow only people you know into your social network.\\nDo not accept friendship or network requests from people you do not recognize. There are many fake accounts on social media that exist mainly to scam other users. You can help protect yourself from these accounts by not letting strangers into your network.\\nOn Facebook, you can report friend requests from people you do not know as spam. This will help ensure that they don't contact you again.\\nWhen a stranger tries to add you to their network, check to see if you have any mutual contacts. If not, this is most likely a fake account rather than someone you know but simply don't recognize.\\n1-3. Keep your network manageable.\\nWhile it can be tempting to try to accumulate as many friends or followers as possible, this can often make it harder to keep yourself away from possible scams. The smaller your network is, the easier it will be for you to make sure that you are only communicating with people you can trust.\\nSome people aim to let no more than 150 connections into their social media networks. You should decide what a good number for your circumstances is.\\n2. Avoiding Dangerous Links\\n2-1. Never trust links with sensational headlines.\\nEven if your network is small, you can still easily encounter scams that try to lure you in using links that have sensational headlines. Some social media scams use these headlines to trick people into clicking on links that will infect their computer or ask for sensitive information.\\nFor instance, a few previous commonly used scam headline claimed that the singer Justin Bieber had been stabbed, Lady Gaga had died in a hotel room, and that Emma Watson had been caught on video doing something outrageous.\\n2-2. Always check the source of a link.\\nBefore clicking on a link, check to see what website it will take you to. Be cautious of clicking on it if it is a site you've never heard of. You can also search for information about the site in a different tab to see if it's legitimate.\\nYou can always research the information provided in a link before clicking on it by doing an internet search in another tab.\\nIf you see a sensational headline, Google the event to see if any reliable websites have reported on it. If you see a link for an amazing deal, check the retailer's website to make sure it's real before clicking the link.\\n2-3. Avoid links that claim they can make you rich.\\nMany social media scams claim that they can make you rich or get you an extremely high return on an investment. Never click on links that promise riches, as they are almost guaranteed to be scams. Use your judgment: if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!\\nSome common internet scams claim that they can help you earn 2 percent interest a day, 14 percent a week, or 40 percent a month on your investments. These are way above market rates!\\n2-4. Avoid links that promise huge retail discounts.\\nAnother common type of scam claims to offer huge discounts or free coupons to popular retailers like Starbucks. Links that claim to offer such great deals usually infect your computer or try to steal your information. Only trust promotional links from retailers themselves when it comes to sales or deals.\\nOne fraudulent deal scam pretended to offer a lifetime subscription to Netflix for just five dollars.\\n2-5. Be cautious of links posted in comment sections.\\nEven if you're on the verified social media page of a business or person, you need to be cautious about links posted in the comment section. Some social media scams use these parts of popular accounts to try to trick a large number of people.\\nThe social media pages of sports teams, for example, will often have links in the comment section that say they offer free live streams of games.\\n3. Keeping Your Information Secure\\n3-1. Never post personal information that can be used by others.\\nTo help keep yourself safe, never share any information on social media that could be used to steal your identity. Obvious things to avoid sharing are bank account numbers or government identification numbers, such as a U.S. Social Security number.\\nYou may also want to avoid sharing less obviously sensitive information such as your date of birth or your mother's maiden name. Pieces of information like this can be used to answer online security questions or start fraudulent accounts.\\n3-2. Avoid social networking content that asks you for personal information.\\nDo not download any apps, take any quizzes or sign up for any coupons that ask for information such as your date of birth, social security number, or home address. Always assume that these kinds of attempts to get your information are scams.\\nOnly give out information online when you have gone to a website that you trust and that you expect to ask you such information, such as your bank's website.\\n3-3. Refuse to engage in financial transactions on social networks.\\nSocial media scams often ask you to send money to someone electronically. Never send money to anyone you do not know who has reached out to you using social media.\\nTo be safe, even if you receive a message asking for money from a friend's account, you should call your friend to ensure that this is a real request from them and not a scam. Some scams can hijack the accounts of other users.\\nEven if a link says it is asking for money for charity, go directly to the website of a charity you trust instead and donate there.\\n3-4. Try not to access social networking sites on public computers.\\nUse your own computer instead of the computers at libraries and other public places. Your login information can be stolen and used to post false things.\\n3-5. Keep your password secure.\\nDo not give your social media passwords to anyone unless you trust them completely. You should also use different passwords for different sites and change your passwords regularly. These practices will help make it harder to hack your social media accounts.\\nTips\\nStay up to date on the current scams and problems that dominate the social networking world. Presently, identity theft is the biggest threat, followed by brand hijacking and issues with privacy.\\nTrust your instincts. If a pop-up screen asks you to do something unusual, or a friend request seems suspicious, avoid it and delete it.\\nWarnings\\nBe careful with geolocation settings. Also called geo-tagging, these services stamp your digital location at all times. There is no reason to let the world know your every move and constant whereabouts.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You might be nervous about the scams that you can fall prey to on social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. But there's no reason to let these scams keep you from social media. You can avoid social networking scams by being selective about your network, protective of your information, and skeptical of the links you see.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Managing Your Network\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Regulate your privacy settings.\", \"描述\": \"Most social networks, such as Facebook, twitter, and Instagram, allow you to control who sees your information, photos and posts. To help stay safe, try to limit the amount of people who can see your information to as few as necessary.\\nThink about who will be seeing the information you post. If your privacy settings are not controlled, you will be giving information about yourself out to anyone with access to the Internet.\\nIf you want to keep what you post on social media as private as possible, you should change your settings so that only friends can see your posts. In Facebook, for instance, you can choose “friends only” when setting up who can see your information. That way no one you haven't approved of can see what you post.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Allow only people you know into your social network.\", \"描述\": \"Do not accept friendship or network requests from people you do not recognize. There are many fake accounts on social media that exist mainly to scam other users. You can help protect yourself from these accounts by not letting strangers into your network.\\nOn Facebook, you can report friend requests from people you do not know as spam. This will help ensure that they don't contact you again.\\nWhen a stranger tries to add you to their network, check to see if you have any mutual contacts. If not, this is most likely a fake account rather than someone you know but simply don't recognize.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep your network manageable.\", \"描述\": \"While it can be tempting to try to accumulate as many friends or followers as possible, this can often make it harder to keep yourself away from possible scams. The smaller your network is, the easier it will be for you to make sure that you are only communicating with people you can trust.\\nSome people aim to let no more than 150 connections into their social media networks. You should decide what a good number for your circumstances is.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Dangerous Links\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Never trust links with sensational headlines.\", \"描述\": \"Even if your network is small, you can still easily encounter scams that try to lure you in using links that have sensational headlines. Some social media scams use these headlines to trick people into clicking on links that will infect their computer or ask for sensitive information.\\nFor instance, a few previous commonly used scam headline claimed that the singer Justin Bieber had been stabbed, Lady Gaga had died in a hotel room, and that Emma Watson had been caught on video doing something outrageous.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Always check the source of a link.\", \"描述\": \"Before clicking on a link, check to see what website it will take you to. Be cautious of clicking on it if it is a site you've never heard of. You can also search for information about the site in a different tab to see if it's legitimate.\\nYou can always research the information provided in a link before clicking on it by doing an internet search in another tab.\\nIf you see a sensational headline, Google the event to see if any reliable websites have reported on it. If you see a link for an amazing deal, check the retailer's website to make sure it's real before clicking the link.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid links that claim they can make you rich.\", \"描述\": \"Many social media scams claim that they can make you rich or get you an extremely high return on an investment. Never click on links that promise riches, as they are almost guaranteed to be scams. Use your judgment: if it sounds too good to be true, it probably is!\\nSome common internet scams claim that they can help you earn 2 percent interest a day, 14 percent a week, or 40 percent a month on your investments. These are way above market rates!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid links that promise huge retail discounts.\", \"描述\": \"Another common type of scam claims to offer huge discounts or free coupons to popular retailers like Starbucks. Links that claim to offer such great deals usually infect your computer or try to steal your information. Only trust promotional links from retailers themselves when it comes to sales or deals.\\nOne fraudulent deal scam pretended to offer a lifetime subscription to Netflix for just five dollars.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be cautious of links posted in comment sections.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you're on the verified social media page of a business or person, you need to be cautious about links posted in the comment section. Some social media scams use these parts of popular accounts to try to trick a large number of people.\\nThe social media pages of sports teams, for example, will often have links in the comment section that say they offer free live streams of games.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keeping Your Information Secure\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Never post personal information that can be used by others.\", \"描述\": \"To help keep yourself safe, never share any information on social media that could be used to steal your identity. Obvious things to avoid sharing are bank account numbers or government identification numbers, such as a U.S. Social Security number.\\nYou may also want to avoid sharing less obviously sensitive information such as your date of birth or your mother's maiden name. Pieces of information like this can be used to answer online security questions or start fraudulent accounts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid social networking content that asks you for personal information.\", \"描述\": \"Do not download any apps, take any quizzes or sign up for any coupons that ask for information such as your date of birth, social security number, or home address. Always assume that these kinds of attempts to get your information are scams.\\nOnly give out information online when you have gone to a website that you trust and that you expect to ask you such information, such as your bank's website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Refuse to engage in financial transactions on social networks.\", \"描述\": \"Social media scams often ask you to send money to someone electronically. Never send money to anyone you do not know who has reached out to you using social media.\\nTo be safe, even if you receive a message asking for money from a friend's account, you should call your friend to ensure that this is a real request from them and not a scam. Some scams can hijack the accounts of other users.\\nEven if a link says it is asking for money for charity, go directly to the website of a charity you trust instead and donate there.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try not to access social networking sites on public computers.\", \"描述\": \"Use your own computer instead of the computers at libraries and other public places. Your login information can be stolen and used to post false things.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep your password secure.\", \"描述\": \"Do not give your social media passwords to anyone unless you trust them completely. You should also use different passwords for different sites and change your passwords regularly. These practices will help make it harder to hack your social media accounts.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Stay up to date on the current scams and problems that dominate the social networking world. Presently, identity theft is the biggest threat, followed by brand hijacking and issues with privacy.\\n\", \"Trust your instincts. If a pop-up screen asks you to do something unusual, or a friend request seems suspicious, avoid it and delete it.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be careful with geolocation settings. Also called geo-tagging, these services stamp your digital location at all times. There is no reason to let the world know your every move and constant whereabouts.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,199 | How to Avoid Someone | 1. Removing Someone Toxic From Your Life
1-1. Evaluate how necessary it is to remove someone from your life.
Are they only a minor annoyance? If you don't feel like your interactions with this person are greatly affecting your quality of life, then maybe you can take a less dramatic route.
If someone is annoying and you don't want to hang out with them anymore you can just stop answering their calls and talking to them as much. Don't hang out in the same places or talk to them and pretty soon they will get the hint.
1-2. Tell them you don’t want to interact with them anymore.
This is an incredibly difficult conversation to have and it is inherently hurtful. Try to be as calm about the situation as you can be. Don’t blame the person or get angry, just try to be firm in your decision. Tell them your reason and then leave. Don’t let yourself get drawn into a long discussion - if you are making this decision you should be completely sure before you say anything.
You have the right to tell someone you don’t want to be around them anymore, but don’t expect them to take it well. It’s extremely hard to end friendships gracefully, since there are too many emotions involved.
This is obviously very difficult for a lot of people. However, if you decide it's really important that you don't speak to this person anymore, it's more respectful to tell them in person rather than let the relationship fade out. For example, tell them that you don't think your friendship or relationship is a good fit anymore, and that you would like some space. Tell them that you hope you can be friends down the line, but for now you don't want to talk to them anymore.
If you are avoiding them, perhaps it is because your feelings are out of line. Make sure you don't want to try to repair things with them to make your relationship before cutting ties.
1-3. Cut off lines of communication.
Do not continue to text the person or call them or sit next to them. Once you have made it clear you don’t want to spend time with that person you must follow through on your statement. If you are wishy-washy you will confuse the person and make the process much more difficult. Once again, try to avoid being rude and hateful to the person.
1-4. Consider a court order.
If the person is a real threat to you or the people around you it might be a good idea to consider a restraining order. This is an order that you can get from a court to legally restrict the person from coming near you. This is obviously a very extreme step to take. Only pursue this option if you feel truly threatened and unsafe.
The first step is to file a claim at a local courthouse and review your claim with a judge. They will help you from there.
2. Avoiding a Toxic Person
2-1. Avoid places where this person is most likely to be.
Where do they hang out? Where do they live? What areas are they most likely to be in? If they are at your school, where do they hang out at breaks? The more you know about the person's whereabouts, the better you can stay away from them.
2-2. Switch up your routine slightly.
You shouldn’t change your whole life, but if you’re avoiding someone it is probably a tense period of time for both of you. If they always go to the same coffee shop as you, maybe you should check out another coffee shop for a few weeks. Don’t dramatically alter your life, but it might be a good idea to switch up your routine to see less of this person.
2-3. Ignore the person.
Do not make eye contact with this person. This might make them want to come over and talk to you. If you pass the person on the street it’s perfectly reasonable to act like you haven’t seen them. If you are obviously walking directly past each other, just nod your head at them and keep moving. You don’t need to pretend the other person doesn’t exist, but don’t invite any further interaction.
If you are at a party, acknowledge their presence and find a polite way to leave the conversation. Get busy with other people and try to enjoy yourself the best you can.
2-4. Avoid situations where you will be alone with this person.
If this person is your coworker or peer you may be forced to spend time around them. However, you can ensure that you only ever are around them in groups. Don’t stay late working at your office if they are also there. If you are at a party and they are there, stay in rooms with many other people. This will help you avoid having to deal with another confrontation or interaction with the person.
2-5. Have an escape plan and stay firm.
If you’ve already told the person you don’t want to interact with them anymore and they keep trying to talk to you, think of an escape route. Try to be polite like if he/she comes and talks to you. Do not try to offend the person, but be very direct. You have the right to tell someone that you don’t want to spend any time with him or her anymore.
If they still won’t leave you alone, make up an excuse such as, "I'm really sorry, I'm late,"
3. Continuing to Live Your Life
3-1. Don’t let this person change your life dramatically.
It’s not a bad idea to switch up your routine in small ways to avoid seeing this person. However, you shouldn’t constantly be in fear of running into the person. Just because you have a bad relationship doesn’t mean that you should totally change your life around.
For example, it’s not a huge deal to go to the gym an hour earlier or later if you know they will be there at a certain time. However, you shouldn’t have to quit your job or drop a class at school to avoid seeing them.
3-2. Feel comfortable in your surroundings.
Surround yourself with the people that you do want to spend time with. This person is no longer a part of your life, so move on and don’t let their presence affect you. Have a good time with your friends and be who you are. Do the things that you like to do with the people you like being around.
For example, don’t let your interactions with this person you want to avoid change your personality. Be the bigger person and don't be intimidated.
3-3. Move on.
At some point you might have to move on from whatever anger you hold toward this person. Once a certain period of time has passed they will understand that you want nothing to do with them. You should be able to have a civil conversation with the person, especially if you work with them. Don’t spend any more time around them than you have to. However, once the emotions of the situation have calmed down hopefully they can become a much more minor issue in your life.
Determine if this person can reenter your life. If you don't find yourself constantly worrying about the relationship anymore, it might be okay to let this person back into your life slowly. If you were in an intimate relationship with someone and then you got hurt you have to wait until the intimacy has completely faded. Once you don't feel anything for the person anymore maybe you can start interacting with them at public gatherings.
Tips
Do not try to interfere when they speak. Be a patient listener. This will certainly keep both of you at peace and the situation won't be made worse.
If they are continuously bugging you tell them how you feel and why you’re avoiding them. Address the situation honestly.
Be polite and stay with your friends. If you live with a mean or annoying person just leave them alone.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Removing Someone Toxic From Your Life\\n1-1. Evaluate how necessary it is to remove someone from your life.\\nAre they only a minor annoyance? If you don't feel like your interactions with this person are greatly affecting your quality of life, then maybe you can take a less dramatic route.\\nIf someone is annoying and you don't want to hang out with them anymore you can just stop answering their calls and talking to them as much. Don't hang out in the same places or talk to them and pretty soon they will get the hint.\\n1-2. Tell them you don’t want to interact with them anymore.\\nThis is an incredibly difficult conversation to have and it is inherently hurtful. Try to be as calm about the situation as you can be. Don’t blame the person or get angry, just try to be firm in your decision. Tell them your reason and then leave. Don’t let yourself get drawn into a long discussion - if you are making this decision you should be completely sure before you say anything.\\nYou have the right to tell someone you don’t want to be around them anymore, but don’t expect them to take it well. It’s extremely hard to end friendships gracefully, since there are too many emotions involved.\\nThis is obviously very difficult for a lot of people. However, if you decide it's really important that you don't speak to this person anymore, it's more respectful to tell them in person rather than let the relationship fade out. For example, tell them that you don't think your friendship or relationship is a good fit anymore, and that you would like some space. Tell them that you hope you can be friends down the line, but for now you don't want to talk to them anymore.\\nIf you are avoiding them, perhaps it is because your feelings are out of line. Make sure you don't want to try to repair things with them to make your relationship before cutting ties.\\n1-3. Cut off lines of communication.\\nDo not continue to text the person or call them or sit next to them. Once you have made it clear you don’t want to spend time with that person you must follow through on your statement. If you are wishy-washy you will confuse the person and make the process much more difficult. Once again, try to avoid being rude and hateful to the person.\\n1-4. Consider a court order.\\nIf the person is a real threat to you or the people around you it might be a good idea to consider a restraining order. This is an order that you can get from a court to legally restrict the person from coming near you. This is obviously a very extreme step to take. Only pursue this option if you feel truly threatened and unsafe.\\nThe first step is to file a claim at a local courthouse and review your claim with a judge. They will help you from there.\\n2. Avoiding a Toxic Person\\n2-1. Avoid places where this person is most likely to be.\\nWhere do they hang out? Where do they live? What areas are they most likely to be in? If they are at your school, where do they hang out at breaks? The more you know about the person's whereabouts, the better you can stay away from them.\\n2-2. Switch up your routine slightly.\\nYou shouldn’t change your whole life, but if you’re avoiding someone it is probably a tense period of time for both of you. If they always go to the same coffee shop as you, maybe you should check out another coffee shop for a few weeks. Don’t dramatically alter your life, but it might be a good idea to switch up your routine to see less of this person.\\n2-3. Ignore the person.\\nDo not make eye contact with this person. This might make them want to come over and talk to you. If you pass the person on the street it’s perfectly reasonable to act like you haven’t seen them. If you are obviously walking directly past each other, just nod your head at them and keep moving. You don’t need to pretend the other person doesn’t exist, but don’t invite any further interaction.\\nIf you are at a party, acknowledge their presence and find a polite way to leave the conversation. Get busy with other people and try to enjoy yourself the best you can.\\n2-4. Avoid situations where you will be alone with this person.\\nIf this person is your coworker or peer you may be forced to spend time around them. However, you can ensure that you only ever are around them in groups. Don’t stay late working at your office if they are also there. If you are at a party and they are there, stay in rooms with many other people. This will help you avoid having to deal with another confrontation or interaction with the person.\\n2-5. Have an escape plan and stay firm.\\nIf you’ve already told the person you don’t want to interact with them anymore and they keep trying to talk to you, think of an escape route. Try to be polite like if he/she comes and talks to you. Do not try to offend the person, but be very direct. You have the right to tell someone that you don’t want to spend any time with him or her anymore.\\nIf they still won’t leave you alone, make up an excuse such as, \\\"I'm really sorry, I'm late,\\\"\\n3. Continuing to Live Your Life\\n3-1. Don’t let this person change your life dramatically.\\nIt’s not a bad idea to switch up your routine in small ways to avoid seeing this person. However, you shouldn’t constantly be in fear of running into the person. Just because you have a bad relationship doesn’t mean that you should totally change your life around.\\nFor example, it’s not a huge deal to go to the gym an hour earlier or later if you know they will be there at a certain time. However, you shouldn’t have to quit your job or drop a class at school to avoid seeing them.\\n3-2. Feel comfortable in your surroundings.\\nSurround yourself with the people that you do want to spend time with. This person is no longer a part of your life, so move on and don’t let their presence affect you. Have a good time with your friends and be who you are. Do the things that you like to do with the people you like being around.\\nFor example, don’t let your interactions with this person you want to avoid change your personality. Be the bigger person and don't be intimidated.\\n3-3. Move on.\\nAt some point you might have to move on from whatever anger you hold toward this person. Once a certain period of time has passed they will understand that you want nothing to do with them. You should be able to have a civil conversation with the person, especially if you work with them. Don’t spend any more time around them than you have to. However, once the emotions of the situation have calmed down hopefully they can become a much more minor issue in your life.\\nDetermine if this person can reenter your life. If you don't find yourself constantly worrying about the relationship anymore, it might be okay to let this person back into your life slowly. If you were in an intimate relationship with someone and then you got hurt you have to wait until the intimacy has completely faded. Once you don't feel anything for the person anymore maybe you can start interacting with them at public gatherings.\\nTips\\nDo not try to interfere when they speak. Be a patient listener. This will certainly keep both of you at peace and the situation won't be made worse.\\nIf they are continuously bugging you tell them how you feel and why you’re avoiding them. Address the situation honestly.\\nBe polite and stay with your friends. If you live with a mean or annoying person just leave them alone.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Managing relationships is always difficult, and sometimes the best thing to do is to just get away from the person for a period of time. Avoiding someone shouldn’t be a permanent solution and it shouldn’t be a way to avoid addressing a problem with someone. However, if you really need to be away from someone there are certain strategies that can help.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Removing Someone Toxic From Your Life\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Evaluate how necessary it is to remove someone from your life.\", \"描述\": \"Are they only a minor annoyance? If you don't feel like your interactions with this person are greatly affecting your quality of life, then maybe you can take a less dramatic route.\\nIf someone is annoying and you don't want to hang out with them anymore you can just stop answering their calls and talking to them as much. Don't hang out in the same places or talk to them and pretty soon they will get the hint.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tell them you don’t want to interact with them anymore.\", \"描述\": \"This is an incredibly difficult conversation to have and it is inherently hurtful. Try to be as calm about the situation as you can be. Don’t blame the person or get angry, just try to be firm in your decision. Tell them your reason and then leave. Don’t let yourself get drawn into a long discussion - if you are making this decision you should be completely sure before you say anything.\\nYou have the right to tell someone you don’t want to be around them anymore, but don’t expect them to take it well. It’s extremely hard to end friendships gracefully, since there are too many emotions involved.\\nThis is obviously very difficult for a lot of people. However, if you decide it's really important that you don't speak to this person anymore, it's more respectful to tell them in person rather than let the relationship fade out. For example, tell them that you don't think your friendship or relationship is a good fit anymore, and that you would like some space. Tell them that you hope you can be friends down the line, but for now you don't want to talk to them anymore.\\nIf you are avoiding them, perhaps it is because your feelings are out of line. Make sure you don't want to try to repair things with them to make your relationship before cutting ties.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut off lines of communication.\", \"描述\": \"Do not continue to text the person or call them or sit next to them. Once you have made it clear you don’t want to spend time with that person you must follow through on your statement. If you are wishy-washy you will confuse the person and make the process much more difficult. Once again, try to avoid being rude and hateful to the person.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider a court order.\", \"描述\": \"If the person is a real threat to you or the people around you it might be a good idea to consider a restraining order. This is an order that you can get from a court to legally restrict the person from coming near you. This is obviously a very extreme step to take. Only pursue this option if you feel truly threatened and unsafe.\\nThe first step is to file a claim at a local courthouse and review your claim with a judge. They will help you from there.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding a Toxic Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid places where this person is most likely to be.\", \"描述\": \"Where do they hang out? Where do they live? What areas are they most likely to be in? If they are at your school, where do they hang out at breaks? The more you know about the person's whereabouts, the better you can stay away from them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Switch up your routine slightly.\", \"描述\": \"You shouldn’t change your whole life, but if you’re avoiding someone it is probably a tense period of time for both of you. If they always go to the same coffee shop as you, maybe you should check out another coffee shop for a few weeks. Don’t dramatically alter your life, but it might be a good idea to switch up your routine to see less of this person.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ignore the person.\", \"描述\": \"Do not make eye contact with this person. This might make them want to come over and talk to you. If you pass the person on the street it’s perfectly reasonable to act like you haven’t seen them. If you are obviously walking directly past each other, just nod your head at them and keep moving. You don’t need to pretend the other person doesn’t exist, but don’t invite any further interaction.\\nIf you are at a party, acknowledge their presence and find a polite way to leave the conversation. Get busy with other people and try to enjoy yourself the best you can.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid situations where you will be alone with this person.\", \"描述\": \"If this person is your coworker or peer you may be forced to spend time around them. However, you can ensure that you only ever are around them in groups. Don’t stay late working at your office if they are also there. If you are at a party and they are there, stay in rooms with many other people. This will help you avoid having to deal with another confrontation or interaction with the person.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have an escape plan and stay firm.\", \"描述\": \"If you’ve already told the person you don’t want to interact with them anymore and they keep trying to talk to you, think of an escape route. Try to be polite like if he/she comes and talks to you. Do not try to offend the person, but be very direct. You have the right to tell someone that you don’t want to spend any time with him or her anymore.\\nIf they still won’t leave you alone, make up an excuse such as, \\\"I'm really sorry, I'm late,\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continuing to Live Your Life\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t let this person change your life dramatically.\", \"描述\": \"It’s not a bad idea to switch up your routine in small ways to avoid seeing this person. However, you shouldn’t constantly be in fear of running into the person. Just because you have a bad relationship doesn’t mean that you should totally change your life around.\\nFor example, it’s not a huge deal to go to the gym an hour earlier or later if you know they will be there at a certain time. However, you shouldn’t have to quit your job or drop a class at school to avoid seeing them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Feel comfortable in your surroundings.\", \"描述\": \"Surround yourself with the people that you do want to spend time with. This person is no longer a part of your life, so move on and don’t let their presence affect you. Have a good time with your friends and be who you are. Do the things that you like to do with the people you like being around.\\nFor example, don’t let your interactions with this person you want to avoid change your personality. Be the bigger person and don't be intimidated.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Move on.\", \"描述\": \"At some point you might have to move on from whatever anger you hold toward this person. Once a certain period of time has passed they will understand that you want nothing to do with them. You should be able to have a civil conversation with the person, especially if you work with them. Don’t spend any more time around them than you have to. However, once the emotions of the situation have calmed down hopefully they can become a much more minor issue in your life.\\nDetermine if this person can reenter your life. If you don't find yourself constantly worrying about the relationship anymore, it might be okay to let this person back into your life slowly. If you were in an intimate relationship with someone and then you got hurt you have to wait until the intimacy has completely faded. Once you don't feel anything for the person anymore maybe you can start interacting with them at public gatherings.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Do not try to interfere when they speak. Be a patient listener. This will certainly keep both of you at peace and the situation won't be made worse.\\n\", \"If they are continuously bugging you tell them how you feel and why you’re avoiding them. Address the situation honestly.\\n\", \"Be polite and stay with your friends. If you live with a mean or annoying person just leave them alone.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,200 | How to Avoid Someone Trying to Distract You in the Classroom | 1. Ignoring the Distractor
1-1. Be alert.
Make sure your body language communicates that you’re focused and ready to learn. Lean slightly forward and keep your head up so you can see the teacher. A distracting person isn’t likely to talk to you if you look unavailable.
Try not to look bored so you don’t invite conversation.
1-2. Shut yourself off.
Position your body away from the distractor so that they will not feel as comfortable talking to you. Keep your eyes toward the front of the classroom and your chest pointed away from them. Practice negative body language to communicate that you don’t want to listen to them.
Try sitting closer to the front of the classroom, where the teacher will be closest to you and everyone else will be behind you.
You want to make yourself appear physically cold to the person trying to distract you.
1-3. Don’t engage with the distractor.
Even if the person trying to distract you gets offended that you’re shutting them out, don’t acknowledge them. If they take your indifference personally, they may lash out at you. Don’t react to their outburst.
Make it clear to your teacher that you’re not involved in their outburst. You don’t want to get in trouble for disrupting the class.
1-4. Participate in class.
No one will have a chance to distract you if you’re constantly active in class discussions. Focus your attention completely on the class lecture and raise your hand to answer every question the teacher asks.
If the person distracting you is doing so by sending you texts, set your phone to airplane mode so your device won't bother you.
1-5. Take notes in class.
Keep a notebook handy. Every time another student tries to get your attention, act like you’re busy writing notes. When your eyes aren’t on your teacher, keep them buried in your notebook.
Be sure to look up from time to time, you don’t want your teacher to think you’re doodling.
1-6. Ask to move seats.
Let your teacher know that you’re having trouble focusing in your current seat and ask if you can change seats away from your distractor. If there are no seats available, you can ask another student if they don’t mind switching with you.
Get close to the teacher. The closer you are to the front of the class, the easier it will be for you to pay attention.
If the distractor is your friend outside of class, you may not want to get them in trouble. Give your teacher an excuse why you need a new seat. Say “I’m having trouble hearing the lecture, would you mind if I moved closer to the front of class?”
2. Communicating with the Distractor
2-1. Start a conversation.
Wait till class is over and strike up a conversation with the person that’s distracting you. Try not to be confrontational. Rather, approach them in a friendly way so they’ll be more likely to listen to you. Calmly let them know that they’re disrupting your attention in the classroom.
Remember to always call out the behavior and not the person. Make sure they know you have nothing personal against them.
A good way to start off the conversation is with flattery. You can say something like “Your jokes are always so funny and I love to hear them when we’re not in class.”
2-2. Get to the point.
Be clear about your boundaries. Let the distractor know that you need to give your studies your full attention. Tell them that even if they don’t mean to, they’re affecting your ability to concentrate in class and you need them to stop.
Give specific examples of when they distracted you. Say something like: “Last Monday when you were trying to show me your new shoes in class, I had a really hard time listening to the lesson.”
Be cool. Speaking in a calm tone will be more effective towards getting the behavior to stop.
2-3. Request feedback.
You don’t want your conversation to become a lecture. You also want to get clarification that the distractor understands your point. After you’ve made your point clear, ask your classmate how they feel about the situation and be sure to listen closely.
Watch their body language. If they have a harsh stare or are avoiding eye contact, they’re likely getting defensive and not listening to you.
Be understanding. Maybe the person didn’t realize they were bothering you and was only trying to be your friend.
2-4. Change your perspective.
Give your distractor the benefit of the doubt and try to see the world from their viewpoint. They may be a very social person who has trouble paying attention in class. They might even need your help learning to stay on task.
If the distractor is your friend, they may just need some extra attention. Give them a hug or take some time away from class to listen to them vent.
Tips
Drink plenty of water and get enough sleep at night to help your brain function well enough to ignore distractions.
Don’t send mixed signals. Don’t pay any attention to the distractor in class. For example, if you laugh at their jokes, they may think it’s okay to pester you with them all the time.
Talk to your teacher privately so she doesn’t think you’re the one disrupting class.
Warnings
If your distractor is a bully, let the teacher know immediately to rectify the situation.
Firmly let your distractor know that you need to pay attention in class but do it nicely. Your distractor will be more likely to comply if you're friendly.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Ignoring the Distractor\\n1-1. Be alert.\\nMake sure your body language communicates that you’re focused and ready to learn. Lean slightly forward and keep your head up so you can see the teacher. A distracting person isn’t likely to talk to you if you look unavailable.\\nTry not to look bored so you don’t invite conversation.\\n1-2. Shut yourself off.\\nPosition your body away from the distractor so that they will not feel as comfortable talking to you. Keep your eyes toward the front of the classroom and your chest pointed away from them. Practice negative body language to communicate that you don’t want to listen to them.\\nTry sitting closer to the front of the classroom, where the teacher will be closest to you and everyone else will be behind you.\\nYou want to make yourself appear physically cold to the person trying to distract you.\\n1-3. Don’t engage with the distractor.\\nEven if the person trying to distract you gets offended that you’re shutting them out, don’t acknowledge them. If they take your indifference personally, they may lash out at you. Don’t react to their outburst.\\nMake it clear to your teacher that you’re not involved in their outburst. You don’t want to get in trouble for disrupting the class.\\n1-4. Participate in class.\\nNo one will have a chance to distract you if you’re constantly active in class discussions. Focus your attention completely on the class lecture and raise your hand to answer every question the teacher asks.\\nIf the person distracting you is doing so by sending you texts, set your phone to airplane mode so your device won't bother you.\\n1-5. Take notes in class.\\nKeep a notebook handy. Every time another student tries to get your attention, act like you’re busy writing notes. When your eyes aren’t on your teacher, keep them buried in your notebook.\\nBe sure to look up from time to time, you don’t want your teacher to think you’re doodling.\\n1-6. Ask to move seats.\\nLet your teacher know that you’re having trouble focusing in your current seat and ask if you can change seats away from your distractor. If there are no seats available, you can ask another student if they don’t mind switching with you.\\nGet close to the teacher. The closer you are to the front of the class, the easier it will be for you to pay attention.\\nIf the distractor is your friend outside of class, you may not want to get them in trouble. Give your teacher an excuse why you need a new seat. Say “I’m having trouble hearing the lecture, would you mind if I moved closer to the front of class?”\\n2. Communicating with the Distractor\\n2-1. Start a conversation.\\nWait till class is over and strike up a conversation with the person that’s distracting you. Try not to be confrontational. Rather, approach them in a friendly way so they’ll be more likely to listen to you. Calmly let them know that they’re disrupting your attention in the classroom.\\nRemember to always call out the behavior and not the person. Make sure they know you have nothing personal against them.\\nA good way to start off the conversation is with flattery. You can say something like “Your jokes are always so funny and I love to hear them when we’re not in class.”\\n2-2. Get to the point.\\nBe clear about your boundaries. Let the distractor know that you need to give your studies your full attention. Tell them that even if they don’t mean to, they’re affecting your ability to concentrate in class and you need them to stop.\\nGive specific examples of when they distracted you. Say something like: “Last Monday when you were trying to show me your new shoes in class, I had a really hard time listening to the lesson.”\\nBe cool. Speaking in a calm tone will be more effective towards getting the behavior to stop.\\n2-3. Request feedback.\\nYou don’t want your conversation to become a lecture. You also want to get clarification that the distractor understands your point. After you’ve made your point clear, ask your classmate how they feel about the situation and be sure to listen closely.\\nWatch their body language. If they have a harsh stare or are avoiding eye contact, they’re likely getting defensive and not listening to you.\\nBe understanding. Maybe the person didn’t realize they were bothering you and was only trying to be your friend.\\n2-4. Change your perspective.\\nGive your distractor the benefit of the doubt and try to see the world from their viewpoint. They may be a very social person who has trouble paying attention in class. They might even need your help learning to stay on task.\\nIf the distractor is your friend, they may just need some extra attention. Give them a hug or take some time away from class to listen to them vent.\\nTips\\nDrink plenty of water and get enough sleep at night to help your brain function well enough to ignore distractions.\\nDon’t send mixed signals. Don’t pay any attention to the distractor in class. For example, if you laugh at their jokes, they may think it’s okay to pester you with them all the time.\\nTalk to your teacher privately so she doesn’t think you’re the one disrupting class.\\nWarnings\\nIf your distractor is a bully, let the teacher know immediately to rectify the situation.\\nFirmly let your distractor know that you need to pay attention in class but do it nicely. Your distractor will be more likely to comply if you're friendly.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Getting good grades in school is really important. You want to learn everything you can to help you become a successful adult. However, some people don’t share your enthusiasm for school and will unknowingly distract you from your studies. Learn to maintain focus no matter what so you can get the best out of your education.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ignoring the Distractor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be alert.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure your body language communicates that you’re focused and ready to learn. Lean slightly forward and keep your head up so you can see the teacher. A distracting person isn’t likely to talk to you if you look unavailable.\\nTry not to look bored so you don’t invite conversation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Shut yourself off.\", \"描述\": \"Position your body away from the distractor so that they will not feel as comfortable talking to you. Keep your eyes toward the front of the classroom and your chest pointed away from them. Practice negative body language to communicate that you don’t want to listen to them.\\nTry sitting closer to the front of the classroom, where the teacher will be closest to you and everyone else will be behind you.\\nYou want to make yourself appear physically cold to the person trying to distract you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t engage with the distractor.\", \"描述\": \"Even if the person trying to distract you gets offended that you’re shutting them out, don’t acknowledge them. If they take your indifference personally, they may lash out at you. Don’t react to their outburst.\\nMake it clear to your teacher that you’re not involved in their outburst. You don’t want to get in trouble for disrupting the class.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Participate in class.\", \"描述\": \"No one will have a chance to distract you if you’re constantly active in class discussions. Focus your attention completely on the class lecture and raise your hand to answer every question the teacher asks.\\nIf the person distracting you is doing so by sending you texts, set your phone to airplane mode so your device won't bother you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take notes in class.\", \"描述\": \"Keep a notebook handy. Every time another student tries to get your attention, act like you’re busy writing notes. When your eyes aren’t on your teacher, keep them buried in your notebook.\\nBe sure to look up from time to time, you don’t want your teacher to think you’re doodling.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Ask to move seats.\", \"描述\": \"Let your teacher know that you’re having trouble focusing in your current seat and ask if you can change seats away from your distractor. If there are no seats available, you can ask another student if they don’t mind switching with you.\\nGet close to the teacher. The closer you are to the front of the class, the easier it will be for you to pay attention.\\nIf the distractor is your friend outside of class, you may not want to get them in trouble. Give your teacher an excuse why you need a new seat. Say “I’m having trouble hearing the lecture, would you mind if I moved closer to the front of class?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Communicating with the Distractor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start a conversation.\", \"描述\": \"Wait till class is over and strike up a conversation with the person that’s distracting you. Try not to be confrontational. Rather, approach them in a friendly way so they’ll be more likely to listen to you. Calmly let them know that they’re disrupting your attention in the classroom.\\nRemember to always call out the behavior and not the person. Make sure they know you have nothing personal against them.\\nA good way to start off the conversation is with flattery. You can say something like “Your jokes are always so funny and I love to hear them when we’re not in class.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get to the point.\", \"描述\": \"Be clear about your boundaries. Let the distractor know that you need to give your studies your full attention. Tell them that even if they don’t mean to, they’re affecting your ability to concentrate in class and you need them to stop.\\nGive specific examples of when they distracted you. Say something like: “Last Monday when you were trying to show me your new shoes in class, I had a really hard time listening to the lesson.”\\nBe cool. Speaking in a calm tone will be more effective towards getting the behavior to stop.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Request feedback.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t want your conversation to become a lecture. You also want to get clarification that the distractor understands your point. After you’ve made your point clear, ask your classmate how they feel about the situation and be sure to listen closely.\\nWatch their body language. If they have a harsh stare or are avoiding eye contact, they’re likely getting defensive and not listening to you.\\nBe understanding. Maybe the person didn’t realize they were bothering you and was only trying to be your friend.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Change your perspective.\", \"描述\": \"Give your distractor the benefit of the doubt and try to see the world from their viewpoint. They may be a very social person who has trouble paying attention in class. They might even need your help learning to stay on task.\\nIf the distractor is your friend, they may just need some extra attention. Give them a hug or take some time away from class to listen to them vent.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Drink plenty of water and get enough sleep at night to help your brain function well enough to ignore distractions.\\n\", \"Don’t send mixed signals. Don’t pay any attention to the distractor in class. For example, if you laugh at their jokes, they may think it’s okay to pester you with them all the time.\\n\", \"Talk to your teacher privately so she doesn’t think you’re the one disrupting class.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If your distractor is a bully, let the teacher know immediately to rectify the situation.\\n\", \"Firmly let your distractor know that you need to pay attention in class but do it nicely. Your distractor will be more likely to comply if you're friendly.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,201 | How to Avoid Someone You Are Attracted to | 1. Steer clear of unnecessary interactions.
Go out of your way to prevent bumping into the person.
This might seem pretty obvious, but it can also be challenging if you don't consciously think about it. You might not be able to totally stay away if you work or go to school with this person, but you can take extra steps to make sure you don’t see them unless you have to.
It can be really challenging to switch things up, especially when you're doing it for an emotional reason. Remember to be patient with yourself and start by doing what you can.
This could mean changing up where you grab lunch or your morning coffee.
If you used to bump into them while walking your dog, consider taking an alternate route.
2. Change up your routine.
Switch up your schedule so that you don't see them.
In addition to trying out new places, you can start doing things at different times of the day. This is a great way to avoid them knowing what you're up to and popping in to say hi. Pick a couple of changes to make that won't make you feel too off-balance. This might feel really difficult, or even sad, but you can do it.
For example, if you used to work out at night, try hitting the gym or going for a run in the morning.
It might seem like a pain to have to change your habits, but it’s probably one of the most effective ways to keep them out of sight.
3. Mute them on social media.
Avoid seeing their posts.
If you keep seeing fun pics of them pop up, it might weaken your resistance. It might also make you feel a wave of emotions that you'd rather avoid, which is totally normal. To steer clear of the temptation to scroll through their photos or even show up to the spot where they are, set them to mute on your social media accounts.
If you want, you can unfriend them or stop following them. But if you’re worried that might invite questions or draw attention to yourself, the mute option is your best bet. You’ll stop seeing their posts but don’t have to stop being friends on social altogether.
4. Set clear boundaries with your crush.
Don't flirt with them or touch them.
If they are also attracted to you, it can be even harder to not act on your feelings. This can be especially tricky if you can’t totally avoid them. Make it clear with your words and actions that you’re not interested in pursuing things, even if that feels really hard.
Resist the urge to flirt even if they initiate it. Even if they start complimenting you and acting interested, resist the urge to reciprocate. If you work with them, say something like, “I’m trying to stay professional. Thanks for respecting that.”
Avoid physical contact. Don’t casually touch them if you do run into each other. That can send the signal that you’re interested in them.
It can be super tough to resist these urges, so don’t beat yourself up if you slip. Just try to get yourself back on track with a pep talk.
5. Focus on other aspects of your life.
Distract yourself from your crush by doing things you enjoy.
Take up a new hobby or revisit an old one. You could also take your mind off of your feelings by taking on an extra project at work if you feel up to it.
Try something new like taking tennis lessons or going to a painting class. This will engage your mind and give you something to do with your time.
You could also spend time on projects you’ve been wanting to tackle, like cleaning out your closets. Even though you're going through something tough, there can be benefits to this time.
6. Spend time with your friends and family.
Make an effort to connect with your loved ones.
It will be fun and keep your mind off of your feelings. Just make sure to try to avoid places that you know the person you’re avoiding is likely to be.
Ask your best friend to take that road trip the two of you have been talking about forever.
See if your mom wants to start taking a long hike with you on the weekends.
7. Talk to someone you trust about your feelings.
Reach out to a good friend for empathy.
It can be hard to be attracted to a person that you know you can’t be (or shouldn’t be) with. It could help you to process your emotions if you work through them with a good friend. They might be able to offer some insight and can probably offer you some much-needed support.
Try saying, “Hey, I’m realizing I have feelings for Jamie. I don’t think it’s something I want to pursue, but I’m having trouble dealing with my attraction. Can you talk it out with me?”
Make sure to choose someone that you can trust not to share your feelings with anyone else.
8. Write down the emotional consequences of dating.
Remind yourself of what could happen.
This can be emotionally tricky, so be patient with yourself during this process. If you’re trying to avoid someone you like, it might be because you know it’s not a good idea to be with them. Make a list of the reasons you know you shouldn't be together. It might help to see it in writing. When you need to talk yourself into staying away from them, remind yourself that you might get hurt if you pursue things.
For example, you could tell yourself, “If I start seeing Taylor, it would really hurt Sam’s feelings. It hasn’t been very long since they broke up. I don't want to deal with that.”
Or you might think, “Last time I tried dating Whitney, they hurt my feelings a lot. I felt bad about myself, and I don’t want to feel that way again.”
Weigh the cons realistically. If you are attracted to someone that is off-limits, think about how being with them could harm your career, friendships, or family.
If you or the other person is already in a relationship, remind yourself of that every time you are tempted to see them.
9. Avoid dwelling on the object of your attraction.
Look for ways to redirect your thoughts.
Processing your emotions is really important, but there's a fine line between thinking things through and obsessing. It's normal if you're doing the latter, but try to break that habit of thinking of them all day so that you can move on. When you catch yourself thinking of them, acknowledge your thought, and then send it away.
Think to yourself, "Okay, I'm thinking about Jaime. I'm going to shift my thoughts and think about game night with my friends instead."
Try giving yourself a time limit. Tell yourself that you will think about them for 5 minutes and then you'll move on. Set a timer on your phone so you stick to it.
10. List the qualities you like in the person.
When you're ready to date, look for someone that has those qualities.
Even though you can't be with this person, it doesn't mean that they don't have some great traits that you love. Think through why you are attracted to them and make a note of those attributes. Make these a priority when you're searching for someone new.
For example, maybe they were really kind to your pets. Make "animal lover" a non-negotiable when you start dating.
If you admired their work ethic, focus on finding someone new with that same quality.
11. Cut off contact if you need to.
Walk away from the situation if you can.
This might feel nearly impossible, and that's understandable. You're in a really tough situation. If you've tried to shift your thoughts and set boundaries, good for you. But sometimes you might just need to cut off contact completely, even though that can be really tough. Don't answer their calls, texts, or social media messages.
This can be super tough, so make sure to be kind to yourself. You can also lean on your friends when you need to.
12. Ask yourself if your current relationship is working.
Evaluate if your needs are being filled.
Sometimes people develop a crush on someone very different from the person that they are currently with. That could mean that you are seeking change in your own relationship. Evaluate what attracts you to the person and then think about if that is a quality you’re missing in your partner.
For example, maybe you’re attracted to someone because they share your love of music. Ask your partner if they’re willing to go to some more concerts with you. That might fill your need and cause your feelings for your crush to cool down.
This might be pretty emotional. Tell yourself it's okay to feel whatever emotions you're dealing with.
13. See a therapist if you are having trouble coping.
Make an appointment to talk to someone.
It can be really tough to deal with intense feelings towards someone, especially if you don’t feel like you can act on them. If this is causing you to feel depressed or causing you anxiety, seek professional help. They can help you figure out a healthy way to deal with the situation.
Try not to be nervous if it's your first time seeking counseling. It can feel awkward at first, but you're doing a great job of prioritizing your mental health.
Tips
Try telling yourself all of the things you dislike about the person. That might motivate you to stay away from them.
Be patient with yourself. This can be a tough situation to deal with, so give yourself grace.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steer clear of unnecessary interactions.\\nGo out of your way to prevent bumping into the person.\\nThis might seem pretty obvious, but it can also be challenging if you don't consciously think about it. You might not be able to totally stay away if you work or go to school with this person, but you can take extra steps to make sure you don’t see them unless you have to.\\nIt can be really challenging to switch things up, especially when you're doing it for an emotional reason. Remember to be patient with yourself and start by doing what you can.\\nThis could mean changing up where you grab lunch or your morning coffee.\\nIf you used to bump into them while walking your dog, consider taking an alternate route.\\n2. Change up your routine.\\nSwitch up your schedule so that you don't see them.\\nIn addition to trying out new places, you can start doing things at different times of the day. This is a great way to avoid them knowing what you're up to and popping in to say hi. Pick a couple of changes to make that won't make you feel too off-balance. This might feel really difficult, or even sad, but you can do it.\\nFor example, if you used to work out at night, try hitting the gym or going for a run in the morning.\\nIt might seem like a pain to have to change your habits, but it’s probably one of the most effective ways to keep them out of sight.\\n3. Mute them on social media.\\nAvoid seeing their posts.\\nIf you keep seeing fun pics of them pop up, it might weaken your resistance. It might also make you feel a wave of emotions that you'd rather avoid, which is totally normal. To steer clear of the temptation to scroll through their photos or even show up to the spot where they are, set them to mute on your social media accounts.\\nIf you want, you can unfriend them or stop following them. But if you’re worried that might invite questions or draw attention to yourself, the mute option is your best bet. You’ll stop seeing their posts but don’t have to stop being friends on social altogether.\\n4. Set clear boundaries with your crush.\\nDon't flirt with them or touch them.\\nIf they are also attracted to you, it can be even harder to not act on your feelings. This can be especially tricky if you can’t totally avoid them. Make it clear with your words and actions that you’re not interested in pursuing things, even if that feels really hard.\\nResist the urge to flirt even if they initiate it. Even if they start complimenting you and acting interested, resist the urge to reciprocate. If you work with them, say something like, “I’m trying to stay professional. Thanks for respecting that.”\\nAvoid physical contact. Don’t casually touch them if you do run into each other. That can send the signal that you’re interested in them.\\nIt can be super tough to resist these urges, so don’t beat yourself up if you slip. Just try to get yourself back on track with a pep talk.\\n5. Focus on other aspects of your life.\\nDistract yourself from your crush by doing things you enjoy.\\nTake up a new hobby or revisit an old one. You could also take your mind off of your feelings by taking on an extra project at work if you feel up to it.\\nTry something new like taking tennis lessons or going to a painting class. This will engage your mind and give you something to do with your time.\\nYou could also spend time on projects you’ve been wanting to tackle, like cleaning out your closets. Even though you're going through something tough, there can be benefits to this time.\\n6. Spend time with your friends and family.\\nMake an effort to connect with your loved ones.\\nIt will be fun and keep your mind off of your feelings. Just make sure to try to avoid places that you know the person you’re avoiding is likely to be.\\nAsk your best friend to take that road trip the two of you have been talking about forever.\\nSee if your mom wants to start taking a long hike with you on the weekends.\\n7. Talk to someone you trust about your feelings.\\nReach out to a good friend for empathy.\\nIt can be hard to be attracted to a person that you know you can’t be (or shouldn’t be) with. It could help you to process your emotions if you work through them with a good friend. They might be able to offer some insight and can probably offer you some much-needed support.\\nTry saying, “Hey, I’m realizing I have feelings for Jamie. I don’t think it’s something I want to pursue, but I’m having trouble dealing with my attraction. Can you talk it out with me?”\\nMake sure to choose someone that you can trust not to share your feelings with anyone else.\\n8. Write down the emotional consequences of dating.\\nRemind yourself of what could happen.\\nThis can be emotionally tricky, so be patient with yourself during this process. If you’re trying to avoid someone you like, it might be because you know it’s not a good idea to be with them. Make a list of the reasons you know you shouldn't be together. It might help to see it in writing. When you need to talk yourself into staying away from them, remind yourself that you might get hurt if you pursue things.\\nFor example, you could tell yourself, “If I start seeing Taylor, it would really hurt Sam’s feelings. It hasn’t been very long since they broke up. I don't want to deal with that.”\\nOr you might think, “Last time I tried dating Whitney, they hurt my feelings a lot. I felt bad about myself, and I don’t want to feel that way again.”\\nWeigh the cons realistically. If you are attracted to someone that is off-limits, think about how being with them could harm your career, friendships, or family.\\nIf you or the other person is already in a relationship, remind yourself of that every time you are tempted to see them.\\n9. Avoid dwelling on the object of your attraction.\\nLook for ways to redirect your thoughts.\\nProcessing your emotions is really important, but there's a fine line between thinking things through and obsessing. It's normal if you're doing the latter, but try to break that habit of thinking of them all day so that you can move on. When you catch yourself thinking of them, acknowledge your thought, and then send it away.\\nThink to yourself, \\\"Okay, I'm thinking about Jaime. I'm going to shift my thoughts and think about game night with my friends instead.\\\"\\nTry giving yourself a time limit. Tell yourself that you will think about them for 5 minutes and then you'll move on. Set a timer on your phone so you stick to it.\\n10. List the qualities you like in the person.\\nWhen you're ready to date, look for someone that has those qualities.\\nEven though you can't be with this person, it doesn't mean that they don't have some great traits that you love. Think through why you are attracted to them and make a note of those attributes. Make these a priority when you're searching for someone new.\\nFor example, maybe they were really kind to your pets. Make \\\"animal lover\\\" a non-negotiable when you start dating.\\nIf you admired their work ethic, focus on finding someone new with that same quality.\\n11. Cut off contact if you need to.\\nWalk away from the situation if you can.\\nThis might feel nearly impossible, and that's understandable. You're in a really tough situation. If you've tried to shift your thoughts and set boundaries, good for you. But sometimes you might just need to cut off contact completely, even though that can be really tough. Don't answer their calls, texts, or social media messages.\\nThis can be super tough, so make sure to be kind to yourself. You can also lean on your friends when you need to.\\n12. Ask yourself if your current relationship is working.\\nEvaluate if your needs are being filled.\\nSometimes people develop a crush on someone very different from the person that they are currently with. That could mean that you are seeking change in your own relationship. Evaluate what attracts you to the person and then think about if that is a quality you’re missing in your partner.\\nFor example, maybe you’re attracted to someone because they share your love of music. Ask your partner if they’re willing to go to some more concerts with you. That might fill your need and cause your feelings for your crush to cool down.\\nThis might be pretty emotional. Tell yourself it's okay to feel whatever emotions you're dealing with.\\n13. See a therapist if you are having trouble coping.\\nMake an appointment to talk to someone.\\nIt can be really tough to deal with intense feelings towards someone, especially if you don’t feel like you can act on them. If this is causing you to feel depressed or causing you anxiety, seek professional help. They can help you figure out a healthy way to deal with the situation.\\nTry not to be nervous if it's your first time seeking counseling. It can feel awkward at first, but you're doing a great job of prioritizing your mental health.\\nTips\\nTry telling yourself all of the things you dislike about the person. That might motivate you to stay away from them.\\nBe patient with yourself. This can be a tough situation to deal with, so give yourself grace.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are a lot of good reasons you might want to avoid someone that you’re attracted to. Maybe they are in a relationship, maybe you are in a relationship, or perhaps the person is a co-worker. You might just want to avoid someone you like because you know that they are not good for you. Whatever your reason, there are steps you can take to manage your crush in a healthy way. Keep reading for some helpful advice!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steer clear of unnecessary interactions.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go out of your way to prevent bumping into the person.\", \"描述\": \"This might seem pretty obvious, but it can also be challenging if you don't consciously think about it. You might not be able to totally stay away if you work or go to school with this person, but you can take extra steps to make sure you don’t see them unless you have to.\\nIt can be really challenging to switch things up, especially when you're doing it for an emotional reason. Remember to be patient with yourself and start by doing what you can.\\nThis could mean changing up where you grab lunch or your morning coffee.\\nIf you used to bump into them while walking your dog, consider taking an alternate route.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Change up your routine.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Switch up your schedule so that you don't see them.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to trying out new places, you can start doing things at different times of the day. This is a great way to avoid them knowing what you're up to and popping in to say hi. Pick a couple of changes to make that won't make you feel too off-balance. This might feel really difficult, or even sad, but you can do it.\\nFor example, if you used to work out at night, try hitting the gym or going for a run in the morning.\\nIt might seem like a pain to have to change your habits, but it’s probably one of the most effective ways to keep them out of sight.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mute them on social media.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid seeing their posts.\", \"描述\": \"If you keep seeing fun pics of them pop up, it might weaken your resistance. It might also make you feel a wave of emotions that you'd rather avoid, which is totally normal. To steer clear of the temptation to scroll through their photos or even show up to the spot where they are, set them to mute on your social media accounts.\\nIf you want, you can unfriend them or stop following them. But if you’re worried that might invite questions or draw attention to yourself, the mute option is your best bet. You’ll stop seeing their posts but don’t have to stop being friends on social altogether.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set clear boundaries with your crush.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't flirt with them or touch them.\", \"描述\": \"If they are also attracted to you, it can be even harder to not act on your feelings. This can be especially tricky if you can’t totally avoid them. Make it clear with your words and actions that you’re not interested in pursuing things, even if that feels really hard.\\nResist the urge to flirt even if they initiate it. Even if they start complimenting you and acting interested, resist the urge to reciprocate. If you work with them, say something like, “I’m trying to stay professional. Thanks for respecting that.”\\nAvoid physical contact. Don’t casually touch them if you do run into each other. That can send the signal that you’re interested in them.\\nIt can be super tough to resist these urges, so don’t beat yourself up if you slip. Just try to get yourself back on track with a pep talk.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Focus on other aspects of your life.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Distract yourself from your crush by doing things you enjoy.\", \"描述\": \"Take up a new hobby or revisit an old one. You could also take your mind off of your feelings by taking on an extra project at work if you feel up to it.\\nTry something new like taking tennis lessons or going to a painting class. This will engage your mind and give you something to do with your time.\\nYou could also spend time on projects you’ve been wanting to tackle, like cleaning out your closets. Even though you're going through something tough, there can be benefits to this time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Spend time with your friends and family.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make an effort to connect with your loved ones.\", \"描述\": \"It will be fun and keep your mind off of your feelings. Just make sure to try to avoid places that you know the person you’re avoiding is likely to be.\\nAsk your best friend to take that road trip the two of you have been talking about forever.\\nSee if your mom wants to start taking a long hike with you on the weekends.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Talk to someone you trust about your feelings.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Reach out to a good friend for empathy.\", \"描述\": \"It can be hard to be attracted to a person that you know you can’t be (or shouldn’t be) with. It could help you to process your emotions if you work through them with a good friend. They might be able to offer some insight and can probably offer you some much-needed support.\\nTry saying, “Hey, I’m realizing I have feelings for Jamie. I don’t think it’s something I want to pursue, but I’m having trouble dealing with my attraction. Can you talk it out with me?”\\nMake sure to choose someone that you can trust not to share your feelings with anyone else.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Write down the emotional consequences of dating.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remind yourself of what could happen.\", \"描述\": \"This can be emotionally tricky, so be patient with yourself during this process. If you’re trying to avoid someone you like, it might be because you know it’s not a good idea to be with them. Make a list of the reasons you know you shouldn't be together. It might help to see it in writing. When you need to talk yourself into staying away from them, remind yourself that you might get hurt if you pursue things.\\nFor example, you could tell yourself, “If I start seeing Taylor, it would really hurt Sam’s feelings. It hasn’t been very long since they broke up. I don't want to deal with that.”\\nOr you might think, “Last time I tried dating Whitney, they hurt my feelings a lot. I felt bad about myself, and I don’t want to feel that way again.”\\nWeigh the cons realistically. If you are attracted to someone that is off-limits, think about how being with them could harm your career, friendships, or family.\\nIf you or the other person is already in a relationship, remind yourself of that every time you are tempted to see them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Avoid dwelling on the object of your attraction.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for ways to redirect your thoughts.\", \"描述\": \"Processing your emotions is really important, but there's a fine line between thinking things through and obsessing. It's normal if you're doing the latter, but try to break that habit of thinking of them all day so that you can move on. When you catch yourself thinking of them, acknowledge your thought, and then send it away.\\nThink to yourself, \\\"Okay, I'm thinking about Jaime. I'm going to shift my thoughts and think about game night with my friends instead.\\\"\\nTry giving yourself a time limit. Tell yourself that you will think about them for 5 minutes and then you'll move on. Set a timer on your phone so you stick to it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"List the qualities you like in the person.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"When you're ready to date, look for someone that has those qualities.\", \"描述\": \"Even though you can't be with this person, it doesn't mean that they don't have some great traits that you love. Think through why you are attracted to them and make a note of those attributes. Make these a priority when you're searching for someone new.\\nFor example, maybe they were really kind to your pets. Make \\\"animal lover\\\" a non-negotiable when you start dating.\\nIf you admired their work ethic, focus on finding someone new with that same quality.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Cut off contact if you need to.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Walk away from the situation if you can.\", \"描述\": \"This might feel nearly impossible, and that's understandable. You're in a really tough situation. If you've tried to shift your thoughts and set boundaries, good for you. But sometimes you might just need to cut off contact completely, even though that can be really tough. Don't answer their calls, texts, or social media messages.\\nThis can be super tough, so make sure to be kind to yourself. You can also lean on your friends when you need to.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Ask yourself if your current relationship is working.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Evaluate if your needs are being filled.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes people develop a crush on someone very different from the person that they are currently with. That could mean that you are seeking change in your own relationship. Evaluate what attracts you to the person and then think about if that is a quality you’re missing in your partner.\\nFor example, maybe you’re attracted to someone because they share your love of music. Ask your partner if they’re willing to go to some more concerts with you. That might fill your need and cause your feelings for your crush to cool down.\\nThis might be pretty emotional. Tell yourself it's okay to feel whatever emotions you're dealing with.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"See a therapist if you are having trouble coping.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make an appointment to talk to someone.\", \"描述\": \"It can be really tough to deal with intense feelings towards someone, especially if you don’t feel like you can act on them. If this is causing you to feel depressed or causing you anxiety, seek professional help. They can help you figure out a healthy way to deal with the situation.\\nTry not to be nervous if it's your first time seeking counseling. It can feel awkward at first, but you're doing a great job of prioritizing your mental health.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try telling yourself all of the things you dislike about the person. That might motivate you to stay away from them.\\n\", \"Be patient with yourself. This can be a tough situation to deal with, so give yourself grace.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,202 | How to Avoid Someone You Love | 1. Minimizing Potential Contact
1-1. Try to stay away from places they're likely to visit.
You probably have a good idea of what the person you love likes to do and where they often go. Use this information to avoid spots where you're more likely to run into them, such as grocery stores near their house, their gym, or their favorite restaurants.
For example, if you know they visit Chinese restaurants often or study at the local library, try ordering your Chinese food or studying at a coffee shop instead.
If there are places that you have to go where they might be, try to go at times where the person is less likely to be there too.
1-2. Hide the person on social media so you don't see their posts.
Even if you try to avoid the person in real life, it can be hard to truly get away from them with social media showing you what they're doing all the time. Hide their profile so you can't see it, or unfollow them to clear your feed of their posts.
Facebook lets you hide a person's post when they show up in your newsfeed, and you can also unfriend or block people.
Try unfollowing the person on Instagram or Twitter so that their posts don't show up for you to read.
1-3. Be upfront and tell the person you need space.
Sometimes telling the person directly that you need to cut ties with them is the best way to go, and it reduces a lot of stress and anxiety related to avoiding someone. Tell the person politely that you need space and would prefer that they don't contact you in the foreseeable future.
For example, tell the person, "I'd really appreciate it if we could give each other some space and not interact for awhile while I work through some things."
1-4. Block them so they can't contact you, if necessary.
In extreme cases, it might be easier to block the person on your phone and social media so that they can't talk to you at all, and you can't talk to them. Your phone allows you to block phone numbers so that they can't call or text you, as do most social media sites.
This works well if you don't have the willpower not to try talking to them.
You're usually able to unblock the person later on, if desired.
2. Ignoring Them in Person
2-1. Stay as far away from them as you can if you see them in person.
If you see the person you're trying to avoid, it's best to put as much distance between the two of you as possible. If you're inside a room, like a restaurant or office, try going to the opposite end of the room.
If you're outside, you have a lot more space to maneuver your way away from them.
If you see the person at school, walk to a different end of the hallway or sit at a desk on the opposite side of the room.
If you see the person while you're at work, walk to a different room if possible, or look down if you're sitting at your desk so they can't see you as well.
2-2. Shift your gaze so you're not looking at them.
While it's okay to glance at the person every now and then to see where they are, don't stare or make eye contact with them. By ensuring that you're never spotted looking their direction, you're less likely to have to interact with them.
Focus on what you're doing and try to avoid thinking about them so that you don't even have to worry about accidentally looking at them.
2-3. Start up a conversation
This not only helps distract you from the person you're trying to avoid, but it also makes you appear busy. If there's someone standing near you, try starting up a simple, polite conversation with them for a couple of minutes.
If you're talking with another person, the person you're trying to avoid is less likely to come interrupt you.
2-4. Leave calmly if you notice the person walking over to you.
If you see the person you're trying to avoid coming over to you and you really don't want to interact with them, walk across the room in the opposite direction or leave entirely. Do it calmly and without making a big deal out of it.
2-5. Give a concise, neutral response if they talk to you.
If you tried your best to avoid them but you just weren't successful, be polite. You don't need to start up a long, detailed conversation with them, but you can shut down the conversation quickly and politely by answering with 1-word answers or politely nodding your head.
If you want to continue talking to the person but know it's a bad idea, it's especially important to remind yourself to give neutral, short replies.
For example, if the person asks you how you're doing, just say, "I'm doing well, thanks."
3. Changing Your Mindset
3-1. Practice moving on and being in the present.
Whenever you catch yourself reflecting on the past or thinking about the person you're trying to avoid, refocus and think about your present and future. This will help motivate you to move on and set new goals for yourself.
Set goals such as getting in shape, learning a new skill, or advancing in your career.
Think about the things that are currently going well in your life, such as your job, social life, academics, or personal health.
3-2. Focus on the person's negative characteristics when you think about them.
When you love someone, it's easy to only think about their positive attributes, or the qualities that you love about them. By reminding yourself that they have flaws, it'll help shift your outlook and make it easier for you to stay away from them.
For example, the person may be very kind, but maybe they also are always showing up late, have trouble keeping promises, or are a bit lazy.
Reflecting on what you didn't like about the relationship can also help you avoid those things in the future.
3-3. Put yourself first.
Put aside any thoughts you have about the person you love and are trying to avoid, and instead start focusing on yourself. Evaluate your own needs and spend some time reflecting on how you can make yourself happier, healthier, and more content.
Set aside time each day just for you, whether it's through reading each morning, doing yoga, or reflecting in a journal.
Try out a new activity like boxing, cooking, or swimming.
3-4. Stay busy through distractions.
Try to fill your time with activities and goals, no matter how big or small. The busier you are, the less time you'll have to think about the person you love, making it even easier to avoid them.
For example, start a daily routine of going to the gym, reading, going to work, gardening, and then cooking a new recipe.
Try to choose distractions that get you out of the house and moving, such as going on bike rides, thrift shopping with friends, or volunteering.
Tips
If you're going through a breakup, try to avoid seeing your ex for at least 3 months so you have time to move on and heal. If you've been together for a long time, you might need more like 6 months to a year before you'll feel okay seeing them again.[11]
X
Expert Source
Sarah Schewitz, PsyDLicensed Psychologist
Expert Interview. 15 April 2019.
If you're having trouble avoiding the person you love and think you need to talk to someone, reach out to friends, family, or a professional.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Minimizing Potential Contact\\n1-1. Try to stay away from places they're likely to visit.\\nYou probably have a good idea of what the person you love likes to do and where they often go. Use this information to avoid spots where you're more likely to run into them, such as grocery stores near their house, their gym, or their favorite restaurants.\\nFor example, if you know they visit Chinese restaurants often or study at the local library, try ordering your Chinese food or studying at a coffee shop instead.\\nIf there are places that you have to go where they might be, try to go at times where the person is less likely to be there too.\\n1-2. Hide the person on social media so you don't see their posts.\\nEven if you try to avoid the person in real life, it can be hard to truly get away from them with social media showing you what they're doing all the time. Hide their profile so you can't see it, or unfollow them to clear your feed of their posts.\\nFacebook lets you hide a person's post when they show up in your newsfeed, and you can also unfriend or block people.\\nTry unfollowing the person on Instagram or Twitter so that their posts don't show up for you to read.\\n1-3. Be upfront and tell the person you need space.\\nSometimes telling the person directly that you need to cut ties with them is the best way to go, and it reduces a lot of stress and anxiety related to avoiding someone. Tell the person politely that you need space and would prefer that they don't contact you in the foreseeable future.\\nFor example, tell the person, \\\"I'd really appreciate it if we could give each other some space and not interact for awhile while I work through some things.\\\"\\n1-4. Block them so they can't contact you, if necessary.\\nIn extreme cases, it might be easier to block the person on your phone and social media so that they can't talk to you at all, and you can't talk to them. Your phone allows you to block phone numbers so that they can't call or text you, as do most social media sites.\\nThis works well if you don't have the willpower not to try talking to them.\\nYou're usually able to unblock the person later on, if desired.\\n2. Ignoring Them in Person\\n2-1. Stay as far away from them as you can if you see them in person.\\nIf you see the person you're trying to avoid, it's best to put as much distance between the two of you as possible. If you're inside a room, like a restaurant or office, try going to the opposite end of the room.\\nIf you're outside, you have a lot more space to maneuver your way away from them.\\nIf you see the person at school, walk to a different end of the hallway or sit at a desk on the opposite side of the room.\\nIf you see the person while you're at work, walk to a different room if possible, or look down if you're sitting at your desk so they can't see you as well.\\n2-2. Shift your gaze so you're not looking at them.\\nWhile it's okay to glance at the person every now and then to see where they are, don't stare or make eye contact with them. By ensuring that you're never spotted looking their direction, you're less likely to have to interact with them.\\nFocus on what you're doing and try to avoid thinking about them so that you don't even have to worry about accidentally looking at them.\\n2-3. Start up a conversation\\nThis not only helps distract you from the person you're trying to avoid, but it also makes you appear busy. If there's someone standing near you, try starting up a simple, polite conversation with them for a couple of minutes.\\nIf you're talking with another person, the person you're trying to avoid is less likely to come interrupt you.\\n2-4. Leave calmly if you notice the person walking over to you.\\nIf you see the person you're trying to avoid coming over to you and you really don't want to interact with them, walk across the room in the opposite direction or leave entirely. Do it calmly and without making a big deal out of it.\\n2-5. Give a concise, neutral response if they talk to you.\\nIf you tried your best to avoid them but you just weren't successful, be polite. You don't need to start up a long, detailed conversation with them, but you can shut down the conversation quickly and politely by answering with 1-word answers or politely nodding your head.\\nIf you want to continue talking to the person but know it's a bad idea, it's especially important to remind yourself to give neutral, short replies.\\nFor example, if the person asks you how you're doing, just say, \\\"I'm doing well, thanks.\\\"\\n3. Changing Your Mindset\\n3-1. Practice moving on and being in the present.\\nWhenever you catch yourself reflecting on the past or thinking about the person you're trying to avoid, refocus and think about your present and future. This will help motivate you to move on and set new goals for yourself.\\nSet goals such as getting in shape, learning a new skill, or advancing in your career.\\nThink about the things that are currently going well in your life, such as your job, social life, academics, or personal health.\\n3-2. Focus on the person's negative characteristics when you think about them.\\nWhen you love someone, it's easy to only think about their positive attributes, or the qualities that you love about them. By reminding yourself that they have flaws, it'll help shift your outlook and make it easier for you to stay away from them.\\nFor example, the person may be very kind, but maybe they also are always showing up late, have trouble keeping promises, or are a bit lazy.\\nReflecting on what you didn't like about the relationship can also help you avoid those things in the future.\\n3-3. Put yourself first.\\nPut aside any thoughts you have about the person you love and are trying to avoid, and instead start focusing on yourself. Evaluate your own needs and spend some time reflecting on how you can make yourself happier, healthier, and more content.\\nSet aside time each day just for you, whether it's through reading each morning, doing yoga, or reflecting in a journal.\\nTry out a new activity like boxing, cooking, or swimming.\\n3-4. Stay busy through distractions.\\nTry to fill your time with activities and goals, no matter how big or small. The busier you are, the less time you'll have to think about the person you love, making it even easier to avoid them.\\nFor example, start a daily routine of going to the gym, reading, going to work, gardening, and then cooking a new recipe.\\nTry to choose distractions that get you out of the house and moving, such as going on bike rides, thrift shopping with friends, or volunteering.\\nTips\\nIf you're going through a breakup, try to avoid seeing your ex for at least 3 months so you have time to move on and heal. If you've been together for a long time, you might need more like 6 months to a year before you'll feel okay seeing them again.[11]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nSarah Schewitz, PsyDLicensed Psychologist\\nExpert Interview. 15 April 2019.\\nIf you're having trouble avoiding the person you love and think you need to talk to someone, reach out to friends, family, or a professional.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Avoiding someone you love, whether you're avoiding them in person, online, or even just in your own thoughts, can be done by changing your mindset and staying focused. By staying away from places they frequent and hiding their posts on social media, you'll be much more successful in avoiding them. If you do run into them, it's best to give them space, avert your gaze, and stay calm and polite.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Minimizing Potential Contact\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try to stay away from places they're likely to visit.\", \"描述\": \"You probably have a good idea of what the person you love likes to do and where they often go. Use this information to avoid spots where you're more likely to run into them, such as grocery stores near their house, their gym, or their favorite restaurants.\\nFor example, if you know they visit Chinese restaurants often or study at the local library, try ordering your Chinese food or studying at a coffee shop instead.\\nIf there are places that you have to go where they might be, try to go at times where the person is less likely to be there too.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hide the person on social media so you don't see their posts.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you try to avoid the person in real life, it can be hard to truly get away from them with social media showing you what they're doing all the time. Hide their profile so you can't see it, or unfollow them to clear your feed of their posts.\\nFacebook lets you hide a person's post when they show up in your newsfeed, and you can also unfriend or block people.\\nTry unfollowing the person on Instagram or Twitter so that their posts don't show up for you to read.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be upfront and tell the person you need space.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes telling the person directly that you need to cut ties with them is the best way to go, and it reduces a lot of stress and anxiety related to avoiding someone. Tell the person politely that you need space and would prefer that they don't contact you in the foreseeable future.\\nFor example, tell the person, \\\"I'd really appreciate it if we could give each other some space and not interact for awhile while I work through some things.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Block them so they can't contact you, if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"In extreme cases, it might be easier to block the person on your phone and social media so that they can't talk to you at all, and you can't talk to them. Your phone allows you to block phone numbers so that they can't call or text you, as do most social media sites.\\nThis works well if you don't have the willpower not to try talking to them.\\nYou're usually able to unblock the person later on, if desired.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ignoring Them in Person\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay as far away from them as you can if you see them in person.\", \"描述\": \"If you see the person you're trying to avoid, it's best to put as much distance between the two of you as possible. If you're inside a room, like a restaurant or office, try going to the opposite end of the room.\\nIf you're outside, you have a lot more space to maneuver your way away from them.\\nIf you see the person at school, walk to a different end of the hallway or sit at a desk on the opposite side of the room.\\nIf you see the person while you're at work, walk to a different room if possible, or look down if you're sitting at your desk so they can't see you as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Shift your gaze so you're not looking at them.\", \"描述\": \"While it's okay to glance at the person every now and then to see where they are, don't stare or make eye contact with them. By ensuring that you're never spotted looking their direction, you're less likely to have to interact with them.\\nFocus on what you're doing and try to avoid thinking about them so that you don't even have to worry about accidentally looking at them.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start up a conversation\", \"描述\": \"This not only helps distract you from the person you're trying to avoid, but it also makes you appear busy. If there's someone standing near you, try starting up a simple, polite conversation with them for a couple of minutes.\\nIf you're talking with another person, the person you're trying to avoid is less likely to come interrupt you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Leave calmly if you notice the person walking over to you.\", \"描述\": \"If you see the person you're trying to avoid coming over to you and you really don't want to interact with them, walk across the room in the opposite direction or leave entirely. Do it calmly and without making a big deal out of it.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Give a concise, neutral response if they talk to you.\", \"描述\": \"If you tried your best to avoid them but you just weren't successful, be polite. You don't need to start up a long, detailed conversation with them, but you can shut down the conversation quickly and politely by answering with 1-word answers or politely nodding your head.\\nIf you want to continue talking to the person but know it's a bad idea, it's especially important to remind yourself to give neutral, short replies.\\nFor example, if the person asks you how you're doing, just say, \\\"I'm doing well, thanks.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Changing Your Mindset\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice moving on and being in the present.\", \"描述\": \"Whenever you catch yourself reflecting on the past or thinking about the person you're trying to avoid, refocus and think about your present and future. This will help motivate you to move on and set new goals for yourself.\\nSet goals such as getting in shape, learning a new skill, or advancing in your career.\\nThink about the things that are currently going well in your life, such as your job, social life, academics, or personal health.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus on the person's negative characteristics when you think about them.\", \"描述\": \"When you love someone, it's easy to only think about their positive attributes, or the qualities that you love about them. By reminding yourself that they have flaws, it'll help shift your outlook and make it easier for you to stay away from them.\\nFor example, the person may be very kind, but maybe they also are always showing up late, have trouble keeping promises, or are a bit lazy.\\nReflecting on what you didn't like about the relationship can also help you avoid those things in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put yourself first.\", \"描述\": \"Put aside any thoughts you have about the person you love and are trying to avoid, and instead start focusing on yourself. Evaluate your own needs and spend some time reflecting on how you can make yourself happier, healthier, and more content.\\nSet aside time each day just for you, whether it's through reading each morning, doing yoga, or reflecting in a journal.\\nTry out a new activity like boxing, cooking, or swimming.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay busy through distractions.\", \"描述\": \"Try to fill your time with activities and goals, no matter how big or small. The busier you are, the less time you'll have to think about the person you love, making it even easier to avoid them.\\nFor example, start a daily routine of going to the gym, reading, going to work, gardening, and then cooking a new recipe.\\nTry to choose distractions that get you out of the house and moving, such as going on bike rides, thrift shopping with friends, or volunteering.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you're going through a breakup, try to avoid seeing your ex for at least 3 months so you have time to move on and heal. If you've been together for a long time, you might need more like 6 months to a year before you'll feel okay seeing them again.[11]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nSarah Schewitz, PsyDLicensed Psychologist\\nExpert Interview. 15 April 2019.\\n\", \"If you're having trouble avoiding the person you love and think you need to talk to someone, reach out to friends, family, or a professional.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,203 | How to Avoid Sore Nipples While Breast Feeding | 1. Having a Good Feeding Session
1-1. Note early hunger cues in your baby.
Rather than wait until your baby starts crying or really pulling at your breasts, you should watch for early hunger cues from your baby and try to feed them as soon as possible. A very hungry baby can grab at your nipples and suck on them hard, leading to sore nipples. Feed your baby as soon as they start to get fussy or close to their normal feeding time to avoid sore nipples.
For newborns, you should try to do eight to twelve feeds every 24 hours, keeping the feedings consistent and close to the same time. This will prevent your baby from sucking too hard due to hunger.
If your newborn baby is not feeding every three hours, you should hand-express out the milk or pump the milk out into bottles. This will prevent your breasts from becoming engorged. Engorged breasts can lead to the development of flat nipples, which will make it more difficult for your baby to latch on and feed.
1-2. Breastfeed on the least sore side first.
If your breasts are feeling tender, you may want to get your baby to feed on the side that is not as sore first. This will give the sore breast a break.
This will also prevent your sore breast from becoming more irritated and allow your baby to get used to feeding from both breasts.
1-3. Get into a comfortable, supported position.
Sit on a couch or a chair and use pillows to support your lower back, as well as your arms. You should support your feet on a footrest or on a stack of pillows. This will help to make you and your baby feel comfortable during the feeding.
1-4. Place the baby close to you, with their mouth and nose facing your breast.
Make sure your baby is tucked up close to you, with your tummies touching each other. Place a supporting hand or arm behind your baby’s shoulders, rather than their head. Their face should be facing towards your nipple. Your baby should not have to turn or adjust their head to reach your breast. It should be easily accessible.
Another way to view this positioning is to ensure your nipple is pointed towards your baby’s nose. This will allow them to open their mouth and tip their head back, sliding the nipple towards the roof of their mouth.
1-5. Use your hand to support your breast.
Cup your breast with your free hand and place it close to your baby’s mouth. It should not be pressing on your baby’s chin or be far away from your baby’s mouth. This will allow your baby to move towards your breast and drive their chin into your breast.
1-6. Allow your baby to self-latch.
Most babies will move their heads towards their mother’s breasts and latch on their own. You baby may bob their head a little and consider before doing this, but self-latching is one the best ways to ensure a pain free and effective latch.
If your baby does not seem to be able to self-latch, you can encourage them to open their mouth wide by using your nipple to tickle their lips. Say “open” as you do this and make sure your breast is almost touching their nose. They should then allow you to attach your breast to their mouth.
1-7. Make sure your baby latches on correctly.
Many babies can have a shallow latch, where they do not latch onto your breast properly. An improper latch can lead to a sore nipple. Check that your baby is latched on correctly to your breast by checking that their mouth is wrapped around your entire areola and their lips are pursed outward around your areola.
You should also make sure your baby maintains an open mouth during the feeding and their chin is indenting the lower portion of your breast.
1-8. Reposition your baby if your nipple starts to hurt.
If you start to feel any discomfort or pain once your baby latches on to your breast, you should re position their mouth on your breast. Try to do this while they are nursing by pressing on your baby’s shoulder lightly to bring their closer to you. You can also use your free hand to tip their head back a little more or shift their position against your body slightly.
If you need to remove your baby from your breast at any time during the feeding, use a clean finger to do this. Place the finger into the corner of your baby’s mouth or between your baby’s gums to break the seal between your baby’s mouth and your breast. You can also try pulling down lightly on your baby’s chin or pressing down on your breast, next to your baby’s mouth, to break the seal.
Never just pull the baby off without breaking the suction first. This can damage the nipple.
2. Preparing for the Breastfeeding Session
2-1. Let your breasts air out.
Exposing your breasts to air will also help them stay dry and possibly make breastfeeding less uncomfortable.
You can buy feeding bras that are made of natural, breathable fibers so they do not irritate your breasts. They are usually also made so you can unhook them easily for feeding time.
You can also buy breast shells, which are donut shaped plastic shells that you can place on your breasts to protect your nipples. These can be placed inside your bra or your shirt to protect sore nipples.
2-2. Massage your breasts with your hands.
You can also soften breasts to prepare for the feeding by using your hands to gently massage them. Do this a few minutes before feeding time so there is stimulation of your breast milk.
Another option is to pump your breasts for a few minutes using a hand pump to get the milk flowing. This may then make your nipples less sore and sensitive during feeding.
This can also help elevate flat nipples and allow the baby to latch better to help prevent sore nipples.
2-3. Have a warm shower.
Exposing your body to a warm environment can help to stimulate milk production in your breasts. Some mothers will have a brief warm shower right before feeding time.
You can also try applying a warm towel to your breasts to soothe any discomfort and help stimulate milk flow.
2-4. Do relaxation techniques.
Staying calm and relaxed before and during the feeding can help to make breastfeeding less painful and uncomfortable. You may do some deep breathing, where you breathe in and out deeply for six to eight breaths, or a five minute meditation, where you sit in silence for five minutes. A calm and relaxed mindset can help take the stress out of breastfeeding.
2-5. Express a small amount of milk right before the feeding.
Try to do this by lightly squeezing your breasts with your hands. Expressing a small amount of milk before feeding can help to encourage milk flow and activate the let down reflexes in your breasts. Your baby will then do less hard sucking, and put less stress, on your breasts during feeding.
Avoid using a strong breast pump to do this, as breast pumps can make your nipples feel sore or become cracked.
3. Treating Sore or Cracked Nipples
3-1. Have your doctor check if your baby is tongue tied.
A baby with a tongue-tie has difficulty lifting their tongue or moving forward normally. This can lead to issues during breastfeeding, as they cannot extract milk from your breast effectively. They may end up pushing your nipple up with their tongue, which can cause pain to their palate and discomfort on your nipple.
You can check to see if your baby can stick their tongue out past their bottom lip. You should also note if they can lift their tongue to the roof of their mouth when they cry. If they cannot make these movements, you should have your doctor check them for tongue-tie.
If your baby has tongue-tie, your doctor can clip the membrane that is restricting your baby’s tongue. This can then lead to more effective feeding sessions with your baby.
3-2. Allow the doctor to test you and your baby for thrush.
Thrush is a fungal infection that can infect you and your baby. Thrush can cause irritation and redness on your nipples, as well as cracks and white patches. It can also appear in your baby’s mouth as white patches. Thrush can also affect your milk ducts, making it difficult and painful to breastfeed your baby properly.
Your doctor can confirm you have thrush and prescribe treatment.
3-3. Get sore or cracked nipples checked for any infections.
If your nipples become very sore and cracked while you are breastfeeding, you get your doctor to check if they are infected. Your doctor may recommend safe, topical medication to treat infected nipples.
If you have a breast infection, known as mastitis, your doctor can give you oral antibiotics that are safe for use while you are breastfeeding.
3-4. Use your breast milk on any cuts or sore areas.
If you already have cracks or sore areas developing on your nipples, you can use your own breast milk to help soothe them. Take your finger and rub a small amount of breast milk on your breasts before and after the feeding to encourage healing.
Avoid using any irritating substances on your nipples, such as soap or shampoo that contains alcohol or creams that contain irritating ingredients. Do not use cream that contains Vitamin E, as this can be toxic for your baby.
You should also be very gentle when cleaning your breasts in the shower. Use mild antibacterial soap and soft towels so your nipples do not become more irritated or sore.
3-5. Apply a soothing compress on sore nipples.
If your nipples are very sore, you can apply a soothing warm compress (a clean washcloth soaked in lukewarm water) on your nipples to reduce any swelling or discomfort.
You can also try using medical grade lanolin ointment on your nipples to help with soreness or cracking; however, studies have shown that breast milk is more effective for sore, cracked nipples than lanolin ointment.
You can take a mild pain reliever 30 minutes prior to nursing if your nipples are painful. Mild pain relievers are considered safe for breastfeeding. If you have any concerns, talk to your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medications.
Do not apply teabags to cracked, sore nipples, as this is a folk remedy that has been shown to be ineffective.
Tips
Avoid giving your baby a pacifier or a bottle during the first few months of feeding. Giving your baby a pacifier or a bottle to suck on can lead to a condition known as nipple confusion. Your baby may be accustomed to sucking on a hard, artificial nipple and not latch on as well to your nipple when it comes to feeding time.
Sometimes breast pads will stick to the nipple. If this happens it is important to gently remove them from the nipple and not pull them off because it can pull off skin too. If you can’t gently remove the pad then try getting it wet in the sink of shower and then gently pulling it off.
It is common to have some mild soreness the first few weeks of nursing. This is usually just getting used to nursing. As long as the baby is latching correctly and the nipples look normal, this should go away.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Having a Good Feeding Session\\n1-1. Note early hunger cues in your baby.\\nRather than wait until your baby starts crying or really pulling at your breasts, you should watch for early hunger cues from your baby and try to feed them as soon as possible. A very hungry baby can grab at your nipples and suck on them hard, leading to sore nipples. Feed your baby as soon as they start to get fussy or close to their normal feeding time to avoid sore nipples.\\nFor newborns, you should try to do eight to twelve feeds every 24 hours, keeping the feedings consistent and close to the same time. This will prevent your baby from sucking too hard due to hunger.\\nIf your newborn baby is not feeding every three hours, you should hand-express out the milk or pump the milk out into bottles. This will prevent your breasts from becoming engorged. Engorged breasts can lead to the development of flat nipples, which will make it more difficult for your baby to latch on and feed.\\n1-2. Breastfeed on the least sore side first.\\nIf your breasts are feeling tender, you may want to get your baby to feed on the side that is not as sore first. This will give the sore breast a break.\\nThis will also prevent your sore breast from becoming more irritated and allow your baby to get used to feeding from both breasts.\\n1-3. Get into a comfortable, supported position.\\nSit on a couch or a chair and use pillows to support your lower back, as well as your arms. You should support your feet on a footrest or on a stack of pillows. This will help to make you and your baby feel comfortable during the feeding.\\n1-4. Place the baby close to you, with their mouth and nose facing your breast.\\nMake sure your baby is tucked up close to you, with your tummies touching each other. Place a supporting hand or arm behind your baby’s shoulders, rather than their head. Their face should be facing towards your nipple. Your baby should not have to turn or adjust their head to reach your breast. It should be easily accessible.\\nAnother way to view this positioning is to ensure your nipple is pointed towards your baby’s nose. This will allow them to open their mouth and tip their head back, sliding the nipple towards the roof of their mouth.\\n1-5. Use your hand to support your breast.\\nCup your breast with your free hand and place it close to your baby’s mouth. It should not be pressing on your baby’s chin or be far away from your baby’s mouth. This will allow your baby to move towards your breast and drive their chin into your breast.\\n1-6. Allow your baby to self-latch.\\nMost babies will move their heads towards their mother’s breasts and latch on their own. You baby may bob their head a little and consider before doing this, but self-latching is one the best ways to ensure a pain free and effective latch.\\nIf your baby does not seem to be able to self-latch, you can encourage them to open their mouth wide by using your nipple to tickle their lips. Say “open” as you do this and make sure your breast is almost touching their nose. They should then allow you to attach your breast to their mouth.\\n1-7. Make sure your baby latches on correctly.\\nMany babies can have a shallow latch, where they do not latch onto your breast properly. An improper latch can lead to a sore nipple. Check that your baby is latched on correctly to your breast by checking that their mouth is wrapped around your entire areola and their lips are pursed outward around your areola.\\nYou should also make sure your baby maintains an open mouth during the feeding and their chin is indenting the lower portion of your breast.\\n1-8. Reposition your baby if your nipple starts to hurt.\\nIf you start to feel any discomfort or pain once your baby latches on to your breast, you should re position their mouth on your breast. Try to do this while they are nursing by pressing on your baby’s shoulder lightly to bring their closer to you. You can also use your free hand to tip their head back a little more or shift their position against your body slightly.\\nIf you need to remove your baby from your breast at any time during the feeding, use a clean finger to do this. Place the finger into the corner of your baby’s mouth or between your baby’s gums to break the seal between your baby’s mouth and your breast. You can also try pulling down lightly on your baby’s chin or pressing down on your breast, next to your baby’s mouth, to break the seal.\\nNever just pull the baby off without breaking the suction first. This can damage the nipple.\\n2. Preparing for the Breastfeeding Session\\n2-1. Let your breasts air out.\\nExposing your breasts to air will also help them stay dry and possibly make breastfeeding less uncomfortable.\\nYou can buy feeding bras that are made of natural, breathable fibers so they do not irritate your breasts. They are usually also made so you can unhook them easily for feeding time.\\nYou can also buy breast shells, which are donut shaped plastic shells that you can place on your breasts to protect your nipples. These can be placed inside your bra or your shirt to protect sore nipples.\\n2-2. Massage your breasts with your hands.\\nYou can also soften breasts to prepare for the feeding by using your hands to gently massage them. Do this a few minutes before feeding time so there is stimulation of your breast milk.\\nAnother option is to pump your breasts for a few minutes using a hand pump to get the milk flowing. This may then make your nipples less sore and sensitive during feeding.\\nThis can also help elevate flat nipples and allow the baby to latch better to help prevent sore nipples.\\n2-3. Have a warm shower.\\nExposing your body to a warm environment can help to stimulate milk production in your breasts. Some mothers will have a brief warm shower right before feeding time.\\nYou can also try applying a warm towel to your breasts to soothe any discomfort and help stimulate milk flow.\\n2-4. Do relaxation techniques.\\nStaying calm and relaxed before and during the feeding can help to make breastfeeding less painful and uncomfortable. You may do some deep breathing, where you breathe in and out deeply for six to eight breaths, or a five minute meditation, where you sit in silence for five minutes. A calm and relaxed mindset can help take the stress out of breastfeeding.\\n2-5. Express a small amount of milk right before the feeding.\\nTry to do this by lightly squeezing your breasts with your hands. Expressing a small amount of milk before feeding can help to encourage milk flow and activate the let down reflexes in your breasts. Your baby will then do less hard sucking, and put less stress, on your breasts during feeding.\\nAvoid using a strong breast pump to do this, as breast pumps can make your nipples feel sore or become cracked.\\n3. Treating Sore or Cracked Nipples\\n3-1. Have your doctor check if your baby is tongue tied.\\nA baby with a tongue-tie has difficulty lifting their tongue or moving forward normally. This can lead to issues during breastfeeding, as they cannot extract milk from your breast effectively. They may end up pushing your nipple up with their tongue, which can cause pain to their palate and discomfort on your nipple.\\nYou can check to see if your baby can stick their tongue out past their bottom lip. You should also note if they can lift their tongue to the roof of their mouth when they cry. If they cannot make these movements, you should have your doctor check them for tongue-tie.\\nIf your baby has tongue-tie, your doctor can clip the membrane that is restricting your baby’s tongue. This can then lead to more effective feeding sessions with your baby.\\n3-2. Allow the doctor to test you and your baby for thrush.\\nThrush is a fungal infection that can infect you and your baby. Thrush can cause irritation and redness on your nipples, as well as cracks and white patches. It can also appear in your baby’s mouth as white patches. Thrush can also affect your milk ducts, making it difficult and painful to breastfeed your baby properly.\\nYour doctor can confirm you have thrush and prescribe treatment.\\n3-3. Get sore or cracked nipples checked for any infections.\\nIf your nipples become very sore and cracked while you are breastfeeding, you get your doctor to check if they are infected. Your doctor may recommend safe, topical medication to treat infected nipples.\\nIf you have a breast infection, known as mastitis, your doctor can give you oral antibiotics that are safe for use while you are breastfeeding.\\n3-4. Use your breast milk on any cuts or sore areas.\\nIf you already have cracks or sore areas developing on your nipples, you can use your own breast milk to help soothe them. Take your finger and rub a small amount of breast milk on your breasts before and after the feeding to encourage healing.\\nAvoid using any irritating substances on your nipples, such as soap or shampoo that contains alcohol or creams that contain irritating ingredients. Do not use cream that contains Vitamin E, as this can be toxic for your baby.\\nYou should also be very gentle when cleaning your breasts in the shower. Use mild antibacterial soap and soft towels so your nipples do not become more irritated or sore.\\n3-5. Apply a soothing compress on sore nipples.\\nIf your nipples are very sore, you can apply a soothing warm compress (a clean washcloth soaked in lukewarm water) on your nipples to reduce any swelling or discomfort.\\nYou can also try using medical grade lanolin ointment on your nipples to help with soreness or cracking; however, studies have shown that breast milk is more effective for sore, cracked nipples than lanolin ointment.\\nYou can take a mild pain reliever 30 minutes prior to nursing if your nipples are painful. Mild pain relievers are considered safe for breastfeeding. If you have any concerns, talk to your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medications.\\nDo not apply teabags to cracked, sore nipples, as this is a folk remedy that has been shown to be ineffective.\\nTips\\nAvoid giving your baby a pacifier or a bottle during the first few months of feeding. Giving your baby a pacifier or a bottle to suck on can lead to a condition known as nipple confusion. Your baby may be accustomed to sucking on a hard, artificial nipple and not latch on as well to your nipple when it comes to feeding time.\\nSometimes breast pads will stick to the nipple. If this happens it is important to gently remove them from the nipple and not pull them off because it can pull off skin too. If you can’t gently remove the pad then try getting it wet in the sink of shower and then gently pulling it off.\\nIt is common to have some mild soreness the first few weeks of nursing. This is usually just getting used to nursing. As long as the baby is latching correctly and the nipples look normal, this should go away.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Breastfeeding is a great way to bond with your baby and ensure they get the best nutrition in their early years. Some women have a difficult time nursing their babies due to sore or cracked nipples and discomfort, especially during the first week of nursing. While it is common for new mothers to experience breast soreness and tenderness early in the nursing process, there are ways to help remedy this issue or avoid it.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Having a Good Feeding Session\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Note early hunger cues in your baby.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than wait until your baby starts crying or really pulling at your breasts, you should watch for early hunger cues from your baby and try to feed them as soon as possible. A very hungry baby can grab at your nipples and suck on them hard, leading to sore nipples. Feed your baby as soon as they start to get fussy or close to their normal feeding time to avoid sore nipples.\\nFor newborns, you should try to do eight to twelve feeds every 24 hours, keeping the feedings consistent and close to the same time. This will prevent your baby from sucking too hard due to hunger.\\nIf your newborn baby is not feeding every three hours, you should hand-express out the milk or pump the milk out into bottles. This will prevent your breasts from becoming engorged. Engorged breasts can lead to the development of flat nipples, which will make it more difficult for your baby to latch on and feed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Breastfeed on the least sore side first.\", \"描述\": \"If your breasts are feeling tender, you may want to get your baby to feed on the side that is not as sore first. This will give the sore breast a break.\\nThis will also prevent your sore breast from becoming more irritated and allow your baby to get used to feeding from both breasts.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get into a comfortable, supported position.\", \"描述\": \"Sit on a couch or a chair and use pillows to support your lower back, as well as your arms. You should support your feet on a footrest or on a stack of pillows. This will help to make you and your baby feel comfortable during the feeding.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Place the baby close to you, with their mouth and nose facing your breast.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure your baby is tucked up close to you, with your tummies touching each other. Place a supporting hand or arm behind your baby’s shoulders, rather than their head. Their face should be facing towards your nipple. Your baby should not have to turn or adjust their head to reach your breast. It should be easily accessible.\\nAnother way to view this positioning is to ensure your nipple is pointed towards your baby’s nose. This will allow them to open their mouth and tip their head back, sliding the nipple towards the roof of their mouth.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use your hand to support your breast.\", \"描述\": \"Cup your breast with your free hand and place it close to your baby’s mouth. It should not be pressing on your baby’s chin or be far away from your baby’s mouth. This will allow your baby to move towards your breast and drive their chin into your breast.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Allow your baby to self-latch.\", \"描述\": \"Most babies will move their heads towards their mother’s breasts and latch on their own. You baby may bob their head a little and consider before doing this, but self-latching is one the best ways to ensure a pain free and effective latch.\\nIf your baby does not seem to be able to self-latch, you can encourage them to open their mouth wide by using your nipple to tickle their lips. Say “open” as you do this and make sure your breast is almost touching their nose. They should then allow you to attach your breast to their mouth.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Make sure your baby latches on correctly.\", \"描述\": \"Many babies can have a shallow latch, where they do not latch onto your breast properly. An improper latch can lead to a sore nipple. Check that your baby is latched on correctly to your breast by checking that their mouth is wrapped around your entire areola and their lips are pursed outward around your areola.\\nYou should also make sure your baby maintains an open mouth during the feeding and their chin is indenting the lower portion of your breast.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Reposition your baby if your nipple starts to hurt.\", \"描述\": \"If you start to feel any discomfort or pain once your baby latches on to your breast, you should re position their mouth on your breast. Try to do this while they are nursing by pressing on your baby’s shoulder lightly to bring their closer to you. You can also use your free hand to tip their head back a little more or shift their position against your body slightly.\\nIf you need to remove your baby from your breast at any time during the feeding, use a clean finger to do this. Place the finger into the corner of your baby’s mouth or between your baby’s gums to break the seal between your baby’s mouth and your breast. You can also try pulling down lightly on your baby’s chin or pressing down on your breast, next to your baby’s mouth, to break the seal.\\nNever just pull the baby off without breaking the suction first. This can damage the nipple.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing for the Breastfeeding Session\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Let your breasts air out.\", \"描述\": \"Exposing your breasts to air will also help them stay dry and possibly make breastfeeding less uncomfortable.\\nYou can buy feeding bras that are made of natural, breathable fibers so they do not irritate your breasts. They are usually also made so you can unhook them easily for feeding time.\\nYou can also buy breast shells, which are donut shaped plastic shells that you can place on your breasts to protect your nipples. These can be placed inside your bra or your shirt to protect sore nipples.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Massage your breasts with your hands.\", \"描述\": \"You can also soften breasts to prepare for the feeding by using your hands to gently massage them. Do this a few minutes before feeding time so there is stimulation of your breast milk.\\nAnother option is to pump your breasts for a few minutes using a hand pump to get the milk flowing. This may then make your nipples less sore and sensitive during feeding.\\nThis can also help elevate flat nipples and allow the baby to latch better to help prevent sore nipples.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have a warm shower.\", \"描述\": \"Exposing your body to a warm environment can help to stimulate milk production in your breasts. Some mothers will have a brief warm shower right before feeding time.\\nYou can also try applying a warm towel to your breasts to soothe any discomfort and help stimulate milk flow.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do relaxation techniques.\", \"描述\": \"Staying calm and relaxed before and during the feeding can help to make breastfeeding less painful and uncomfortable. You may do some deep breathing, where you breathe in and out deeply for six to eight breaths, or a five minute meditation, where you sit in silence for five minutes. A calm and relaxed mindset can help take the stress out of breastfeeding.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Express a small amount of milk right before the feeding.\", \"描述\": \"Try to do this by lightly squeezing your breasts with your hands. Expressing a small amount of milk before feeding can help to encourage milk flow and activate the let down reflexes in your breasts. Your baby will then do less hard sucking, and put less stress, on your breasts during feeding.\\nAvoid using a strong breast pump to do this, as breast pumps can make your nipples feel sore or become cracked.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Treating Sore or Cracked Nipples\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have your doctor check if your baby is tongue tied.\", \"描述\": \"A baby with a tongue-tie has difficulty lifting their tongue or moving forward normally. This can lead to issues during breastfeeding, as they cannot extract milk from your breast effectively. They may end up pushing your nipple up with their tongue, which can cause pain to their palate and discomfort on your nipple.\\nYou can check to see if your baby can stick their tongue out past their bottom lip. You should also note if they can lift their tongue to the roof of their mouth when they cry. If they cannot make these movements, you should have your doctor check them for tongue-tie.\\nIf your baby has tongue-tie, your doctor can clip the membrane that is restricting your baby’s tongue. This can then lead to more effective feeding sessions with your baby.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Allow the doctor to test you and your baby for thrush.\", \"描述\": \"Thrush is a fungal infection that can infect you and your baby. Thrush can cause irritation and redness on your nipples, as well as cracks and white patches. It can also appear in your baby’s mouth as white patches. Thrush can also affect your milk ducts, making it difficult and painful to breastfeed your baby properly.\\nYour doctor can confirm you have thrush and prescribe treatment.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get sore or cracked nipples checked for any infections.\", \"描述\": \"If your nipples become very sore and cracked while you are breastfeeding, you get your doctor to check if they are infected. Your doctor may recommend safe, topical medication to treat infected nipples.\\nIf you have a breast infection, known as mastitis, your doctor can give you oral antibiotics that are safe for use while you are breastfeeding.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use your breast milk on any cuts or sore areas.\", \"描述\": \"If you already have cracks or sore areas developing on your nipples, you can use your own breast milk to help soothe them. Take your finger and rub a small amount of breast milk on your breasts before and after the feeding to encourage healing.\\nAvoid using any irritating substances on your nipples, such as soap or shampoo that contains alcohol or creams that contain irritating ingredients. Do not use cream that contains Vitamin E, as this can be toxic for your baby.\\nYou should also be very gentle when cleaning your breasts in the shower. Use mild antibacterial soap and soft towels so your nipples do not become more irritated or sore.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply a soothing compress on sore nipples.\", \"描述\": \"If your nipples are very sore, you can apply a soothing warm compress (a clean washcloth soaked in lukewarm water) on your nipples to reduce any swelling or discomfort.\\nYou can also try using medical grade lanolin ointment on your nipples to help with soreness or cracking; however, studies have shown that breast milk is more effective for sore, cracked nipples than lanolin ointment.\\nYou can take a mild pain reliever 30 minutes prior to nursing if your nipples are painful. Mild pain relievers are considered safe for breastfeeding. If you have any concerns, talk to your doctor before taking any over-the-counter medications.\\nDo not apply teabags to cracked, sore nipples, as this is a folk remedy that has been shown to be ineffective.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Avoid giving your baby a pacifier or a bottle during the first few months of feeding. Giving your baby a pacifier or a bottle to suck on can lead to a condition known as nipple confusion. Your baby may be accustomed to sucking on a hard, artificial nipple and not latch on as well to your nipple when it comes to feeding time.\\n\", \"Sometimes breast pads will stick to the nipple. If this happens it is important to gently remove them from the nipple and not pull them off because it can pull off skin too. If you can’t gently remove the pad then try getting it wet in the sink of shower and then gently pulling it off.\\n\", \"It is common to have some mild soreness the first few weeks of nursing. This is usually just getting used to nursing. As long as the baby is latching correctly and the nipples look normal, this should go away.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,204 | How to Avoid Soreness During Your Horse Riding Training | 1. Maintaining Good Posture
1-1. Ride as though you’re standing up, not sitting.
Imagine that the horse suddenly winks out of existence from underneath you. Ride so that you would immediately land on your feet in a standing position if this were to happen. Ask a spotter to watch you ride and correct your posture as you go. Aim to maintain an unbroken line from your ear, through your shoulder and hip, and all the way down to your heel when viewed from the side.
Although this form is considered ideal, the exception would be if you need to adjust your stirrups to alleviate strain in your knees.
1-2. Hug the horse with your legs.
Although the horse’s body will force your upper legs to stick out to your sides, resist the urge to follow through with your lower legs. Don’t stick your whole leg out to the side. Keep your lower legs close enough to the horse’s body to maintain contact.
Ask a spotter to watch you as you ride straight toward them. Have them alert you whenever you start to straighten your legs to the side.
Exerting pressure downward into the stirrups and out to your sides can lead to ankle and knee pain.
1-3. Avoid arching your back.
Sit up straight to keep a straight line running from ear to shoulder to hip. However, be careful not to overdo it by arching backward. Stay seated on the seat-bones on your butt.
Arching your back causes your weight to shift forward, which means you’ll be landing on your tender bits instead of the bones in your butt as you bounce in the saddle.
Being able to sit up straight without having to think about it is an important reason to strengthen your core both on and off the horse. This will prevent you from tensing up as you try to maintain posture.
In the meantime, focus on drawing your bellybutton in toward your spine. Concentrate only on the muscles required for this. This will help keep your back relaxed as you ride.
1-4. Point your toes slightly outward.
Disregard outdated instructions about pointing your toes straight ahead of you. Avoid the unnecessary stress that this places on your joints. Instead, angle your feet so that each is pointing away from the horse by just a smidge. As you do, keep the balls of your feet in the stirrup. Stop when the weight of each foot feels evenly distributed across the entire stirrup.
This may be referred to as “pronating” by instructors.
It's always best to wear boots with a small heel, so your feet can stay steady in the stirrups.
2. Strengthening Your Core
2-1. Tuck, twist, turn.
To start, stand up with your feet placed under your hips. Curl your fingers into loose fists with your thumbs sticking out. Keep your upper arms and elbows tucked to your sides. Raise your forearms to either side of you, with your palms facing up and your thumbs pointing behind you. Then:
Bend your knees a little bit while tucking your tailbone inward.
Keeping your feet in place, turn your upper torso to one side, twisting from your waist.
Stop once your rear arm is pointed directly behind your butt.
Twist back to your original position, again using the muscles in your waist.
Perform the same movements on your other side for one rep.
2-2. Balance your core.
To begin, stand with your feet placed a hand’s length apart. Keeping your upper arms and elbow tucked to your sides, raise your forearms straight out to either side with your palms facing in front of you. Spread your fingers wide to keep the muscles in your hands, arms, and back active (think “jazz hands”). Next:
Raise one foot slightly off the ground.
Keep your other leg’s knee slightly bent to better absorb your body weight.
Rotate your raised foot until your toes point inward.
Focus on your heel as it directs each movement, not your toes.
Lower your foot and repeat the exercise with your other foot.
Concentrate on your heels throughout to keep your core muscles engaged.
2-3. Clap your hands.
Get into position by standing back against a wall. Set your feet a hand’s length apart. Bend your knees as you do so your entire back makes contact with the wall. Tuck your upper arms and elbows into your side. Raise your forearms straight out to either side. Now:
Sweep your forearms in toward each to clap your hands in front of you.
As you do, keep your forearms perpendicular to your body.
Once your hands have clapped, fold your fingers with your thumbs on top to mimic holding a rein.
Bring your forearms back to starting position and repeat.
3. Gearing Up
3-1. Wear the right boots.
Make sure they are tall enough to cover your ankles, which will keep them supported as you ride. Opt for a heel between 1 and 1 ½ inches to prevent your feet from spilling out of the stirrups. At the same time, avoid boots with heavy treads, which may cause your feet to become stuck in the stirrups, preventing a quick dismount in an emergency. Do not wear the following:
Waffle treads
Thick treads
Hiking boots
Winter boots
Sneakers
Sandals and flip-flops
3-2. Choose flexible clothing.
For upstairs, stick to sweatshirts and T-shirts so your arms and upper torso aren’t restricted. In colder weather, opt for layers topped with a vest to keep your arms mobile. Downstairs, favor tights, jeans, and sweatpants. Be sure that they are flexible enough to allow your legs to move freely.
Although you want your clothes to allow you freedom of movement, they should still be form-fitting or close to it. Loose clothing may become caught on your equipment or surroundings, which can lead to injury.
Don’t wear pants that easily become twisted or bunched up as you move in them.
Don't wear shorts when you go riding, or else your legs will chafe and hurt a lot.
3-3. Adjust your stirrups’ length.
If your knees feel strained as you ride, play with the length to find one that helps alleviate the pain. Length is a matter of personal preference, so don’t feel obligated to copy a more experienced rider if their preferred length causes you pain. As you shorten and lengthen your stirrups, remember:
You want to find a leg position that allows your legs to comfortably exert enough force into the stirrups to raise your butt a little. This prevents you from sitting with all of your body weight on the saddle, which will make your butt sore.
Try placing your stirrup so your knees are bent at about a 45°angle for a comfortable fit.
If your stirrups are too short, your knees will be too bent, which can cause some knee pain. If the stirrups are too long, your legs are too straight, and that will also put strain on your legs.
3-4. Use a saddle whose stirrups swing freely.
Whenever you go downhill, let your feet follow gravity. Straighten your legs in a forward direction as you descend. Do this to lessen the amount of pressure that your knees have to bear.
Only use loose stirrups to straighten your legs forward. Sticking them out to your sides as if you were doing a split causes your muscles to tense up all over.
In addition, choose a saddle that's the right size for you.
3-5. Use light reins.
Expect your hands to grow numb or sore from having to hold the reins over the course of long rides. If possible, avoid using a thick rein made of rope. Instead, use a thinner rein made of leather, which is usually lighter and less taxing in the long run.
Also, wear gloves to prevent blisters.
3-6. Sit on a “seat saver.”
Soften the blows that your butt has to endure from sitting on a hard saddle. Cover the saddle with a seat saver whose cushioning absorbs most of the shock before it reaches your rear. Store your seat saver somewhere warm and dry after your ride.
Keep in mind that some seat savers’ material (especially foam) may act like a sponge if it gets wet. This means it will become just as hard as your saddle if temperatures dip below freezing.
Tips
Keep in mind that riding a horse uses muscles that you might not normally use. A little soreness is normal after a ride, especially when you're just starting out.[24]
X
Expert Source
Jessica RudeEquine Expert
Expert Interview. 18 September 2020.
Start slow and build up. Start riding for a short time (30 minutes or so) once or twice a week to build up muscles before trying a longer ride. Starting with a 3 hour ride leaves many people unable to walk the next day.
Warnings
If you're in pain, always alert your instructor for advice. If the pain does not improve or worsens, always speak with your doctor.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Maintaining Good Posture\\n1-1. Ride as though you’re standing up, not sitting.\\nImagine that the horse suddenly winks out of existence from underneath you. Ride so that you would immediately land on your feet in a standing position if this were to happen. Ask a spotter to watch you ride and correct your posture as you go. Aim to maintain an unbroken line from your ear, through your shoulder and hip, and all the way down to your heel when viewed from the side.\\nAlthough this form is considered ideal, the exception would be if you need to adjust your stirrups to alleviate strain in your knees.\\n1-2. Hug the horse with your legs.\\nAlthough the horse’s body will force your upper legs to stick out to your sides, resist the urge to follow through with your lower legs. Don’t stick your whole leg out to the side. Keep your lower legs close enough to the horse’s body to maintain contact.\\nAsk a spotter to watch you as you ride straight toward them. Have them alert you whenever you start to straighten your legs to the side.\\nExerting pressure downward into the stirrups and out to your sides can lead to ankle and knee pain.\\n1-3. Avoid arching your back.\\nSit up straight to keep a straight line running from ear to shoulder to hip. However, be careful not to overdo it by arching backward. Stay seated on the seat-bones on your butt.\\nArching your back causes your weight to shift forward, which means you’ll be landing on your tender bits instead of the bones in your butt as you bounce in the saddle.\\nBeing able to sit up straight without having to think about it is an important reason to strengthen your core both on and off the horse. This will prevent you from tensing up as you try to maintain posture.\\nIn the meantime, focus on drawing your bellybutton in toward your spine. Concentrate only on the muscles required for this. This will help keep your back relaxed as you ride.\\n1-4. Point your toes slightly outward.\\nDisregard outdated instructions about pointing your toes straight ahead of you. Avoid the unnecessary stress that this places on your joints. Instead, angle your feet so that each is pointing away from the horse by just a smidge. As you do, keep the balls of your feet in the stirrup. Stop when the weight of each foot feels evenly distributed across the entire stirrup.\\nThis may be referred to as “pronating” by instructors.\\nIt's always best to wear boots with a small heel, so your feet can stay steady in the stirrups.\\n2. Strengthening Your Core\\n2-1. Tuck, twist, turn.\\nTo start, stand up with your feet placed under your hips. Curl your fingers into loose fists with your thumbs sticking out. Keep your upper arms and elbows tucked to your sides. Raise your forearms to either side of you, with your palms facing up and your thumbs pointing behind you. Then:\\nBend your knees a little bit while tucking your tailbone inward.\\nKeeping your feet in place, turn your upper torso to one side, twisting from your waist.\\nStop once your rear arm is pointed directly behind your butt.\\nTwist back to your original position, again using the muscles in your waist.\\nPerform the same movements on your other side for one rep.\\n2-2. Balance your core.\\nTo begin, stand with your feet placed a hand’s length apart. Keeping your upper arms and elbow tucked to your sides, raise your forearms straight out to either side with your palms facing in front of you. Spread your fingers wide to keep the muscles in your hands, arms, and back active (think “jazz hands”). Next:\\nRaise one foot slightly off the ground.\\nKeep your other leg’s knee slightly bent to better absorb your body weight.\\nRotate your raised foot until your toes point inward.\\nFocus on your heel as it directs each movement, not your toes.\\nLower your foot and repeat the exercise with your other foot.\\nConcentrate on your heels throughout to keep your core muscles engaged.\\n2-3. Clap your hands.\\nGet into position by standing back against a wall. Set your feet a hand’s length apart. Bend your knees as you do so your entire back makes contact with the wall. Tuck your upper arms and elbows into your side. Raise your forearms straight out to either side. Now:\\nSweep your forearms in toward each to clap your hands in front of you.\\nAs you do, keep your forearms perpendicular to your body.\\nOnce your hands have clapped, fold your fingers with your thumbs on top to mimic holding a rein.\\nBring your forearms back to starting position and repeat.\\n3. Gearing Up\\n3-1. Wear the right boots.\\nMake sure they are tall enough to cover your ankles, which will keep them supported as you ride. Opt for a heel between 1 and 1 ½ inches to prevent your feet from spilling out of the stirrups. At the same time, avoid boots with heavy treads, which may cause your feet to become stuck in the stirrups, preventing a quick dismount in an emergency. Do not wear the following:\\nWaffle treads\\nThick treads\\nHiking boots\\nWinter boots\\nSneakers\\nSandals and flip-flops\\n3-2. Choose flexible clothing.\\nFor upstairs, stick to sweatshirts and T-shirts so your arms and upper torso aren’t restricted. In colder weather, opt for layers topped with a vest to keep your arms mobile. Downstairs, favor tights, jeans, and sweatpants. Be sure that they are flexible enough to allow your legs to move freely.\\nAlthough you want your clothes to allow you freedom of movement, they should still be form-fitting or close to it. Loose clothing may become caught on your equipment or surroundings, which can lead to injury.\\nDon’t wear pants that easily become twisted or bunched up as you move in them.\\nDon't wear shorts when you go riding, or else your legs will chafe and hurt a lot.\\n3-3. Adjust your stirrups’ length.\\nIf your knees feel strained as you ride, play with the length to find one that helps alleviate the pain. Length is a matter of personal preference, so don’t feel obligated to copy a more experienced rider if their preferred length causes you pain. As you shorten and lengthen your stirrups, remember:\\nYou want to find a leg position that allows your legs to comfortably exert enough force into the stirrups to raise your butt a little. This prevents you from sitting with all of your body weight on the saddle, which will make your butt sore.\\nTry placing your stirrup so your knees are bent at about a 45°angle for a comfortable fit.\\nIf your stirrups are too short, your knees will be too bent, which can cause some knee pain. If the stirrups are too long, your legs are too straight, and that will also put strain on your legs.\\n3-4. Use a saddle whose stirrups swing freely.\\nWhenever you go downhill, let your feet follow gravity. Straighten your legs in a forward direction as you descend. Do this to lessen the amount of pressure that your knees have to bear.\\nOnly use loose stirrups to straighten your legs forward. Sticking them out to your sides as if you were doing a split causes your muscles to tense up all over.\\nIn addition, choose a saddle that's the right size for you.\\n3-5. Use light reins.\\nExpect your hands to grow numb or sore from having to hold the reins over the course of long rides. If possible, avoid using a thick rein made of rope. Instead, use a thinner rein made of leather, which is usually lighter and less taxing in the long run.\\nAlso, wear gloves to prevent blisters.\\n3-6. Sit on a “seat saver.”\\nSoften the blows that your butt has to endure from sitting on a hard saddle. Cover the saddle with a seat saver whose cushioning absorbs most of the shock before it reaches your rear. Store your seat saver somewhere warm and dry after your ride.\\nKeep in mind that some seat savers’ material (especially foam) may act like a sponge if it gets wet. This means it will become just as hard as your saddle if temperatures dip below freezing.\\nTips\\nKeep in mind that riding a horse uses muscles that you might not normally use. A little soreness is normal after a ride, especially when you're just starting out.[24]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nJessica RudeEquine Expert\\nExpert Interview. 18 September 2020.\\nStart slow and build up. Start riding for a short time (30 minutes or so) once or twice a week to build up muscles before trying a longer ride. Starting with a 3 hour ride leaves many people unable to walk the next day.\\nWarnings\\nIf you're in pain, always alert your instructor for advice. If the pain does not improve or worsens, always speak with your doctor.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There’s no way around it: horse-riding definitely jostles you around. This can leave you sore and strained afterward, especially if you are a beginner who is still getting used to it. Choosing the right equipment and clothing can definitely help minimize sore spots. But even more important is riding with proper posture and maintaining strong core muscles. These will help you stay relaxed and fluid as you ride so you don’t tense up and strain yourself.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintaining Good Posture\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ride as though you’re standing up, not sitting.\", \"描述\": \"Imagine that the horse suddenly winks out of existence from underneath you. Ride so that you would immediately land on your feet in a standing position if this were to happen. Ask a spotter to watch you ride and correct your posture as you go. Aim to maintain an unbroken line from your ear, through your shoulder and hip, and all the way down to your heel when viewed from the side.\\nAlthough this form is considered ideal, the exception would be if you need to adjust your stirrups to alleviate strain in your knees.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hug the horse with your legs.\", \"描述\": \"Although the horse’s body will force your upper legs to stick out to your sides, resist the urge to follow through with your lower legs. Don’t stick your whole leg out to the side. Keep your lower legs close enough to the horse’s body to maintain contact.\\nAsk a spotter to watch you as you ride straight toward them. Have them alert you whenever you start to straighten your legs to the side.\\nExerting pressure downward into the stirrups and out to your sides can lead to ankle and knee pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid arching your back.\", \"描述\": \"Sit up straight to keep a straight line running from ear to shoulder to hip. However, be careful not to overdo it by arching backward. Stay seated on the seat-bones on your butt.\\nArching your back causes your weight to shift forward, which means you’ll be landing on your tender bits instead of the bones in your butt as you bounce in the saddle.\\nBeing able to sit up straight without having to think about it is an important reason to strengthen your core both on and off the horse. This will prevent you from tensing up as you try to maintain posture.\\nIn the meantime, focus on drawing your bellybutton in toward your spine. Concentrate only on the muscles required for this. This will help keep your back relaxed as you ride.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Point your toes slightly outward.\", \"描述\": \"Disregard outdated instructions about pointing your toes straight ahead of you. Avoid the unnecessary stress that this places on your joints. Instead, angle your feet so that each is pointing away from the horse by just a smidge. As you do, keep the balls of your feet in the stirrup. Stop when the weight of each foot feels evenly distributed across the entire stirrup.\\nThis may be referred to as “pronating” by instructors.\\nIt's always best to wear boots with a small heel, so your feet can stay steady in the stirrups.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Strengthening Your Core\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tuck, twist, turn.\", \"描述\": \"To start, stand up with your feet placed under your hips. Curl your fingers into loose fists with your thumbs sticking out. Keep your upper arms and elbows tucked to your sides. Raise your forearms to either side of you, with your palms facing up and your thumbs pointing behind you. Then:\\nBend your knees a little bit while tucking your tailbone inward.\\nKeeping your feet in place, turn your upper torso to one side, twisting from your waist.\\nStop once your rear arm is pointed directly behind your butt.\\nTwist back to your original position, again using the muscles in your waist.\\nPerform the same movements on your other side for one rep.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Balance your core.\", \"描述\": \"To begin, stand with your feet placed a hand’s length apart. Keeping your upper arms and elbow tucked to your sides, raise your forearms straight out to either side with your palms facing in front of you. Spread your fingers wide to keep the muscles in your hands, arms, and back active (think “jazz hands”). Next:\\nRaise one foot slightly off the ground.\\nKeep your other leg’s knee slightly bent to better absorb your body weight.\\nRotate your raised foot until your toes point inward.\\nFocus on your heel as it directs each movement, not your toes.\\nLower your foot and repeat the exercise with your other foot.\\nConcentrate on your heels throughout to keep your core muscles engaged.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Clap your hands.\", \"描述\": \"Get into position by standing back against a wall. Set your feet a hand’s length apart. Bend your knees as you do so your entire back makes contact with the wall. Tuck your upper arms and elbows into your side. Raise your forearms straight out to either side. Now:\\nSweep your forearms in toward each to clap your hands in front of you.\\nAs you do, keep your forearms perpendicular to your body.\\nOnce your hands have clapped, fold your fingers with your thumbs on top to mimic holding a rein.\\nBring your forearms back to starting position and repeat.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gearing Up\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wear the right boots.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure they are tall enough to cover your ankles, which will keep them supported as you ride. Opt for a heel between 1 and 1 ½ inches to prevent your feet from spilling out of the stirrups. At the same time, avoid boots with heavy treads, which may cause your feet to become stuck in the stirrups, preventing a quick dismount in an emergency. Do not wear the following:\\nWaffle treads\\nThick treads\\nHiking boots\\nWinter boots\\nSneakers\\nSandals and flip-flops\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose flexible clothing.\", \"描述\": \"For upstairs, stick to sweatshirts and T-shirts so your arms and upper torso aren’t restricted. In colder weather, opt for layers topped with a vest to keep your arms mobile. Downstairs, favor tights, jeans, and sweatpants. Be sure that they are flexible enough to allow your legs to move freely.\\nAlthough you want your clothes to allow you freedom of movement, they should still be form-fitting or close to it. Loose clothing may become caught on your equipment or surroundings, which can lead to injury.\\nDon’t wear pants that easily become twisted or bunched up as you move in them.\\nDon't wear shorts when you go riding, or else your legs will chafe and hurt a lot.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust your stirrups’ length.\", \"描述\": \"If your knees feel strained as you ride, play with the length to find one that helps alleviate the pain. Length is a matter of personal preference, so don’t feel obligated to copy a more experienced rider if their preferred length causes you pain. As you shorten and lengthen your stirrups, remember:\\nYou want to find a leg position that allows your legs to comfortably exert enough force into the stirrups to raise your butt a little. This prevents you from sitting with all of your body weight on the saddle, which will make your butt sore.\\nTry placing your stirrup so your knees are bent at about a 45°angle for a comfortable fit.\\nIf your stirrups are too short, your knees will be too bent, which can cause some knee pain. If the stirrups are too long, your legs are too straight, and that will also put strain on your legs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use a saddle whose stirrups swing freely.\", \"描述\": \"Whenever you go downhill, let your feet follow gravity. Straighten your legs in a forward direction as you descend. Do this to lessen the amount of pressure that your knees have to bear.\\nOnly use loose stirrups to straighten your legs forward. Sticking them out to your sides as if you were doing a split causes your muscles to tense up all over.\\nIn addition, choose a saddle that's the right size for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use light reins.\", \"描述\": \"Expect your hands to grow numb or sore from having to hold the reins over the course of long rides. If possible, avoid using a thick rein made of rope. Instead, use a thinner rein made of leather, which is usually lighter and less taxing in the long run.\\nAlso, wear gloves to prevent blisters.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sit on a “seat saver.”\", \"描述\": \"Soften the blows that your butt has to endure from sitting on a hard saddle. Cover the saddle with a seat saver whose cushioning absorbs most of the shock before it reaches your rear. Store your seat saver somewhere warm and dry after your ride.\\nKeep in mind that some seat savers’ material (especially foam) may act like a sponge if it gets wet. This means it will become just as hard as your saddle if temperatures dip below freezing.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep in mind that riding a horse uses muscles that you might not normally use. A little soreness is normal after a ride, especially when you're just starting out.[24]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nJessica RudeEquine Expert\\nExpert Interview. 18 September 2020.\\n\", \"Start slow and build up. Start riding for a short time (30 minutes or so) once or twice a week to build up muscles before trying a longer ride. Starting with a 3 hour ride leaves many people unable to walk the next day.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you're in pain, always alert your instructor for advice. If the pain does not improve or worsens, always speak with your doctor.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,205 | How to Avoid Spilling | 1. Steps
1-1. Walk slowly.
Scientists have found that a cup of coffee just happens to be the right size to set up waves when we walk. The faster one walks, the quicker and stronger the waves. You know what happens next—flying coffee! By walking slower, the sympathetic resonances are decreased, and your drink stays where it belongs.
1-2. Look at your drink.
Keep your eye on your drink, not your feet. This not only helps you walk slower, by focusing on your drink you are constantly aware and making adjustments for any sloshing that's going on.
1-3. Don't rush.
The slower you start moving, the less the drink in your cup will start sloshing. By not dashing from here to there, you make it easier to keep your drink in the cup, and not on the ground. Be alert for others in the area, since a bump or even a close call can result in an accident.
1-4. Hold the cup or plate with both hands.
This makes it easier to control. Make several trips instead of trying to carry a plate in one hand and a glass in the other.
1-5. Don't carry drinks on an empty stomach.
Have a snack, or drink some juice and eat some fruit if you are going to an event where you're to have food. Holding anything on an empty stomach can be extra difficult.
1-6. Know which hand is steady and for what things.
If you're using one hand to carry a beverage, use your steady hand. If you're using two hands, use the steady hand to control the sloshing, and the other hand as support.
1-7. Know your limits.
Soup is nearly impossible to carry on a cafeteria tray if you have a hand tremor. Avoid it or soak a piece of bread in it.
1-8. Carry a cafeteria tray with one forearm under the tray.
Your forearm can be much steadier than your hands. Also, either avoid putting tall drinks on a cafeteria tray or hold both the tray and the drink with one of your hands.
Tips
Try out various techniques at home, before trying these with others.
Don't fill your glass to the rim. Leave room for the inevitable sloshing.
Use a cup with a lid, especially when carrying coffee. Spilling a soda on yourself—messy. Spilling hot coffee on yourself—dangerous.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Walk slowly.\\nScientists have found that a cup of coffee just happens to be the right size to set up waves when we walk. The faster one walks, the quicker and stronger the waves. You know what happens next—flying coffee! By walking slower, the sympathetic resonances are decreased, and your drink stays where it belongs.\\n1-2. Look at your drink.\\nKeep your eye on your drink, not your feet. This not only helps you walk slower, by focusing on your drink you are constantly aware and making adjustments for any sloshing that's going on.\\n1-3. Don't rush.\\nThe slower you start moving, the less the drink in your cup will start sloshing. By not dashing from here to there, you make it easier to keep your drink in the cup, and not on the ground. Be alert for others in the area, since a bump or even a close call can result in an accident.\\n1-4. Hold the cup or plate with both hands.\\nThis makes it easier to control. Make several trips instead of trying to carry a plate in one hand and a glass in the other.\\n1-5. Don't carry drinks on an empty stomach.\\nHave a snack, or drink some juice and eat some fruit if you are going to an event where you're to have food. Holding anything on an empty stomach can be extra difficult.\\n1-6. Know which hand is steady and for what things.\\nIf you're using one hand to carry a beverage, use your steady hand. If you're using two hands, use the steady hand to control the sloshing, and the other hand as support.\\n1-7. Know your limits.\\nSoup is nearly impossible to carry on a cafeteria tray if you have a hand tremor. Avoid it or soak a piece of bread in it.\\n1-8. Carry a cafeteria tray with one forearm under the tray.\\nYour forearm can be much steadier than your hands. Also, either avoid putting tall drinks on a cafeteria tray or hold both the tray and the drink with one of your hands.\\nTips\\nTry out various techniques at home, before trying these with others.\\nDon't fill your glass to the rim. Leave room for the inevitable sloshing.\\nUse a cup with a lid, especially when carrying coffee. Spilling a soda on yourself—messy. Spilling hot coffee on yourself—dangerous.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"It's embarrassing to spill your drink, but sometimes it can seem unavoidable. You may have a hand tremor so it is difficult to hold a cup or glass without spilling, or perhaps you've just had too many accidents lately. We'll show how to walk with a cup, glass or plate without spilling.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Walk slowly.\", \"描述\": \"Scientists have found that a cup of coffee just happens to be the right size to set up waves when we walk. The faster one walks, the quicker and stronger the waves. You know what happens next—flying coffee! By walking slower, the sympathetic resonances are decreased, and your drink stays where it belongs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look at your drink.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your eye on your drink, not your feet. This not only helps you walk slower, by focusing on your drink you are constantly aware and making adjustments for any sloshing that's going on.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't rush.\", \"描述\": \"The slower you start moving, the less the drink in your cup will start sloshing. By not dashing from here to there, you make it easier to keep your drink in the cup, and not on the ground. Be alert for others in the area, since a bump or even a close call can result in an accident.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hold the cup or plate with both hands.\", \"描述\": \"This makes it easier to control. Make several trips instead of trying to carry a plate in one hand and a glass in the other.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Don't carry drinks on an empty stomach.\", \"描述\": \"Have a snack, or drink some juice and eat some fruit if you are going to an event where you're to have food. Holding anything on an empty stomach can be extra difficult.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Know which hand is steady and for what things.\", \"描述\": \"If you're using one hand to carry a beverage, use your steady hand. If you're using two hands, use the steady hand to control the sloshing, and the other hand as support.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Know your limits.\", \"描述\": \"Soup is nearly impossible to carry on a cafeteria tray if you have a hand tremor. Avoid it or soak a piece of bread in it.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Carry a cafeteria tray with one forearm under the tray.\", \"描述\": \"Your forearm can be much steadier than your hands. Also, either avoid putting tall drinks on a cafeteria tray or hold both the tray and the drink with one of your hands.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try out various techniques at home, before trying these with others.\\n\", \"Don't fill your glass to the rim. Leave room for the inevitable sloshing.\\n\", \"Use a cup with a lid, especially when carrying coffee. Spilling a soda on yourself—messy. Spilling hot coffee on yourself—dangerous.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,206 | How to Avoid Stomach Pain when Taking Antibiotics | 1. Taking Antibiotics Correctly
1-1. Follow your doctor’s instructions exactly.
When your doctor writes you a prescription for antibiotics, they will give you specific instructions regarding how to take the medication. Following these instructions exactly can help to reduce your chances of developing stomach pain, as your doctor will most likely give you tips on how to avoid this unpleasant side effect.
Your instructions may include a specific time that you should take the antibiotics so that they will have the least effect on your stomach.
Unless the label indicates otherwise, store your antibiotics in a dark, dry place.
Some antibiotics may need to be stored in the refrigerator. If so, store your medicine in the fresh food compartment. Never freeze your antibiotics.
1-2. Determine if your antibiotics should be taken with food.
Some antibiotics are meant to be taken with food. This is because the food acts as a neutralizer or shield against the antibiotics, protecting your stomach from gastrointestinal distress. If your instructions include taking your antibiotics with food, make sure to do so every time you have to take your medication or else you may end up with an upset stomach.
Some antibiotics are meant to be taken on an empty stomach. These sorts of antibiotics include ampicillin and tetracycline. You should not take food with these drugs because the food affects the speed at which these medications can act upon your body.
If need to take your antibiotics on an empty stomach, it's best to take them before breakfast, Set an alarm for yourself if you need help remembering.
Some antibiotics may cause stomach pain when taken certain foods. For example tetracycline may result in stomach pain when taken with dairy products. To avoid stomach pain when taking tetracycline (or its counterparts, doxycycline and minocycline), stay away from dairy products for the length of time you're taking the antibiotic.
1-3. Make sure to take the correct amount of the antibiotic each day.
Be precise in your taking of your antibiotics; do not underdose, overdose, or double dose. While underdosing will have less of an effect on the bacterial infection you are trying to fight, overdosing can increase the potency of the drug, making it much more likely that you will have an upset stomach.
If you have a hard time remembering if you have already taken your medication for the day, hang a calendar where you keep your medications. When you take your antibiotics for the day, cross the day off on the calendar with a pen. That way, you will not double dose accidentally.
Your prescription will be written for the amount of time it will take the antibiotic to fight off the bacterial infection. If you don't take your antibiotic as prescribed, it's likely the bacteria that's left can restart an infection, or the antibiotics may not work as well the next time they're needed.
1-4. Increase the amount of good bacteria in your body.
Aside from fighting off the bad bacteria in your body, antibiotics may also attack the good bacteria in your body. When this good bacteria is attacked, you may experience stomach pain. Try restoring your healthy levels of good bacteria to address stomach pain. While some people think good bacteria has a positive effect, current research is conflicting. Always check with your doctor before trying any new supplements.
Plain, unsweetened yogurt is an excellent source of probiotics or good bacteria. While you normally only have to eat 1 serving of yogurt a day to reap its benefits, consider eating 3 to 5 servings of yogurt a day when you are taking antibiotics to replenish your stores of good bacteria. Look for yogurt that contains live, active culture for best results.
Garlic is a good source of prebiotics. Prebiotics provide nourishment for probiotics (found in, for example, yogurt, raw sauerkraut). A serving of 3 large cloves per day may help protect your healthy levels of healthy bacteria (just be aware that this may cause bad breath).
Other sources of good bacteria include miso, sauerkraut, kombucha, and kefir.
Cut back on sugar while you are taking the antibiotics. Sugar may lead to bacterial overgrowth.
Drinking chicken broth while you are taking antibiotics may also be helpful.
1-5. Tell your doctor about past experiences you've had with antibiotics.
If you have a known history of stomach pain caused by antibiotics, you should discuss this fact with your doctor. Your doctor may give you an alternative drug.
Your doctor may also adjust the dose so that it is less likely that the medication will cause you stomach pain, or he can prescribe antiemetic medication to lessen gastrointestinal upset like nausea or vomiting.
Certain antibiotics may cause an allergic reaction. If you start to notice rash or itching when taking a new antibiotic, call your doctor immediately.
2. Alleviating Stomach Pain
2-1. Drink a cup of chamomile tea.
Chamomile is a mild herbal remedy that can works as an anti-inflammatory. If your stomach lining is upset by the imbalance of bacteria as a result of your medication, chamomile tea can help soothe your stomach. Although some studies support the use of chamomile tea for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.
Bring water to a boil, then pour over a chamomile tea bag.
Cover your teacup or your pot, and allow your tea to steep for 15 to 20 minutes. The longer your tea steeps, the stronger it will be.
Add a teaspoon of honey or other sweetener if you like, but the tea itself is quite sweet without additional sweetener.
2-2. Apply a "hot" pack to your belly.
Placing a hot water bottle or electric heating pad may help your stomach relax, and feel better. If your pain is due to cramps caused by antibiotics, the feeling of warmth against your skin may help you relax and feel better.
If you don't have a hot pack, try filling a clean cloth container (a sock will work) with dried pinto beans or rice. Make sure the container is closed (you can tie it closed, or use a clothespin) and put it in the microwave for 30 seconds (or until the ingredients are warm to the touch).
Don't let the hot pack get too hot. You want it to feel warm against your skin.
Find a comfortable place to lie down, where you can balance the hot pack against your stomach. Leave it in place for at least 15 minutes. You may repeat as often as you'd like to.
2-3. Drink some rice water.
Rice water is water that is left over after cooking rice. Drinking rice water helps soothe the stomach by making a sort of soothing barrier over the lining of your stomach. Although some studies support the use of rice water for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective..
Make your own rice water by cooking 1/2 cup of rice (plain white rice is fine) with twice the amount of water required - in this case, 1/2 cup of rice should be cooked with 2 cups of water. Bring the rice-water mix to a boil, then turn it down and allow it to simmer for 20 minutes, or until the rice is tender.
Pour rice and water through a sieve, reserving the rice for a bland meal. Catch the rice water in a bowl or kitchen pot.
Fill a drinking glass with the rice water, and enjoy the rice water warm. You can add a spoonful of honey if you'd like.
2-4. Enjoy a hot cup of fresh ginger tea.
Ginger relaxes the muscles that line your intestinal tract and is a well-known remedy for stomach cramps. Ginger root is also great for relieving nausea. Sipping on a warm infusion of ginger tea may help relieve the stomach pain caused by antibiotics. Although some studies support the use of ginger for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.
Wash, peel, and roughly chop 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of ginger root. Bring 1 to 2 cups of water to a boil, then add your ginger. The more water you use, the more diluted your tea will be; however, if you steep the ginger in the water, your tea will be stronger.
Boil for three to five minutes, then allow to steep for three to five minutes more.
Remove the ginger tea from the heat, strain out the chunks of ginger, and pour your fresh ginger tea into a mug or teapot.
You may add a spoonful of honey or other sweetener if you wish. Some people enjoy a slice of lemon with their hot ginger tea, which may also help with stomach pain.
Tips
Avoid using antibiotics when you really do not need one. Antibiotics should only be taken when there is actual bacterial infection. Without this, the antibiotic will just attack beneficial bacteria, leading to new problems. Moreover, bacteria may mutate and increase their resistance against antibiotics and by the time you really need an antibiotic, your doctor might increase the dose.
Remember that antibiotics do not kill viruses. If you have a cold or other viral infection, do not request an antibiotic.
Warnings
Never share your antibiotics with another person. Take only medication that's prescribed for you.
If you are thinking of taking another medication to ease your stomach pain, you need to tell your doctor before doing so. Some pain medication can interact with antibiotics and may affect its efficacy.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:29",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Taking Antibiotics Correctly\\n1-1. Follow your doctor’s instructions exactly.\\nWhen your doctor writes you a prescription for antibiotics, they will give you specific instructions regarding how to take the medication. Following these instructions exactly can help to reduce your chances of developing stomach pain, as your doctor will most likely give you tips on how to avoid this unpleasant side effect.\\nYour instructions may include a specific time that you should take the antibiotics so that they will have the least effect on your stomach.\\nUnless the label indicates otherwise, store your antibiotics in a dark, dry place.\\nSome antibiotics may need to be stored in the refrigerator. If so, store your medicine in the fresh food compartment. Never freeze your antibiotics.\\n1-2. Determine if your antibiotics should be taken with food.\\nSome antibiotics are meant to be taken with food. This is because the food acts as a neutralizer or shield against the antibiotics, protecting your stomach from gastrointestinal distress. If your instructions include taking your antibiotics with food, make sure to do so every time you have to take your medication or else you may end up with an upset stomach. \\nSome antibiotics are meant to be taken on an empty stomach. These sorts of antibiotics include ampicillin and tetracycline. You should not take food with these drugs because the food affects the speed at which these medications can act upon your body.\\nIf need to take your antibiotics on an empty stomach, it's best to take them before breakfast, Set an alarm for yourself if you need help remembering.\\nSome antibiotics may cause stomach pain when taken certain foods. For example tetracycline may result in stomach pain when taken with dairy products. To avoid stomach pain when taking tetracycline (or its counterparts, doxycycline and minocycline), stay away from dairy products for the length of time you're taking the antibiotic.\\n1-3. Make sure to take the correct amount of the antibiotic each day.\\nBe precise in your taking of your antibiotics; do not underdose, overdose, or double dose. While underdosing will have less of an effect on the bacterial infection you are trying to fight, overdosing can increase the potency of the drug, making it much more likely that you will have an upset stomach. \\nIf you have a hard time remembering if you have already taken your medication for the day, hang a calendar where you keep your medications. When you take your antibiotics for the day, cross the day off on the calendar with a pen. That way, you will not double dose accidentally.\\nYour prescription will be written for the amount of time it will take the antibiotic to fight off the bacterial infection. If you don't take your antibiotic as prescribed, it's likely the bacteria that's left can restart an infection, or the antibiotics may not work as well the next time they're needed.\\n1-4. Increase the amount of good bacteria in your body.\\nAside from fighting off the bad bacteria in your body, antibiotics may also attack the good bacteria in your body. When this good bacteria is attacked, you may experience stomach pain. Try restoring your healthy levels of good bacteria to address stomach pain. While some people think good bacteria has a positive effect, current research is conflicting. Always check with your doctor before trying any new supplements.\\nPlain, unsweetened yogurt is an excellent source of probiotics or good bacteria. While you normally only have to eat 1 serving of yogurt a day to reap its benefits, consider eating 3 to 5 servings of yogurt a day when you are taking antibiotics to replenish your stores of good bacteria. Look for yogurt that contains live, active culture for best results.\\nGarlic is a good source of prebiotics. Prebiotics provide nourishment for probiotics (found in, for example, yogurt, raw sauerkraut). A serving of 3 large cloves per day may help protect your healthy levels of healthy bacteria (just be aware that this may cause bad breath).\\nOther sources of good bacteria include miso, sauerkraut, kombucha, and kefir.\\nCut back on sugar while you are taking the antibiotics. Sugar may lead to bacterial overgrowth.\\nDrinking chicken broth while you are taking antibiotics may also be helpful.\\n1-5. Tell your doctor about past experiences you've had with antibiotics.\\nIf you have a known history of stomach pain caused by antibiotics, you should discuss this fact with your doctor. Your doctor may give you an alternative drug. \\nYour doctor may also adjust the dose so that it is less likely that the medication will cause you stomach pain, or he can prescribe antiemetic medication to lessen gastrointestinal upset like nausea or vomiting.\\nCertain antibiotics may cause an allergic reaction. If you start to notice rash or itching when taking a new antibiotic, call your doctor immediately.\\n2. Alleviating Stomach Pain\\n2-1. Drink a cup of chamomile tea.\\nChamomile is a mild herbal remedy that can works as an anti-inflammatory. If your stomach lining is upset by the imbalance of bacteria as a result of your medication, chamomile tea can help soothe your stomach. Although some studies support the use of chamomile tea for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.\\nBring water to a boil, then pour over a chamomile tea bag.\\nCover your teacup or your pot, and allow your tea to steep for 15 to 20 minutes. The longer your tea steeps, the stronger it will be.\\nAdd a teaspoon of honey or other sweetener if you like, but the tea itself is quite sweet without additional sweetener.\\n2-2. Apply a \\\"hot\\\" pack to your belly.\\nPlacing a hot water bottle or electric heating pad may help your stomach relax, and feel better. If your pain is due to cramps caused by antibiotics, the feeling of warmth against your skin may help you relax and feel better. \\nIf you don't have a hot pack, try filling a clean cloth container (a sock will work) with dried pinto beans or rice. Make sure the container is closed (you can tie it closed, or use a clothespin) and put it in the microwave for 30 seconds (or until the ingredients are warm to the touch).\\nDon't let the hot pack get too hot. You want it to feel warm against your skin.\\nFind a comfortable place to lie down, where you can balance the hot pack against your stomach. Leave it in place for at least 15 minutes. You may repeat as often as you'd like to.\\n2-3. Drink some rice water.\\nRice water is water that is left over after cooking rice. Drinking rice water helps soothe the stomach by making a sort of soothing barrier over the lining of your stomach. Although some studies support the use of rice water for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective..\\nMake your own rice water by cooking 1/2 cup of rice (plain white rice is fine) with twice the amount of water required - in this case, 1/2 cup of rice should be cooked with 2 cups of water. Bring the rice-water mix to a boil, then turn it down and allow it to simmer for 20 minutes, or until the rice is tender.\\nPour rice and water through a sieve, reserving the rice for a bland meal. Catch the rice water in a bowl or kitchen pot.\\nFill a drinking glass with the rice water, and enjoy the rice water warm. You can add a spoonful of honey if you'd like.\\n2-4. Enjoy a hot cup of fresh ginger tea.\\nGinger relaxes the muscles that line your intestinal tract and is a well-known remedy for stomach cramps. Ginger root is also great for relieving nausea. Sipping on a warm infusion of ginger tea may help relieve the stomach pain caused by antibiotics. Although some studies support the use of ginger for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.\\nWash, peel, and roughly chop 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of ginger root. Bring 1 to 2 cups of water to a boil, then add your ginger. The more water you use, the more diluted your tea will be; however, if you steep the ginger in the water, your tea will be stronger.\\nBoil for three to five minutes, then allow to steep for three to five minutes more.\\nRemove the ginger tea from the heat, strain out the chunks of ginger, and pour your fresh ginger tea into a mug or teapot.\\nYou may add a spoonful of honey or other sweetener if you wish. Some people enjoy a slice of lemon with their hot ginger tea, which may also help with stomach pain.\\nTips\\nAvoid using antibiotics when you really do not need one. Antibiotics should only be taken when there is actual bacterial infection. Without this, the antibiotic will just attack beneficial bacteria, leading to new problems. Moreover, bacteria may mutate and increase their resistance against antibiotics and by the time you really need an antibiotic, your doctor might increase the dose.\\nRemember that antibiotics do not kill viruses. If you have a cold or other viral infection, do not request an antibiotic.\\nWarnings\\nNever share your antibiotics with another person. Take only medication that's prescribed for you.\\nIf you are thinking of taking another medication to ease your stomach pain, you need to tell your doctor before doing so. Some pain medication can interact with antibiotics and may affect its efficacy.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"While antibiotics work well when fighting off bacterial infections, they can often have a less productive effect on your digestive system. Stomach pain is a common side effect of taking antibiotics, because antibiotics can kill the normal bacteria in your stomach. Luckily, there are some methods you can use to reduce your chances of experiencing stomach pain when taking your medication.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Taking Antibiotics Correctly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow your doctor’s instructions exactly.\", \"描述\": \"When your doctor writes you a prescription for antibiotics, they will give you specific instructions regarding how to take the medication. Following these instructions exactly can help to reduce your chances of developing stomach pain, as your doctor will most likely give you tips on how to avoid this unpleasant side effect.\\nYour instructions may include a specific time that you should take the antibiotics so that they will have the least effect on your stomach.\\nUnless the label indicates otherwise, store your antibiotics in a dark, dry place.\\nSome antibiotics may need to be stored in the refrigerator. If so, store your medicine in the fresh food compartment. Never freeze your antibiotics.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine if your antibiotics should be taken with food.\", \"描述\": \"Some antibiotics are meant to be taken with food. This is because the food acts as a neutralizer or shield against the antibiotics, protecting your stomach from gastrointestinal distress. If your instructions include taking your antibiotics with food, make sure to do so every time you have to take your medication or else you may end up with an upset stomach. \\nSome antibiotics are meant to be taken on an empty stomach. These sorts of antibiotics include ampicillin and tetracycline. You should not take food with these drugs because the food affects the speed at which these medications can act upon your body.\\nIf need to take your antibiotics on an empty stomach, it's best to take them before breakfast, Set an alarm for yourself if you need help remembering.\\nSome antibiotics may cause stomach pain when taken certain foods. For example tetracycline may result in stomach pain when taken with dairy products. To avoid stomach pain when taking tetracycline (or its counterparts, doxycycline and minocycline), stay away from dairy products for the length of time you're taking the antibiotic.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make sure to take the correct amount of the antibiotic each day.\", \"描述\": \"Be precise in your taking of your antibiotics; do not underdose, overdose, or double dose. While underdosing will have less of an effect on the bacterial infection you are trying to fight, overdosing can increase the potency of the drug, making it much more likely that you will have an upset stomach. \\nIf you have a hard time remembering if you have already taken your medication for the day, hang a calendar where you keep your medications. When you take your antibiotics for the day, cross the day off on the calendar with a pen. That way, you will not double dose accidentally.\\nYour prescription will be written for the amount of time it will take the antibiotic to fight off the bacterial infection. If you don't take your antibiotic as prescribed, it's likely the bacteria that's left can restart an infection, or the antibiotics may not work as well the next time they're needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Increase the amount of good bacteria in your body.\", \"描述\": \"Aside from fighting off the bad bacteria in your body, antibiotics may also attack the good bacteria in your body. When this good bacteria is attacked, you may experience stomach pain. Try restoring your healthy levels of good bacteria to address stomach pain. While some people think good bacteria has a positive effect, current research is conflicting. Always check with your doctor before trying any new supplements.\\nPlain, unsweetened yogurt is an excellent source of probiotics or good bacteria. While you normally only have to eat 1 serving of yogurt a day to reap its benefits, consider eating 3 to 5 servings of yogurt a day when you are taking antibiotics to replenish your stores of good bacteria. Look for yogurt that contains live, active culture for best results.\\nGarlic is a good source of prebiotics. Prebiotics provide nourishment for probiotics (found in, for example, yogurt, raw sauerkraut). A serving of 3 large cloves per day may help protect your healthy levels of healthy bacteria (just be aware that this may cause bad breath).\\nOther sources of good bacteria include miso, sauerkraut, kombucha, and kefir.\\nCut back on sugar while you are taking the antibiotics. Sugar may lead to bacterial overgrowth.\\nDrinking chicken broth while you are taking antibiotics may also be helpful.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Tell your doctor about past experiences you've had with antibiotics.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a known history of stomach pain caused by antibiotics, you should discuss this fact with your doctor. Your doctor may give you an alternative drug. \\nYour doctor may also adjust the dose so that it is less likely that the medication will cause you stomach pain, or he can prescribe antiemetic medication to lessen gastrointestinal upset like nausea or vomiting.\\nCertain antibiotics may cause an allergic reaction. If you start to notice rash or itching when taking a new antibiotic, call your doctor immediately.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Alleviating Stomach Pain\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Drink a cup of chamomile tea.\", \"描述\": \"Chamomile is a mild herbal remedy that can works as an anti-inflammatory. If your stomach lining is upset by the imbalance of bacteria as a result of your medication, chamomile tea can help soothe your stomach. Although some studies support the use of chamomile tea for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.\\nBring water to a boil, then pour over a chamomile tea bag.\\nCover your teacup or your pot, and allow your tea to steep for 15 to 20 minutes. The longer your tea steeps, the stronger it will be.\\nAdd a teaspoon of honey or other sweetener if you like, but the tea itself is quite sweet without additional sweetener.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply a \\\"hot\\\" pack to your belly.\", \"描述\": \"Placing a hot water bottle or electric heating pad may help your stomach relax, and feel better. If your pain is due to cramps caused by antibiotics, the feeling of warmth against your skin may help you relax and feel better. \\nIf you don't have a hot pack, try filling a clean cloth container (a sock will work) with dried pinto beans or rice. Make sure the container is closed (you can tie it closed, or use a clothespin) and put it in the microwave for 30 seconds (or until the ingredients are warm to the touch).\\nDon't let the hot pack get too hot. You want it to feel warm against your skin.\\nFind a comfortable place to lie down, where you can balance the hot pack against your stomach. Leave it in place for at least 15 minutes. You may repeat as often as you'd like to.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Drink some rice water.\", \"描述\": \"Rice water is water that is left over after cooking rice. Drinking rice water helps soothe the stomach by making a sort of soothing barrier over the lining of your stomach. Although some studies support the use of rice water for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective..\\nMake your own rice water by cooking 1/2 cup of rice (plain white rice is fine) with twice the amount of water required - in this case, 1/2 cup of rice should be cooked with 2 cups of water. Bring the rice-water mix to a boil, then turn it down and allow it to simmer for 20 minutes, or until the rice is tender.\\nPour rice and water through a sieve, reserving the rice for a bland meal. Catch the rice water in a bowl or kitchen pot.\\nFill a drinking glass with the rice water, and enjoy the rice water warm. You can add a spoonful of honey if you'd like.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enjoy a hot cup of fresh ginger tea.\", \"描述\": \"Ginger relaxes the muscles that line your intestinal tract and is a well-known remedy for stomach cramps. Ginger root is also great for relieving nausea. Sipping on a warm infusion of ginger tea may help relieve the stomach pain caused by antibiotics. Although some studies support the use of ginger for stomach pain, more research needs to be done to determine whether it is effective.\\nWash, peel, and roughly chop 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of ginger root. Bring 1 to 2 cups of water to a boil, then add your ginger. The more water you use, the more diluted your tea will be; however, if you steep the ginger in the water, your tea will be stronger.\\nBoil for three to five minutes, then allow to steep for three to five minutes more.\\nRemove the ginger tea from the heat, strain out the chunks of ginger, and pour your fresh ginger tea into a mug or teapot.\\nYou may add a spoonful of honey or other sweetener if you wish. Some people enjoy a slice of lemon with their hot ginger tea, which may also help with stomach pain.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Avoid using antibiotics when you really do not need one. Antibiotics should only be taken when there is actual bacterial infection. Without this, the antibiotic will just attack beneficial bacteria, leading to new problems. Moreover, bacteria may mutate and increase their resistance against antibiotics and by the time you really need an antibiotic, your doctor might increase the dose.\\n\", \"Remember that antibiotics do not kill viruses. If you have a cold or other viral infection, do not request an antibiotic.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never share your antibiotics with another person. Take only medication that's prescribed for you.\\n\", \"If you are thinking of taking another medication to ease your stomach pain, you need to tell your doctor before doing so. Some pain medication can interact with antibiotics and may affect its efficacy.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,207 | How to Avoid Strange People | 1. Using Avoidant Behavior
1-1. Avert your eyes.
Averting your eyes signals to the other person that you are not interested in a conversation. Even if the other person has already engaged you, a slight diversion in eye contact can signal to them that you do not want to continue the conversation.
The rest of your body language can also play a part. Angle your body away from the person and cross your arms or look down.
If you're with a friend, turn and engage in conversation so you can avoid looking at the person you don't want to talk to.
1-2. Stay anonymous.
Acting as if you are alone in your environment makes people want to leave you alone. If there's something about you that stands out, it can act as an unwanted conversation starter.
Clothing can help you blend in or stand out. If you want to blend in, try wearing jeans and a dark-colored top, with plain shoes.
In the summer, wear sunglasses; in the winter, wear a big coat with a hood.
1-3. Preoccupy yourself with something else.
Sometimes averting your eyes isn’t a strong enough cue to signal to the other person that you do not wish to talk to them. Instead, draw your attention toward something in your environment. Changing your body language is a strong indicator that you do not have time to converse.
Rummage for something in your bag, if you have one.
Stop, and look at something around you. Try window shopping if you are on the street, or read a sign that is posted in the hallway.
Pretend as if something is wrong with your shoe, and stop to fix it.
1-4. Use your phone.
You do not have to actually use your phone, just pretend to be speaking to someone. Turn slightly away from the person watching you and begin a one-sided conversation; they'll be none the wiser.
Pretend to answer a phone call. Keep talking as you walk away from the person you want to avoid.
Make sure that your phone is silenced or on vibrate; it would be a dead give-away if you were to receive a call while you are pretending to talk on it!
1-5. Listen to music.
Wear headphones or earbuds so it seems as if you are listening to something. Pretending to listen intently can signal to the other person that you do not want to be disturbed. If you seem to be lost in what you are listening to, you can even get away with not acknowledging the other person.
1-6. Pretend to be late.
Even before you are close enough to converse with someone, you can nonverbally signal to them that you are too busy to talk. Check your watch often and look like you're in a hurry. Tell them "I'm sorry, I'm running late," if they try to engage you.
1-7. Use an App.
There are many apps in the works now for smart-phone users to help them avoid others they don’t want to see.
2. Being Proactive
2-1. Isolate the behavior that bothers you the most.
It could be that the person you want to avoid is actually very nice, but they have a particular habit that rubs you the wrong way. Manage your interactions with this particular person to keep the annoying habit at bay.
If it is the other person’s hygiene habits (a bad smell, picking teeth, etc) that make them seem strange, stand farther away when talking to them or keep conversations to a minimum. In the case of a bad smell, wear loose clothing to pull over your nose (discreetly) so that you won’t be distracted by it.
Try changing the conversation if he/she consistently brings up a subject you are uncomfortable with.
Interact with this person only if there are others around so that you won’t be stuck with the other person by yourself and you can make an easy escape.
Set parameters for your interactions. If you notice the behavior only emerges at certain times (for example, boasting after taking an exam) or around certain people, avoid that person at those times.
2-2. Be firm.
For some people, avoidant (nonsocial) behavior won’t work. You will need to be more obvious in your intentions. Don't be afraid to be direct; this might be the only way to let the other person know that you are uncomfortable.
If someone you don't want to talk to insists on approaching you, it's fine to make an excuse and leave.
If you want to be more direct, tell them, "I'm sorry, I don't want to talk right now."
2-3. Walk away.
If all else fails, walk away. You do not have to stay in a situation that makes you uncomfortable. Even though it might feel rude at the time, if someone keeps pestering you in a way you don't like, it's best to leave.
This is especially true if the person is a complete stranger. Walk in the other direction to disengage.
If it's someone you know, you can use an excuse to slip away, or just start walking.
2-4. Seek outside help.
If the strange behavior crosses a line, ask advice from a trusted friend. They might be able to shed some light on the situation. You can also go to an authority for help if the person continues to bother you.
If a strange person's behavior constitutes harassment, speak to a teacher or supervisor to discuss what actions to take.
If you feel you are in physical danger, seek help from law enforcement.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Avoidant Behavior\\n1-1. Avert your eyes.\\nAverting your eyes signals to the other person that you are not interested in a conversation. Even if the other person has already engaged you, a slight diversion in eye contact can signal to them that you do not want to continue the conversation.\\nThe rest of your body language can also play a part. Angle your body away from the person and cross your arms or look down.\\nIf you're with a friend, turn and engage in conversation so you can avoid looking at the person you don't want to talk to.\\n1-2. Stay anonymous.\\nActing as if you are alone in your environment makes people want to leave you alone. If there's something about you that stands out, it can act as an unwanted conversation starter.\\nClothing can help you blend in or stand out. If you want to blend in, try wearing jeans and a dark-colored top, with plain shoes.\\nIn the summer, wear sunglasses; in the winter, wear a big coat with a hood.\\n1-3. Preoccupy yourself with something else.\\nSometimes averting your eyes isn’t a strong enough cue to signal to the other person that you do not wish to talk to them. Instead, draw your attention toward something in your environment. Changing your body language is a strong indicator that you do not have time to converse.\\nRummage for something in your bag, if you have one.\\nStop, and look at something around you. Try window shopping if you are on the street, or read a sign that is posted in the hallway.\\nPretend as if something is wrong with your shoe, and stop to fix it.\\n1-4. Use your phone.\\nYou do not have to actually use your phone, just pretend to be speaking to someone. Turn slightly away from the person watching you and begin a one-sided conversation; they'll be none the wiser.\\nPretend to answer a phone call. Keep talking as you walk away from the person you want to avoid.\\nMake sure that your phone is silenced or on vibrate; it would be a dead give-away if you were to receive a call while you are pretending to talk on it!\\n1-5. Listen to music.\\nWear headphones or earbuds so it seems as if you are listening to something. Pretending to listen intently can signal to the other person that you do not want to be disturbed. If you seem to be lost in what you are listening to, you can even get away with not acknowledging the other person.\\n1-6. Pretend to be late.\\nEven before you are close enough to converse with someone, you can nonverbally signal to them that you are too busy to talk. Check your watch often and look like you're in a hurry. Tell them \\\"I'm sorry, I'm running late,\\\" if they try to engage you.\\n1-7. Use an App.\\nThere are many apps in the works now for smart-phone users to help them avoid others they don’t want to see.\\n2. Being Proactive\\n2-1. Isolate the behavior that bothers you the most.\\nIt could be that the person you want to avoid is actually very nice, but they have a particular habit that rubs you the wrong way. Manage your interactions with this particular person to keep the annoying habit at bay.\\nIf it is the other person’s hygiene habits (a bad smell, picking teeth, etc) that make them seem strange, stand farther away when talking to them or keep conversations to a minimum. In the case of a bad smell, wear loose clothing to pull over your nose (discreetly) so that you won’t be distracted by it.\\nTry changing the conversation if he/she consistently brings up a subject you are uncomfortable with.\\nInteract with this person only if there are others around so that you won’t be stuck with the other person by yourself and you can make an easy escape.\\nSet parameters for your interactions. If you notice the behavior only emerges at certain times (for example, boasting after taking an exam) or around certain people, avoid that person at those times.\\n2-2. Be firm.\\nFor some people, avoidant (nonsocial) behavior won’t work. You will need to be more obvious in your intentions. Don't be afraid to be direct; this might be the only way to let the other person know that you are uncomfortable.\\nIf someone you don't want to talk to insists on approaching you, it's fine to make an excuse and leave.\\nIf you want to be more direct, tell them, \\\"I'm sorry, I don't want to talk right now.\\\"\\n2-3. Walk away.\\nIf all else fails, walk away. You do not have to stay in a situation that makes you uncomfortable. Even though it might feel rude at the time, if someone keeps pestering you in a way you don't like, it's best to leave.\\nThis is especially true if the person is a complete stranger. Walk in the other direction to disengage.\\nIf it's someone you know, you can use an excuse to slip away, or just start walking.\\n2-4. Seek outside help.\\nIf the strange behavior crosses a line, ask advice from a trusted friend. They might be able to shed some light on the situation. You can also go to an authority for help if the person continues to bother you.\\nIf a strange person's behavior constitutes harassment, speak to a teacher or supervisor to discuss what actions to take.\\nIf you feel you are in physical danger, seek help from law enforcement.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you looking for ways to avoid strangers? Are you bothered by a friend or acquaintance who acts strange around you? We all have been in situations where you suddenly become uncomfortable and you feel like you need to leave. Don't become trapped in a situation you can't control; pay attention to your \\\"spidey sense\\\" and learn how to avoid strange people.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Avoidant Behavior\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avert your eyes.\", \"描述\": \"Averting your eyes signals to the other person that you are not interested in a conversation. Even if the other person has already engaged you, a slight diversion in eye contact can signal to them that you do not want to continue the conversation.\\nThe rest of your body language can also play a part. Angle your body away from the person and cross your arms or look down.\\nIf you're with a friend, turn and engage in conversation so you can avoid looking at the person you don't want to talk to.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay anonymous.\", \"描述\": \"Acting as if you are alone in your environment makes people want to leave you alone. If there's something about you that stands out, it can act as an unwanted conversation starter.\\nClothing can help you blend in or stand out. If you want to blend in, try wearing jeans and a dark-colored top, with plain shoes.\\nIn the summer, wear sunglasses; in the winter, wear a big coat with a hood.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Preoccupy yourself with something else.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes averting your eyes isn’t a strong enough cue to signal to the other person that you do not wish to talk to them. Instead, draw your attention toward something in your environment. Changing your body language is a strong indicator that you do not have time to converse.\\nRummage for something in your bag, if you have one.\\nStop, and look at something around you. Try window shopping if you are on the street, or read a sign that is posted in the hallway.\\nPretend as if something is wrong with your shoe, and stop to fix it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use your phone.\", \"描述\": \"You do not have to actually use your phone, just pretend to be speaking to someone. Turn slightly away from the person watching you and begin a one-sided conversation; they'll be none the wiser.\\nPretend to answer a phone call. Keep talking as you walk away from the person you want to avoid.\\nMake sure that your phone is silenced or on vibrate; it would be a dead give-away if you were to receive a call while you are pretending to talk on it!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Listen to music.\", \"描述\": \"Wear headphones or earbuds so it seems as if you are listening to something. Pretending to listen intently can signal to the other person that you do not want to be disturbed. If you seem to be lost in what you are listening to, you can even get away with not acknowledging the other person.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pretend to be late.\", \"描述\": \"Even before you are close enough to converse with someone, you can nonverbally signal to them that you are too busy to talk. Check your watch often and look like you're in a hurry. Tell them \\\"I'm sorry, I'm running late,\\\" if they try to engage you.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use an App.\", \"描述\": \"There are many apps in the works now for smart-phone users to help them avoid others they don’t want to see.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Being Proactive\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Isolate the behavior that bothers you the most.\", \"描述\": \"It could be that the person you want to avoid is actually very nice, but they have a particular habit that rubs you the wrong way. Manage your interactions with this particular person to keep the annoying habit at bay.\\nIf it is the other person’s hygiene habits (a bad smell, picking teeth, etc) that make them seem strange, stand farther away when talking to them or keep conversations to a minimum. In the case of a bad smell, wear loose clothing to pull over your nose (discreetly) so that you won’t be distracted by it.\\nTry changing the conversation if he/she consistently brings up a subject you are uncomfortable with.\\nInteract with this person only if there are others around so that you won’t be stuck with the other person by yourself and you can make an easy escape.\\nSet parameters for your interactions. If you notice the behavior only emerges at certain times (for example, boasting after taking an exam) or around certain people, avoid that person at those times.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be firm.\", \"描述\": \"For some people, avoidant (nonsocial) behavior won’t work. You will need to be more obvious in your intentions. Don't be afraid to be direct; this might be the only way to let the other person know that you are uncomfortable.\\nIf someone you don't want to talk to insists on approaching you, it's fine to make an excuse and leave.\\nIf you want to be more direct, tell them, \\\"I'm sorry, I don't want to talk right now.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Walk away.\", \"描述\": \"If all else fails, walk away. You do not have to stay in a situation that makes you uncomfortable. Even though it might feel rude at the time, if someone keeps pestering you in a way you don't like, it's best to leave.\\nThis is especially true if the person is a complete stranger. Walk in the other direction to disengage.\\nIf it's someone you know, you can use an excuse to slip away, or just start walking.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Seek outside help.\", \"描述\": \"If the strange behavior crosses a line, ask advice from a trusted friend. They might be able to shed some light on the situation. You can also go to an authority for help if the person continues to bother you.\\nIf a strange person's behavior constitutes harassment, speak to a teacher or supervisor to discuss what actions to take.\\nIf you feel you are in physical danger, seek help from law enforcement.\"}]}]}}",
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} | wikihow |
3,208 | How to Avoid Stress | 1. The Habits
1-1. Eat healthily.
Well-nourished bodies are better equipped to handle anything, so, in looking out for your mind, look out for your body. Start your day off with a healthy breakfast and stay on track with small, nutritious meals throughout the day to keep energized.
Many people stress eat -- that can be over or under-eating. If you know this is a problem for you, watch for it. It's probably just making the issue worse.
1-2. Get enough sleep.
When you get 7-8 hours of sleep a night, you are ready to tackle the stress of any given day more easily. If you're tired, you'll likely be less patient and easily irritated -- which just exacerbates the stress cycle. Getting a good night's rest not only makes for a good day, but a good day makes for a good night.
If sleeping is problematic, assess why. Noises? Lights? An insane schedule? What can you adjust to make sleeping easier?
1-3. Exercise.
Yoga to aerobics to walking around the block after dinner can help relieve stress -- you don't have to go pounding the pavement if you're out of shape. A little goes a long, long way toward stress management and your health.
As if you didn't already know, exercise is good for the mind, body, and spirit. Not only does it increase your overall health and your sense of well-being, but it also gets your endorphins going. And that can seriously improve your mood. Oddly enough, it's similar to the calming effect of meditation.
1-4. Monitor your addictive habits.
It is naturally human to cope with stress outwardly in a number of ways. However, usually those ways aren't so conducive to the problem alleviating itself. If you're prone to this, keep an eye out. Ask others to keep an eye out for you, too.
If you find yourself eating, smoking, or drinking (to name just a few), it may be in response to your stress. It can seem like it's helping with the problem, but when you think long-term, it's just making it worse. Take a hard, honest look at your habits.
1-5. Take a time out.
Nurturing yourself should be priority numero uno if you're trying to reduce stress. You can't be expected to be able to solve all life's problems if you're not at your best, so take a moment to just chill.
Try to take at least 10 minutes a day to yourself. It can be in bed, on a yoga mat, or just in your office chair. Wherever it is, shut out everything and take a moment to just be calm.
1-6. Practice relaxation techniques.
Though it may seem a bit silly, but so much of the body works in tandem with the brain, that if you change one, you can change the other. Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing all tell the body to be relaxed. Once you make it a habit, you'll feel the reduction in stress levels. And when stress does come, you'll be able to handle it more calmly and effectively.
1-7. Deal with it.
When it comes to stress, it probably won't just go away. You'll need to come up with a way to handle it. In general, there are four ways to think about this:
Avoid the stressor.
Alter the stressor.
Adapt to the stressor.
Accept the stressor.
Thinking of it this way may help you sort your thoughts. Which one is most doable for you? How can you accomplish one of these domains?
1-8. Get support.
Family, friends, and your social network all have a big impact on how you handle stress. Having a group of people you can lean on can help keep you mentally healthy. However, support can also be something more concrete, like time or money. Even though it's hard to ask for help, it by no means makes you weak. If you're feeling stressed, you can look for support from:
Family and friends.
Coworkers or people you know through hobbies or other interests.
A professional counselor.
People you know from church or a member of the clergy.
Employee assistance programs at work, or stress management classes.
Support groups.
2. The Outlook
2-1. Find a purpose and balance.
Many people find that having meaning to their work (whatever it is) centers them. Being aimless is not comfortable for most people. Find something that drives you and concentrate on it.
Once you find what this is, you can change your habits. Anything or anyone that draws you away from what gives you meaning or balance should be limited or cut out entirely.
2-2. Practice positive thinking.
It's not a black and white world of thought preceding behavior or vice versa. However, regardless of your school of thought, you have some say in how you feel and interpret things.
If positive thinking is hard for you, try to manipulate your behavior. You don't necessarily have to think something genuinely, but act like you do. You may find that your mind follows suit. Try this -- start walking with your head down. How do you feel? Now throw it up. How about now?
If positive behaviors are hard for you, drill in on your thoughts. Stop the negative ones. And you can! You are the only person who can stop your negative thoughts. Use that power and replace them with positive (or at least neutral!) ones.
2-3. Be direct.
A lot of people have undue amounts of stress in their lives from situations that would resolve themselves if they were just direct about it. Other people (sources of stress) for you may not realize that they are making you pull your hair out. Talk to them.
Your happiness is at stake here. Whatever problem it is, if it's stressing you out, it's worth talking about. Your emotions are valid, whatever they are.
2-4. Be willing to say no.
It's easy for people-pleasers to get stressed out; obviously, because pleasing everyone is impossible to do. So start saying no to avoid over-committing. You'll have more free time and more time to concentrate on you.
If this is an issue for you, practice saying no at least once a week. Don't miss out on the things you enjoy! Just cut down on the activities that make you sacrifice part of your already hectic schedule.
2-5. Stop striving for perfection.
We should always push ourselves to do our best, but we also need to realize when the job we've done is good enough. Everyone else judges, so you don't have to be another source of criticism when it comes to you.
Set time limits on yourself if you find yourself being a perfectionist. This is where striking a balance comes into play. If you manage your time wisely, you'll have more time to relax.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. The Habits\\n1-1. Eat healthily.\\nWell-nourished bodies are better equipped to handle anything, so, in looking out for your mind, look out for your body. Start your day off with a healthy breakfast and stay on track with small, nutritious meals throughout the day to keep energized.\\nMany people stress eat -- that can be over or under-eating. If you know this is a problem for you, watch for it. It's probably just making the issue worse.\\n1-2. Get enough sleep.\\nWhen you get 7-8 hours of sleep a night, you are ready to tackle the stress of any given day more easily. If you're tired, you'll likely be less patient and easily irritated -- which just exacerbates the stress cycle. Getting a good night's rest not only makes for a good day, but a good day makes for a good night.\\nIf sleeping is problematic, assess why. Noises? Lights? An insane schedule? What can you adjust to make sleeping easier?\\n1-3. Exercise.\\nYoga to aerobics to walking around the block after dinner can help relieve stress -- you don't have to go pounding the pavement if you're out of shape. A little goes a long, long way toward stress management and your health.\\nAs if you didn't already know, exercise is good for the mind, body, and spirit. Not only does it increase your overall health and your sense of well-being, but it also gets your endorphins going. And that can seriously improve your mood. Oddly enough, it's similar to the calming effect of meditation.\\n1-4. Monitor your addictive habits.\\nIt is naturally human to cope with stress outwardly in a number of ways. However, usually those ways aren't so conducive to the problem alleviating itself. If you're prone to this, keep an eye out. Ask others to keep an eye out for you, too.\\nIf you find yourself eating, smoking, or drinking (to name just a few), it may be in response to your stress. It can seem like it's helping with the problem, but when you think long-term, it's just making it worse. Take a hard, honest look at your habits.\\n1-5. Take a time out.\\nNurturing yourself should be priority numero uno if you're trying to reduce stress. You can't be expected to be able to solve all life's problems if you're not at your best, so take a moment to just chill.\\nTry to take at least 10 minutes a day to yourself. It can be in bed, on a yoga mat, or just in your office chair. Wherever it is, shut out everything and take a moment to just be calm.\\n1-6. Practice relaxation techniques.\\nThough it may seem a bit silly, but so much of the body works in tandem with the brain, that if you change one, you can change the other. Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing all tell the body to be relaxed. Once you make it a habit, you'll feel the reduction in stress levels. And when stress does come, you'll be able to handle it more calmly and effectively.\\n1-7. Deal with it.\\nWhen it comes to stress, it probably won't just go away. You'll need to come up with a way to handle it. In general, there are four ways to think about this:\\nAvoid the stressor.\\nAlter the stressor.\\nAdapt to the stressor.\\nAccept the stressor.\\nThinking of it this way may help you sort your thoughts. Which one is most doable for you? How can you accomplish one of these domains?\\n1-8. Get support.\\nFamily, friends, and your social network all have a big impact on how you handle stress. Having a group of people you can lean on can help keep you mentally healthy. However, support can also be something more concrete, like time or money. Even though it's hard to ask for help, it by no means makes you weak. If you're feeling stressed, you can look for support from:\\nFamily and friends.\\nCoworkers or people you know through hobbies or other interests.\\nA professional counselor.\\nPeople you know from church or a member of the clergy.\\nEmployee assistance programs at work, or stress management classes.\\nSupport groups.\\n2. The Outlook\\n2-1. Find a purpose and balance.\\nMany people find that having meaning to their work (whatever it is) centers them. Being aimless is not comfortable for most people. Find something that drives you and concentrate on it.\\nOnce you find what this is, you can change your habits. Anything or anyone that draws you away from what gives you meaning or balance should be limited or cut out entirely.\\n2-2. Practice positive thinking.\\nIt's not a black and white world of thought preceding behavior or vice versa. However, regardless of your school of thought, you have some say in how you feel and interpret things.\\nIf positive thinking is hard for you, try to manipulate your behavior. You don't necessarily have to think something genuinely, but act like you do. You may find that your mind follows suit. Try this -- start walking with your head down. How do you feel? Now throw it up. How about now?\\nIf positive behaviors are hard for you, drill in on your thoughts. Stop the negative ones. And you can! You are the only person who can stop your negative thoughts. Use that power and replace them with positive (or at least neutral!) ones.\\n2-3. Be direct.\\nA lot of people have undue amounts of stress in their lives from situations that would resolve themselves if they were just direct about it. Other people (sources of stress) for you may not realize that they are making you pull your hair out. Talk to them.\\nYour happiness is at stake here. Whatever problem it is, if it's stressing you out, it's worth talking about. Your emotions are valid, whatever they are.\\n2-4. Be willing to say no.\\nIt's easy for people-pleasers to get stressed out; obviously, because pleasing everyone is impossible to do. So start saying no to avoid over-committing. You'll have more free time and more time to concentrate on you.\\nIf this is an issue for you, practice saying no at least once a week. Don't miss out on the things you enjoy! Just cut down on the activities that make you sacrifice part of your already hectic schedule.\\n2-5. Stop striving for perfection.\\nWe should always push ourselves to do our best, but we also need to realize when the job we've done is good enough. Everyone else judges, so you don't have to be another source of criticism when it comes to you.\\nSet time limits on yourself if you find yourself being a perfectionist. This is where striking a balance comes into play. If you manage your time wisely, you'll have more time to relax.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Sometimes stress seems like something we just have to accept. In order to get ahead in this day and age, you've gotta be running, running, running. Unfortunately, it's not good for our health -- mentally and physically. Take the following steps to manage your stress and get more out of your day.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The Habits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Eat healthily.\", \"描述\": \"Well-nourished bodies are better equipped to handle anything, so, in looking out for your mind, look out for your body. Start your day off with a healthy breakfast and stay on track with small, nutritious meals throughout the day to keep energized.\\nMany people stress eat -- that can be over or under-eating. If you know this is a problem for you, watch for it. It's probably just making the issue worse.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get enough sleep.\", \"描述\": \"When you get 7-8 hours of sleep a night, you are ready to tackle the stress of any given day more easily. If you're tired, you'll likely be less patient and easily irritated -- which just exacerbates the stress cycle. Getting a good night's rest not only makes for a good day, but a good day makes for a good night.\\nIf sleeping is problematic, assess why. Noises? Lights? An insane schedule? What can you adjust to make sleeping easier?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Exercise.\", \"描述\": \"Yoga to aerobics to walking around the block after dinner can help relieve stress -- you don't have to go pounding the pavement if you're out of shape. A little goes a long, long way toward stress management and your health.\\nAs if you didn't already know, exercise is good for the mind, body, and spirit. Not only does it increase your overall health and your sense of well-being, but it also gets your endorphins going. And that can seriously improve your mood. Oddly enough, it's similar to the calming effect of meditation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Monitor your addictive habits.\", \"描述\": \"It is naturally human to cope with stress outwardly in a number of ways. However, usually those ways aren't so conducive to the problem alleviating itself. If you're prone to this, keep an eye out. Ask others to keep an eye out for you, too.\\nIf you find yourself eating, smoking, or drinking (to name just a few), it may be in response to your stress. It can seem like it's helping with the problem, but when you think long-term, it's just making it worse. Take a hard, honest look at your habits.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take a time out.\", \"描述\": \"Nurturing yourself should be priority numero uno if you're trying to reduce stress. You can't be expected to be able to solve all life's problems if you're not at your best, so take a moment to just chill.\\nTry to take at least 10 minutes a day to yourself. It can be in bed, on a yoga mat, or just in your office chair. Wherever it is, shut out everything and take a moment to just be calm.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Practice relaxation techniques.\", \"描述\": \"Though it may seem a bit silly, but so much of the body works in tandem with the brain, that if you change one, you can change the other. Yoga, meditation, and deep breathing all tell the body to be relaxed. Once you make it a habit, you'll feel the reduction in stress levels. And when stress does come, you'll be able to handle it more calmly and effectively.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Deal with it.\", \"描述\": \"When it comes to stress, it probably won't just go away. You'll need to come up with a way to handle it. In general, there are four ways to think about this:\\nAvoid the stressor.\\nAlter the stressor.\\nAdapt to the stressor.\\nAccept the stressor.\\nThinking of it this way may help you sort your thoughts. Which one is most doable for you? How can you accomplish one of these domains?\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Get support.\", \"描述\": \"Family, friends, and your social network all have a big impact on how you handle stress. Having a group of people you can lean on can help keep you mentally healthy. However, support can also be something more concrete, like time or money. Even though it's hard to ask for help, it by no means makes you weak. If you're feeling stressed, you can look for support from:\\nFamily and friends.\\nCoworkers or people you know through hobbies or other interests.\\nA professional counselor.\\nPeople you know from church or a member of the clergy.\\nEmployee assistance programs at work, or stress management classes.\\nSupport groups.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"The Outlook\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a purpose and balance.\", \"描述\": \"Many people find that having meaning to their work (whatever it is) centers them. Being aimless is not comfortable for most people. Find something that drives you and concentrate on it.\\nOnce you find what this is, you can change your habits. Anything or anyone that draws you away from what gives you meaning or balance should be limited or cut out entirely.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice positive thinking.\", \"描述\": \"It's not a black and white world of thought preceding behavior or vice versa. However, regardless of your school of thought, you have some say in how you feel and interpret things.\\nIf positive thinking is hard for you, try to manipulate your behavior. You don't necessarily have to think something genuinely, but act like you do. You may find that your mind follows suit. Try this -- start walking with your head down. How do you feel? Now throw it up. How about now?\\nIf positive behaviors are hard for you, drill in on your thoughts. Stop the negative ones. And you can! You are the only person who can stop your negative thoughts. Use that power and replace them with positive (or at least neutral!) ones.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be direct.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of people have undue amounts of stress in their lives from situations that would resolve themselves if they were just direct about it. Other people (sources of stress) for you may not realize that they are making you pull your hair out. Talk to them.\\nYour happiness is at stake here. Whatever problem it is, if it's stressing you out, it's worth talking about. Your emotions are valid, whatever they are.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be willing to say no.\", \"描述\": \"It's easy for people-pleasers to get stressed out; obviously, because pleasing everyone is impossible to do. So start saying no to avoid over-committing. You'll have more free time and more time to concentrate on you.\\nIf this is an issue for you, practice saying no at least once a week. Don't miss out on the things you enjoy! Just cut down on the activities that make you sacrifice part of your already hectic schedule.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stop striving for perfection.\", \"描述\": \"We should always push ourselves to do our best, but we also need to realize when the job we've done is good enough. Everyone else judges, so you don't have to be another source of criticism when it comes to you.\\nSet time limits on yourself if you find yourself being a perfectionist. This is where striking a balance comes into play. If you manage your time wisely, you'll have more time to relax.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,209 | How to Avoid Suspicion and Paranoia | 1. Using Coping Strategies
1-1. Determine if you are suffering from paranoia or anxiety.
Both anxiety and paranoia are caused by fear and manifest themselves in excessive worry and perceived danger. Paranoia is an unfounded belief or fear that something bad is going to happen. Often, an individual experiencing paranoia will be suspicious of another person or group, believing that other person or group will be responsible for the negative occurrence. Paranoia comes with a sense of threat and the exaggerated nature of an individual's beliefs is what sets paranoia apart from typical fear and worry.
1-2. Practice relaxation.
Stress can be a major contributor to paranoid thoughts and feelings, which is why it is important to destress. If you're starting to become suspicious, take a moment and practice relaxation. When you feel paranoid or suspicious, your body can respond in an alert manner similar to fear. This can be exhausting. Tune into your body's responses (such as increased heart rate, knots in your stomach, or faster breathing) and purposefully bring a sense of calm to your body. Practice guided imagery, say a prayer, or practice deep breathing.
To begin deep breathing, focus on each breath. lengthening them so that they are deeper and longer. This should slow your body down and induce feelings of calm.
Take up meditation. Meditation can help you learn to focus and to relax. It can also be used to increase your feelings of well-being and inner happiness.
1-3. Journal.
If you want to engage in some self-discovery-- especially about your paranoia-- writing can be a great way to work through your thoughts and feelings. Write down when you have felt hurt, betrayed, helpless, or humiliated and the feelings you remember from those experiences. Writing can help you to sort through and settle your thoughts, as well as help you to clarify the relationships between your thoughts and the external influences.
Write about any childhood experiences that made you wary in trusting people's motives. Were there times you couldn't tell if someone was lying or telling the truth?
Was there a time in your life you felt betrayed by someone that made you approach trust differently?
1-4. Talk to a doctor or therapist.
Suspicion and paranoia often result in distrust, so begin building trust back into your life, starting with a therapist. Attending long-term therapy is often the treatment of choice. If you suffered a traumatic situation or event, your therapist can help you work through this. Your therapist can help you learn and practice calming strategies and techniques to lessen your paranoia.
When beginning treatment, it's important not to let your paranoia seep into your therapy; see your therapist as someone you can trust and who will not share information with others. After all, therapists are required to keep information confidential.
Your therapist can work with you to challenge what makes you feel distrustful toward others, and help you build skills in relating to other people in a more beneficial way.
Your therapist may also refer you to a physiatrist for medication to help your symptoms.
2. Changing Your Relationships
2-1. Practice open and honest communication.
If you struggle to feel secure in a relationship, practice good communication skills. Ask people to speak directly and honestly to you without using sarcasm. When you speak with others, put most of your energy on listening to what they say and understanding them. If you're unclear about something, ask a question. Overall, be curious in your interactions and avoid jumping to conclusions.
If you start to doubt what the person is doing or saying, ask a question. However, don't be accusing. For example, if your partner is going out and you're feeling suspicious, ask, “Do you know what time you'll be back? I was hoping we could spend some time together tonight.”
2-2. Choose to trust people.
If you generally tend to be untrusting toward people, this likely affects your ability to have friendships and relationships. While it's true some people shouldn't be trusted, it doesn't mean that everyone is not trustworthy. Think about what it costs you when you doubt someone; their time, their presence, their love, and perhaps even their friendship.
For example, if someone calls and says they will be late, then it simply means they are running late and nothing more. Even if there is a pattern of lateness, it doesn't mean they're up to something else based solely on this one trait, however much you dislike it.
If you're having a hard time believing someone, say to yourself, “I am choosing to believe they are telling me the truth.”
2-3. Avoid applying the past to the present.
Maybe an ex cheated on you and now you're wary of dating or being with someone new for fear they may also betray you. Living in the past is not a healthy way to direct your present and future behavior. Avoid letting past bad experiences cloud your present judgment, and learn how to stop yourself from falling into automatic suspicious responses whenever a similar situation arises. Rebuilding trust starts with you, not anybody else.
Learn from your past experiences and improve your resilience, but use the past like a stepping stone rather than a weight dragging you down.
3. Improving Your Thoughts
3-1. Keep a log of paranoid thoughts.
Whenever you have a suspicion about someone or another type of paranoid thought, write it down in a journal. Include details about the situation, such as who you are with and what else is happening at the time. This can help you to identify your triggers for these types of thoughts.
3-2. Think logically.
Use common sense and logic before reacting or speaking by lessening your emotional response and increasing your rational side. If you don't know something about someone or a situation, avoid making an assumption. Aim for taking a calm and logical approach to all situations presented before you, ask questions before making judgments, and seek explanations and evidence before reaching conclusions.
Suspicious behavior destroys relationships. Do not give your power to thoughts. Challenge their truth. Ask yourself, “Is this true? What evidence do I have to prove this?”
3-3. Be optimistic
When you stay active and committed to doing things that really matter to you, it's harder to be overwhelmed by suspicions. Get involved in activities that keep you purposefully occupied and spend time with people who distract you in an enjoyable way. Seize the meaningful opportunities that are bound to come your way when you keep a more open mind.
Instead of expecting people to let you down or hurt you, expect pleasant things to come your way and wonderful people to share your experiences with.
Look for people you can connect with and learn from and grow with.
3-4. Take note of trustworthy behavior.
Suspicion and paranoia are based on proving yourself right about people being untrustworthy or unfaithful. You likely tend to look for confirmation of these beliefs and prove yourself right about people. However, being proven right about someone's untrustworthy behavior doesn't actually help you experience trust or safety. Instead of keeping your attention on all the ways people can and might hurt you, shift your focus to behaviors that prove people can be counted on, trusted, and relied upon.
For example, if someone says they will meet you for lunch and they show up, prove to yourself that they said they'd do something and they did it.
4. Increasing Your Emotional Self-Awareness
4-1. Get your anger under control.
You absolutely have a right to be angry with people who hurt you when you were in a vulnerable position or that took advantage of you. But this anger cannot be transferred to every person you meet. Carrying around anger and distrust toward people hurts you most. Anger management techniques can help you reduce stress levels and improve your relationships.
You can learn to become a better communicator, solve problems, and think differently.
4-2. Increase your empathy.
If you have problems trusting others (especially friends, family, or a significant other), turn the tables on yourself. Think about how you would feel if someone you cared about or spent a lot of time with didn't trust anything that you did or said. Think about how it would feel if someone kept badgering you about your whereabouts and thoughts. How does that make you feel? Suspicious probing is unpleasant at best, and downright invasive and unsettling at its worst.
If you feel prejudiced, find commonalities that you may have with the person you distrust. Build a relationship with them, be curious about their life, and remind yourself that they're human just like you.
4-3. Trust yourself.
While you're learning to trust others, choose to trust yourself as well. By seeing the world suspiciously, you can project your own unresolved fears onto others. There are many genuine and true people out there. Put the focus on yourself and learn to trust yourself first. Remove people from your life that doubt your abilities or say you can't succeed. Keep your commitments to yourself by following through on things you want or need to do.
When you say you're going to do something, know that you will do it. For example, if you say that you're going to go exercise today, know that you can and will follow through on that commitment.
Tips
Use common sense when adjusting a paranoid mindset. You don't need to become gullible and trust every person you meet. Being too trusting and accommodating, especially to the point of self-destruction, is harmful and pointless. Use your discretion.
An occasional suspicion founded on clear grounds is warranted and acceptable, and is part of staying vigilant to look after yourself. Paying attention to obvious signs of breaches of trust or intent to harm you will save you grief and heartbreak for the future. Obvious signs include catching someone cheating on you, finding missing amounts from your bank account, having the police confirm charges, etc.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Coping Strategies\\n1-1. Determine if you are suffering from paranoia or anxiety.\\nBoth anxiety and paranoia are caused by fear and manifest themselves in excessive worry and perceived danger. Paranoia is an unfounded belief or fear that something bad is going to happen. Often, an individual experiencing paranoia will be suspicious of another person or group, believing that other person or group will be responsible for the negative occurrence. Paranoia comes with a sense of threat and the exaggerated nature of an individual's beliefs is what sets paranoia apart from typical fear and worry.\\n1-2. Practice relaxation.\\nStress can be a major contributor to paranoid thoughts and feelings, which is why it is important to destress. If you're starting to become suspicious, take a moment and practice relaxation. When you feel paranoid or suspicious, your body can respond in an alert manner similar to fear. This can be exhausting. Tune into your body's responses (such as increased heart rate, knots in your stomach, or faster breathing) and purposefully bring a sense of calm to your body. Practice guided imagery, say a prayer, or practice deep breathing.\\nTo begin deep breathing, focus on each breath. lengthening them so that they are deeper and longer. This should slow your body down and induce feelings of calm.\\nTake up meditation. Meditation can help you learn to focus and to relax. It can also be used to increase your feelings of well-being and inner happiness.\\n1-3. Journal.\\nIf you want to engage in some self-discovery-- especially about your paranoia-- writing can be a great way to work through your thoughts and feelings. Write down when you have felt hurt, betrayed, helpless, or humiliated and the feelings you remember from those experiences. Writing can help you to sort through and settle your thoughts, as well as help you to clarify the relationships between your thoughts and the external influences.\\nWrite about any childhood experiences that made you wary in trusting people's motives. Were there times you couldn't tell if someone was lying or telling the truth?\\nWas there a time in your life you felt betrayed by someone that made you approach trust differently?\\n1-4. Talk to a doctor or therapist.\\nSuspicion and paranoia often result in distrust, so begin building trust back into your life, starting with a therapist. Attending long-term therapy is often the treatment of choice. If you suffered a traumatic situation or event, your therapist can help you work through this. Your therapist can help you learn and practice calming strategies and techniques to lessen your paranoia.\\nWhen beginning treatment, it's important not to let your paranoia seep into your therapy; see your therapist as someone you can trust and who will not share information with others. After all, therapists are required to keep information confidential.\\nYour therapist can work with you to challenge what makes you feel distrustful toward others, and help you build skills in relating to other people in a more beneficial way.\\nYour therapist may also refer you to a physiatrist for medication to help your symptoms.\\n2. Changing Your Relationships\\n2-1. Practice open and honest communication.\\nIf you struggle to feel secure in a relationship, practice good communication skills. Ask people to speak directly and honestly to you without using sarcasm. When you speak with others, put most of your energy on listening to what they say and understanding them. If you're unclear about something, ask a question. Overall, be curious in your interactions and avoid jumping to conclusions.\\nIf you start to doubt what the person is doing or saying, ask a question. However, don't be accusing. For example, if your partner is going out and you're feeling suspicious, ask, “Do you know what time you'll be back? I was hoping we could spend some time together tonight.”\\n2-2. Choose to trust people.\\nIf you generally tend to be untrusting toward people, this likely affects your ability to have friendships and relationships. While it's true some people shouldn't be trusted, it doesn't mean that everyone is not trustworthy. Think about what it costs you when you doubt someone; their time, their presence, their love, and perhaps even their friendship.\\nFor example, if someone calls and says they will be late, then it simply means they are running late and nothing more. Even if there is a pattern of lateness, it doesn't mean they're up to something else based solely on this one trait, however much you dislike it.\\nIf you're having a hard time believing someone, say to yourself, “I am choosing to believe they are telling me the truth.”\\n2-3. Avoid applying the past to the present.\\nMaybe an ex cheated on you and now you're wary of dating or being with someone new for fear they may also betray you. Living in the past is not a healthy way to direct your present and future behavior. Avoid letting past bad experiences cloud your present judgment, and learn how to stop yourself from falling into automatic suspicious responses whenever a similar situation arises. Rebuilding trust starts with you, not anybody else.\\nLearn from your past experiences and improve your resilience, but use the past like a stepping stone rather than a weight dragging you down.\\n3. Improving Your Thoughts\\n3-1. Keep a log of paranoid thoughts.\\nWhenever you have a suspicion about someone or another type of paranoid thought, write it down in a journal. Include details about the situation, such as who you are with and what else is happening at the time. This can help you to identify your triggers for these types of thoughts.\\n3-2. Think logically.\\nUse common sense and logic before reacting or speaking by lessening your emotional response and increasing your rational side. If you don't know something about someone or a situation, avoid making an assumption. Aim for taking a calm and logical approach to all situations presented before you, ask questions before making judgments, and seek explanations and evidence before reaching conclusions.\\nSuspicious behavior destroys relationships. Do not give your power to thoughts. Challenge their truth. Ask yourself, “Is this true? What evidence do I have to prove this?”\\n3-3. Be optimistic\\nWhen you stay active and committed to doing things that really matter to you, it's harder to be overwhelmed by suspicions. Get involved in activities that keep you purposefully occupied and spend time with people who distract you in an enjoyable way. Seize the meaningful opportunities that are bound to come your way when you keep a more open mind.\\nInstead of expecting people to let you down or hurt you, expect pleasant things to come your way and wonderful people to share your experiences with.\\nLook for people you can connect with and learn from and grow with.\\n3-4. Take note of trustworthy behavior.\\nSuspicion and paranoia are based on proving yourself right about people being untrustworthy or unfaithful. You likely tend to look for confirmation of these beliefs and prove yourself right about people. However, being proven right about someone's untrustworthy behavior doesn't actually help you experience trust or safety. Instead of keeping your attention on all the ways people can and might hurt you, shift your focus to behaviors that prove people can be counted on, trusted, and relied upon.\\nFor example, if someone says they will meet you for lunch and they show up, prove to yourself that they said they'd do something and they did it.\\n4. Increasing Your Emotional Self-Awareness\\n4-1. Get your anger under control.\\nYou absolutely have a right to be angry with people who hurt you when you were in a vulnerable position or that took advantage of you. But this anger cannot be transferred to every person you meet. Carrying around anger and distrust toward people hurts you most. Anger management techniques can help you reduce stress levels and improve your relationships.\\nYou can learn to become a better communicator, solve problems, and think differently.\\n4-2. Increase your empathy.\\nIf you have problems trusting others (especially friends, family, or a significant other), turn the tables on yourself. Think about how you would feel if someone you cared about or spent a lot of time with didn't trust anything that you did or said. Think about how it would feel if someone kept badgering you about your whereabouts and thoughts. How does that make you feel? Suspicious probing is unpleasant at best, and downright invasive and unsettling at its worst.\\nIf you feel prejudiced, find commonalities that you may have with the person you distrust. Build a relationship with them, be curious about their life, and remind yourself that they're human just like you.\\n4-3. Trust yourself.\\nWhile you're learning to trust others, choose to trust yourself as well. By seeing the world suspiciously, you can project your own unresolved fears onto others. There are many genuine and true people out there. Put the focus on yourself and learn to trust yourself first. Remove people from your life that doubt your abilities or say you can't succeed. Keep your commitments to yourself by following through on things you want or need to do. \\nWhen you say you're going to do something, know that you will do it. For example, if you say that you're going to go exercise today, know that you can and will follow through on that commitment.\\nTips\\nUse common sense when adjusting a paranoid mindset. You don't need to become gullible and trust every person you meet. Being too trusting and accommodating, especially to the point of self-destruction, is harmful and pointless. Use your discretion.\\nAn occasional suspicion founded on clear grounds is warranted and acceptable, and is part of staying vigilant to look after yourself. Paying attention to obvious signs of breaches of trust or intent to harm you will save you grief and heartbreak for the future. Obvious signs include catching someone cheating on you, finding missing amounts from your bank account, having the police confirm charges, etc.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you tend to read between the lines of every word or interaction you have, check up on people, or assume people are out to hurt you or lie to you, it's likely you are more suspicious or paranoid than others. A suspicious mind is always ill-at-ease and spotting hidden meanings nobody else even considers are there. Practice increasing your relaxation by engaging in calming activities and using deep breathing when you start to feel suspicious. Improve your relationships by listening, being curious, asking questions, and not jumping to conclusions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Coping Strategies\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine if you are suffering from paranoia or anxiety.\", \"描述\": \"Both anxiety and paranoia are caused by fear and manifest themselves in excessive worry and perceived danger. Paranoia is an unfounded belief or fear that something bad is going to happen. Often, an individual experiencing paranoia will be suspicious of another person or group, believing that other person or group will be responsible for the negative occurrence. Paranoia comes with a sense of threat and the exaggerated nature of an individual's beliefs is what sets paranoia apart from typical fear and worry.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice relaxation.\", \"描述\": \"Stress can be a major contributor to paranoid thoughts and feelings, which is why it is important to destress. If you're starting to become suspicious, take a moment and practice relaxation. When you feel paranoid or suspicious, your body can respond in an alert manner similar to fear. This can be exhausting. Tune into your body's responses (such as increased heart rate, knots in your stomach, or faster breathing) and purposefully bring a sense of calm to your body. Practice guided imagery, say a prayer, or practice deep breathing.\\nTo begin deep breathing, focus on each breath. lengthening them so that they are deeper and longer. This should slow your body down and induce feelings of calm.\\nTake up meditation. Meditation can help you learn to focus and to relax. It can also be used to increase your feelings of well-being and inner happiness.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Journal.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to engage in some self-discovery-- especially about your paranoia-- writing can be a great way to work through your thoughts and feelings. Write down when you have felt hurt, betrayed, helpless, or humiliated and the feelings you remember from those experiences. Writing can help you to sort through and settle your thoughts, as well as help you to clarify the relationships between your thoughts and the external influences.\\nWrite about any childhood experiences that made you wary in trusting people's motives. Were there times you couldn't tell if someone was lying or telling the truth?\\nWas there a time in your life you felt betrayed by someone that made you approach trust differently?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Talk to a doctor or therapist.\", \"描述\": \"Suspicion and paranoia often result in distrust, so begin building trust back into your life, starting with a therapist. Attending long-term therapy is often the treatment of choice. If you suffered a traumatic situation or event, your therapist can help you work through this. Your therapist can help you learn and practice calming strategies and techniques to lessen your paranoia.\\nWhen beginning treatment, it's important not to let your paranoia seep into your therapy; see your therapist as someone you can trust and who will not share information with others. After all, therapists are required to keep information confidential.\\nYour therapist can work with you to challenge what makes you feel distrustful toward others, and help you build skills in relating to other people in a more beneficial way.\\nYour therapist may also refer you to a physiatrist for medication to help your symptoms.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Changing Your Relationships\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice open and honest communication.\", \"描述\": \"If you struggle to feel secure in a relationship, practice good communication skills. Ask people to speak directly and honestly to you without using sarcasm. When you speak with others, put most of your energy on listening to what they say and understanding them. If you're unclear about something, ask a question. Overall, be curious in your interactions and avoid jumping to conclusions.\\nIf you start to doubt what the person is doing or saying, ask a question. However, don't be accusing. For example, if your partner is going out and you're feeling suspicious, ask, “Do you know what time you'll be back? I was hoping we could spend some time together tonight.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose to trust people.\", \"描述\": \"If you generally tend to be untrusting toward people, this likely affects your ability to have friendships and relationships. While it's true some people shouldn't be trusted, it doesn't mean that everyone is not trustworthy. Think about what it costs you when you doubt someone; their time, their presence, their love, and perhaps even their friendship.\\nFor example, if someone calls and says they will be late, then it simply means they are running late and nothing more. Even if there is a pattern of lateness, it doesn't mean they're up to something else based solely on this one trait, however much you dislike it.\\nIf you're having a hard time believing someone, say to yourself, “I am choosing to believe they are telling me the truth.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid applying the past to the present.\", \"描述\": \"Maybe an ex cheated on you and now you're wary of dating or being with someone new for fear they may also betray you. Living in the past is not a healthy way to direct your present and future behavior. Avoid letting past bad experiences cloud your present judgment, and learn how to stop yourself from falling into automatic suspicious responses whenever a similar situation arises. Rebuilding trust starts with you, not anybody else.\\nLearn from your past experiences and improve your resilience, but use the past like a stepping stone rather than a weight dragging you down.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Thoughts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Keep a log of paranoid thoughts.\", \"描述\": \"Whenever you have a suspicion about someone or another type of paranoid thought, write it down in a journal. Include details about the situation, such as who you are with and what else is happening at the time. This can help you to identify your triggers for these types of thoughts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Think logically.\", \"描述\": \"Use common sense and logic before reacting or speaking by lessening your emotional response and increasing your rational side. If you don't know something about someone or a situation, avoid making an assumption. Aim for taking a calm and logical approach to all situations presented before you, ask questions before making judgments, and seek explanations and evidence before reaching conclusions.\\nSuspicious behavior destroys relationships. Do not give your power to thoughts. Challenge their truth. Ask yourself, “Is this true? What evidence do I have to prove this?”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be optimistic\", \"描述\": \"When you stay active and committed to doing things that really matter to you, it's harder to be overwhelmed by suspicions. Get involved in activities that keep you purposefully occupied and spend time with people who distract you in an enjoyable way. Seize the meaningful opportunities that are bound to come your way when you keep a more open mind.\\nInstead of expecting people to let you down or hurt you, expect pleasant things to come your way and wonderful people to share your experiences with.\\nLook for people you can connect with and learn from and grow with.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take note of trustworthy behavior.\", \"描述\": \"Suspicion and paranoia are based on proving yourself right about people being untrustworthy or unfaithful. You likely tend to look for confirmation of these beliefs and prove yourself right about people. However, being proven right about someone's untrustworthy behavior doesn't actually help you experience trust or safety. Instead of keeping your attention on all the ways people can and might hurt you, shift your focus to behaviors that prove people can be counted on, trusted, and relied upon.\\nFor example, if someone says they will meet you for lunch and they show up, prove to yourself that they said they'd do something and they did it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Increasing Your Emotional Self-Awareness\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your anger under control.\", \"描述\": \"You absolutely have a right to be angry with people who hurt you when you were in a vulnerable position or that took advantage of you. But this anger cannot be transferred to every person you meet. Carrying around anger and distrust toward people hurts you most. Anger management techniques can help you reduce stress levels and improve your relationships.\\nYou can learn to become a better communicator, solve problems, and think differently.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Increase your empathy.\", \"描述\": \"If you have problems trusting others (especially friends, family, or a significant other), turn the tables on yourself. Think about how you would feel if someone you cared about or spent a lot of time with didn't trust anything that you did or said. Think about how it would feel if someone kept badgering you about your whereabouts and thoughts. How does that make you feel? Suspicious probing is unpleasant at best, and downright invasive and unsettling at its worst.\\nIf you feel prejudiced, find commonalities that you may have with the person you distrust. Build a relationship with them, be curious about their life, and remind yourself that they're human just like you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Trust yourself.\", \"描述\": \"While you're learning to trust others, choose to trust yourself as well. By seeing the world suspiciously, you can project your own unresolved fears onto others. There are many genuine and true people out there. Put the focus on yourself and learn to trust yourself first. Remove people from your life that doubt your abilities or say you can't succeed. Keep your commitments to yourself by following through on things you want or need to do. \\nWhen you say you're going to do something, know that you will do it. For example, if you say that you're going to go exercise today, know that you can and will follow through on that commitment.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Use common sense when adjusting a paranoid mindset. You don't need to become gullible and trust every person you meet. Being too trusting and accommodating, especially to the point of self-destruction, is harmful and pointless. Use your discretion.\\n\", \"An occasional suspicion founded on clear grounds is warranted and acceptable, and is part of staying vigilant to look after yourself. Paying attention to obvious signs of breaches of trust or intent to harm you will save you grief and heartbreak for the future. Obvious signs include catching someone cheating on you, finding missing amounts from your bank account, having the police confirm charges, etc.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,210 | How to Avoid Sweat Stains | 1. Using Deodorant or Antiperspirant
1-1. Use deodorant or antiperspirant when your armpits are completely dry.
If your arms are wet or sweaty when you apply your deodorant or antiperspirant, it’s not going to work as well and stains are more likely to form. Wipe off any moisture underneath your arms before applying deodorant or antiperspirant, and let the application dry completely.
1-2. Apply deodorant or antiperspirant in an even, thin layer.
It’s common to think that applying more deodorant or antiperspirant will help you smell or sweat less, but this isn’t necessarily the case. It’s much better to apply an even layer that is thin and controlled. Don’t apply too much, as this can cause stains.
1-3. Change up your deodorant or antiperspirant every 6 months.
Research has shown that it's possible for your body to become immune to your antiperspirant after several months. So if you're frustrated by your deodorant or antiperspirant because it doesn't seem to be working anymore, try switching it up and trying out a different one. You can always go back to your favorite after a few months.
1-4. Try a prescription deodorant or antiperspirant for extreme sweating.
If you find yourself constantly sweating and are looking for a better solution, think about trying a prescription deodorant or antiperspirant. These still have lots of aluminum, but they’re less likely to ruin your day-time clothes because you apply the prescription at night.
The prescription will most likely cause a bit of damage to your sleepwear, so throw on an old t-shirt or nightgown before going to bed.
1-5. Switch to a natural or chemical-free deodorant.
Many deodorants have aluminum in them, which helps you sweat less. However, the aluminum causes the sweat that you do produce to leave more prominent stains on your clothing. By switching to a natural deodorant or antiperspirant, you’ll avoid all of the harmful chemicals that are in regular deodorants and help prevent stains as well.
2. Fighting Off Sweat
2-1. Choose breathable fabrics.
If your clothes aren’t properly ventilated, you’re going to be sweating a lot more due to all that hot air being trapped next to your body. Pick clothing made of breathable fabrics such as cotton, linen, or chambray. The more air that’s able to pass through your clothes, the smaller your sweat stains are likely to be.
Stay away from fabrics such as polyester or silk, which trap heat.
2-2. Opt for clothes that are loose or sleeveless.
When your clothing is tight against your body, there’s not a lot of room for air to help cool you down. To avoid this, choose clothing that is loose or sleeveless. If possible, pick out shirts that have low arm holes and are made of natural materials.
2-3. Put on an undershirt if desired.
While this won’t work for every outfit, throwing on a breathable undershirt before you finish getting dressed will help soak up sweat before it gets to your outer layer. For this to work, make sure your undershirt is thin and comfortable — you don’t want it to make you sweat even more.
2-4. Keep a spare set of clothes with you.
If you’re walking to work or waiting in the heat and know you’re going to be sweaty once you get to your destination, bring an extra set of clothes with you. This also works for unexpected sweat stains — it’s always better to have a clean shirt to throw on when the sweat takes over, no matter where you are.
2-5. Shower or bathe regularly.
How much you sweat and the odor you put off is related to how clean your body is. Make sure you shower or take a bath often, especially if you've exercised or been outside for awhile.
2-6. Eat healthy foods.
Filling up your body with healthy foods will actually make you sweat and smell less. Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, nuts, healthy fats, and other healthy options to keep your body feeling clean. Try to eat less carbs — too many carbohydrates are a huge contributor to smelly body odor.
Stay away from spicy foods. They create a reaction from your body similar to how your body reacts to heat — by sweating.
Leafy greens, foods high in magnesium, and probiotics will have you smelling fresh and clean.
2-7. Stay away from caffeine.
When you drink caffeinated drinks, such as coffee or soda, your body reacts to the jolt of energy by sweating more. Try to either eliminate or cut down on food and drinks with caffeine in them to reduce how much you sweat.
2-8. Reduce your stress levels.
Stressing out causes your sweat glands to produce a thicker sweat than you do when you work out. If you find yourself stressed often, try reducing your stress levels by doing yoga, meditating, exercising, or some other stress-relieving activity. Not only will becoming less stressed reduce how much you sweat, but it’ll have you feeling calmer and happier.
2-9. Trim or shave the hair under your arms.
It’s easier for the ingredients in deodorants and antiperspirants to reach your skin if they don’t have to go through a layer of hair first. Simply trimming the hairs under your arms will help your sweat stains become less prominent, or you can go all out and shave.
2-10. Use sweat shields to absorb your sweat.
Sweat shields attach to the inside of your shirt’s armpits, soaking up sweat before it reaches the outside of your shirt. They’re essentially armpit pads, and they can be found at most drug stores or big-box stores.
Sweat shields come in packs and usually cost $5-$20.
2-11. Try out Botox or acupuncture to reduce sweating.
Both Botox and acupuncture have been known to help prevent sweating. Botox can be pretty pricey and may not work for everyone, so weigh the pros and cons before testing this one out. Acupuncture is more affordable and works well, as long as you don’t mind all the needles.
Since both of these methods involve needles, they're not super comfortable. However, Botox uses a very tiny needle and is said to cause minimal pain, while many people find that acupuncture doesn't hurt at all.
3. Removing Sweat Stains from Clothes
3-1. Wash your sweaty clothing in cold water as soon as possible.
The longer the sweat sits in your clothes, the more likely it is to cause a stain. Rinse your clothes in cold water, paying special attention to the areas where the sweat is most prominent.
3-2. Purchase a stain remover specifically for sweat stains if desired.
Many stain removers that you would use on your laundry won't help when it comes to sweat stains, and they may even make the stains worse. Visit a big-box store or go online to find a sweat stain remover, typically costing a little under $20.
Avoid using bleach or other harsh chemicals to remove sweat stains — the aluminum reaction can't be fixed by using bleach, and could make the stain worse.
3-3. Combine dish detergent with hydrogen peroxide on white shirts.
Mix together ⁄4 cup (59 ml) of hydrogen peroxide and 2 teaspoons (9.9 ml) of dish detergent. Rub the mixture onto the sweat stains and wait 1 hour before washing it normally.
Sprinkling a little bit of baking soda over the stains once you apply the mixture of dish detergent and hydrogen peroxide will help remove stubborn sweat stains.
This method is safe for most fabrics, but be careful if the fabric is silk or wool. These fabrics are best cared for by a professional.
3-4. Mix together vinegar, baking soda, water, and salt for an at-home remedy.
Soak the shirt in a mixture of 2 cups (470 ml) of warm water and 1 cup (240 ml) of warm white vinegar for a half hour. While your shirt is soaking, mix 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of salt, 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of hydrogen peroxide, and 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of baking soda together to create a paste. Once the shirt is done soaking, apply the paste to the sweat stains and let it sit for 20 minutes before washing the shirt.
While this method is safe for most fabrics, it may lighten certain delicate fabrics. If you're unsure of how your fabric will react, test out a small spot first.
3-5. Squeeze lemon juice onto sweat stains found on white fabrics.
Cut a lemon in half and squeeze the juice onto the sweat stains. How much juice you use is up to you, but be sure to adequately cover the stains. Let the shirt sit out in the sun for the day, allowing the heat and lemon juice to bleach the stains.
Since lemon juice bleaches clothing, it's best to use it on white clothing if you're going to be leaving it out in the sun.
Tips
When choosing what to wear, pick colors such as navy, black, or white, which will help hide sweat. Patterns or designs are also good for hiding sweat stains, but stay away from vibrant solid colors.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Deodorant or Antiperspirant\\n1-1. Use deodorant or antiperspirant when your armpits are completely dry.\\nIf your arms are wet or sweaty when you apply your deodorant or antiperspirant, it’s not going to work as well and stains are more likely to form. Wipe off any moisture underneath your arms before applying deodorant or antiperspirant, and let the application dry completely.\\n1-2. Apply deodorant or antiperspirant in an even, thin layer.\\nIt’s common to think that applying more deodorant or antiperspirant will help you smell or sweat less, but this isn’t necessarily the case. It’s much better to apply an even layer that is thin and controlled. Don’t apply too much, as this can cause stains.\\n1-3. Change up your deodorant or antiperspirant every 6 months.\\nResearch has shown that it's possible for your body to become immune to your antiperspirant after several months. So if you're frustrated by your deodorant or antiperspirant because it doesn't seem to be working anymore, try switching it up and trying out a different one. You can always go back to your favorite after a few months.\\n1-4. Try a prescription deodorant or antiperspirant for extreme sweating.\\nIf you find yourself constantly sweating and are looking for a better solution, think about trying a prescription deodorant or antiperspirant. These still have lots of aluminum, but they’re less likely to ruin your day-time clothes because you apply the prescription at night.\\nThe prescription will most likely cause a bit of damage to your sleepwear, so throw on an old t-shirt or nightgown before going to bed.\\n1-5. Switch to a natural or chemical-free deodorant.\\nMany deodorants have aluminum in them, which helps you sweat less. However, the aluminum causes the sweat that you do produce to leave more prominent stains on your clothing. By switching to a natural deodorant or antiperspirant, you’ll avoid all of the harmful chemicals that are in regular deodorants and help prevent stains as well.\\n2. Fighting Off Sweat\\n2-1. Choose breathable fabrics.\\nIf your clothes aren’t properly ventilated, you’re going to be sweating a lot more due to all that hot air being trapped next to your body. Pick clothing made of breathable fabrics such as cotton, linen, or chambray. The more air that’s able to pass through your clothes, the smaller your sweat stains are likely to be.\\nStay away from fabrics such as polyester or silk, which trap heat.\\n2-2. Opt for clothes that are loose or sleeveless.\\nWhen your clothing is tight against your body, there’s not a lot of room for air to help cool you down. To avoid this, choose clothing that is loose or sleeveless. If possible, pick out shirts that have low arm holes and are made of natural materials.\\n2-3. Put on an undershirt if desired.\\nWhile this won’t work for every outfit, throwing on a breathable undershirt before you finish getting dressed will help soak up sweat before it gets to your outer layer. For this to work, make sure your undershirt is thin and comfortable — you don’t want it to make you sweat even more.\\n2-4. Keep a spare set of clothes with you.\\nIf you’re walking to work or waiting in the heat and know you’re going to be sweaty once you get to your destination, bring an extra set of clothes with you. This also works for unexpected sweat stains — it’s always better to have a clean shirt to throw on when the sweat takes over, no matter where you are.\\n2-5. Shower or bathe regularly.\\nHow much you sweat and the odor you put off is related to how clean your body is. Make sure you shower or take a bath often, especially if you've exercised or been outside for awhile.\\n2-6. Eat healthy foods.\\nFilling up your body with healthy foods will actually make you sweat and smell less. Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, nuts, healthy fats, and other healthy options to keep your body feeling clean. Try to eat less carbs — too many carbohydrates are a huge contributor to smelly body odor.\\nStay away from spicy foods. They create a reaction from your body similar to how your body reacts to heat — by sweating.\\nLeafy greens, foods high in magnesium, and probiotics will have you smelling fresh and clean.\\n2-7. Stay away from caffeine.\\nWhen you drink caffeinated drinks, such as coffee or soda, your body reacts to the jolt of energy by sweating more. Try to either eliminate or cut down on food and drinks with caffeine in them to reduce how much you sweat.\\n2-8. Reduce your stress levels.\\nStressing out causes your sweat glands to produce a thicker sweat than you do when you work out. If you find yourself stressed often, try reducing your stress levels by doing yoga, meditating, exercising, or some other stress-relieving activity. Not only will becoming less stressed reduce how much you sweat, but it’ll have you feeling calmer and happier.\\n2-9. Trim or shave the hair under your arms.\\nIt’s easier for the ingredients in deodorants and antiperspirants to reach your skin if they don’t have to go through a layer of hair first. Simply trimming the hairs under your arms will help your sweat stains become less prominent, or you can go all out and shave.\\n2-10. Use sweat shields to absorb your sweat.\\nSweat shields attach to the inside of your shirt’s armpits, soaking up sweat before it reaches the outside of your shirt. They’re essentially armpit pads, and they can be found at most drug stores or big-box stores.\\nSweat shields come in packs and usually cost $5-$20.\\n2-11. Try out Botox or acupuncture to reduce sweating.\\nBoth Botox and acupuncture have been known to help prevent sweating. Botox can be pretty pricey and may not work for everyone, so weigh the pros and cons before testing this one out. Acupuncture is more affordable and works well, as long as you don’t mind all the needles.\\nSince both of these methods involve needles, they're not super comfortable. However, Botox uses a very tiny needle and is said to cause minimal pain, while many people find that acupuncture doesn't hurt at all.\\n3. Removing Sweat Stains from Clothes\\n3-1. Wash your sweaty clothing in cold water as soon as possible.\\nThe longer the sweat sits in your clothes, the more likely it is to cause a stain. Rinse your clothes in cold water, paying special attention to the areas where the sweat is most prominent.\\n3-2. Purchase a stain remover specifically for sweat stains if desired.\\nMany stain removers that you would use on your laundry won't help when it comes to sweat stains, and they may even make the stains worse. Visit a big-box store or go online to find a sweat stain remover, typically costing a little under $20.\\nAvoid using bleach or other harsh chemicals to remove sweat stains — the aluminum reaction can't be fixed by using bleach, and could make the stain worse.\\n3-3. Combine dish detergent with hydrogen peroxide on white shirts.\\nMix together ⁄4 cup (59 ml) of hydrogen peroxide and 2 teaspoons (9.9 ml) of dish detergent. Rub the mixture onto the sweat stains and wait 1 hour before washing it normally.\\nSprinkling a little bit of baking soda over the stains once you apply the mixture of dish detergent and hydrogen peroxide will help remove stubborn sweat stains.\\nThis method is safe for most fabrics, but be careful if the fabric is silk or wool. These fabrics are best cared for by a professional.\\n3-4. Mix together vinegar, baking soda, water, and salt for an at-home remedy.\\nSoak the shirt in a mixture of 2 cups (470 ml) of warm water and 1 cup (240 ml) of warm white vinegar for a half hour. While your shirt is soaking, mix 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of salt, 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of hydrogen peroxide, and 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of baking soda together to create a paste. Once the shirt is done soaking, apply the paste to the sweat stains and let it sit for 20 minutes before washing the shirt.\\nWhile this method is safe for most fabrics, it may lighten certain delicate fabrics. If you're unsure of how your fabric will react, test out a small spot first.\\n3-5. Squeeze lemon juice onto sweat stains found on white fabrics.\\nCut a lemon in half and squeeze the juice onto the sweat stains. How much juice you use is up to you, but be sure to adequately cover the stains. Let the shirt sit out in the sun for the day, allowing the heat and lemon juice to bleach the stains.\\nSince lemon juice bleaches clothing, it's best to use it on white clothing if you're going to be leaving it out in the sun.\\nTips\\nWhen choosing what to wear, pick colors such as navy, black, or white, which will help hide sweat. Patterns or designs are also good for hiding sweat stains, but stay away from vibrant solid colors.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Sweating is your body's natural way of getting rid of toxins, but the stains it can leave behind on your clothing aren't so great. It's important to wear breathable clothing that allows your body to cool down, as this will help prevent sweat stains tremendously. Choosing a deodorant or antiperspirant that's right for your body, whether all-natural or not, will help reduce sweating, and using sweat stain removers should help you get rid of any set stains.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Deodorant or Antiperspirant\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use deodorant or antiperspirant when your armpits are completely dry.\", \"描述\": \"If your arms are wet or sweaty when you apply your deodorant or antiperspirant, it’s not going to work as well and stains are more likely to form. Wipe off any moisture underneath your arms before applying deodorant or antiperspirant, and let the application dry completely.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply deodorant or antiperspirant in an even, thin layer.\", \"描述\": \"It’s common to think that applying more deodorant or antiperspirant will help you smell or sweat less, but this isn’t necessarily the case. It’s much better to apply an even layer that is thin and controlled. Don’t apply too much, as this can cause stains.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Change up your deodorant or antiperspirant every 6 months.\", \"描述\": \"Research has shown that it's possible for your body to become immune to your antiperspirant after several months. So if you're frustrated by your deodorant or antiperspirant because it doesn't seem to be working anymore, try switching it up and trying out a different one. You can always go back to your favorite after a few months.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try a prescription deodorant or antiperspirant for extreme sweating.\", \"描述\": \"If you find yourself constantly sweating and are looking for a better solution, think about trying a prescription deodorant or antiperspirant. These still have lots of aluminum, but they’re less likely to ruin your day-time clothes because you apply the prescription at night.\\nThe prescription will most likely cause a bit of damage to your sleepwear, so throw on an old t-shirt or nightgown before going to bed.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Switch to a natural or chemical-free deodorant.\", \"描述\": \"Many deodorants have aluminum in them, which helps you sweat less. However, the aluminum causes the sweat that you do produce to leave more prominent stains on your clothing. By switching to a natural deodorant or antiperspirant, you’ll avoid all of the harmful chemicals that are in regular deodorants and help prevent stains as well.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fighting Off Sweat\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose breathable fabrics.\", \"描述\": \"If your clothes aren’t properly ventilated, you’re going to be sweating a lot more due to all that hot air being trapped next to your body. Pick clothing made of breathable fabrics such as cotton, linen, or chambray. The more air that’s able to pass through your clothes, the smaller your sweat stains are likely to be.\\nStay away from fabrics such as polyester or silk, which trap heat.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Opt for clothes that are loose or sleeveless.\", \"描述\": \"When your clothing is tight against your body, there’s not a lot of room for air to help cool you down. To avoid this, choose clothing that is loose or sleeveless. If possible, pick out shirts that have low arm holes and are made of natural materials.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put on an undershirt if desired.\", \"描述\": \"While this won’t work for every outfit, throwing on a breathable undershirt before you finish getting dressed will help soak up sweat before it gets to your outer layer. For this to work, make sure your undershirt is thin and comfortable — you don’t want it to make you sweat even more.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep a spare set of clothes with you.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re walking to work or waiting in the heat and know you’re going to be sweaty once you get to your destination, bring an extra set of clothes with you. This also works for unexpected sweat stains — it’s always better to have a clean shirt to throw on when the sweat takes over, no matter where you are.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Shower or bathe regularly.\", \"描述\": \"How much you sweat and the odor you put off is related to how clean your body is. Make sure you shower or take a bath often, especially if you've exercised or been outside for awhile.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eat healthy foods.\", \"描述\": \"Filling up your body with healthy foods will actually make you sweat and smell less. Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, nuts, healthy fats, and other healthy options to keep your body feeling clean. Try to eat less carbs — too many carbohydrates are a huge contributor to smelly body odor.\\nStay away from spicy foods. They create a reaction from your body similar to how your body reacts to heat — by sweating.\\nLeafy greens, foods high in magnesium, and probiotics will have you smelling fresh and clean.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Stay away from caffeine.\", \"描述\": \"When you drink caffeinated drinks, such as coffee or soda, your body reacts to the jolt of energy by sweating more. Try to either eliminate or cut down on food and drinks with caffeine in them to reduce how much you sweat.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Reduce your stress levels.\", \"描述\": \"Stressing out causes your sweat glands to produce a thicker sweat than you do when you work out. If you find yourself stressed often, try reducing your stress levels by doing yoga, meditating, exercising, or some other stress-relieving activity. Not only will becoming less stressed reduce how much you sweat, but it’ll have you feeling calmer and happier.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Trim or shave the hair under your arms.\", \"描述\": \"It’s easier for the ingredients in deodorants and antiperspirants to reach your skin if they don’t have to go through a layer of hair first. Simply trimming the hairs under your arms will help your sweat stains become less prominent, or you can go all out and shave.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Use sweat shields to absorb your sweat.\", \"描述\": \"Sweat shields attach to the inside of your shirt’s armpits, soaking up sweat before it reaches the outside of your shirt. They’re essentially armpit pads, and they can be found at most drug stores or big-box stores.\\nSweat shields come in packs and usually cost $5-$20.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Try out Botox or acupuncture to reduce sweating.\", \"描述\": \"Both Botox and acupuncture have been known to help prevent sweating. Botox can be pretty pricey and may not work for everyone, so weigh the pros and cons before testing this one out. Acupuncture is more affordable and works well, as long as you don’t mind all the needles.\\nSince both of these methods involve needles, they're not super comfortable. However, Botox uses a very tiny needle and is said to cause minimal pain, while many people find that acupuncture doesn't hurt at all.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Removing Sweat Stains from Clothes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wash your sweaty clothing in cold water as soon as possible.\", \"描述\": \"The longer the sweat sits in your clothes, the more likely it is to cause a stain. Rinse your clothes in cold water, paying special attention to the areas where the sweat is most prominent.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Purchase a stain remover specifically for sweat stains if desired.\", \"描述\": \"Many stain removers that you would use on your laundry won't help when it comes to sweat stains, and they may even make the stains worse. Visit a big-box store or go online to find a sweat stain remover, typically costing a little under $20.\\nAvoid using bleach or other harsh chemicals to remove sweat stains — the aluminum reaction can't be fixed by using bleach, and could make the stain worse.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Combine dish detergent with hydrogen peroxide on white shirts.\", \"描述\": \"Mix together ⁄4 cup (59 ml) of hydrogen peroxide and 2 teaspoons (9.9 ml) of dish detergent. Rub the mixture onto the sweat stains and wait 1 hour before washing it normally.\\nSprinkling a little bit of baking soda over the stains once you apply the mixture of dish detergent and hydrogen peroxide will help remove stubborn sweat stains.\\nThis method is safe for most fabrics, but be careful if the fabric is silk or wool. These fabrics are best cared for by a professional.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Mix together vinegar, baking soda, water, and salt for an at-home remedy.\", \"描述\": \"Soak the shirt in a mixture of 2 cups (470 ml) of warm water and 1 cup (240 ml) of warm white vinegar for a half hour. While your shirt is soaking, mix 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of salt, 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of hydrogen peroxide, and 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of baking soda together to create a paste. Once the shirt is done soaking, apply the paste to the sweat stains and let it sit for 20 minutes before washing the shirt.\\nWhile this method is safe for most fabrics, it may lighten certain delicate fabrics. If you're unsure of how your fabric will react, test out a small spot first.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Squeeze lemon juice onto sweat stains found on white fabrics.\", \"描述\": \"Cut a lemon in half and squeeze the juice onto the sweat stains. How much juice you use is up to you, but be sure to adequately cover the stains. Let the shirt sit out in the sun for the day, allowing the heat and lemon juice to bleach the stains.\\nSince lemon juice bleaches clothing, it's best to use it on white clothing if you're going to be leaving it out in the sun.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"When choosing what to wear, pick colors such as navy, black, or white, which will help hide sweat. Patterns or designs are also good for hiding sweat stains, but stay away from vibrant solid colors.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
3,211 | How to Avoid Sweating Too Much | 1. Using an Antiperspirant
1-1. Go with an antiperspirant instead of a deodorant.
Check labels when you shop for products and be sure to purchase an antiperspirant instead of just a deodorant. Deodorant masks body odor, but it doesn’t do anything to prevent excessive sweating.
Go with a soft-solid, roll-on product for your underarms. For your hands, feet, legs and other areas of your body choose an aerosol antiperspirant.
1-2. Look for a formula labeled "clinical strength."
Clinical strength antiperspirants are more expensive, but they’re more effective at preventing perspiration. Most antiperspirant deodorant brands offer a clinical strength formula. You can find them at your local pharmacy and wherever hygiene products are sold.
Antiperspirants that contain aluminum chloride are the most effective products.
1-3. Apply antiperspirant in the morning.
Applying antiperspirant once a day will offer the best results. Glide the antiperspirant over your skin and evenly coat your underarms with a thin layer. After applying it, gently massage it into your skin to increase its effectiveness.
Don't apply antiperspirant too much. Sometimes, your body needs to sweat. Avoid using antiperspirant before bed.
1-4. Make sure your skin is dry before using an antiperspirant.
If you've just gotten out of the shower or if your underarms are sweaty, dry them off with a towel. You could also blow-dry your underarms with a hair dryer set to cool.
Applying an antiperspirant to wet skin can cause irritation.
1-5. Use aerosol antiperspirants on areas other than your underarms.
For sweaty feet, spray your soles and between your toes to prevent soggy, sweat-soaked socks. If your face and head sweat a lot, you could spray an aerosol antiperspirant along your hairline.
There are also antiperspirant wipes available, which you might find more convenient to use than an aerosol.
Test an antiperspirant before using it on your hairline or any other area of sensitive skin. Apply it to a small patch of skin and make sure you don’t experience any redness or stinging. If you do, avoid using the product on sensitive areas.
2. Trying Home Remedies
2-1. Bathe daily and develop healthy hygiene habits.
Bathing daily can keep the bacteria that live on your skin in check. These bacteria cause body odor related to excessive sweating, so reducing their number can help you avoid smelling sweaty.
Washing with soap after a workout or other rigorous activities is especially important. Washing away sweat and bacteria after exercising can also help control acne.
While bathing daily is good, try to keep showers short. Long, hot showers can dry out your skin and cause acne or irritation.
2-2. Apply products that contain tannic acid to the affected areas.
You can find astringent skin care products that contain tannic acid at pharmacies and wherever hygiene products are sold. Apply a thin layer to the areas of your body that sweat excessively, such as your underarms or feet. Read your product's instructions, and use it as directed.
You could also try brewing strong black tea, which contains tannic acid. Soak a washcloth in the tea or apply the tea bags directly to your skin.
Clinical strength antiperspirants can cause irritation or worsen eczema and atopic dermatitis, but tannic acid can help minimize these effects.
2-3. Skip spicy foods.
Chili peppers, hot sauce, and other spicy items can cause sweating, so try to avoid them. If you notice that you start sweating when you eat spicy food, steer clear of them, especially when you’re out and about.
Additionally, onions and garlic can make your sweat smell unpleasant.
2-4. Cut down on caffeinated and alcoholic beverages.
Take note if you tend to sweat more when you drink caffeinated coffee or tea, or when you drink alcohol. If necessary, avoid these substances, especially when you’re out in public.
Keep in mind caffeine is also found in chocolate, so you might need to cut back on sweet treats, too.
2-5. Try relaxation techniques if stress causes you to sweat.
When you feel overwhelmed or stressed out, breathe in deeply as you count to 4, hold for a 4 count, then exhale slowly for an 8 count. As you control your breathing, imagine you're in a comfortable setting, like a soothing place from your childhood.
Try doing relaxation techniques before and during stressful situations, like public speaking or going to the dentist.
2-6. Keep track of what triggers your sweating.
Try keeping a sweat journal to track what causes you to sweat. You could keep a small pad on hand or keep a log on your phone.
For instance, if you added hot sauce to your lunch and started sweating excessively, make a note. Write down if you start sweating after drinking a glass of wine, or if talking to your crush sends your sweat glands into overdrive.
Tracking specific triggers will help you know what to avoid in order to prevent excessive sweating.
Try to shave your whole body whenever you can.
3. Handling Sweaty Social Situations
3-1. Wear light fabrics that allow air circulation.
Choose clothes made of natural fibers with a loose weave, such as cotton or linen. Light colors can also help keep you cooler since they don’t absorb as much light and heat as dark colors.
Sweat stains show up most visibly on gray clothing, so try to avoid that color.
3-2. Pack a change of clothes and extra socks.
Bring an extra shirt and a pair of pants or skirt that you can change into if you have sweaty spots on your outfit. Before changing, use a cloth or a handkerchief to wipe away excess sweat. Additionally, bring extra socks if your feet sweat a lot.
If necessary, swap out sweaty socks for a fresh pair 2 or 3 times a day.
Pack extra clothes in a backpack or compact travel bag. You could also keep extra clothes in your car or in your office at work.
3-3. Invest in moisture-wicking apparel.
Moisture-wicking apparel is made of specially designed fabric that absorbs and dispels sweat. Wear moisture-wicking undershirts and underwear to avoid visible sweat stains on your outer clothes.
Moisture-wicking apparel can be pricey. Cotton undergarments are more affordable and can absorb sweat, but they’re not as effective as specialty performance apparel.
3-4. Manage clammy hands with an antiperspirant or absorbent powders.
If your hands sweat a lot, try spraying them with an aerosol antiperspirant in the morning and before bedtime. Rubbing them with baby powder, baking soda, or cornstarch as needed could also help keep them dry.
Remember to dry your hands well with a towel or blow dryer before applying antiperspirant.
If your hands are often clammy, avoid using thick, oily lotions that contain petroleum jelly.
3-5. Purchase breathable shoes for sweaty feet.
Leather and other natural materials are good choices for dress shoes. When shopping for sneakers, look for options that have small holes for air circulation.
Additionally, wear sandals or go barefoot whenever possible so your feet can breathe.
You could also purchase moisture-wicking athletic socks.
3-6. Use a setting spray or powder to prevent running makeup.
If your head and face sweat a lot and ruin your makeup, apply a matting primer before foundation, blush, and eye makeup. After applying your makeup, finish with a setting spray or powder to prevent it from running.
You should also carry blotting wipes to soak up sweat without ruining your makeup. Coffee filters also work well in a pinch.
Before applying makeup, you can also spray your hairline with an aerosol antiperspirant. Be sure to test it on a small area of skin first to avoid irritation.
4. Consulting a Doctor
4-1. Talk to your doctor if sweating interferes with your daily activities.
Schedule an appointment if you avoid social activities or feel that sweating has impacted your emotional well-being. You should also consult your doctor if excessive sweating develops suddenly or inexplicably, is accompanied by weight loss, or mainly happens at night.
You might have a condition called hyperhidrosis, or overactive sweat glands. Your sweating could also be related to another underlying medical condition.
Your primary doctor might refer you to a dermatologist, or a skin specialist.
Sweating along with difficulty breathing, chest pain, or pain in your arms, neck, or jaws could be a medical emergency. Get immediate help if you experience these symptoms.
4-2. Discuss any medications you take with your doctor.
There are countless prescription medications that can cause sweating as a side effect. Ask your doctor if any medications you regularly take might be causing you to sweat. If necessary, ask if they can suggest an alternative medication with fewer side effects.
4-3. Ask your doctor if they recommend a prescription medication.
Your doctor might recommend a prescription-strength antiperspirant, a drying cream, or an anticholinergic medication. Take any medication according to your doctor's instructions, and don't stop taking your medication without your doctor's approval.
Prescription antiperspirants and drying creams are typically the first step in medical treatment. Your doctor might prescribe an oral medication if these aren't effective.
Oral anticholinergic medications are systemic, which means they cause a drying effect throughout your body. They can suppress your sweat glands, but they can also cause dry mouth and dry eyes.
4-4. Try iontophoresis for excessive sweating of the hands and feet.
Your doctor can prescribe an at-home electric iontophoresis machine, or perform the treatment at their office. In this procedure, a mild electric current is run through water and is used to shut down your sweat glands.
A typical regimen consists of several 30-minute sessions per week.
You’ll feel a tingling sensation during the procedure; tingling could persist for a few hours after treatment. Side effects are rare, but may include skin irritation, dryness, and blistering.
4-5. Talk to your doctor about Botox injections.
Botox can temporarily paralyze sweat glands for 7 to 19 months per injection. It’s used in cases of severe sweating, and can be injected into the underarms, face, hands, or feet.
Side effects include pain at the injection site and flu-like symptoms. When injected into the palms, Botox can cause temporary weakness and pain.
4-6. Consider undergoing microwave thermolysis.
These devices work on the armpits or other sweaty areas that have a layer of protective fat. A device delivers controlled electromagnetic energy, which destroys the sweat glands in the treated area. Doctors usually recommend 2 treatments spaced 3 months apart.
Destroying sweat glands in the underarms doesn’t affect the body’s ability to control its temperature. Only 2% of your sweat glands are located in your underarm areas.
You won’t feel any pain or discomfort during the procedure, but you could experience redness, swelling, and tenderness for several days. You might feel numbness or tingling in the treated areas for up to 5 weeks after undergoing microwave thermolysis.
4-7. See a counselor if anxiety triggers your sweating.
If you're experiencing anxiety-triggered sweating, cognitive behavioral therapy or psychotherapy could help you find relief. A counselor or therapist can recommend relaxation techniques and teach you how to recognize and redirect triggering thought patterns.
If necessary, they might also recommend medication for an anxiety or panic attack disorder.
4-8. Undergo surgery as a last resort.
Surgery for excessive sweating is rare and only advised in extreme circumstances when all other treatment options have failed. There are 2 surgical procedures used to treat hyperhidrosis:
Local underarm surgery is performed under local anesthesia in a dermatologist's office. Your doctor will use liposuction, excision (cutting with scalpel or scraper), or lasers to remove the sweat glands. Recovery usually takes 2 days, although you'll need to limit arm activity for about a week.
A sympathectomy involves removing the nerve that tells the body to sweat excessively. In a related procedure, called a sympathectomy, the nerve is cut instead of removed. These procedures can relieve excessive underarm or hand sweating, but they can also cause heat intolerance, irregular heartbeat, and compulsory sweating, or increased sweating in other parts of the body.
If your condition requires surgery, your dermatologist will help you decide which option is right for you.
Tips
Some people are concerned that antiperspirants are linked to a higher risk for breast cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. There is no scientific evidence that links antiperspirants to these or any other illnesses.[33]
X
Research source
If you want to stay active and avoid sweating too much, try swimming. The water will wash away your sweat while letting you stay active.
If you’re overweight or obese, losing weight can make it easier for your body to cool itself down, so you won’t sweat as much.
Warnings
Seek medical attention if excessive sweating is accompanied by dizziness, chest or stomach pain, chills, weight loss, or other unusual or serious symptoms.[34]
X
Trustworthy Source
Mayo Clinic
Educational website from one of the world's leading hospitals
Go to source
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"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using an Antiperspirant\\n1-1. Go with an antiperspirant instead of a deodorant.\\nCheck labels when you shop for products and be sure to purchase an antiperspirant instead of just a deodorant. Deodorant masks body odor, but it doesn’t do anything to prevent excessive sweating.\\nGo with a soft-solid, roll-on product for your underarms. For your hands, feet, legs and other areas of your body choose an aerosol antiperspirant.\\n1-2. Look for a formula labeled \\\"clinical strength.\\\"\\nClinical strength antiperspirants are more expensive, but they’re more effective at preventing perspiration. Most antiperspirant deodorant brands offer a clinical strength formula. You can find them at your local pharmacy and wherever hygiene products are sold.\\nAntiperspirants that contain aluminum chloride are the most effective products.\\n1-3. Apply antiperspirant in the morning.\\nApplying antiperspirant once a day will offer the best results. Glide the antiperspirant over your skin and evenly coat your underarms with a thin layer. After applying it, gently massage it into your skin to increase its effectiveness.\\nDon't apply antiperspirant too much. Sometimes, your body needs to sweat. Avoid using antiperspirant before bed.\\n1-4. Make sure your skin is dry before using an antiperspirant.\\nIf you've just gotten out of the shower or if your underarms are sweaty, dry them off with a towel. You could also blow-dry your underarms with a hair dryer set to cool.\\nApplying an antiperspirant to wet skin can cause irritation.\\n1-5. Use aerosol antiperspirants on areas other than your underarms.\\nFor sweaty feet, spray your soles and between your toes to prevent soggy, sweat-soaked socks. If your face and head sweat a lot, you could spray an aerosol antiperspirant along your hairline.\\nThere are also antiperspirant wipes available, which you might find more convenient to use than an aerosol.\\nTest an antiperspirant before using it on your hairline or any other area of sensitive skin. Apply it to a small patch of skin and make sure you don’t experience any redness or stinging. If you do, avoid using the product on sensitive areas.\\n2. Trying Home Remedies\\n2-1. Bathe daily and develop healthy hygiene habits.\\nBathing daily can keep the bacteria that live on your skin in check. These bacteria cause body odor related to excessive sweating, so reducing their number can help you avoid smelling sweaty.\\nWashing with soap after a workout or other rigorous activities is especially important. Washing away sweat and bacteria after exercising can also help control acne.\\nWhile bathing daily is good, try to keep showers short. Long, hot showers can dry out your skin and cause acne or irritation.\\n2-2. Apply products that contain tannic acid to the affected areas.\\nYou can find astringent skin care products that contain tannic acid at pharmacies and wherever hygiene products are sold. Apply a thin layer to the areas of your body that sweat excessively, such as your underarms or feet. Read your product's instructions, and use it as directed.\\nYou could also try brewing strong black tea, which contains tannic acid. Soak a washcloth in the tea or apply the tea bags directly to your skin.\\nClinical strength antiperspirants can cause irritation or worsen eczema and atopic dermatitis, but tannic acid can help minimize these effects.\\n2-3. Skip spicy foods.\\nChili peppers, hot sauce, and other spicy items can cause sweating, so try to avoid them. If you notice that you start sweating when you eat spicy food, steer clear of them, especially when you’re out and about.\\nAdditionally, onions and garlic can make your sweat smell unpleasant.\\n2-4. Cut down on caffeinated and alcoholic beverages.\\nTake note if you tend to sweat more when you drink caffeinated coffee or tea, or when you drink alcohol. If necessary, avoid these substances, especially when you’re out in public.\\nKeep in mind caffeine is also found in chocolate, so you might need to cut back on sweet treats, too.\\n2-5. Try relaxation techniques if stress causes you to sweat.\\nWhen you feel overwhelmed or stressed out, breathe in deeply as you count to 4, hold for a 4 count, then exhale slowly for an 8 count. As you control your breathing, imagine you're in a comfortable setting, like a soothing place from your childhood.\\nTry doing relaxation techniques before and during stressful situations, like public speaking or going to the dentist.\\n2-6. Keep track of what triggers your sweating.\\nTry keeping a sweat journal to track what causes you to sweat. You could keep a small pad on hand or keep a log on your phone.\\nFor instance, if you added hot sauce to your lunch and started sweating excessively, make a note. Write down if you start sweating after drinking a glass of wine, or if talking to your crush sends your sweat glands into overdrive.\\nTracking specific triggers will help you know what to avoid in order to prevent excessive sweating.\\nTry to shave your whole body whenever you can.\\n3. Handling Sweaty Social Situations\\n3-1. Wear light fabrics that allow air circulation.\\nChoose clothes made of natural fibers with a loose weave, such as cotton or linen. Light colors can also help keep you cooler since they don’t absorb as much light and heat as dark colors.\\nSweat stains show up most visibly on gray clothing, so try to avoid that color.\\n3-2. Pack a change of clothes and extra socks.\\nBring an extra shirt and a pair of pants or skirt that you can change into if you have sweaty spots on your outfit. Before changing, use a cloth or a handkerchief to wipe away excess sweat. Additionally, bring extra socks if your feet sweat a lot.\\nIf necessary, swap out sweaty socks for a fresh pair 2 or 3 times a day.\\nPack extra clothes in a backpack or compact travel bag. You could also keep extra clothes in your car or in your office at work.\\n3-3. Invest in moisture-wicking apparel.\\nMoisture-wicking apparel is made of specially designed fabric that absorbs and dispels sweat. Wear moisture-wicking undershirts and underwear to avoid visible sweat stains on your outer clothes.\\nMoisture-wicking apparel can be pricey. Cotton undergarments are more affordable and can absorb sweat, but they’re not as effective as specialty performance apparel.\\n3-4. Manage clammy hands with an antiperspirant or absorbent powders.\\nIf your hands sweat a lot, try spraying them with an aerosol antiperspirant in the morning and before bedtime. Rubbing them with baby powder, baking soda, or cornstarch as needed could also help keep them dry.\\nRemember to dry your hands well with a towel or blow dryer before applying antiperspirant.\\nIf your hands are often clammy, avoid using thick, oily lotions that contain petroleum jelly.\\n3-5. Purchase breathable shoes for sweaty feet.\\nLeather and other natural materials are good choices for dress shoes. When shopping for sneakers, look for options that have small holes for air circulation.\\nAdditionally, wear sandals or go barefoot whenever possible so your feet can breathe.\\nYou could also purchase moisture-wicking athletic socks.\\n3-6. Use a setting spray or powder to prevent running makeup.\\nIf your head and face sweat a lot and ruin your makeup, apply a matting primer before foundation, blush, and eye makeup. After applying your makeup, finish with a setting spray or powder to prevent it from running.\\nYou should also carry blotting wipes to soak up sweat without ruining your makeup. Coffee filters also work well in a pinch.\\nBefore applying makeup, you can also spray your hairline with an aerosol antiperspirant. Be sure to test it on a small area of skin first to avoid irritation.\\n4. Consulting a Doctor\\n4-1. Talk to your doctor if sweating interferes with your daily activities.\\nSchedule an appointment if you avoid social activities or feel that sweating has impacted your emotional well-being. You should also consult your doctor if excessive sweating develops suddenly or inexplicably, is accompanied by weight loss, or mainly happens at night.\\nYou might have a condition called hyperhidrosis, or overactive sweat glands. Your sweating could also be related to another underlying medical condition.\\nYour primary doctor might refer you to a dermatologist, or a skin specialist.\\nSweating along with difficulty breathing, chest pain, or pain in your arms, neck, or jaws could be a medical emergency. Get immediate help if you experience these symptoms.\\n4-2. Discuss any medications you take with your doctor.\\nThere are countless prescription medications that can cause sweating as a side effect. Ask your doctor if any medications you regularly take might be causing you to sweat. If necessary, ask if they can suggest an alternative medication with fewer side effects.\\n4-3. Ask your doctor if they recommend a prescription medication.\\nYour doctor might recommend a prescription-strength antiperspirant, a drying cream, or an anticholinergic medication. Take any medication according to your doctor's instructions, and don't stop taking your medication without your doctor's approval.\\nPrescription antiperspirants and drying creams are typically the first step in medical treatment. Your doctor might prescribe an oral medication if these aren't effective.\\nOral anticholinergic medications are systemic, which means they cause a drying effect throughout your body. They can suppress your sweat glands, but they can also cause dry mouth and dry eyes.\\n4-4. Try iontophoresis for excessive sweating of the hands and feet.\\nYour doctor can prescribe an at-home electric iontophoresis machine, or perform the treatment at their office. In this procedure, a mild electric current is run through water and is used to shut down your sweat glands.\\nA typical regimen consists of several 30-minute sessions per week.\\nYou’ll feel a tingling sensation during the procedure; tingling could persist for a few hours after treatment. Side effects are rare, but may include skin irritation, dryness, and blistering.\\n4-5. Talk to your doctor about Botox injections.\\nBotox can temporarily paralyze sweat glands for 7 to 19 months per injection. It’s used in cases of severe sweating, and can be injected into the underarms, face, hands, or feet.\\nSide effects include pain at the injection site and flu-like symptoms. When injected into the palms, Botox can cause temporary weakness and pain.\\n4-6. Consider undergoing microwave thermolysis.\\nThese devices work on the armpits or other sweaty areas that have a layer of protective fat. A device delivers controlled electromagnetic energy, which destroys the sweat glands in the treated area. Doctors usually recommend 2 treatments spaced 3 months apart.\\nDestroying sweat glands in the underarms doesn’t affect the body’s ability to control its temperature. Only 2% of your sweat glands are located in your underarm areas.\\nYou won’t feel any pain or discomfort during the procedure, but you could experience redness, swelling, and tenderness for several days. You might feel numbness or tingling in the treated areas for up to 5 weeks after undergoing microwave thermolysis.\\n4-7. See a counselor if anxiety triggers your sweating.\\nIf you're experiencing anxiety-triggered sweating, cognitive behavioral therapy or psychotherapy could help you find relief. A counselor or therapist can recommend relaxation techniques and teach you how to recognize and redirect triggering thought patterns.\\nIf necessary, they might also recommend medication for an anxiety or panic attack disorder.\\n4-8. Undergo surgery as a last resort.\\nSurgery for excessive sweating is rare and only advised in extreme circumstances when all other treatment options have failed. There are 2 surgical procedures used to treat hyperhidrosis:\\nLocal underarm surgery is performed under local anesthesia in a dermatologist's office. Your doctor will use liposuction, excision (cutting with scalpel or scraper), or lasers to remove the sweat glands. Recovery usually takes 2 days, although you'll need to limit arm activity for about a week.\\nA sympathectomy involves removing the nerve that tells the body to sweat excessively. In a related procedure, called a sympathectomy, the nerve is cut instead of removed. These procedures can relieve excessive underarm or hand sweating, but they can also cause heat intolerance, irregular heartbeat, and compulsory sweating, or increased sweating in other parts of the body.\\nIf your condition requires surgery, your dermatologist will help you decide which option is right for you.\\nTips\\nSome people are concerned that antiperspirants are linked to a higher risk for breast cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. There is no scientific evidence that links antiperspirants to these or any other illnesses.[33]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you want to stay active and avoid sweating too much, try swimming. The water will wash away your sweat while letting you stay active.\\nIf you’re overweight or obese, losing weight can make it easier for your body to cool itself down, so you won’t sweat as much.\\nWarnings\\nSeek medical attention if excessive sweating is accompanied by dizziness, chest or stomach pain, chills, weight loss, or other unusual or serious symptoms.[34]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nMayo Clinic\\nEducational website from one of the world's leading hospitals\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Do you avoid shaking hands because your palms are always clammy? Are your socks and shoes constantly soggy and smelly? Are you embarrassed by ever-expanding sweat stains on your clothes? If you have these problems, you're not alone. Fortunately, there are plenty of ways to keep excessive sweating from interfering with your life and clobbering your self-confidence.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using an Antiperspirant\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go with an antiperspirant instead of a deodorant.\", \"描述\": \"Check labels when you shop for products and be sure to purchase an antiperspirant instead of just a deodorant. Deodorant masks body odor, but it doesn’t do anything to prevent excessive sweating.\\nGo with a soft-solid, roll-on product for your underarms. For your hands, feet, legs and other areas of your body choose an aerosol antiperspirant.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for a formula labeled \\\"clinical strength.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"Clinical strength antiperspirants are more expensive, but they’re more effective at preventing perspiration. Most antiperspirant deodorant brands offer a clinical strength formula. You can find them at your local pharmacy and wherever hygiene products are sold.\\nAntiperspirants that contain aluminum chloride are the most effective products.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply antiperspirant in the morning.\", \"描述\": \"Applying antiperspirant once a day will offer the best results. Glide the antiperspirant over your skin and evenly coat your underarms with a thin layer. After applying it, gently massage it into your skin to increase its effectiveness.\\nDon't apply antiperspirant too much. Sometimes, your body needs to sweat. Avoid using antiperspirant before bed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make sure your skin is dry before using an antiperspirant.\", \"描述\": \"If you've just gotten out of the shower or if your underarms are sweaty, dry them off with a towel. You could also blow-dry your underarms with a hair dryer set to cool.\\nApplying an antiperspirant to wet skin can cause irritation.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use aerosol antiperspirants on areas other than your underarms.\", \"描述\": \"For sweaty feet, spray your soles and between your toes to prevent soggy, sweat-soaked socks. If your face and head sweat a lot, you could spray an aerosol antiperspirant along your hairline.\\nThere are also antiperspirant wipes available, which you might find more convenient to use than an aerosol.\\nTest an antiperspirant before using it on your hairline or any other area of sensitive skin. Apply it to a small patch of skin and make sure you don’t experience any redness or stinging. If you do, avoid using the product on sensitive areas.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Trying Home Remedies\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bathe daily and develop healthy hygiene habits.\", \"描述\": \"Bathing daily can keep the bacteria that live on your skin in check. These bacteria cause body odor related to excessive sweating, so reducing their number can help you avoid smelling sweaty.\\nWashing with soap after a workout or other rigorous activities is especially important. Washing away sweat and bacteria after exercising can also help control acne.\\nWhile bathing daily is good, try to keep showers short. Long, hot showers can dry out your skin and cause acne or irritation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply products that contain tannic acid to the affected areas.\", \"描述\": \"You can find astringent skin care products that contain tannic acid at pharmacies and wherever hygiene products are sold. Apply a thin layer to the areas of your body that sweat excessively, such as your underarms or feet. Read your product's instructions, and use it as directed.\\nYou could also try brewing strong black tea, which contains tannic acid. Soak a washcloth in the tea or apply the tea bags directly to your skin.\\nClinical strength antiperspirants can cause irritation or worsen eczema and atopic dermatitis, but tannic acid can help minimize these effects.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Skip spicy foods.\", \"描述\": \"Chili peppers, hot sauce, and other spicy items can cause sweating, so try to avoid them. If you notice that you start sweating when you eat spicy food, steer clear of them, especially when you’re out and about.\\nAdditionally, onions and garlic can make your sweat smell unpleasant.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cut down on caffeinated and alcoholic beverages.\", \"描述\": \"Take note if you tend to sweat more when you drink caffeinated coffee or tea, or when you drink alcohol. If necessary, avoid these substances, especially when you’re out in public.\\nKeep in mind caffeine is also found in chocolate, so you might need to cut back on sweet treats, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Try relaxation techniques if stress causes you to sweat.\", \"描述\": \"When you feel overwhelmed or stressed out, breathe in deeply as you count to 4, hold for a 4 count, then exhale slowly for an 8 count. As you control your breathing, imagine you're in a comfortable setting, like a soothing place from your childhood.\\nTry doing relaxation techniques before and during stressful situations, like public speaking or going to the dentist.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep track of what triggers your sweating.\", \"描述\": \"Try keeping a sweat journal to track what causes you to sweat. You could keep a small pad on hand or keep a log on your phone.\\nFor instance, if you added hot sauce to your lunch and started sweating excessively, make a note. Write down if you start sweating after drinking a glass of wine, or if talking to your crush sends your sweat glands into overdrive.\\nTracking specific triggers will help you know what to avoid in order to prevent excessive sweating.\\nTry to shave your whole body whenever you can.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Handling Sweaty Social Situations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wear light fabrics that allow air circulation.\", \"描述\": \"Choose clothes made of natural fibers with a loose weave, such as cotton or linen. Light colors can also help keep you cooler since they don’t absorb as much light and heat as dark colors.\\nSweat stains show up most visibly on gray clothing, so try to avoid that color.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pack a change of clothes and extra socks.\", \"描述\": \"Bring an extra shirt and a pair of pants or skirt that you can change into if you have sweaty spots on your outfit. Before changing, use a cloth or a handkerchief to wipe away excess sweat. Additionally, bring extra socks if your feet sweat a lot.\\nIf necessary, swap out sweaty socks for a fresh pair 2 or 3 times a day.\\nPack extra clothes in a backpack or compact travel bag. You could also keep extra clothes in your car or in your office at work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Invest in moisture-wicking apparel.\", \"描述\": \"Moisture-wicking apparel is made of specially designed fabric that absorbs and dispels sweat. Wear moisture-wicking undershirts and underwear to avoid visible sweat stains on your outer clothes.\\nMoisture-wicking apparel can be pricey. Cotton undergarments are more affordable and can absorb sweat, but they’re not as effective as specialty performance apparel.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Manage clammy hands with an antiperspirant or absorbent powders.\", \"描述\": \"If your hands sweat a lot, try spraying them with an aerosol antiperspirant in the morning and before bedtime. Rubbing them with baby powder, baking soda, or cornstarch as needed could also help keep them dry.\\nRemember to dry your hands well with a towel or blow dryer before applying antiperspirant.\\nIf your hands are often clammy, avoid using thick, oily lotions that contain petroleum jelly.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Purchase breathable shoes for sweaty feet.\", \"描述\": \"Leather and other natural materials are good choices for dress shoes. When shopping for sneakers, look for options that have small holes for air circulation.\\nAdditionally, wear sandals or go barefoot whenever possible so your feet can breathe.\\nYou could also purchase moisture-wicking athletic socks.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use a setting spray or powder to prevent running makeup.\", \"描述\": \"If your head and face sweat a lot and ruin your makeup, apply a matting primer before foundation, blush, and eye makeup. After applying your makeup, finish with a setting spray or powder to prevent it from running.\\nYou should also carry blotting wipes to soak up sweat without ruining your makeup. Coffee filters also work well in a pinch.\\nBefore applying makeup, you can also spray your hairline with an aerosol antiperspirant. Be sure to test it on a small area of skin first to avoid irritation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consulting a Doctor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk to your doctor if sweating interferes with your daily activities.\", \"描述\": \"Schedule an appointment if you avoid social activities or feel that sweating has impacted your emotional well-being. You should also consult your doctor if excessive sweating develops suddenly or inexplicably, is accompanied by weight loss, or mainly happens at night.\\nYou might have a condition called hyperhidrosis, or overactive sweat glands. Your sweating could also be related to another underlying medical condition.\\nYour primary doctor might refer you to a dermatologist, or a skin specialist.\\nSweating along with difficulty breathing, chest pain, or pain in your arms, neck, or jaws could be a medical emergency. Get immediate help if you experience these symptoms.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Discuss any medications you take with your doctor.\", \"描述\": \"There are countless prescription medications that can cause sweating as a side effect. Ask your doctor if any medications you regularly take might be causing you to sweat. If necessary, ask if they can suggest an alternative medication with fewer side effects.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask your doctor if they recommend a prescription medication.\", \"描述\": \"Your doctor might recommend a prescription-strength antiperspirant, a drying cream, or an anticholinergic medication. Take any medication according to your doctor's instructions, and don't stop taking your medication without your doctor's approval.\\nPrescription antiperspirants and drying creams are typically the first step in medical treatment. Your doctor might prescribe an oral medication if these aren't effective.\\nOral anticholinergic medications are systemic, which means they cause a drying effect throughout your body. They can suppress your sweat glands, but they can also cause dry mouth and dry eyes.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try iontophoresis for excessive sweating of the hands and feet.\", \"描述\": \"Your doctor can prescribe an at-home electric iontophoresis machine, or perform the treatment at their office. In this procedure, a mild electric current is run through water and is used to shut down your sweat glands.\\nA typical regimen consists of several 30-minute sessions per week.\\nYou’ll feel a tingling sensation during the procedure; tingling could persist for a few hours after treatment. Side effects are rare, but may include skin irritation, dryness, and blistering.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Talk to your doctor about Botox injections.\", \"描述\": \"Botox can temporarily paralyze sweat glands for 7 to 19 months per injection. It’s used in cases of severe sweating, and can be injected into the underarms, face, hands, or feet.\\nSide effects include pain at the injection site and flu-like symptoms. When injected into the palms, Botox can cause temporary weakness and pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Consider undergoing microwave thermolysis.\", \"描述\": \"These devices work on the armpits or other sweaty areas that have a layer of protective fat. A device delivers controlled electromagnetic energy, which destroys the sweat glands in the treated area. Doctors usually recommend 2 treatments spaced 3 months apart.\\nDestroying sweat glands in the underarms doesn’t affect the body’s ability to control its temperature. Only 2% of your sweat glands are located in your underarm areas.\\nYou won’t feel any pain or discomfort during the procedure, but you could experience redness, swelling, and tenderness for several days. You might feel numbness or tingling in the treated areas for up to 5 weeks after undergoing microwave thermolysis.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"See a counselor if anxiety triggers your sweating.\", \"描述\": \"If you're experiencing anxiety-triggered sweating, cognitive behavioral therapy or psychotherapy could help you find relief. A counselor or therapist can recommend relaxation techniques and teach you how to recognize and redirect triggering thought patterns.\\nIf necessary, they might also recommend medication for an anxiety or panic attack disorder.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Undergo surgery as a last resort.\", \"描述\": \"Surgery for excessive sweating is rare and only advised in extreme circumstances when all other treatment options have failed. There are 2 surgical procedures used to treat hyperhidrosis:\\nLocal underarm surgery is performed under local anesthesia in a dermatologist's office. Your doctor will use liposuction, excision (cutting with scalpel or scraper), or lasers to remove the sweat glands. Recovery usually takes 2 days, although you'll need to limit arm activity for about a week.\\nA sympathectomy involves removing the nerve that tells the body to sweat excessively. In a related procedure, called a sympathectomy, the nerve is cut instead of removed. These procedures can relieve excessive underarm or hand sweating, but they can also cause heat intolerance, irregular heartbeat, and compulsory sweating, or increased sweating in other parts of the body.\\nIf your condition requires surgery, your dermatologist will help you decide which option is right for you.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some people are concerned that antiperspirants are linked to a higher risk for breast cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. There is no scientific evidence that links antiperspirants to these or any other illnesses.[33]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you want to stay active and avoid sweating too much, try swimming. The water will wash away your sweat while letting you stay active.\\n\", \"If you’re overweight or obese, losing weight can make it easier for your body to cool itself down, so you won’t sweat as much.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Seek medical attention if excessive sweating is accompanied by dizziness, chest or stomach pain, chills, weight loss, or other unusual or serious symptoms.[34]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nMayo Clinic\\nEducational website from one of the world's leading hospitals\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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} | wikihow |
3,212 | How to Avoid Tailgaters | 1. Getting Out of the Way
1-1. Slow down gradually.
If you are travelling at the speed limit, or going with the flow, slow down slightly and look for the first opportunity to move out of the way of the tailgater so they can pass you safely. The only place where you want a tailgater to be is in front of you.
If you are on a two-lane road where passing is permissible and you're already going as fast as you are comfortable going, slow down and encourage the tailgater to pass. Waving someone forward to pass you is generally considered acceptable on country roads.
If you slow down gradually, the tailgater will respond by slowing down as well. This way if something unexpected happens in the road, and the tailgater hits you, the accident will be much less severe because the momentum will be lower and they will hit you with much less force.
1-2. Move to an outside lane (not the shoulder) and allow faster traffic to pass.
In most places, faster traffic moves in the inner lanes (the "fast lanes") and slower traffic in the outer lanes (the "slow lanes"). Moving to this lane will also give you a chance to pull off onto the shoulder (if one is available) in case you need to pull out of traffic completely.
However, if you pull off the road and the tailgater does the same, pull back on the road and find a populated area (like a shopping mall or a rest area) to pull off at. People have been robbed because they were hit by a tailgater and pulled off in the middle of nowhere. Always be cautious and safe when pulling off of the roadway.
1-3. Find alternate routes.
If you notice that the route you take to get wherever you're going is a constant source for tailgating or other road rage, it might be safer to find another way to go, not to mention much less stressful.
Try taking city streets instead of congested highways when possible. Tailgating is more common on busy highway roads and interstates where people can drive at faster speeds.
2. Avoiding Road Rage
2-1. Never pump your brakes at a tailgater.
Even though it may seem logical to you to make an attempt to tell the tailgater they are too close to you, don’t do this. The tailgater already knows they’re too close. They just don’t care. If you pump your brakes, the tailgater will become desensitized to your braking and might hit you if you suddenly had to stop.
Pumping your brakes at a tailgater may also make them angry and cause them to react in a negative or violent way toward you.
2-2. Make a turn to get away from the tailgater.
If someone is really tailgating you and you feel unsafe, take the first right turn you can. Resume your route when the impatient motorist has passed. Getting out of the way may be the easiest way to get yourself out of the situation and back to safety.
If you are being followed closely by a vehicle and, when you turn off the road the car still follows you, never drive to your home or any personally identifiable location. Continue onward and drive around the block. Odds are good that it was a mere coincidence, but if the vehicle continues to follow you after several random turns, drive to the nearest police station or contact the police with a cellular phone if you have one available.
2-3. Stay in the right-hand lane.
If you are not driving faster than most of the cars around you, stay in the right lane at all times. Since the left lane is intended only for passing slower vehicles, cars traveling faster tend to be in the left lane more often. This means that you are more likely to encounter someone tailgating you (and getting angry about your slower speed) if you are driving in the left-hand lane.
Only use the left lane for passing. Get around the car you’re passing and get back over into the right lane as quickly and safely as possible.
3. Driving Defensively
3-1. Be aware of your surroundings.
Watch for changes in road conditions, changes in speed, debris on the road, and the behavior or other drivers on the road. These things can be distracting and often cause accidents, or at least erratic driving, which can incite tailgaters to start following you more closely.
Pay attention to the items in your car to reduce distractions while driving. If you are distracted by what’s happening inside your car rather than focusing on the road, you will be a less safe driver to those around you.
Pulling out in front of someone else (especially if they happen to be a habitual tailgater) can be a dangerous mistake. It may upset a tailgater and cause them to act irrationally.
3-2. Be mindful of the speed limit.
One way to drive defensively and avoid tailgating is to pay close attention to the posted speed limit. Make sure that you are driving with the flow of traffic, but also that you are not going too fast or too slow for the posted speed zone.
Tailgating accidents often happen when people are driving too slow for the situation (significantly under the posted speed limit or going slower than the flow of traffic).
3-3. Signal ahead of time.
One way to avoid accidents caused by tailgating is to signal with plenty of advance warning. If you tell a tailgater (by using your blinker) that you intend to change lanes, they will probably avoid zooming around you in the other lane.
This will help protect you from tailgaters who may come up behind you very quickly.
3-4. Avoid rush hour traffic.
Try to avoid driving during rush hours – typically 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. (morning rush), 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. (lunch rush), and 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 PM (evening rush). Rush hours typically happen during the weekdays. While this may not leave a lot of room to conduct daily business, particularly if you stay at home during the day, these are times when motorists are most often on the roads and in a hurry to get to work (or wherever else they are going) on time.
Also consider avoiding using highways, interstates, or other high-speed thoroughfares for short trips. Tailgating often happens on roads with high speed limits.
3-5. Be more cautious at night.
Because of the limited visibility, it is important to be extra vigilant when you are driving at nighttime. Speed limits are often lower at night, so pay attention to that as well.
Tailgaters are particularly hazardous at night because of the bright headlights and what a distraction this can be while driving at night. If you have a tailgater following too closely at night, try to get away from them and out of their headlights.
3-6. Drive carefully in inclement weather.
Tailgating is particularly dangerous during poor weather conditions because the roads may not be in the best shape for sudden stops. Always be mindful of road conditions when you are driving.
If you are driving on icy or slick roads, breaking quickly could cause you to slip and slide and lose control of your vehicle. If a tailgater does this, they probably won’t have enough time to react before hitting you with their car.
Tips
Always drive defensively. Remember, your safety depends mostly on your actions and not the actions of other motorists.
When on a motorcycle, putting your left hand down and waving back at the driver is very effective.
Warnings
Do not spray your windshield wiper fluid. The wind will blow it behind you and onto the tailgater's window. This tends to annoy the tailgater and causes an unsafe driving condition.
Do not make the situation worse by offending the other driver. Shouting, flipping the bird, or making other obscene gestures will probably make the other driver even madder.
It can be potentially dangerous to wave someone on or otherwise encourage them to pass you. There are several reasons for this, one of them being that if you make a mistake – say, there's a driveway you don't see on the other side of the road that a car is pulling out of and turning right – you may be liable for any accidents.
It is illegal (or highly discouraged) to slow down while someone is passing you – if another car suddenly approaches, the other driver needs to make their own decision. Don't complicate things by slowing down, because they may also decide to slow down and fall back behind you.
| {
"create_time": "20230517 10:49:30",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Out of the Way\\n1-1. Slow down gradually.\\nIf you are travelling at the speed limit, or going with the flow, slow down slightly and look for the first opportunity to move out of the way of the tailgater so they can pass you safely. The only place where you want a tailgater to be is in front of you. \\nIf you are on a two-lane road where passing is permissible and you're already going as fast as you are comfortable going, slow down and encourage the tailgater to pass. Waving someone forward to pass you is generally considered acceptable on country roads.\\nIf you slow down gradually, the tailgater will respond by slowing down as well. This way if something unexpected happens in the road, and the tailgater hits you, the accident will be much less severe because the momentum will be lower and they will hit you with much less force.\\n1-2. Move to an outside lane (not the shoulder) and allow faster traffic to pass.\\nIn most places, faster traffic moves in the inner lanes (the \\\"fast lanes\\\") and slower traffic in the outer lanes (the \\\"slow lanes\\\"). Moving to this lane will also give you a chance to pull off onto the shoulder (if one is available) in case you need to pull out of traffic completely.\\nHowever, if you pull off the road and the tailgater does the same, pull back on the road and find a populated area (like a shopping mall or a rest area) to pull off at. People have been robbed because they were hit by a tailgater and pulled off in the middle of nowhere. Always be cautious and safe when pulling off of the roadway.\\n1-3. Find alternate routes.\\nIf you notice that the route you take to get wherever you're going is a constant source for tailgating or other road rage, it might be safer to find another way to go, not to mention much less stressful.\\nTry taking city streets instead of congested highways when possible. Tailgating is more common on busy highway roads and interstates where people can drive at faster speeds.\\n2. Avoiding Road Rage\\n2-1. Never pump your brakes at a tailgater.\\nEven though it may seem logical to you to make an attempt to tell the tailgater they are too close to you, don’t do this. The tailgater already knows they’re too close. They just don’t care. If you pump your brakes, the tailgater will become desensitized to your braking and might hit you if you suddenly had to stop.\\nPumping your brakes at a tailgater may also make them angry and cause them to react in a negative or violent way toward you.\\n2-2. Make a turn to get away from the tailgater.\\nIf someone is really tailgating you and you feel unsafe, take the first right turn you can. Resume your route when the impatient motorist has passed. Getting out of the way may be the easiest way to get yourself out of the situation and back to safety.\\nIf you are being followed closely by a vehicle and, when you turn off the road the car still follows you, never drive to your home or any personally identifiable location. Continue onward and drive around the block. Odds are good that it was a mere coincidence, but if the vehicle continues to follow you after several random turns, drive to the nearest police station or contact the police with a cellular phone if you have one available.\\n2-3. Stay in the right-hand lane.\\nIf you are not driving faster than most of the cars around you, stay in the right lane at all times. Since the left lane is intended only for passing slower vehicles, cars traveling faster tend to be in the left lane more often. This means that you are more likely to encounter someone tailgating you (and getting angry about your slower speed) if you are driving in the left-hand lane.\\nOnly use the left lane for passing. Get around the car you’re passing and get back over into the right lane as quickly and safely as possible.\\n3. Driving Defensively\\n3-1. Be aware of your surroundings.\\nWatch for changes in road conditions, changes in speed, debris on the road, and the behavior or other drivers on the road. These things can be distracting and often cause accidents, or at least erratic driving, which can incite tailgaters to start following you more closely.\\nPay attention to the items in your car to reduce distractions while driving. If you are distracted by what’s happening inside your car rather than focusing on the road, you will be a less safe driver to those around you.\\nPulling out in front of someone else (especially if they happen to be a habitual tailgater) can be a dangerous mistake. It may upset a tailgater and cause them to act irrationally.\\n3-2. Be mindful of the speed limit.\\nOne way to drive defensively and avoid tailgating is to pay close attention to the posted speed limit. Make sure that you are driving with the flow of traffic, but also that you are not going too fast or too slow for the posted speed zone.\\nTailgating accidents often happen when people are driving too slow for the situation (significantly under the posted speed limit or going slower than the flow of traffic).\\n3-3. Signal ahead of time.\\nOne way to avoid accidents caused by tailgating is to signal with plenty of advance warning. If you tell a tailgater (by using your blinker) that you intend to change lanes, they will probably avoid zooming around you in the other lane.\\nThis will help protect you from tailgaters who may come up behind you very quickly.\\n3-4. Avoid rush hour traffic.\\nTry to avoid driving during rush hours – typically 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. (morning rush), 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. (lunch rush), and 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 PM (evening rush). Rush hours typically happen during the weekdays. While this may not leave a lot of room to conduct daily business, particularly if you stay at home during the day, these are times when motorists are most often on the roads and in a hurry to get to work (or wherever else they are going) on time.\\nAlso consider avoiding using highways, interstates, or other high-speed thoroughfares for short trips. Tailgating often happens on roads with high speed limits.\\n3-5. Be more cautious at night.\\nBecause of the limited visibility, it is important to be extra vigilant when you are driving at nighttime. Speed limits are often lower at night, so pay attention to that as well.\\nTailgaters are particularly hazardous at night because of the bright headlights and what a distraction this can be while driving at night. If you have a tailgater following too closely at night, try to get away from them and out of their headlights.\\n3-6. Drive carefully in inclement weather.\\nTailgating is particularly dangerous during poor weather conditions because the roads may not be in the best shape for sudden stops. Always be mindful of road conditions when you are driving.\\nIf you are driving on icy or slick roads, breaking quickly could cause you to slip and slide and lose control of your vehicle. If a tailgater does this, they probably won’t have enough time to react before hitting you with their car.\\nTips\\nAlways drive defensively. Remember, your safety depends mostly on your actions and not the actions of other motorists.\\nWhen on a motorcycle, putting your left hand down and waving back at the driver is very effective.\\nWarnings\\nDo not spray your windshield wiper fluid. The wind will blow it behind you and onto the tailgater's window. This tends to annoy the tailgater and causes an unsafe driving condition.\\nDo not make the situation worse by offending the other driver. Shouting, flipping the bird, or making other obscene gestures will probably make the other driver even madder.\\nIt can be potentially dangerous to wave someone on or otherwise encourage them to pass you. There are several reasons for this, one of them being that if you make a mistake – say, there's a driveway you don't see on the other side of the road that a car is pulling out of and turning right – you may be liable for any accidents.\\nIt is illegal (or highly discouraged) to slow down while someone is passing you – if another car suddenly approaches, the other driver needs to make their own decision. Don't complicate things by slowing down, because they may also decide to slow down and fall back behind you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Tailgaters can be an annoying and dangerous hazard on the road. Sometimes they drive up behind you incredibly quickly and catch you off guard. They might honk their horn at you and, if you look in your rearview mirror, it may look as if the person is literally riding on your rear bumper. This can be a perilous situation for you to find yourself in. But if you practice a little defensive driving and stay mindful of your surroundings, you can avoid tailgaters while you’re driving.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Out of the Way\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Slow down gradually.\", \"描述\": \"If you are travelling at the speed limit, or going with the flow, slow down slightly and look for the first opportunity to move out of the way of the tailgater so they can pass you safely. The only place where you want a tailgater to be is in front of you. \\nIf you are on a two-lane road where passing is permissible and you're already going as fast as you are comfortable going, slow down and encourage the tailgater to pass. Waving someone forward to pass you is generally considered acceptable on country roads.\\nIf you slow down gradually, the tailgater will respond by slowing down as well. This way if something unexpected happens in the road, and the tailgater hits you, the accident will be much less severe because the momentum will be lower and they will hit you with much less force.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Move to an outside lane (not the shoulder) and allow faster traffic to pass.\", \"描述\": \"In most places, faster traffic moves in the inner lanes (the \\\"fast lanes\\\") and slower traffic in the outer lanes (the \\\"slow lanes\\\"). Moving to this lane will also give you a chance to pull off onto the shoulder (if one is available) in case you need to pull out of traffic completely.\\nHowever, if you pull off the road and the tailgater does the same, pull back on the road and find a populated area (like a shopping mall or a rest area) to pull off at. People have been robbed because they were hit by a tailgater and pulled off in the middle of nowhere. Always be cautious and safe when pulling off of the roadway.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find alternate routes.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice that the route you take to get wherever you're going is a constant source for tailgating or other road rage, it might be safer to find another way to go, not to mention much less stressful.\\nTry taking city streets instead of congested highways when possible. Tailgating is more common on busy highway roads and interstates where people can drive at faster speeds.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Road Rage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Never pump your brakes at a tailgater.\", \"描述\": \"Even though it may seem logical to you to make an attempt to tell the tailgater they are too close to you, don’t do this. The tailgater already knows they’re too close. They just don’t care. If you pump your brakes, the tailgater will become desensitized to your braking and might hit you if you suddenly had to stop.\\nPumping your brakes at a tailgater may also make them angry and cause them to react in a negative or violent way toward you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make a turn to get away from the tailgater.\", \"描述\": \"If someone is really tailgating you and you feel unsafe, take the first right turn you can. Resume your route when the impatient motorist has passed. Getting out of the way may be the easiest way to get yourself out of the situation and back to safety.\\nIf you are being followed closely by a vehicle and, when you turn off the road the car still follows you, never drive to your home or any personally identifiable location. Continue onward and drive around the block. Odds are good that it was a mere coincidence, but if the vehicle continues to follow you after several random turns, drive to the nearest police station or contact the police with a cellular phone if you have one available.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay in the right-hand lane.\", \"描述\": \"If you are not driving faster than most of the cars around you, stay in the right lane at all times. Since the left lane is intended only for passing slower vehicles, cars traveling faster tend to be in the left lane more often. This means that you are more likely to encounter someone tailgating you (and getting angry about your slower speed) if you are driving in the left-hand lane.\\nOnly use the left lane for passing. Get around the car you’re passing and get back over into the right lane as quickly and safely as possible.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Driving Defensively\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be aware of your surroundings.\", \"描述\": \"Watch for changes in road conditions, changes in speed, debris on the road, and the behavior or other drivers on the road. These things can be distracting and often cause accidents, or at least erratic driving, which can incite tailgaters to start following you more closely.\\nPay attention to the items in your car to reduce distractions while driving. If you are distracted by what’s happening inside your car rather than focusing on the road, you will be a less safe driver to those around you.\\nPulling out in front of someone else (especially if they happen to be a habitual tailgater) can be a dangerous mistake. It may upset a tailgater and cause them to act irrationally.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be mindful of the speed limit.\", \"描述\": \"One way to drive defensively and avoid tailgating is to pay close attention to the posted speed limit. Make sure that you are driving with the flow of traffic, but also that you are not going too fast or too slow for the posted speed zone.\\nTailgating accidents often happen when people are driving too slow for the situation (significantly under the posted speed limit or going slower than the flow of traffic).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Signal ahead of time.\", \"描述\": \"One way to avoid accidents caused by tailgating is to signal with plenty of advance warning. If you tell a tailgater (by using your blinker) that you intend to change lanes, they will probably avoid zooming around you in the other lane.\\nThis will help protect you from tailgaters who may come up behind you very quickly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid rush hour traffic.\", \"描述\": \"Try to avoid driving during rush hours – typically 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. (morning rush), 11:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. (lunch rush), and 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 PM (evening rush). Rush hours typically happen during the weekdays. While this may not leave a lot of room to conduct daily business, particularly if you stay at home during the day, these are times when motorists are most often on the roads and in a hurry to get to work (or wherever else they are going) on time.\\nAlso consider avoiding using highways, interstates, or other high-speed thoroughfares for short trips. Tailgating often happens on roads with high speed limits.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be more cautious at night.\", \"描述\": \"Because of the limited visibility, it is important to be extra vigilant when you are driving at nighttime. Speed limits are often lower at night, so pay attention to that as well.\\nTailgaters are particularly hazardous at night because of the bright headlights and what a distraction this can be while driving at night. If you have a tailgater following too closely at night, try to get away from them and out of their headlights.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drive carefully in inclement weather.\", \"描述\": \"Tailgating is particularly dangerous during poor weather conditions because the roads may not be in the best shape for sudden stops. Always be mindful of road conditions when you are driving.\\nIf you are driving on icy or slick roads, breaking quickly could cause you to slip and slide and lose control of your vehicle. If a tailgater does this, they probably won’t have enough time to react before hitting you with their car.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always drive defensively. Remember, your safety depends mostly on your actions and not the actions of other motorists.\\n\", \"When on a motorcycle, putting your left hand down and waving back at the driver is very effective.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not spray your windshield wiper fluid. The wind will blow it behind you and onto the tailgater's window. This tends to annoy the tailgater and causes an unsafe driving condition.\\n\", \"Do not make the situation worse by offending the other driver. Shouting, flipping the bird, or making other obscene gestures will probably make the other driver even madder.\\n\", \"It can be potentially dangerous to wave someone on or otherwise encourage them to pass you. There are several reasons for this, one of them being that if you make a mistake – say, there's a driveway you don't see on the other side of the road that a car is pulling out of and turning right – you may be liable for any accidents.\\n\", \"It is illegal (or highly discouraged) to slow down while someone is passing you – if another car suddenly approaches, the other driver needs to make their own decision. Don't complicate things by slowing down, because they may also decide to slow down and fall back behind you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
} | wikihow |
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